FCE Writing

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH 

FIRST CERTIFICATE IN ENGLISH PREPARATION

WRITING HANDOUTS

1

Contents B2 WRITING EXAMINATION DESCRIPTION ............................................................. 4 WRITING TASKS....................................................................................................... 10 Exercise 1 .............................................................................................................. 10 Exercise 2 .............................................................................................................. 11 Exercise 3 .............................................................................................................. 11 Exercise 4 .............................................................................................................. 11 Exercise 5 .............................................................................................................. 11 Exercise 6 .............................................................................................................. 12 Exercise 7 .............................................................................................................. 12 Exercise 8 .............................................................................................................. 13 Exercise 9 .............................................................................................................. 13 Exercise 10 ............................................................................................................ 14 Exercise 11 ............................................................................................................ 14 Exercise 12 ............................................................................................................ 14 Exercise 13 ............................................................................................................ 15 Exercise 14 ............................................................................................................ 15 Exercise 15 ............................................................................................................ 16 Exercise 16 ............................................................................................................ 16 Exercise 17 ............................................................................................................ 16 Exercise 18 ............................................................................................................ 17 Exercise 19 ............................................................................................................ 17 Exercise 20 ............................................................................................................ 17 SAMPLE ANSWER FOR WRITING TASKS .............................................................. 19 Exercise 1 .............................................................................................................. 19 Exercise 2 .............................................................................................................. 19 Exercise 3 .............................................................................................................. 20 Exercise 4 .............................................................................................................. 21 Exercise 5 .............................................................................................................. 21 Exercise 6 .............................................................................................................. 22 Exercise 7 .............................................................................................................. 22 Exercise 8 .............................................................................................................. 23 Exercise 9 .............................................................................................................. 24 Exercise 10 ............................................................................................................ 24 Exercise 11 ............................................................................................................ 25 Exercise 12 ............................................................................................................ 26 2

Exercise 13 ............................................................................................................ 26 Exercise 14 ............................................................................................................ 27 Exercise 15 ............................................................................................................ 28 Exercise 16 ............................................................................................................ 29 Exercise 17 ............................................................................................................ 30 Exercise 18 ............................................................................................................ 30 Exercise 19 ............................................................................................................ 32 Exercise 20 ............................................................................................................ 33 USE OF ENGLISH ..................................................................................................... 34 Exercise 1 .............................................................................................................. 34 Part A.................................................................................................................. 34 Part B.................................................................................................................. 35 Part C ................................................................................................................. 36 Part D ................................................................................................................. 37 Exercise 2 .............................................................................................................. 38 Part A.................................................................................................................. 38 Part B.................................................................................................................. 39 Part C ................................................................................................................. 40 Part D ................................................................................................................. 41 Exercise 3 .............................................................................................................. 42 Part A.................................................................................................................. 42 Part 2 .................................................................................................................. 43 Part 3 .................................................................................................................. 44 Part 4 .................................................................................................................. 45 References ................................................................................................................ 46

3

B2 WRITING EXAMINATION DESCRIPTION Common European Framework

Which communication themes are the test takers expected to be able to handle?

personal identification; personal qualities; house and home; daily life; free time, entertainment; intellectual and artistic pursuits; arts and crafts; sports; travel; tourism; relations with other people; health and body care; education; work and careers; job interviews and meetings; money and shopping; food and drink; services; banking; places; language; weather; current events; environment and pollution; climate; crime and punishment; technology and tools; Internet-related language; politics; marketing

Which communicative tasks are the test takers expected to be able to handle?

inquire about the nature, availability and conditions of employment, etc.; write letters of application; CV; write reports; write both formal and informal letters; communicate with superiors, colleagues and subordinates; write argumentative, descriptive, informative and narrative compositions; write summaries

What kind of communicative activities and strategies are the test takers expected to be able to handle?

N.B. Test takers’ written production is also indirectly tested in the Use of English section through a number of tasks at word, sentence and text level. Test-takers at this level are expected to be able to identify and select appropriate formats and produce clearly intelligible continuous writing which follows standard layout and paragraphing conventions. Spelling and punctuation, though reasonably accurate, may occasionally show signs of mother tongue influence.

What text-types and what length of text are the test takers expected to be able to handle?

newspaper articles; personal letters; businessrelated emails, faxes and reports; notes and messages; argumentative, descriptive and narrative compositions; summaries

What kind of tasks are the test takers expected to be able to handle?

modified ‘pedagogic’ tasks reflecting real-life needs outside the classroom, in the personal and public domains.

CEF scale for Overall Written Production: Can write clear, detailed texts 4

on a variety of subjects related to his/her field of interest, synthesising and evaluating information and arguments from a number of sources.

The learner’s written production is consistent with CEF Overall Written Production parameters.

(Adapted from British Institutes. (2006). General Exam Description. B2 Level. Common European Framework. http://www.britishinstitutes.co.uk/userfiles/File/B2%20Exam%20presentation.pdf)

5

WRITTEN ASSESSMENT CRITERIA Overall

Range

Coherence

Accuracy

Description

Argument

C2

Can write clear, highly accurate and smoothly flowing complex texts in an appropriate and effective personal style conveying finer shades of meaning. Can use a logical structure which helps the reader to find significant points.

Shows great flexibility in formulating ideas in differing linguistic forms to convey finer shades of meaning precisely, to give emphasis and to eliminate ambiguity. Also has a good command of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms.

Can create coherent and cohesive texts making full and appropriate use of a variety of organisational patterns and a wide range of connectors and other cohesive devices.

Maintains consistent and highly accurate grammatical control of even the most complex language forms. Errors are rare and concern rarely used forms.

Can write clear, smoothly flowing and fully engrossing stories and descriptions of experience in a style appropriate to the genre adopted.

Can produce clear, smoothly flowing, complex reports, articles and essays which present a case or give critical appreciation of proposals or literary works. Can provide an appropriate and effective logical structure which helps the reader to find significant points.

C1

Can write clear, wellstructured and mostly accurate texts of complex subjects. Can underline the relevant salient issues, expand and support points of view at some length with subsidiary points, reasons and relevant examples, and round off with an appropriate

Has a good command of a broad range of language allowing him/her to select a formulation to express him/herself clearly in an appropriate style on a wide range of general, academic, professional or leisure topics without having to restrict what he/she wants to say.

Can produce clear, smoothly flowing, wellstructured text, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.

Consistently maintains a high degree of grammatical accuracy; occasional errors in grammar, collocations and idioms.

Can write clear, detailed, well-structured and developed descriptions and imaginative texts in a mostly assured, personal, natural style appropriate to the reader in mind.

Can write clear, wellstructured expositions of complex subjects, underlining the relevant salient issues. Can expand and support point of view with some subsidiary points, reasons and examples.

6

B2

conclusion.

The flexibility in style and tone is somewhat limited.

Can write clear, detailed official and semi-official texts on a variety of subjects related to his field of interest, synthesising and evaluating information and arguments from a number of sources. Can make a distinction between formal and informal language with occasional less appropriate expressions.

Has a sufficient range of language to be able to give clear descriptions, express viewpoints on most general topics, using some complex sentence forms to do so. Language lacks, however, expressiveness and idiomaticity and use of more complex forms is still stereotypic.

Can use a number of cohesive devices to link his/her sentences into clear, coherent text, though there may be some “jumpiness” in a longer text.

Shows a relatively high degree of grammatical control. Does not make errors which cause misunderstandings.

Can write clear, detailed descriptions of real or imaginary events and experiences marking the relationship between ideas in clear connected text, and following established conventions of the genre concerned.

Can write an essay or report that develops an argument systematically with appropriate highlighting of some significant points and relevant supporting detail. Can evaluate different ideas or solutions to a problem.

Can write an essay or report which develops an Can write clear, detailed argument, giving some descriptions on a variety reasons in support of or of subjects related to against a particular point of his/her field of interest. view and explaining the advantages and Can write a review of a disadvantages of various film, book or play. options. Can synthesise information and arguments from a number of sources.

B1

Can write straightforward connected texts on a

Has enough language to get by, with sufficient vocabulary to express

Can link a series of shorter discrete

7

Uses reasonably accurately a repertoire of

Can write accounts of Can write short, simple experiences, describing essays on topics of interest. feelings and reactions in

A2

range of familiar subjects within his field of interest, by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence. The texts are understandable but occasional unclear expressions and/or inconsistencies may cause a break-up in reading.

him/herself with some elements into a circumlocutions on connected, linear topics such as family, text. hobbies and interests, work, travel, and current events.

frequently used “routines” and patterns associated with more common situations. Occasionally makes errors that the reader usually can interpret correctly on the basis of the context.

simple connected text.

Can write a series of simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but” and “because”. Longer texts may contain expressions and show coherence problems which makes the text hard to understand.

Uses basic sentence patterns with memorized phrases, groups of a few words and formulae in order to communicate limited information mainly in everyday situations.

Uses simple structures correctly, but still systematically makes basic mistakes. Errors may sometimes cause misunderstandings.

Can write very short, basic descriptions of events, past activities and personal experiences

Can link groups of words with simple connectors like “and”, “but” and “because”.

8

Can summarise, report and give his/her opinion about Can write a description accumulated factual of an event, a recent trip information on a familiar – real or imagined. routine and non-routine matters, within his field with Can narrate a story. some confidence. Can write straightforward, detailed Can write very brief reports descriptions on a range to a standard conventionalised format, of familiar subjects which pass on routine within his field of factual information and state interest. reasons for actions.

Can write short simple imaginary biographies and simple poems about people.

A1

Can write simple isolated phrases and sentences. Longer texts contain expressions and show coherence problems which make the text very hard or impossible to understand.

Has a very basic repertoire of words and simple phrases related to personal details and particular concrete situations.

Can link words or groups of words with very basic linear connectors like “and” and “then”.

Shows only limited control of a few simple grammatical structures and sentence patterns in a memorized repertoire. Errors may cause misunderstandings.

Can write simple phrases and sentences about themselves and imaginary people, where they live and what they do, etc.

(Adapted from Relating Language Examinations to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR). URL: www.coe.int/lang)

9

WRITING TASKS Exercise 1

You are going to visit Britain for three weeks in the near future. You have received an email from a British friend, Olivia, about some relatives of hers who you can visit during your stay. Read Olivia's email. Then write a letter (120-150 words) to Olivia's relatives. From: Olivia Wood Sent: 21 st June Subject: Your visit I've just had an idea about your trip here next month. while you're here, you could Midlands. I've spoken to them and they'd be pleased to put you up for a few days. I think you should write to them (name and address below), tell them a little bit about yourself and what you're doing and fix up the details of your stay with them. There are plenty of interest things to see and do in the area where they live. I'm sure they'll be able to give you some suggestions. Their detail:

Mr and Mrs Hampson 15, Arnold Avenue Warwick WK9 6RT

Let me know what happens, Olivia

10

Exercise 2 Write an essay (120-180 words) to give your opinion on the following statement. Computer games are very bad for people and they cause a lot of problems.

Exercise 3 Write a story (120-180 words) for an international magazine and it must end with the following words: "After that, Tom promised himself that he would never make the same mistake again."

Exercise 4 Write a story (120-180 words) for an international magazine and it must begin with the following words: "When I started on the journey, I had no idea what was going to happen ."

Exercise 5 You have received an e-mail from you English-speaking friend, George. Read George's email and write an email (120-150 words) to him.

11

From: George Cooper Sent: 10th November Subject: Problems I'm not having the best of times at the moment. This seems to be one of those periods when things are going wrong. First of all, I've got so much to do at work that I don't know how I'm going to get it all done. I used to enjoyed the job, but now I'm under terrible pressure and it's really getting me down. On top of that, I've had a big argument with Helen and she says she doesn't want to see me anymore. It was a stupid argument, and I said things I didn't mean. We've being going out together for nearly a year, and I don't want to split up with her. Sorry to be so miserable. Write to me soon. George

Exercise 6 You have seen this announcement in an international magazine.

ARE YOU A WINNER? Have you ever entered a competition or a sports tournament? Write and tell us about your experiences. Tell us about the competition or tournament. Did you enjoy it? Did you expect to win? Did you win? If so, what was the prize? If not, how did you feel? We'll publish the best letters in a special Letters Page.

Write your letter in 120-180 words.

Exercise 7 You recently saw this notice in an English-language magazine

12

THE GAMES PEOPLE PLAY Write a review of a game that you played recently It doesn't have to be a new game. You could review a computer game, or any other indoor game such as a board game. Describe the game and give us your opinions on it. Is it exciting? Is it hard to be good at it? If it's a popular game, why is it popular, in your opinion? We'll publish some of the reviews in a special section about games around the world.

Write your review in 120-180 words.

Exercise 8 You have seen this announcement in an English-language magazine.

FANCY YOURSELF AS AN INTERVIEWER? Is there someone that you'd like to interview? It doesn't have to be a living person. Write and tell us who you'd like to interview if you had the chance. Why would you like to interview that person? What would you ask? We'll publish the best letters in the next issue.

Write your letter in 120-180 words

Exercise 9 You have seen this announcement in an international magazine.

13

WHAT ARE THE LATEST FASHIONS WHERE YOU ARE?

We're looking for people to send us reports on the latest fashions among young people in the places where they live. You can tell us about fashions in music, in clothes, in what people buy, in behaviour or anything else you want to describe. And give your opinions on these fashions too. We'll publish some of the reports so that our readers can compare fashions in different places.

Write your report in 120-180 words

Exercise 10 Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following topic: It is important that people choose a career when they are still quite young. Write your essay in 120-180 words.

Exercise 11 You have seen this notice on your school noticeboard. What is your favorite hobby? Why is it important to you?

Write an article in 120-180 words answering these questions

Exercise 12 You have received an email from a friend from an English-speaking country, Max, who recently stayed with you. During his visit, he met your friends. Read Max's email and write an him a reply in 120-150 words.

14

From: Max Opicer Sent: 2nd March Subject: How is everyone? I really enjoyed my time with you and it was great meeting all your friends. I'd love to hear some news about them. How are Tim and Eddie? Have they still got their band? I thought they were really good. Have they played anywhere since I was there? And what about Ruth? Did she get that job in the museum? I know she really wanted it. What are Richard and Anna doing? Have they gone travelling? I think they said they were planning to do that. I often think about you and what a great time I had. Please keep me up to date on everyone. Max

Exercise 13 You have seen this announcement in an international magazine. PERFORMING IN PUBLIC Tell us about your experience of performing or speaking in public. What did you do and where? How did it go? Was it a success or a disaster? And how did you feel? We'll publish the best articles in a special section next month. Write your article in 120-180 words.

Exercise 14 An English language magazine is holding a short story competition, and you have decided to enter. The competition rules say that the story must begin with the following words:

"There was no moon that night, and the storm had not been forecast."

Write your story in 120-180 words 15

Exercise 15 Your teacher has asked you to write an essay, giving your opinions on the following statement:

People should be encouraged to use credit cards instead cash.

Write your essay in 120-180 words.

Exercise 16 You are looking for a part-time summer job. Read the advertisement for the job. Then write a letter of application to Mr Sadler. SUMMER JOB Could you be a GUIDE for visitors to your region? Excellent pay for part-time job guiding English-speaking visitors You must be able to work evenings and weekends For more information contact Mr Sadler, Visitor Unlimited

Write your letter of application in 120-180 words

Exercise 17 You have seen this announcement in a magazine called Film and Screen 16

Everyone has a favourite film. What makes a certain film mean so much to us? Write an article about your favourite film, and why you like it so much. If we publish your article, you will win a weekend away for two.

Write your article in 120-180 words

Exercise 18 A penpal of yours has been given the chance to come to your town or city on an exchange student programme. Your penpal would like to know more about life in your area: accommodation, means of transport, etc. Write an email to your penpal giving him or her some information and offering advice about the exchange programme idea .

Exercise 19 Your local tourist office is preparing a brochure for tourists. Write a report suggesting which local traditions should be described in the brochure. Write your report in 120-180 words .

Exercise 20 You have been asked to organize accommodation for a group of students who will be staying in London for three weeks in June. Read the

17

advertisement below. Then write a letter to Mr Williams asking for further information and giving any relevant detail of the student's needs.

London Tourist Flats Wimbledon Beautiful new flats close to the heart of the city. 5 mins from station, self-contained and furnished 1, 2 and 3-bedroom flats available. £200 - £400 / week, depending on season. Excellent facilities nearby Very good value for money. For further information contact: Mr B. William 17, St. Mary's Road, London SW19 7BZ Tel: (020) 8650192

18

SAMPLE ANSWER FOR WRITING TASKS Exercise 1 Dear Mr and Mrs Hampson, Thank you for telling Olivia that I can visit you while I'm in Britain. It's very kind of you to offer and I would like to come and see you. I'm 21 years old and I'm currently studying at university in my home town. I'm coming to Britain next month during my holiday from university. I'm going to stay with Olivia for some of the time and I'm also planning to go to other parts of Britain. It would be very nice to come to your part of Britain. Would it be convenient for me to come for a weekend at the end of August? Please write back to me and tell me if my suggestion for when to visit you is fine with you. And I'd be grateful if you could also recommend some places for me to visit and interesting things that I can do while I'm in the Midlands. Best wishes,

Exercise 2 It is true that computer games can be bad for some people. Many of the games are very violent and some people may be influenced by this and then do violent things themselves. I also believe that computer games can be addictive and this can be bad for people. Some young people, for example, spend far too much time playing these games instead of activities that are much healthier for them, such as playing sports. This means that they can become unfit and also

19

that they spend less time talking to their friends and having good relationships with other people. Flaying computer games for long periods of time can also have a bad effect on people psychologically. They can put people into a bad mood and affect their relationships with their friends and family. On the other hand, computer games are not all bad. People can learn skills from playing them and of course they can be great fun. They provide a very good source of entertainment. There is nothing wrong with them as long as people don't spend too much time playing them.

Exercise 3 Tom got into his car and drove away. It was an old car and Tom had bought it from a college friend. Tom's father had told him that he should have the car checked by a mechanic, but Tom hadn't done that. Tom drove out into the countryside. It was a beautiful summer day, hot and sunny .There were no other cars on the road and Tom was enjoying the drive. The scenery was wonderful and everything was peaceful. Suddenly, the car made a terrible noise and the engine stopped. Tom tried to start the engine again, but nothing happened. Now he was really in trouble. He was a long way from home, in a car that didn't work, and there was nobody around. He tried to phone his father on his mobile phone but it wasn't working either. Tom walked for a very long time until, two hours later, he came to a village. There, he was able to use a phone to call his father, who came to collect him and arranged for the car to be taken away. It wasn't worth repairing it. After that, Tom promised himself that he would never make the same mistake again.

20

Exercise 4 When I started on the journey, I had no idea what was going to happen. I found my seat on the plane, sat down and then the plane took off. A man wearing dark glasses was sitting in the seat next to mine and after a few minutes he began talking to me. He asked me where I was going and why and we had a pleasant chat for a while. He told me that he was going to a special party. I asked him about the party and he said that it was for the opening of his latest film. We talked about the film and he said that he was the star of it. He told me that he was a very famous actor. Unfortunately, I didn't recognize him and I didn't know his name. He thought this was very funny and invited me to the party as his special guest. A few days later, I went to the party and some very famous people who I did recognize were there. It was quite an experience!

Exercise 5 Hi George, I'm sorry to hear that you're having such a bad time at the moment. It seems to me that you need to take some action about your problems at work. I think you should talk to your boss immediately and explain the problem. It doesn't seem fair that you've got so much to do. Why don't you ask your boss to get someone else to help you or to do some of that work? As for the problem with Helen, I'm sure you can sort that out, and that you don't need to split up. Of course, I don't know exactly what you said to her, but why don't you apologize to her? If I were you, I'd do that straight away. It's possible that she'll change her mind if you do that. So, cheer up! I'm sure things will get better. Let me know what happens. 21

Exercise 6 To the Editor, Last year I entered a regional tennis tournament. I was in the under-1 7 age group and the tournament took place at the biggest tennis club in the area. I didn't expect to do very well in the tournament but I decided to enter and see what happened. When I got to the club, I was quite nervous because I had never played at such a big club. When I was getting changed before my first game, all the other players seemed much more confident than me. I won my first game and I was really pleased about that. It made me much more confident and then I won my next game too. Eventually I reached the semi-final, but I lost that game. The other player was much better than me. She won the tournament and people say she's one of the best players in the country in that age group. After the tournament I was very proud of what I had achieved and I realized that I am a good player. I'm planning to enter more tournaments now. Yours sincerely,

Exercise 7 MONOPOLY I recently played a game of Monopoly, which is one of the oldest board games in the world. You can buy different versions of It in different countries. Basically, the game is about buying different properties that are on the board. You throw dice and move around the board and you can choose to 22

buy properties that you land on. If you land on a property that belongs to another player, you have to pay them. Everyone gets a certain amount of money at the start, and if you have no money left, you're out of the game. The game is quite good fun, and to be good at it you have to think about what the best strategy is. You have to think like a business person. I think it's been popular for so long because it's easy to play but also quite interesting because it's not too simple. The only problem with Monopoly is that it can take a very long time to play the game, and so it can become quite boring.

Exercise 8 To the Editor, The person I would really like to interview is the actress Gloria Johnson. I would really like to interview her because I think she is the greatest actress in films today. I have seen all the films that she has starred in and I think that she is better than anyone else. Also, she has played a wide variety of roles in her films, and she has shown that she is a great actress in all of them, You believe that she really is that person in all her films. If I could interview her, I would ask her about how she chooses which films she is going to appear in and how she prepares for each role. I would ask her what her favourite role has been. I would also like to know which actors she has not enjoyed acting with. Finally, I would ask her a few questions about her private life. She never talks about that in the interviews I've read but I hope that she would talk to me about it! Yours sincerely

23

Exercise 9 FASHIONABLE PHRASES The latest fashion among young people in the place where I live is connected with a TV programme that's very popular at the moment. The programme is called 'Bleep' and it's a drama series about the lives of various teenagers. It's supposed to be funny and the characters in it all use certain phrases all the time. People copy the phrases these characters use and they say them all the time. If you don't watch the programme, you don't know what people are talking about now. People whisper these phrases in class and then everyone laughs, or they say them to each other in the street and then they all start laughing. It's like some kind of special language that they all use now. For example, one character in the programme is always saying 'You must be mad'. People say that all the time now, even when it doesn't make sense. Personally, I think this is a pretty silly fashion. I like the programme, but I don't understand why everyone keeps saying these things and then laughing. They must be mad!

Exercise 10 In many countries in modern times it is not necessary to decide what kind of career you are going to have until you are older. These days lots of people change their careers many times through their lives. In the past, most people had to choose a career when they were young and then stay in that career for all of their working lives. Nowadays, it's possible to try different careers before you decide on the one you want to concentrate on. This is a good thing, because it gives people more freedom. They can decide on their career when they are older and have more experience of life. This means that they are more likely to choose a career they enjoy.

24

On the other hand, it is important to decide on some careers when you are still quite young, because it is harder to start those careers when you are older. If you want to be a doctor, or an architect, or have any career that requires many years of training, you need to make your decision when you are still quite young.

Exercise 11 My favourite hobby is collecting the autographs of famous people. I've got over 200 autographs at the moment, and I've collected the signatures of all sorts of famous people - sports people, actors, musicians and TV stars, I go to lots of events that famous people are attending and I wait in the best place, for example the entrance to a building - and I ask the person to sign their name in my book when they are going in or out. I love it because I can speak to famous people and then I can look at my collection and show it to other people.

- I started the hobby when I was walking past a hotel in the city centre one day and a very famous pop star suddenly came out. I asked her for her autograph. She signed her name on a piece of paper and that was my first autograph. After that, I wanted to collect more autographs and it became my main hobby. Now I spend most weekends trying to get more autographs.

25

Exercise 12 Hi Max,

Thanks for the message. It was great having you here too and my friends really enjoyed meeting you and spending time with you. They often ask me about you.

Yes, Tim and Eddie have still got their band, and they're doing well. They're getting quite a lot of bookings to play at various places and in a few weeks they're going to play at a very big concert here.

Ruth did get the job in the museum and she really loves it. She's done so well that she's now in charge of a whole department, so she's very happy about that. Richard and Anna started their travels about two months ago. The last time I got a postcard from them, they were in Africa and they were having a great time. I don't know when they're coming back, Please write back and tell me what your news is.

Exercise 13 MY BAND'S FIRST PERFORMANCE I'm in a rock band with some of my friends and last year we did our first public performance. It was at a local festival. The guitarist's mother was one of the festival's organizers and that's why we had the chance to play there.

26

We were very nervous before we started playing because we had never played in public before. We'd done a lot of practising together and we knew all the songs very well but playing in front of an audience was totally different. We were worried that we might make a lot of mistakes and that people would think we were rubbish.

We played on a big stage and there were hundreds of people in the audience. When we finished the first song, they all clapped and cheered and this made us feel a lot better. I think we played very well and the audience seemed to enjoy our performance a lot. Afterwards, lots of people told us how good we were and that we would be famous one day! We were all extremely pleased and quite proud of ourselves.

Exercise 14 There was no moon that night, and the storm had not been forecast. There were three of us in the boat: my uncle, my aunt and myself. I felt nervous and excited. I had never been sailing before.

When we left the harbour, the wind began to set stronger. The boat was jumping up and down like a dog pulling at a lead. Then the rain stared, and I could hardly see the lights of the houses in the harbour. The boat struggled against the howling wind, and I just stood there petrified.

Suddenly, there was a terrible crash! We had hit some rocks, and for a minute I thought the boat was going to sink. The storm was getting worse and the rain was coming down in torrents. Then I realized that the boat had got stuck between the rocks.

27

Luckily, Uncle John had his mobile phone, and he called for help. But in the end it was two hours before the coastguards could rescue us. I was so glad to be on dry land again.

Exercise 15 The use of credit cards is now widespread. Most people use at least one credit card or buy good on credit.

The first point I would like to make is that credit cards are a convenient, practical tool. There are many obvious advantages in using credit cards instead of carrying cash. You don't have to worry about carrying enough cash when you are out shopping. You can buy things on Internet or book a cinema tickets on the phone. You can even use it to make purchases if you are temporarily out of cash.

On the other hand, people using credit cards can easily lose track of how much they have spent. Moreover, they are tempted to buy more than they can afford and exceed their budget. The problem is that credit cards are often used unwisely.

In conclusion, I think there are more advantages than disadvantages in using credit cards. I don't believe people should be discouraged from using them. People should be made aware of the risks involved in this method of payment.

28

Exercise 16 Dear Mr Sadler, I am writing in connection with the job vacancy you have advertised, for a guide for visitors to this region. I am very interested in this position and I would like to apply to work for your group.

I am 19 years old and have just finished my first year at university, studying Economics. I would be available to work from the beginning of June until the end of August, and I don't have a problem working evenings and weekends. I lived in London for a year when I was younger, and I am fluent in English. I am an outgoing person with a good sense of humour, and I am confident I would get on with visitors to this region.

I have travelled extensively in this part of the country mostly with my parents when I was younger, and I am familiar with a number of places that would be of interest to visitors. For example, the Folk Museum in the center of town has fascinating exhibitions, the cathedral is popular with sightseeing, and the old town has some very interesting souvenir shops and traditional restaurants.

In conclusion, I would welcome the opportunity of meeting you in person to discuss this. I look forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely, Maria Watkins

29

Exercise 17 The love that never died My favourite film is Titanic, a wonderful story with incredible special effects. Titanic is not only a commercial success but also a good film.

In this film, a rich young woman on the luxurious Titanic meets a struggling artist and they fall helplessly in love. When the ship sinks, he saves her life but drowns. The young woman never forgets him or stops loving his memory. The two main characters are fascination and they have a wonderful on-screen chemistry.

The film is very realistic, the screen when the ship is sinking are extremely dramatic. You can feel the panic of the people trying to get away, and this part of the film is particularly gripping! The director focuses on how characters act in the crisis. I like the fact that this film is about character, not about special effects of action sequences.

The sinking of the Titanic may be one of the most important lessons for humanity. The great ship was thought to be unsinkable. People thought they had conquered nature. Its maiden voyage proved how wrong they are.

Exercise 18 Email From: Mike Harris Sent: 15 June Subject: Exchange Programme 30

Dear Bill,

I was really pleased to get your email last week and to hear that you might be coming on an exchange programme. Sorry I haven't written back before now, but I've been busy working on my parents' shop.

In your email you ask me about accommodation. There is a student residence not far from our apartment; I can find out if you could get a room there and how much it will cost.

The bus service is very effective and reliable. The college is within walking distance from the town centre, and it would take you about twenty minutes to walk there.

I think the exchange programme is a wonderful opportunity for you to spend time away from New York. Life here is very relaxing, the pace of life is slow, and the people are friendly. If I were you, I wouldn't think twice!

I'm really looking forward to seeing you here and showing you around my favvourite places. Do write and tell me what you decide.

Look after yourself, Mike.

31

Exercise 19

To: Wetsea Tourist Office From: Simone Smith Date: 27th June Subject: Local tradition

The purpose of this report is to suggest which tradition of the region might be of interest of visitors. The following might be of interest:

Halloween Children dress up like witches, knock on people's doors, call out 'trick or treat' and the person at the door gives them a treat, usually a sweet. Older people have parties where they play games. The most popular game is catching floating apples with their teeth.

Bonfire night People light fireworks and burn stuffed figures of man. Firework displays are organised and there are also small gatherings in people's gardens.

Traditional food Christmas cake is a heavy cake with dried fruit served at Christmas dinner. Meat pie is a baked dish with cooked meat and potato. Cheese pudding is a hot dish with flour, cheese, milk and eggs, which is served at Sunday dinner.

32

In conclusion, I would recommend that the brochure for tourists should also include photographs relating to these features. In my view, the local traditions mentioned in this report would appeal to visitors.

Exercise 20 I am writing to enquire about your advert for tourist flats in Wimbledon. . A group of students will be travelling with me to London this summer and I have a few questions about the flats. Firstly, your advert said that the flats are self-contained and furnished, but does this mean that everything is included? For example, are bed linen and towels provided, or do we need to bring our own? There will be 12 of us travelling to London, so how many flats would we need to rent? I would also like to know if the bedrooms are single or double and how much the total cost would be for the first three weeks Finally, could you tell me what kind of facilities are nearby? Are there any shops, for example, and is there a swimming pool? I look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Karen Kahn

33

USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Part A For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 A threat B risk C danger D warning Answer: C Polar bears Polar bears are in (0) ... of dying out. (1) ..... some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (2) ........ in size by about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (3) ....... and

this

is

(4)

............ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main (5) .. of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (6)................ in the ice. (7) ........ ................................................................... the

bears

are

very

strong

swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (8) ............ do rely on the ice to hunt. Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (9) .............a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (10) .............. to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (11) ........... fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to (12) ................... more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further. 1 A Opposite

B Compared

C Unlike

D Different

2 A cut

B reduced

C shortened

D lost

3 A lifting

B gaining

C advancing

D rising

34

4 A resulting

B turning

C causing

D creating

5 A sources

B means

C origins

D materials

6 A placed

B set

C brought

D made

7 A Even

B Although

C As

D Despite

8 A really

B property

C surely

D fully

9 A pass

B extend

C cover

D spread

10 A learnt

B noticed

C known

D experienced

11A. prove

B happen

C come

D end

12 A achieve

B land

C get

D reach

Part B For questions 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 BEEN Scientists explain excitement of children The reason children become more excited than adults at receiving gifts has (0) ........ ................................................................................................ identified by scientists. They found that the areas of the brain involved in processing rewards were far more active in younger people (13) .......... they received a prize. This explained why children found (14) ........... almost impossible to contain (15) .......... excitement on birthdays. (16) ......... team from the US National Institute of Mental Health used scans to study (17) parts of the brain were stimulated when rewards (18) ....... presented to participants. Younger people showed more activity in key brain areas while they viewed a video game (19) ......... received money. Dopamine, a chemical that carries messages between brain cells, is believed (20) ........... act as a 'currency' in the brain's reward processing areas. However, the brain's dopamine system declines with age. The study suggested that this is (21) 35

......................................................................................................... receiving presents feels less thrilling as people (22).................... older. The scientists say that targeting these dopamine mechanisms may help in the development (23) ......... ways of treating various disorders of the reward system, (24) ........... as pathological gambling and drug addiction.

Part C For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 GLOBAL The ultimate challenge Do you have the mental and physical strength to enter the ultimate (0) ............. race? If so, there is still time to apply for the free-to-

GLOBE

enter Land Rover G4 Challenge - the adventure of a (25) ............

LIFE

that combines off-road driving with kayaking, mountain biking, abseiling, climbing and orienteering across some of the most remote and extreme terrain in the world. The (26) ............ process is currently underway to choose one man

SELECT

and one woman to represent the UK in the competition. The (27) ..

SUCCEED

applicants will form a two-strong British team which will then battle against teams from 17 other countries in this extremely (28) .....

DEMAND

three-week event in one of the most sparsely (29) ................. countries

POPULATION

on the planet - Mongolia. A (30) . ........ of terrains including

VARIOUS

steppes mountains and the extreme climate of one of the world's largest deserts, the Gobi, makes Mongolia the ultimate test. Race organizer John Edwards says: 'Mongolia is a (31) ................

SPECTACLE

country which will enable us to create a truly (32) ................ event.

ORDINARY

We have been working hard to find routes that will push the vehicles and

36

the (33)............ to their limits.'

COMPETE

If you're a very (34)........ person and you think you're tough

ADVENTURE

enough, log on to the website as soon as possible!

Part D For questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 It took me a fairly long time to answer all my emails. QUITE I spent ....................................................all my emails. The gap can be filled with the words 'quite a long time answering', so you write: Example: 0 QUITE A LONG TIME ANSWERING 35 That's the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard! SUCH I've.................................................. ridiculous thing! 36 I didn't think carefully enough about the situation. MORE I should ....................................................... about the situation. 37 Gill hasn't contacted me for weeks. HEARD I last........................................................ weeks ago. 38 He didn't make a mistake when he played the song. WITHOUT He played the song ........................................mistakes at all. 39 It's possible that Jana can take you in her car. ABLE Jana might .................................................... a lift in her car. 40 I asked him to explain his behaviour. EXPLANATION I asked him ................................................ his behaviour. 41 If we don't leave before 8, we won't get there on time. SET We won't get there on time unless ........................... before 8. 42 The assistant said that it was not possible for me to get a refund. GIVEN The assistant said that I couldn't................................... back.

37

Exercise 2 Part A For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 A. ended B. completed C. finished D. left Answer: D Proactive job hunting Once upon a time, people (0)...... school or university, joined a company and stayed with it until they retired. The concept of a job for life is now long (1) ........., and nowadays many employees find it hard to stay loyal to their companies for even a relatively short (2) ........ ............. of time. According to a recent survey, this is particularly (3) ......... in London, where more than half of those asked said that they constantly (4) ............................. .............. one eye on other job opportunities, (5) ............... they are fairly happy in their existing jobs. A high number of London workers say that they are always on the (6) , although they are content and motivated in their current position. Job seekers find that the internet (7)

...... them with a

quick and easy way to find out what's available, and 53 per cent said that they had applied for a job or (8)

........... with an employment agency in the past 12

months. This proactive (9) .......... means that people can look for a perfect job match with the (10) ....... of effort. But while this is good for job hunters, the growing lack of company loyalty could (11) ... up being a big problem for employers. Perhaps surprisingly, the (12) ... factor attracting job seekers was not more money, but challenging and interesting work. 1 A gone

B over

C done

D finished

2 A stage

B point

C section

D period

3 A right

B true

C actual

D real

4 A hold

B put

C keep

D place

5 A just as

B as well

C so that

D even if

6 A lookout

B search

C watch

D pursuit

7 A serves

B delivers

C provides

D fulfils

38

8 A engaged

B registered

C appointed

D recorded

9 A manner

B approach

C style

D custom

10 A least

B smallest

C lowest

D minimum

11 A come

B end

C lead

D run

12 A biggest

B widest

C largest

D highest

Part B Read the text. Before you answer the test questions, go on to the Further Practice and Guidance page which follows. For questions 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 IN Kite surfing It's the fastest-growing watersport (0) ........... the world. Five years ago, (13) ........ were a few hundred kite surfers in the UK. Now the number (14).............. ... nearer 10 000. Kite surfers use the wind to sail across the water on a surfboard. The kite is attached (15)........... ................................................................................................... the rider's waist by a harness and controlled by a bar. It's thrilling to watch the brightly coloured kites zipping through the skies, pulling their riders at enormous speed. But it's even (16) ..........

thrilling to do it. Aaron Hadlow, the wonderkid of the sport,

explains the appeal. 'There's so (17) you can do. You can ride waves, jump high or just cruise around. You can also go out in risky conditions and scare yourself - it's definitely high adrenalin.' Hadlow tried it out at the (18)

of 10 and started competing when

he was 12. Three years (19)............ , he was world champion, a title he has held (20)............. four years. Richard Gowers, chairman of the British Kite Surfing Association, says the sport is popular (21)

it is so easy to learn. 'You don't have to be superhuman to do it. It

normally (22) two to three days to master the basics. (23) of the best things is that you don't need a lot of equipment. You can pack (24)

39

all in the back of a car.'

Part C For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 PROUD Life on a Native American reservation There are around 800 reservations in the US where Native American tribes live and they are (0) ......people. Over 30 000 members of the

PRIDE

Lakota tribe live on the Pine Ridge Reservation, but life there is not easy. Some people do not have a car or telephone and many live in simple (25) ......... houses. There are only one or two stores where they can

WOOD

buy things. Lots of people are (26) ...............and times are tough. Despite EMPLOY the many (27) ....... of life on the reservation, people still choose to

DIFFICULT

live there and want to stay. Some Native Americans are trying to attract (28) .......... to come and learn more about their lives, their traditions and

VISIT

their music. On some reservations, people are opening shops selling Native American (29) ......and modern Native American music on CD.

JEWEL

Children of the Lakota learn from their elders, who hold the (30)......

WISE

of the tribe. (31) .... stories are very important to Native ............................. TRADITION Americans. The elders tell their children and (32).... about their people

CHILD

and their tribal history. It is important that the tradition of storytelling is continued by the younger members if these stories are not to be (33) ...........Even writing down the stories or putting them onto a

FORGET

computer may not prevent them from being lost (34) ...............

EVER

40

Part D For questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0

It took me a fairly long time to answer all my emails.

QUITE I spent ............................................................................... all my emails. The gap can be filled with the words 'quite a long time answering', so you write: Example: 0

QUITE A LONG TIME ANSWERING

35 You're a better cook than me. COOKING I'm not ..................................................... you are. 36 I shouted at her because she annoyed me. MADE If....................................................angry/I wouldn't have shouted at her. 37 Let's eat something now, I'm hungry. HAVE Why.................................................. to eat now, I'm hungry? 38 We couldn't swim because the water was so cold. US The water was............................................... go swimming. 39 I don't understand the meaning of that sentence - it's very confusing. MEANS I don't know ............................................ -it's very confusing. 40 She didn't want to discuss the problem. KEEN She ..................................................about the problem. 41 It's strange for me to eat at this time of the day. USED I'm .......................................................... at this time of the day. 42 Have you always taken an interest in politics? INTERESTED Has .............................................................. you?

41

Exercise 3 Part A For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 A. people B. creatures C. individuals D. beings Answer: D It's cool to camp For many of us, life is full of man-made sounds: traffic, machinery, television and other human (0)

It is not surprising (1) that camping continues to (2) in

popularity, as it teaches us to take our focus off these distractions and (3) ............ to enrich our lives. According to a recent report, one holiday (4) ............eight in Europe is a camping holiday. Despite that, some would still have you believe that camping should be considered an alternative holiday that you are driven towards because money is (5) ................ .................................................. Nonsense. It is a lifestyle choice to be embraced and enjoyed, for it (6) .......... us the freedom to explore in our own time and (7)............................................... our own speed. The opportunities available for (8).............. camping with some form of recreational activity are as varied as Europe's many thousands of miles of hiking trails, cycling routes, canals, rivers and lakes. Whether your chosen form of activity is recreational or competitive, a sociable hobby or a way of (9)

.............. the crowds, there can be

nothing more pleasurable than sitting outside your tent after a day of activity with only the hum of dragonflies and the gas stove (10) .........the peace. And just remember: whatever form of camping you choose, (11) ............ you are out there enjoying yourself and the surroundings, the (12) ...... ....... of the world can wait. 1. A therefore

B nevertheless

C so

D though

2. A enlarge

B grow

C raise

D stretch

3. A contributes

B gives

C supplies

D helps

4. A from

B on

C for

D in

5. A hard

B rare

C tight

D slim

6. A lets

B opens

C allows

D enables

42

7. A of

B at

C by

D to

8. A mixing

B attaching

C adding

D uniting

9. A escaping

B. separating

C clearing

D departing

10. A stopping

B annoying

C disturbing

D breaking

11. A in case

B as long as

C. even if

D whereas

12. A outside

B rest

C other

D remains

Part 2 For questions 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example:

0

FOR Puzzles can increase intelligence

Brain training puzzles really can boost intelligence, a study shows (0) ..... the

first

time. While previous studies have suggested that number puzzles can improve memory and crosswords can expand vocabulary, scientists (13) ......... now proved that mental exercise really does (14) .......................................... us more quick-witted. A Swiss-American team reports in a leading scientific journal how computer-based mental exercises were used (15) ........ .......................................... improve overall problem-solving ability. (16) ........... team gave 35 volunteers a series of mental exercises designed to improve their memory.

A control group of 35 subjects did not take these tests. Members of the first group were shown a different type (17)

square every three seconds and asked if a certain square

matched (18) shown earlier. Participants also heard a series of spoken letters and had to decide (19) each was the same as one presented two or three steps earlier in the sequence. If they did well, the task became harder and if they did badly, (20)............ became easier. They repeated the exercises for between eight (21) ............. nineteen days. Their problem-solving ability was then compared with the group who (22)

........ not done the exercises.

43

The results of the studies, published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed that the group who took part (23) ........ the brain training exercises had a significantly better problem-solving ability than the other group. Moreover, the more the participants trained, the more problems (24)

could solve.

Part 3 For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 ACCORDING The backache generation Young people are suffering ten times more back pain than their parents did at the same age, (0)............... to a survey. It found that they are

ACCORD

suffering from long hours spent hunched over PCs and computer games. Creaking knees and stooped shoulders are also affecting teenagers and young people, not just the (25) ............ Figures from the survey show

ELDER

that (26).................... knees are afflicting 63 per cent of under-18s, in

PAIN

(27) .................. with only three per cent of 55-year-olds who had knee

COMPARE

problems in their (28) .................. The survey blames lack of exercise,

YOUNG

(29) ...................... lifestyles and longer working hours.

ACT

Lack of opportunity to get off the (30)........... and walk on a natural

PAVE

landscape is also responsible for problems like backache, ankle (31) ..................... and joint pain, it says. More than eight out of ten of those

INJURE

surveyed only ever walk on concrete. Toshua Wies. a physiotherapist said: It is very (32) ................ that under-18s are experiencing problems

WORRY

that are usually associated with the pensioners. Are we going to start seeing teenagers having (33) .............. for hip problems, something that

TREAT

was completely (34) ................. just a decade ago?'

KNOW

44

Part 4 For questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 It took me a fairly long time to answer all my emails. QUITE I spent .................................................... all my emails. The gap can be filled with the words 'quite a long time answering', so you write: Example: 0 QUITE A LONG TIME ANSWERING 35 We really enjoyed visiting London. GREAT Our ................................................................. fun. 36 My department at work consists of six people, including me. US In my department at work...................................., including me. 37 Whose idea was it to organize a party for her? CAME Who ................................................... of organizing a party for her? 38 She's never had a job in management before now. EVER This is the first ........................................... a job in management. 39 Despite knowing the correct answer, he didn't say anything. ALTHOUGH He didn't say anything, ....................................the correct answer was. 40 'I don't think you should give up the course,' she said to him. NOT She advised ................................................... the course. 41 It's not a problem for me to change our arrangement. MIND I .......................................................... our arrangement. 42 This hotel is cheaper than the others in the brochure. COMPARED This hotel is cheap ....................................... ones in the brochure.

45

References Acklam, R., & Crace, A. (2008). Going for Gold. Pearson Longman. Cambridge First Certificate in English 5. (2005). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press . Evans, V. (2008). FCE Practice exam papers 1. Berkshire: Express Publishing. Evans, V. (2008). FCE Practice exam papers 2. Berkshire: Express Publishing. Harrison, M. (2008). FCE Practice Tests. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Harrison, M. (2010). FCE Testbuilder . Oxford: Macmillan . Mann, M., & Taylore-Knowles, S. (2005). Use of English. Oxford: Macmillan . Osbone, C. (2008). First Certificate Practice Tests. HEINLE CENGAGE Learning. Roberts, P. (2008). Cambridge First Certificate Reaading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Simmons, A. (2008). Mastering the FCE Examination. Burlington Books.

46

ANSWER KEY FOR USE OF ENGLISH

Key Exercise 1 Part A 1. C 2. B

3. D 4. C

Part B 13. when/if

15. their

14. it

16. A

5. A 6. D

7. B 8. A

17. which/what 18. were

Part C 25. lifetime

27. successful 26. selection 28. demanding

9.C 10.C

11.A 12.D

19. and/or 21. Why

23. of

20. to

24. such

29. populated 30. variety

22. get/become/grow

31. spectacular

33. competitors

32. extraordinary

34. adventurous

Part D. 35. never heard such a 36. have thought more carefully 37. heard from Gill 38. without making any 39. be able to give you 40. for an explanation of 41. we set out / off 42. be given my money Exercise 2 Part A 1. A 2. D

3. B 4. C

Part B 13. there 14. is

15. to 16. more

Part C 25. wooden 26. unemployed

5. D 6. A

7. C 8. B

17. much 18. age

27. difficulties 28. visitors

9.B 10.D

19. later 20. for

29. jewellery 30. wisdom

Part D 35. as / so good at cooking as 36. she hadn't made me 37. don't we have something 47

11.B 12.A

21. because/as/since 22. takes

23. one 24. it

31. traditional

33. forgotten

32. grandchildren

34. forever

38. too cold for us to 39. what that sentence means 40. wasn't keen to talk 41. not used to eating 42. politics always interested Exercise 3 Part A 1. A 2. B

3. D 4. D

5. C 6. C

7. B 8. A

Part B 13. have 14. make

15. to 16. the

17. of 18. one

19. whether/if 20. it

Part C 25. elderly 26. painful

27. comparison 28. youth

29. inactive 30. pavement

Part D 35. visit to London was great 36. there are six of us 37. came up with the idea 38. time she has ever had 39. although he knew what 40. him not to give up 41. don't mind changing 42. compared with the other

48

9.A 10.C

31. injures 32. worrying

11.B 12.B

21. and 22. had

23. in 24. they

33. treatment 34. unknown