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FCM SAMPLEX Module 2-C-2: Social Determinants of Health Reference: https://drive.google.com/open?id=124pFPGVfvG1VyF0vcTkYCKMVHSfQVdPr Natural History of Disease 1. True about Natural History of Disease: a. It comprises the body of both quantitative and qualitative knowledge of agent, host and environmental factors. b. Its development from the first forces which initiate the process in the environment through the resulting changes which take place in man and continuing until equilibrium is reached or a defect, disability or death ensues. c. It does not comprise the body of both quantitative and qualitative knowledge of agent, host and environmental factors. d. a & b only

2. The Natural History of Disease involves the following except: a. Pre-pathogenesis b. Pathogenesis c. Post-pathogenesis d. none of the above 3. Phase before man is involved; preliminary interaction of potential agent , host and environmental factors in disease production a. Genesis b. Pre-pathogenesis c. Pathogenesis d. Post-pathogenesis 4. Course of disorder in man from the first interaction with disease – provoking stimuli to the changes in form and function until equilibrium is reached or results in recovery, defect, disability or death a. Genesis b. Pre-pathogenesis c. Pathogenesis d. Post-pathogenesis

5. Stage when diagnosis can be made. a. Clinical Horizon b. Incubation Period c. Spectrum of Disease d. Gradient of Infection

6. Time required for the agent to establish itself, to multiply and produce toxins, usually spans from exposure. a. Clinical Horizon b. Incubation Period c. Spectrum of Disease d. Gradient of Infection 7. True about incubation period: a. It depends upon virulence, dose and portal of entry b. It depends on Previous experience of the host and the state of natural resistance c. It is dependent on the Inherent character of the organism d. All of the above

8. Sequence of events that occurs in the human organism from the time of exposure to the etiologic agent to clinical illness a. Clinical Horizon b. Incubation Period c. Spectrum of Disease d. Gradient of Infection

9. Sequence of manifestations of illness in the host reflecting his response to the infectious agent which extends from death at one extreme to inapparent infection at the other a. Clinical Horizon b. Incubation Period c. Spectrum of Disease d. Gradient of Infection For the succeeding numbers refer to the cases below: The Rivera family transferred to their new home last May 2, 2006. All the children were excited to move in because of the spacious area where they could play. Maella, 5 years old and the youngest would be seen playing outside everyday near the pond which had a minimal amount of rainwater. Last June 3, she was noted to have cough and colds. She was brought to the doctor and she was given medications for an upper respiratory tract infection. Three days after, she had high grade fever with nose bleeding. She was brought to the ER and was subsequently admitted with a diagnosis of Dengue fever. On the third hospital day, Maella was very sick and started having severe abdominal pain associated with black stools. On the 4th hospital day, her condition deteriorated. 10. Incubation Period is approximately: a. 6 hours b. 12 hours

c. 1 week d. 4 weeks 11. Pre-pathogenesis Phase. a. May 2, 2006 - June 6, 2006 b. May 2, 2006 - June 3, 2006 c. May 4, 2006 - June 3, 2006 d. May 6 2006 - June 6, 2006 12. Pathogenesis Phase. a. June 3 - 10, 2006 b. June 4 - 11, 2006 c. Before June 3, 2006 d. Before June 1, 2006 13. Gradient of Infection. a. June 3 - 10, 2006 b. June 4 - 11, 2006 c. June 6- 10, 2006 d. Before June 1, 2006 14. Spectrum of disease. a. May 2, 2006 - June 6, 2006 b. May 2, 2006 - June 10, 2006 c. May 4, 2006 - June 3, 2006 a. d. May 6 2006 - June 6, 2006

15. T/F: Disease is not a result of a harmful interaction between the host, the pathogenic agent and the environment.

16. T/F: Community reactions to disease/Classifications of Disease include the following Sporadic, Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic. 17. Intermittent presence of the disease; the occurrence of a few scattered cases often without relationship to each other a. Sporadic b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Pandemic 18. There were 8 cases of reported Food Poisoning for the month of October in Brgy. Areola, City of Nipples. This is an example of:

a. Sporadic b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Pandemic

19. There were 12 cases of Malaria reported in the province of Palawan from August to December of 2017. This is an example of: a. Sporadic b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Pandemic 20. The following is/are true of endemic diseases: a. Constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographical area b. disease occurs at expected frequency c. disease present in population or region at all times d. level of disease usually low and predictable e. all of the above 21. Disease occurrence in a community or region of cases clearly in excess of normal expectancy and derived from a common or propagated source a. Sporadic b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Pandemic 22. There were 35 cases of Dengue reported in the province of Abra in November. This is an example of: a. Sporadic b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Pandemic 23. An outbreak of an exceptional proportion spreading quickly from one area to another; continental or worldwide proportion a. Sporadic b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Pandemic

24. In 2009, an outbreak of AH1N1 was reported in several Asian Countries this is an example of: a. Sporadic b. Endemic

c. Epidemic d. Pandemic

25. True about Temporal Patterns of Disease: a. Temporal patterns of onset can provide insight into nature of epidemic b. Can be classified as either point source or propagated c. Both A & B d. None of the above 26. T/F: In point source epidemics disease arises from a single source of exposure to a causal agent, the epidemic curve shows a steep initial rise in case numbers and then a rapid falling off in the tail Example include: foodborne disease outbreaks 27. T/F: Propagated epidemics occur when the agent is transmitted through the population from host to host (typically infectious conditions), nature of epidemic depends on characteristics of agent (virulence) and host (susceptibility), contact rate, population density ex: influenza in humans; SARS 28._________ aims to inhibit the development of diseases and includes interrupting the progression of diseases and disorders. a. Prevention b. Promotion c. Rehabilitation d. Palliative Care 29. The goals of prevention are: a. promote, preserve health b. restoration of health when it is impaired c. to minimize suffering and distress d. all of the above 30. Principles of Prevention include the following except: a. Understand the NATURAL HISTORY of the disease b. Determine the weakest link in the causation of the disease c. Recognize or know the different foci of infection and/or sources of infection d. Determine the strongest link in the causation of the disease

Preventive and Control measures are directed towards/against the: 1.

agent

2.

host - man

3. environment For next items refer to the choices below:

Measures Directed Toward/Against a. Agent-Host b. Host-Environment c. Environment-agent

Mode of Prevention d. Health promotion e. Specific Protection f. Prompt Diagnosis of Illness g. Limitation of Disability h. Rehabilitation

31. A, 32. F. Sheena, a resident works at the Tropical Disease Department of a known hospital in Metro Manila. She provided care to a 27 year old male celebrity from March 29-April 4, 2022. The celebrity was diagnosed to have SARS, secondary to corona virus. Sheena became ill on the 5th of April & was admitted to the ICU. Few days later the illness was identified as possible SARS, on the basis of positive test results. Identified contacts who have developed fever have been hospitalized & isolated. 33. B, 34. G. Ian works as an online medical consultant in a tertiary hospital for about a year now, he works 4-8 hours per day and spends most of his time on the computer to answer queries of patients from all over the world. Recently, he has been experiencing frequent headache & blurring of vision. He consulted with an ophthalmologist and was diagnosed to have error of refraction, he was then advised to wear prescription eyeglasses. Ian suggested few improvements on the hospital, like improved lighting in offices.