Fase3 - SEMINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN

 

RK@^B]Y@EDE KD KDI@JKDL DM DM@ YBO@KD]@J EB @K^BYU@HDI@ÙK - 433437

 

@KUBH]DKUBY TRB SD]U@I@SD]JK IJK DSJ]UBY Y@HK@N@IDU@^JY Y@HK@N@IDU@^JY BK BL NJ]J EB LD DIU@^@EDE NDYB 9 SD]D YR IJKYU]RI@ÙK

SB]@JEJ DIDEÀO@IJ   NBIGD EB BKU]BHD

 

   

B]UD P D E@YUDKI@D - RKDE H]RSJ H]

ur Dl Gjued @mrdg`o Qdwde`

Dkedr`s Hr`odlej Hdlbdkj

blly Sdjld Dmbllj ]jerïhubz

Der`dk Hjkzdlbz

Lueys ^drhds

4 4>-35

5/=/=3==

44

 

Ubod

Ubod 4

 

Ubod =

 

Ijkbxj - Dkbibebkbs (473 - =23 pdldmrds) + Yjwdrb boplbdejs bk ld `kvbsthdi`ùk - Bv`ebki`d (L`kf v`ebj)

Srjeuitj eb ld ir`s`s qub bknrbktd ^bkbzubld, o`lbs eb i`uededkjs vbkbzjldkjs gdk `khrbsdej d Ijljom`d6 ojv`o`bktj o`hrdtjr`j qub supjkb ukd sbr`b eb ebsdjs tdktj pdrd bl hjm`brkj ijoj pdrd ld sji`bede i`v`l. Bl prbsbktb driulj dkdl`zd ld ijkhurdi`ùk ebl `odh`kdr`j sji`dl eb ld `ktbhrdi`ùk eb ljs `ko`hrdktbs vbkbzjldkjs, d pdrr eb bktrbv`stds rbdl`zdeds d jigj lïebrbs `ko`hrdktbs rde`idejs bk lds i`uedebs eb Mjhjtä y Iñiutd. Bl `odh`kdr`j sb dkdl`zd ebseb ljs ijkibptjs dx`dlbs eb ld jmrd eb O. D. Mdbzd y ld `ktbhrdi`ùk ijoj prjibsj bk trbs k`vblbs ebseb bl dmjredab eb N. Dl`dhd Ydàz. Yb rbdl`zù dkäl`s`s gbrobkàuij eb ljs e`siursjs y bk bl ijrpus sb gdk `ebkidej ljs idopjs sboäkijs qub ljs lïebrbs ebsir`mbk ijoj dspbitjs ildvb pdrd `opulsdr bl prjibsj eb `ktbhrdi`ùk1 kbibs`ede eb jr`bktdi`ùk b `knjrodi`ùk, dtbkebr ld prbidr`bede b `knjrodl`ede ldmjrdl, bl ldzj bktrb Ijljom`d y ^bkbzubld, idrditbr`zdr ld pjmldi`ùk `ko`hrdktb, sbks`m`l`zdi`ùk nrbktb dl nbkùobkj y bv`tdr s`tudi`jkbs eb ijk`itjs. VDMYU]DIU N]JO DRUGJ]_

gps1//yjutu.mb/uQMi>aMX>Js

 

Edej ld ebsdnjrtukded s`tudi`ùk bijkùo`id, pjlïid y sji`dl eb ^bkbzubld d rdïz eb su odld hbsùk y deo`k`strdi`ùk, ouigd eb ld pjmldi`ùk vbkbzjldkd sb gd v`stj njrzded dmdkejkdr su pdïs pjr ld hrdk pjmrbzd b `kdi`ùk qub `op`eb sdsndibr lds kbibs`edebs pr`ki`pdlbs eb lds ndo`l`ds, ebl o`soj ojej qub musidr kubvjs pdïsbs ejkeb bopbzdr eb ibrj, ijoj bl idsj eb Ijljom`d. Y`k bomdrhj, kj gd s`ej ukd tdrbd näi`l pdrd ljs o`lbs eb `ko`hrdktbs pubstj qub bx`stbk igjqubs iulturdlbs y sji`dlbs qub gdib e`i`l su dedptdi`ùk. Sjr jtrd pdrtb, lds jpjrtuk`edebs sjk l`o`tdeds y bk bl odyjr eb ljs idsjs ebmbk rbdl`zdr ldmjrbs qub rbqu`brbk ouigj bsnubrzj s`ij d uk sublej ouy mdaj. D pbsdr eb ld prbidr`d s`tudi`ùk vbkbzjldkd, bl `ko`hrdr kj hdrdkzd ukd obajrd eb lds ijke`i`jkbs eb v`ed d pr`obrd `kstdki`d edej qub dl `khrbsdr d uk kubvj pdïs y bk bl pbjr eb ljs idsjs s`k ijkji`ejs, ljs vbkbzjldkjs ebmbk sjobtbrsb d ldmjrbs odl pdhds, e`sir`o`kdi`ùk, e`iultdebs bijkùo`ids, bti.

 

@kvbsthdi`ùk ijk bknjqub iudktdtvj y iud @ebktidi`ùk eb uk prjmlbod jmabj eb bsue`j. Bknjqub

Iudktdvj

]bsuobk eb ld prjmlboätid `ebktided (433 - 473 pdldmrds)

Ijljom`d bs bl pd`s vbi`kj ijk i jk vbkbzubld qub gd rbi`m`ej oäs `ko`hrdktbs ebseb ld ir`s`s qub sb prbsbktj bk bsb pd`s, ijk oäs eb 4 o`lljk eb `ko`hrdktbs, ljs i`uededkjs eb domjs pd`sbs sb bknrbktdrjk d kubvds s`tudi`jkbs, rbtjs y dobkzds bijkjoi`d, sji`dl y pjl`idobktb, pjr bstj bl bstue`j pdrd ijkjibr ld ojv`l`zdi`jk d lds e`nbrbktbs i`uedebs bk ijljom`d kjs dyuedrd d bktbkebr bstb nbkjobkj eb hrdk `opditj sji`dl.

 

Iudl`tdvj

Srjmlbod1 E`sir`o`kdi`ùk eb ld pjmldi`ùk `ko`hrdktb ^bkbzjldkd, dnbitdi`ùk bijkùo`id y sji`dl eb bstd y eb lds ndo`l`ds bk i`uedebs Ijljom`dkds ijk odyjr dsbktdo`bktj ]bsuobk1 Ebm`ej d Ld ir`s`s prbsbktded bk bl Sdïs vbi`kj, ^bkbzubld, ouigd eb ld pjmldi`ùk qub dllä rde`idmd gd o`hrdej gdi`d Ijljom`d bk ld mñsqubed eb kubvjs gjr`zjktbs qub lbs pbro`tdk iumr`r lds kbibs`edebs mäs`ids qub kj pubebk ijm`adr bk su pdïs kdtdl6 s`k bomdrhj pdrd blljs kj tjej bs ijljr eb rjsd pubs bknrbktdk e`nbrbktbs ebsdjs qub ebmbk sjmrbllbvdr ijoj bl pdk eb ided eïd, dlhukjs eb blljs ijk su ndo`l`d d idrhj qub `kiluybk k`ôjs bk bede tboprdkd y qub sb vbk ildrd y nubrtbobktb rbzdhdejs ebm`ej d bstb nbkùobkj qub d e`dr`j sb bv`ebki`d bk lds idllbs. Sbrj kj sjlj ljs dnbitd d blljs, tdom`àk dnbitd d ljs rbs`ebktbs j i`uededkjs Ijljom`dkjs sji`dl y bijkùo`idobktb, yd qub bk jids`jkbs ld pjmldi`ùk ^bkbzjldkd pjr bkijktrdr j ijksbhu`r dlhj eb ijobr rbdl`zdk ldmjrbs d mdajs ijstjs pbraue`iäkejsb blljs o`sojs dl dsuo`r trdmdajs s`k uk pdhj austj, uk diibsj d sdlue, j dlhñk ebrbigj mäs`ij qub lbs hdrdkib ukd v`ed e`hkd y d ljs Ijljom`dkjs bk ld obe`ed bk qub sjk rbbopldzdejs eb sus ldmjrbs ebaäkejljs s`k boplbj.

 

 

l`dtvj Sjs`mlb (s) sjlui`ùk (bs) (bs) dl prjmlbod `ebktidej

E`sbôj eb ld `kvbsthdi`ùk

lbhdl`zdi`jk eb ld pjmldi`jk `ko`hrdktb bk ijljom`d dyueds o`hrdtjr`ds pdrd ljs vbkbzjldkjs

E`sbôj kj bxpbr`obktdl ebseb ld pbrspbivd eb lds uk`edebs eb dkäl`s`s eb bstue`js pjmldi`jkdlbs. Sdrd bllj sb ul`zdrä ul`zdrä ukd `kvbshdi`ùk dpl`ided, ebm`ej d qub ijk ld rbijlbii`ùk eb ld `knjrodi`ùk sb bkijktrdräk `ebds, j bstrdtbh`ds pdrd dpl`idrlds y e`so`ku`r bstd prjmlboäid.

 

@kvbshdi`jk - Dii`ùk1 Yb bl`hb bstb e`sbôj yd qub d trdvbs eb bstb sb prbtbkeb ijkjibr y ijktr`mu`r d rbsjlvbr ld prjmlbodid eb ld o`hrdi`jk eb ld pjmldi`jk ^bkbzjldkd, bs ebi`r ijk bstb pj eb e`sbôj kj sjlj sb prbtbkeb prbtbkeb ld ebsir`pi`jk, idrditbr`zdi`jk j bl bktbke`o`bktj eb ld s`tudi`jk ebl hrupj j pjmldi`jk s` kj qub tdom`bk obe`dktb bl bstue`j eb uk hrupj j ijouk`ede, ld rbsjlui`jk eb ukd prjmlbodid sji`dl qub dnbitd d uk ebtbro`kdej kuobrj eb pbrsjkds musidkej ijk bstj uk idom`j sji`dl, yd qub sbhuk Gbrkdkebz Ydop`br`, Ydop`br`, ]. Obkejzd Ujrrbs, I. S.(=347) ijk bstb pj eb e`sbôj sb jmbkb `knrjodi`jk sjmrb e`dhkùsijs eb prjmlboäids sji`dlbs, pjlïids, ldmjrdlbs, bijkùo`ids, bti., eb kdturdlbzd *-Ajrkdeds eb dlndmbzdi`jk bijkjo`id y sdldr`dl Ijljom`dkd. ijlbivd.Idtbhjrïds sjmrb lds idusds y ijksb-iubki`ds eb lds prjmlboäids y sus sjlui`jkbs. -Ajrkdeds eb sji`dl`zdijk eb ebrbigjs nukedobtdlbs y ebrbigj Gbrkäkebz Ydop`br`, ]., Obkejzd Ujrrbs, I. S.(=347). Ldmjrdl. Obtjejljhïd eb ld `kvbshdi`ùk1 lds rutds iudktdvd, -Ajrkdeds eb Lbhdl`zdi`jk y

Sbro`sj eb Sbrodkbki`d dl mdrr`j. iudl`tdvd y o`xtd. OiHrdw G`ll. gps1//www bmjjfs8 =5 -]bsji`dl`zdi`jk y dedptdi`jk eb ld ijo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/:`l?>559 pjmldi`jk ^bkbzjldkd

 

Uàik`id ]bijlbii`ùk eb edjs

Uàik`id Dkäl`s`s eb edjs

Ijoj tàik`id eb dkäl`s`s eb edtjs gbojs ebk`ej ld tàik`id eb bstde`sid @knbrbki`dl lds iudlbs sjk1 `keuii`ùk, Lds tàik`ids eb rbijlbii`ùk eb ld ebeuii`ùk, dkäl`s`s y sïktbs`s. `knjrodi`ùk blbh`eds sjk ld Bkiubstd qub Yb rbdl`zdrä ukd rbeuii`ùk eb edtjs bstj bs ukd mubkd gbrrdo`bktd pdrd ld ijk bl k eb bxprbsdrljs y ebsir`m`rljs eb jmtbki`ùk eb ld `knjrodi`ùk bspbiïid tdl odkbrd qub rbspjked d ukd bstruiturd qub bstdojs musidkej, sb lb dpl`idrä d ld s`stboäid, `ktbl`h`mlb pdrd jtrds pbrsjkds o`tde eb kubstrd oubstrd y ld jtrd tàik`id y s`hk`idvds, lubhj rbdl`zdrbojs ukd bs ld eb Bsidld qub bstä jr`bktded d obe`r idtbhjr`zdi`ùk y ije`idi`ùk, ebshljsdkej pbrsjkds, bsouljs y pjs eb rbspubstds ld `knjrodi`ùk jmtbk`ed, eb bstd njrod sb sb dpl`idrïd d ld jtrd o`tde eb ld oubstrd, pjeräk rbdl`zdr ijopdrdi`jkbs y pjs`mlbs ld njrod `ebdl eb dpl`idrlds sbrïd ijktrdstbs, eb odkbrd qub pjerbojs jrhdk`zdr ijkibptudlobktb ljs edtjs y pbrsjkdlobktb gdi`bkej pbrj kjsjtrjs bl pdpbl eb bktrbv`stdejrbs ijoj prbsbktdr `knjrodi`ùk s`hu`bkej dlhñk pj bstdojs bk bopjs eb pdkebo`d sb pubebk ul`zdr lds pldtdnjrods j obe`js eb pdtrùk j rbhuldr`ede bobrhbktb. Ydm`kj (=33>) drod qub, “bl dkäl`s`s eb edtjs vd e`h`tdlbs pdrd llbhdr d lds pbrsjkds y d pbro`r `ebkidr idrditbrïsids rbdl`zdr kubstrd `kvbshdi`ùk. `kvbshdi`ùk. Ybhñk `opjrtdktbs eb ld idtbhjrïd y vdr`dmlb, Gbrkäkebz Ydop`br` (4007, p. =95) ukd prjpjri`jkdkej mdsbs pdrd ijkjibr ljs vbz sblbii`jkdej bl e`sbôj eb ld vdljrbs pjmldi`jkdlbs, bstdmlbi`bkej ld `kvbshdi`ùk dprjp`dej y ld oubstrd odhk`tue eb lds rbldi`jkbs bktrb ejs j oäs debiuded eb diubrej d kubstrj prjmlbod ijkauktjs eb edtjs‟. Sjr su pdrtb Nrdkfl`k eb bstue`j, ld s`hu`bktb btdpd ijks`stb bk (4007) `ke`iù qub “bl prjpùs`tj ebl dkäl`s`s ld rbijlbii`ùk eb ljs edtjs sjmrb lds vdr`dmlbs `kvjluirdeds bk ld `kvbshdi`ùk bs bstdmlbibr ljs nukedobktjs pdrd ebsdrrjlldr jpi`jkbs eb sjlui`ùk dl nditjr (Gbrkäkebz, p.=95). qub sb bstue`d, ijk bl k eb `ktrjeui`r lds obe`eds eb obajrdo`bktj bk lds obajrbs ijke`i`jkbs pjs`mlbs‟.

 

Bktrbv`stds, rbuk`jkbs hrupdlbs (hrupjs eb bknjqub, njrjs eb e`sius`ùk, rbuk`jkbs eb trdmdaj) y iubsjkdr`js (prbhuktds dm`brtds y ibrrdeds).  Yb bsijhbk bstds tbik`ids yd qub sjk lds qub sb prjpjkbk sbhuk bl pj eb e`sbôj eb `kvbshdi`jk d rbdl`zdr, debods pbro`tbk ijkjibr eb pr`obrd odkj ld `knjrodi`jk ijk ld iudl trdmdadr sjmrb lds bxpbr`bki`ds eb v`ed eb lds pbrsjkds y pjmldi`jk `kvjluirdede e`rbitdobktb bk ld prjmlbodid.

 

Ld rbv`s`jk eb ljs edtjs rbijlbitdejs eb diubrej d ljs ir`tbr`js y blbh`r ukd uk`ede eb dkdl`s`s pdrd ije`idrljs eb odkbrd sblbivd.

Gbrrdo`b Gbrr do`bkds kds bopl boplbded bded Kjomrb ebl bsue`dkb

Sdldmrds ildvb

@ko`hrdi`jk

Bxprbs`ùk j biudi`ùk eb mñsqubed boplbded

*o`hrdi`jk DKE `lbhdl DKE ijljom`d

I. Dhubll+E91 Guodkj Guo dkjss bk b gps1//bes-p2=n-5293-d3b ^. Bsijmdr (=3 ijo.m`ml`jtbi %53rbe`s&me

Kur @mrdg`o Qdwde`

Ous J. (=34 gps1//wbm-p d970m54d9=m @lbhdl

rdi`jk J] bktrded KBD]/9 `lbhdl bk ijljo Nrd rdki kij j A. (=34 (=34 bmsijgjst-ij %53rbe`s&me

Eurdk K. ((= =3= @opdit @op ditj j bk Ijljom Ijljom`d `d

`kejiu `kejiuobk obktd* td* DKE `lb `lbhdl hdl DKE ijljom ijljom`d `d

  e`sir`o`kdjk e`sir`o`k djk ijo.m`ml`jtbi O`lldk Jtbrj, eb k`ôjs vbkb

@kndki`d

K`ôjs vbkbzjldkjs bk Ijljom`d

gps1//www. Lùpbz ^`lldo`l, ebrbigj d ld b gps1//www.

Beuidi`ùk k`ôjs `rrbhuldr Dkedr`s Hr`odlej Hdlbdkj

]jads, N. A. (=3 Ejibktb1 Ijk v`e?==&s`e?9 %53rbe`s&me

@rrbhuldr ^`jlbki`d k`ôjs vbkbzjldkjs

Hdriïd ^`td O dejlbsibktbs =3 =3=3 =3 Vi Vi`t `tde dej j= gps1//www. dstrj, ., EB U]DMDAJ ijkt ijktbk bkt/ t/u u lj

 

gps1//www. O`hrdi`ùk

@opditj eb ukd o`hrdi`ùk njrzded

Dl`dhd Yäbz, N. >8(=), >8’88. gps1//www. ]JODK, ]. G. ijktbopjrdk O`hrdjk/Ij

Dki`dkjs

Dki`dkjs bk o`hrdi`ùk

Dkp Dk pje jed, d, Vs Vs.. ll.. ijo.m`ml`jtbi Dibssj bo1 =2

AJYÀ NB]KDK 087027820=2 e`rbit?trub&e

ÄL^D]BQ, X. sunr`o`bktj y 43.=9783/odr e`rbit?trub&e Dmdkejkj

dmdkejkj pjr `lbhdl`ede

Lueys ^drhds

IDYY@DK@-O@] Eudzdry. ]bv` bo1 gps1//sb e`rbit?trub&e

LÙSBQ KD]MJ E`spjkïvbl E`spj kïvbl bo e`rbit?trub&e

]bigdzj

]bigdzj pjr kdi`jkdl`ede SJ]UJID]]B Be`tjr`dl eb ld E`spjkïvbl E`spj kïvbl bo e`rbit?trub&e

 

Gjkedhkbu-Y @ktbrkdi`jkdl o`hrdi`jk

O`hrdi`ùk ebseb ld pbrspbivd ebl hbkbrj Dr`ds Hubvdrd Hubvdrd hà hàk kbrj brj. Lb Lbiitu gps1//ej`.jr

Fblly Sdjld Dmbllj ]jerïhubz

Digdryd, D. (= @kvbshdi`ùk Uräij

Uräij eb ouabrbs Digdryd, D. F., Nbo`k`stds, 49

Fjvdijvd, L., Beuidi`ùk, Sj Srbvbki`ùk

Srbvbki`ùk eb ld ir`o`kdl`ede Hdriïd Hdri ïd Älvdrb Älvdrbzz Bl Ebsdrrjllj B Gbrrbrd Ojsq Kubvd Pjrf.O 4.’==.gps1//

@lbhdl

Der`dk Hjkzdlbz Ljpbz

@opditj

Sbrsjkds

 

ld `lbhdl`ede bk ld Bijkjo`d eb trdmdaj `knjrodl eb ljs o`hrdktbs @m @mdr drrd rd Bsi Bsijm jmdd =(4), 438-492.

Bl `opditj bijkjo`ij y sji`dl bk ljs pd`sbs qub rbi`mbk o`hrdktbs

Ijoj sb vbk dnbitdeds lds pbrsjkds o`hrdktbs

Ojktbreb Od IJ^@ IJ ^@EE-40 40 bk l (4=0),438-493 pbrodkbktbo Odtsuzufd, P @opdit jn jn Yf`ll Hd Hdri riïd ïd,, Odr Odrtg tg o`hrdktbs. ]b gps1//www. %=3rbpdtr`de Mr`jkbs ^jzo o`hrdktbs trd gps1//drig`v

 pd  p drd ld `kvbsthdi`ùk (]b M`ml`jhrdds (= pjr

=2j ]. Odrtgd (=3 =34 40) Ld Sjl l pb pbr`jej =3 =343 --= =3471 pb pbrk bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtbidv`r -i3i90b23>n=b%53rbe`s&m  

 

47) O`hrdktbs `rrbhuldrbs bk v`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/bes/eb td?Aoxgmoi0QWOoi=l3QU4

) Ir Ir`s `s`s `s u jp jpjr jrtu tuk` k`ed ede1 e1 `opd `opd -bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtbidv` %53rbe`s&medtd?Aoxgmoi

 

0) ºLjs sjsp jspbigjsjs eb s`b s`bo .m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu td?Aoxgmoi0QWOoi=l3QU4

4) Dtrdpdejs y s`k Ydl`ed1 Bx   1^ ^bbkbzubldk o`hrdkts' pbri v`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/bes/eb  

F. L., Eurdk Sdldi`j, K. O., ] zjldkjs bk Ijljom`d . Ss`ijb bkeblby.ijo/idtdljhub/25

 

Y., ]jerïhubz L`zdrrdleb, I., euidi`ùk. j jaads dm dmlds, ((4 4>), 4 bkeblby.ijo/idtdljhub/95

 

40). Beuidi`ùk Beuidi`ùk pdrd ljs k`ôj i`o`bk i`o `bktj tj d Uu Dlidk Dlidkib, ib, >(. >(. 4 777757-345b-5b75-0449-3 td?Aoxgmoi0QWOoi=l3QU4

 

ebl O, Nbrrb`rd Sàrbz YS, Bsi b jr`hbk vbkbzjldkj1 idsjs = eb eb odrz odrzj j eb =3== =3==_6 _6>( >(=) =)14 14-bkeblby.ijo/idtdljhub/>7  

 

jBS dD]UD kjUDOB , OBKU . KUJ ko hr hIG rd BSD] J.EBd EB]B EB ]BIG es/s`tbs/5/=348/44/EJI-EB

bkeblby.ijo/idtdljhub/>7  

D. (=3=4). Idusds eb ld o`hr gps1//ej`.jrh/43.99549/du bkeblby.ijo/idtdljhub/7>  

I. Ijouk`edebs bk bspbrd1 d/Ijoouk`bs `k Xd`kh1 uk`edebs bo bspbrd1 d prj ._v, `krt.u5d9l.,upk.d=e8.,b=e3u=.i4j./EljJh@`k4.3d. odr. =3==.

J, H. O.6 ID]OBK LRI@D I >. E`spjkïvbl bo1 gps1//sb m?besbmf&DK?947>885&ld

`bshj, bknbrobede y diibsj dmdke kej jkj sji`dl. O`eelb Dtl lds.920. E`spjkïvbl bo1 gp m?dsk&DK?4222494>>&ldk

DKED, I. D.6 IDOSJ-D]@DY, td eb ld ld Ndiultde Ndiultde eb I`bki I`bki`d `d drig-bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jt m?dsk&DK?4988753>5&ldk

KD, D. D. O. Nuked Nukedob obktj ktjss eb l 1 gps1//sbdrig-bmsijgjst-i gps1//sbdrig-bmsijgjst-i m?klbmf&DK?=8==70=&ldk

J, H. Ld urhbki`d pjr ebi`r Sjki` Sjk i`dd uk`vb uk`vbrs rs`e `ede de Idt Idtùl ùl`` 1 gps1//sbdrig-bmsijgjst-i gps1//sbdrig-bmsijgjst-i m?klbmf&DK?==>2985&ldk

 

tblj, S. (=344). Bstue`js eb s, >(4), =40’=95. gps1//ej`

 

O. eb ljs ljs D., D., Gbrk rkäk äke ebz Auä Auä d ebseb bl bknjqub eb ljs o /43.=094=/rbobxid.v2`>.70  

330 30)). RK DKÄL@ ÄL@Y@Y IJKIBS BSUU ji`dl, >(4=), =00. gps1//ej

 

& Ytbvdkdtj, D. Y. (=332). ^ (9), 238’2=5. gps1//ej`.jr gps1//ej`.jr

 

 

difjvd, O., & Ljsjkiz`, S. ( lïid y ^dljrbs. gps1//ej`.j

, O. N. (=342). O`hrdi`ùk bk euidvj, >(44), 878. gps1/  

ubrd, H`jijked.(=340).Srbid `hrdi`jkbs `ktbrkdi`jkdlbs. o`hrdi`jkbs`ktbrkdi`jkdlbs.

 

, Hu`llbroj B. (=3 =339 39)). O`hr hrdd gp1//www.si`blj.jrh.ox/s  

tbj, tbj, Ýs Ýsid idrr y Srjn Srjnbs bsjr jr ds dsji ji`d `d d pjm pjmld ldi` i`ùk ùk rbnu rbnuh` h`de dedd pdl pdlbs bs  .gps1//www.i`ejm.jrh/bs/ bktbZijkkdejsZblZ`opdit   fdr` fdr` y Hàrdr Hàrdre, e, Odribl Odribl.. (=3== (=3== be O`hrdjk. G`tjtsumdsg` R d Ajsbkd Nrdkij y Yäkigbz, `std Ldkjdobr`idkd eb Bst bedlyi.jrh/ajurkdl/=83/=83 s%=I%=3sb%=3lbs%=3bsh

 

 

e`dkj, Br`id. P Hjkzälbz-Hj dadejrds bk dhr`iulturd bk B sebprbvbki`jk.bu/`kebx.pg

 

`s`ùk s`sboätid eb ld m`ml`jhrdd m`ml`jhrdd))

 

ided pdldmrd bk lds mdsbs eb edjs sblbii`jkdeds). Kjrods DSD 8.3

 

ïid @ktbrkdi`jkdl eb O`hrdi`ùk bk ijkijredki`d ijk ld Ebildrdi`ùk eb ljs Ebrbigjs bki`d y bidi`d pdrd bl idsj eb Ijljom`d - ^bkbzubld. Ijljom`d. rbiupbrdej eb1 tudl.ukde.beu.ij/bes/ebtd`l/e tudl.ukde.beu.ij/ bes/ebtd`l/ebtd`l:v`e?9&s`e btd`l:v`e?9&s`e?5e23n2d7-9 ?5e23n2d7-9 dtd?Aoxgmoi0QWOoi=l3QU4lQGOtmHl=QYQzP=0wQU4zdW]l#em?ndp&DK?453820458  

 

Doàr`id Ldkd1 bl idsj ijljom`dkj. Ijljom`d. ]biupbrdej eb1 gps1//bes-p-bmsijgjstgps1//bes-p-bmsijgjstd`l/ebtd`l:v`e?8&s`e?5e23n2d7-92=n-5293-d3b5-i3i90b23>n=b lQGOtmHl=QYQzP=0wQU4zdW]l#DK?4994=8849&em?ndp

itj eb ld o`hrdi`ùk vbkbzjldkd bk ld prjeuiv`ede ijljom`dkd. ]biupbrdej eb1 rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/bgjst/ebtd`l/ebtd`l:v`e?7&s` rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/bgjst/ebtd`l/ ebtd`l:v`e?7&s`e?i77>=423-9mi4-5=>2-mmbbe?i77>=423-9mi4-5=>2-mmbb0QWOoi=l3QU4ldH0zeI4sdWQl#DK?425492>05&em?dsk

 

prb: Bnbitjs eb ld o`hrdi`ùk `rrbhuldr bk ld ir`o`kdl`ede. rbiupbrdej eb1 gps1//wbm-pgps1//wbm-p.ij/bgjst/ebtd`l/ebtd`l:v`e?49&s`e?i77>=423-9mi4-5=>2-mmbb-d970m54d9=me ldH0zeI4sdWQl#DK?425492>02&em?dsk

 

ljtdi`ùk Ebl`ivd eb K`ôds, K`ôjs, y Dejlbsibktbs ^bkbzjldkjs O`hrdktbs @kejiu   pjk jn e`sir`o`kdjk `k Ijljom`d rbiupbrdej eb1 gps1//bes-s-bmsijgjstd`l/ebtd`l:v`e?=&s`e?e5b>0be5-7nbb-5430-mibn 

erïhubz Odr`k, L. D., & Hdriïd G`kidp`à, D. (=3=4). Ld bsiubld y ld o`hrdi`ùk1 bxpbr`bki`ds spdi`js, 42(=>), 4’42. gps1//ej`.jrh/43.=2328/=452=88>.4543 gps1//ej`.jrh/43.=2328/=452=88>.4543 m29=b0-e00n-945i-m2d2-208e5>49mn3b/  

Hjkzälbz, L. E. D., & Mdrr`hd Euräk, Euräk, L. I. (=347). @kndki`ds o`hrdktbs bk Ijljom`d1 rbtjs ebl -=>. gps1//ej`.jrh/43.=0424/gjadsygdmlds.k4>d4 gps1//ej`.jrh/43.=0424/gjadsygdmlds.k4>d4 =i3m08-9n8m-9095-m2ni-m400i072=579/

 

vbkbzjldkjs qub sb bkiubktrdk eb odkbrd `rrbhuldr bk Ijljom`d. ]bv`std Bxpbr`bki`d ), 44’=3. gps1//bes-s-bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml gps1//bes-s-bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.b `jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/bes/e eu.ij/bes/ebtd`l/ebtd`l: btd`l/ebtd`l: mi3473debm lQGOtmHl=QYQzP=0wQU4zdW]l#DK?besekp.8783>44D]U&em?besekp  

dldktb Mdrr`js BL, Dktur` L`kbrj O, ^`llbhds Obkejzd D. ^`jlbki`d ijktrd k`ôjs, k`ôds y dtbke`ejs bk ld rbh`ùk kjrtb eb Ijljom`d . Ijljom. njrbksb V@ktbrkbt_. 42 eb e`i`bomrb eb 0. E`spjk`mlb bk1 gps1//rbv`stds.uii.beu.ij/ gps1//rbv`stds.uii.beu.ij/`kebx.pgp/ol/ `kebx.pgp/ol/drilb/v`bw/9700 drilb/v`bw/9700 59ni0>-2ii8-9mni-7552-b20e88932=id/

 

 

k b bk bkbz bzj j dk dkjs js d0=,j4’>5. jo d1 opdi opditj tjnrjo b ukd o hr hrdi di k jr jrzd zd d. IJKYU@URI@JKDL, ]btr`bvbe gps1//`irp.ubxtbrkdej.beu.ij/wpgps1//`irp.ubxtbrkdej.beu.i j/wp-U -U]D ]DMD MDAJ AJ-0= -0=.. en 

>bii3i-8b4d-9de4-d23e-7bi8bm>33m45/  

di`ùk njrzded eb ^bkbzubld d Ijljom`d. DRLD ]bv`std eb Guodk`edebs y I`bki`ds Yji`dlbs, ldgis.=3=4.>8`=.473 82=5m8-d>-9i48-db3m-bedb05m>3m23/  

ld prjobsd eb nuturj bk bl bopj `ki`brtj eb ld o`hrdi`jk obzqu`tdlbksb gb Srjo`sb jn d Nuturb `k tgb Ijktbopjrdry Srbidr`juskbss jn Obzqu`tdlbksb bssd eb nuturj kj tbopj t bopj `kibrtj ed o`hrdidj obzqu`tdlbksb ijktbopjrdkbd. ]bv`std 8553/dkpjed59.=3=4.3=. E`spjkïvbl bo1 gps1//sbdrig-bmsijgjstgps1//sbdrig-bmsijgjstpx:e`rbit?trub&em?beshdj&DK?beshil.>200=7=85&ldkh? px:e`rbit?trub&em? beshdj&DK?beshil.>200=7=85&ldkh?bs&s`tb?bes-l` bs&s`tb?bes-l`vb&sijpb?s`tb. vb&sijpb?s`tb.

]I@J MJ]]B]J. Ydlue ebl Dki`dkj. VK.p._1 RK@^B]Y@EDE EB IDLEDY, =3=4. @YMK drig-bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/ljh`k. drig-bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.uk de.beu.ij/ljh`k.dspx: dspx: h?bs&s`tb?bes-l`vb&sijpb?s`tb h?bs&s`tb?bes-l `vb&sijpb?s`tb.. Dibssj bo1 =2 odr. =3==.

 

dl iu`edej pdrd `ko`hrdktbs vbkbzjldkjs bk Ijljom`d. Bsmjzj eb ukd dktrjpjljhïd ebl ki ]bv`bw jn Ldk Dobr`idk Ytue`bs, Vs. l._, v. 2, k. =, p. 4=5’452, =3=4. EJ@ 1//sbdrig-bmsijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtb 1//sbdrig-bms ijgjst-ijo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu. idv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/ljh`k.dspx: ij/ljh`k.dspx: ?bs&s`tb?bes-l`vb&sijpb?s`tb ?bs&s`tb?bes-l `vb&sijpb?s`tb.. Dibssj bo1 =2 odr. =3==.

 D.6 GB]DQJ, B. Urdstjrkjs pjr ijksuoj eb sustdki`ds1 bktrb lds `kbqu`edebs y bl bshod. eb ld Ydlue, Vs. l._, v. 4>, k. =, p. =84’=73, =340. EJ@ 43.=4>8>/=970879W.=824. E`spjkïvbl idv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/ljh`k.dspx: ?bs&s`tb?bes-l`vb&sijpb?s`tb ?bs&s`tb?bes-l `vb&sijpb?s`tb.. Dibssj bo1 =2 odr. =3==.

 

 

 

d `ko`hrdi`ùk ijoj prjibsj sji`dl. VY.l._1 Eyf`ksjk, =3=3. @YMK 0877549884595. jo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/ljh`k.dspx: ?bs&s`tb?bes-l`vb&sijpb?s`tb ?bs&s`tb?bes-l `vb&sijpb?s`tb.. Dibssj bo1 =2 odr. =3=

jsjtrjs. Ljs `ktblbitudlbs y ld `ebd eb kdi`ùk bk bl Sbrñ rbpuml`idkj. L`od, Sbrñ1 Sbr ñ1 Njkej d ebl Sbrñ, =342. v. Sr`obrd be`i`ùk. be`i` ùk. Sr`obrd rb`oprbs`ùk@YMK 087>4=948373>. jo.m`ml`jtbidv`rtudl.ukde.beu.ij/ljh`k.dspx: ?bs&s`tb?bes-l`vb&sijpb?s`tb ?bs&s`tb?bes-l `vb&sijpb?s`tb.. Dibssj bo1 =2 odr. =3==

 

àkbrj y o`hrdi`ùk1 Rkd rbv`s`ùk ebseb ld pbrspbivd ebl s`hlj WW@. O`hrdi`jkbs .jrh/43.=9725/dutji.v=`4.88

 

rbz, O., & Gubsid Odr`ôj, A. O. (=347). Ijouk`edebs rurdlbs, bstrdtbh`ds ndo`l`drbs y be`js eb v`ed sjstbk`mlbs. ]bv`std Obx`idkd eb I`bki`ds Dhrïijlds, 2(>), 4444’44=5. 5

 

RDL EBL U]ÄN@IJ EB ORAB]BY P YR U@SJLJHÏD EB J]@HBK. Dkedo`js, ]bv`std eb `.jrh/43.=030=/udio.v>`4=.452

 

`jlbki`d y träij eb ouabrbs bk Oàx`ij1 ukd pbrspbivd eb hàkbrj. ]bv`std Bstuejs /43.4203/s3435-3=>x=332333933339

 

3=3). O`hrdi`ùk `lbhdl y prbvbki`ùk eb ld ir`o`kdl`ede. E`lbods Ijktbopjräkbjs1 rh/43.5>988/e`lbods.v9=`4.=32=

 

ld ir`o`kdl`ede / O`hrdjk `k ir`ob. ]@EB ]bv`std @mbrjdobr`idkd Sdrd Ld @kvbshdi`ùk y ej`.jrh/43.=9049/r`eb.v>`44.4=7 r`bede ldmjrdl y ijkstruii`ùk sji`dl eb ld "`lbhdl`ede"1 ndo`l`ds `keïhbkds biudtjr`dkds bk . 43, p jlbn.ox/`kebx.pgp/o`hrdi`jkbs`k jlbn.ox/`kebx.p gp/o`hrdi`jkbs`ktbrkdi`jkdlbs/dril tbrkdi`jkdlbs/drilb/v`bw/==4= b/v`bw/==4=

 

tbs obx`idkjs bk ld `keustr`d ebl vbsej eb Ljs Äkhblbs. O`hrdi`jkbs `ktbrkdi`jkdlbs. i`blj.pgp:sir`pt?si`Zdmstrdit&p`e?Y4>>2-703>=339333433332&lkh?bs&kro?`sj&tlkh?b i`blj.pgp:sir`pt?si`Zdmstrdit&p`e ?Y4>>2-703>=339333433332&lkh?bs&kro?`sj&tlkh?bss

 

j, Rk`vbrs`tdt eb Mdribljkd. (=3=4). Sbrodkbktbobktb ijkkdejs1 bl `opditj eb ld kd. ]bv`std I@EJM e'Dnbrs @ktbrkdi`jkdls. riuljs/rbv`stdZi`ejmZeZdnbrsZ`k riuljs/rbv`stdZ i`ejmZeZdnbrsZ`ktbrkdi`jkdls/4=0/ tbrkdi`jkdls/4=0/ jZebZldZijv`eZ40ZbkZldZpjmldi`j jZebZldZijv`eZ 40ZbkZldZpjmldi`jkZrbnuh`dedZpdlbskd kZrbnuh`dedZpdlbskd ). Ytuebkt Ojm`l`ty dke Yji`dl Xblndrb1 dk Bop`r`idl dke Ugbjrbidl @kqu`ry `ktj tgb Yji`dl k`vbrs`ty. gps1//ej`.jrh/43.42328/gass.=3=433= gps1//ej`.jrh/43.42328/gass.=3=433=

 

Ajsbkd Mdrjads. (=340) Bl r`bshj bk ld njrodi`ùk eb k`ôds y k`ôjs ibktrjdobr`idkjs ue`js Beuidvjs (Oàx`ij). WL@W(=), 429-475. 0=89332/gtol/#1~1tbxt?Lds%=3k`%I9%M4ds%=3y%=3dejlbsibktbs%=3bst%I9%D4k,sjk odzd. zälbz, Dhusk. (=3==). Bxpljtdi`ùk y prbidr`bede sji`jldmjrdl, ld rbdl`ede eb lds pbrsjkds spdôd. Drig`vjs eb Srbvbki`ùk eb ]`bshjs Ldmjrdlbs. =2(4). 47-=5. p/dprl/drilb/v`bw/478

 

Mdsbs eb edjs Hbsjrbs eb rbnbrbki`d Bv`ebki`d (L`kf v`ebj)

gps1//www.yjutumb.ijo/wdtig:

gps1//yjutu.mb/-mo3opYKQj3

 

L`kf eb uk v`ebj (4 o`k oäx`oj) bk ejkeb sb ljhrb `ebkidr bl boplbj eb mdsbs eb edtjs y hbstjrbs eb rbnbrbki`d bk ld rbv`s`ùk eb ljs dktbibebktbs ijktbxtj, bk driuljs i`bkijs

 

gps1//www.yjutumb.ijo/wdtig:

gps1//www.yjutumb.ijo/wdtig: