Fernando Trías - La Reconquista de la Creatividad

 

 

Hk rbjagqudstk `b hk jrbktdvd`k`   Júoa rbjupbrkr hk jkpkjd`k` `b jrbkr  qub hhbvkoas `bgtra  

IBVGKG@A IBVG KG@A PVÏKZ PVÏKZ @B  @B FBZ  

www.obeustkhbbrbfaacs.jao

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 ^krk od ldmk Fhkgjk, qudbg, k sus trbjb kûas, lk jagsbeud`a okgtbgbr vdvk ta`kvïk  su jrbktdvd`k` dggktk

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  Dgtra`ujjdúg  

Hk sdophdjd`k` bs sdboprb kerk`bjd`k. Tk bg bh sdeha

\DDD Eudhhbroa

`b Ajclko, k

qudbg Rofbrta Bja `da pëfuha bg su okegïidjk gavbhk  Bh gaofrb `b hk rask, bstkfhbjdú qub, bg deukh`k` `b jag`djdagbs, hk bxphdjkjdúg oës sbgjdhhk bs hk jarrbjtk. Bs hk hhkok`k Gkvkmk `b Ajclko. Bstb hdfra rbspag`b k tkh jrdtbrda. Kquï lky sbgjdhhbz y sdophdjd`k`. ^bra bsa ga sdegdidjk qub bstb sbk ug hdfra fkgkh. Pkopaja bs `b jrbjdodbgta pbrsagkh a `b has `bgaodgk`as `b kutakyu`k. Bstb bs ug tbxta rdeurasa y fdbg `ajuobgtk`a, y lb  prajurk`a qub sbk tkofdäg bgtrbtbgd`a, kjbrjk `b hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk, `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. ±Bg qudäg lb pbgsk`a jukg`a ha bsjrdfïk1 Bg kqubhhks pbrsagks jag dgqudbtu`bs safrb hk jrbktdvd`k`, dgtbrbsk`ks bg jagajbr bg quä jagsdstb, júoa iugjdagk, par quä kheugks pbrsagks sag oës jrbktdvks qub atrks, júoa sb pub`b `bskrrahhkr hk jrbktdvd`k` `arod`k, quä bhbobgtas hk hdodtkg, quä ikjtarbs hk patbgjdkg… @b ta`a bsa trktk bstb hdfra. Hk jrbktdvd`k` bstë tkg fdbg vdstk jaoa okh jaoprbg`d`k. Bstë ra`bk`k `b odtas y ikhsks jrbbgjdks. Hk prubfk bs qub, sdbg`a ugk `b hks ikjbtks oës dopartkgtbs `bh sbr  luokga, ga jagstk bg jksd gdgeýg praerkok b`ujktdva. Bg hks bsjubhks ga sb bgsbûk jrbktdvd`k`, tkopaja bg hks ugdvbrsd`k`bs, skhva jagtk`ks bxjbpjdagbs. Rgk `b hks rkzagbs rbsd`b bg hk prapdk `bidgdjdúg `b jrbktdvd`k`.  

Jrbktdvd`k` ? ikjuhtk` `b jrbkr   Kh jagsd`brkrsb hk jrbktdvd`k` ugk ikjuhtk`, sb lk bqudpkrk`a k ug `ag pbrsagkh a ugk jukhd`k` bspbjdkh. Khea qub pasbbg sahkobgtb ugas pajas. Bstb hdfra `bidbg`b mustkobgtb ha jagtrkrda= hk jrbktdvd`k` bs dggktk y ta`as has sbrbs luokgas, par bh obra lbjla `b sbr pbrsagks, khfbrekg ug `btbrodgk`a patbgjdkh jrbktdva. Hk jrbktdvd`k` ga bs prdvdhbeda `b kheugas, sdga ug rksea dglbrbgtb k gubstrk

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jag`djdúg luokgk. K `boastrkrha `b`djkrä bh jkpïtuha uga. Klï prafkrä bh jkrëjtbr  dggkta `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. ±T par quä khea jagsustkgjdkh k gubstra eägbra sb lk hhbek`a k jagsd`brkr  odgardtkrda1 Hk rbspubstk tdbgb qub vbr jag ha qub `bgaodga dgldfd`arbs (pa`boas tkofdäg hhkokrhas irbgas, fkrrbrks, dopb`dobgtas, afstëjuhas…). Zag, bg `bidgdtdvk, ug jagmugta `b ikjtarbs qub vkg jakrtkg`a y kodgarkg`a gubstrk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk. Bg gubstra prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg, `b kprbg`dzkmb y `bskrrahha `b hk dgtbhdebgjdk has laofrbs y hks oumbrbs vkoas pbr`dbg`a pkrtb `b gubstrk jrbktdvd`k` lkstk jagjhudr  qub ga saoas jrbktdvas. Ga tbg`rïk qub sbr gbjbskrdkobgtb ksï. ^bra sujb`b. Bxphdjkrä bstb prajbsa bg bh sbeug`a jkpïtuha. @b iarok gkturkh b dgob`dktk bobreb hk sdeudbgtb jubstdúg= sd bh sbr luokga gkjb jrbktdva y su prapda `bskrrahha ha `bspamk `b tkh jkpkjd`k`, ±pub`b bstk rbjupbrkrsb1 Hk rbspubstk bs qub sï bs pasdfhb. Ga sdboprb tatkhobgtb. Bs `b supagbr qub hk  prapdk obrok `b hk jkpkjd`k` `b kprbg`dzkmb qub jaghhbvk hk b`k` dophdjkrë, bg jdbrtas jksas, ugk rbjupbrkjdúg sahkobgtb pkrjdkh `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. ^bra, sbk okyar a obgar tkh rblkfdhdtkjdúg, ha bsbgjdkh bs qub bstk pub`k rbkjtdvkrsb, `bspbrtkrsb a, bg has tärodgas `b bstb bgskya, rbjagqudstkrsb. Lkfha `b rbjagqudstk parqub bg kheýg oaobgta `bh pksk`a hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk iub jaophbtkobgtb gubstrk. Iub gubstra tbrrdtarda gkturkh. Bstuva jagqudstk`k bg bh dgdjda. Gugjk `bfdú pbr`brsb. Hk pasdfdhd`k` rbkh `b bsk rbjagqudstk sbrë bh afmbta `bh tbrjbr jkpïtuha. ±T júoa pa`boas rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k` dggktk y pbr`d`k1 Bgtrkrboas klï bg hk sbeug`k pkrtb `bh hdfra. Bg prdobr huekr, sbrë prbjdsa bhdodgkr a ktbgukr has dgldfd`arbs. Zu kfar`kmb bs bsbgjdkh pkrk rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k` `b ugk pbrsagk a ug erupa `b pbrsagks. Zdg tkh rboajdúg jukhqudbr bstdouhkgtb a oäta`a `b trkfkma tbg`rë ugas bibjtas hdodtk`as a, bg bh pbar `b has jksas, dgjhusa jagtrkpra`ujbgtbs. Zbrïk jaoa bgsbûkr k jag`ujdr k qudbg ta`kvïk ga lboas qudtk`a ugks ekiks asjurks qub ga pbrodtbg vbr jag jhkrd`k`. Bsk pbrsagk tbg`rë lbrrkodbgtks, skfrë edrkr, jkofdkr okrjlks, irbgkr, kjbhbrkr. ^bra tkhbs lkfdhd`k`bs bstkrëg obrok`ks  parqub ga sb lkfrë bhdodgk`a su prdgjdpkh ikjtar hdodtkgtb= hks ekiks qub ga hb `bmkg vbr. Bg bh`bjkpïtuha juktra bxphdjkoas iarokstatkh `b kjtukjdúg pkrk pkhdkr bh bibjta has dgldfd`arbs. Zu bhdodgkjdúg, a pkrjdkh,y bsbstrktbedks jag`dtda sdgb quk gag

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 pkrk rbstkfhbjbr hk jrbktdvd`k` jrbktdv d`k`. Rg kpugtb dopartkgtb= hk rbjupbrkjdúg `b hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk ga supagb gbjbskrdkobgtb tbgbr qub kprbg`br, `bskrrahhkr a `bsphbekr gubvks jkpkjd`k`bs. Fkstk jag hks qub yk tbgboas, sd hk pbrsagk pasbb ug oïgdoa `b iarokjdúg b`ujktdvk. Jrba qub bstk bs hk prdgjdpkh kpartkjdúg `b bstb trkfkma qub bh hbjtar tdbgb bgtrb sus okgas= ha odsoa qub dopd`b sbr jrbktdva, bophbk`a `b ug oa`a khtbrgktdva a bg ugk sbjubgjdk `dstdgtk, iaobgtk hk jrbktdvd`k`. Bg kheugas jksas sb trktk, sbgjdhhkobgtb, `b vkrdkr bh ar`bg bg qub pbgskoas, kgkhdzkoas y sahujdagkoas prafhboks. ^krbjb dopasdfhb, pbra bs ksï= ha qub bgtarpbjb gubstrk jrbktdvd`k`, gubstras prdgjdpkhbs bgbodeas, jagvbgdbgtbobgtb bophbk`as, sb jagvbrtdrëg bg gubstras okyarbs khdk`as. K bhha `b`dja bh jkpïtuha jdgja. Jaoprbg`d`a bsta, pa`rboas bgtagjbs patbgjdkr ugks jkpkjd`k`bs hdfrbs `b afstëjuhas. [ubrboas qub ug kthbtk rbjarrk has jdbg obtras bg ug tdbopa räjar`. Hk  pdstk bstkfk phkek`k `b oktamas y phkgtks. phkgt ks. Tk hks lboas bhdodgk`a. Hk pdstk bs yk hdsk. Klark pa`boas `kr kh `bpartdstk lbrrkodbgtks, oäta`as, rbjursas. ^a`rboas  patbgjdkr su vbhajd`k`= bstas patbgjdk`arbs patb gjdk`arbs sb trk`ujdrëg bg phusokrjks. Bh jkpïtuha sbds `btkhhkrë has oës dopartkgtbs patbgjdk`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Zag ug jagmugta `b täjgdjks, lbrrkodbgtks sbgjdhhks, iëjdhbs y susjbptdfhbs `b kphdjkrsb bg jksd jukhqudbr `dsjdphdgk, krtïstdjk a ga. Hk ýhtdok irksb ob afhdek k ugk dopartkgtb kjhkrkjdúg. Bstb hdfra kfar`k hk jrbktdvd`k` bg ebgbrkh. Zu ëofdta `b kphdjkjdúg dgjhuyb `bs`b hk jrbktdvd`k` krtïstdjk lkstk hk jrbktdvd`k` kphdjk`k k jukhqudbr jkopa `bh skfbr= hk jrbktdvd`k` boprbskrdkh a hk jrbktdvd`k` bg hk jdbgjdk, par bmbopha. Dgjhusa bg hks rbhkjdagbs pbrsagkhbs, ha qub kheugas lkg `k`a bg hhkokr dgtbhdebgjdk boajdagkh. Afvdkobgtb, bxdstbg `dibrbgjdks bgtrb ta`ks bhhks, pubs jk`k `dsjdphdgk sb krtdjuhk y `bskrrahhk k trkväs `b `dibrbgtbs dopuhsas y oäta`as. ^bra bg ta`as has jksas sb trktk `b jrbktdvd`k` y, par bhha, tkofdäg bg ta`as has jksas kjtýkg has odsoas dgldfd`arbs y sdrvbg has odsoas  patbgjdk`arbs. Ha qub kquï sb bxphdjk bs trkgsvbrskh k jukhqudbr tdpa `b kjtdvd`k` `ag`b hk jrbktdvd`k` sbk susjbptdfhb `b `bsbopbûkr ug rah. ^krk tbrodgkr, lb dgjhud`a ug säptdoa jkpïtuha, frbvb y `b jkrëjtbr prëjtdja, qub kfar`k kspbjtas prëjtdjas `b hk jrbktdvd`k` k hk lark `b jagvbrtdrhk bg kjjdúg. Juëg`a, `úg`b, jag quä bhbobgtas sbr jrbktdva, bg quä bgtargas oavbrgas k hk lark `b `bsphbekr gubvks pasdfdhd`k`bs. Fdbgvbgd`as k hk rbjagqudstk `b hk jrbktdvd`k`.

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^VDOBVK ^KVPB  

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Bh prafhbok `b hk jrbktdvd`k`

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Hk jrbktdvd`k`, ikjuhtk` dggktk  

Lky ug jagmugta `b bhbobgtas qub, k od oa`a `b vbr, `boubstrkg qub bh sbr  luokga gkjb jrbktdva. Rga rbsd`b bg hk rkzúg `b sbr `bh kjta `b jrbkr. ±^ar quä jrbkoas1 Jukg`a kheudbg jrbk (sbkg oujlas a pajas, lkykg jrbk`a jasks u afrks `b krtb), ±par quä ha lkjb1 ±@b `úg`b pravdbgb tkh gbjbsd`k`1 ^krk rbspag`br, bopbzkrä par bh pkrkhbhdsoa qub bxdstb bgtrb bh koar y hk jrbktdvd`k`.  

Bh  kjta `b kokr y bh kjta `b jrbkr  Bh psdjúhaea y idhúsaia khboëg Brdjl Iraoo bsjrdfdú qub bh sbr luokga bstë jagodgk`a k supbrkr a vbgjbr bh kdshkodbgta qub bgtrkûk hk jagjdbgjdk `b sbr. @b sbr  ug dg`dvd`ua jag ug jubrpa y jagjdbgjdk prapdas, ýgdjas b dgtrkgsibrdfhbs.  Gkjbr y oardr sag kjtas kjt as ïgtdoas, ïgt doas, sdgeuhkrbs, sdgeuhkrb s, dg`dvd`ukhbs. dg`dvd `ukhbs. Zaoas gasatras qudbgbs qud bgbs gkjboas `bh vdbgtrb `b hk ok`rb y, kugqub lkyk kheudbg kyu`kg`a ‐ug oä`dja a ugk jaok`ragk‐, bh kjta `b gkjbr bs prapda, bs saha gubstra. ^ar atra hk`a, oardoas tkofdäg sahas. Pkh vbz, kjaopkûk`as `b has sbrbs qub gas kokg, pub`b lkfbr atrks  pbrsagks bg bh huekr `ag`b ikhhbjboas, pbra `bs`b ug pugta `b vdstk obtkiïsdja, bh kjta `b oardr bs prapda. Zb pub`b gkjbr y oardr kh hk`a `b kheudbg. ^bra gkjbr y oardr  sag kjtas dgtrïgsbjkobgtb prapdas, dgtrkgsibrdfhbs, dg`dvd`ukhbs. Bgtrb uga y atra lbjla, gkjdodbgta y oubrtb, sb bxtdbg`b ug pbrda`a `b tdbopa `b `urkjdúg dg`btbrodgk`k, khea bxtrkûa, qub trktkoas `b kprblbg`br y sb gas bsjkpk bgtrb hks okgas, qub rbjar`koas y praybjtkoas, pbra qub ga pa`boas `btbgbr. K bsb khea ha `bgaodgkoas vd`k. @bs`b tkh úptdjk, bh lbjla `b vdvdr bs dgvbrsa kh `b gkjbr a oardr. @urkgtb bsb pbrda`a hhkok`a vd`k bh sbr luokga trktkrë `b trksjbg`br hk dg`dvd`ukhd`k` qub `k dgdjda y idg k su bxdstbgjdk. Hk vd`k bs ug pbrda`a qub, bgtrb atrks, tdbgb hk iugjdúg `b trksjbg`br hk d`bgtd`k`, supbrkr bsk dg`dvd`ukhd`k` jag hk qub gkjboas y oardoas. Bxphdjk Iraoo qub bh sbr luokga bstë jagodgk`a k supbrkr 

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su «dg`dvd`ukjdúg³. Ydvdr bgjbrrk`a bg bh prapda oug`a, kdshkrsb bg uga odsoa, bg rbsuobg, vdvdr sdg trksjbg`br gas suodrïk bg hk hajurk, hk trdstbzk a hk `bprbsdúg.  Ga bs qub ga sbk pasdfhb bstkr fdbg jag uga odsoa, sdga qub bs jagtrkpra`ujbgtb bstkr ýgdjkobgtb jag uga odsoa.; Prksjbg`br bh prapda sbr bs, prafkfhbobgtb, ugk `b hks okyarbs gbjbsd`k`bs y, par  bg`b, sktdsikjjdagbs qub bh sbr luokga pub`b bxpbrdobgtkr. Jaoa bh sbr luokga fusjk trksjbg`br su dg`dvd`ukhd`k`, prbjdskrë khea kmbga, khea `dstdgta k äh odsoa. Bs húedja. Rga ga pub`b trksjbg`brsb k sï odsoa saha ob`dkgtb sï odsoa. ±[uä tdbgb k su `dspasdjdúg1 ±[uä bgjubgtrk k su khrb`b`ar pkrk juophdr bsk odsdúg trksjbg`bgtkh1 @urkgtb gubstrk vd`k bgjagtrkrboas k gubstra khrb`b`ar `as erupas `b bhbobgtas= jasks qub sb oubvbg y jasks qub ga sb oubvbg. Bhbobgtas jag vd`k y bhbobgtas sdg vd`k. Bg bh prdobr erupa dgjhudoas k atrks pbrsagks y tkofdäg sbrbs kgdok`as (kgdokhbs, phkgtks…). Bg bh sbeug`a erupa bstëg has afmbtas iïsdjas, hk oktbrdk qub iarok pkrtb y, k su vbz, jagstdtuyb bh prapda oug`a (pdb`rks, tdbrrk, jdbha, ok`brk, ldbrra…). Jasks y pbrsagks. Has bhbobgtas prdgjdpkhbs `b has qub `dspagb bh sbr luokga sag sus sbobmkgtbs y bh oug`a. ±[uä apjdagbs tdbgb k su khjkgjb rbspbjta k bhhas1 Bh laofrb pa`rïk `bstrudr ta`a ha qub lkhhksb bg su jkodga, `bvkstkr, qudtkr hk vd`k k hks pbrsagks jag qudbgbs sb jruzksb, `bstrazkr y kgdqudhkr hks jasks qub lky k su khrb`b`ar. ^bra tkh jaopartkodbgta ga sbrvdrïk bg bstb prapúsdta vdtkh `b trksjbg`bgjdk. Bsk pbrsagk saha haerkrïk kdshkrsb oës kýg. Bg bh hïodtb, sd kjkfksb jag bh oug`a, sb qub`krïk sdg bhbobgtas a sbrbs bg has qub praybjtkrsb a rbjagajbrsb. Bg su kjtdvd`k` trksjbg`bgtkh, bh sbr luokga gbjbsdtk vbrsb rbihbmk`a, rbjagajd`a. a aftbg`rë has rbsuhtk`as pbrsbeud`as sd su rbhkjdúg jag pbrsagks y jasks bs `bstrujtdvk. Vbjagajbrsb bs ug kjta vdtkh, par ha qub `bstrujjdúg, oubrtb y kgdqudhkjdúg sag rbjursas bstärdhbs. Ga sdrvbg. Prksjbg`br hk dg`dvd`ukhd`k` afhdek k rbjagajbrsb bg bh atra y bg ha atra, ha qub vk k rbqubrdr ugk kjtdtu` jagstrujtdvk tkgta jag hks pbrsagks jaoa jag hks jasks. ±Hk sahujdúg1= bh trksjbg`bgtkhdsoa jag hks pbrsagks sb khjkgzk k trkväs `bh koar. T jag hks jasks, k trkväs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Ykoas prdobra jag hks pbrsagks. Bg hk ob`d`k bg qub sb kok, hk atrk pbrsagk rbjdfb bsb koar y, oavd`k par hk odsok gbjbsd`k` `b trksjbg`bgjdk, bgtrbek tkofdäg kh atra su koar. Bg bstb rbtarga, jaoa sd `b ug bja sb trktksb, bh sbr luokga raopb su

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 prapda kdshkodbgta, su prapda ya y sb rbjagajb bg bh atra y k trkväs `bh atra. [ub`k hdfbrk`a `b su sahb`k` y su kdshkodbgta kibjtdva sdg ikeajdtkr kh atra. T, par ha qub rbspbjtk k hks jasks, bh trksjbg`bgtkhdsoa sb haerk k trkväs `b hk oës jagstrujtdvk `b hks kjtdvd`k`bs= hk jrbktdvd`k` a bh kjta `b jrbkr. Bg bstb jksa, bh sbr  luokga pbrsdeub rbjagajbrsb bg hk oktbrdk3 ga k trkväs `b hk `dobgsdúg kibjtdvk, 6 sdga k trkväs `b hk `dobgsdúg praybjtdvk. @bh odsoa oa`a qub ug pkdskmb prbjdsk `b ugk pbhïjuhk `b gdtrkta `b phktk `ag`b praybjtkrsb pkrk dgoartkhdzkrsb, bh laofrb  prbjdsk `b khea `ag`b praybjtkr sbgtdodbgtas b d`bks qub ga pub`b gd `bfb vbrtbr  safrb atrks pbrsagks. ^krk bsa tdbgb k su `dspasdjdúg hks jasks, bh oug`a. Bh sbr luokga trkgsiarok hk rbkhd`k` pkrk qub sbk rbihbma `b sï odsoa. ^ar  bmbopha, jukg`a ug  Laoa skpdbgs taok skgerb `b ug kgdokh y pdgtk bg hk pkrb` `b ugk jubvk ug kgtïhapb, bstë trkgsiarokg`a oktbrdk (skgerb y pdb`rk) `b oa`a qub rbihbmbg pkrtb `b su sbr. Bg bstb jksa, hk vdsdúg `b has kgdokhbs qub jagstdtuybg su jkzk y khdobgta. Zd bsb odsoa  Laoa skpdbgs skpdbgs jahajk ug pkha vbrtdjkh pkrk jaoprafkr  hk saofrk `bh pkha, bstë trkgsiarokg`a oktbrdk (huz y jahajkjdúg `b hk ok`brk) pkrk rbjagajbr ug bhbobgta qub lk jkptk`a su ktbgjdúg, bh ibgúobga huoïgdja. T ksï sujbsdvkobgtb. Bg ta`as bstas jksas, gbjbsdtk trkgsiarokr hk pasdjdúg rbhktdvk a hk iarok y bh bstk`a `b hks jasks. Zd ga sb pra`ujb kheýg tdpa `b trkgsiarokjdúg, hks jasks sbeudrëg bg su bstk`a gkturkh. Bh qub hbs bs prapda. Ga bh gubstra. Zaha sd sag trkgsiarok`ks a trkgsideurk`ks par gasatras pa`rëg rbihbmkr ug pbgskodbgta a sbgtdodbgta prapda. Zd, par bmbopha, ug kgdokh okgjlk hk pkrb` `b ugk jubvk jag skgerb `b ugk prbsk jkzk`k, lky trkgsiarokjdúg pbra ga sdegdidjk`a. Ga lky dgtbgjdúg y, par tkgta, bsk trkgsiarokjdúg bs khbktardk. Ga bs jrbktdvk. Ga lky trksjbg`bgtkhdsoa. ^krk qub ugk trkgsiarokjdúg bgtrkûb ug sbgtd`a, sb lkjb gbjbskrdk ugk dgtbrvbgjdúg jrbktdvk, dgtbhdebgtb. Bs bh sbr luokga bh ýgdja qub trkgsiarok jag sdegdidjk`a a sbgtd`a. Bsa sï bs jrbkjdúg. T pkrk bsb tdpa `b jrbkjdúg, bs prbjdsk hk jrbktdvd`k`. Bg rbsuobg, gas praybjtkoas y rbjagajboas bg bh prúmdoa k trkväs `bh kjta `b kokr, y bg hks jasks gas praybjtkoas y rbjagajboas k trkväs `bh kjta `b jrbkr.  

Vbhkjdúg bgtrb jrbktdvd`k` b dgtbhdebgjdk   Bs jurdasa qub has kgtrapúhaeas b dgvbstdek`arbs `bgaodgbg  Laoa skpdbgs kh laoïgd`a qub k`qudbrb  skfd`urïk a rkzúg  pkrk `bvbgdr luokga y kpbgks lkg

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jagsd`brk`a hk pasdfdhd`k` `bh kjta jrbktdva jaoa `btagkgtb `bh pbgskodbgta. Bs `bjdr, qub hk jrbktdvd`k` pub`k sbr prbvdk k hk dgtbhdebgjdk. A, jukg`a obgas, dglbrbgtb k hk prapdk dgtbhdebgjdk. Bs sarprbg`bgtb= sd jagtkfdhdzësboas has lkhhkzeas `b hk pkhbagtahaeïk bg `as erupas ‐dgvbgtas objëgdjas b dgvbgtas krtïstdjas‐, has sbeug`as sag ouy supbrdarbs k has prdobras bg gýobra. Ga `bfb `b sbr ugk jksukhd`k` qub has prdobras dg`djdas `b rkjdagkhd`k` bg gubstras kgtbpksk`as sbkg krtïstdjas. T, sdg bofkrea, jkrkjtbrdzkoas kh laofrb jaoa rkjdagkh, kgtbs qub bxprbsdva. Ktrdfudoas hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk k hk bvahujdúg `b hk rkzúg, kh jbrbfra, k gubstra gdvbh y bvahujdúg dgtbhbjtukh, y ga tkgta k hk gbjbsd`k` `b bxprbsdúg. ±Ga pa`rïk sbr kh jagtrkrda1 Bh jbrbfra `bh laofrb pub`b lkfbr bvahujdagk`a k  pkrtdr `b sus kjtas jrbktdvas. Bh laofrb kok pkrk jagbjtkr jag sus jageägbrbs,  prajrbk pkrk hk jagsbrvkjdúg `b su bspbjdb y, oavd`a par bh odsoa `bsba `b trksjbg`bgjdk dg`dvd`ukh y `b jagbxdúg jag bh bxtbrdar, taok has afmbtas qub lky k su khrb`b`ar y has trkgsiarok, sb bxprbsk jrbkg`a jag bhhas. Bstk jrbktdvd`k` pub`b sbr bh oatar `b su `bskrrahha dgtbhbjtukh, y ga ugk jagsbjubgjdk. Dokedgboas bh prdobr kjta jrbktdva `b hk ldstardk `b hk luokgd`k`, sd bs qub tdbgb sbgtd`a jagsd`brkr ug prdobr kjta jrbktdva. Rg laoïgd`a, `b pragta, bxpbrdobgtk ug `bsba `b jrbkr. Paok ugk pdb`rk y hk pagb safrb atrk sdg oës dgtbgjdúg qub trkgsiarokr su rbkhd`k` pkrk jagbjtkr jag bh bxtbrdar. Ga prbtbg`b ktrkbr k ugk prbsk y jkzkrhk, saha `kr skhd`k k ugk gbjbsd`k` dgtbrdar qub pd`b ihudr lkjdk iubrk. Jukg`a yk hk pdb`rk sb lkhhk safrb hk atrk, bh laoïgd`a sb dgtbrraek k sï odsoa. Zb vb afhdek`a k iarouhkrsb ugk prbeugtk, ugk prbeugtk qub sureb jaoa jagsbjubgjdk `b su prapdk  puhsdúg jrbk`ark= ±quä bs bsta, quä rbprbsbgtk, rbprbsbgtk , quä susjdtk bg oï1 Bgtagjbs, saha bgtagjbs, pdbgsk. @bs`b tkh pbrspbjtdvk, bh kjta jrbk`ar lk `bspbrtk`a ugk `u`k. T hk `u`k lk `bspbrtk`a bh pbgskodbgta. @b sbr ksï, hk jrbktdvd`k` sbrïk pkrtb dgtrïgsbjk `b hk dgtbhdebgjdk, y ga ug bibjta `b bstk ýhtdok. Bg hktïg y, bg `bidgdtdvk,  Dokedga, brea `ufdta  y, k pkrtdr `b klï,  @ufdta, brea jaedta. @u`a, hubea pdbgsa.: ±^ar quä ug kgdokh, par bmbopha, ug furra ga pdbgsk1 ^ubs parqub ga `u`k.  Ga bs khea dgvbrasïodh. Iïsdjkobgtb, bs musta bsk sbjubgjdk hk qub sb pra`ujb `urkgtb bh pbgskodbgta. Bh jbrbfra utdhdzk dopuhsas iïsdjas y quïodjas pkrk jagbjtkr  gburagks. Has odhhagbs `b gburagks `bh jbrbfra, ksï jaoa hks ksajdkjdagbs bgtrb tkhbs gburagks, sb ar`bgkg k pkrtdr `b hk dgiarokjdúg qub gas hhbek `bh bxtbrdar. Bh

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 pbgskodbgta iugjdagk jagbjtkg`a jagbjtk g`a d`bks qub bstkfkg `bsjagbjtk`ks. ±T par quä `b has odhbs `b d`bks k jagbjtkr bh jbrbfra bsjaeb hks qub bsjaeb1 ^ubs  parqub sag hks qub ga jaoprbg`b, hks qub hb lkjbg `u`kr. @b atra oa`a, sdophbobgtb, ga hhkokrïkg su ktbgjdúg. Ga hks sbhbjjdagkrïk. Bh ar`bg jragahúedja `b hks jagbxdagbs gburagkhbs bs bh sdeudbgtb= (;) dgjaoprbgsdúg, (6) bstïouha quïodja y (:) jagbxdúg. Ybrboas oës k`bhkgtb, kh `bsjrdfdr hk húedjk `b hk jrbktdvd`k`, qub sag  prbjdskobgtb bstas trbs pksas has qub sdeub bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva= (;) pugta `b  pkrtd`k (tkofdäg hhkok`a iaja), (6) `bsjagbxdúg (hhkok`a pkrk`amk a skhta) y (:) jagbxdúg (sahujdúg). Ha qub kjagtbjb k ugk bsjkhk odjrasjúpdjk bgtrb gburagks sb rbpra`ujb k gdvbh okjra bg bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva, qub jagsdstb, bsbgjdkhobgtb, bg jagbjtkr (`kr sbgtd`a) k d`bks dgjagbxks (bstïouhas qub susjdtkg `u`k). Bstk bqudvkhbgjdk bgtrb bh iugjdagkodbgta idsdahúedja `b gubstrks gburagks y bh  pbgskodbgta jrbktdva j rbktdva bs b s atra dg`djda `b qub hk jrbktdvd`k` jrbktd vd`k` bs jagsustkgjdkh kh jbrbfra luokga. Gubstras jbrbfras bstëg «jag`bgk`as³ k sbr jrbktdvas. Ga bs qub sbrboas oës a obgas jrbktdvas bg iugjdúg `b gubstras ebgbs. Bs qub gubstras ebgbs hhbvkg dgjarpark`as bg su sdstbok apbrktdva ug bsqubok bsbgjdkhobgtb jrbktdva. A, pkrk sbr  oës prbjdsas, hk jrbktdvd`k` bs hk okgdibstkjdúg bxtbrgk `bh iugjdagkodbgta gburagkh dgtbrga. Bsta pub`b kreuobgtkrsb `b iarok ouy bvd`bgtb kgkhdzkg`a ug bhbobgta bxjhusdvkobgtb luokga= bh luoar.0  

Bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva y bh luoar    Zag oujlas has pbgsk`arbs y idhúsaias qub lkg bstkfhbjd`a ugk vdgjuhkjdúg y ug  pkrkhbhdsoa bgtrb bh luoar y bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva. jrb ktdva. Rg jldstb ga bs oës qub `as d`bks kpkrbgtbobgtb dgjagbxks qub bh luoardstk  prbpkrk y k`odgdstrk jagvbgdbgtbobgtb k hk ku`dbgjdk pkrk qub bstk rbkhdjb ugk jagbxdúg qub hk jag`uzjk k ugk jagjhusdúg `dibrbgtb k hk dgdjdkhobgtb phkgtbk`k. Bh luoar sdeub mustkobgtb hks odsoks trbs iksbs qub hks gburagks y qub hk jrbktdvd`k`= (;) okrja `b rbibrbgjdk ikhsa (iaja a pugta `b pkrtd`k), (6) bhbobgta dgjalbrbgtb rbpbgtdga (`bsjagbxdúg a pkrk`amk) y (:) rbjagajdodbgta `bh okrja `b rbibrbgjdk vbr`k`bra (jagbxdúg a sahujdúg). @b lbjla, pa`rïkoas kgkhdzkr jukhqudbr jldstb bg tkhbs tärodgas. ^ar bmbopha=

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  @as kodeas qub ga sb vbg `bs`b lkjb oujla tdbopa sb bgjubgtrkg jksukhobgtb. Rga hb `djb kh atra=   ‐±[uä tkh, júoa vk ta`a1   ‐^ubs ggaa ouy fdbg. Ob lb sbpkrk`a.   ‐Ykyk, ga ha skfïk. ^bra bs obmar ksï. Pu oumbr sb lkfïk kjastk`a jag ta`as tus kodeas. Lkstk jagodea bg ug pkr `b ajksdagbs.   T bh atra rbspag`b=   ‐Ga ob lb sbpkrk`a `b od oumbr. Ob lb sbpkrk`a `b od sajda.

  Kgkhdjboas bh jldstb `bs`b hk úptdjk `b d`bks dgjagbxks qub sb jagbjtkg pkrk k`qudrdr ug sbgtd`a `dibrbgtb kh dgdjdkhobgtb prapubsta. Hk irksb «Ob lb sbpkrk`a³ idmk ugk prdobrk d`bk bg hk obgtb `bh aybgtb (bh okrja `b rbibrbgjdk ikhsa a pugta `b  pkrtd`k)= ugk sbpkrkjdúg oktrdoagdkh. oktrdoagd kh. Hubea sb kûk`b dgiarokjdúg. Bh kodea rbvbhk hks dgid`bhd`k`bs. Bstas `ktas rbiubrzkg bh okrja dgdjdkh= pkrbjb húedja qub bh oktrdoagda lkyk kjkfk`a bg sbpkrkjdúg. Bgtagjbs vdbgb bh bhbobgta dgjalbrbgtb rbpbgtdga, qub jksd sdboprb jadgjd`b jag hk ýhtdok pkrtb `bh jldstb. «Ga ob lb sbpkrk`a `b od oumbr. Ob lb sbpkrk`a `b od sajda.³ Hk ýhtdok irksb `b ta`as has jldstbs ha rb`bidgb ta`a y `bsbgjk`bgk bh rbsta `b hks apbrkjdagbs gburagkhbs. Bs ugk khajujdúg qub bstkfhbjb ug vkjïa jag hk d`bk prbvdk, ugk pkrk`amk. Bh okrja `b rbibrbgjdk dgdjdkh bs `b pragta dgvëhd`a ‐bh laofrb ga sb lk sbpkrk`a‐. Hk obgtb `bh aybgtb `bfb, rëpd`kobgtb, rb`bidgdr ta`a bh bsqubok. @bfb rberbskr k hk prdobrk d`bk y jarrbedrhk. ^krk bhha, `bfb bgjagtrkr, par sï saha y sdg kyu`k bxtbrgk, ug okrja `b rbibrbgjdk khtbrgktdva y ýgdja `ag`b bgjkmb hk tatkhd`k` `b hk dgiarokjdúg rbjdfd`k `urkgtb bh jldstb. ±Júoa `k gubstrk dgtbhdebgjdk jag bstb okrja `b rbibrbgjdk1 Bh jbrbfra sb pagb bg okrjlk y rkzagk ‐bg bh jksa `bh jldstb kgtbrdar‐ `b bstb oa`a= «Zd bh tdpa ga sb lk sbpkrk`a `b su oumbr sdegdidjk qub bh kodea lk obtd`a ihkerkgtbobgtb hk pktk³. T rbïoas.2 ±Juëgta tkr`koas bg jaoprbg`br ug jldstb1 Rgks pbrsagks, ug paja oës qub atrks. ^bra, par ha ebgbrkh, bg obgas `b ug sbeug`a gubstra jbrbfra bs jkpkz `b rbarekgdzkr hks `as d`bks dgjagbxks `b jukhqudbr ldstardk `b luoar y atarekrhbs ug gubva sbgtd`a. ^krk oës dgrd, bsb okrja, hk sahujdúg ‐`deëoasha ksï‐ saha pub`b sbr ugk. Rg jldstb tdbgb ug saha sbgtd`a. Vbïoas sd ha d`bgtdidjkoas. Zd ha dgtbrprbtkoas brrúgbkobgtb, hk sahujdúg bgjagtrk`k ga subhb rbsuhtkr erkjdask. Bstk bs

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atrk prubfk `b júoa gubstra jbrbfra, kutaoëtdjkobgtb y sdg kyu`k bxtbrgk, ob`dkgtb bstïouhas quïodjas y iïsdjas, k hk vbhajd`k` `b hk huz, rbkhdzk jagbxdagbs pkrk qub ta`k hk dgiarokjdúg qub gas hhbek sbk jaoprbgsdfhb y tbgek húedjk. Ha sarprbg`bgtb bs qub jukg`a gas bxphdjkg ug jldstb gk`db gas `djb kh kjkfkr= «Fdbg, bstks `as d`bks ga jarrbspag`bg k hk sdtukjdúg dgdjdkh, sdga qub sb lkjb prbjdsa ug gubva okrja pkrk qub ta`k hk dgiarokjdúg bgjkmb³. Hk dgjaoprbgsdúg, hk `u`k, gas jagodgk `b iarok bspagtëgbk y kutaoëtdjk, dgjhusa dgvahugtkrdk, k rbkhdzkr bsk jagbxdúg. Hk `u`k kjtdvk bh pbgskodbgta, bh jukh  fusjkrë bgtrb ta`ks hks khtbrgktdvks pasdfhbs y sbhbjjdagkrë hk qub lkek bgjkmkr ta`ks hks pdbzks. T ga ýgdjkobgtb «rbsahvdbg`a³ jldstbs, sdga tkofdäg jag ta`a tdpa `b prafhboks y jubstdagbs. @b lbjla, k ta`as gas lk pksk`a ‐sbeura qub bh hbjtar ha lk bxpbrdobgtk`a bg kheugk ajksdúg‐ dr k `arodr jag ug prafhbok bgtrb okgas, ug ksugta ga rbsubhta qub gas prbajupk, khea qub ga skfboas júoa kfar`kr y, k hk okûkgk sdeudbgtb, bg jukgta kfrdoas has amas vboas jhkra júoa kjaobtbrha, bh jkodga k sbeudr, dgjhusa bg kheýg jksa ugk sahujdúg dggavk`ark bg hk qub ga lkfïkoas pbgsk`a. Gubstra dgjagsjdbgtb trkfkmk odbgtrks `arodoas y fusjk sahujdagbs. Hks jagsbjubgjdks b dophdjkjdagbs sag oujlks y praiug`ks. Zdegdidjk qub hk jrbktdvd`k` bs tkgta bh krtb `b pravajkr jaoa bh bsiubrza `b rbsahvbr. Zd tbgboas hk ku`kjdk y lkfdhd`k` `b bgirbgtkrgas k prbeugtks b dgjaoprbgsdagbs, gubstrk prapdk gkturkhbzk kjtukrë. Hks `u`ks sbrëg úr`bgbs pkrk bh sufjagsjdbgtb. Oktdzkrä bstk jubstdúg oës k`bhkgtb parqub rbsahvbr ga bs ugk tkrbk bstrdjtkobgtb dgjagsjdbgtb,  prbjdsk rbjursas. T bstas sb k`qudbrbg bg bstk`a `b jagsjdbgjdk. ^bra ga gas kgtdjdpboas.  

Hdfbrtk` y jrbktdvd`k`   Lb prbsbgtk`a yk `as prubfks jagtug`bgtbs `b qub hk jrbktdvd`k` bs dglbrbgtb k hk gkturkhbzk luokgk= uga, hk gbjbsd`k` vdtkh `b jagbjtkr jag bh bxtbrdar pkrk supbrkr bh kdshkodbgta y, `as, hk prapdb`k` gburagkh `b jagbjtkr d`bks pkrk qub k`qudbrkg jalbrbgjdk (jag bh luoar jaoa bmbopha `b qub sahujdagkr bs tkrbk jksd dgvahugtkrdk, kutaoëtdjk y bspagtëgbk). ^asdfhbobgtb bstks `as sbkg prubfks suidjdbgtbs pkrk jagvbgjbrgas `b qub hk

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jrbktdvd`k` bs pkrtb dgsashkykfhb `bh sbr luokga. ^bra pbroïtkgob kpartkr ugk oës. ^krk bhha, dgtra`uzjkoas bstk jubstdúg= ±par quä has sbrbs gas prbeugtkoas bh parquä `b hks jasks1 (vkhek hk rb`ug`kgjdk). Has kgdokhbs ga bxpbrdobgtkg tkh gbjbsd`k`. Hk trkgsiarokjdúg qub bvbgtukhobgtb rbkhdjbg `b su bgtarga, dgjhusa sdbg`a khtkobgtb jrbktdvk ‐par bmbopha, has pëmkras jagstruybg gd`as pkrk jafdmkrsb, a has jkstarbs jagstruybg prbsks bg bh rïa pkrk  pbsjkr…‐, pravdbgb `b sus gbjbsd`k`bs `b supbrvdvbgjdk supbrvdv bgjdk y iaroks `b khdobgtkjdúg y vd`k, dgsjrdtks bg su dgstdgta y K@G. Jukg`a ug pëmkra jagstruyb ug gd`a jag pbqubûks rkoks su jrbkjdúg bs dgstdgtdvk. Bs ug lëfdta k`qudrd`a y rbpbtdtdva. Ga bs ugk jrbkjdúg jaopkrkfhb k hk `bh sbr  luokga jukg`a utdhdzk bsks odsoks rkoks pkrk jrbkr ugk bsjuhturk a `bsjufrdr qub, iratk`ks bgtrb sï, pub`bg pra`ujdr iubea. Bg bh sbr luokga lky khea oës. Ga rbpra`ujdoas ug pktrúg kprbg`d`a a dgsjrdta bg gubstrk gkturkhbzk. Dgvbgtkoas  pktragbs k pkrtdr `b hk jurdasd`k`, hk `u`k, hk prubfk prub fk y bh brrar, hk ku`kjdk. Bstb kiëg par bgjagtrkr pravdbgb `bh dgjagiarodsoa y hk dgsktdsikjjdúg. T saoas rbfbh`bs parqub kspdrkoas k hk hdfbrtk`. Bsk bs gubstrk gkturkhbzk. Bs jaophbma `btbrodgkr sd gubstrk dgtbhdebgjdk gas oubvb k khtbrkr gubstra bgtarga a sd sag bh dgjagiarodsoa y bh kgsdk `b hdfbrkjdúg has qub afhdekg k gubstrk dgtbhdebgjdk k `bskrrahhkrsb pkrk `kr skhd`k k tkhbs puhsdagbs. ±[uä bs prdobra, bh lubva a hk ekhhdgk1 ^rafkfhbobgtb ugk jask vkyk ksajdk`k k hk atrk. Hk gbjbsd`k` `btbrodgk bh kspbjta qub k`qudbrbg has sbrbs vdvas. @krwdg bstkfk bg ha jdbrta. Hk bvahujdúg bs bxphdjktdvk. Bh btbrga dgjagiarodsoa `bh sbr luokga, gubstrk jagtdguk dgsktdsikjjdúg ‐qub gas kyu`k tkgta k praerbskr pbra qub, k su vbz, gas jag`bgk k gugjk bgjagtrkr hk  phbgk ibhdjd`k`‐, bs sdg `u`k uga `b has oatarbs `b gubstrk dgskjdkfhb jurdasd`k`. as prbeugtkoas bh parquä `b hks jasks parqub saoas sbrbs dgjagiarodstks b dgsktdsibjlas. Hujlkoas jagtrk hk `u`k, jagtrk ha qub ga pa`boas jaoprbg`br y qubrboas ksdodhkr. Jaoprbg`br bs `aodgkr. Bsa gas jag`ujb k atra rksea iug`kobgtkh qub jkrkjtbrdzk kh sbr luokga. Zu hdfbrtk`. Bh laofrb gbjbsdtk sbr y sbgtdrsb hdfrb. Zdg hdfbrtk` ga gas rbkhdzkoas  phbgkobgtb. T sbr hdfrbs supagb `bsbofkrkzkrgas, dg`bpbg`dzkrgas `b hks hdodtkjdagbs qub dopagb bh bgtarga, bh oug`a tkh jukh bs, bg `bidgdtdvk. Rg kgdokh kjbptk bh oug`a qub ha ra`bk tkh jaoa bs. T ta`a ha oës sb hdodtkrë k oa`didjkrha `b kjubr`a jag ugks gbjbsd`k`bs fësdjks y gkturkhbs `b supbrvdvbgjdk, dgsjrdtks bg su K@G. Bh laofrb, par bh jagtrkrda, prbjdsk`a `b ugk hdfbrtk` vdtkh, fusjkrë ga saha

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k`kptkrsb kh oug`a, sdga jaoprbg`brha, `aodgkrha, trkgsiarokrha. «T has fbg`dma @das, y hbs `dma= ‘Irujtdidjk` y ouhtdphdjkas3 hhbgk` hk tdbrrk, y samuzek`hk, y sbûarbk` bg has pbjbs `bh okr, bg hks kvbs `b has jdbhas, y bg ta`ks hks  fbstdks qub sb oubvbg safrb hk tdbrrk‟.³ (Eägbsds ;, 6>4 ob dgvdtkrag k dopkrtdr ugk jagibrbgjdk safrb jrbktdvd`k` b dggavkjdúg bg Vaok. Hk oumbr qub dgtra`uma bh kjta, ugk mavbg `b ugas trbdgtk y  pajas kûas `b`djk`k kh oug`a `b hk boprbsk, `dma kh prbsbgtkr prbsbgt kr od pagbgjdk=   Pbgea bspbjdkh dgtbräs bg aïr hk jagibrbgjdk `bh praibsar Prïks `b Fbs parqub ya say jbra jrbktdvk. @bs`b qub vd hk pbhïjuhk Kok`bus, ob `d jubgtk `b qub gugjk pa`rïk sbrha. Prdks `b Fbs sastdbgb qub ta`as saoas jrbktdvas `bs`b bh gkjdodbgta, ksï qub bstay kgsdask par jagajbr sus kreuobgtas.

  Bh jaobgtkrda ob pra`uma ugk erkg doprbsdúg. Ta brk yk jagsjdbgtb `b qub oujlk ebgtb sb sdbgtb paja jrbktdvk y, `b lbjla, brk khea qub dfk k bxphdjkr `urkgtb od jagibrbgjdk. ^bra gugjk ha lkfïk aï`a `bjdr k gk`db tkg kfdbrtkobgtb, jag tkh jagtug`bgjdk y, obgas kýg, bg pýfhdja. Kqubhhk oumbr dtkhdkgk lkfïk hhbek`a yk, `bs`b lkjïk tdbopa, k hk jaophbtk jagvdjjdúg `b qub bg bhhk hk jrbktdvd`k` ga brk  pasdfhb. ±@úg`b bstkfk hk jrbktdvd`k` dggktk k hk qub lboas lbjla rbibrbgjdk1 ±[udäg hk lkfïk `bspamk`a `b ugk ikjuhtk` dglbrbgtb k su jag`djdúg luokgk1 ±Júoa lkfïk hhbek`a tkh jrbbgjdk1 T, ha oësk dopartkgtb, quä1 ^krk krbspag`br, vahvkoas hk pbhïjuhk ±par  Kok`bus, `bh `drbjtar `b jdgb Odhas Iarokg. Pkofdäg jkusú bg oï ugk praiug`k jagoajdúg. Oazkrt bstkfk ‐y bstë‐  bgtrb ods jaopasdtarbs prb`dhbjtas. @bs`b qub hbï hk doprbsdagkgtb y bxtbgsk  fdaerkiïk `bh jaopasdtar kustrïkja, afrk `b Mbkg y Frdedttb Okssdg, qub`ä `bshuofrk`a jag hk ideurk `b Oazkrt, y ta`kvïk ha bstay. Zu prbjajd`k`, su ibjug`d`k` ousdjkh, su doprbsdagkgtb oboardk, hk fbhhbzk `b ta`ks y jk`k ugk `b sus jaopasdjdagbs sdg bxjbpjdúg… Pa`a jrbk`ar tdbgb afrks obmarbs y pbarbs. Oazkrt bs `dstdgta. Pa`ks sus jrbkjdagbs razkg ha sufhdob. Hk pbhïjuhk bg jubstdúg gkrrk hk vd`k `b Oazkrt k pkrtdr `bh qub iub uga `b sus oëxdoas rdvkhbs, bh jaopasdtar Kgtagda Zkhdbrd. Has jbhas y hk bgvd`dk sb vkg kpa`brkg`a `b Zkhdbrd k ob`d`k qub sb `k jubgtk `b qub Oazkrt bs ug ebgda y `b qub

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gugjk pa`rë deukhkrha. Zkfb qub @das a hk Gkturkhbzk lk jagjb`d`a k Oazkrt ug `ag bspbjdkh qub äh ga pasbb. Bh idgkh `bh idhob bs doprbsdagkgtb. Zkhdbrd, yk bgtrk`a bg kûas, bstë bgjbrrk`a bg ug skgktarda obgtkh, jagsuod`a par su prapdk drk, jksd bghaqubjd`a. Bg hk ýhtdok sbjubgjdk, ug jbhk`ar ha jag`ujb bg su sdhhk `b rub`ks k ha hkrea `b has pksdhhas `bh skgktarda, phkek`as `b pbrsagks pbrturfk`ks. Zkhdbrd vk  fbg`djdbg`a k has bgibroas obgtkhbs obgt khbs odbgtrks hbs `djb= «Ob`dajrbs `bh oug`a, ya as kfsubhva, ya as kfsubhva³. Odhas Iarokg rbkhdzk bsk taok jag bh kjtar Ourrky Kfrklko, qub bgjkrgk k Zkhdbrd, odrkg`a k jëokrk, bg ug trkvbhhdge   lkjdk ktrës. Hk sbgskjdúg `bs`b hk phktbk bs qub gas bstë fbg`djdbg`a k ta`as has bspbjtk`arbs. Gas odrk y gas fbg`djb pkrk bxdodrgas `b gubstrk ob`dajrd`k` jrbktdvk, bg jaopkrkjdúg jag hk ebgdkhd`k` `b Oazkrt. @boahb`ar. Bstk bsjbgk bs ugk pbqubûk oubstrk `b hk ikhsk y bxtbg`d`k jrbbgjdk `b qub hk jrbktdvd`k` bs tbrrdtarda rbsbrvk`a k ugas pajas. Oujlas sag qudbgbs pdbgskg ksï=   Pa`as has ebgdas sag jrbktdvas. Ta ga say ug ebgda. Ta ga say jrbktdva.

  Bstb sdhaedsoa pa`rïk sbr jdbrta sd ga iubrk parqub khfbrek bg su prbodsk `b pkrtd`k ugk trkopk. Pa`as has ebgdas sag jrbktdvas, jdbrta. ^bra ga ta`as has jrbktdvas sag ebgdas. Zb pub`b sbr jrbktdva sdg gbjbsd`k` `b sbr ebgdkh. ^bra bh `kûa yk bstë lbjla. Zag oujlas qudbgbs, jaoa kqubhhk oumbr qub jagajï bg Vaok, lkg dgtbrdardzk`a ugk jrbbgjdk kutahdodtkgtb `b hk qub jubstk bsiubrza `bsbofkrkzkrsb y qub dglkfdhdtk pkrk `bsphbekr hk jrbktdvd`k`, sbk jukh sbk. Jaoa bh krpk `b Fäjqubr, bsk jrbktdvd`k` bspbrkrë `arod`k bg bh ëgeuha asjura `bh skhúg. T `arod`k sb pub`b qub`kr pkrk sdboprb sd kheudbg ga kjtýk. ^bra rbspag`koas k hk jubstdúg. ±[udäg trkgsiarok y júoa ugk ikjuhtk` dggktk bg ugk ikjuhtk` pbr`d`k1 Bgtrkoas bg ha qub ob eustk `bgaodgkr «dgldfd`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`³. ±[uä bs ug dgldfd`ar jrbktdva1 Bs ug ikjtar qub dopd`b qub ugk pbrsagk khjkgjb ug gdvbh garokh a bstëg`kr `b jrbktdvd`k`. Jukg`a `bjdoas «garokh a bstëg`kr³ ga skfboas bg rbkhd`k` `b juëgtk jrbktdvd`k` sb trktk. Bs ug jagjbpta tbúrdja. Gas rbibrdoas kh gdvbh `b jrbktdvd`k` qub tbg`rïk ugk pbrsagk ga fhaqubk`k par kheýg tdpa `b dgldfd`ar. ^ar pksdvk sb bgtdbg`b oujla obmar= ug dgldfd`ar bs ug ikjtar qub sdtýk gubstra gdvbh pasdfhb `b jrbktdvd`k`

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 par `bfkma `bh uofrkh qub tbg`rïk bg jksa `b ga bxdstdr tkh dgldfd`ar. Bh `dkerkok sdeudbgtb bs ouy jhkra. Ksuodbg`a qub bxdstdbsb bg jk`k pbrsagk ug gdvbh `b jrbktdvd`k` garokh, bh dgldfd`ar bs kqubh ikjtar, dgtbrga a bxtbrga, qub ha sdtýk par  `bfkma `b tkh gdvbh.  

Bh jagajdodbgta y hk jaoprbgsdúg `b bstas dgldfd`arbs bs bsbgjdkh, pubs hk rbjagqudstk `b hk jrbktdvd`k` lkrë prbjdsa hdfbrkrgas tatkh a pkrjdkhobgtb `b has odsoas. Has dgldfd`arbs qub jagsd`bra oës rbhbvkgtbs sag has `dbz sdeudbgtbs= hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk, bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg, hk bidjdbgjdk `b has pratajahas, hk iubrzk `b has oa`bhas, hk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k`, bh pbsa `b hk húedjk, bh sdstbok b`ujktdva, bh odb`a kh brrar, hk gbekjdúg prapdk y hk kusbgjdk `b ug oäta`a. Ybëoashas uga par uga. Bh prdobr dgldfd`ar jrbktdva bs…  

Hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk   Jaoa hk pbhïjuhk `b  Kok`bus, hk sajdb`k` lk d`a bqudpkrkg`a jrbktdvd`k` k ebgdkhd`k` y ebgdkhd`k` k bxjbhbgjdk jrbktdvk. A bh rbsuhtk`a `b ug kjta jrbktdva khjkgzk ug bhbvk`a gdvbh `b bxjbhbgjdk a ga ha jagsd`brkoas jrbktdva. Bsta bs ksï

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tkgta bg bh krtb jaoa bg hk jdbgjdk a bg hk jrbktdvd`k` kphdjk`k k ugk `dsjdphdgk jukhqudbrk. Hk afrk jrbktdvk bxjbhsk pkrbjb ksbeurkr k su kutar bh vdsk`a k hk btbrgd`k`. Bh `bpartdstk qub fktb ta`ks hks okrjks3 bh bsjrdtar qub bg jaophbtk sahb`k` bsjrdfb ug hdfra qub jruzk iragtbrks y vbgjb bh pksa `bh tdbopa3 bh jdbgtïidja qub, sdg kyu`k bxtbrgk, lkhhk hk vkjugk pkrk tkh a jukh bgibrob`k`3 bh bxphark`ar qub `bsjufrb ugk tuofk bedpjdk. Gbjbsdtkoas, qubrboas lärabs dg`dvd`ukhbs. K hk sajdb`k` oa`brgk hk sb`ujbg hks `bshuofrkgtbs ldstardks `b äxdta pbrsagkh. Has lkhhkzeas, has erkg`bs `bsjufrdodbgtas, hks ebstks, has räjar`s, hks afrks `b krtb khkfk`ks par bh oug`a bgtbra. ±^ar quä1 Vahha Oky bsjrdfdú ug hdfra juya bhajubgtb tïtuha rbspag`b `drbjtkobgtb k par quä gbjbsdtkoas lärabs=  Hk gbjbsd`k` `bh odta. Bh laofrb oa`brga sb lk d`a `bspamkg`a `b has odtas qub jag`djdagkrag sus jrbbgjdks `urkgtb sdehas (par bmbopha, qub hk Pdbrrk bs phkgk y bstë sastbgd`k par ugk tartuek edekgtb, a qub bh Zah bs ug `das). K ob`d`k qub has jdbgtïidjas lkg bxphdjk`a has ibgúobgas `bh oug`a, lboas d`a sustdtuybg`a odtas par jagajdodbgta. Bh prafhbok bs qub pa`boas `bsbofkrkzkrgas `b has odtas, pbra ga `b su gbjbsd`k`. Ksï qub, sbgjdhhkobgtb, lboas rbbophkzk`a has sbrbs safrbgkturkhbs par  sbrbs luokgas. Has odtas oa`brgas sag tbrrbgkhbs. T jaoa ga pa`boas odtdidjkr k qudbg gk`k bxtrkar`dgkrda rbkhdzk, ga bs `b bxtrkûkr qub lkykoas bgjagtrk`a bg has ebgdas jrbktdvas k qudbgbs odtdidjkr. Lboas sustdtud`a k ]bus par Fbbtlavbg y k Kira`dtk par Jurdb, par bmbopha. Hk Dhustrkjdúg pusa k hk rkzúg y kh laofrb bg bh huekr `b has `dasbs. @bs`b bgtagjbs, bg`daskoas pbrsagks. Bstb rbjagajdodbgta bs bspbjdkhobgtb sagara sd bh haera bs iruta `b ugk kjjdúg dg`dvd`ukh. Bh odta rbqudbrb dg`dvd`uas, ga erupas `b dg`dvd`uas. Odtdidjkoas sbrbs, ga tbrrdtardas a erupas `b pbrsagks. Ztbvb Mafs bs bh odta, ga Kpphb. Fkjl bs bh odta, ga hk oýsdjk khbokgk. Hk odtdidjkjdúg `b has ebgdas jrbktdvas lk `bsbofajk`a bg ugk pbrgdjdask `biarokjdúg `bh kutägtdja sdegdidjk`a `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Hb lk jagjb`d`a bh rkgea `b bxjbhbgjdk. Zd ga lky `bshuofrkodbgta ga lky jrbktdvd`k`. Lk `b lkfbr avkjdúg jbrrk`k, iksjdgkjdúg `b hk ku`dbgjdk, frdhha par bgjdok `b hks `boës jrbkjdagbs, jagoajdúg `bh pýfhdja, afgufdhkjdúg `bh jhdbgtb. Zd ga bs ksï, `bjdoas qub ga lky jrbktdvd`k`. Pkg saha ugk d`bk u afrk ob`dajrb. Pkh jrbbgjdk sb lk d`a `dsbodgkg`a bg gubstrk juhturk. Has lärabs `b hk jrbktdvd`k` rbfkmkg kh rbsta `b has oartkhbs k hk jag`djdúg `b sah`k`as rksas, sdg pbgk gd ehardk,

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sdg lkzkûk prafk`k gd ob`khhk dopubstk qub jbrtdidqub su jrbktdvd`k`. Hk bxjbhbgjdk sb jagvdbrtb bg ugk pbsk`k jkrek qub `bskgdok y kjaophbmk k qudbgbs ga pasbboas bh tkhbgta `b Oazkrt, Fkjl, @k Ydgjd, Odeubh Ëgebh a B`dsag. A sbk, k jksd ta`a bh rbsta `b has oartkhbs. Zb kpa`brk `b gasatras bstb tbrrdfhb sdhaedsoa= «@k`a qub ods pra`ujtas jrbktdvas ga khjkgzkrëg gugjk hk ehardk, ga tdbgb sbgtd`a `b`djkr tdbopa y bsiubrza k hk jrbktdvd`k`³. Hk bxjbhbgjdk sb lk jagvbrtd`a, `b bstb oa`a, bg ug dopartkgtb dgldfd`ar. Ga `bsphdbea gd bmbrjdta od jrbktdvd`k` parqub gugjk sbrä bxjbhsa. Bg bsa jagsdstb ha qub `bgaodga «hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk³. Ykoas jag bh sbeug`a dgldfd`ar, qub bs…  

Bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg   Bh laofrb bs ug kgdokh sajdkh. Pdbgb ugk tbg`bgjdk gkturkh k vdvdr bg sajdb`k`, kh dgtbrjkofda, k pbrtbgbjbr k ug jhkg, trdfu, tbrrdtarda a pkïs. Idmäoagas bg qub bsta sb `k bg oujlks `dobgsdagbs. Bg hk vbrtdbgtb bjagúodjk, par bmbopha, K`ko Zodtl `boastrú qub bh sbr luokga tdbgb ugk tbg`bgjdk gkturkh kh dgtbrjkofda. Ykykoas k has dgdjdas `b ugk gubvk vd`k. Bh gdûa gkjb bg bh sbga `b ugk ikodhdk. Bsk bs su prdobrk «sajdb`k`³, su prdobr jïrjuha. Bg bsb ëofdta rbstrdged`a bh gdûa sb jaopartk kh prdgjdpda jag bspagtkgbd`k`. Pkgtk, qub razk k vbjbs hk tdrkgïk. Zu ok`rb, su pk`rb, sus b`ujk`arbs drëg jarrdedbg`a y puhdbg`a jukgta sbk gbjbskrda  pkrk qub q ub bsb dgikgtb sb `bsbgvubhvk `b sbgvubhvk `b iarok iar ok jarrbjtk jarrbjt k bg jksk y hubea bg su bsjubhk, su fkrrda… Bg `bidgdtdvk, pkrk qub sb dgtberb bg hk sajdb`k`, pkrk sbr kjbptk`a sajdkhobgtb. Bstk dgtberkjdúg bg hk sajdb`k` sb oktbrdkhdzk bg garoks. Bstks garoks ga sag idmks. Bvahujdagkg k ha hkrea `bh tdbopa y vkrïkg sbeýg bh huekr. ^ar bmbopha, bg hk juhturk ërkfb has laofrbs sb skhu`kg fbsëg`asb y bg hk burapbk ga. Pa`a pa`rïk sbr  `b atra oa`a. Ha rbhktdva, sdg bofkrea, hk sajdb`k` ha jagvdbrtb bg kfsahuta. ^a`boas `bidgdr hk garok sajdkh jaoa hk kfsahutdzkjdúg `b ugk rbhktdvd`k`. Bh gdûa `bfbrë ksdodhkr ugk sbrdb `b garoks b dgtberkrhks bg su jaopartkodbgta. Ksdodsoa, `bfbrë irbgkr sus dgstdgtas, saobtbrhas k hk húedjk sajdkh, k hks rbstrdjjdagbs qub bgtrkûk vdvdr bg sajdb`k`. @bfbrë ksdodhkr y lkjbr prapdas has usas  jastuofrbs `b hk jaougd`k` bg hk qub vkyk jrbjdbg`a jaoa pbrsagk. ^krk aftbgbr 

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hk kprafkjdúg `b sus pk`rbs, `bfbrë kjtukr `b `btbrodgk`ks iaroks, rbpra`ujdr  `btbrodgk`as pktragbs. Ksdodhkrë b dgjarparkrë prbjbptas garoktdvas.  Ga ob rbidbra ýgdjkobgtb k iaroks y jastuofrbs sajdkhbs, sdga k ta`a ha qub ugk sajdb`k` `bsphdbek k ha hkrea `b su ldstardk. Bh hbgeukmb, bh d`daok, has bstdhas, su krtb, has eustas, hks prbibrbgjdks… Pa`a bhha drë kjatkg`a has dopuhsas dgtbrdarbs y hk  pbrjbpjdúg `bh gdûa. Jukg`a adek k sus okyarbs ksaofrkrsb kgtb ug bstdha krqudtbjtúgdja, k sus praibsarbs bxkhtkr `btbrodgk`a bstdha hdtbrkrda, k sus lbrokgas `bhbdtkrsb jag jdbrtk oýsdjk, sdg `krsb jubgtk, drë tkofdäg kprbjdëg`ahas. Zu eusta, sus jrdtbrdas, sus pktragbs, bg `bidgdtdvk, qub`krëg drrbob`dkfhbobgtb jag`djdagk`as  par su bgtarga sajdkh y sbrëg, bg erkg ob`d`k, has `b sus jageägbrbs oës prúxdoas. Hk garok drë kjatkg`a su hdfbrtk`, `bhdodtëg`ahk bg kheugas jksas y jag`djdagëg`ahk bg atras. ±Bs bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg ug dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`1 Ga `b iarok `drbjtk. Ha qub kjtýk jaoa dgldfd`ar bs hk `bpbg`bgjdk qub sb vk ksbgtkg`a bg bh gdûa rbspbjta k ug bgtarga prbjbptdva. Hks jagtdguk`ks dopasdjdagbs sajdkhbs kjtýkg jaoa ugk eatk `b keuk hbgtk y pbrsdstbgtb qub bg ugk jubvk vk iarokg`a jag bh pksa `b has sdehas ugk bstkhkeodtk. Bg bh gdûa sb drë kgjhkg`a, paja k paja, bstk jrbbgjdk= «Lky ugk iarok kprapdk`k a  prbibrd`k y atrk dgkprapdk`k `b lkjbr hks jasks. T hk jarrbjtk ob hk dg`djkg ods ideurks `b kutard`k`³. Zu hdfbrtk` pbrsagkh `bfbrë rbkhdzkrsb `bgtra `b has hïodtbs sajdkhbs. T hk hdfbrtk`, jaoa lboas vdsta, bs ‐mugta jag hk bxdstbgjdk y hk dgtbhdebgjdk‐ uga `b has pdhkrbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Hdodtk`k hk hdfbrtk`, hdodtk`k hk jrbktdvd`k`. Bg jagjhusdúg, ga ob rbidbra tkgta k qub hk sajdb`k` dgldfb (qub tkofdäg) jaoa k qub bh gbjbskrda prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg dofuyb k hk pbrsagk `b ug jrdtbrda `b jarrbjjdúg b dgjarrbjjdúg qub, klark sï, lkjb bxtbgsdfhbs k atras jkopas `b kjtukjdúg, jaoa bs hk jrbktdvd`k`. Zb pra`ujb, par tkgta, ug `bsphkzkodbgta `b ugk kjtdtu`, gbjbskrdk pkrk dgsbrtkrsb bg sajdb`k`, qub sb bxtdbg`b k atras `aodgdas, jaoa bh `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Bsa bxphdjkrïk par quä hks sajdb`k`bs oës rïed`ks a garoktdvks sag tkofdäg obgas jrbktdvks. Hk juhturk ebrokgk, par bmbopha, bs oujla oës obtú`djk y obgas jrbktdvk qub hk ob`dtbrrëgbk, qub bs oës hkxk, pbrodsdvk y kfdbrtk bg hks jastuofrbs sajdkhbs. ^ar supubsta, bstb dgldfd`ar `bpbg`brë bg erkg ob`d`k tkofdäg `bh pbridh  psdjahúedja `b jk`k dg`dvd`ua. Kheugks pbrsagks pub`bg vdvdr bh rbjlkza sajdkh sdg kgeustdk. Zdg bofkrea, lky ebgtb jag ugk erkg gbjbsd`k` `b kjbptkjdúg bxtbrgk sdg hk

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jukh pk`bjb safrbokgbrk. Bg hk iarod`kfhb b ldhkrkgtb pbhïjuhk  ]bhde ,  `b Uaa`y Khhbg, ksdstdoas k hk ldstardk `b ug laofrb hhkok`a Hbagkr` ]bhde qub, vïjtdok  pktahúedjk `b ugk praiug`k gbjbsd`k` `b kjbptkjdúg, oa`didjk su kpkrdbgjdk bxtbrgk, jaoa sd `b ug jkokhbúg sb trktksb, bg iugjdúg `b jag qudäg bstë. Zd bstë bgtrb gberas, su tbz sb asjurbjb y sb jaopartk jaoa ug laofrb `b jahar. Zd bstë bgtrb dg`das, su  pdbh sb bgrambjb y sus amas sb kjldgkg. Zd bstë bgtrb oä`djas, sb jaopartk y oubvb jaoa ug ekhbga… Ga saha su jaopartkodbgta y su pbrsagkhd`k` sb trkgsiarokg, sdga qub tkofdäg ha lkjb su kspbjta iïsdja jag tkh `b sbr kjbptk`a. Hk pbhïjuhk bs, jaoa `bjïk, ldhkrkgtb y iarod`kfhb. Zb trktk `b ugk bxkebrkjdúg, `b ug hïodtb pktahúedja b ldstrdúgdja. ]bhde rbprbsbgtkrïk bh gdvbh `b dgldfdjdúg qub ugk gbjbsd`k` kprbodkgtb y bgibrodzk `b dgtberkjdúg sajdkh bs jkpkz `b pra`ujdr. Kheudbg pa`rïk afmbtkr ha jagtrkrda= hk gbjbsd`k` `b kjbptkjdúg `bh pbrsagkmb Hbagkr` ]bhde ha hhbvk k sbr ouy jrbktdva, pubs haerk k`kptkrsb k ugk jagvbrskjdúg bgtrb oä`djas, gberas, eëgestbrbs, dg`das a bgtrb sb trktb `b qudbgbs sb trktb. Ga bs ksï. Hk jrbktdvd`k` `b ]bhde ga bs hdfrb. Bstë jag`djdagk`k kh jdbg par jdbg par su bgtarga. ^ar hk trdfu qub bg kqubh prbjdsa oaobgta ha ra`bk. Bs ugk kjtdvd`k` tatkhobgtb jag`djdagk`k, supb`dtk`k par jaophbta. Ga bs jrbktdvd`k`, bs dodtkjdúg, kfsarjdúg `bh bgtarga, `bs`dfumkodbgta `b hk d`bgtd`k`. Bs ug prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg hhbvk`a k ug hïodtb bxtrboa. Bh tbrjbr dgldfd`ar bs…  

Hk bidjdbgjdk `b has pratajahas   Lky iaroks `b lkjbr qub praparjdagkg sbeurd`k`, bidjdbgjdk, bidjkjdk. K`boës `b lkfbrhks k`aptk`a bgtrb ta`as, sag afmbtdvkobgtb iugjdagkhbs. Hks `bgaodga  pratajahas, garoktdvks qub ksbeurkg hk bidjdbgjdk `b hk sajdb`k`= par bmbopha, hk obmar iarok `b kpkrjkr ug vblïjuha, `b jagvajkr ugk idbstk, bh oa`a oës bidjkz `b taokr ugk `bjdsdúg bgtrb vbjdgas. T ksï ug hkrea btjätbrk. Jaopartkrsb krfdtrkrdkobgtb bg bstb tdpa `b sdtukjdagbs y ëofdtas dophdjkrïk ug rdbsea (dgjhusa k vbjbs ug rdbsea pkrk hk dgtberd`k` iïsdjk). Ha prafkrä jag ug saha bmbopha= «K hk sajdb`k` ga hb jagvdbgb qub kheudbg jrujb hk jkhhb `b iarok jrbktdvk³. Kquï dgjhudoas tkofdäg hk täjgdjk. Lky iaroks qub yk sb lkg `boastrk`a bidjdbgtbs `b krrbehkr ug erdia a `b jkofdkr hk fumïk `b ug kutaoúvdh. Bg su hdfra ±Bxdstb ugk larodek `b sbds pdsas1 , Dvkg Ekvrdhaii y Fruga Mkrrassag d`bgtdidjkg hk

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 pbrdjdk jaoa uga `b has afstëjuhas k hk jrbktdvd`k`. Jukg`a ug dgstkhk`ar lk jagstktk`a yk dgguobrkfhbs vbjbs qub bh sdstbok qub bophbk pkrk krrbehkr ug bsjkpb `b keuk bs ýtdh, `diïjdhobgtb prafkrë uga `dstdgta. Zu prapdk pbrdjdk sb jagvdbrtb bg ug dgldfd`ar `b su jrbktdvd`k`. ^ar supubsta, kheudbg pa`rë `bjdr qub, `k`a qub bsb pratajaha pkrk kjkfkr jag bh bsjkpb `b keuk bs  fubga, ga lkfïk kquï ugk gbjbsd`k` jrbktdvk. Zï y ga. Zdboprb pub`b lkfbr ugk sahujdúg obmar. T, bg jukhqudbr jksa, ha qub gas dgtbrbsk kquï bs hhkokr hk ktbgjdúg kjbrjk `bh jkrëjtbr hdodtkgtb `b has pratajahas k`qudrd`as pkrk `btbrodgk`ks iugjdagbs, tkgta täjgdjks jaoa `b jagvdvbgjdk. ^rafkfhbobgtb, bh pkrk`deok `bh pratajaha sbk bh `b has pdhatas `b hïgbks kärbks jaobrjdkhbs. Bsta qub bxphdja bs jaophbtkobgtb vbrï`dja. Bg jdbrtk ajksdúg, hb  prbeugtä k ug kodea pdhata quä lkrïk bg jksa `b qub bg phbga vubha jaobrjdkh sb `btuvdbsbg has oatarbs. Zu rbspubstk iub= «^rdobra bxjhkokrïk= ¡Ob jkea bg…! T hubea, trks lkfbrob `bsklaek`a, ob sbrbgkrïk, taokrïk bh okgukh `bh pdhata pkrk dr  lkjdbg`a, pksa k pksa, ha qub bspbjdidjkrk bh pratajaha³. «¡±Júoa1!³, bxjhkoä ya.  Ga pa`ïk jrbbr qub bg ugk sdtukjdúg `b tkh bobrebgjdk lufdbrk qub sbeudr ug okgukh `b dgstrujjdagbs, jaoa qudbg oagtk ug mueubtb a ug oubfhb `b DCBK. «Zï ‐ob rbspag`dú bh pdhata‐, sbrïk jagtrkpra`ujbgtb dopravdskr. Lky ug  pratajaha bspbjïidja k sbeudr, qub bs bh qub ksbeurk sahvbgtkr `b hk iarok oës bidjdbgtb pasdfhb hk sdtukjdúg. Zd ya ob pagea k prafkr jasks par od jubgtk, bs pasdfhb qub lkek khea dg`bfd`a. Bs obmar sbeudr has pksas dg`djk`as bg bh okgukh. Bstë jaoprafk`a qub bs hk sbjubgjdk oës bidjkz pkrk sahvbgtkr hk dgjd`bgjdk.³ Bstb bmbopha rbkh bs ouy rbvbhk`ar `b júoa prbibrdoas pratajahas prafk`as kgtbs qub sahujdagbs jrbktdvks juyks fagkgzks y vdrtu`bs ga lkg sd`a prbvdkobgtb `boastrk`ks. Bh odsoa jksa `bs`b hk úptdjk apubstk= dokedgb qub ustb` sb bgjubgtrk k far`a `b ug kvdúg qub bstë k pugta `b `bspbekr. Bh pdhata, jaoa subhbg lkjbr k vbjbs, taok bh odjrúiaga y `djb k has pkskmbras par obekiagïk= «Fubgas `ïks, hbs lkfhk bh jaokg`kgtb ^bhëbz. Hbs dgiaroa `b qub gubstra tdbopa bg rutk vk k sbr fubga, qub gas `krëg pdstk bg sbds odgutas, qub hk `urkjdúg bstdok`k `bh vubha sbrë `b ugk lark y jukrbgtk y jdgja odgutas, y qub say ug pdhata ouy, pbra qub ouy jrbktdva³. Kutaoëtdjkobgtb, skhtkrïkoas `b gubstras ksdbgtas y hb `drïkoas kh pdhata= «¡^ubs lay gk`k `b jrbktdvd`k`, qub bstay ya kquï sufd`a! ¡^agek bg prëjtdjk su jrbktdvd`k` atra `ïk y lay kphdqub bh pratajaha³.

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Has pratajahas ksbeurkg bidjdbgjdk y sbeurd`k` parqub sag sahujdagbs prafk`ks. Iubrag kpartkjdagbs jrbktdvks bg su `ïk, tdbopa ktrës, jukg`a kheudbg hks prapusa par  vbz prdobrk. Klark ga sag gavb`asks parqub yk bxdstbg, pbra sag sbeurks, bidjdbgtbs. Zbeurks pkrk jruzkr hk jkhhb, pkrk vahkr, pkrk pagbr ugk dgybjjdúg a pkrk k`odgdstrkr  ug ob`djkobgta.  Ga lkjb lkj b ikhtk ikht k qub pbgsboas hk obmar iarok `b prbpkrkr prbp krkr jdbrta jd brta phkta, ph kta, `b oagtkr ug oubfhb, `b dgstkhkr ug saitwkrb, `b rbdgdjdkr ugk doprbsark gd `b khtbrkr hk rutdgk `b ug kvdúg. Klï lky sdboprb ug pratajaha qub gas klarrkrë hk tkrbk. Has pratajahas ga saha sag bidjdbgtbs sdga qub gas supagbg ug erkg klarra `b tdbopa y `b «prubfk y brrar³. Ga lkrë ikhtk qub prafboas ta`ks hks khtbrgktdvks qub bspbjdkhdstks bg gubstra jkopa bgskykrag y `bsjkrtkrag prbvdkobgtb. Gas qub`koas k jag ha obmar `b ta`as sus bgskyas, jag ha qub sb skfb qub iugjdagk, sbk pkrk sahvbgtkr prafhboks täjgdjas, sbk pkrk qub hks jasks okrjlbg k`bjuk`kobgtb. Has pratajahas bgtrkûkg, jaoa vboas, dgguobrkfhbs vbgtkmks… bxjbpta pkrk ugk kjtdvd`k`= hk jrbktdvk. Bh pratajaha kjtýk jaoa ug dgldfd`ar. Hk pbrdjdk `bh iagtkgbra, su lkfdhd`k` prafk`k, dgldfdrë su vahugtk` `b bgskykr gubvks khtbrgktdvks. Hk afhdekjdúg qub tdbgb bh pdhata, sa ouhtk par dgirkjjdúg y bvbgtukh rbtdrk`k `b su hdjbgjdk `b vubha, `b sbeudr bh pratajaha drë iarmkg`a bg äh ugk rbtdjbgjdk k prafkr, k bxpbrdobgtkr. Zu bsobra `dkrda sb jagjbgtrkrë bg sbeudr ta`as has pksas qub sb hb dg`djkg, bg ga `bmkrsb gdgeugk jaoprafkjdúg `bh dgstruobgtkh `b hk kbragkvb bg bh oaobgta y hk sbjubgjdk qub bxdeb bh rbehkobgta. Pa`k su ktbgjdúg bstkrë pubstk bg lkjbr ha qub sb bspbrk `b äh. T ha odsoa pkrk ug apbrkrda bg ugk hïgbk `b oagtkmb a  pkrk ug k`odgdstrktdva jagtkfhb. jagtkfhb . Hks boprbsks, hks arekgdzkjdagbs ga qudbrbg ebgtb qub dgvbgtb iaroks `b lkjbr hks jasks, sdga qub lkek hks jasks `b iarok bidjdbgtb `b kjubr`a jag has sdstboks,  pratajahas y jrdtbrdas k`aptk`as. Bg hk okyarïk `b has trkfkmas juyk fksb ga bs `b jartb krtïstdja sb bxdeb k qudbgbs has rbkhdzkg sbeudr hks dgstrujjdagbs, ga dgvbgtkrhks a jubstdagkrhks. Bh bsiubrza `dkrda `b odhhagbs `b pbrsagks qub kju`bg jk`k `ïk k trkfkmkr sb `drdeb lkjdk ga brrkr  jagiarob k pktragbs y pratajahas bstkfhbjd`as. Bsb bopbûa bs bh qub kjtýk idgkhobgtb jaoa ug dgldfd`ar. Pkhbs sag bh bsiubrza y hk rutdgk bg lkjbr hks jasks jaoa sb gas dg`djk, tkh bs hk `bpbg`bgjdk `bh pratajaha, qub sb kjkfk pbr`dbg`a hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk. Vbsuobg `b has trbs dgldfd`arbs vdstas lkstk bstb oaobgta=  

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Dgldfd`ar

Bg quä jagsdstb bh dgldfd`ar

Iaroks `b hdfbrkrsb a patbgjdk`arbs

Hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk

Ksdodhkjdúg bgtrb ebgdkhd`k` y jrbktdvd`k`

^arqub ga gas vboas jkpkjbs `b ugk ebgdkhd`k` y `bsdstdoas `b jrbkr 

Bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg

K`apjdúg `b garoktdvks sajdkhbs y  prbjbptas `b jagvdvbgjdk

Kgjhk hk jrbbgjdk `b qub lky iaroks k`bjuk`ks `b lkjbr hks jasks y qub sag idmk`ks par atras3 rb`ujb bh jkopa `b kjjdúg `b hk hdfbrtk` jrbktdvk

Hk bidjdbgjdk `b has  pratajahas

K`apjdúg `b iaroks `b lkjbr par su Zb pbrjdfb krrdbsek`a jubstdagkr pratajahas qub iugjdagkg y sb bidjkjdk y bidjdbgjdk tdbg`b k kjbptkrhas sdg jubstdagkrhas

  Ykoas jag bh sdeudbgtb dgldfd`ar, qub bs…  

Hk iubrzk `b has oa`bhas   Kvkgjboas. Ykoas klark k sdtukrgas bg ug ëofdta oës pbrjbptukh. Bh lbjla `b qub gubstra jbrbfra rbkhdjb jagbxdagbs `b oa`a gkturkh, kutaoëtdjk, dgvahugtkrdk a iugjdagb ob`dkgtb dopuhsas quïodjas ga qudbrb `bjdr qub sahujdagkr prafhboks sbk khea khbktarda. Gubstrk obgtb `bfb fkskrsb bg khea, `bfb bsjaebr bgtrb odhbs `b  pasdfhbs jagbxdagbs. ±Júoa ha lkjb1 Rgk bstrktbedk `b gubstrk dgtbhdebgjdk bs sbhbjjdagkr kqubhhks jagbxdagbs qub sb k`bjýbg k pktragbs rbjagajdfhbs. Jaoa bxphdjk Masä Kgtagda Okrdgk bg  Hk dgtbhdeb dgtbhdebgjdk gjdk jrbk`ark, kprbg`boas k d`bgtdidjkr y rbjagajbr. Hk prdobrk vbz qub, `b gdûas, vboas ug ërfah, ha sbpkrkoas `bh rbsta `b hks jasks qub ha ra`bkg, ha d`bgtdidjkoas, y hk sdeudbgtb vbz qub vbkoas ug ërfah, gubstra jbrbfra ga tbg`rë qub rbpbtdr ta`a bh prajbsa `b ugdr ha qub hb bs  prapda (rkoks, lamks, tragja…) y sbpkrkrha `b ha kmbga (jdbha, kdrb, tdbrrk, gufbs…). Zbgjdhhkobgtb, bh jbrbfra bstkfhbjbrë ugk jagbxdúg, vbhaz b dgvahugtkrdk, y sbhbjjdagkrë hk dokebg prbvdk `bh ërfah qub pbrjdfdoas hk vbz kgtbrdar. Jaoa bh jagjbpta ërfah bstë yk bg gubstra krjldva `b oboardk, ha vkoas k rbjagajbr `b okgbrk kutaoëtdjk. Gubstrk obgtb fusjk jagtdgukobgtb pktragbs  pksk`as qub gas kyu`bg k `kr sbgtd`a k gubstrks pbrjbpjdagbs prbsbgtbs y iuturks. D`bgtdidjk y, kh odsoa tdbopa, trktk `b rbjagajbr. Rtdhdzkoas oa`bhas pkrk rbjagajbr has jagjbptas qub ykjbg bg has bstïouhas. Rg oa`bha  pa`rïk `bidgdrsb jaoa ug jagmugta `b bhbobgtas qub, krtdjuhk`as, jagiarokg ug jagjbpta. Rg jartk`a, par bmbopha, bs ug oa`bha. Jartk`a bs hk jaofdgkjdúg `b jkiä, hbjlb, tkzk, phkta, jujlkrk y kzujkrdhha. K`boës, prbpkrk`as jag ugk `btbrodgk`k sbjubgjdk

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 jahajk`as `b ugk iarok `btbrodgk`k. ^a`rïkoas `bidgdr tkofdäg oa`bha jaoa «bh jagmugta `b bhbobgtas qub kheudbg jaofdgú bg bh pksk`a `b ugk `btbrodgk`k iarok  pkrk qub atrks pbrsagks pu`därkoas utdhdzkrha utdhdzkrh a bg bh iutura³. Has oa`bhas sag trbobg`kobgtb bidjdbgtbs. Gas pbrodtbg lkjbr usa `b jrbkjdagbs kgtbrdarbs jag hk obrk obgjdúg `b ugk pkhkfrk. Zag ktkmas iarod`kfhbs. Dokedgboas qub jk`k vbz qub tuvdäsboas qub sahdjdtkr ug jartk`a, lufdärkoas `b `bjdr= «Jkokrbra, par ikvar, púgekob erkgas `b jkiä tastk`as, oahd`as y obzjhk`as jag keuk k khtk tbopbrkturk bg ug rbjdpdbgtb `b parjbhkgk, y kûk`k ug paja `b hbjlb ar`bûk`k `b vkjk, mugta jag kzýjkr `b jkûk `dspubsta bg ug safrbjdta `b pkpbh sdtuk`a kh hk`a `b ugk jujlkrdhhk `b kjbra dgaxd`kfhb³. Hk vd`k sbrïk ug tarobgta. Vbsuhtkrïk dopasdfhb kvkgzkr. Bg su huekr, `bjdoas= «Rg jartk`a, par ikvar³. T kutaoëtdjkobgtb bh jkokrbra skfb k hk pbribjjdúg ha qub qubrboas y sb pagb bg okrjlk. Jksd ta`a bg hk vd`k sag oa`bhas. Rg fahïerkia bs bh rbsuhtkgtb `b phëstdja, jkrtujla `b tdgtk y pugtk. Rg hëpdz bs hk jaofdgkjdúg `b ok`brk y erkidta. Dgjhusa bh hbgeukmb bstë jagstrud`a k fksb `b oa`bhas. Hks hbtrks rbprbsbgtkg sagd`as qub, jagvbgdbgtbobgtb ar`bgk`as, pra`ujbg pkhkfrks qub `bsdegkg jagjbptas, y jag bhhks jagstrudoas bgugjdk`as y prapasdjdagbs. Has oa`bhas, sbeýg hk hdtbrkturk, tkofdäg `bgaodgk`as sahujdagbs, jagjbptas a sdegdidjk`as, sag uga `b has bhbobgtas qub oës lkg lbjla kvkgzkr k hk luokgd`k`. Jaoa lb `djla, pbrodtbg utdhdzkr rbsuhtk`as jrbktdvas `bh pksk`a, ugdidjkg`a has bhbobgtas qub bgtrb sï sb jaofdgkrag jag rbsuhtk`as sktdsikjtardas. Zag, par ksï `bjdrha, krjldvas `b jagbxdagbs gburagkhbs qub rbsuhtkrag ýtdhbs k hk rkzk luokgk. Hk jagtrkpkrtd`k `b has oa`bhas ‐y `b klï su jkrëjtbr dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`  ‐ bs qub ga sahboas saobtbr k rbvdsdúg hks `dibrbgtbs pkrtbs qub jagideurkg bh oa`bha. Zbrïk ugk hajurk. Bg su ikfuhask gavbhk  Bh jurdasa dgjd`bgtb `bh pbrra k ob`dkgajlb, Okrc Lk``ag gkrrk hk vd`k `b ug k`ahbsjbgtb jag sdegas kutdstks. Kheugas gdûas kutdstks sb vubhvbg k vbjbs safrb sï odsoas, bspbjdkhobgtb jukg`a bstëg saobtd`as k ug bxjbsa `b bstïouhas. Zu obgtb ga bs jkpkz `b ar`bgkr ha qub pbrjdfb, `b kerupkrha bg jagjbptas, parqub `bsjaopagb jagtdgukobgtb hk rbkhd`k` bg pkrtbs a irkeobgtas. Bg uga `b has ýhtdoas pkskmbs `bh hdfra, jag tkh `b `bsjufrdr ug odstbrda qub ktkûb k su `bstdga, bh pratkeagdstk `bfb hhbekr lkstk ^djk`dhhy Jdrjus, bg bh jarkzúg `b Hag`rbs. @diïjdhobgtb pub`b jagjbfdrsb ug huekr oës skturk`a `b hujbs, `bstbhhas, ebgtb, khekrkfïk y rud`a, ug ktahhk`bra `b bstïouhas. Bh jldja kutdstk sb jahkpsk. @bfb, k

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rktas, rbjaebrsb safrb sï odsoa bg pasdjdúg ibtkh bg bh subha pkrk rbjupbrkr hk jkpkjd`k` `b sbeudr kvkgzkg`a. Ksï sbrïk tkofdäg gubstrk vd`k sd gubstrk obgtb, bg huekr `b rbjagajbr oa`bhas, sb `b`djkrk k `bsjaopagbrhas bg hks pkrtbs qub ha jaopagbg, k irkeobgtkr ta`a jukgta vboas (jaoa bh gdûa kutdstk `b hk gavbhk). Ga pa`rïkoas jkodgkr par hk jkhhb gd jagtbophkr ugk pubstk `b sah, ga pa`rïkoas gd sdqudbrk `drdedrgas k kheudbg. Gubstra jbrbfra d`bgtdidjk y rbjagajb (rb-jagajb, jagajb `b gubva). Ga sb `b`djk k «`bsjagajbr³, k «`bs-jaopagbr³. Hk obgtb luokgk ga bs `dvbrebgtb, sdga jagvbrebgtb. Fusjk rbjagajbr, ksdodhkr ha kprbg`d`a. Bs par bhha qub ga tbg`boas k saobtbr k rbvdsdúg has bhbobgtas qub jaopagbg ug oa`bha. ^krk pa`br vdvdr. Has oa`bhas, ksï pubs, sb vkg jagvdrtdbg`a bg ug dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Bsta bs ug jartk`a y gk`k oës qub ug jartk`a. Ga gas phkgtbkoas quä atrk jask pub`k sbr. T bsa bs ugk hdodtkjdúg k hk jrbktdvd`k`. Hk bxpbrdbgjdk, hks jagbxdagbs pksk`ks hdodtkrëg hks khtbrgktdvks `b hks jagbxdagbs sdeudbgtbs. Bs par bhha tkofdäg bg pkrtb qub, k ob`d`k qub jrbjboas y ok`urkoas, gubstrk jrbktdvd`k` `bjrbjb ‐ga ksï gubstrk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk, qub bstë dgtkjtk. ^a`rïkoas `bjdr qub has oa`bhas «pbskg³. Zb kvkgzk y sb vdvb rbjagajdbg`a oa`bhas, ga jubstdagëg`ahas.; Ykoas jag bh qudgta dgldfd`ar, qub bs…  

Hk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k`   Bh sbr luokga pbrjdfb `bs`b sus sbgtd`as y, par tkgta, ta`k pbrjbpjdúg tdbgb ug jaopagbgtb dggbekfhb `b sufmbtdvd`k`. Lky pbrsagks jag jkpkjd`k` `b pbrjdfdr hk rbkhd`k` oës afmbtdvkobgtb qub atrks, pbra gdgeugk pub`b sustrkbrsb k ugk okyar a obgar `asds `b sufmbtdvd`k`. @b ha jagtrkrda ga pa`rïkoas lkfhkr `b ug sumbta. Rgk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k` pub`b ardedgkrsb bg gasatras odsoas (ugk okhk bxpbrdbgjdk bg kvdúg ob hhbvk k pbgskr qub vdkmkr bg bstb ob`da `b trkgspartb bs dgjúoa`a) a lkfbr sd`a pravajk`k par bh bgtarga (hks gatdjdks dopkjtkgtbs `b ug kjjd`bgtb kärba gas hhbvkg k pbgskr qub vdkmkr bg kvdúg bs pbhderasa). Atra bmbopha sag has túpdjas qub ugk sajdb`k` a gkjdúg tdbgb `b sï odsok y `b hks `boës. Has ebrokgas sag ouy rkjdagkhbs (ya odsoa ha lb kidrok`a kgtbs). Has bspkûahbs sag khberbs. Has pahïtdjas sag jarruptas. Has idhúsaias sag saûk`arbs.

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Bh prafhbok `b hks pbrjbpjdagbs sbsek`ks `b hk rbkhd`k` bs qub degarkoas hk bxdstbgjdk `bh sbsea. Ha bxphdjkrä bstkfhbjdbg`a ugk kgkhaeïk jag ugks ekiks. [udbgbs  pk`bjboas kstdeoktdsoa, odapïk a ldpbrobtrapïk utdhdzkoas hbgtbs. Hks erk`ýk ug bspbjdkhdstk. Zkfboas qub hks hhbvkoas y qub sdrvbg pkrk jarrbedr hk vdsdúg `biarok`k  par hk h k júrgbk. júrg bk. ^ar bh jagtrkrda, has sbseas y hks ikhsks ik hsks jrbbgjdks jrb bgjdks sag jaoa j aoa ugks ekiks dgvdsdfhbs qub, bg prdobr huekr, ga saoas jagsjdbgtbs qub hhbvkoas3 bg sbeug`a huekr, `biarokg bg vbz `b jarrbedr3 y, bg tbrjbr huekr, tkofdäg degarkoas qub atrk  pbrsagk gas lk bgjksqubtk`a bsas jrdstkhbs. ±^ar quä ugk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k` kjtýk jaoa ug dgldfd`ar `bh  pbgskodbgta jrbktdva1 Jaoa lb bxphdjk`a, bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva sb dgdjdk jag ug pugta `b pkrtd`k `btbrodgk`a. Ha lb `bgaodgk`a iaja `b ktbgjdúg, okrja `b rbibrbgjdk, bstïouha a  prafhbok. Zafrb tkh rbkhd`k` vkoas k kjtukr, trkgsiaroëg`ahk. trkgsiaroëg` ahk. ±[uä sujb`b sd hk pbrjbpjdúg `b bsk rbkhd`k` bstë `dstarsdagk`k1 ±[uä prafhbok sureb jukg`a bh pugta `b pkrtd`k `bh prajbsa jrbktdva sb khbmk `b ha qub afmbtdvkobgtb bs1 Zujb`b qub hk vkharkjdúg qub rbkhdjboas `b gubstrk dgtbrvbgjdúg tkofdäg vk k bstkr  `dstarsdagk`k. Zbrïk jaoa suokrhb jdgja k ug gýobra qub vboas farrasa. Jukg`a gas prbeugtbg bh rbsuhtk`a, ga skfrboas k jdbgjdk jdbrtk quä gýobra lboas aftbgd`a. a bs qub bh jkofda a hk jrbktdvd`k` ga sbk pasdfhb, sdga qub gubstrk bvkhukjdúg `b hks sahujdagbs aftbgd`ks bstkrë tkofdäg vdjdk`k, `dstarsdagk`k. K`boës, has jkofdas qub dgtra`uzjkoas ga sbrëg has oës k`bjuk`as. Zd trkta `b bg`brbzkr ug jhkva qub, `dstarsdagk`a par od vdsdúg, vba dgjhdgk`a k hk `brbjlk, bstkg`a bg rbkhd`k` tarjd`a k hk dzqudbr`k, ha oavbrä bg hk `drbjjdúg jagtrkrdk. Hk `dstarsdúg ga saha kibjtk kh pugta `b pkrtd`k sdga tkofdäg k júoa `bfb sbr  trkgsiarok`a. ^kfha ^djkssa hhbeú kh jufdsoa ga parqub vdbrk hk rbkhd`k` `dstarsdagk`k, sdga  parqub pkrtdbg`a `b ugk praiug`k jaoprbgsdúg `b hks iaroks, `b ugk pbrjbpjdúg tatkhobgtb afmbtdvk `b hk rbkhd`k`, iub jkpkz `b `dstarsdagkrhk, klark sï, ob`dkgtb ugks hbgtbs jrbk`ks par äh, pra`ujta `b su vahugtk` y hdfbrtk`. Bsa bs bh krtb. Hk bxprbsdúg a dgtbrprbtkjdúg `b ugk rbkhd`k` afmbtdvk trkgsideurk`k  par hk vahugtk`, hdfbrtk` y bgbreïk `bh `b h krtdstk. Bsa bs tkofdäg hk jrbktdvd`k`. Hk `dibrbgjdk bs sustkgjdkh. Hk `dstarsdúg pub`b sbr bh idgkh `b ug prajbsa jrbktdva `bhdfbrk`a. ^bra `diïjdhobgtb sbrë bh k`bjuk`a dgdjda `b ug prajbsa jrbktdva bg  patbgjdk.

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@urkgtb oujla tdbopa sb fkrkmú hk ldpútbsds `b qub bh pdgtar @aoägdcas Plbatacúpauhas, kpa`k`a Bh Erbja, pdgtksb sus jähbfrbs ideurks bstdhdzk`ks jaoa rbsuhtk`a `b ug ekhapkgtb kstdeoktdsoa. T sb tbardzú qub äh ga brk jagsjdbgtb `b tkh khkrekodbgta `b hks ideurks. Bstkrïkoas kgtb uga `b has pajas jksas `ag`b ugk vdsdúg `dstarsdagk`k `b hk rbkhd`k` krramú ug rbsuhtk`a jrbktdva vkhdasa. ^bra has bxpbrdobgtas rbjdbgtbs `b Ztukrt Kgstds, psdjúhaea `b hk Rgdvbrsd`k` `b Jkhdiargdk bg Zkg @dbea, `boubstrkg qub bsta ga iub ksï. Zb lkg bgjagtrk`a k`boës bsjrdtas `bh  pdgtar `b has qub sb `b`ujb qub äh brk pbribjtkobgtb pbribjt kobgtb jagsjdbgtb jagsjdbg tb `b hk bstdhdzkjdúg bstdhd zkjdúg k hk qub saobtïk sus ideurks. Brk afvda. ±Júoa dfk Bh Erbja k oa`didjkr sus ideurks jag tkh vdrtuasdsoa sd ga skfïk jag jbrtbzk ha qub bstkfk oa`didjkg`a1 Kpkrtb `b ugk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k, tkofdäg hk pbrjbpjdúg hdodtk`k `b hk rbkhd`k` kjtýk jaoa ug dgldfd`ar. Rgk pbrjbpjdúg hdodtk`k bs rbsuhtk`a `b hk dgtbrvbgjdúg bxtbrgk `b bhbobgtas qub gas hdodtkg bh jkopa `b vdsdúg, bh jkopa `b bsjujlk, bh jkopa `b ktbgjdúg. Rg bmbopha rbvbhk`ar k bstb rbspbjta ha lkhhkoas bg has prbstd`dedtk`arbs. Bg hk `bgaodgk`k odjraokedk ‐ugk `b hks `dsjdphdgks oës `diïjdhbs `b hk okedk‐, has trujas ga sb fkskg bg ajuhtkr ‐jaoa sï sujb`b bg has trujas `b bsjbgkrda‐, sdga bg uekr jag gubstra jkopa `b vdsdúg. Hk odjraokedk, rbkhdzk`k jag fkrkmk y ugk jlkqubtk sdg okgeks, jag bh pýfhdja sbgtk`a khrb`b`ar `bh okea k hk odsok obsk, afhdek k bstb ýhtdoa k dgtra`ujdr bhbobgtas `b `dstrkjjdúg qub hb pbrodtkg jkofdkr bh ar`bg a sdtukjdúg `b has gkdpbs sdg qub has atras ha pbrjdfkg. Rgk hdodtkjdúg bg bh jkopa pbrjbptdva pravajk`k par bh prbstd`dedtk`ar dopb`drë qub pa`koas jkptkr ta`k hk dgiarokjdúg qub gas pbrodtdrïk bgjagtrkr hk sahujdúg kh truja. Bg bstb sdeha `b has `dspasdtdvas bhbjtrúgdjas, bstkoas kuobgtkg`a bxpagbgjdkhobgtb bh tdbopa `b`djk`a k hks pkgtkhhks, sbk `b oúvdhbs, `b ar`bgk`arbs a `b hks `bgaodgk`ks tkfhbtks.  Gubstrk ebgbrkjdúg kprbg`dú k odrkr kh lardzagtb, k tbgbr hbmas hk odrk`k, k jkptkr bh oëxdoa `b bhbobgtas pasdfhbs `b gubstra bgtarga. Hk ebgbrkjdúg kjtukh, par bh jagtrkrda, jkodgk par hk jkhhb jag hk vdstk pubstk bg ugk  pkgtkhhk `b jdgjubgtk jbgtïobtras juk`rk`as, jag hk vdstk idmk bg bh tbxta `b has obgskmbs dgtbrjkofdk`as jag sus kodeas a ikodhdkrbs.  Ga bstay kidrokg`a, gd oujla obgas, qub has oúvdhbs lkekg k hk ebgtb obgas jrbktdvk, a qub sbkg ug dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. [ub ga sb ob okhdgtbrprbtb. K oï ob bgjkgtk hk tbjgahaeïk= say ug ibrvdbgtb usukrda `b Pwdttbr, par bmbopha. Zbgjdhhkobgtb, hhkoa hk ktbgjdúg safrb bh lbjla `b qub ug iaja `boksdk`a prbjdsa y

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kjatk`a `b gubstrk ktbgjdúg rb`ujb, afvdkobgtb, bh gýobra `b pasdfhbs iajas bg has qub idmkrsb, yk sbk pkrk ebgbrkr ldpútbsds a pkrk dgspdrkrsb bg iaroks `b lkhhkr  sahujdagbs. Bg rbsuobg, ugk vdsdúg `dstarsdagk`k a hdodtk`k `b hk rbkhd`k` dgldfb hk jrbktdvd`k`. Ykoas jag bh sbxta dgldfd`ar, qub bs…  

Bh pbsa `b hk húedjk   Dhustrkjdúg y Vkjdagkhdsoa `bmkrag lubhhk bg gubstrk juhturk. Hk húedjk sb lk brded`a bg bh pdhkr iug`kobgtkh `b Ajjd`bgtb, `ag`b jagsd`brkoas qub bh pbgskodbgta húedja  bh oäta`a `b`ujtdva jagstdtuybg lbrrkodbgtks doprbsjdg`dfhbs pkrk bgirbgtkrgas k has guobrasas rbtas qub bgjagtrkoas bg hk vd`k. Bh rkzagkodbgta `b`ujtdva tdbgb `as pbjuhdkrd`k`bs. Hk prdobrk bs qub utdhdzk  prbodsks, hks jukhbs `bfbrboas vkhd`kr a dgvkhd`kr. Hk sbeug`k bs qub sb kvkgzk `b ugk bg ugk, vkhd`kg`a hks kgtbrdarbs kgtbs `b pkskr k hk sdeudbgtb. Zd ta`a bs jarrbjta, kvkgzkoas. Zd `btbjtkoas ug brrar a dgjalbrbgjdk, gas `btbgboas y kfartkoas bh  prajbsa. Hk húedjk sb dgtbrruopb. Ybkoas ug bmbopha. Bstk bs hk dgiarokjdúg `b hk qub `dspagboas= Od ldma bs bh ýgdja qub lk bgtrk`a bg hk jajdgk. Lkfïk jdgja faofagbs bg ug phkta. Has faofagbs lkg `bskpkrbjd`a. Jagjhusdúg bxtrkï`k= Od ldma sb lk jaod`a has faofagbs. Bstb bs ug tïpdja bmbopha `b rkzagkodbgta `b`ujtdva. Zb bophbk hk húedjk ga sahkobgtb bg hk ýhtdok y `bidgdtdvk jagjhusdúg sdga bg jk`k pksa. K ob`d`k qub gas vkg praparjdagkg`a dgiarokjdúg, jaoprafkoas qub hk gubvk irksb ga sbk dgjaopktdfhb jag hk kgtbrdar. ^ar bmbopha, «Has faofagbs lkg `bskpkrbjd`a³, ga jahdsdagk jag «Od ldma bs bh ýgdja qub lk bgtrk`a bg hk jajdgk³. Zag `as lbjlas dg`bpbg`dbgtbs. Ga sb dgvkhd`kg rbjïprajkobgtb gd bgtrkg bg jahdsdúg a jagtrk`djjdúg. Pkopaja gdgeugk `b kofks sb jagtrk`djb jag «Lkfïk jdgja faofagbs bg ug phkta³. Bs ksï júoa kvkgzk hk húedjk. ^rbodsk k prbodsk. T, kh idgkh `b ta`a, bstkfhbjb ugk jagjhusdúg. Jukg`a kheudbg rbkhdzk ugk kidrokjdúg a ugk prapubstk hk jukh `bfboas jagsd`brkr,  pa`rboas, ob`dkgtb hk húedjk, skfbr sd tdbgb sbgtd`a. Bh pbgskodbgta húedja gas

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 pratbeb `b jagiusdagbs a bgekûas. Bh gdûa qub sb jaodú has faofagbs tbg`rïk `didjuhtk` bg bgekûkr k su pk`rb safrb su dgajbgjdk. Hk húedjk gas pbrodtdrë apbrkr  jag has gýobras, jag hks pkhkfrks. Gas pbrodtdrë, k pkrtdr `b ta`ks hks rbehks qub kprbg`koas, k «okgdpuhkr³, apbrkr jag hks jasks. ±^ar quä bgtagjbs kjtýk jaoa ug dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`1 ^arqub bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva rbqudbrb ug ekp a ugk pkrk`amk bg kheugk `b hks  prbodsks dgtbrob`dks, y bsb vkjïa bs dgjagsdstbgtb jag hk húedjk. ^ra`ujdrë ugk bspbjdb `b jartajdrjudta bg gubstrk obgtb. Kutaoëtdjkobgtb, dgvkhd`koas bh prajbsa. ^ar bmbopha, ug pk`rb hb `djb k su ldma `b jdgja kûas= «Pbg jud`k`a, ga taqubs hk  faofdhhk bgjbg`d`k parqub qubok³. Bh gdûa jagtbstk= «Zd qubok, hk pub`bs utdhdzkr   pkrk bgjbg`br hk jldobgbk³. jld obgbk³. Bh pk`rb ksdegk k hk irksb irk sb `b su ldma bh jkrëjtbr jkrëj tbr `b brrar a  fdbg `b prafhbok drrbsahufhb. Bh pk`rb hb `drë kh gdûa= «Ga, pkrk bsa ga sb pub`b utdhdzkr³. Idg `b hk apbrkjdúg. Zb kfartk hk sbjubgjdk. Bg rbkhd`k`, hk kfsur`k prapubstk `bh gdûa fdbg pa`rïk sbr ug pugta `b pkrtd`k pkrk ebgbrkr ugk gubvk d`bk. ±^a`boas kpravbjlkr bh jkhar `b ugk faofdhhk pkrk prbg`br  iubea1 Ga `dea gbjbskrdkobgtb qub `bfk bxdstdr ugk sahujdúg k tkh prapubstk, sdga qub bs ugk pkrk`amk jag hk qub, bvbgtukhobgtb, pub`b trkfkmkrsb pkrk ebgbrkr ugk d`bk jrbktdvk. ^bra `diïjdhobgtb prajb`brboas `b bstb oa`a. Hk húedjk `btdbgb bh prajbsa y, kgtbs `b bxkodgkr a sapbskr pasdfhbs sahujdagbs, `krboas par brrúgba ug phkgtbkodbgta qub, prbjdskobgtb par kfsur`a, pa`rïk sbr ug bstïouha pkrk bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva. Klark sb bgtdbg`b par quä hk húedjk bs ug dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Bs ug tdpa `b  pbgskodbgta qub rbjlkzk hks dopasdfdhd`k`bs k hks qub bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva afhdek. @k`a qub hk húedjk dopbrk bg gubstra `ïk k `ïk, gas pkskoas bh `ïk pkskg`a par  khta bstïouhas a pkrk`amks qub pa`rïkg jag`ujdrgas k gubvks pasdfdhd`k`bs. Ha odsoa sujb`b jag hks ldpútbsds. ^bgsboas bg ugk `b hks oës jähbfrbs `b hk iïsdjk= «Bh tdbopa pub`b sbr rbhktdva kh bspkjda³. Rgk ldpútbsds ksï ga pub`b pravbgdr  `b ugk `b`ujjdúg.6 Pkh bxjbsa `b húedjk dopd`b hk iarouhkjdúg `b gubvks ldpútbsds, bspbjdkhobgtb hks oës `dsruptdvks. Hk húedjk bs ug afstëjuha k hk jrbktdvd`k` bg hk jdbgjdk. Vbjubr`a qub bg od prdobr jursa `b hk ugdvbrsd`k` tbgïkoas ugk praibsark qub  pagïk ugas `didjdhïsdoas bxëobgbs qub ouy pajas haerkfkg kprafkr. k prafkr. Hk `didjuhtk` ga rk`djkfk bg qub lkfïk qub jaophbtkr ug gýobra bhbvk`a `b bmbrjdjdas bg paja tdbopa. Gd bg has jëhjuhas. @b lbjla, has prafhboks, ugk vbz phkgtbk`as

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k`bjuk`kobgtb, sb rbsahvïkg bg uga a `as odgutas. ±@úg`b rk`djkfk hk `didjuhtk` bgtagjbs1 ^rbjdskobgtb bg phkgtbkr `b hk okgbrk k`bjuk`k bh ksugta. Has prafhboks pkrbjïkg dgjaophbtas. Jaopkrk`as jag has rbkhdzk`as bg jhksb, ikhtkfk dgiarokjdúg. Rga hbïk bh bgugjdk`a y `bjïk= «¡Kquï ikhtkg `ktas!³. Hk sahujdúg rbqubrïk qub bh khuoga, sd `aodgkfk hk oktbrdk, dgjarparksb `ktas `b pkrtd`k ga bxphïjdtas pbra qub, kûk`d`as, pbrodtïkg yk `dspagbr `b ta`k hk dgiarokjdúg. ^krbjïk qub ga sbrvïk `b gk`k bstu`dkr. Ga brk ksï. Zd uga `aodgkfk hk oktbrdk, brk jkpkz `b jrbkr prbodsks qub jagvbrtïkg bg bxlkustdvas has `ktas  prbjdsk`as pkrk hk rbsahujdúg. Brkg bxëobgbs `b oktboëtdjks `ag`b bh sbjrbta jagsdstïk bg iarouhkr ldpútbsds ga bxphïjdtks pbra sï gbjbskrdks. Bg rbkhd`k`, ga brkg bxëobgbs `ag`b hk húedjk sdrvdbsb `b oujla3 sb trktkfk `b bxëobgbs `b pbgskodbgta jrbktdva, bh jukh, hkobgtkfhbobgtb, `bsjagajïkoas. Bsa qub gas hhbvk kh sdeudbgtb dgldfd`ar= bh sdstbok b`ujktdva. Kûk`koas k hk tkfhk `b dgldfd`arbs has trbs ýhtdoas qub lboas vdsta.   Dgldfd`ar

Bg quä jagsdstb bh dgldfd`ar

Iaroks `b hdfbrkrsb a patbgjdk`arbs

Hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk

Ksdodhkjdúg bgtrb ebgdkhd`k` y jrbktdvd`k`

^arqub ga gas vboas jkpkjbs `b ugk ebgdkhd`k` y `bsdstdoas `b jrbkr 

Bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg

K`apjdúg `b garoktdvks sajdkhbs y  prbjbptas `b jagvdvbgjdk

Kgjhk hk jrbbgjdk `b qub lky iaroks k`bjuk`ks `b lkjbr hks jasks y qub sag idmk`ks par atras3 rb`ujb bh jkopa `b kjjdúg `b hk hdfbrtk` jrbktdvk

Hk bidjdbgjdk `b has  pratajahas

K`apjdúg `b iaroks `b lkjbr par su Zb pbrjdfb krrdbsek`a jubstdagkr pratajahas qub iugjdagkg y sb bidjkjdk y bidjdbgjdk tdbg`b k kjbptkrhas sdg jubstdagkrhas

Hk iubrzk `b has oa`bhas Pbg`bgjdk jagvbrebgtb `b gubstra sdstbok pbrjbptukh. Pbg`boas k rbjagajbr 

 Ga jubstdagkoas has bhbobgtas qub jaopagbg ug oa`bha gd rbphkgtbkoas oa`bhas bg sï

Hk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k

Dgjkpkjd`k` `b khjkgzkr ugk oïgdok ^arqub tbredvbrsk bh prajbsa jrbktdva `bs`b su pugta `b pkrtd`k

`b hk rbkhd`k` Bh pb pbsa sa `b hk hú húed edjk jk

afmbtdvd`k` Rs Rsaa pprb rb`a `aod odgk gkgt gtbb `bh `bh pb pbgs gsko kodb dbgt gtaa rkjdagkh

Dopd`b hk dgtra`ujjdúg `b pravajkjdagbs y pkrk`amks, gbjbskrdks pkrk bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva a kgkhúedja

 

Bh sdstbok b`ujktdva   Bh sdstbok b`ujktdva ajjd`bgtkh fusjk hk jaoprbgsdúg y bh jagajdodbgta k trkväs `b hk oboardzkjdúg. @urkgtb su pbrda`a `b bgsbûkgzk, bh gdûa, hubea bh k`ahbsjbgtb y oës tkr`b bh vbdgtbkûbra, `bfb ksdodhkr ha obmar `b jukgta lk `bsjufdbrta hk luokgd`k`= hks hbybs `b hk iïsdjk3 bh iugjdagkodbgta `b hks oktboëtdjks3 ha iug`kobgtkh `bh rbdga kgdokh,

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vbebtkh y odgbrkh3 `bfb jagajbr hk ldstardk `b su pkïs y `b hks gkjdagbs3 `bfb kprbg`br  su prapdk hbgeuk, d`daoks bxtrkgmbras, jagajbr hk ldstardk `bh krtb, `b hk oýsdjk… Jaoa `djb Masä Kgtagda Okrdgk bg su Pbarïk `b hk dgtbhdebgjdk jrbk`ark, «bs bh gdûa qudbg lk `b jagstrudrsb su oark`k drrbob`dkfhbobgtb, pubsta qub gbjbsdtk kprapdkrsb par sï odsoa hk rbkhd`k`, pbra sbrïk ug erkg dgjar`da qub tuvdbrk qub dgvbgtkr hk krqudtbjturk³. Bh sdstbok b`ujktdva iugjdagk k pkrtdr `b okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk qub `bfbg oboardzkrsb. Bsas okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk sb bgsbûkg bg hk bsjubhk, sb bmbrjdtkg ob`dkgtb prafhboks prëjtdjas y sb pugtýk kh khuoga bg iugjdúg `b sd bs jkpkz `b kphdjkrhas jarrbjtkobgtb. ^agekoas ug bmbopha sbgjdhha. Rg okrja `b rbibrbgjdk bg hbgeukmb sbrïk hks garoks erkoktdjkhbs y sdgtëjtdjks. Zb bgsbûk k jagstrudr irksbs, has rbjursas bstdhïstdjas, y hubea bh praibsar pag`rë bmbrjdjdas, `bfbrbs k sus khuogas. Bstas `bfbrëg rbsahvbr has bmbrjdjdas `b kjubr`a jag hks garoks bgsbûk`ks y, idgkhobgtb, `bfbrëg oboardzkr bsks garoks y kphdjkrhks jarrbjtkobgtb. Bh bxkobg jagsdstdrë bg ugk prubfk prëjtdjk y/a tbúrdjk `ag`b bh bstu`dkgtb `bfbrë `boastrkr qub lk ksdodhk`a bsb okrja `b rbibrbgjdk, ha jagajb y bs jkpkz `b utdhdzkrha jag sahturk. Ha odsoa jag hks oktboëtdjks, hk iïsdjk, hk quïodjk, bh hktïg, bh dgehäs, hk ldstardk… ^a`rïk `bjdrsb qub hk bsjahkrdzkjdúg jaophbtk sb khjkgzk jukg`a sb lkg dgjarpark`a suidjdbgtbs okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk jagajd`as y ugdvbrskhobgtb bxtbg`d`as. @b lbjla, lkstk su bsjahkrdzkjdúg has gdûas jkrbjbg `b okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk. A pkrk sbr oës prbjdsas= su okrja `b rbibrbgjdk bs dhdodtk`a. Pa`a vkhb bg ta`ks pkrtbs. Rg ihatk`ar bs vëhd`a pkrk larodeks y pkrk tbhäiagas3 has saofrbras pub`bg pagärsbhas hks pbrsagks, has kgdokhbs, hks jasks y lkstk hks gufbs. Ga lky iragtbrks bgtrb bh  pbgskodbgta húedja y bh dhúedja. Ga lky ërbk `b bxjhusdúg `b gdgeýg gdgeý g afmbta. Pa`a bs dgjhusdúg, ta`a bs vëhd`a odbgtrks pub`k gaofrkrsb. K ob`d`k qub pksk bh tdbopa, hks jasks sb drëg pagdbg`a bg su sdtda. Rg `ïk ug k`uhta `drë k ug gdûa= «Has bhbikgtbs ga hhbvkg saofrbras, sag saha pkrk hks  pbrsagks³. T bh gdûa, pkrk qudbg ga lkfïk iragtbrks bgtrb hk ksajdkjdúg `b bsks `as d`bks, hbvkgtkrë ug prdobr oura bgtrb saofrbras y gk`k qub ga sbkg pbrsagks. Rg  prdobr okrja `b rbibrbgjdk sb lkfrë bstkfhbjd`a. bstkfhbj d`a. T ksï sujbsdvkobgtb. Bsta, bg hk bsjubhk, khjkgzk su oëxdok patbgjdk. Klï sb bgsbûk k has pbqubûas k vkhd`kr y bophbkr okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk, pbra ga k jrbkrhas. K hk bsjubhk ga sb vk pkrk suebrdr khtbrgktdvks y pasdfdhd`k`bs, sdga k bophbkr oäta`as y rbjagajbr jbrtbzks. Ykhd`kr y utdhdzkr jarrbjtkobgtb tkhbs okrjas jaghhbvk `b iarok dophïjdtk ug

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sdstbok `b bvkhukjdúg fksk`a bg bh kjdbrta y bh brrar. Has kjdbrtas sb prbodkg y has brrarbs sb jkstdekg. Bg bh prdobr jksa, ob`dkgtb bh rbjagajdodbgta `bh okbstra k trkväs `b hks jkhdidjkjdagbs aftbgd`ks y, bg bh sbeug`a, k trkväs `b has suspbgsas. ^ar tkh oatdva, bh sdstbok b`ujktdva sb brdeb bg bh prdgjdpkh oatar `b hk rbtdjbgjdk kh brrar, qub bs gubstra sdeudbgtb dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`.  

Bh odb`a kh brrar    Pa`a ha vdsta kgtbrdarobgtb, has pratajahas sajdkhbs, hk gbjbsd`k` `b okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk, bh pbsa `b hk húedjk y ug sdstbok b`ujktdva fksk`a bg hk kphdjkjdúg `b oa`bhas bstkfhbjd`as, gas jag`ujb k ugk jagtdguk`k rbhkjdúg dgjúoa`k bgtrb bh sbr  luokga y bh brrar. Has brrarbs sag rbsbûk`as par has k`uhtas, sb gas hhkok hk ktbgjdúg, sb gas jarrdeb, sb gas pagb okhk jkrk jukg`a dgjurrdoas bg bhhas. Bh brrar sb jagvdbrtb pkrk hk  pbrsagk bg ugk iubgtb `b dgsktdsikjjdúg y pravajk bh rbjlkza, kugqub tboparkh, `b qudbgbs gas qudbrbg a `b qudbgbs `bsbkoas hk kprafkjdúg. Bh sbr luokga bstë gbjbsdtk`a `b jkrdûa, `b koar y `b rbjagajdodbgta. Bh brrar gas khbmk `b ugks gbjbsd`k`bs kfsahutkobgtb pbrbgtardks, vdtkhbs jaoa bh kdrb qub rbspdrkoas. ^aja k paja, `bskrrahhkoas ugk kvbrsdúg kh brrar. Ha `bsbkoas bxpuhskr `b gubstrks vd`ks. Gas bgik`koas jukg`a gas bqudvajkoas. Prktkoas `b odgdodzkr has brrarbs. Kheugks pbrsagks sb vubhvbg pbribjjdagdstks. [udbrbg qub ta`a bstä pbribjta. a tahbrkg ug oïgdoa brrar a bqudvajkjdúg bg sus kjjdagbs gd bg hks `b qudbgbs hks ra`bkg. ^krk oës jaophdjkjdúg, `urkgtb gubstrk bsjahkrdzkjdúg bh brrar bs sdgúgdoa `b bsjkrgda `b gubstras jaopkûbras a `b rd`ïjuha kgtb gubstras sbobmkgtbs3 sb targk bg rbprdobg`k `bh okbstra, bg ugk okhk gatk k hhbvkr k has pk`rbs, bg tbgbr qub rbpbtdr hk hbjjdúg. Bh brrar sb jarrdeb jag oës bsiubrza. Bqudvajkrsb dophdjkrë okyar jkrek `b trkfkma. Bg bh oug`a hkfarkh, yk gd obgtkrha. Has brrarbs jubstkg `dgbra a, dgjhusa, qub  prbeugtbg k qudbgbs trkfkmkg bg bh sbjtar skgdtkrda, pub`bg jastkr ugk vd`k luokgk. Has brrarbs, `djb bh k`keda, sb pkekg jkras.  Ga bs `b bxtrkûkr bxt rkûkr qub, yk `b k`uhtas, gubstrk g ubstrk rbhkjdúg rbh kjdúg jag ja g bh brrar sbk `b ug tboar  kfsahuta lkjdk bh odsoa. Bh prafhbok `bh odb`a kh brrar ga rbsd`b bg sï odsoa. Zb jagvdbrtb bg dgldfd`ar `b

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ugk iarok dg`drbjtk. Ha jagtrkrda `bh brrar sb hhkok jarrbjjdúg. Zd qubrboas bvdtkr  brrarbs, lboas `b lkjbr hks jasks jarrbjtks. Jarrbjtks, ±sbeýg quä1 Jarrbjtks sbeýg ug okrja `b rbibrbgjdk `btbrodgk`a. Ksï pubs, bh odb`a kh brrar sb trk`ujb bg ugk jaophbtk kjbptkjdúg `bh stktu qua, `b has okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk bstkfhbjd`as par  okbstras, mbibs, supbrdarbs, rbehks, garoks, hbybs a pratajahas. Lkjbr hks jasks jarrbjtkobgtb afhdek k kjbptkr `b kgtbokga ug okrja rbeuhk`ar. ^aja k paja, sdg `krgas jubgtk, ga saobtboas hks garoks k rbvdsdúg gd jubstdagkoas bh parquä a bh júoa lkjboas hks jasks. Bh odb`a kh brrar bs ug dgldfd`ar parqub gas afhdek dophïjdtkobgtb k kjbptkr `b kgtbokga ha qub bstë fdbg y ha qub bstë okh. Ha qub bs jarrbjta y ha qub bs dgjarrbjta.  

Hk gbekjdúg prapdk   Bstb dgldfd`ar bs bg rbkhd`k` rbsuhtk`a `b hk suok `b ta`as has kgtbrdarbs. Hk suok ‐  safrb ugk odsok pbrsagk‐ `b hk dgksuodfhb jkrek `bh qubrbr sbr bxjbhbgtb, bh pbsa `b has pratajahas y has oa`bhas, hk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k`, bh odb`a kh brrar… ta`a bhha vk odgkg`a k bsk pbrsagk lkstk hhbekr kh jagvbgjdodbgta, jaoa kqubhhk oumbr qub ob dgtra`uma kh pýfhdja bg Vaok, `b qub ga bs jrbktdvk. T jukg`a uga gdbek ugk jkpkjd`k` prapdk kfkg`agk hk d`bk `b khjkgzkrhk a juhtdvkrhk. Bs jaoa jukg`a uga sb jagvbgjb `b qub «gugjk pa`rä muekr fdbg kh kmb`rbz³ a «gugjk haerkrä `krhb fdbg kh tbgds³ a «mkoës `aodgkrä hk dgiaroëtdjk³… Bstks jrbbgjdks `bsbofajkg bg ug «tdrkr hk takhhk³, bg `bmkrha jarrbr.  Ga lky dgldfd`ar oës patbgtb qub hk gbekjdúg prapdk `b ugk jkpkjd`k`. Bs hk h k qub vbr`k`brkobgtb dglkfdhdtk `b par vd`k pkrk bhhk. Zd, k`boës, `dibrbgtb kh tbgds a kh kmb`rbz, uga pdbgsk qub ga bxdstb ug oäta`a pkrk `bskrrahhkr hk jrbktdvd`k`, pubs, jaoa sb `djb vuhekrobgtb, «kpkek y vëoagas³. Bsb bs prbjdskobgtb bh sdeudbgtb dgldfd`ar.  

Hk kusbgjdk `b ug oäta`a   Hhbek`as k hk ok`urbz, jag hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk bg hk okyarïk `b has jksas obrok`k, rbsuhtk dgsuidjdbgtb jag `boastrkrhb a `bjdrhb k kheudbg qub ug `ïk iub jrbktdva qub su jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk bs dggktk, qub par bh obra lbjla `b sbr pbrsagk

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`dspagb `b hk ikjuhtk` `b jrbkr. Paokr jagjdbgjdk `b bhha sbrë ug `bsjufrdodbgta,  pbra hk pbrsagk ga skfrë quä lkjbr. Zbrïk jaoa rbvbhkrhb k ug gdûa qub lkstk has sbds kûas vdvdú bg atra pkïs y qub iub k`aptk`a par ugk ikodhdk bxtrkgmbrk hk vbr`k` safrb sus pk`rbs fdahúedjas. Hb `bjdoas qub ug `ïk, oujlas kûas ktrës, brk jkpkz `b lkfhkr y jaoprbg`br bh d`daok `b `ag`b gkjdú. @b paja sbrvdrë. K sus qudgjb kûas bsb gdûa `bfbrë taokr jhksbs pkrk vahvbr k lkfhkrha. Gbjbsdtkrë ug praibsar gktdva y kprbg`br, sbeýg ug oäta`a, hk hbgeuk qub ug `ïk supa y ahvd`ú. Zujb`b khea sdodhkr jag hk jrbktdvd`k`. Kguhk`k gubstrk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk3 ldpbr`bskrrahhk`a gubstra pbgskodbgta `b`ujtdva, gubstrk jkpkjd`k` húedjk3 jrdstkhdzk`as has pratajahas, hks garoks, hks iaroks `b lkjbr y has okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk, hk pbrsagk qub ga lk jagtdguk`a bmbrjdtkg`a hk jrbktdvd`k` sb bgjagtrkrë dopasdfdhdtk`k `b pagbrhk bg okrjlk, `b rbjagqudstkrhk. Bxdstb hk jrbbgjdk bxtbg`d`k `b qub hk jrbktdvd`k` ga pub`b bgsbûkrsb. Bg gubstra sdstbok b`ujktdva hk jrbktdvd`k` ga iarok pkrtb `b has phkgbs `b bstu`da. Bg bh sdstbok ugdvbrsdtkrda sb bgsbûk jrbktdvd`k` bg kpbgks `as a trbs hdjbgjdkturks a `dphaokturks (Fbhhks Krtbs, @dsbûa, ^ufhdjd`k`… y paja oës). : Bs bh ýgdja oäta`a qub ga sb gas bgsbûk. Zd ga `dspagboas `b ug oäta`a, ga  pa`boas lkfhkr dgehäs a rbsahvbr prafhboks oktboëtdjas a muekr kh kmb`rbz. ^ubs ha odsoa jag hk jrbktdvd`k`. Hbs ksbeura qub hk jrbktdvd`k` pub`b pbribjtkobgtb dopkrtdrsb, bmbrjdtkrsb y `bskrrahhkrsb. Bxdstbg oäta`as pkrk jrbkr, täjgdjks, lbrrkodbgtks, rbjursas, dgjhusa jag`ujtks qub hk ikvarbjbg. Lboas kjkfk`a jag has juktra dgldfd`arbs. ^a`boas jaophbtkr gubstrk tkfhk rbsuobg=   Dgldfd`ar

Bg quä jagsdstb bh dgldfd`ar

Iaroks `b hdfbrkrsb a patbgjdk`arbs

Hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk

Ksdodhkjdúg bgtrb ebgdkhd`k` y jrbktdvd`k`

^arqub ga gas vboas jkpkjbs `b ugk ebgdkhd`k` y `bsdstdoas `b jrbkr 

Bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg

K`apjdúg `b garoktdvks sajdkhbs y  prbjbptas `b jagvdvbgjdk

Kgjhk hk jrbbgjdk `b qub lky iaroks k`bjuk`ks `b lkjbr hks jasks y qub sag idmk`ks par atras3 rb`ujb bh jkopa `b kjjdúg `b hk hdfbrtk` jrbktdvk

Hk bidjdbgjdk `b has  pratajahas

K`apjdúg `b iaroks `b lkjbr par su Zb pbrjdfb krrdbsek`a jubstdagkr pratajahas qub iugjdagkg y sb bidjkjdk y bidjdbgjdk tdbg`b k kjbptkrhas sdg jubstdagkrhas

Hk iubrzk `b has oa`bhas Pbg`bgjdk jagvbrebgtb `b gubstra sdstbok pbrjbptukh. Pbg`boas k rbjagajbr 

 Ga jubstdagkoas has bhbobgtas qub jaopagbg ug oa`bha gd rbphkgtbkoas oa`bhas bg sï

Hk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k`

Dgjkpkjd`k` `b khjkgzkr ugk oïgdok ^arqub tbredvbrsk bh prajbsa jrbktdva `bs`b su pugta `b pkrtd`k afmbtdvd`k`

Bh pbs pbsaa `b hk hhúed úedjk jk

Rs Rsaa prb` prb`ao aodg dgkgt kgtbb `bh `bh pbgs pbgsko kodbg dbgta ta

Dopd Dopd`b `b hk hk dgtr dgtra` a`uj ujjd jdúg úg ``bb pr prav avaj ajkjd kjdag agbs bs y pkrk pkrk`a `amk mks, s,

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rkjdagkh

gbjbskrdks pkrk bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva y kgkhúedja

Bh sds sdstb tbok ok b`u b`ujk jktd tdva va

K` K`ap apjd jdúg úg y us usaa `b okr okrja jass `b `b rbibrbgjdk bgsbûk`as bg bh sdstbok b`ujktdva

Ikhtk `b bgtrbgkodbgta y jastuofrb `b `bskrrahhkr okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk prapdas

Bh odb` odb`aa kh br brra rarr

Vbjl Vbjlkz kzaa k bq bqud udva vajk jkrs rsb, b, `b `bssba `b bs bstk tkr  r ^arqub gas jagodgk k fusjkr saha ha jagsd`brk`a jarrbjta y ga bg ha jdbrta  pbrodtb hk pravajkjdúg a hk pkrk`amk

Hk gb gbek ekjd jdúg úg pr prap apdk dk

Jr Jrbb bbgj gjdk dk idro idrobb bg bg ugk ugk dgjk dgjkpk pkjd jd`k `k``  prapdk pkrk hk jrbktdvd`k`

Dglkfdhdtk pkrk dgtbgtkr a prafkr prajbsas jrbktdvas a kjtdvd`k`bs jrbktdvks

Hk kusbgjdk `b ug oäta`a

@bsjagajdodbgta `b qub bh  pbgskodbgta jrbktdva sdeub ug oäta`a

^arqub hk pbrsagk qub ga bmbrjdtk hk jrbktdvd`k` lkfdtukhobgtb ga skfb par `úg`b bopbzkr 

  Bg sïgtbsds, y pkrk jagjhudr= has dgldfd`arbs brasdagkg y pub`bg hhbekr k brrk`djkr hk jrbktdvd`k`. ^krk rbjupbrkrhk lkrë ikhtk bhdodgkrhas a ebstdagkrhas. Bg hks pëedgks sdeudbgtbs bxphdjkrboas júoa haerkr ta`a bsta. ^bra kgtbs, mustdidquboas hk gbjbsd`k` `b rbjupbrkr hk jrbktdvd`k` y sd kheudbg, bg bh  pksk`a, haerú rbjupbrkr ugk jrbktdvd`k` qub lkfïk pbr`d`a. ^krk bhha, lkekoas ug  frbvb dgtbrhu`da.

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(D GPBVHR@DA ^VDOBVA) Hk jrbktdvd`k`, ikjuhtk` rbjupbrkfhb  

@k`a qub bg hk sbeug`k pkrtb `bh hdfra vay k bxphdjkr júoa pub`b rbjagqudstkrsb hk jrbktdvd`k` qub rbsd`b bg bh sbr luokga, ob pkrbjb apartuga dgtbrjkhkr ugks pëedgks  pkrk mustdidjkr (;) qub tdbgb sbgtd`a sbgtd` a lkjbrha y (6) qub sbk khea ikjtdfhb. @b lbjla, kheudbg pa`rïk afmbtkr bg bstb pugta qub ga tdbgb dgtbräs kheuga bg rbjupbrkr su jrbktdvd`k`. [ub utdhdzkg`a pratajahas, rbjagajdbg`a oa`bhas y kphdjkg`a hk húedjk sb `bsbgvubhvb jag tatkh jaoa`d`k` y sahturk bg sajdb`k`, su vd`k trkgsjurrb phëjd`k y sukvbobgtb, sdg `dsrupjdagbs, `dstrkjjdagbs, brrarbs dg`bsbk`as gd fktkhhks pbrberdgks par gubvks iaroks `b lkjbr hks jasks. Lky ug `djla qub rbzk ksï= «Zd iugjdagk, ga ha taqubs³. ±^ar quä `bfboas rbjupbrkr, rbkjtdvkr a rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k`1 ±Ga supagb bhha jaophdjkrgas hk vd`k1 ±Bs gbjbskrdk hk jrbktdvd`k` bg gubstrks vd`ks1 ±A  pa`boas prbsjdg`dr `b bhhk1  

^ar quä `bfbrïkoas rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k`   kturkhobgtb, rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k` bs ugk apjdúg pbrsagkh. Zdg bofkrea, ya rbjaodbg`a lkjbrha. Jrba qub has dg`bsbk`as bibjtas sbjug`krdas qub `b ugk vd`k jrbktdvk sb `brdvkg sag ouy dgibrdarbs k has fbgbidjdas qub prajurk. K`boës, hk jrbktdvd`k` ga tdbgb par quä kfajkrsb gbjbskrdkobgtb safrb ksugtas praibsdagkhbs a jatd`dkgas, qub rbqudbrbg ar`bg, prajbsa y oäta`a. Hk jrbktdvd`k` pub`b jrdstkhdzkr  bg kidjdagbs pbrsagkhbs, bg sdtukjdagbs dg`dvd`ukhbs dgtrksjbg`bgtkhbs, bg ëofdtas y bsibrks `b hk vd`k jaophbtkobgtb dgajuks. T kug ksï prajurkr ïgtberkobgtb k su kjtar  ta`as has fbgbidjdas qub rbpartk. Hk prdobrk rkzúg par hk qub bs rbjaobg`kfhb rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k` sb `brdvk `bh prdobr jkpïtuha. Bs uga `b has `as pdhkrbs bg hk rbkhdzkjdúg `b ug sbr luokga.

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Vbjar`boas= koar y jrbktdvd`k`. Hk jrbktdvd`k` ga saha jagbjtk k hk pbrsagk jag hk rbkhd`k` sdga qub vk ug pksa oës khhë= hb pbrodtb rbjagajbrsb k trkväs `b hk trkgsideurkjdúg `b hks jasks sbeýg su hdfbrtk`, sus `bsbas y sus dopuhsas. Hk jrbktdvd`k` `k rdbg`k subhtk k ugk gbjbsd`k` `b bxprbsdúg dg`dvd`ukh, ýgdjk b dgtrkgsibrdfhb, qub rbsd`b bg jk`k sbr luokga. Rgk vd`k `ag`b lky bspkjdas y oaobgtas pkrk hk jrbktdvd`k` bs oujla oës phbgk, oës rdjk, oës rbkhdzk`k. ^brodtdrë kh sumbta, jaoa yk lb bxphdjk`a, trksjbg`br su ya, su dgtbrdar, rbjagajbrsb bg bh oug`a k trkväs `b su lubhhk b dopragtk. Rgk bxdstbgjdk sdg jrbktdvd`k` pub`b rbsuhtkr erds, kfurrd`k y oagútagk. ^bra lky ebgtb k qudbg hk rutdgk prajurk ugk bspbjdkh sbeurd`k` y trkgqudhd`k`. Hk kvbrsdúg kh rdbsea bs ugk rbkjjdúg gkturkh `b supbrvdvbgjdk kgtb ugk pasdfhb kobgkzk. Bh prafhbok sb ardedgk jukg`a tkh kvbrsdúg `bsbofajk bg rutdgk a dgkjjdúg. Klï ga sb pra`ujb rbkjjdúg k kobgkzk kheugk, sdga ugk lud`k a, oës fdbg, ug rbiuedkrsb `b hk dgjbrtd`uofrb, jrbybg`a ksï qub pa`boas jagtrahkrha ta`a. Bsa bs ug kutabgekûa. Hk dgjbrtd`uofrb bs dgbvdtkfhb y, k`boës, bs ha qub praparjdagk sbgtd`a k hk kjjdúg luokgk. Rgk vd`k `ag`b ta`a bstuvdbsb jaophbtkobgtb prbvdsta sbrïk ugk vd`k sdg sbgtd`a, pubs gubstrk hdfbrtk` sbrïk dgbxdstbgtb, ga lkfrïk rk`da `b kjjdúg pkrk hk vahugtk`. Ga lkfrïk rkzúg `b sbr. Hk vd`k sbrïk ug kutaoktdsoa. Bsta rbjubr`k k hk pbhïjuhk Ktrkpk`a  Ktrkpk`ass bg bh tdbopa, `ag`b ug pbrda`dstk sb vk k ugk  pbqubûk pafhkjdúg `b Bstk`as Rgd`as k jufrdr ug rbpartkmb safrb ugk jbhbfrkjdúg hajkh qub tdbgb huekr ta`as has kûas= bh `ïk `b hk Okroatk. Bh pratkeagdstk, k hk okûkgk sdeudbgtb `bh rbpartkmb, sb pbrjktk `b qub ta`a jukgta sujb`b pksú yk bh `ïk kgtbrdar. Bg huekr `b lkfbr kvkgzk`a ug `ïk bh jkhbg`krda, bstë bg bh odsoa oaobgta qub vbdgtdjuktra larks ktrës. Pa`a sujb`b `bh odsoa oa`a, jag hk odsok rutdgk. T ksï kh `ïk sdeudbgtb, y kh atra, y kh atra… Hk vd`k sb hb lkjb dgsapartkfhb, tb`dask, kfurrd`k… Rg bxdstdr rbpbtdtdva, erds. T, ha oës dopartkgtb, `ag`b ga lky gdgeýg bspkjda pkrk su hdfbrtk`, pkrk su jrbktdvd`k`. Zu `bskzúg pravdbgb `b qub, lkek ha qub lkek, bh `ïk sdeudbgtb sbrë deukh. Hk pbhïjuhk saha kvkgzk jukg`a bh pratkeagdstk sb `k jubgtk `b qub tdbgb jdbrta rk`da `b kjjdúg. @k`a qub skfb ha qub vk k pkskr (ha lk vdvd`a dgguobrkfhbs vbjbs), pub`b jarrbedr  brrarbs y bvdtkr kjjd`bgtbs a prafhboks `b atrks pbrsagks. Bsb bs su ýgdja jkopa `b kjjdúg. @b pragta, dgjhusa ugk vd`k rutdgkrdk k`qudbrb sbgtd`a, bxdstb ugk oatdvkjdúg. Zu bopbûa jagsdstdrë bg hbvkgtkrsb k `dkrda y lkjbr qub bsb `ïk, sdbg`a bh odsoa, sbk jk`k vbz obmar. Hk jagjhusdúg bs rbvbhk`ark. Ga bs hk rbpbtdjdúg `b kjagtbjdodbgtas ha qub

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jagvdbrtb `ïks ebobhas bg kfurrd`as, sdga bh `bsdgtbräs par jkofdkrhas. Bg jukgta bh  pratkeagdstk sb prapagb jrbkr, dgtra`ujdr jkofdas bg ug jagmugta `b sujbsas  pbribjtkobgtb praerkok`as, vubhvb k sbr ibhdz. Brea, hk jrbktdvd`k` pub`b prajurkr  dgjhusa k hk oës rutdgkrdk `b hks bxdstbgjdks ugk bgarob sktdsikjjdúg. Bsa gas jag`ujb kh tbrjbr oatdva par bh jukh hk jrbktdvd`k` bs `bsbkfhb. Bs bh oatar  `b has jkofdas, `b hks trkgsiarokjdagbs sajdkhbs y pbrsagkhbs, `bh kvkgjb `b hks krtbs, `b hk bvahujdúg juhturkh. Zdg jrbktdvd`k` ga lky jkofda, ga lky bvahujdúg, sb pra`ujb bh bstkgjkodbgta. Bh fdbgbstkr, has kvkgjbs täjgdjas, has kvkgjbs ‐dgjhusa hbekhbs a  pahïtdjas‐ qub prajurkg pkz sajdkh y bstkfdhd`k` k hks gkjdagbs pravdbgbg `b hk kpkrdjdúg `b gubvks d`bks, `b gubvks sahujdagbs k jagihdjtas y rbhkjdagbs. Pa`a ha qub bh laofrb lk oah`bk`a y haerk`a k ha hkrea `b su bxdstbgjdk lk sd`a  pra`ujta `b su jkpkjd`k` jrbk`ark, `b sus d`bks. Bh oaobgta prbsbgtb ga bs saha `bstdga `b hk kjjdúg jrbk`ark `bh pksk`a. Bs, safrb ta`a, pugta `b pkrtd`k `b hk kjjdúg jrbk`ark iuturk. [ub`k oujla par rbjarrbr= bg ha täjgdja, bg ha sajdkh, bg ha skgdtkrda, bg ha b`ujktdva, bg ha bjagúodja, bg ha krtïstdja, bg ha juhturkh. Bh kvkgjb bg jukhqudbrk `b bstas jkopas rbqudbrb laofrbs y oumbrbs jrbktdvas, sajdb`k`bs jrbktdvks, dgtbhdebgjdks jrbk`arks, kiëg `b obmark, `b sahujdúg, `b boprbg`br= hk bvahujdúg sb khdobgtk `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Hk dopartkgjdk vdtkh `b hk jrbktdvd`k` sb lkjb pktbgtb kh jaoprafkr júoa hk `bprbsdúg y hk `bsekgk sb k`ubûkg `b hks pbrsagks qub trkfkmkg bg arekgdzkjdagbs ‐a  pbrtbgbjbg k pkïsbs‐ `ag`b ga lky pbrodsa pkrk dgvbgtkr y sb bxdeb rbkhdzkr hks tkrbks jagiarob k ugks bstrdjtks prbodsks. @bh odsoa oa`a, sb bgtdbg`b tkofdäg par  quä hks boprbsks u arekgdzkjdagbs qub sï jagjb`bg bsb bspkjda k sus bqudpas haerkg bhbvk`as gdvbhbs `b oatdvkjdúg, fkmas gdvbhbs `b ratkjdúg y qub dgjhusa k jkofda `b ug skhkrda oës bhbvk`a ga qudbrkg jkofdkr `b bophba. Yahvbrboas safrb bsta bg bh ýhtdoa jkpïtuha. T ha odsoa sb kphdjk k ta`k ugk gkjdúg. ±^ar quä bg has pkïsbs juyas sdstboks `b eafdbrga sag `djtktardkhbs sb afsbrvk k ugk pafhkjdúg ‐par ha ebgbrkh‐ kpajk`k y  pksdvk1 Jaoa ga lky hdfbrtk`bs hd fbrtk`bs ga g a lky bspkjda pkrk hk jrbkjdúg hdfrb. Hk jrbktdvd`k` jkstrk`k pra`ujb dg`dvd`uas trdstbs, `bsoatdvk`as, `bsdhusdagk`as. Ksï pubs, sdea rbspbtkg`a k qudbgbs ga `bsbbg dgtra`ujdr hk jrbktdvd`k` bg su vd`k,   sdekg bopbûk`as bg ugk ikhsk sbeurd`k` iruta `b hk rutdgk a `b bstrdjtks rbehks k sbeudr. ^bra jrba lkfbr `boastrk`a qub bs oujla oës rbjaobg`kfhb y jagvbgdbgtb hk dgtra`ujjdúg, kugqub sbk k pbqubûks `asds y `b iarok jagtrahk`k, `b bspkjdas y oaobgtas pkrk hk jrbktdvd`k`.

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Hk jrbktdvd`k` bs ugk ikjuhtk`, k`boës `b rbjupbrkfhb, rbjaobg`kfhb. ^ar sd iubrk  paja, ga rbqudbrb rbjbtk oä`djk gd jubstk jubst k `dgbra.  

±Bs pasdfhb rbjupbrkr hk jrbktdvd`k`1   pkrk `boastrkrha `bfbrïk `ajuobgtkr kheugas jksas `b pbrsagks, arekgdzkjdagbs ^ubs a sajdb`k`bs qub pbr`dbrag su jrbktdvd`k` y hubea hk rbjupbrkrag. Ga bs khea sbgjdhha  parqub ga lky `boksdk`as bstu`das bopïrdjas kh rbspbjta. Zb lk ob`d`a oujla has jabidjdbgtbs `b dgtbhdebgjdk pbra ga lk lkfd`a tkgtk dgvbstdekjdúg `b`djk`k k ob`dr hk jrbktdvd`k`. Kug ksï pub`a pagbr kheugas bmbophas `b kvbs iägdx `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Rga bs bh bsjrdtar Masä Zkrkokea. Ta ga sä quä bstuva lkjdbg`a jag su jrbktdvd`k` `urkgtb jdgjubgtk y ajla kûas parqub ga iub lkstk tkh b`k` bg qub ‐kh okrebg `b ugk pufhdjkjdúg prbvdk qub pksú sdg pbgk gd ehardk‐ pufhdjú hk prdobrk gavbhk jag hk qub bopbzú su rbjagajdodbgta. Bh rbsta bs jagajd`a, bgtrb has sbsbgtk y has sbtbgtk y ajla kûas `bskrrahhú hk jkrrbrk hdtbrkrdk qub hb vkhdú ug ^rboda Gafbh `b Hdtbrkturk. a sb ob ajurrbg oujlas bmbophas oës jhkras y bvd`bgtbs `b ugk jrbktdvd`k` `arod`k y rbjupbrk`k kûas `bspuäs. ^ufhdjks par vbz prdobrk k has sbsbgtk, y k has sbtbgtk y ajla kûas tb jagjb`bg bh Gafbh. Ga sä, ustb` odsoa. Degara júoa y par quä hk jrbktdvd`k` `b Zkrkokea sb `bstkpú jag tkh iubrzk k bsk b`k`. Ga tbgea gd hk oës rboatk d`bk, pbra bstay sbeura `b qub khea sujb`dú bg su vd`k, khea ha trkgsiaroú y `bjd`dú bmbrjdtkr kqubhha qub hhbvkfk `bgtra y sdboprb iub suya. Lky oujlas jksas `b ebgdkhd`k`bs tkr`ïks. Masbpl Lky`g gkjdú bg ;5:6. Zu ebgda sb okgdibstú tkr`ïkobgtb, pubs sus obmarbs afrks iubrag jaopubstks `bspuäs `b juophdr has jdgjubgtk y gubvb kûas. Edusbppb Paoksd `d Hkopb`usk, kutar `b ugk ýgdjk pbra jagajd`k gavbhk,  Bh ektapkr` ektapkr`a a, khjkgzú su äxdta juophd`as has sbsbgtk. Hbgd Vdbibgstklh iub ugk oumbr `ajuobgtkhdstk qub, pksk`as has sbtbgtk kûas `b b`k`, `bsjufrdú hk fbhhbzk `b hks praiug`d`k`bs okrdgks y sb hkgzú, jag has puhoagbs `b kjbra, k idhokrhks y iataerkidkrhks sdbg`a yk gagkebgkrdk. Zu ask`ïk hk hhbvú k bstrbgkr   pkrk su ¡jdbg juophbkûas! hk pbhïjuhk  Doprbsdag  Doprbsdagbs bs fkma bh keuk, y ug kûa oës tkr`b kfkg`agú bh oug`a tbrrbgkh.; Pbgboas tkofdäg jksas `b arekgdzkjdagbs juyk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk bstkfk oubrtk y haerkrag trkgsiarokrsb bg boprbsks dggavk`arks. Pkh lk sd`a bh jksa `b DFO y `b ^rajtbr, `as boprbsks jktkhaek`ks ‐kgtbs `b jkofdkr‐ jaoa oksta`agtbs

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arekgdzktdvas dgkoavdfhbs. Bg jk`k jksa su bstrktbedk iub `dstdgtk y bsjkpkrïk kh ëofdta `b bstb hdfra bxpagbr júoa haerkrag bh jkofda, pbra bg kofas bmbophas bstkoas kgtb `as arekgdzkjdagbs rbgkjd`ks k gdvbh `b dggavkjdúg qub bstëg raopdbg`a hks rbehks `bh mubea `b sus obrjk`as trks kûas `b bstkgjkodbgta jrbktdva.  Ga saha bs pasdfhb rbjupbrkr hk jrbktdvd`k` pbrsagkh u arekgdzktdvk. Zd ob kpurkg, tkofdäg hk `b ug pkïs bgtbra. Hk jhksdidjkjdúg `b has pkïsbs par su patbgjdkh bg dggavkjdúg y hk bidjdbgjdk k hk lark `b dggavkr `boubstrk jagtdgukobgtb qub lky kheugas bstk`as qub haerkg bg pajas kûas oa`didjkr astbgsdfhbobgtb su pasdjdúg rbspbjta kh rbsta. Bstb hdfra, sdg bofkrea, sb jbgtrk bspbjdkhobgtb bg hk jrbktdvd`k` pbrsagkh, hk `b ugk pbrsagk. T kquï pub`a kpartkr ug tbstdoagda prapda. Ta bstuvb `b`djk`a `urkgtb kûas kh jkopa `b hk boprbsk bg bh ërbk `b bstu`das `b obrjk`a y kgëhdsds bstk`ïstdja ouhtdvkrdkgtb, ugk ajupkjdúg rbhkjdagk`k jag hk jdbgjdk `urk= obta`ahaeïk y  pratajahas oktboëtdjas. ^bra ya gatkfk qub bg od dgtbrdar rbsd`ïk ugk jrbktdvd`k` hktbgtb qub puegkfk par skhdr. Bopbjä k hbbr safrb jrbktdvd`k` y ob `d jubgtk `b qub, sd ob ha prapagïk, pa`ïk trkfkmkr ta`as kqubhhas kspbjtas qub dopb`ïkg qub od jrbktdvd`k` pu`dbrk `bsphbekrsb. Bopbjä k `b`djkr pkrtb `b od tdbopa, jaopkedgëg`aha jag od trkfkma, k jrbkr. Kh  prdgjdpda, k jrbkr oäta`as pkrk hk bstk`ïstdjk. Hubea, k `bskrrahhkr gubvks tbarïks bg rbhkjdúg jag hk jrbktdvd`k` kphdjk`k k hk boprbsk, bsta bs, hk dggavkjdúg. Dgvbgtä ug oäta`a pkrk hk ebgbrkjdúg `b d`bks qub hks boprbsks pu`dbrkg utdhdzkr y qub oujlks sdeubg utdhdzkg`a. Lkstk kquï, hdfras kjk`äodjas, fësdjkobgtb. @bspuäs ob hkgjä jag has hdfras `dvuhektdvas `b boprbsk ( Hk  Hk fubgk subrtb,  Bh vbg`b`ar `b tdbopa,  Bh hdfra …). Ods afrks tuvdbrag oujlk kjaed`k. ^bra ya ga bstkfk gbera `bh boprbg`b`ar …). sktdsibjla parqub od jku`kh jrbktdva pb`ïk khea oës, `kr rdbg`k subhtk kh khok `b krtdstk qub hktïk bg od dgtbrdar. Jukg`a hb `dmb k od kebgtb hdtbrkrdk qub qubrïk bsjrdfdr tkofdäg gavbhk, ob odrú jaoa sd ob lufdbsb iuok`a khea. ^bra ob `dma qub sd bsa qubrïk lkjbr, pubs qub k`bhkgtb. T ob k`bgträ bg hk idjjdúg. Hhbva pufhdjk`ks juktra gavbhks y ug hdfra `b rbhktas frbvbs. Bh kûa qub vdbgb drä k par od qudgtk gavbhk y bh qub sbrë od `bjdoaqudgta hdfra `bs`b qub bg 6>>: pufhdjkrk bh prdobra. Ods hdfras `b idjjdúg sb trk`ujbg bg bh bxtrkgmbra, kheugas `b bhhas bg Ksdk. Prbs iubrag idgkhdstks `b dopartkgtbs prbodas hdtbrkrdas, uga `b bhhas dgtbrgkjdagkh, jaoa bh Vúouha Ekhhbeas `b gavbhk. Bh prúxdoa kûa vay k `drdedr ods `as prdobras jartas `b jdgb, jag eudagbs bsjrdtas par oï, y par supubsta sbeudrä jag hks gavbhks y has bgskyas. ±Oës k`bhkgtb1

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d d`bk. ^bra sd `b khea bstay sbeura bs `b qub sbeudrä jrbkg`a ta`as has `ïks `b od vd`k lkstk qub bstk sb kjkfb. Ga jagjdfa yk atra oa`a `b bxdstdr, `b vdvdr, `b sbr. Bstdok`a hbjtar a hbjtark, gk`k oës hbmas `b od dgtbgjdúg qub rbsuhtkr pb`kgtb. Ods `dsjuhpks sd ha lb pkrbjd`a kh rbhktkr ods haeras jrbktdvas `b has ýhtdoas `dbz kûas. Ga gbjbsdta prafkr gk`k k gk`db oës qub k oï odsoa. Bxphdja bsta parqub `bfa bg bstb  pugta `bh hdfra prafkr su tbsds prdgjdpkh= sb pub`b rbjagqudstkr hk jrbktdvd`k`. ^ubs  fdbg, k hk qub bhdodgä has dgldfd`arbs d gldfd`arbs qub, jaoa tkgtks atrks pbrsagks tdbgbg, td bgbg, kphdquä kp hdquä  patbgjdk`arbs, `bskrrahhä y pusb bg prëjtdjk oäta`as jrbktdvas, pu`b `bmkr bh oug`a `b hk boprbsk y ekgkrob hk vd`k jag hk jrbktdvd`k` hktbgtb qub `aroïk bg od dgtbrdar. Bsa sï, trkfkma jaoa ug kgdokh. Hb obta k bsta oës larks qub ug rbham. Od trkfkma ob bgjkgtk, ob kpksdagk. Ob `k ha odsoa `aodgea par hk tkr`b qub hugbs par hk okûkgk. ^ar tkgta, bh jkofda bs pasdfhb. ±T júoa pub`b rbjupbrkrsb hk jrbktdvd`k`1 Bsta bs k ha qub sb `b`djk hk sbeug`k pkrtb `b bstb hdfra. Lkrë ikhtk, prdobra, bhdodgkr has dgldfd`arbs qub dopd`bg qub kiharb (jkpïtuha juktra). Bg sbeug`a huekr, kphdjkr patbgjdk`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k` (jkpïtuhas jdgja y sbds). Bg tbrjbr huekr, kjtukr, hhbvëg`ahk k hk prëjtdjk (jkpïtuha sdbtb). T, idgkhobgtb, jaoa lb `djla, trkfkmkg`a oujla, `b`djëg`ahb larks. Hk jrbktdvd`k` bs ouy hý`djk, pra`ujb idgkhobgtb ugk erkg kutarrbkhdzkjdúg, pbra bxdeb oujla bsiubrza y `b`djkjdúg. Bg hk vd`k ga lky gk`k erktds. Hks rbjaopbgsks sag praparjdagkhbs k has bsiubrzas rbkhdzk`as. Jag hk jrbktdvd`k` ga bs `dstdgta.

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ZBERG@K ^KVPB  

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Vbjagqudstkg`a hk jrbktdvd`k`

05

 

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Obgtbs hdfrbs  

Lky iaroks, bstrktbedks, jag`ujtks y rbjursas, tkgta pbrsagkhbs jaoa arekgdzktdvas,  pkrk brrk`djkr has dgldfd`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Jag bhha, haerkrboas rbjupbrkr bh gdvbh garokh `b jrbktdvd`k` `b hk pbrsagk sumbtk k tkhbs dgldfd`arbs.  

Bg kheugas jksas, has bmbophas y bxpbrdbgjdks qub kquï bxphdjkrä ga iubrag rbsuhtk`a `b ug prapúsdta bxphïjdta= «[udbra bhdodgkr dgldfd`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`³. Jaoa jag oujlas jdbgtïidjas, pbrsbeuïk ug afmbtdva `dstdgtasujb`b y, k pastbrdard, sb `bsjufrdodbgtas lk jbrtdidjk`a qub tkofdäg sb pa`ïkg kphdjkrsb pkrk hk rb`ujjdúg `b irbgas k hk jrbktdvd`k`, tkgta pbrsagkh jaoa `b arekgdzkjdagbs. Ykoas k vbrhas.  

Bh oäta`a Ckdzbg   Zb trktk `b ug oäta`a qub rbvdstb bgarob utdhd`k` pkrk `bsfhaqubkr bh dgldfd`ar qub lboas hhkok`a «jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk³, bqudpkrkr jrbktdvd`k` k ebgdkhd`k`, y qub kphdjkrag hks boprbsks mkpagbsks bg hk sbeug`k odtk` `bh sdeha \\. Hk sajdb`k` mkpagbsk bs ouy bxdebgtb jagsdea odsok. Jagajd`as sag has jksas `b

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`drbjtdvas qub sb qudtkg hk vd`k jukg`a ga lkg khjkgzk`a has rbsuhtk`as qub `b bhhas sb bspbrkfk. A has `b ldmas ýgdjas qub, `bfd`a k ug irkjksa bsjahkr, pbrokgbjbg hkrea tdbopa bgjbrrk`as bg su lkfdtkjdúg. Has mkpagbsbs bstëg ouy jaopraobtd`as jag bh rbsuhtk`a. Jukg`a bstb ga sb aftdbgb, hhbekg hk irustrkjdúg y bh `bsëgdoa. Kh tbrodgkr hk Zbeug`k Eubrrk Oug`dkh, Mkpúg ga brk hk patbgjdk dg`ustrdkh qub lay bs. @b lbjla, has mkpagbsbs tbgïkg vbr`k`bras prafhboks pkrk haerkr ugk jkhd`k` kjbptkfhb. ^d`dbrag kyu`k k Bstk`as Rgd`as, jag qudbg hks rbhkjdagbs lkfïkg yk obmark`a, kjkfk`k hk jagtdbg`k. Kphdjkg`a oäta`as `b trkfkma pravbgdbgtbs `b hks iubrzks odhdtkrbs, U. B`wkr`s @bodge y Masbpl O. Murkg `bskrrahhkrag ugk obta`ahaeïk qub, fësdjkobgtb y sdophdidjkg`a su `bsjrdpjdúg, jagsdstïk bg «obmarkr ug paja rbspbjta kh `ïk kgtbrdar³. «Ga bs prbjdsa lkjbrha ta`a fdbg ‐hbs `dmbrag k has gdpagbs‐. Fkstk jag qub lkeëds kheugks jasks ug paja obmar qub bh `ïk kgtbrdar. Khdk`as jag bh ikjtar tdbopa, bsks pbqubûks obmarks sb trk`ujdrëg bg bxjbhbgtbs rbsuhtk`as.³ ^krk has mkpagbsbs, tkg bstrbsk`as y fhaqubk`as par khjkgzkr has afmbtdvas, tkh obta`ahaeïk supusa ugk erkg ob`djdgk. Ga lkfïk qub bxdedrsb tkgta. Fkstkfk jag obmarkr ug paja ta`as has `ïks. K pkrtdr `b klï, `bskrrahhkrag ta`a ug sdstbok `b rbjaed`k `b dgiarokjdúg k idg `b qub jukhqudbr pbrsagk `b hk arekgdzkjdúg ‐paja dopartkfk sd sb lkhhkfk bg hk jk`bgk `b oagtkmb a bg bh `bpkrtkobgta `b Dgebgdbrïk‐   pu`dbrk kpartkr khea qub sb trk`umbrk bg ugk obmark a klarra. Pkh vbz sb trktkfk `b ugk gdodb`k`= «Zd has jaopagbgtbs hhbekg par hk jdgtk trkgspartk`ark dgjhdgk`as ugas erk`as oës, pub`a kprbtkr bh targdhha bg ug sbeug`a obgas³, par bmbopha. ^bra ga dopartkfk. Pa`k hk dgiarokjdúg `bfïk sbr jagsd`brk`k. Has mkpagbsbs `bskrrahhkrag ksï bh oäta`a jagajd`a lay jaoa «obmark jagtdguk³ y qub kjkfú jagvdrtdäg`asb bg bh `b «jkhd`k` tatkh³. Ha pkrk`úmdja bs qub gugjk sb phkgtbkrag hk jkhd`k` tatkh jaoa ug afmbtdva. ^rafkfhbobgtb, sd lufdbrkg qubrd`a `bs`b ug dgdjda `dsbûkr ug oäta`a pkrk khjkgzkr  hk bxjbhbgjdk bg jkhd`k` dg`ustrdkh ga ha lkfrïkg jagsbeud`a gugjk. Hhbekrag, sdophbobgtb, jaoa rbsuhtk`a `b lkjbr kheugk jask obmar ta`as has `ïks y `b prbpkrkr  k hk arekgdzkjdúg pkrk rbjaebr bsk dgiarokjdúg y jkgkhdzkrhk `b hk iarok k`bjuk`k. ^krk`úmdjkobgtb, kûas `bspuäs, jukg`a Payatk sb brdedú bg ug oa`bha dg`ustrdkh  pkrk bh rbsta `bh oug`a, hks ugdvbrsd`k`bs gartbkobrdjkgks pd`dbrag k has mkpagbsbs qub `diug`dbsbg sus obta`ahaeïks par Bstk`as Rgd`as k trkväs `b sus jbgtras ugdvbrsdtkrdas. ^ub`a dokedgkr júoa kheýg dgebgdbra sb phkgtkfk `bhkgtb `b has bstu`dkgtbs gartbkobrdjkgas y hbs `bjïk= «Lkjb trbdgtk y jdgja kûas vdgdbrag ustb`bs y

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gas `dmbrag qub ldjdärkoas khea obmar jk`k `ïk, y bsa bs ha qub lboas lbjla³. ±[uä rbhkjdúg eukr`k bh oäta`a Ckdzbg jag hk bhdodgkjdúg `b dgldfd`arbs bg jrbktdvd`k`1 ^ubs qub hk jrbktdvd`k` k pbqubûas skhtas tkofdäg bs jrbktdvd`k`. Hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk dgldfb parqub gas idmk ug afmbtdva tkg kofdjdasa qub, par  dopasdfhb, pra`ujb `bsoatdvkjdúg. Kgjhk hk jrbbgjdk `b qub pra`ujta jrbktdva bs deukh k jrbkjdúg bxjbhsk. ^ubs ga bs ksï. Jukhqudbr dggavkjdúg, jukhqudbr gubvk d`bk, jukhqudbr praerbsdúg bg bh krtb, jukhqudbr pbqubûk kpartkjdúg k ug bstdha bs jrbktdvd`k`. Ga bs jrbktdvd`k` k erkg`bs skhtas, pbra bs deukhobgtb jrbktdvd`k`. Hk kjbptkjdúg `b bstk oëxdok y su pubstk bg prëjtdjk oa`didjk jaophbtkobgtb hk kjtdtu` `bh jrbk`ar, `bh dggavk`ar, `bh jrbktdva. Ha hdfbrk `b ugk pbsk`k jkrek. Ga `bfb bspbrkr kphkusa kheuga. @bfb, sbgjdhhkobgtb, khdkrsb jag bh tdbopa y kprbg`br k oa`didjkr pbqubûks jasks. Jaopkrboas ug kutaoúvdh kjtukh jag has prdobras oa`bhas. Has dgebgdbras mkoës sb phkgtbkrag oa`didjkr bsbgjdkhobgtb, jaophbtkobgtb, ug jajlb. ±Júoa sb lk  pra`ujd`a hk dggavkjdúg dgga vkjdúg bg kutaoajdúg1 kutaoajd úg1 K pbqubûas skht skhtas. as. Rgk d`bk pkrk obmarkr hk jkrfurkjdúg3 atrk, pkrk has irbgas3 atrk, pkrk hk kbra`dgëodjk3 atrk kpartkjdúg pkrk bh jagsuoa3 atrk, pkrk hk sbeurd`k`. Ksï `urkgtb `äjk`ks. @b obmark bg obmark, gugjk  fusjkg`a bh jkofda rk`djkh a `dsruptdva. Hk bxjbhbgjdk sb lk khjkgzk`a jag bh tdbopa. T, jaoa rbsuhtk`a, ug jajlb `b ;42> sb pkrbjb ouy paja k uga kjtukh. Bs `bjdr, qub `b pbqubûk bg pbqubûk obmark, bs tkofdäg pasdfhb haerkr ug jkofda rk`djkh a ugk patbgtb dggavkjdúg. Hk jrbktdvd`k` rbqudbrb bgtrbga. Zujb`b jaoa jag jukhqudbr atrk `dsjdphdgk. Ga sb kprbg`b k dggavkr a k jrbkr ob`dkgtb d`bks trkgserbsarks y raopb`arks. Zb kprbg`b k trkväs `b bgtrbgkr hk pbqubûk dggavkjdúg, hk jrbktdvd`k` erk`ukh. @b lbjla, jukg`a ugk arekgdzkjdúg kgjhk`k bg hk dgoavdhd`k`, trk`djdagkh, `ag`b `bs`b lkjb kûas ga sb  pra`ujbg dggavkjdagbs, `b rbpbgtb hkgzk kh obrjk`a a trktk `b pagbr bg okrjlk ugk dggavkjdúg `dsruptdvk y raopb`ark, garokhobgtb sb bstrbhhk, irkjksk. Bs húedja. Hhbvk `boksdk`a tdbopa sdg dggavkr. Zb bgtrbek `b pragta k bhha jag ug pra`ujta khtkobgtb jrbktdva. Jaoa bstë `bskjastuofrk`k, ga subhb dophbobgtkr fdbg bsb jkofda. ^krk qub ugk arekgdzkjdúg pub`k dophbobgtkr ugk dggavkjdúg `dsruptdvk, `bfb bstkr  lkfdtuk`k k dgjarparkr dggavkjdagbs erk`ukhbs a okredgkhbs. Bsta qub bxphdja pkrk arekgdzkjdagbs a boprbsks bs deukhobgtb vëhd`a pkrk hk jrbktdvd`k` pbrsagkh a krtïstdjk. Hbs pag`rä ug bmbopha pbrsagkh. Bg od ikjbtk `b bsjrdtar, jukg`a ob phkgtbä bgirbgtkrob jag od prdobrk gavbhk ob ikhtkfk hk

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bxpbrdbgjdk, bspbjdkhobgtb hks jkpkjd`k`bs täjgdjks y jrbktdvks qub hk hdtbrkturk `b idjjdúg rbqudbrb. ±Júoa ldjb pkrk `bskrrahhkrhks1 ^rdobra ob iaroä= hbï jukgta pu`b safrb bsjrdturk, safrb hks bstrktbedks `bh gkrrk`ar, safrb júoa sb jagstruybg fubgas  pbrsagkmbs, safrb júoa haerkr hk ktoúsibrk `b ugk gavbhk, btjätbrk. Bsa bg bh jkopa `b hk iarokjdúg täjgdjk, pbra ±y hk jrbktdvd`k`1  Gbjbsdtkfk tkofdäg «bmbrjdtkr³ hk jrbktdvd`k` hdtbrkrdk bg hk idjjdúg. Vbsuhtkfk dopbgskfhb bsjrdfdr vkrdks gavbhks jaoa iarok `b bgtrbgkodbgta. Brk `boksdk`a bsiubrza. Paoä bgtagjbs bh oäta`a Ckdzbg. Jrbktdvd`k` k pbqubûas skhtas. ±Juëh bs bh eägbra oës frbvb bg hk idjjdúg1 Bh rbhkta. @b`dquä khrb`b`ar `b `as kûas k bsjrdfdr rbhktas `b ta`k ïg`ahb. Jubgtas frbvbs, ldstardks jartks, odjrarrbhktas, dgjhusa kheugas `b ug përrkia. Pbgea bsjrdtas oujlas rbhktas dgä`dtas. Pkh vbz kheýg `ïk bsjamk has obmarbs, has rbvdsb y has pufhdqub. ^bra ga ob phkgtbä lkjbrha bg kqubh oaobgta. Brkg rbhktas pkrk bmbrjdtkrob, pkrk lkjbr  jrbktdvd`k` k pbqubûas skhtas. ^bqubûks d`bks, pbqubûks prubfks. Ga prbtbg`ïk khjkgzkr hk bxjbhbgjdk, saha prafkr. Kh jkfa `b bsb tdbopa, ob vd yk prbpkrk`a, tkgta täjgdjk jaoa jrbktdvkobgtb, pkrk kjaobtbr od prdobrk gavbhk,  ^khkfrks fkma bh okr. Hhbva `bs`b bgtagjbs juktra gavbhks bsjrdtks. Hk jrbktdvd`k` k pbqubûas skhtas iub bh oa`a bg qub haerä gavbhkr  jag sahvbgjdk. Atrk bstrktbedk. Bg bh tbrrbga pbrsagkh, jrba qub bs gbjbskrda rbspag`brgas k bstks  prbeugtks= «±^ar quä qudbra jrbkr1 ±[uä qudbra qud bra jagsbeudr1³. Zd hk rbspubstk bstë rbhkjdagk`k jag hk bxjbhbgjdk, bh pksa k hk pastbrd`k`, bh kphkusa, bh rbjagajdodbgta dgtbrgkjdagkh, has prbodas a has hkurbhbs, bs iëjdh qub bh dgldfd`ar qub gas ajupk sb dgtbrpagek bgtrb gasatras y gubstrk jrbktdvd`k`. Bs khtkobgtb prafkfhb qub, k ga sbr qub sbkoas kheudbg kfsahutkobgtb ebgdkh, bh fhaquba kpkrbzjk kgtbs a `bspuäs. Vbjar`boas hk iugjdúg bsbgjdkh `b hk jrbktdvd`k`= ugk iarok `b bxprbsdúg qub  pbrodtb rbjagajbrgas bg hks jasks k trkväs `b su trkgsideurkjdúg, ugk iarok `b bmbrjbr  hk hdfbrtk`, bh `bsba y hk dgtbhdebgjdk. ^ubs fdbg, sd bh afmbtdva `b kutarrbkhdzkjdúg bstë bxbgta, tatkh a pkrjdkhobgtb, `bh rbjagajdodbgta bxtbrga bs oujla oës sbgjdhha kphdjkr hk jrbktdvd`k` k pbqubûas skhtas. Jukg`a bh afmbtdva bs `dsirutkr jrbkg`a, bh gdvbh `b jrbktdvd`k` khjkgzk`a pksk k sbr jagsbjubgjdk `b hk kjtdvd`k` jrbktdvk, y ga ug afmbtdva bg sï odsoa. Hk bhdodgkjdúg `bh dgldfd`ar «jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk³ afhdek tkofdäg k ugk praiug`k y lagbstk rbvdsdúg `b hk oatdvkjdúg rbkh qub pbrsbeudoas jukg`a jrbkoas.

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^bgskr lkjdk ug afmbtdva sdg tbgbr afmbtdvas   Jukg`a, par bmbopha, kh pbrsagkh `b ugk boprbsk sb hb bxdeb oës jrbktdvd`k`, k obgu`a sb pravajk kgsdb`k`. «±Bstkrä yk sdbg`a suidjdbgtbobgtb jrbktdva1³, sb  phkgtbk kgeustdk`a bh trkfkmk`ar. Khea pkrbjd`a ajurrb jag hks rbhkjdagbs pbrsagkhbs. ^b`doas k gubstrk pkrbmk suebrbgjdks pkrk jaougdjkrgas obmar y hks d`bks ga kpkrbjbg. «±Jrbbrë qub hk jaougdjkjdúg lk obmark`a1³, sb prbeugtkrë jagstkgtbobgtb hk pkrbmk. Bg ajksdagbs, bh afmbtdva gas bgirbgtk k ug ksidxdkgtb bxkobg `dkrda. Hk prbsdúg dgldfb hk jrbktdvd`k` y bh ksugta bopbark. Hk täjgdjk `b has afmbtdvas dopasdfhbs `brruofk bstk fkrrbrk. Zb pkrbjb ug paja k ha qub papuhkrobgtb sb jagajb jaoa «pb`drhb pbrks kh ahoa³. Bg huekr `b idmkr ug afmbtdva phkusdfhb, sb kjubr`k uga dopasdfhb, dgkhjkgzkfhb. Bg gubstra bmbopha, sbrïk= «[ubrboas qub ga lkyk ug saha ikhha kh kûa jag has jhdbgtbs³. Bg bh `b hk pkrbmk= «^rajuräoagas hk odsok jagidkgzk qub jag gasatras odsoas³. «¡Mkoës ha haerkrboas!³, bs hk rbspubstk. Ikgtëstdja, yk bstkoas `b kjubr`a. Ga vkoas k bxdedrha. Lkrboas khea `dstdgta= kgkhdzkr par quä bs dopasdfhb. Tk ga sb trktk `b `boastrkr gk`k, sdga `b d`bgtdidjkr quä lbjlas, kspbjtas, pbrsagks a jdrjugstkgjdks dopd`bg khjkgzkr bh afmbtdva. Hk ktbgjdúg sb `drdeb bgtagjbs k d`bgtdidjkr has prafhboks qub gas dopd`bg kvkgzkr    `bskpkrbjbg hk kgsdb`k` par bh rbsuhtk`a, bh odb`a kh brrar, hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk. ^bra… ±sbrvdrëg hks sahujdagbs k afmbtdvas dopasdfhbs pkrk afmbtdvas vbrkjbs1 Patkhobgtb. ±Ga bs húedja qub pkrk sbr khea oës bidjdbgtb jag has jhdbgtbs lkyk qub obmarkr hks odsoks jasks qub pkrk sbr bxjbhbgtbs1 ±T qub pkrk obmarkr hk jaougdjkjdúg jag hk pkrbmk lkyk qub kjtukr safrb has odsoas dopb`dobgtas qub pkrk tbgbr ugk jagidkgzk oagstruask1 Has irbgas qub dopd`bg ha ksbqudfhb sag has odsoas qub gas sbpkrkg `b ha drrbkhdzkfhb. Bg Lbwhbtt ^kjckr`, Malg Tauge utdhdzkfk bstk täjgdjk. ^hkgtbkfk afmbtdvas kfsur`as jaoa bstas= «Bg huekr `b `bskrrahhkr ugk gubvk doprbsark bg ug kûa, ha lkrboas bg ug obs³. A= «Fkmboas has prbjdas `b hk Hksbrmbt ug 4> %³. «¡Dopasdfhb!³, bxjhkokfkg ta`as sus jahkfark`arbs. «@b kjubr`a ‐kjbptkfk Tauge  ‐, bs dgkhjkgzkfhb. Klark d`bgtdidqubg par quä ga pa`boas phkgtbkrgas bstas afmbtdvas.³ Zus bqudpas ga tbgïkg prbsdúg par bh afmbtdva y sb jagjbgtrkfkg bg

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d`bgtdidjkr quä hbs dopb`ïk sbr oës rëpd`as y oës fkrktas. ^bgskfkg `b okgbrk hdfrb y jrbktdvk. Jurdaskobgtb, k uga sb hb ajurrdú= «^krk fkmkr bh prbjda `b hk doprbsark ug 4> %, jafräoashk k prbjda `b jastb y pagekoas ta`a bh okrebg bg bh túgbr³. Bstk d`bk jagtrdfuyú kh hd`brkzea `b L^. ¡T pravdga `b ugk rbugdúg `b afmbtdvas dopasdfhbs! Hk jagjhusdúg hk kusbgjdk hdfbrtk`, pdbgsk hk jukhoës bs bsbgjdkh pkrk jrbkrbsb qub dgvbgtkr. Jukg`a`bugkbvkhukjdúg pbrsagk gapraparjdagk sb sdbgtb bvkhuk`k, hdfrbobgtb. Bstk jagjhusdúg bs tkjlk`k `b pbhderask par oujlas b`ujk`arbs a `drbjtdvas, par qudbgbs `drdebg bqudpas `b pbrsagks, bg `bidgdtdvk. ±Júoa vkoas k ebstdagkr, bvkhukr a prbodkr k hks pbrsagks sd ga hks bvkhukoas1 Oktdjboas. Bg prdobr huekr, ga sdboprb bs gbjbskrda bvkhukr. Lky pkrjbhks `b gubstra trkfkma `ag`b hk kusbgjdk `b bvkhukjdúg ga supagb ug rdbsea gd bs ugk iubgtb `b dgbidjdbgjdk. Bg sbeug`a huekr, bstkoas `boksdk`a kjastuofrk`as k hks bvkhukjdagbs fksk`ks bg rbgtkfdhd`k` bjagúodjk a rbsuhtk`as kjk`äodjas. Bxdstbg atras tdpas `b bvkhukjdúg, `b ïg`ahb jukhdtktdvk, juyk bibjtdvd`k` bs oujla okyar  jukg`a sb trktk `b patbgjdkr hk dggavkjdúg y jrbktdvd`k` `b hks pbrsagks dophdjk`ks. ^ar bmbopha, lky boprbsks qub bvkhýkg k sus bqudpas bg iugjdúg `b juëgta `dgbra `krïkg hks d`bks prapubstks dg`bpbg`dbgtbobgtb `b sd sag a ga phkusdfhbs. ^krk rbjaopbgskr sb prbeugtkg= «Zd bsta qub ga pub`b rbkhdzkrsb iubrk pasdfhb, ±kpartkrïk vkhar1³. Zd hk rbspubstk bs kidroktdvk, hk bvkhukjdúg bs pasdtdvk, y sb prbodk deukhobgtb jag ug dgjbgtdva. ±Pdbgb sbgtd`a prbodkr ha qub ga pa`boas dophbobgtkr1 ±Ga sb iaobgtk ksï bh kfsur`a y hk bxtrkvkekgjdk1 Ga, sd sb lkjb fdbg. Bstks arekgdzkjdagbs dggavk`arks tdbgbg jaoprafk`a qub sd prbodkg hks d`bks jag patbgjdkh, tkr`b a tboprkga kpkrbjbrë kheugk qub sb pub`k hhbvkr k hk prëjtdjk. Bg jkofda, sd saha prbodkg d`bks ikjtdfhbs, hks pbrsagks bg fusjk `b dgjbgtdvas sbeuras saha kpartkrëg d`bks okredgkhbs, `b ouy pbqubûa vkhar kûk`d`a.  

Hk rbhktdvd`k` sajdkh   Lboas vdsta qub atra `b has erkg`bs dgldfd`arbs bs bh prapda prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg `bh gdûa. Bsk btkpk `urkgtb hk jukh has k`uhtas trktkoas `b ksbeurkr hk dgsbrjdúg sajdkh `bh lay dgikgtb y okûkgk laofrb a oumbr `b pravbjla. Bhdodgkr bstb dgldfd`ar pkrbjb jagtrkpra`ujbgtb= ±júoa pkhdkr, `urkgtb bh

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jrbjdodbgta y bh `bskrrahha dgtbhbjtukh `bh gdûa, su kprbg`dzkmb `b garoks sajdkhbs sdg krramkr jaoa rbsuhtk`a k ug dgk`kptk`a1 Hk rbspubstk ga bs sbgjdhhk y tkh vbz sbk bstb uga `b has prdgjdpkhbs prafhboks y rbtas k has qub sb bgirbgtkg has phkgbs b`ujktdvas `b hk okyarïk `b hks sajdb`k`bs. [ubrboas qub hks prúxdoks ebgbrkjdagbs kprbg`kg k jagvdvdr jaoa lkjboas gasatras, pbra tkofdäg qub sbkg pbra jkpkjbs bh oug`a. @bsbkoas jrbktdvk qub ga tbgekg prafhboks `b k`kptkjdúg, qub `b ga jkofdkr qub`b obrok`k su jkpkjd`k` gd su hdfbrtk` jrbk`ark. ^ubs fdbg, sd qubrboas kofks jasks ga gas qub`k atra rbob`da qub rbjagajbr   pýfhdjkobgtb bh jkrëjtbr jkrëjtb r rbhktdva `b hk garok. @bfbrïk sbr pasdfhb bgsbûkr k gubstras ldmas qub hks garoks qub hbs bxdedoas  pa`rïkg sbr `dstdgtks. @bfbrïkoas dgjhusa oastrkrhbs júoa bg atras huekrbs a bg atrks äpajks `b hk ldstardk lufa ebgtb fkma garoks bgtagjbs praldfd`ks qub lay sb pub`bg trkgserb`dr. T lkjbrhbs vbr qub bs prafkfhb qub bg ug iutura kheugks `b hks garoks qub hbs jbrjbgkg pub`kg tkofdäg jkofdkr b, dgjhusa, `bskpkrbjbr. Fdbg, pub`a vbr `bs`b bh atra hk`a `bh pkpbh júoa kheýg b`ujk`ar tubrjb bh ebsta. Zbrïk `boksdk`a pbhderasa. @boksdk`a jaophdjk`a. Rgk `b hks prdgjdpkhbs afmbjdagbs k jaougdjkr k has gdûas hk rbhktdvd`k` `b hks garoks sajdkhbs a `b jaopartkodbgta bs qub sb vdgjuhk k `bsar`bg y, par tkgta, k  pär`d`k `b kutard`k`. Zd ug praibsar `djb k sus khuogas qub qudzë `bgtra `b bquds kûas pa`rëg erdtkr `urkgtb hk jhksb, tkh vbz sb hb bsjkpb `b hks okgas bh jagtrah `b hk sdtukjdúg y pdbr`k su jrb`dfdhd`k` y kutard`k` kgtb bsas gdûas. Bsa bs ha qub  pbgskoas. ^ubs jrba qub ajurrdrïk oës fdbg ta`a ha jagtrkrda. T ha kreuobgtkrä `bs`b `as pugtas `b vdstk. Rga, `boastrkg`a hk dg`bpbg`bgjdk kfsahutk bgtrb bxdebgjdk y jagjdbgjdk `b hk rbhktdvd`k` garoktdvk. Rg bmbopha jhkrïsdoa= sd ya bxphdja k ugas múvbgbs qub bg Vbdga Rgd`a sb jag`ujb par hk `brbjlk bg huekr `b par hk dzqudbr`k, bstay lkjdbg`a vbr ha rbhktdva `b ugk garok `b trëidja. ±Zdegdidjk bsa qub hks jagsbjubgjdks `b odrkr  k hk `brbjlk bg huekr `b k hk dzqudbr`k kgtbs `b jruzkr k hk jkhhb lkg `bskpkrbjd`a1 ^ubs ga. Zd `bmkoas `b odrkr k hk dzqudbr`k bh rbsuhtk`a pub`b sbr ug ktrapbhha. T bh gdûa ha skfb parqub ga bs tagta. Bh lbjla `b qub rbjagazjkoas qub ugk garok bs `dstdgtk bg atra sdtda a bg atrk äpajk `b hk ldstardk, a `b qub dgjhusa jaopkrtkoas qub hks garoks kjtukhbs pub`kg sbr `dstdgtks bg bh tdbopa, bs dg`bpbg`dbgtb `b hks jagsbjubgjdks qub tbgek dgirdgedrhks.

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Has gdûas sb prbeugtkg bh parquä `b hks jasks. Jukg`a bxphdjkoas, jag obgtkhd`k` kfdbrtk, hks `dibrbgtbs pasdfdhd`k`bs y ha rbhktdva `b hks iaroks sajdkhbs, gas vboas afhdek`as k kreuobgtkr, k rkzagkr, k bxphdjkr. Bh gdûa bgtbg`brë bgtagjbs bh oatdva qub lky `btrës `b hk bxdebgjdk. «Bg atras pkïsbs ga bs prbjdsa hbvkgtkr hk okga pkrk  prbeugtkr, pbra ya qudbra qub sbk ksï pkrk k`odgdstrkr hk pkrtdjdpkjdúg y ksbeurkr qub ta`a bh oug`a tbgek apjdúg ods prbeugtks.³ «Bg atrksjaoa juhturks sb `k hk okga pkrk skhu`kr, pbra `bk rbspag`br ga lkjbrhakbg gubstra pkïs, qub`krës ugk ga pbrsagk kgtdpëtdjk.³ Btjätbrk. Rg k`uhta qub bxprbsb hk rbhktdvd`k` `b ugk garok k ug gdûa pbra qub sbk jagtug`bgtb a dgihbxdfhb bg su bxdebgjdk, aftbg`rë oës rbspbta y jrb`dfdhd`k` par   pkrtb `b bsb gdûa qub sd, sbgjdhhkobgtb, bxdeb sdg sd g oës jagtrkpkrtd`k. Bstay rbjagajdbg`a qub ta`a pa`rïk sbr `b atrk iarok, pbra bxdma qub sbk bg hk iarok qub sajdkhobgtb lboas k`aptk`a.  Gkturkhobgtb ga bs bsta khea qub `bfk lkjbrsb sdboprb gd jag ta`ks hks garoks. Fkstk jag, sbgjdhhkobgtb, `b vbz bg jukg`a, rbjagajbr hk rbhktdvd`k` `b hk garok sajdkh, kfrdr hk obgtb `bh gdûa a `b has múvbgbs, tbgbr hk ku`kjdk `b jubstdagkrgas kqubhha k ha qub dgjhusa bgtrb gasatras gas afhdekoas. T, `as. Lb kquï ug bmbrjdjda dgtbrbskgtb pkrk qub ug b`ujk`ar kphdqub bg jhksb= bhbedr ugk garok `b jagvdvbgjdk qub bs kjtukhobgtb fbgbidjdask pkrk ta`a bh erupa,  par bmbopha, hk `b rbpkrtdr rbspagskfdhd`k`bs bg bh kuhk (bgjkrek`a `b hk pdzkrrk, `b hks tdzks, `b hk pkpbhbrk, btj.). T `bspuäs, `bfktdr sd bsk iarok `b jagvdvbgjdk pa`rïk sbr `dstdgtk, vkharkg`a atrks khtbrgktdvks. Idgkhobgtb, kjbptkr `b oaobgta, kugqub  pub`k lkfbr atrks pasdfdhd`k`bs obmarbs, jagtdgukr jag hk qub jaoa erupa a bsjubhk lboas k`aptk`a. Jrba qub ga lkfrïk obmar khtbrgktdvk kh jkstdea ‐sd bg bh iutura sb dgirdgeb tkh garok‐ qub ug prajbsa ksï. Jag sbeurd`k`, bsas gdûas kjbptkrïkg obmar qub gk`db hk garok trkgserb`d`k. Zb pra`ujdrïk ug kutajagvbgjdodbgta. Ha qub prdok ga bs hk kutard`k` `bh okbstra sdga ug rbjagajdodbgta `b hk kjbptkjdúg `b ugk garok par   pkrtb `b ug erupa sajdkh, bg bstb jksa, hk jhksb. Atra fubg okbstra `b hk rbhktdvdzkjdúg `b hks garoks bs vdkmkr, jagajbr atrks juhturks. Bg tkhbs jksas ga bs prbjdsa ugk ideurk `b kutard`k` bxphdjkg`a qub hks jasks  pub`bg sbr `dstdgtks. `d stdgtks. Ha prbsbgjdkoas, prb sbgjdkoas, ha vboas, v boas, ha jagstktkoas dg sdtu. Bh jagtrkstb ja gtrkstb bs dgbvdtkfhb. Ydkmkr y `bspbrtkr k atrks juhturks bs dopbrktdva bg ugk sajdb`k` qub `bsbb dg`dvd`uas kfdbrtas k atrks pasdfdhd`k`bs, obgtbs `bspdbrtks b dgtbhdebgjdks jrbktdvks. Ga lky obmar kgtï`ata jagtrk hk kfsahutdzkjdúg `b hks garoks qub ug fubg

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vdkmb, y jukgta oës hbmas, obmar.  

Hk rbfbh`ïk jagtrahk`k   Lky pbrsagks k qudbgbs kibjtk paja bh dgldfd`ar sajdkh `b hk garok. Ebgtb qub, sbeurkobgtb par rkzagbs psdjahúedjks rbhkjdagk`ks jag su prapdk bstrujturk `b jkrëjtbr y `b hk rbhkjdúg qub lk bstkfhbjd`a `bs`b hk dgikgjdk jag sus pk`rbs, bs `b gkturkhbzk rbfbh`b. Pa`as lboas jagajd`a k pbrsagks rbfbh`bs kheugk vbz. Zag dg`dvd`uas qub tdbg`bg k dr k hk jagtrk, k `bjdr qub «ga³ par jukhqudbr oatdva, k jubstdagkr jagtdgukobgtb ha qub sb prapagb. Dgjhusa k vbjbs gas pkrbjb qub tkh rbfbh`ïk sdg `bsjkgsa bs ugk bstrktbedk pkrk jagvbrtdrsb bg bh jbgtra `b ktbgjdúg. Hks pbrsagks `b jkrëjtbr rbfbh`b tdbgbg ugk vbgtkmk= par su prapdk iarok `b sbr, par  su prapda jkrëjtbr tdbgbg bh lëfdta `b bgirbgtkrsb k hk garok, k hk kutard`k`. Bs vbr`k` qub has rbfbh`bs tdbgbg oës pasdfdhd`k`bs `b sbr jrbktdvas, pbra hk rbfbh`ïk ga bs ugk jag`djdúg suidjdbgtb pkrk khjkgzkr hk jrbktdvd`k`. Jrbkjdúg dophdjk `bstrujjdúg y `bspuäs jagstrujjdúg. Rg `ïsjaha sdg oës tdbgb hk vbgtkmk `b qub bs jkpkz `b rbtkr ha bstkfhbjd`a, `bstruyb `b iarok gkturkh, khea qub, pkrk oujlks atrks bstrujturks `b  pbrsagkhd`k` ‐obtú`djas a bopëtdjas, par bmbopha‐, rbsuhtk rb suhtk oujla oës dgjúoa`a  vdahbgta. ^bra bh rbfbh`b qub ga jagstruyb trks `bstrudr ga bs jrbktdva, bs purkobgtb `bstrujtdva. Gas dgtbrbsk sbr rbfbh`bs par ugas oaobgtas, pa`br bgirbgtkrgas k ideurks `b kutard`k` sdg sbgtdrgas kobgkzk`as, rbtkr ha bstkfhbjd`a sdg sbgtdr qub bstkoas afstkjuhdzkg`a k hk sajdb`k` a gas pagboas bg pbhdera. Ha d`bkh sbrïk sbr  rbfbh`bs `b iarok tboparkh y oaobgtëgbk ‐y qub hk ideurk `b kutard`k` qub gas supbrvdsk sbk jagsjdbgtb `b bhha‐ parqub pa`rboas brrk`djkr bsk gbjbsd`k` `b kjbptkjdúg k hk qub gas lkg d`a kjastuofrkg`a hk b`ujkjdúg y hk dgsbrjdúg sajdkh. Hk obmar iarok `b haerkr ugk rbfbh`ïk jagtrahk`k bs, prbjdskobgtb, pagdbg`a `b okgdidbsta bh jkrëjtbr tboparkh, jagtrahk`a y vahugtkrda `b bsk rbfbh`ïk. Bs jaoa bh bmbrjdjda qub phkgtbkfk bg bh pugta kgtbrdar. Hbs `dea k has khuogas= «Zä qub bstk bs gubstrk garok, pbra vkoas k jagsd`brkr, par ug oaobgta, qub ga ha sbk³. Ha odsoa pub`b kphdjkrsb kh krtb= «Zä qub hk täjgdjk `b hk kjukrbhk bxdeb obzjhkr jag keuk, pbra vkoas k jagsd`brkr oaobgtëgbkobgtb qub ga sbk gbjbskrda. ±Jag quä atrks jasks pa`boas obzjhkr hk pdgturk qub ga sbk keuk1 ±^a`boas dgjhusa ga obzjhkrhk jag gk`k1 ±^a`boas…1³.

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Bstkoas rbtkg`a ha bstkfhbjd`a, hk garok, hk iarok `b lkjbr, bstkoas pbrodtdbg`a qub ga sb kphdqub bh pratajaha rbjaobg`k`a y `kg`a pbrodsa k prafkr atra `dstdgta. Zustdtudoas hk bidjdbgjdk par hk bxpbrdobgtkjdúg. Bstb pbrodsa ga `bfb gbjbskrdkobgtb bokgkr `b ugk vaz supbrdar. Ha qub sï jagsd`bra kprapdk`a bs rbskhtkr bh jkrëjtbr bxpbrdobgtkh `b hk kjtdtu` `bstrujtdvk a rbfbh`b. «Zä qub pbrsagkmb `bfb sbr jalbrbgtb k ha hkrea hdfra, pbra±Kvay bxpbrdobgtkr quäugsujb`b sd dgtra`uzja hk dgjalbrbgjdk `b `b ugugpbrsagkmb. quäk  pasdfdhd`k`bs gkrrktdvks ob hhbvk1 ±Júoa ob afhdek k dgtra`ujdr jkofdas bg bh kreuobgta1³ Zag bxphasdagbs jrbktdvks jagtrahk`ks. Vaopboas ksï iëjdhobgtb hk kjtdtu` dgldfd`ark= «Bsta `bfb lkjbrsb ksï3 bstk bs hk garok3 ods supbrdarbs ga ob pbrodtbg tkh kjjdúg3 hk sajdb`k` rbqudbrb qub…³.  

Hk  gbjbsd`k` `b ug Plba ^ar supubsta, ta`a bsta bs rbhktdvkobgtb iëjdh `b lkjbr jukg`a bh bgtarga ‐tkgta k gdvbh arekgdzktdva jaoa prdvk`a‐ bs jagtrahk`a. Bstkoas prafkg`a, bgskykg`a. Hk `didjuhtk` kpkrbjb jukg`a lboas aftbgd`a khea gubva. Klark `bsbkoas  phksokrha, skjkrha k hk huz, `bjdr= «Bsta tbgïk sbgtd`a³. Pbgïk sbgtd`a obzjhkr hk kjukrbhk jag kjbdtb3 a tbgïk sbgtd`a ugk hïgbk kreuobgtkh jag ug pbrsagkmb qub ga okgtdbgb hk jalbrbgjdk, bstb bs od hdfra, bstk bs od gavbhk, od ldstardk. ±Zbrë jaoprbg`d`k1 ±A `bskprafk`k1 Bh rbjlkza sajdkh, bh rbjlkza `b hk jrïtdjk, bh `bs`äg `b has kjk`äodjas, hk dgjaoprbgsdúg `bh pýfhdja bstëg klï y ga bs iëjdh sustrkbrsb k bhhas. ^arqub ugk jask bs rbtkr bh stktu qua pkrk prafkr bg sahdtkrda y atrk fdbg `dstdgtk lkjbr pýfhdja bh rbsuhtk`a. Bsta bs bspbjdkhobgtb rbhbvkgtb bg hk jrbktdvd`k` krtïstdjk a bxprbsdvk, `ag`b has bstdhas y has eustas `bsbopbûkg ug pkpbh `btbrodgkgtb. Bg bh jksa `b hks dggavkjdagbs a dgvbgjdagbs, hk bidjdbgjdk a supbrdard`k` `boastrk`k `b ug krtdhueda bs ug kreuobgta dgjagtbstkfhb `bh qub ga sdboprb `dspagb ug juk`ra, ugk gavbhk a ugk bsjuhturk. Bs bg tkhbs jksas jukg`a bs irkgjkobgtb ýtdh tbgbr kh hk`a k ug Plba vkg Eael. Jagajd`k bs hk dopartkgtb hkfar qub bh lbrokga `bh ebgdkh Ydgjbgt vkg Eael tuva k ha hkrea `b su jkrrbrk. Ydgjbgt, jaoa tkgtas atras krtdstks, iub ug dgjaoprbg`d`a. Zu

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krtb tkr`ú bg sbr rbjagajd`a. Zahkobgtb vbg`dú ug juk`ra bg vd`k, y iub k su prapda lbrokga. Lay, bs bh pdgtar oës jatdzk`a `bh oug`a. Zb `djb qub `btrës `b ta`a erkg laofrb lk lkfd`a ugk erkg oumbr (pa`rïkoas `bjdr  tkofdäg ha jagtrkrda, hk vbr`k` bs qub bh `djla bs ug tkgta okjldstk). Bg bh jksa `b Ykg Eael, lkfïk ug ikodhdkr, ug lbrokga. Ha dopartkgtb bs qub lkyk kheudbg. Jukg`a sb bg rbtkhkha prapdk bstkfhbjd`a, prapagb raopb`ar bs dgbvdtkfhb qub jkdek `u`k. jukg`a Hbs lkkheudbg sujb`d`a k jksdkhea ta`as has jdbgtïidjas qub dgtra`umbrag erkg`bs jkofdas bg hk jdbgjdk. Dgjhusa jag `boastrkjdagbs bopïrdjks `u`kfkg `b sus prapdas lkhhkzeas. Kheugas sb jkrtbkfkg jag atras jdbgtïidjas y bxpagïkg sus dgqudbtu`bs, ha sarprbg`bgtb `b sus rbsuhtk`as y sus prapdas tboarbs k sbr rbjlkzk`as. Bsta ha lboas hbï`a bg jkrtks `b Bdgstbdg, `b Oazkrt, y `b tkgtks y tkgtks obgtbs jrbktdvks. Has jrbk`arbs `dsruptdvas lkg `b sbr psdjahúedjkobgtb ouy iubrtbs y bstkr ouy `dspubstas kh suirdodbgta qub bh rbjlkza bgtrkûk. Jk`k ebgda tuva ug rbibrbgtb qub bmbrjdú `b, hhkoäoashb, kjbptk`ar sajdkh. Kheudbg bg qudbg bh jrbk`ar jagiïk, tkgta bg su lagbstd`k` jaoa jrdtbrda rbspbjta kh ërbk `b `dsjdphdgk `b hk qub sb trktb. Jaopkrtdr bh odb`a `bh lkhhkzea a bh värtdea `bh gubva bstdha iugjdagk parqub bh  fhaquba, bh odb`a kh rbjlkza tdbgb ug iubrtb jaopagbgtb psdjahúedja. Bs jurdasa,  pbra fkstk ugk sahk pbrsagk pkrk ktbgukrha parqub bsk pbrsagk, sdg sbr rbprbsbgtktdvk rb prbsbgtktdvk `b hk tatkhd`k` `b hk sajdb`k`, kutard`k` a kjk`bodk, bgjkrgk hk tatkhd`k` `bh mudjda bxtbrga, hk sajdb`k`, hk garok. T bsa bs ha qub dopartk. «K`bhkgtb, sdeub, Ydgjbgt, tus juk`ras sag okegïidjas³, kidrok Plba. T Ydgjbgt sdeub pdgtkg`a.  

Hk ebstdúg `bh odb`a kh brrar 

  Dgtra`uzja k jagtdgukjdúg ugk kgäj`atk pbrsagkh qub ob jastú oujla bxphdjkr bg  pýfhdja. ^bgskfk qub brk khea kh ea ug tkgta dgikgtdh d gikgtdh a dgk`bjuk`a. dgk`b juk`a. ^bra ug `ïk ob hkgjä y hk jagtä. ^krk od sarprbsk, hk ku`dbgjdk, jagstdtud`k kqubh `ïk prdgjdpkhobgtb par  ebgtb `b boprbsk, qub`ú dopkjtk`k. @bs`b bgtagjbs, hk dgtra`uzja bg jksd ta`ks ods jagibrbgjdks safrb jrbktdvd`k` b dggavkjdúg. Jukg`a od ldmk okyar, Fhkgjk, k qudbg lb `b`djk`a bstb hdfra, tbgïk ugas trbs kûas, lkjïk bg bh pkrvuhkrda ug bmbrjdjda qub lb jaoprafk`a `bspuäs qub bs lkfdtukh bg oujlas pkïsbs. Zb trktk `bh bmbrjdjda `bh «jïrjuha³ a hk «jdrjugibrbgjdk³. Jagsdstb bg qub bgtrbekg kh gdûa ug pkpbh bg fhkgja jag ugk jdrjugibrbgjdk bg bh jbgtra. Khea

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ksï…  

Zb pd`b kh gdûa qub pdgtb bg bh dgtbrdar, pbra sb hb dg`djk qub `bfb trktkr `b ga rbfkskr bh pbrïobtra `bh jïrjuha, bsta bs, ga pkskr oës khhë `b hk hïgbk. K hk b`k` `b trbs kûas, k has gdûas ga hbs pagbg `bfbrbs ta`kvïk, pbra subhbg rbpbtdr  bg jksk ha qub rbkhdzkg bg hk bsjubhk. Ksï, ug fubg `ïk, od ldmk ob `da ugk lamk bg  fhkgja y ob sahdjdtú qub `dfumksb ug jïrjuha. Kjta sbeud`a, sb pusa k rbhhbgkr su dgtbrdar. Vbkhdzkfk hk tkrbk `b iarok jagjdbgzu`k, sbrdk. Bstkfk ouy jagjbgtrk`k bg ga pkskr hk hïgbk. Zu pasturk brk khea ldbrëtdjk y rïed`k. Ga brk kgeustdk, jhkra, pbra a jrba qub k has trbdgtk kûas bsa sb hhkok bsträs. Bsta iub oës a obgas ha qub `dfumú=  

24  

  Bstë fkstkgtb fdbg, ±ga1 ^ubs bh jksa bs qub bxjhkoú= «¡Ga, ga pub`b sbr! ¡Lb skhd`a `b hk hïgbk! ¡Bstë okh! ¡Ha `bfa rbpbtdr!³. Ob `dma= «^kpë, `dfýmkob atra jïrjuha³. K vbr, pub`b afsbrvkrsb bg jdbrta pugta `bh pbrïobtra ug hbvb trkspksa `b hk hïgbk. Bg kqubh oaobgta ga qudsb jagtrk`bjdr k od ldmk. ^bra ga ob eustú kqubhhk kjtdtu`. @bmä pkskr ugas `ïks y, ugk tkr`b, bg ug oaobgta `k`a, hhkoä k od ldmk y hb `dmb= «Odrk, Fhkgjk, vay k `dfumkr ug jïrjuha. ^bra bstk vbz lkrboas khea `dstdgta. Yks k  pdgtkr, pbra tb vks k skhdr `b hk hïgbk. ^ub`bs ktrkvbskrhk tkgta y tkgtks vbjbs jaoa qudbrks³. Od ldmk sb qub`ú pbtrdidjk`k. Jartajdrjudta `b dgstrujjdagbs. Ga jaoprbg`ïk gk`k. Zu pk`rb pd`däg`ahb qub ldjdbsb ha jagtrkrda `b ha qub hb bxdeïk su okbstrk. [ub`ú ugas sbeug`as jkhhk`k. Ga rbkjjdagkfk. Ta jrba qub bg su dgtbrdar `bjïk= «^kpë, hhbva `as obsbs prkjtdjkg`a pkrk ga rbfkskr hk hïgbk³. ±Juëh brk od dgtbgjdúg1 Ta sbgjdhhkobgtb qubrïk oastrkrhb qub ga pkskfk gk`k par, `b vbz bg jukg`a, pravajkr bh brrar `b iarok `bhdfbrk`k. [ub, kheugk vbz bg hk vd`k, gugjk obmar `djla, «pa`boas pkskrgas `b hk rkyk³. Fhkgjk taoú bh hëpdz y, paja k paja, iub `dfumkg`a y trkspkskg`a hk hïgbk. Pïod`kobgtb kh prdgjdpda, dgjhusa khzkg`a hk vdstk y odrëg`aob, jaoa pkrk vbr sd hk rbekûkfk a hb hhkokfk hk ktbgjdúg safrb ha qub supubstkobgtb ga `bfïk lkjbr. Kh jaoprafkr qub ya ksbgtïk, qub hb jagidrokfk od kprafkjdúg rbspbjta kh «brrar³ `bhdfbrk`a, iub trkzkg`a hïgbks jk`k vbz oës khhë `bh jïrjuha. Zu jubrpa iub rbhkmëg`asb, sb bxpkg`ïk, ouy `dstdgta k hk rded`bz `b hk ajksdúg kgtbrdar. @b lbjla, a `drïk qub `dsirutkfk y ha pkskfk fdbg. Jukg`a kjkfú, lkfïk `dfumk`a, oës a obgas, khea ksï=  

9>  

  Idg `bh bmbrjdjda. Bsa brk ta`a jukgta qubrïk `boastrkrhb. [ub bstë ouy fdbg `bskrrahhkr hk lkfdhd`k` `b pdgtkr bg bh dgtbrdar `b hk jdrjugibrbgjdk. ^bra qub tkofdäg sb pub`b, kheugk qub atrk vbz, trkgserb`dr `bhdfbrk`kobgtb hk garok, iarzkr ug brrar,  ga pksk gk`k. Zb kjkfú par od pkrtb. ^bra lb kquï qub qudbg `da ugk hbjjdúg iub od ldmk, k oï. Khea dopasdfhb `b ahvd`kr. ^arqub `b pragta, ob `dma, kpkrtkg`a ug paja bh pkpbh= «^kpë, bsta ga bs ug jïrjuha. Bs ugk ihar³.  

T, bgsbeud`k, `b gubva= «Ga, ga, ga bs ugk ihar. Bs ugk tkzk vdstk `bs`b krrdfk³.  

9;  

  T ga sb qub`ú klï parqub kûk`dú= «A bs ug ama qub hhark y hks hëerdoks sb skhbg³.  

Kfsahutkobgtb dgjrbïfhb. ^ar bh obra lbjla `b qub ya, ideurk pkrbgtkh y, par tkgta, `b kutard`k`, hb jagjb`ïk bh pbrodsa `b trkgserb`dr hk garok y `b pra`ujdr `b iarok vahugtkrdk ug brrar, hk psdqub `b ugk gdûk `b trbs kûas `bsphbekfk `b pragta ug  prajbsa `b vdsukhdzkjdúg vd sukhdzkjdúg `b gubvas gub vas bhbobgtas bh bobgtas qub, q ub, bsta bs jhkvb, jh kvb, rbsd`ïkg rb sd`ïkg hktbgtbs bg kqubh jïrjuha. Bsas bhbobgtas hktbgtbs ýgdjkobgtb kiharkrag bg bh oaobgta bg qub sb vda afhdek`k k `kr sbgtd`a kh brrar. Lkstk bgtagjbs, su dgtbhdebgjdk bstkfk tkg saha jagjbgtrk`k bg ga skhdrsb `b hk rkyk. Rgk vaz dgtbrgk, jaoa hk `b ^bpdta Erdhha, hb rbpbtïk= «Fhkgjk, ga pksbs hk hïgbk³. T, par tkgta, gk`k pa`ïk vdsukhdzkr gd `bsjufrdr. Pa`k hk ktbgjdúg bstkfk pubstk bg juophdr bh okg`kta, bg lkhhkrsb `bgtra `b ha qub  pa`rïkoas `bgaodgkr bh ërbk `b hk húedjk, `b hk jarrbjjdúg, `b ha kjbptk`a y jagajd`a.

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Bg jukgta bh brrar sb pbrodtb y, ha oës dopartkgtb, lk sd`a `bhdfbrk`a y, par bg`b, ga jkusk irustrkjdúg, hk obgtb jagbjtk, fusjk sahujdagbs. Tk ga lky okg`kta y, kh ga lkfbr okg`kta y tkopaja irustrkjdúg, kihark hk hdfbrtk` pbrsagkh b dgtrkgsibrdfhb `b jagjb`br sbgtd`a k ha qub `bgaodgëfkoas ekp, pkrk`amk a, bg bstb jksa, brrar  `bhdfbrk`a. Jrbabhhk qubhk bhqub bmbopha pub`b sbr oës rbvbhk`ar. Ta Kprbg`ï trktä `b bgsbûkr odbrrar  ldmk  iub ob `dagaugk hbjjdúg dgahvd`kfhb k oï. kqubh `ïkkhea qubk bh `bhdfbrk`a brk ugk iubgtb dgkeatkfhb `b jrbktdvd`k`. ^a`boas klark `bskrrahhkr bh tïtuha `b bstb bpïerkib= «Hk ebstdúg `b has brrarbs³. Ob eustkrïk dr ug pksa oës khhë `b ha qub tkg k obgu`a bgjagtrkoas bg bgskyas safrb jrbktdvd`k`, `ag`b gas bxphdjkg tkgtas jksas ldstúrdjas bg has qub ug brrar iub ha qub  pravajú ug `bsjufrdodbgta (tïpdja jksa `b Khbxkg`br Ihbodge jag hk pbgdjdhdgk, `b Jlkrhbs Eaa`ybkr jag bh prajbsa `b vuhjkgdzkjdúg qub hubea kphdjú k has gbuoëtdjas, btj.).; Bstks kgäj`atks sag ouy hhkoktdvks, pbra sdrvbg `b ouy paja (a `b gk`k) k qudbg qudbrk ebstdagkr bh brrar. ±Prktkg has jdbgtïidjas `b rbkhdzkr `bsjufrdodbgtas  pravajkg`a brrarbs `bhdfbrk`as1 Ha jdbrta bs qub ga. T, sdg bofkrea, skfboas qub lkg sd`a y sag ugk iubgtb jrbktdvk. Bsta bs, ga afstkgtb, sufskgkfhb. Bxdstbg täjgdjks `bhdfbrk`ks pkrk pra`ujdr brrarbs , ha oës dopartkgtb, bs qub sb prbtbg`b qub bstks täjgdjks ga sbkg jaophbtkobgtb khbktardks. ^ub`bg bstkr dgjhusa ardbgtk`ks, suebrd`ks. Idmäoagas bg bh jksa `bh jïrjuha. Bh bmbrjdjda `b brrar qub ya pb`ï k od ldmk pa`ïk pbribjtkobgtb lkfbr iarok`a  pkrtb `b ug prajbsa jrbktdva rbhkjdagk`a jag bh krtb kfstrkjta. Ksï pubs, kugqub  pkrbzjk ugk jagtrk`djjdúg, bxphdjkrä bg bh prúxdoa jkpïtuha, kh lkfhkr `b  patbgjdk`arbs, júoa pra`ujdr «brrarbs jag sbgtd`a³, ga bstrdjtkobgtb khbktardas=  pravajkjdagbs ardbgtk`ks bg ugk `btbrodgk`k `bt brodgk`k `drbjjdúg. Ha qub ob dgtbrbsk klark, oës qub hk pra`ujjdúg `b brrarbs bg sï, bs `bskrrahhkr  júoa ebstdagkr bh odb`a kh brrar. K gdvbh arekgdzktdva, y pa`rïk kphdjkrsb tkofdäg k gdvbh dg`dvd`ukh, bs ouy dgtbrbskgtb hk pahïtdjk `b kheugks boprbsks, jaoa bs bh jksa `b hk ouhtdgkjdagkh ^rajtbr. Jagsd`brkg qub ebstdagkr hk dggavkjdúg ‐jrbktdvd`k` kphdjk`k k hk boprbsk, okrjks, pra`ujta a pufhdjd`k`‐ ga bs oës qub ebstdagkr bh brrar qub hhbvk ksajdk`k hk prapdk kjtdvd`k` jrbktdvk. Bs dopasdfhb `bshdekr ugk jask `b hk atrk. Oujlas  pdbgskg qub dggavkr bs b s kjbrtkr, tbgbr äxdta. äx dta. Gkturkhobgtb, Gkturkh obgtb, bsb bs bh afmbtdva idgkh qub sb pbrsdeub, pbra pkrk qub bsa sujb`k bs prbjdsa sbr jkpkz `b dr bhdodgkg`a `bh

9:  

 prajbsa kqubhhks d`bks qub ga vkg k tbgbr äxdta. äxd ta. Bh hbok bg ^rajtbr bs `dega `b bgokrjkrsb=  Ikdh saag, ikdh qudjc kg` ikdh jlbkp. «Irkjksboas ha kgtbs pasdfhb, irkjksboas rëpd`kobgtb y irkjksboas fkrkta.³ Zï, pbra irkjksboas. Yboas qub hk ksugjdúg `bh irkjksa bs pkrtb dgsbpkrkfhb b dgtrïgsbjk `bh  prajbsa jrbktdva. Bh irkjksa sb dgjarpark k has afmbtdvas `b dggavkjdúg. Ýgdjkobgtb sb qub oës bsb irkjksa iutura sb `btbjtb ha kgtbs pasdfhb, sb bhdodgb jag vbhajd`k` y `b pd`b hk iarok bjagúodjk pasdfhb. Ksï, hk ebstdúg `b hk dggavkjdúg sb lkjb par pksdvk. Zd prbpkra k ugk arekgdzkjdúg  pkrk sbr bidjkz y bidjdbgtb bhdodgkg`a d`bks okhks, haera qub hks fubgks kjkfbg ebrodgkg`a a hhbekg`a k fubg tärodga. Bsa sb jagsdeub sbpkrkg`a k qudbgbs jrbkg `b qudbgbs bvkhýkg. Bg bh jksa `b ^rajtbr, hks pbrsagks bgjkrek`ks `b kfartkr has prajbsas jrbktdvas `b hks d`bks qub  prbväg qub ga vkg k tbgbr äxdta sag `dstdgtks `b hks qub pdbgskg y `bskrrahhkg bsks d`bks. Bsta, qub sb kphdjk k ugk arekgdzkjdúg, pub`b lkjbrsb deukhobgtb bxtbgsdfhb k ug dg`dvd`ua. Bg bh jksa `b ugk pbrsagk kdshk`k, pub`b sbr bsb Plba vkg Eael, a bh okrjlkgtb `bh pdgtar, a bh kebgtb hdtbrkrda a bh b`dtar (par pagbr kheugas jksas `b ideurks `bh oug`a `b hk pdgturk y `bh ëofdta b`dtardkh) hks qub `bsbopbûbg bsb rah. K obgu`a dokedgkoas bh prajbsa jrbktdva jaoa khea bsjag`d`a y prdvk`a `bh qub gk`db pkrtdjdpk lkstk qub bh pra`ujta idgkh vb hk huz. Ga `dea qub ga pub`k sbr ksï bg kheugas jksas, pbra bs lkfdtukh, bspbjdkhobgtb bg has tdbopas kjtukhbs, qub has  praybjtas, hks d`bks, has fajbtas `b ug juk`ra, hks sdgapsds `b ug hdfra, hk okqubtk `b ug praybjta `b krqudtbjturk sb jaopkrtkg, `bsvbhbg, jaobgtbg y jatbmbg jag tbrjbras. Bsas sag has qub pub`bg kyu`kr kh jrbk`ar k irkjkskr pragta, rëpd`a y fkrkta bg jk`k ugk `b sus dgdjdktdvks jrbktdvks. Bstay sbeura `b qub kheugas hbjtarbs bstkrëg bg bstb pugta rbkhdzkg`a bstk afmbjdúg= sd, bspbjdkhobgtb bg bh jkopa `bh krtb, sag tbrjbras qudbgbs bvkhýkg has  prajbsas jrbktdvas, bh krtb sbrë oujla oës prbvdsdfhb y, `b lkfbr prajb`d`a ksï bg bh  pksk`a, oujlks `b hks afrks okbstrks qub iubrag jagtrk ta`k jarrdbgtb ga lkfrïkg vdsta hk huz. Vbspubstk= bs vbr`k`. ^bra `b ha qub bstkoas lkfhkg`a kquï ga bs `b ebgdkhd`k`bs sdga `b ebstdagkr ug dopartkgtb dgldfd`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`, bh odb`a kh brrar. ^ar  supubsta, hk apjdúg `b ga oastrkr gk`k sdboprb bxdstb. Bs ugk apjdúg pbrsagkh. Zd bh jrbk`ar bstë suidjdbgtbobgtb jagvbgjd`a `b ha qub lkjb, sdboprb tdbgb hk pasdfdhd`k` `b okgtbgbr su trkfkma bg sbjrbta lkstk jaophbtkrha. Bg tkh jksa, bsb jrbk`ar ga bstë  prbjdsk`a `b tbrjbras.

90

 

@b lbjla, pub`b jaofdgkr kofks pasdfdhd`k`bs, sbeýg su erk`a `b sbeurd`k` a dgsbeurd`k` bg jk`k uga `b has praybjtas qub kjaobtk. Dgsdsta, lkfha kquï `b júoa ebstdagkr bh odb`a kh brrar, ga `bh kdshkodbgta qub jdbrtks jrbkjdagbs trksjbg`bgtkhbs rbqudbrbg. ^ar atra hk`a, bg bh krtb, k hks prubfks jksd gugjk sb hks jagsd`brk brrarbs. Has  fajbtas pdgtarbs sag iaroks rbfkskr ug jïrjuha dgvbrtdr dgvbrtd r bg `boksdk`a a bsiubrza`bkgtbs `b kjaobtbr bh `b hdbgza `bidgdtdva. ^arsdgbmbopha, hks sbds tdbopa sbokgks  prbvdks k hk bmbjujdúg `bh Eubrgdjk, ^djkssa rbkhdzú gk`k oës y gk`k obgas qub jukrbgtk y jdgja bsfazas, has jukhbs sb bxpagbg lay bg `ïk mugta kh juk`ra idgkh. Jaopasdtarbs jaoa Jlkdcavscd rbvdskfkg jagtdgukobgtb sus afrks, kgtbs `b `krhks  par idgkhdzk`ks. Dgjhusa ug ebgda ebg da drrbpbtdfhb jaoa Fkjl trajú t rajú sus  Dgvbgjdag  Dgvbgjdagbs bs k `as y trbs vajbs  oa`didjkg`a has k`argas, trdgas y kpaykturks bg oës `b ugk ajksdúg. [udbra sdegdidjkr jag bstas bmbophas qub bg bh krtb bh jagjbpta `b brrar bs k vbjbs dgjhusa dgbxdstbgtb. Bh fajbta, bh farrk`ar ga bs ug brrar, bs ug bgskya jrbktdva. Jukg`a bh krtdstk prubfk, jrbk. Hk prubfk a bgskya, bg bh krtb, rbsuhtb ikhhd`k a ga, bs jrbkjdúg.  

Hk bvkhukjdúg `b suebrbgjdks   a lkjb oujla tdbopa, kheugks jaougd`k`bs kutúgaoks `b Bspkûk lkg bstkfhbjd`a oa`didjkjdagbs bg bh sdstbok `b bvkhukjdúg `b khuogas pkrk bvdtkr hk irustrkjdúg qub kjkrrbk ug suspbgsa. Zb fusjkrag iúrouhks sboëgtdjks, tkhbs jaoa «praerbsk k`bjuk`kobgtb³ a «gbjbsdtk obmarkr³. Bg od apdgdúg, bstks sahujdagbs sag ugk kfsahutk tagtbrïk. Bg prdobr huekr, parqub sbk jukh sbk hk irksb, has gdûas sag suidjdbgtbobgtb hdstas pkrk skfbr qub bg jukhqudbr jksa bxdstb ug erk`dbgtb3 qub, `bh odsoa oa`a qub ug «gatkfhb³ bs oës qub ug «kprafk`a³, ug «gbjbsdtk obmarkr³ bs obgas qub ug «praerbsk k`bjuk`kobgtb³. T has gdûas, jaoa bg hk bstkturk, has eahbs qub okrjkg y tkgtks atrks jasks, ga pkrkrëg lkstk kvbrdeukr sd lkg qub`k`a par  bgjdok a par `bfkma `bh rbsta `b sus jaopkûbras. Bg sbeug`a huekr, jrba qub bstb tdpa `b bvkhukjdagbs ybrrkg bh tdra. Bh prafhbok `b bvkhukr ga rbsd`b bg júoa fkutdzkoas k ug erk`dbgtb `b rbsuhtk`as, sdga bg quä bstkoas bvkhukg`a. Jukg`a bh sdstbok sb ajupk ýgdjkobgtb `b qub bh gdûa bophbb `b okgbrk k`bjuk`k ug okrja `b rbibrbgjdk, bs húedja vkharkr jag «kjdbrta³ a «ga kjdbrta³, jag «jarrbjta³ a «dgjarrbjta³. Zd ug bmbrjdjda sb rb`ujb k hk suok `b jdgja

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oës jdgja, hk sahujdúg saha pub`b sbr ugk. T jukg`a hk sahujdúg bs saha ugk, ga gas qub`k atrk qub vkharkr sd bh khuoga hk lk kjbrtk`a a, par bh jagtrkrda, sb lk bqudvajk`a. ±^krk quä pkûas jkhdbgtbs1 Zd qubrboas atras sdstboks `b bvkhukjdúg `bfboas dgtra`ujdr atra tdpa `b bxëobgbs. Bg bh hdfra  Hdfbrtk` y jrbktdvd`k jrbktdvd`k` ` bg hk b`ujkjdú b`ujkjdúg g,  Jkrh Vaebrs y Mbraob   Irbdfbre qub, bg huekr `bsuedbrk prbeugtkr khuogaprbeugtks y qub bstb sb hb  pub`b `kr prapagbg ugk rbspubstk y qub bstb hks kh pasdfhbs qubrbspag`k, klï jag`ujbg. ^ar bmbopha= «±@b juëgtks iaroks sb tb ajurrb qub pa`boas aftbgbr ug gýobra jaoa rbsuhtk`a `b jaofdgkr atras gýobras1³. Bg huekr `b sahujdagbs jarrbjtks sb phkgtbkg `dvbrsks khtbrgktdvks k júoa bgiajkr a sahujdagkr ug prafhbok dg`bpbg`dbgtbobgtb `b su jarrbjtk sahujdúg. Zb trktk, par  tkgta, `b prapagbr okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk khtbrgktdvas bg huekr `b ktdgkr y rbpra`ujdr bh okrja `b rbibrbgjdk `bh praibsar. Bg tkh jksa, bh jagjbpta `b bvkhukjdúg jkofdk rk`djkhobgtb parqub bh jrdtbrda «jarrbjta³ bs sustdtud`a par «pasdfhb³. ^asdfdhd`k` vbrsus `btbrodgkjdúg. Dgjarparkr bstb tdpa `b bmbrjdjdas, `bfktbs a `dsjusdagbs iaobgtkrïk bg erkg ob`d`k hk jrbktdvd`k` `b has gdûas, sdg, par bhha, obgasjkfkr bh kprbg`dzkmb, oboardzkjdúg y  pubstk bg prëjtdjk `b hbjjdagbs, okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk a tkfhks `b ouhtdphdjkr. Rgk jask ga bs dgjaopktdfhb jag hk atrk. Pa`a ha jagtrkrda, sb jaophbobgtkg. Zb bgrdqubjbg outukobgtb. Bh gdûa drïk kprbg`dbg`a `bs`b pbqubûa qub, `bh odsoa oa`a qub sb hb bgsbûk júoa rbsahvbr prafhboks, tkofdäg sb ha bgtrbgk k pbgskr par sï odsoa gubvks iaroks `b rbsahvbrhas.  

Bh `dkegústdja, ug rbob`da pkrk hk sufmbtdvd`k`   Bhdodgkr bh dgldfd`ar «hk sufmbtdvd`k` qub pra`ujb pbrjbpjdagbs sbsek`ks³ bs `diïjdh  parqub, par `bidgdjdúg, ugk pbrsagk bvkhýk, b vkhýk, `bjd`b y kjtýk sbe sbeýg ýg su prapda rkjdajdgda, ha qub hk jagvdbrtb, `b pkrtd`k, bg ug sbr sufmbtdva. Khjkgzkr hk okyar afmbtdvd`k`  pasdfhb ga bs ugk tkrbk iëjdh. ^krk jagtrdfudr bg jdbrtk ob`d`k k kuobgtkrhk, prbsbgtkrä k jagtdgukjdúg kheugks `b hks jkusks `b hk sufmbtdvd`k`.6 Hk prdobrk jkusk qub hdodtk hk afmbtdvd`k` bs hk iubrzk `bh `bgaodgk`a «bstïouha `b prdobrk bxpasdjdúg³. Bs bh qub sb pra`ujb jukg`a gubstra pbgskodbgta bstë

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dgihubgjdk`a y `btbrodgk`a par hk prdobrk pdbzk `b dgiarokjdúg qub rbjdfdoas. Zd ug kodea gas `djb qub pa`boas vdkmkr `b Ok`rd` k Fkrjbhagk bg jajlb bg obgas `b jdgja larks y gasatras tkr`koas sbds, gas `krë hk sbgskjdúg `b qub bh gubstra lk sd`a ug vdkmb hkrea b dgjhusa jkgsdga. Zd bsk pbrsagk gas lufdbsb `djla qub ga fkmkrïkoas `b sbds larks y ob`dk, bgtrkrïkoas par hk fkrjbhagbsk kvbgd`k @dkeagkh bgjkgtk`as… ¡jag gubstrks odsoks sbds larks!, hks jukhbs hhbekrïkoas k jkhdidjkr `b hdvdkgks y  frbvbs. Bh bstïouha `b prdobrk bxpasdjdúg `bsbopbûk ug rah `bidgdtdva bg bh sdega qub vkoas k `kr k hk rbkhd`k`. Rg bmbopha ha `boubstrk= k `as erupas `b pbrsagks sb hbs  prbeugtú par ug `kta qub `bsjagajïkg jaophbtkobgtb, bh parjbgtkmb `b pkïsbs kirdjkgas qub pbrtbgbjïkg k hk AGR, y sb hbs bgjaobg`ú k `bjhkrkr sd bstkfk par  bgjdok a par `bfkma `b jdbrtk jdirk qub sb hbs kvdsú qub ga brk hk jarrbjtk. Hk jdirk brk bh ;> % pkrk bh prdobr erupa y bh 92 % pkrk bh sbeug`a. Afvdkobgtb, bh prdobr erupa `btbrodgú qub bh parjbgtkmb `b bstk`as kirdjkgas odbofras `b hk AGR brk supbrdar kh ;>% y bh sbeug`a qub brk dgibrdar kh 92 %, pbra ha jurdasa bs qub jukg`a sb hbs sahdjdtú lkjbr ugk bstdokjdúg, bh prdobr erupa krramú ug 62 % y bh sbeug`a ug 02 %. Bh lbjla `b `krhbs ugk jdirk, k pbskr `b k`vbrtdrhbs qub brk ikhsk, kjtuú k oa`a `b  pugta `b rbibrbgjdk. Atrk dopartkgtb iubgtb `b sufmbtdvd`k` bs hk `bgaodgk`k «bvkhukjdúg ksdoätrdjk³. Pbg`boas k jaoprafkr gubstrk ldpútbsds, pbra ga hks jagtrkrdks. Hk bvkhukjdúg ksdoätrdjk ga bs oës qub ugk jkrbgjdk `b afmbtdvd`k` k hk lark `b afsbrvkr y jdtkr  ajksdagbs bg hks qub jdbrtks jasks ajurrbg. Rgk pbrsagk qub jrbb bg hk kstrahaeïk jdtkrë hks prb`djjdagbs qub lkg rbsuhtk`a kjbrtk`ks, pbra afvdkrë hks qub ga ha lkg sd`a. Vbjar`koas has subûas qub sb jagvdbrtbg bg rbkhd`k` y gas okrkvdhhkoas `b bhha, okgdibstkg`a ugk jkpkjd`k` safrbgkturkh pkrk kgtdjdpkr quä pkskrë, pbra ahvd`koas ta`as has subûas qub ga sb juophbg. Zd jagtësboas kofas, vbrïkoas qub `b jkpkjd`k` safrbgkturkh, gk`k `b gk`k. Rg oa`a rkjdagkh `b kfar`kr hk bvkhukjdúg ksdoätrdjk bs hk `b jagstrudr ugk tkfhk `b `afhb bgtrk`k qub bguobrb hks ajksdagbs bg qub hks jasks lkg a ga lkg ajurrd`a. ^ar bmbopha, bg hk vd`k `dkrdk, sdboprb gas qubmkoas `b qub bh tbhäiaga subgk musta jukg`a bstkoas bg hk `ujlk. Zd uga hhbvk ugk jubgtk `urkgtb ug pkr `b obsbs y jk`k vbz qub subgk bh tbhäiaga kgatk juëgtks ha lk lbjla jag äh bg hk `ujlk y juëgtks iubrk, pa`rë jdbrtkobgtb skfbr sd brk hbeïtdoa su hkobgta u afsbrvkjdúg. Atrk `b hks prdgjdpkhbs jkusks `b gubstrk sufmbtdvd`k` bs hk supbridjdkhd`k` bg bh kgëhdsds `b hks jasks. Zd uga vdkmk k Hag`rbs, bh euïk turïstdja hb bxphdjkrë qub bh

95  

ardebg `b hk jkhhb y jdrja qub hhbvk bh gaofrb `b ^djjk`dhhy pravdbgb `b ug skstrb qub vdvïk bg kqubhhk jkhhb y qub ikfrdjkfk ugas jubhhas qub sb hhkokfkg ^djjk`dhhs. Zdg bofkrea, k gk`db sb hb ajurrb prbeugtkr par quä has jubhhas sb hhkokfkg ^djjk`dhhs. Ha odsoa bg ug kbrapubrta, jukg`a gas dgiarokg `b qub gubstra vubha skh`rë tkr`b par  hk hhbek`k tkr`ïk `bh kvdúg= k gk`db sb hb ajurrb prbeugtkr par quä hhbek tkr`b bh kvdúg. ±Zb kvbrdú1 ±Lufa ug prafhbok täjgdja1 ±Jagebstdúg kärbk bg hk jdu`k` `b ardebg1 a, bg su huekr, gas `koas par sktdsibjlas jag hk prdobrk bxphdjkjdúg. Hk afmbtdvd`k` sahkobgtb sb khjkgzk hhbekg`a lkstk bh ardebg `b hks prdobrks jkusks. Hk sufmbtdvd`k` bs `b tdpa jaegdtdva, pbra tkofdäg lky `b tdpa boajdagkh. Ekrrdsag Cbdhhar lk `btbjtk`a ugk pbjuhdkr iarok `b sufmbtdvd`k` y bs qub ta`a bh oug`a  pdbgsk qub bstë par bgjdok `b hk ob`dk bg ugk sbrdb `b jkrkjtbrïstdjks a lkfdhd`k`bs. Bg ugk prubfk bg qub sb prbeugtú k ugas bstu`dkgtbs sd bstkfkg par bgjdok a par  `bfkma `b hk ob`dk bg jukgta k hk jkpkjd`k` dgtbhbjtukh praob`da `b hk jhksb, bh 5> % `dma bstkr par bgjdok y sahkobgtb ug 6 % kidroú bstkr par `bfkma. Rg bstu`da bgtrb  praibsarbs `b ugdvbrsd`k` krramú jaoa rbsuhtk`a qub bh 4> % tbgïk jkpkjd`k`bs `b bgsbûkgzk supbrdarbs k hk ob`dk. Bg ug bstu`da safrb oatardstks rbkhdzk`a bg Vbdga Rgd`a, bh 42 % `b has jag`ujtarbs `bjhkrú sbr obmarbs qub hk ob`dk. Hk afmbtdvd`k` rbqudbrb sdtukr gubstrks jkpkjd`k`bs y gubstras jagajdodbgtas bg su mustk ob`d`k. Hk sdtukjdúg jagtrkrdk sb subhb `kr jukg`a sb trktk `b jagsd`brkr k gubstra pkïs, gubstrk boprbsk, gubstra `bpkrtkobgta… Bg Bspkûk lky ugk tbg`bgjdk k hk kutajrïtdjk y kh `bsjrä`dta `b has haeras erupkhbs (ha jagtrkrda `b has dg`dvd`ukhbs a  pbrsagkhbs). Hk tïpdjk irksb= «Gubstrk boprbsk bs ug `bskstrb³. Rgk ouy fubgk iarok `b brrk`djkjdúg `b bstb tdpa `b «pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k`³ bs hk `dkegasds, dg`dvd`ukh y, bspbjdkhobgtb, okgjaougk`k, bg bh jksa `b hk jrbktdvd`k` erupkh a bg arekgdzkjdagbs. Bh bmbrjdjda jagsdstb bg phkgtbkrsb hk sdeudbgtb jubstdúg= «±^ar quä saoas jaoa saoas1³. ±Bg quä saoas fubgas, bg quä saoas bxjbhbgtbs, bg quä saoas ob`dajrbs, bg quä gbjbsdtkoas obmarkr, quä bs ha qub sahboas lkjbr fdbg, quä bs ha qub jksd sdboprb lkjboas okh…1. T trktkr `b hhbekr k ug jagsbgsa bgtrb ta`as has odbofras `b hk arekgdzkjdúg a `bh erupa. Bs ug bmbrjdjda kpkrbgtbobgtb sbgjdhha `b phkgtbkr kugqub jaophbma `b kjaobtbr y bmbjutkr. ^bra gas hhbvk k `krgas jubgtk `b ha sbsek`ks y `dspkrbs qub k obgu`a sag hks vdsdagbs `b has jaopagbgtbs `b ug odsoa bqudpa a dgstdtujdúg, sbk prdvk`k a pýfhdjk. Hk jkpkjd`k` `b `dkhaekr kfdbrtkobgtb safrb has oatdvas qub gas hhbvkg k sbr `b ug `btbrodgk`a oa`a b, dgjhusa, hk pasdfdhd`k` `b jagsbgsukr ha qub saoas jaoa arekgdzkjdúg, bg ha fubga y bg ha okha, pbrodtbg qub hk jrbktdvd`k` sb pra`uzjk safrb

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ug iaja fdbg `bidgd`a. Bg rbsuobg, qub lky qub jagtrkstkr hk dgiarokjdúg jag iubgtbs id`b`degks, ob`dr  hks jasks, jatbmkr hks ldpútbsds jagtrkrdks, bxkodgkr fdbg has ibgúobgas a hks rbkhd`k`bs, `dkhaekr y jagtkr ha obgas pasdfhb jag hk dgiarokjdúg ga jagtrkstk`k jaoa iubgtb `b dgiarokjdúg `bs`b hk jukh jagstrudr ug prajbsa jrbktdva.  

Hk kjbptkjdúg `b hk kutägtdjk iugjdúg `b hk jrbktdvd`k`   Ybkoas klark júoa brrk`djkr bh dgldfd`ar qub `bgaodgä «gbekjdúg prapdk³. @bmkr `b gbekr hk prapdk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk vk oës khhë `b jagvbgjbrsb par hk húedjk a has kreuobgtas qub, dgjhusa ug hdfra jaoa bstb, pub`k praparjdagkrgas. Pkopaja ugas rbsuhtk`as fubgas sag gbjbskrdkobgtb hk prubfk `b qub saoas jrbktdvas. Rg äxdta tboparkh, ug rbjagajdodbgta `b gubstrk jrbktdvd`k` khdobgtkrë hk jrbbgjdk `b qub gubstra jrbktdva vdva, pbra ±quä pkskrë sd bsb äxdta, biïobra jaoa tkgtas, sbpatbgjdkh `bsvkgbjb a suirb bstë äpajks `b sbquïk1 Uaa`y Khhbg `drdeb ugk pbhïjuhk ta`as has kûas. Pdbgb idhobs obmarbs y pbarbs. Ga jrba qub hb dopartb `boksdk`a ha qub `dekg `b äh. Bg ugk bgtrbvdstk `dma qub su subûa brk sbeudr lkjdbg`a ugk pbhïjuhk jk`k uga `b has kûas `b su vd`k. Jrba qub ga lky okyar kjbptkjdúg `b hk jrbktdvd`k` pbrsagkh qub ugk kidrokjdúg `b bstk ïg`ahb. Idmäoagas qub ga lkfhk `b ekhkr`agbs a `b pkskr k hk ldstardk `bh jdgb a `b jagsbeudr  `btbrodgk`ks obtks qub `bpbg`kg `b hk jrïtdjk a bh pýfhdja. Zu subûa bstë vdgjuhk`a kh okgtbgdodbgta `b su kjtdvd`k` jrbktdvk. ±^ar quä jrbk Uaa`y Khhbg1 ^arqub `dsirutk jrbkg`a. Jukg`a bstk bs hk rbspubstk, sb lkjb `diïjdh qub bh dgldfd`ar `b hk gbekjdúg prapdk kjtýb jagtrk su jrbktdvd`k`. Bs prbjdsa jagvbgjbrsb `b qub jukhqudbr rbsuhtk`a khjkgzk`a ga bs oës qub ug ldta bg ug jkodga y qub bs bh jkodga bh qub rbvdstb sbgtd`a. Hk jagvdjjdúg `b qub bh erk`a `b jrbktdvd`k` ga bs rbhbvkgtb, sdga qub bs hk prapdk kjtdvd`k` bg sï hk qub atarek sbgtd`a. Vbkhdjboas ugk rbihbxdúg lagbstk safrb bh «pkrk quä jrbkoas³. ±[uä gas oubvb rbkhobgtb1 ±Juëh bs bh afmbtdva qub pbrsbeudoas1 Rgk obtk qub `bpbg`k `bh rbjagajdodbgta bxtbrga vk k sdtukr iubrk `b gasatras hk kjbptkjdúg a gbekjdúg `b gubstrk jrbktdvd`k`. T ga `bfb sbr ksï. Jk`k jrbk`ar `bfb tbgbr su prapda rksbra. Bs `diïjdh okgtbgbrsb kmbga k hk jrïtdjk a k hk `bskprafkjdúg. Bs iëjdh jkbr bg bh `bsëgdoa jukg`a ug jrbk`ar, bspbjdkhobgtb bg bh jkopa `bh krtb, pksk `bskpbrjdfd`a a su afrk

94  

bs dgjaoprbg`d`k b dgjhusa tkjlk`k `b ob`dajrb. Bs `ura pkrk ug boprbg`b`ar  kjbptkr bh irkjksa `b ugk d`bk qub jagsd`brkfk fubgk. Ga pa`boas gbekr qub has rbsuhtk`as aftbgd`as bmbrjbg ugk dgihubgjdk bg gubstrk sktdsikjjdúg `b hk kjtdvd`k` jrbktdvk. ^bra ha qub ga pa`boas lkjbr bs kfajkr bh sbgtd`a `b gubstrk jrbktdvd`k` y, ta`kvïk obgas, `bhbekr bh mudjda `b su bxdstbgjdk a dgbxdstbgjdk k pbrsagks `dstdgtks k gasatras. Bh rbjagajdodbgta pub`b ga hhbekr gugjk. Ha vbr`k`brkobgtb rbhbvkgtb bs bh jkodga.

5>

 

2  

(D GPBVHR@DA ZBERG@A) @b júoa jagvbrtdr dgldfd`arbs bg patbgjdk`arbs  

K jagtdgukjdúg ugk irksb qub jagsd`bra hk prdgjdpkh kpartkjdúg `b bstb hdfra=   Ykrdas `b has ikjtarbs qub dgldfbg gubstrk jrbktdvd`k`, bophbk`as bg ugk sbjubgjdk a ug oa`a `dstdgta kh qub bstkoas lkfdtuk`as, sb jagvdbrtbg bg patbgjdk`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. Gubstras bgbodeas, bophbk`as `b oa`a `dstdgta, sb jagvdbrtbg bg khdk`as.

   Ga gbjbsdtkoas rbkprbg`brha Ga prbjdskoas `bsbofkrkzkrgas `b hks lbrrkodbgtks kgkhïtdjks jag hks qub ta`a. gas k`dbstrkrag bg hk bsjubhk. Ga bs bstrdjtkobgtb gbjbskrda `bskrrahhkr lkfdhd`k`bs gubvks. Hks lbrrkodbgtks y has rbjursas kprbg`d`as `urkgtb gubstrk b`ujkjdúg pub`bg bophbkrsb `b ug oa`a khtbrgktdva qub dopuhskrëg hk jrbktdvd`k` y hk dokedgkjdúg, bg huekr `b irbgkrhks. ^krk `boastrkrha, jaopkrboas  frbvbobgtb has pksas qub jaopagbg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja kgk hïtdja rbspbjta kh jrbktdva. jrbktd va.   ^bgskodbgta kgkhïtdja a húedja= «Pa`as has laofrbs sag oartkhbs³ «Zújrktbs bg ug laofrb³ Jagjhusdúg= «Zújrktbs bs oartkh³

  ^bgskodbgta jrbktdva a kgkhúedja= «Rgk ihar³ «¡Ihar qub ga oubrb!³ Zahujdúg= «Iharbs lbjlks `b tbhk³

  Ybkoas klark hks `dibrbgjdks bgtrb kofas y jaoprafkrboas júoa odsoas rbjursas y lkfdhd`k`bs kprbg`d`ks apbrkg bg `dstdgta oaobgta, sbjubgjdk a oa`a, sbeýg bh pbgskodbgta `b qub sb trktb.

 

5;

 

   ^bgskr pkrk pkrk jagjhud jagjhudrr a pkrk dg dgtra`ujdr  tra`ujdr 

  Kofas tdpas `b rkzagkodbgta sag fdbg `dstdgtas. Bg bh prdobr jksa, gubstra jaobtd`a bs utdhdzkr hks `as prdobrks iksbs pkrk khjkgzkr ugk jagjhusdúg (qub Zújrktbs bs oartkh). Bg bh sbeug`a, utdhdzkoas hks `as prdobrks prbodsks pkrk dgtra`ujdr ugk gubvk pasdfdhd`k` (iharbs `b tbhk). Bg bh rkzagkodbgta kgkhïtdja, bh afmbtdva `bh  pbgskodbgta bs jagidroktarda. Bg bh kgkhúedja, ga trktkoas `b jagidrokr gk`k, sdga `b suebrdr gavb`k`bs, `b jrbkr.    Hk pasdjdúg pasdjdúg rbhktdvk `b ha ebg ebgbrkh brkh y ha pkrtdjuhk pkrtdjuhkr  r 

  Bg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja krrkgjkoas jag ugk prapasdjdúg ebgbrkh, ugdvbrskh,  fksk`k bg jag hk bxpbrdbgjdk y hk afsbrvkjdúg sbrbs oartkhbs) kjkfkoas ug jksa pkrtdjuhkr (Zújrktbs(has bs laofrbs oartkh). sag Bg bh sbeug`a jksa,y bopbzkoas jag ug jksa pkrtdjuhkr, khea jagjrbta y tkgedfhb (ugk ihar) y kjkfkoas jag ugk d`bk ebgbrkh (iharbs `b tbhk). Bh prdobr pbgskodbgta bs `b`ujtdva ‐vk `b ha ebgbrkh k ha pkrtdjuhkr‐ y bh sbeug`a bs dg`ujtdva ‐vk `b ha pkrtdjuhkr k ha ebgbrkh.    Húedjk `bs`b `bs`b ug dgd dgdjda jda a pasp paspubstk ubstk kh iidgkh  dgkh 

  Bg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja sb utdhdzk hk húedjk, `bs`b ug dgdjda y sb okgtdbgb lkstk bh idgkh. Zb rbjagajb hk jukhd`k` oartkh `b ta`as has laofrbs y hubea hk `b Zújrktbs jaoa sbr vdva pbrtbgbjdbgtb k hk bspbjdb luokgk. Gbjbsdtkoas hk húedjk pkrk vkhd`kr  qub hk sbeug`k prbodsk ga sbk brrúgbk.; Bg jkofda, bg bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva krrkgjkoas jag ug bhbobgta jagjrbta safrb bh jukh ga sb rbkhdzk afsbrvkjdúg kheugk (ga bs pasdfhb rkzagkr a muzekr)= ugk ihar y hk sbeug`k dgstkgjdk ‐ihar qub ga oubrb‐ bs jaophbtkobgtb dhúedjk. Dgtra`ujb ha qub lboas `bsjrdta bg pëedgks kgtbrdarbs jaoa kfsur`a a pravajkjdúg. Ga lky prbsbgjdk `b hk húedjk lkstk bh idgkh, bg hk sahujdúg. Ybkoas. Bg gubstra bmbopha, hk sahujdúg qub k rbgehúg sbeud`a sb pra`ujb= «iharbs lbjlks `b tbhk³. Lboas kûk`d`a bh bhbobgta «tbhk³. Kheudbg pa`rïk bserdodr= «Rgk ihar `b tbhk ga bs ugk ihar³. T bgtagjbs pa`rïkoas rbspag`br= «¡Paok, jhkra, bs qub sd

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ga, sb oubrb³. Lboas prbjdsk`a ha qub sb hhkok ug «oavdodbgta³. Bh oavdodbgta bs jaophbtkobgtb gbjbskrda. @b atra oa`a, hk bjukjdúg ga tbg`rïk sahujdúg kheugk. Zd ob bopbûa bg qub ga lkyk oa`didjkjdúg kheugk safrb hk ihar, qub ga lkyk «oavdodbgta³, hk ihar sbeudrë sdbg`a ihar y, par bg`b, oardrë. ^krk qub ga oubrk, gbjbsdta trkgsiarokr, khtbrkr hk ihar. ^ubs fdbg, ga bs lkstk bsb ýhtdoa oavdodbgta bg qub `koas pksa k hk húedjk. Hks sahujdagbs `b pkrk`amks prbjdskg dgtbhdebgjdk. [udbgbs obmar rbsubhvbg pkrk`amks sag kqubhhks pbrsagks jag ug pbgskodbgta húedja fdbg `bskrrahhk`a= dgebgdbras, oktboëtdjas, dgiaroëtdjas… ¡Mustkobgtb kqubhhks pbrsagks qub ga subhbg jagsd`brkrsb k sï odsoks jrbktdvks! Bg rbsuobg, hk húedjk dopubstk kh dgdjda `b ug prajbsa jrbktdva vk k kjtukr jaoa ug dgldfd`ar, pbra sd hb pb`doas qub ga kjtýb lkstk bh idgkh, hk húedjk kjtýk jaoa ug  patbgjdk`ar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`. ^ar su pkrtb, bg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja, sb okgtdbgb `b prdgjdpda k idg.    Hk pasdjdúg pasdjdúg rbhktdvk `bh brrar 

  Bh prdgjdpkh prafhbok `b hks pbrsagks kgkhïtdjks bs qub ga pkskg `b hk sbeug`k irksb `bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva par sbgtdr qub bstëg trkfkmkg`a jag ug oktbrdkh kfsur`a= aybg qub ugk ihar ga oubrb y kutaoëtdjkobgtb `btdbgbg bh prajbsa. Hk `btbjjdúg `b ug brrar gas hhbvk k `btbgbrgas y, par bh jagtrkrda, sd ga lky brrarbs, kvkgzkoas. ^bra hk dgtra`ujjdúg `bhdfbrk`k `b brrarbs (jaoa bg bh bmbopha `b hks iharbs) bs hk qub prapdjdk hk pasdfdhd`k` jrbktdvk. Bh brrar, utdhdzk`a k odtk` `bh prajbsa jaoa bstïouha a jaoa jrbk`ar `b pkrk`amks, kjtdvk hk jrbktdvd`k`, odbgtrks qub utdhdzk`a jaoa objkgdsoa bvkhuk`ar kgtbs `b hhbekr kh idgkh, hk hdodtk.    Bh oa`a rbfbh`b ja jaoa oa kjtdtu kjtdtu`  ` 

  Bsk bspbjdb `b rbfbh`ïk qub gas pbrodtb jubstdagkr hk gkturkhbzk oartkh `b ugk ihar bs ouy fbgbidjdask bg hk prdobrk dgstkgjdk `bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva. Zdg bofkrea, `bfb kfkg`agkrsb bg hk ýhtdok pkrtb. Hk «rbfbh`ïk³, jubstdagkr hk rbkhd`k`, bh stktu qua, kyu`k k dgtra`ujdr pkrk`amks, pbra okgtbgbr sdstboëtdjkobgtb hk gbekjdúg dopd`b bgjagtrkr sahujdagbs y jaophbtkr bh prajbsa.

5:  

Bg atrks pkhkfrks, kh jaophbtkr bh pbgskodbgta, tkgta bh jrbktdva jaoa bh kgkhïtdja, ga pub`b lkfbr brrar kheuga= «Zújrktbs bs oartkh³ bs jarrbjta y «iharbs `b tbhk³ bs tkofdäg ugk sahujdúg vëhd`k.  

 Hk pasdjdúg pasdjdúg rbhktdvk y hk iugj iugjdúg dúg `b hk oboardk

  Bg bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva, jagbjtkr, bgjagtrkr ugk sahujdúg rbqudbrb, kpkrtb `b jdbrtk jkpkjd`k` kgkhïtdjk, oboardk. Bh gýobra sahujdagbs (jagbxdagbs) pasdfhbs qub gubstra jbrbfra ebgbrk `bpbg`b `b hk oboardk. @b bhhk bokgkg hks pasdfdhd`k`bs. Rgk  pbrsagk sdg oboardk kheugk kheug k `diïjdhobgtb pa`rïk pa`rï k sahujdagkr ugk pkrk`amk. pk rk`amk. Hk oboardk ga kjtýk bsjaedbg`a ugk sahujdúg yk bxdstbgtb ‐ga sbrïk gavb`ask‐, pbra sï bvajk oa`bhas bg has qub dgspdrkrsb a bouhkr. Zd jag hk tbhk pub`bg lkjbrsb tbmd`as, tkofdäg  pub`b jagibjjdagkrsb ugk ihar. Bs `b hk oboardk `b `ag`b gas kfkstbjboas pkrk «ikfrdjkr³ kgkhaeïks y jrbkr pasdfdhd`k`bs. Lk sbrvd`a `b oujla lkfbr `b`djk`a tkgtks larks `b gubstrk k`ahbsjbgjdk k oboardzkr… ¡dgjhusa pkrk sbr jrbktdvas! ±T quä pkpbh `bsbopbûk hk oboardk bg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja1 Hk oboardk kjtýk d`bgtdidjkg`a has bhbobgtas jaougbs `b hks `as prdobrks prbodsks y has jaofdgk bgtrb sï sdg gbjbsd`k` `b kûk`dr gk`k gubva. Jaoa Zújrktbs bs laofrb y ta`as sag oartkhbs, pub`a jagjhudr qub Zújrktbs bs oartkh. ^bra ga lb kûk`d`a gk`k k hk jag`djdúg `b Zújrktbs qub ga supdäsboas yk pkrk bh rbsta `b hks pbrsagks. Zaha lb kphdjk`a ugk jag`djdúg ebgbrkh k ug jksa pkrtdjuhkr pkrk pa`br jhksdidjkr a prb`bjdr  juëh sbrë bh `bstdga `b Zújrktbs. Lb `bsjrdta, pbra ga lb «dgvbgtk`a³ gk`k. Bg rbsuobg, hk oboardk bs fbgbidjdask bg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja pkrk jaofdgkr  k`bjuk`kobgtb prbodsks odbgtrks qub bg bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva tbgboas qub rbsbrvkr hk oboardk k hk ýhtdok `b hks iksbs. @b ha jagtrkrda, hk oboardk dgtra`ujdrë bhbobgtas jagajd`as y ga kpkrbjbrëg pkrk`amks a pravajkjdagbs= ¡`b hk oboardk ga  pub`bg suredr dopasdfdhd`k`bs tkhbs jaoa «ugk ihar ih ar ga oubrb³!    Hk pasdjdúg pasdjdúg rbhktdvk `b hk bxp bxpbrdbgjdk brdbgjdk y has jagaj jagajdodbgtas dodbgtas täjgdjas

  Zujb`b khea sdodhkr jag hk bxpbrdbgjdk y has jagajdodbgtas `b ugk `btbrodgk`k `dsjdphdgk a ug jkopa `bh skfbr. ^krk jagbjtkr prbjdskoas jrdtbrdas `b d`agbd`k`. ^ar  bmbopha, `b ta`ks hks pasdfhbs irksbs ousdjkhbs qub jaophbtkg ugk obha`ïk, ±par quä

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Oazkrt bsjaeb ugk `btbrodgk`k1 ^ubs parqub sus jrdtbrdas, su sbgtd`a pbrsagkh `b hk bstätdjk, su jagajdodbgta y bxpbrdbgjdk `b hk oýsdjk, kûk`d`as k su dopragtk  pbrsagkh, ha jagodgkg k bhha. Hk bxpbrdbgjdk a bh jagajdodbgta `bh jkopa, sd sb kpkrjk lkstk bh idgkh y sb kphdjk pkrk rbsahvbr ugk dopasdfdhd`k`, rbokrë k ikvar `b hk jrbktdvd`k`.    Hk pasdjdúg pasdjdúg rbhktdvk `b has pra pratajahas, tajahas, o oa`bhas a`bhas y iaroks saj sajdkhobgtb dkhobgtb kjbptk`k kjbptk`kss

  Bh pugta `b vdstk `b hk sajdb`k`, ug oa`bha jagajd`a (ug jkiä jartk`a, par bmbopha)  ug pratajaha kjbptk`a (jruzkr hk jkhhb jag bh sboëiara bg vbr`b) jaoa pugta idgkh `b ug prajbsa jrbktdva bs sdgúgdoa `b sahujdagbs paja `dsruptdvks (sag jasks bxdstbgtbs), pbra bophbk`a jaoa pugta `b pkrtd`k jag bh afmbtdva `b oa`didjkrha sdrvb  pkrk dgdjdkr ug prajbsa jrbktdva. Bsa sujb`b jag ta`as ta` as has pratajahas y hks sahujdagbs. Zag pasdfhbs pugtas `b pkrtd`k k jubstdagkr, pbra ga pub`bg sbr pravajkjdagbs gd sahujdagbs pbr sb.   Erk`a `b bsiubrza

  Bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva bxdeb okyar bsiubrza qub bh pbgskodbgta húedja parqub odbgtrks qub bstb gas afhdek ýgdjkobgtb k jaoprafkr hk jalbrbgjdk dgtbrgk `b ha bxpubsta, bh prdobra rbqudbrb, trks `btbjtkr bh brrar, lkhhkr ugk sahujdúg. Lky dgidgdtks pasdfhbs rbspubstks y saha kheugks pajks ‐a ugk sahk‐ vëhd`ks. Bh jbrbfra `bfb sbhbjjdagkr hk apartugk. Bstb prajbsa, rbpbtd`a oujlks vbjbs, rbsuhtk keatk`ar. Bg bh pbgskodbgta kgkhúedja ‐a jrbktdva‐ lky qub bgjagtrkr ug okrja `b rbibrbgjdk gubva odbgtrks qub bg bh pbgskodbgta húedja `bfboas ýgdjkobgtb jarrafarkr a vkhd`kr bh qub gas lkg prapubsta `bs`b bh dgdjda. Ykhd`kr bs obgas jkgsk`a qub `bsjufrdr. Hk húedjk rbpksk y jarrafark. Hk jrbktdvd`k` `btbjtk brrarbs y rbpkrk. Hk húedjk rbjagajb. Hk jrbktdvd`k` dgtra`ujb. T bsb bs tkofdäg bh oatdva par bh jukh gas jkgskoas trks bsjujlkr ug gýobra ouy bhbvk`a `b jldstbs ‐rbjar`boas qub bh prajbsa `b jaoprbgsdúg `b ug jldstb utdhdzk bh odsoa prajbsa qub bh `bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva‐. Kh jkfa `b ug tdbopa ouy  prahagek`a ga rbsuhtkg yk erkjdasas parqub bstkoas jkgsk`as. Bs bh jkgskgjda `b

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«jagbjtkr³, `b `bsjufrdr okrjas `b rbibrbgjdk bxphdjktdvas, `b `kr sbgtd`a apartuga k dgiarokjdúg pkrjdkhobgtb dgjagbxk. Dgjhusa bh obmar y oës ldhkrkgtb `b has luoardstks, kh jkfa `b ugk lark, rbsuhtk yk jkgsdga. K jagtdgukjdúg y k oa`a `b rbsuobg, ug bsqubok qub jaopkrk hk sbjubgjdk apartugk `b `dibrbgtbs lkfdhd`k`bs luokgks, bg iugjdúg `b sd hks qubrboas kphdjkr kh  pbgskodbgta kgkhïtdja a kh jrbktdva. jrbk tdva.  

Zdg bofkrea, bh `dkerkok kgtbrdar gas pub`b ksustkr parqub pkrbjb jaophbma `b hhbvkr k hk prëjtdjk. ±Júoa pub`a rbar`bgkr y rbufdjkr ods jkpkjd`k`bs pkrk pbgskr  jrbktdvkobgtb, tkh jaoa sb dg`djk1 [ub gk`db sb khkrob. Rtdhdzkr gubstrks lkfdhd`k`bs bg ug ar`bg, oa`a a sbjubgjdk `dstdgta bs sbgjdhhïsdoa y ga vk k rbqubrdr `atbs `boksdk`a bspbjdkhbs. Bg bh jkpïtuha sdeudbgtb bxphdjkrä mubeas, täjgdjks, objkgdsoas qub iaobgtkg `b iarok kutaoëtdjk bstk utdhdzkjdúg khtbrgktdvk `b gubstrk dgtbhdebgjdk. ^krk bhha, bxphdjkrä has oës dopartkgtbs patbgjdk`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k` (tkofdäg hhkok`as oatdvk`arbs). Rgk k`bjuk`k kphdjkjdúg `b hks täjgdjks y lbrrkodbgtks jrbktdvks `bh sdeudbgtb jkpïtuha lkrë qub, sdg `krgas jubgtk, utdhdjboas gubstrks lkfdhd`k`bs k`qudrd`ks bg ug ar`bg `dstdgta, `b okgbrk qub, bg huekr `b irbgkr hk

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jrbktdvd`k`, hk patbgjdkrëg.

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9  

^atbgjdk`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k`  

Has patbgjdk`arbs sag ug jagmugta `b rbjursas, täjgdjks, lbrrkodbgtks, jag`ujtks y kjtdtu`bs qub bhbvkg hk jkpkjd`k` jrbktdvk=  

 Ga kjtýkg par krtb `b okedk, sdga qub pravajkg iaroks `b pbgskr y `b `drdedr hk dgtbhdebgjdk qub `bsbofajkg gkturkhobgtb bg jrbktdvd`k`. Hks lbrrkodbgtks prbsbgtk`ks bg bstb jkpïtuha sb lkg arekgdzk`a `b kjubr`a jag has trbs pksas `bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva. K oa`a `b rbjar`ktarda= (;) sbhbjjdúg `b ug iaja, (6) dgtbrrupjdúg `b hk húedjk ob`dkgtb ug `bsphkzkodbgta, pravajkjdúg,  pkrk`amk a kfsur`a, y (:) jagbxdúg a sahujdúg. Ob eustkrïk kjhkrkr qub bh prajbsa jrbktdva ga bs tkg bxkjta jaoa bh objkgdsoa `b ug rbham y qub ga lkjb ikhtk sbeudr bstas pksas `b iarok prbjdsk jaoa qudbg jaophbtk ug doprbsa a ug prajb`dodbgta furajrëtdja. Ga pa`boas bqudpkrkr bh prajbsa jrbktdva k ugk oëqudgk `b lkjbr jlurras a skhjldjlks, bsks par hks qub bgtrk hk oktbrdk prdok par ug bxtrboa y, `bspuäs `b ktrkvbskr ug objkgdsoa, skhb par bh atra bh pra`ujta bgvksk`a y hdsta pkrk `beustkr. Lb bxphdjk`a bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva bg ugk sbjubgjdk `b trbs pksas par ugk jubstdúg `b ar`bg y prkjtdjd`k`. T jhksdidja bg bstb oaobgta hks lbrrkodbgtks y

5<

 

täjgdjks bg bstas trbs pksas par hk odsok rkzúg. @bfb tbgbrsb bg jubgtk qub jk`k uga `b has rbjursas qub klark prbsbgta pub`b tbgbr sbgtd`a `b iarok kdshk`k. Bh  pbgskodbgta jrbktdva bs pkrkobtrdzkfhb, pbra bsa ga sdegdidjk qub hk jrbktdvd`k` ga tbgek oýhtdphbs y vkrdk`as jkodgas khtbrgktdvas. Ga `bmb bh hbjtar `b atarekr k bstb jagmugta `b täjgdjks jukhqudbr utdhd`k` y kphdjkjdúg pbrsagkh qub qudbrk jagjb`brhb.  

Hk sbhbjjdúg `bh iaja   Hk sbhbjjdúg `bh iaja bs bh pugta `b pkrtd`k. Jagstdtuyb hk bsbgjdk, bh afmbta `b ha qub qubrboas trkgsiarokr, rbprbsbgtkr a dgtbrprbtkr. Rg iaja bs khea jagjrbta, khea tkgedfhb, ug pugta `bh jukh pkrtdr. Bg bh krtb, hk pdgturk, par bmbopha, bh iaja `b ug krtdstk pa`rïk bstkr sdtuk`a bg hk ideurk qub vk k pdgtkr, pbra tkofdäg bg bh oktbrdkh qub utdhdzkrë a fdbg bg bh tdpa `b iaroks qub trkzkrë. ^krk ug bsjrdtar, bh iaja pa`rïk sbr `bs`b hk hïgbk kreuobgtkh lkstk bh taga `b su gavbhk, pkskg`a par bh jkrëjtbr `b ug pbrsagkmb a su oa`a `b bxprbskrsb. Bg ëofdtas ga krtïstdjas, dgebgdbrïk (a dgjhusa jdbgjdk), bh iaja pub`b sbr `bs`b ug  prafhbok, ug afmbtdva, lkstk ugk pkrtb `b ug jagmugta `bidgd`a prbvdkobgtb. ^ar  bmbopha, bh iaja pa`rïk sbr «jagtrahkr hk erkvb`k`³ a «hk bhkstdjd`k` `bh erkidta³ a «hk `urkfdhd`k` `b ug phëstdja³ a «ugk ldpútbsds safrb júoa sb khdobgtkg y jrbjbg hks  fkjtbrdks qub ktkjkg kh kpkrkta kpkrk ta rbspdrktarda³. Atra pasdfhb iaja sag has pratajahas, bs `bjdr, hk iarok jarrbjtk y kjtukh, bidjdbgtb bg tkgta qub kjbptk`k, `b lkjbr hks jasks. ^ar bmbopha, ug iaja pa`rïk sbr bh sdophb y ugdvbrskh oa`a `b kgu`kr has jar`agbs `b ug zkpkta. Rtdhdzkrha jaoa iaja sdegdidjkrïk qub qubrboas obmarkr tkh prajbsa, k pbskr `b lkfbrsb okgtbgd`a y safrbvdvd`a k sdehas `b tdbopa. Bg dggavkjdúg boprbskrdkh ug iaja pa`rïk sbr «bh `bsba `b kuobgtkr hks vbgtks bg hk zagk gartb³ a fdbg «hk oatdvkjdúg `bh pbrsagkh³ a dgjhusa, ug bhbobgta `bh  pra`ujta a sbrvdjda. Rg iaja pa`rïk sbr bh tkpúg `b ugk fatbhhk a bh gdvbh `b sktdsikjjdúg `bh sbrvdjda `b ktbgjdúg kh jhdbgtb.   ^VDOBVK ^AZDFDHD@K@= HK @BJDZDÚG JAGZJDBGPB T ^HKGDIDJK@K @BH IAJA

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  Hk sbhbjjdúg `b ug iaja `bfbrïk sbr ug pksa `bhdfbrk`a y pbgsk`a. Ga bs ug bhbobgta bsjaed`a kh kzkr, `k`a qub su bhbjjdúg ardbgtk bh prajbsa jrbktdva. K hk lark `b  pra`ujdr gubvks d`bks jag rbhkjdúg k, par bmbopha, ugk fbfd`k bgvksk`k, ga tbg`rë gk`k qub vbr bsjaebr jaoa iaja jrbktdva bh tkpúg `b hk fatbhhk a hk jaopasdjdúg `bh hïqud`a. Ga saha has rbsuhtk`as idgkhbs `dibrdrëg bg uga y atra jksa, sdga qub tkofdäg hks dophdjkjdagbs boprbskrdkhbs qub bgtrkûk kjtukr safrb ug bhbobgta jaoa bh tkpúg (kjjbsarda bg hk fbfd`k) rbspbjta k hk prapdk iúrouhk a rbjbtk (bhbobgta bsbgjdkh bg hk  fbfd`k) sag fdbg `dstdgtks. Bs oës bstrktäedja jkofdkr hk iúrouhk `b ugk fbfd`k qub hk iarok bg qub jbrrkoas bh bgvksb. Ha odsoa sujb`b bg jukhqudbr atra jkopa. Jukgta oës rbhkjdagk`a bstä bh iaja jag ha qub lkjb rbjagajdfhb bh bhbobgta k oa`didjkr, oës rk`djkh sbrë bh rbsuhtk`a. Bs jaoa ug kgjhk qub idmk ugk gkvb kh iag`a okrdga y bvdtk qub sb oubvk `b `ag`b bstë. ^a`rïkoas tkofdäg `bgaodgkr «kgjhks³ k kqubhhas bhbobgtas qub lkjbg rbjagajdfhb k ug afmbta. ^ar bmbopha, ug rbirbsja `b jahk bs bsbgjdkhobgtb rbjagajdfhb par su jahar asjura. Bh jahar `bh hïqud`a sbrïk ug kgjhk. ±^ar quä1 ^ubs parqub sd ga sb oa`didjk, sbeudrë rbjagajdäg`asb ugk jahk. T, sd sb jkofdk, bopdbzk k `bmkr `b sbr rbjagajdfhb. ^ubs fdbg, jukg`a sb taok jaoa iaja ug kgjhk, okyar prafkfdhd`k` lky `b qub bh  pra`ujta jrbktdva sbk ugk dggavkjdúg rk`djkh. Bs húedja, bstkrboas oa`didjkg`a ug bhbobgta `b has qub lkjb rbjagajdfhb bh afmbta prdgjdpkh. [ub bh iaja sbk ug bhbobgta bsbgjdkh u atra jdrjugstkgjdkh bs khea qub pa`boas `bjd`dr `bhdfbrk`kobgtb. Hk sbeug`k apjdúg bs hk pasdfdhd`k` jagtrkrdk= iarouhkr iajas k pkrtdr `b hk dgtudjdúg y hks jarkzagk`ks. Ybkoas.   ZBERG@K ^AZDFDHD@K@= HKZ JAVK]AGK@KZ T HK DGPRDJDÚG JAOA EBGBVK@AVBZ @B IAJAZ

  @bfa kquï lkjbr rbibrbgjdk kh idhúsaia bstk`augd`bgsb Jlkrhbs Z. ^bdrjb (;2  

kjtdvd`k`. Hk bxpbrdbgjdk `b ihuma bs ouy erktdidjkgtb y `diïjdhobgtb pa`boas rbgugjdkr k bhhk jukg`a hk lboas bxpbrdobgtk`a. Bstë jaoprafk`a qub ugk pbrsagk bstkrë dgjhusa `dspubstk k skjrdidjkrsb par bhhk. Zapartkrïk `ahar iïsdja a psdjahúedja jag tkh `b aftbgbrhk. Bsta bxphdjk hk tbgkjd`k` `b has jrbk`arbs, `b has krtdstks y `b hks pbrsagks qub kokg ha qub lkjbg. Pkofdäg bxphdjk bh ardebg `b hk kutabxdebgjdk jagtdguk`k. Bh oës okha kjkfk sdbg`a fubga bg ha qub hb eustk. T hk pbrsagk oës frdhhkgtb kjkfk sdbg`a ob`dajrb bg ha qub ga hb eustk. Zd qudbrbg qub sus ldmas sb sdtýbg  praibsdagkhobgtb, pbroïtkghbs `b`djkrsb k ha qub k bhhas (y ga k ustb`bs) hbs eustk. Klï kjkfkrëg `bstkjkg`a a, jukg`a obgas, jrbkg`a. Bg atrks pkhkfrks, `dsirutkg`a `b su trkfkma y, par bg`b, `b sus vd`ks.  

JAGJB^PA @B ^BVODZA JVBKPDYA T BGPAVGA JRHPRVKH   ±Bg quä `didbrb hk jrbktdvd`k` `b ug dgehäs rbspbjta k hk `b ug mkpagäs1 ±Bg quä sb ksbobmk hk jrbktdvd`k` bg Bspkûk k hk qub sb afsbrvk, par bmbopha, bg Bstk`as Rgd`as1 Bs dopasdfhb rbspag`br k bstk jubstdúg sdg dgtra`ujdr ugk `djataoïk qub pub`b rbsuhtkr jlajkgtb= ±quä bs oës dopartkgtb bg hk jrbktdvd`k`= hk dokedgkjdúg a hk jkpturk `b vkhar1 Zb `bidgb ug pra`ujta jrbktdva jaoa kqubh qub bs gubva y ýtdh. Zd ga bs gubva, ga lk sd`a jrbk`a. T sd ga bs ýtdh, tbgboas ugk d`bk hajk sdg vkhar. Gavb`k` y utdhd`k` sag `as jkrkjtbrïstdjks iug`kobgtkhbs `b ta`k d`bk jrbktdvk. Hks `dibrbgjdks juhturkhbs bg jrbktdvd`k` tdbgbg qub vbr jag kofks jkrkjtbrïstdjks. Zdg bofkrea, bg ug oug`a ehafkh `ag`b ha qub sb jrbk bg ugk pkrtb `bh ehafa bs jagajd`a bg bh atra bxtrboa kh jkfa `b paja tdbopa, bh ikjtar gavb`k` lk `bmk`a `b sbr khea hajkh. Zd ugk d`bk kpkrbjdú bg Jkgk`ë bh kûa pksk`a, pa`rë `bjïrsbhb (¡hbeïtdokobgtb!) k jukhqudbrk qub hk suedbrk `bspuäs bg atra huekr qub bsa lk sd`a yk dgvbgtk`a a d`bk`a jag kgtbrdard`k`. Hk jagsbjubgjdk `b hk ehafkhdzkjdúg k hk qub hk jrbktdvd`k` ‐krtïstdjk, sajdkh a boprbskrdkh‐ sb vb kfajk`k bs qub hks `dibrbgjdks juhturkhbs bstëg jbgtrëg`asb  prdgjdpkhobgtb bg bh oa`a bg qub sb jkpturk bh vkhar `b hks d`bks. ^ar bmbopha, bh vëtbr bspkûah y bh mkpagäs sag fkstkgtb pkrbjd`as, pbra ga bh oa`a bg qub sb utdhdzkg. Bg Mkpúg bh keuk `b hk jdstbrgk ga sdrvb saha pkrk bvkjukr bh jagtbgd`a, sdga tkofdäg

;>9  

 pkrk ldedbgb jutëgbk. Atra bmbopha= bh jagjbpta `b ZOZ bs bh odsoa bgtrb pkïsbs,  pbra bs rk`djkhobgtb `dstdgta bh qudäg qud äg y júoa has utdhdzkg sus jdu`k`kgas. jdu`k`kg as. Bg Bspkûk has ZOZ brkg kgtkûa bgvdk`as bgtrb praibsdagkhbs par jubstdagbs hkfarkhbs, jask qub ga sujb`ïk bg atras pkïsbs, `ag`b has obgskmbs jartas iubrag `urkgtb oujla tdbopa ugk prëjtdjk tïpdjk y jksd bxjhusdvk `b hk ebgtb mavbg. Bh sbeug`a kspbjta qub `btbrodgk hks `dibrbgjdks juhturkhbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k` bs bh bgtarga. Pa`a dg`dvd`ua pbrtbgbjb k ug sdstbok sajdkh. T bsb sdstbok pub`b `kr  okyar a obgar hdfbrtk` k sus dgtberkgtbs. Hk jrbktdvd`k` qub pa`ïk `bsphbekr ug trkfkmk`ar bg ugk iëfrdjk `b hk Vusdk jaougdstk brk dgibrdar k hk `b ug odsoa apbrkrda qub trkfkmksb bg hk odsok dg`ustrdk, pbra bg Lahkg`k. Bgtrkoas bg bh jagjbpta `b pbrodsa sajdkh. Jk`k sajdb`k` atarek jdbrta erk`a `b  pbrodsa a hdfbrtk` pkrk oa`didjkr oa`didj kr bh oa`a bg qub sus odbofras lkjbg hks jasks. Bsk hdfbrtk` ga bstë gbjbskrdkobgtb vdgjuhk`k kh sdstbok pahïtdja vdebgtb, kugqub eukr`k jdbrtk rbhkjdúg. Hk sajdb`k` gartbkobrdjkgk, par bmbopha, k pbskr `b sbr hdfbrkh y `boajrëtdjk, bstë bxtrkar`dgkrdkobgtb sumbtk k rbstrdjjdagbs `b ta`k ïg`ahb. Bs ugk sajdb`k` iubrtbobgtb rbehkobgtk`k `ag`b has usas y hks jastuofrbs sajdkhbs, k pbskr  `b hk `dvbrsd`k`, bstëg ouy krrkdek`as. Rg tbrjbr ikjtar `btbrodgkgtb `b hks `dibrbgjdks juhturkhbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k` tdbgb qub vbr jag hk bstrujturk `b pbrsagkhd`k` `aodgkgtb. Irkgjdk bs ug pkïs bodgbgtbobgtb rbfbh`b, ha qub kibjtk k su jrbktdvd`k`, oujla oës rupturdstk y `bskidkgtb. Mkpúg bs ug pkïs `b ebgtb saûk`ark. Zu jrbktdvd`k` bs oës gkïi, fusjk hk  phkstdjd`k` y hk bgsaûkjdúg. Bspkûk bs ug pk pkïs ïs `ag`b dopbrk hk jldspk y bh dgebgda, ha qub iarmk ugk jrbktdvd`k` bg hk qub hk ardedgkhd`k` prdok par bgjdok `b hk utdhd`k`. Hk gartbkobrdjkgk bs ugk sajdb`k` apubstk, jhkrkobgtb prkeoëtdjk. Klï, hk jrbktdvd`k` bs bspbjdkhobgtb utdhdtkrdstk.6  Hk sajdb`k` ebrokgk bs, kgtb ta`a, rkjdagkh. Zu jrbktdvd`k` lk ebrodgk`a trk`djdagkhobgtb bg bh jkopa jdbgtïidja y bg hk dgebgdbrïk. Zus pra`ujtas jrbktdvas `bfbg sbr kreuobgtk`as y jaoprbg`d`as `bs`b hk rkjdagkhd`k` oës rbjkhjdtrkgtb. Hk sajdb`k` dtkhdkgk bs kokgtb `b hks iaroks. Bh `dsbûa, hk bstätdjk y ha iarokh bs pkrtb bsbgjdkh `b su jrbktdvd`k`. Ga bg vkga hk oa`k  hk kutaoajdúg dtkhdkgk lkg `bspugtk`a prdgjdpkhobgtb par su `dsbûa. Bh ýhtdoa ikjtar juhturkh tdbgb qub vbr jag hk prb`dspasdjdúg kh jkofda. Hks sajdb`k`bs dgoavdhdstks ga tahbrkg fdbg hks prapubstks rupturdstks. ^rbidbrbg bh jkofda  pkuhktdga kh jkofda rk`djkh. Zag `b hk apdgdúg `b qub, paja k paja, deukhobgtb pub`b khjkgzkrsb ugk trkgsiarokjdúg dgtberkh. Has mkpagbsbs y has jldgas sag ug jhkra bxpagbgtb `b bstb pbgskodbgta. Zu oa`a `b jkofdkr hks jasks bs pkuhktdga, pkusk`a,

;>5

 

dgjrbobgtkh. Bg jkofda, sajdb`k`bs praerbsdstks jaoa hk irkgjbsk a ldstrdúgdjks jaoa hk bspkûahk prbidbrbg jkofdas frusjas. Pbg`boas k khkfkr hk d`bk rk`djkh, kugqub su vkhar sbk `u`asa, par bgjdok `b hk obmark pkuhktdgk qub sahboas tkjlkr `b japdk a `b okqudhhkmb. Bh jajdgbra Ibrrkg K`rdî `djb qub jrbktdvd`k` bs ga japdkr. Ta ga bstay tatkhobgtb `b kjubr`a. ^arqub ugk jask bs hk japdk fur`k, tkofdäg hhkok`k dodtkjdúg, y atrk jask bs hk rbdgtbrprbtkjdúg. Bg rbkhd`k`, bs dopasdfhb ga taokr `b khea pkrk jrbkr khea gubva. Pa`a krtdstk fbfb `b kheugk iubgtb. Hk `bidgdjdúg `b K`rdî tdbgb tkgta `b jdbrta jaoa `b dopasdfhb. Bg jukhqudbr jksa, sag hks `bidgdjdagbs qub par su rk`djkhd`k`, kquï, bg Ajjd`bgtb, oës gas eustkg. Bg Ardbgtb `drïkg qub jrbktdvd`k` bs, sdophbobgtb, jkofda.  

@as jubstdagbs prëjtdjks jag rbhkjdúg k hk jrbktdvd`k` pbrsagkh   AFMBPAZ @B HK JVBKPDYD@K@, ZAFVB [RÄ HK IAJKHD]KOAZ   Hk jrbktdvd`k` pub`b sbr kfajk`k safrb jukhqudbr jask bxjbpta, jaoa `dmdoas kh dgdjda `bh hdfra, safrb atrks pbrsagks jaoa afmbta. Bg ta`a ha `boës, pub`b `bsphbekrsb jrbktdvd`k`. Zafrb jukhqudbr afmbta iïsdja, iarok `b bxprbsdúg,  prajb`dodbgta a iarok `b iugjdagkodbgta. @bs`b ug pugta `b vdstk pbrsagkh, y klag`kg`a ug paja oës bg bh jagjbpta `b oatdvkjdúg dgtrïgsbjk, rbjaodbg`a sbr jrbktdva jag kqubhhks jasks qub gas eustbg, jag ha qub `dsirutkoas (sbk ug mubea, ug krtb a ug gbeajda), jag gubstrks kibjjdagbs y kidjdagbs. Lky qudbgbs `bsbkg vahjkr su jrbktdvd`k` bg ta`a kqubhha qub hbs pub`k lkjbr  ekgkr oës `dgbra. Kphdjkr jrbktdvd`k` k kqubhha qub ebgbrk dgerbsas pub`b sbrvdr pkrk ekgkr oujla `dgbra pbra tkofdäg pkrk pbr`brha. Hk jrbktdvd`k` kphdjk`k, bs `bjdr, hk dggavkjdúg, bgtrkûk ug rdbsea. K oujlas hbs jaopbgsk safrk`kobgtb bsb rdbsea jag bh `dsirutb `b `bskidkr y boprbg`br, pbra bsa bs yk atra tbok qub bsjkpk kh ëofdta `b bstb bgskya. Bg jukhqudbr jksa, ga ahvd`boas qub jukg`a hk jrbktdvd`k` sb kfajk safrb ha qub gas hhbgk, subhb vbgdr kjaopkûk`k `b kheýg tdpa `b dgerbsa, prboda a  praspbrd`k`.  

;><  

 

BH HREKV T BH OAOBGPA @B HKZ D@BKZ   ^krbjb ug jagtrksbgtd`a kidrokr qub hks d`bks tbgekg ug huekr iïsdja `btbrodgk`a jukg`a bg rbkhd`k` bstks surebg `b gubstrk obgtb. Zdg bofkrea, bs ksï. Ga `bfboas ahvd`kr qub gubstrk obgtb lkfdtk bg ug jubrpa y qub bh huekr `ag`b gas lkhhkoas `btbrodgkrë bg erkg ob`d`k hk pra`ujtdvd`k` obgtkh qub pub`k pra`ujdr. Lky ug `bfktb dgtbrbskgtb bg targa k sd sb tdbgbg obmarbs d`bks fkma sdtukjdagbs `b  prbsdúg y bsträs a sd, par bh jagtrkrda, bs bg oaobgtas `b rbhkmkjdúg rbhkmkj dúg jukg`a pbgskoas jag okyar jhkrd`k`. Lky `btrkjtarbs y pkrtd`krdas `b kofks tbsds. Pbgea ug kodea  pdkgdstk qub jaopagïk sus obmarbs obm arbs obha`ïks jukg`a bstkfk `b bxëobgbs. Hk tbgsdúg t bgsdúg boajdagkh kuobgtkfk y brk jkpkz `b kfajkrhk kh tbjhk`a jag fubgas rbsuhtk`as. Bg jkofda, bstë jaoýgobgtb kjbptk`a qub fkma bsträs hk obgtb subhb fhaqubkrsb y  pbgskoas jag okyar hbgtdtu`, degarkg`a dgiarokjdúg rbhbvkgtb pkrk hk taok `b `bjdsdagbs. Zb lk jagjhud`a qub hk prbsdúg afhdek k jrbkr pbra qub has pra`ujtas rbsuhtkgtbs ga subhbg sbr tkg fubgas, `bfd`a k hk prbourk `b tdbopa. Hk `ajuobgtkjdúg safrb lkhhkzeas jdbgtïidjas a ebstkjdúg `b afrks `b krtb airbjb ug gýobra ouy bhbvk`a `b bmbophas qub `boubstrkg qub bs bg huekrbs trkgqudhas jukg`a hks d`bks `b okyar jkhd`k` surebg. Bsb huekr vkrïk sbeýg hk pbrsagk, gkjdagkhd`k` y oaobgta `b hk ldstardk. ^bra bstkrboas `b kjubr`a bg qub jk`k uga `b gasatras tdbgb ug huekr prb`dhbjta `ag`b sb sdbgtb bspbjdkhobgtb k eusta, `ag`b pub`b `bsjagbjtkr y `bmkr vahkr su dokedgkjdúg. Bs bh huekr qub rbspag`b k hk prbeugtk= «T k td, ±`úg`b sb tb ajurrbg hks obmarbs d`bks1³. K pbskr `b qub jk`k pbrsagk tdbgb ug huekr `dstdgta, lky ugk jhksdidjkjdúg `b has huekrbs `ag`b hk dokedgkjdúg sb pagb bg okrjlk y sb `bsfar`k. K skfbr=   • Rga.  Hk `ujlk y hk fkûbrk sag, gugjk obmar `djla, ug okgkgtdkh `b erkg`bs d`bks. Bh bibjta tbrkpäutdja `bh keuk safrb bh jubrpa y su jkpkjd`k` pkrk rbhkmkrgas iub yk `bsjufdbrta bg hk kgtdeuk Erbjdk y par hk juhturk raokgk. Bh keuk jkhdbgtb kfrb has paras `b hk pdbh y hk tbopbrkturk jarparkh khjkgzk ugas gdvbhbs jdbrtkobgtb rbhkmkgtbs. Jbrrkoas has amas, gas `bmkoas dr, hk obgtb sb `bsvkgbjb y, `b pragta, bopbzkoas k pbgskr `b oa`a jrbktdva, k tbgbr d`bks y oës d`bks, kheugks sdg sbgtd`a, atrks dgtbrbskgtbs. Gubstrk dokedgkjdúg sb pagb bg okrjlk. • @as.  Vbkhdzkg`a kjtdvd`k`bs qub gas `dstrkbg. Bh prapda ^kuh OjJkrtgby rbjagajdú qub hk obha`ïk `b «Tbstbr`ky³ vdga k su jkfbzk odbgtrks fktïk lubvas pkrk

;>4  

lkjbrsb ugk tartdhhk. Has «jhkj, jhkj, jhkj³ `bh tbgb`ar jagtrk bh phkta sb jagvdrtdbrag bg hks trbs prdobrk gatks `b ugk `b hks obha`ïks oës jähbfrbs `b ta`as has tdbopas. Tk sbk lkjdbg`a raopbjkfbzks `b idjlks, pugta `b jruz, `bpartb a jajdgkg`a ug phkta bspbjdkh pkrk bh `aodgea, rbkhdzkr kjtdvd`k`bs qub `dstrkbg pravajk qub hk obgtb  pdbgsb, sdg sbr jagsjdbgtbs `b bhha, b hha, safrb ksugtas par rbsahvbr. Rgk obgtb `dstrkï`k ga ga bs ugk obgtb dopra`ujtdvk, parqub gubstrk jkfbzk gugjk `bmk `b pbgskr. • Prbs.  Bgtrb bsas huekrbs oëedjas `b hks d`bks sb bgjubgtrk hk jkok. Bg bibjta, `urodbg`a a saûkg`a oujlas ebgdas lkg tbgd`a sus obmarbs d`bks. Malkgg Zbfkstdkg Fkjl `dma qub musta bg bh oaobgta `b `bspbrtkrsb kihuïkg k su obgtb obha`ïks bg bstk`a pura qub lkfïk bstk`a saûkg`a. Zd bspbrkfk ugas odgutas, bsks obha`ïks sb bgturfdkrïkg, ksï qub tbgïk mugta k su jkok pkpbh pkutk`a pkrk kgatkr, ta`kvïk obtd`a bgtrb hks sëfkgks, hk irksb obhú`djk qub larks oës tkr`b `bskrrahhkrïk bg bh jhkvb jukg`a sb pusdbrk k trkfkmkr. • Juktra.  Bg oavdodbgta. Hk rbhktdvd`k` gas `djb qub bspkjda y tdbopa bstëg rbhkjdagk`as y qub k ouy khtks vbhajd`k`bs bh tdbopa trkgsjurrb oës `bspkjda. Zbeurkobgtb hk jurvkturk bs dopbrjbptdfhb jkodgkg`a k 6 co/l, k ;2 co/l bg  fdjdjhbtk, k co/l bg kutaoúvdh a k 4>> co/l bg kvdúg. ^bra bs dggbekfhb qub jukg`a bstkoas bg oavdodbgta sb pra`ujb jdbrta jkofda bg gubstrk pbrjbpjdúg `bh tdbopa. Oujlks pbrsagks rbjagajbg tbgbr ajurrbgjdks jukg`a sb `bsphkzkg. Bg od jksa pbrsagkh, bs uga `b has oaobgtas bg qub oës d`bks ebgbra. • Jdgja.  Afsbrvkr hk gkturkhbzk bs atra `b has dgspdrk`arbs `bh sbr luokga. Hk gkturkhbzk, bh rbdga kgdokh, has ibgúobgas obtbarahúedjas lkg sd`a iubgtb dgkeatkfhb `b d`bks. Kh idg y kh jkfa, gubstrks jähuhks lkg sured`a `b hk gkturkhbzk, : par ha qub afsbrvkrhk sdboprb pra`ujb d`bks ýtdhbs.   Hk hdstk sbrïk dgtbrodgkfhb. Jaoa lb dg`djk`a, jk`k pbrsagk tbg`rë su skgtukrda  pkrtdjuhkr. Bgtrb ta`as bhhas, ga qubrïk `bmkr `b kgatkr uga ugdvbrskh b degark`a qub tkh vbz pksk klark par hk jkfbzk `b qudbg hbb bstks hïgbks, bsb ksdbgta `ag`b k `dkrda `bsklaekoas gubstrks pbgks y vkjdkoas has dgtbstdgas, bsb huekr `ag`b lkjb ugas obsbs ‐pkhkfrk `b lagar‐ sb ob ajurrdú júoa kfar`kr bstb hdfra.

;;>

 

 

Pkfhk rbsuobg `b bstrktbedks y rbjursas pkrk jk`k dgldfd`ar jrbktdva  

Zd fdbg bh jkpïtuha juktra lk bstk`a bspbjdkhobgtb `b`djk`a k júoa bhdodgkr  dgldfd`arbs, ha jdbrta bs qub tkofdäg has patbgjdk`arbs `b hk jrbktdvd`k` `b has jkpïtuhas jdgja y sbds ksï jaoa hks jubstdagbs prëjtdjks `bh jkpïtuha sdbtb sdrvbg k tkhbs bibjtas. Bs par tkh oatdva qub lb `bjd`d`a dgjhudr bstb rbsuobg ar`bgk`a `b ta`a ha vdsta, bg iarok `b tkfhk. Bg bhhk sb rbhkjdagkg has `dbz dgldfd`arbs prbsbgtk`as bg hk prdobrk pkrtb jag ta`as   jk`k uga `b has bpïerkibs `b hk sbeug`k pkrtb `bh hdfra. Bstk tkfhk pbrodtdrë qub jk`k hbjtar rbjupbrb, bg iugjdúg `b sus prdard`k`bs y gbjbsd`k`bs, hks pëedgks `b su oëxdoa dgtbräs.   Dgldfd`ar

Bg quä jagsdstb bh dgldfd`ar

Iaroks `b hdfbrkrsb a patbgjdk`arbs

Hk jkrek `b hk bxjbhbgjdk

Ksdodhkjdúg bgtrb ebgdkhd`k` y jrbktdvd`k`

Oäta`a Ckdzbg (Jkpïtuha 0)3 Oatdvkjdúg dgtrïgsbjk (Jkpïtuha 5)3 Afmbtas `b hk jrbktdvd`k` (Jkpïtuha 5)

Bh prajbsa `b sajdkhdzkjdúg

K`apjdúg `b garoktdvks sajdkhbs y  prbjbptas `b jagvdvbgjdk

Vbhktdvd`k` sajdkh (Jkpïtuha 0)

Hk bidjdbgjdk `b has

K`apjdúg `b iaroks `b lkjbr par su Vbfbh`ïk jagtrahk`k (Jkpïtuha 0)3 Jagsuhtkr k gavktas

 pratajahas

bidjkjdk y bidjdbgjdk

Hk iubrzk `b has oa`bhas Pbg`bgjdk jagvbrebgtb `b gubstra sdstbok pbrjbptukh. Pbg`boas k rbjagajbr.

(Jkpïtuha 9)3 Dgtbrsbjjdúg `b `dsjdphdgks (Jkpïtuha 9)3 Zahujdagbs sdophbs (Jkpïtuha 9) @bsjaopagbr bg pkrtbs (Jkpïtuha 9)3 Jagsuhtkr k gavktas (Jkpïtuha 9)3 Oäta`a Ckdzbg (Jkpïtuha 0)

Hk pbrjbpjdúg sbsek`k `b hk rbkhd`k`

Dgjkpkjd`k` `b khjkgzkr ugk oïgdok @dkegústdja (Jkpïtuha 0)3 Bvkhukjdúg ksdoätrdjk (Jkpïtuha 0) afmbtdvd`k`

Bh pb pbsa sa `b hk hú húed edjk jk

Rs Rsaa pprb rb`a `aod odgk gkgt gtbb `bh `bh pb pbgs gsko kodb dbgt gtaa rkjdagkh

Pa`ks hks täjgdjks pkrk dgtbrrupjdúg `b hk húedjk (Jkpïtuha 9)= ZBJVBP, Kgëhdsds oariahúedja, Kgkhaeïks, Dgvbrsdagbs, «[uä  pkskrïk sd…³, Khbktardb`k`…3 Iubrzk `b hk dgtudjdúg (Jkpïtuha 9)3 Rsa `bh dgjagsjdbgtb (Jkpïtuha 9)

Bh sds sdstb tbok ok b`u b`ujk jktd tdva va

K` K`ap apjd jdúg úg y us usaa `b okr okrja jass `b `b rbibrbgjdk bgsbûk`as bg bh sdstbok

Vbfbh`ïk jagtrahk`k (Jkpïtuha 0)3 Bvkhukjdúg `b suebrbgjdks (Jkpïtuha 0)

Bh odb` odb`aa kh br brra rarr

b`ujktdva Vbjl Vbjlkz kzaa k bq bqud udva vajk jkrs rsb, b, `b `bssba `b bs bstk tkr  r Päjgdjk `bh afmbtdva sdg afmbtdvas (Jkpïtuha 0)3 Hk gbjbsd`k` bg ha jdbrta `b ug Plba (Jkpïtuha 0)3 Ebstdúg `bh odb`a kh brrar Jkpïtuha

0)3 ^brodsa jrbktdva y bgtarga juhturkh (Jkpïtuha 5).

;;;  

Hk gb gbek ekjd jdúg úg pr prap apdk dk

Jr Jrbb bbgj gjdk dk idro idrobb bg bg ugk ugk dgjk dgjkpk pkjd jd`k `k``  prapdk pkrk hk jrbktdvd`k`

Jkgtd`k`, ldmk `b hk jkhd`k` (Jkpïtuha 5)3 Kjbptkjdúg `b hk kutägtdjk iugjdúg `b hk jrbktdvd`k` (Jkpïtuhas 0 y 2)3 Jagjdbgjdk `b qub hks odsoks lkfdhd`k`bs bg ar`bg `dstdgta sdrvbg pkrk jrbkr (Jkpïtuha 2)

Hk kusbgjdk `b ug oäta`a

@bsjagajdodbgta `b qub bh  pbgskodbgta jrbktdva sdeub ug oäta`a

Has trbs pksas `bh pbgskodbgta jrbktdva (jkpïtuha ; y jkpïtuha 9)3 Jagajdodbgta `b has patbgjdk`arbs y täjgdjks jrbktdvks (Jkpïtuha 9)3 Jubstdagbs prëjtdjks `bh prajbsa (Jkpïtuha 5)3 Okpks obgtkhbs (Jkpïtuha 9)3 Pdbopa `bstdgk`a k hk jrbktdvd`k` (Jkpïtuha 5).

;;6

 

Bpïhaea  

Bh idgkh `b hk jrbktdvd`k`  

±Hhbekrë ug `ïk bg qub hk jrbktdvd`k` sb keatb bg bh oug`a1 Jkgtú Mareb Okgrdqub qub «jukhqudbr tdbopa pksk`a iub obmar³. @k hk sbgskjdúg `b qub kgtbs sb vdvïk obmar, `b qub tdbopa ktrës ta`a brk oës sbgjdhha. ±Jkfb kphdjkr ha odsoa k hk jrbktdvd`k`1 ±Iubrag tkofdäg obmarbs has tdbopas pksk`as bg bsk jkpkjd`k`1 Hk rbspubstk `bpbg`b `bh tdpa `b jrbktdvd`k` kh qub gas rbidrkoas. Bg bh ëofdta dg`ustrdkh, bstë jhkra qub lay tbgboas oës jrbktdvd`k`. Bh gýobra `b pktbgtbs y kvkgjbs tbjgahúedjas `bh ýhtdoa sdeha bs bxpagbgjdkhobgtb supbrdar kh `b hks vbdgtb jbgturdks kgtbrdarbs. Zb pktbgtkg odhbs `b pra`ujtas jk`k kûa, odhbs `b okrjks, odhbs `b gavb`k`bs. ±T bg jrbktdvd`k` krtïstdjk1 Zb `djb qub bstkoas bg ug oaobgta `b hk ldstardk `ag`b bh krtb bstë bg jrdsds, qub ga sb skfb fdbg lkjdk `úg`b vk, qub jagihuybg y jagvdvbg ug bhbvk`a gýobra `b bstdhas y iaroks, y qub, sbeýg kheugks iubgtbs, lky ug vkjïa jrbktdva bg bh oug`a. ^ub`b trktkrsb `b ugk jagjhusdúg prbjdpdtk`k. Jukg`a jaopkrkoas hks jrbkjdagbs `bh pksk`a jag hks kjtukhbs lky ug sbsea qub `bsvdrtýk bh `dkegústdja. ^krk qub ugk afrk jrbk`k sdehas ktrës hhbeub lkstk gubstras `ïks `bfb pkskr oujlas idhtras. Zaha hks erkg`bs jrbkjdagbs safrbvdvbg. Hks ob`dajrbs `bskpkrbjbg. Bg tdbopas `b Oazkrt lkfïk jbgtbgkrbs `b jaopasdtarbs bg Burapk. Zus pkrtdturks sb b`dtkfkg b dgtbrprbtkfkg. ^bra sd ga tbgïkg hk jkhd`k` gbjbskrdk pkrk pkskr k hk pastbrd`k`, brkg rbhbek`ks kh ahvd`a. @b vdvdr bg bh sdeha \YDDD, par bmbopha, tbg`rïkoas hk idrob jagvdjjdúg `b qub sb jaopagïk obmar oýsdjk bg bh sdeha \Y, pubs jaopkrkrïkoas hk jkhd`k` `b hks jaopasdjdagbs safrbvdvd`ks trbs sdehas jag hk tatkhd`k` `b hk oýsdjk, tkgta bxjbhsk jaoa ob`dajrb, qub par bgtagjbs sb jaopagïk. T ha odsoa sdrvb pkrk jukhqudbr krtb. ^ar tkgta, yk qub hk jaopkrkjdúg jukhdtktdvk pub`b bstkr sbsek`k, atra oa`a `b bvkhukr sd lky oës a obgas jrbktdvd`k` qub bg bh pksk`a sbrïk jukgtdidjkr hk  pra`ujjdúg krtïstdjk. Bg bstb sbgtd`a, ha jdbrta bs qub sb pra`ujb jk`k vbz oës. Bh

gýobra `b tïtuhas pufhdjk`as bg bh oug`a kuobgtk sdg jbskr, sb bsjrdfbg oës

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eudagbs, sb pra`ujbg oës sbrdbs y pbhïjuhks, oës `ajuobgtkhbs, oës afrks `b tbktra… ^ar ha qub, kh obgas bg tärodgas jukgtdtktdvas, pub`b kidrokrsb qub lky oës jrbktdvd`k`. ±T par quä1 @b bgtrb ta`as has oatdvas qudsdbrk rbskhtkr uga. Lky oës jrbktdvd`k`  parqub lky oës hdfbrtk` bg bh oug`a. Bg tdbopas a huekrbs `ag`b lufa (a lky) bsjhkvdtu`, ±bs pasdfhb hk jrbktdvd`k`1 ±^ub`b sbr jrbktdvk ugk pbrsagk juyk hdfbrtk` bs guhk a jksd guhk1 Pkh vbz pa`rë sbrha bg bh dgtbrdar `b su obgtb, pbra `diïjdhobgtb bstkrë bg `dspasdjdúg `b jrdstkhdzkrhk bg afrks jagjrbtks. Zu jrbktdvd`k` ga pa`rë sbr   pra`ujd`k y qub`krë qub `krë bgjbrrk`k bg su dokedgkj dokedgkjdúg, dúg, jaoa hb sujb`dú kh pratkeagdstk prat keagdstk `b hk ikfuhask  Gavbhk `b kmb`rbz ,  `b Ztbikg ]wbde, ug kmb`rbjdstk rbjhud`a kûas par has gkzds juyks muek`ks, bg kusbgjdk `b hdfbrtk`, pbrokgbjïkg tkofdäg prdsdagbrks bg su oboardk. Lboas bxphdjk`a bg hks prdobrks pëedgks `b bstb hdfra qub hk jrbktdvd`k` bs hk dokedgkjdúg kphdjk`k kh `bsba jaoa oëxdok bxprbsdúg `b hdfbrtk` `b ug sbr luokga. Jukgta okyar sbk hk jatk `b hdfbrtk` y praerbsa `b ugk sajdb`k`, okyar sbrë hk jrbktdvd`k` qub sus odbofras `bsphbekrëg. Lky oujlk ebgtb lay bg `ïk, bspbjdkhobgtb `bh oug`a `b hk juhturk, prbajupk`k  par júoa dgtbrgbt bstë pbrmu`djkg`a bh krtb a hk jrbktdvd`k`. Zb lk kidrok`a qub dgtbrgbt bs ugk kobgkzk pkrk, par bmbopha, hk hdtbrkturk. Ha bs pkrk has hdfras bg bh iarokta bg qub has jagajïkoas. ^bra jaoa Okrda Ykreks Hhask `dma rbjdbgtbobgtb, y oujlas lboas `bibg`d`a bg krtïjuhas a jagibrbgjdks, dgtbrgbt bs, k`boës `b ug ob`da vdsukh, ug ob`da bsjrdta. Gkvbekr par dgtbrgbt dophdjk hbbr. @b kjubr`a, `b ug oa`a `dstdgta kh `b ug hdfra, pbra bs hbjturk kh idg y kh jkfa. T tkofdäg bs bsjrdturk. Bg bstb sbgtd`a, hk tbhbvdsdúg bs oujla oës pksdvk qub hk rb`. K`boës, dgtbrgbt bs ug ob`da hdfrb, `ag`b bh gýobra `b bodsarbs `b obgskmbs supbrk bh `b jukhqudbr atra ob`da. T par bsa bs ug ob`da tkg jrbktdva a, jukg`a obgas, `ag`b has usukrdas  fusjkg y jrbkg bspkjdas bg has qub `bsphbekr su jrbktdvd`k`, `ag`b bxprbskrsb. Pdbopa ktrës bh laofrb sb bxprbskfk bg hks pkrb`bs `b hks jkvbrgks3 lay ha lkjb jag iataerkiïks `dedtkhbs. Dgtbrgbt bs jaoa ug bgarob oura `ag`b pdgtkr erkidtds. Bs ug bspkjda hdfrb pkrk hk bxprbsdúg. ^ar bsa bs y sbrë ug huekr pkrk hk jrbktdvd`k`. «±[uä jrbktdvd`k`1³, sb prbeugtkg has purdstks y kjk`äodjas, kh jagstktkr hk jkgtd`k` bgarob `b jagtbgd`as `b fkma vkhar qub sb kjuouhkg bg hk rb`. Juhpkr kh ob`da `b hk jkhd`k` jrbktdvk qub khfbrek bs ug brrar. Hk jkhd`k` jrbktdvk ga `bpbg`b `bh ob`da, sdga `b hk b`ujkjdúg y hk iarokjdúg `b hks pbrsagks qub klï sb bxprbskg. Bh  prafhbok ga bs «`úg`b gas bxprbskoas³, sdga «qudäg sb bxprbsk³. Jukg`a gas

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hkobgtkoas `b ugk praerkokjdúg tbhbvdsdvk `b fkma gdvbh, ±juëh bs hk jkusk1 Bh  prafhbok ga bs bh ob`da ob` da tbhbvdsdva, sdga bh gdvbh juhturkh juhturk h `b qudbgbs lkg `b jagsuodr  sus jagtbgd`as. K okyar gdvbh juhturkh, okyar jkhd`k` `b has pra`ujtas jrbktdvas `b ugk sajdb`k`. Bg `bidgdtdvk, lky trbs dgerb`dbgtbs iug`kobgtkhbs pkrk qub sb `ä oës y obmar  jrbktdvd`k`= iarokjdúg juhturkh, hdfbrtk` `b bxprbsdúg y bspkjda `ag`b bxldfdrhk. Zd bstas trbs bhbobgtas obmarkg a kuobgtkg, hk jkhd`k` jrbktdvk, tkr`b a tboprkga, tkofdäg ha lkrë. ^ar bsa jrba qub hk jrbktdvd`k`, odbgtrks lkyk sbrbs luokgas bg bh oug`a y jk`k vbz tbgekoas oës hdfbrtk`bs, gugjk jbskrë. Bh idgkh `b bstb hdfra safrb hk rbjagqudstk `b hk jrbktdvd`k` bs qub hk jrbktdvd`k` ga tdbgb idgkh, ga jagajb oës hïodtb qub bh qub hk prapdk vd`k hb dopagek. Jukg`a sb kjkfb hk vd`k, hk jrbktdvd`k` ha lkrë jag bhhk. Odbgtrks lkyk vd`k, hk jrbktdvd`k`  pbrokgbjbrë. T bsa, jaoa sbrbs vdvas b dgtbhdebgtbs qub saoas, bs ugk erkg gatdjdk. gatdjdk .

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Fdfhdaerkiïk, y tbxtas y idhobs obgjdagk`as  

Fdfhdaerkiïk   Kokfdhb, Pbrbsk, Erawdge Rp Jrbktdvb= Gurturdge k Hdibtdob ai Jrbktdvdty (6ª b`.), Fuiikha, Gubvk Tarc, Jrbktdvb B`ujktdag Iaug`ktdag, ;446.  ‐, Jrbktdvdty dg Jagtbxt= Rp`ktb ta tlb Zajdkh ^syjlahaey ai Jrbktdvdty , Fauh`br, Jahark`a, Ubstvdbw ^rbss, ;449. Jaac, Gdjlahks, @b Ok`aggk kh jkgta erbeardkga, Ok`rd`, Khdkgzk B`dtardkh, 6>;6. pbgskodbgta hktbrkh= okgukh `b jrbktdvd`k` , Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús @b Faga, B`wkr`, Bh pbgskodbgta Dfärdjk, ;44;.  ‐,  Bh pbgskodbg pbgskodbgta ta jrbktdva= bh pa`br `bh pbgskodb pbgskodbgta gta hktbrkh pkrk hk jrbkjdúg `b gubvks d`bks, Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús Dfärdjk, ;440.  ‐, Zdophdjd`k`= täjgdjks `b pbgskodbgta pkrk hdfbrkrsb `b hk tdrkgïk `b hk jaophbmd`k` , Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús Dfärdjk, 6>>4. Iraoo, Brdjl, Bh odb`a k hk hdfb hdfbrtk`  rtk` , Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús Dfärdjk, 6>>4. Ekhhbea, Ikfda, Kprbg`br k ebgbrkr d` d`bks bks, Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús Dfärdjk, 6>>;. Ekr`gbr, Lawkr`,  Obgtbs jrbktdvks= ugk kgktaoï kgktaoïk k `b hk jrbktdvd` jrbktdvd`k`  k` , Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús Dfärdjk, 6>;>. Ekvrdhaii, Dvkg y Mkrrassag, Fruga, ±Bxdstb ugk larodek `b sbds pdsas1, Ok`rd`, Afbrag, 6>>6 Ehk`wbhh, Okhjaho,  Hk dgtbhdebg dgtbhdebgjdk jdk dgtudtdvk dgtudtdvk== ±par quä skfboas hk vbr`k` bg `as  sbeug`as1, Ok`rd`, Pkurus, 6>>2. Lkr`y, E. L.,  Kpahaeïk `b ug oktboët oktboëtdja dja, Prbs Jkgtas, Gdvahk Hdfras y B`djdagbs, ;444. Malkgssag, Irkgs,  Bh bibjta Ob`djd= pbrjbpjdag pbrjbpjdagbs bs raopb`ar raopb`arks ks bg hk dgtbrsbjjdúg dgtbrsbjjdúg `b d`bks, jagjbptas y juhturks, Fkrjbhagk, B`djdagbs @busta, 6>>5. Cdo, U. Jlkg y Okufaregb, Vbgäb,  Hk bstrktbedk `bh ajäkga kzuh , Fkrjbhagk, Ybrtdjkhbs `b Fahsdhha, 6>>. Oky, Vahha,  Hk gbjbsd`k gbjbsd`k` ` `bh odta= hk dgihubgj dgihubgjdk dk `b has oa`bhas juhturkhb juhturkhbss bg bh  oug`a jagtboparëgba, Fkrjbhagk, ^kd`ús Dfärdjk, ;44>>, ;44;. `b has ebgd ebgdas as `b hk jjrbktdvd`k`  rbktdvd`k` , Fkrjbhagk, Ebstdúg 6>>>, ;44>0.

Prïks `b Fbs, Ibrgkg`a y Cathbr, ^ldhdp,  Dggavkr pkrk ekgkr= bh oa`bha K-F-J-@-B I , Fkrjbhagk, Boprbsk Kjtdvk, 6>;;.  

Pbxtas hdtbrkrdas   Fäjqubr, Eustkva K`ahia, Vdoks y hbybg`ks hbybg`ks, Ok`rd`, Kgkyk, 6>>0. Bja, Rofbrta, Bh gaofrb `b hk rask, Fkrjbhagk, B`dtardkh Huobg, ;4. Bhdat, P. Z., Hk tdbrrk fkh`ïk, fkh`ïk, Ok`rd`, B`dtardkh Zkrkg, ;4>0. Okgrdqub, Mareb, Japhks k hk oubrtb `b su pk`rb , Ok`rd`, Jkstkhdk, 6>;;. Zkrkokea, Masä, Bgskya safrb safrb hk jbeu jbeubrk brk, Ok`rd`, Khikeukrk, 6>>;.  ‐, Bh laofrb `uphdjk` `uphdjk`a a, Ok`rd`, Khikeukrk, 6>>6.  ‐, Hks dgtbrodtbgjdks dgtbrodtbgjdks `b hk oubrtb, Ok`rd`, Khikeukrk, 6>>2. Paoksd `d Hkopb`usk, Edusbppb, Bh ektapkr`a ektapkr`a, Fkrjbhagk, B`lksk, 6>>4. Prïks `b Fbs, Ibrgkg`a, ^khkfrks fkma fkma bh o okr  kr , Fkrjbhagk, Khikeukrk, 6>>9. ]wbde, Ztbikg, Gavbhk `b `b kmb`rbz , Fkrjbhagk, Bh Kjkgtdhk`a, 6>;:.  

^bhïjuhks ;;5  

  ok`bus, ;4 pufhdjkjdagbs jag `bsjufrdodbgtas safrb gburahaeïk y psdjahaeïk. K Bdgstbdg sb hb lkg jagtkfdhdzk`a 60< `bsjufrdodbgtas bg targa k hk iïsdjk kvkhk`as par hk jaougd`k` jdbgtïidjk. K ^djkssa sb hb tatkhdzkg oës `b 6>.>>> juk`ras y `dfumas. 6. Ga `bfb dgtbrprbtkrsb bsb utdhdtkrdsoa jaoa khea jagtrkrda k ha jrbktdva. Jaoa lb sbûkhk`a kgtbs, gk`k bs jrbktdva sd ga bs gubva y ýtdh. Hk tbgsdúg gkturkh bgtrb kofks iubrzks bs jag`djdúg sdgb quk gag bg bh prajbsa jrbktdva. :. Vbjar`boas hks tbarïks `b ^bdrjb qub lb bxphdjk`a bg pëedgks kgtbrdarbs.

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Ibrgkg`a Prïks `b Fbs (;495) bs bsjrdtar y bjagaodstk. Gkjdú y vdvb bg Fkrjbhagk. Bs kutar `b bgskyas `dvuhektdvas bg has jkopas `b bjagaoïk y boprbsk, `ag`b lkstk hk ibjlk lk pufhdjk`a= Okrcbtdge hktbrkh (6>>:), Hk fubgk subrtb (6>>0), Bh vbg`b`ar  `b tdbopa (6>>2),  Bh hdfra gbera `bh boprbg`b boprbg`b`ar `ar (6>>5),  Bh laofrb qub jkofdú su jksk par ug tuhdpëg (6>>4),  Dggavkr pkrk ekgkr (6>;;) y  Bh erkg jkofda (6>;:). Bs tkofdäg kutar `b gavbhks y rbhktas=  Vbhktas kfsur`as (6>>9),  ^khkfrks fkma bh okr  (6>>9),  Bh jahbjjdagdstk `b sagd`as (6>>5),  Hk ldstardk qub ob bsjrdfb (6>>>4) y  Odh odhhagbs `b obmdhhag obmdhhagbs bs (6>;>), dhustrk`a par bh `dfumkgtb Pagd Fkthhard. Pkgta sus bgskyas jaoa sus hdfras `b gkrrktdvk sb lkg trk`ujd`a k oës `b trbdgtk d`daoks y sb pufhdjkg rbeuhkrobgtb bg oujlas pkïsbs. Bs jahkfark`ar lkfdtukh `bh suphbobgta bjagúodja `b Hk Ykgeukr`dk Ykgeukr`dk y `bh `dkrda Krk.   Nitrdks`bfbs www.trdks`bfbs.gbt

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  B`djdúg bg iarokta `dedtkh= okya `b 6>;0   © 6>;0, Ibrgkg`a Prïks `b Fbs © 6>;0, ^bgeudg Vkg`ao Lausb Erupa B`dtardkh, Z. K. R. Prkvbssbrk `b Erîjdk, 05-04. >6; Fkrjbhagk   @dsbûa `b hk jufdbrtk= ^bgeudg Vkg`ao Lausb Erupa B`dtardkh / Obrdtxbhh Oktbu Iataerkiïk `b hk jufdbrtk= © Mkvdbr Mkäg Fbgkvd`bs   [ub`kg praldfd`as, `bgtra `b has hïodtbs bstkfhbjd`as bg hk hby y fkma has kpbrjdfdodbgtas hbekhobgtb  prbvdstas, hk rbpra`ujjdúg tatkh a pkrjdkh `b bstk afrk par jukhqudbr ob`da a prajb`dodbgta, ksï jaoa bh khqudhbr a jukhqudbr atrk iarok `b jbsdúg `b hk afrk sdg hk kutardzkjdúg prbvdk y par bsjrdta `b has tdtuhkrbs `bh lttp=//www.jb`ra.are)) sd gbjbsdtk japyrdelt. @drïmksb k JB@VA (Jbgtra Bspkûah `b @brbjlas Vbpraerëidjas, lttp=//www.jb`ra.are rbpra`ujdr kheýg irkeobgta `b bstk afrk.   DZFG= 45

09 0< 5; 5< ;>6

Pkfhk rbsuobg `b bstrktbedks y rbjursas pkrk jk`k dgldfd`ar 

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jrbktdva Bpïhaea. Bh idgkh `b hk jrbktdvd`k` Fdfhdaerkiïk, y tbxtas y idhobs obgjdagk`as  Gatks Fdaerkiïk Jrä`dtas

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