Fase 3 - Informe Preliminar

 

B@]J@ODFLD_G@ ^LGC@C = - B@_N ? - GLBD]JN Q]NIGJGL@]  Q]N_NLS@CD QD]; _G]INW G]DMD ]DK@_ ODCGFD; ?>5753=? G_@MNI O]G_SGLS@ RNIÀ_P^N[ _N]L@ F]^QD; =103=0T35

Q]N_NLS@CD @ OI@^CG@ FDL[@IN[ S^SD]@

^LGRN]_GC@C L@OGDL@I @MGN]S@ W @ CG_S@LOG@ ’^L@C‚ ’ ^L@C‚ N_O^NI@ OGNLOG@_ CN I@ _@I^C SNOLDIDFG@ NL ]NFNLOG@ CN B@]J@OG@ =1/1?/=1=0

 

GLS]DC^OOGßL I` B`rj`odfldsg` ns i` ognlog` b`rj`oçutgo` qun sn doup` cni odldogjgnltd cn i`s j`tnrg`s  prgj`s cn drgfnl mgdiÿfgod qun ni b`rj`oçutgod d i` glcustrg` b`rj`oçutgo` njpin`l p`r` i`  prnp`r`ogÿl cn jncgo`jnltds. Nl nst` b`sn sn cns`rrdii`r ni odldogjgnltd qun dmtgnln o`c` uld cn i`s pnrsdl`s qun mrglc`l ids  prdcuotds cn drgfnl vnfnt`i vnf nt`i i` ou`i sn muso` glc`f`r ni usd cn qun c` ` nstds p`r` i` lnonsgc`c lnons gc`c cn o`c` snr euj`ld rns`it rns`it`lcd `lcd sus nbnotd nbnotdss odlsnoun odlsnounlog`s log`s y rnodjnl rnodjnlc`ogdln c`ogdlnss cn nst` y` qun sdjds ul p`ês cn cgvnrsgc`c cn pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins i` ou`i sdl i` r`zÿl p`r` ni `prdvnoe`jgnltd cn nst`s (pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins). C`c` i` sdiuogÿl cn i` p`rtn glcgvgcu`i sn c` p`sd ` i` frup`i cdlcn o`mn rns`it`r su Glcgo`ogÿl tnr`p tnr`pçu çutg tgo` o` d b`rj b`rj`o `odi diÿf ÿfgo go`, `, Odlt Odltr`g r`glcg lcgo`o o`ogd gdlns lns y prno` prno`uo uogd gdln lns, s, Gltnr Gltnr`oo `oogÿ gÿll od odll dt dtrds rds jncgo`jnltds y Sdxgogc`c c`c` i`s pi`lt`s sninoogdl`c`s pdr ni frupd odlsgcnrd nspnogbgo`r ni `kd, sàmgi`, nltrn dtr`s8 muso`lcd `sê i` utgigc`c qun o`c` ul` cn nst`s qun puncn prdpdrogdl`r nl i` vgc` euj`l`.

 

DMKNSGRD_ Fnlnr`i;   odldonr y v`idr`r i` gjpdrt`log` gjpdrt`log` cn i` jncgogl` jncgogl` tr`cgogdl`i tr`cgogdl`i rnodldo rnodldognlcd gnlcd i`s pi`l`s cn lunstrd nltdrld odjd ul` fr`l `itnrl`tgv` jncgogl`i.  

Nspnoêbgods;  

]nodldonr i`s pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins jàs us`c`s nl lunstrd nltdrld.

 

Oi`sgbgo`r `iful`s cn i`s pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins cn `ounrcd ` su usd, p`rtn us`c` cn i`  pi`lt` y su bdrj` cn utgigz`r.

 

C`r ` odldonr i` glbdrj`ogÿl cn i`s prdpgnc`cns jncgogl`ins cn cgoe`s pi`lt`s cn usd  pdpui`r.

 

Glonltgv`r `i usd cn i` jncgogl` tr`cgogdl`i

 

Qi`ltn`jgnltd cni prdminj` Cnsorgmgr ni usd tr`cgogdl`i cn > pi`lt`s vnfnt`ins, su prnp`r`ogÿl, bdrj` cn usd, ids bglns jncgogl`ins p`r` ids qun sn rnodjgnlc`l y pdsgmins pràotgo`s cn usd gl`cnou`cd. J`tnrg`ins y jçtdcds. _n `pigo`rdl > nltrnvgst`s snjgnstruotur`c`s ` vnlcncdrns cn pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins nl >  pi`z`s cn jnro`c jnro`cdd cn oguc`cns, julgogpgds y cnp`rt`jnltds cnp` rt`jnltds odjd punrtd `sês putuj`yd su usd tr`cgogdl`i bun odjp`r`cd odl i`s glcgo`ogdlns b`rj`odiÿfgo`s rnpdrt`c`s nl ni R`cnjçouj Odidjmg`ld cn Qi`lt`s Jncgogl`ins. ]nsuit`cds. I`s pi`lt`s odlsuit`c`s nltrn ids vnlcncdrns nltrnvgst`cds bunrdl; ’O`inlcui`‚, ’`oedtn‚, ’o`ll`mgs‚, ’`im`e`o`‚ y ’`kd‚, i`s ou`ins prnsnlt`rdl `i jnlds trns rnpdrtns o`c` ul`. _n nlodltrÿ qun `iful`s cn i`s pi`lt`s jnlogdl`c`s pdr ids vnlcncdrns ld sn rnpdrt`l nl ni R`cnjçouj Odidjmg`ld cn Qi`lt`s Qi`lt`s Jncgogl`ins, nltrn nii nii`s `s ’Nsp`cgii`‚, nltrn dtr`s. _n cntnotÿ  pdod odldogjgnltd pdr p`rtn cn ids vnlcncdrns, sdmrn i`s pdsgmins odltr`glcgo`ogdlns d nbnotds `cvnrsds cn i`s pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins id qun odliinv` ` pràotgo`s gl`cnou`c`s nl i` odjulgc`c. S`jmgçl sn nvgcnlogÿ cnsodldogjgnltd cn i`s cgbnrnlog`s nltrn i`s bdrj`s cn prnp`r`ogÿl glbus glbusgÿ gÿll y cn cnodo odoog ogÿl. ÿl. _n gc gcnl nltg tgbg bgo` o`rdl rdl pi pi`lt `lt`s `s jn jncg cgog ogl` l`in inss qu qunn pu puncn ncnll sn snrr pr prdj djgs gsdrg drg`s `s tnr`pçutgo`jnltn pdr lunvds usds rnpdrt`cds, nltrn nii`s ’`im`e`o`‚, ’o`içlcui`‚, ’Ogcrÿl‚, ’odi` cn o`m`iid‚, ’j`lz`lgii` y drtgf`. I` pdmi`ogÿl nstucg`c` pdr o`c` uld cn ids gltnfr`ltns cni nqugpd cn nstucg`ltns pucd `l`igz`r  i`s prglogp`ins b`inlog` qun sn prnsnlt`l odl ni usd cn nst`s pi`lt`s y` qun sg mgnl `iful`s cn i`s  pnrsdl`s nltrnvgst`c`s odldonl odl donl i`s prdpgnc`cns mnlçbgo`s p`r` i` s`iuc, ld tgnlnl odjpint`jnltn oi`rd ni jdcd cn `cjglgstr`ogÿl, odltr`glcgo`ogdlns n gltnr`oogdlns qun sn puncnl prnsnlt`r  cur`ltn i` `cjglgstr`ogÿl cn i`s pi`lt`s8 y juoeds cn niids sn m`s`l sdi`jnltn nl i`s vgvnlog`s, y` qun ld ounlt`l odl ul odldogjgnltd ognltêbgod cni usd cn i`s jgsj`s qun punc` c`r odlbg`lz` qun sn nstàl `cjglgstr`lcd odjd cnmn snr.  Ld odjprnlcnl qun i`s pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins snfûl su cdsgs, `cjglgstr`ogÿl, b`otdrns prdpgds odjd `igjnlt`ogÿl, nlbnrjnc`cns `sdog`c`s puncnl do`sgdl`r nbnotds ld cnsn`cds y e`st` cnsjnkdr`r i`s odlcgogdlns cn s`iuc.

 

K^_SGBGO@OGDL Glvnstgf`jds nstn tnj` y ni sgflgbgo`cd ` lgvni jncgogl`i cn i`s pi`lt`s, e`l sgcd cn ul v`idr y cn ul o`igmrn fr`lcn ni ou`i sn vn rnbink`cd nl ids jncgo`jnltds qun sgrvnl p`r` `igvg`r  cgbnrnltns cgbnrn ltns p`tdidfê` p`tdidfê`s, s, lds cgjds ounlt` odjd sdl utgigz`c`s utgigz`c`s cgstglt`s cgstglt`s pi`lt`s pi`lt`s p`r` i`s jgsj`s jgsj`s d cgbnrnltns nlbnrjnc`cns y ni prdonsd d utgigz`ogÿl qun sn ins c`. Glvnstgf`r Glvnstg f`r nstn tnj` y ni sgflgbgo sgflgbgo`cd `cd ` lgvni jncgo jncgogl`i gl`i cn i`s pi`lt`s, pi`lt`s, e`l sgcd cn ul fr`l v`idr, ni ou`i sn vn rnbink`cd nl ids jncgo`jnltds qun sgrvnl p`r` `igvg`r cgbnrnltns p`tdidfê`s, lds cgjds ounlt` odjd sdl utgigz`c`s cgstglt`s pi`lt`s p`r` i`s jgsj`s d cgbnrnltns nlbnrjnc`cns y ni prdonsd d utgigz`ogÿl qun sn ins c`. Ni ouitgvd cn pi`lt`s prnsnlt` `spnotds y `pigo`ogdlns pràotgo`s juy v`rg`c`s nltrn i`s qun sn cn cnst st`o `o`` i` prdcu prdcuoo oogÿ gÿll cn jnt` jnt`md mdig igtd tdss snoul snoulc` c`rg rgds ds cn pi pi`l `lt` t`s, s, _n e` rn rnvn vni` i`cd cd odj odjdd ul ul`` gl`prnog`min `yuc` nl dtrds o`jpds cn i` Bdtdquêjgo`, prglogp`ijnltn nl nstucgds mgdfnlçtgods y nlzgjàtgods odjd bunltn p`r` ni `gsi`jgnltd cn jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds y odjnrog`ijnltn,  p`r` i` ràpgc` prdp`f`ogÿl cn i`s pi`lt`s cn gltnrçs. @cnjàs, tgnln ul `jpigd usd nl ni jnkd jn kdr`j r`jgn gnlt ltdd fn fnlç lçtg tgod od cn pi pi`lt `lt`s, `s, nl i` dm dmtn tnlo logÿ gÿll cn oi oidl dlns ns ig igmr mrns ns cn jg jgor orddr ddrf` f`lg lgsj sjds ds  p`tÿfnlds, `sê odjd nl i` odlsnrv`ogÿl cn fnrjdpi`sj`, Nl cnbglgtgv`, nstn cdoujnltd ns ul` odltrgmuogÿl `i odldogjgnltd cn i` jncgogl` l`tur`i y sus pdsgmgigc`cns nl ni tnrrnld cn i`  prnvnlogÿl y ni jnkdr`jgnltd cn i` s`iuc. @sê odjd t`jmgçl snrvgrà p`r` i` odlsdigc`ogÿl cn glbdrj`ogÿl y odlonptds cn fr`l gjpdrt`log` p`r` ni cns`rrdiid cn i` `otgvgc`c cni ]nfnltn cn B`rj`og`8 B`rj`o g`8 ni ou`i ns ni nlo`rf`cd cn mrglc`r mrglc`rin in `snsdrê` ` i` odjulgc`c sdmrn nst`s glcgo`ogdlns glcgo`ogdlns Bgtd tnr`pçutgo`s y ni usd r`ogdl`i cn i`s pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins.

 

J`p`s jnlt`ins ninfgcds pdr ni frupd. Ni`mdr`r ul j`p` jnlt`i cdlcn rnsuj` i`s prglogp`ins o`r`otnrêstgo`s quêjgo`s y b`rj`odiÿfgo`s cn ids sgfugnltns frupds cn jnt`mdigtds; tnrpnlds, odjpunstds bnlÿigods, figoÿsgcds y `io`idgcns (rut` jnt`mÿigo` qun ids fnlnr`, oi`sgbgo`ogÿl). @pdy`rsn nl ids sgfugnltns cdoujnltds; F`roê` y O`rrgi. (=100) y ]dcrêfunz, N. (=10?)

_G]INW G]DMD ]DK@_ Cgspdlgmin nl; ettps;//www.fdodlqr.odj/ns/jglcj`p/=260>1>5/Jnt`mdigtds-snoulc`rgds-nl-i`spi`lt`s

 

=. Ni`mdr`r ul j`p` jnlt`i cdlcn rnsuj` i`s `oogdlns cn ids cgbnrnltns jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds sdmrn i`s pi`lt`s, `sê odjd t`jmgçl ni pdtnlog`i tnr`pçutgod qun `ifulds puncnl tnlnr sdmrn ni drf`lgsjd euj`ld. Q`r` id ou`i sn sufgnrn rnvgs`r ids cdoujnltds cn; O`stgiid, (=112)8 Kgjçlnz, Cuodglf & _ds`, (=11?)8 y Qnr`it`, O`mrnr` & Qçrnz, (=10?).

J`p` =; _G]INW G]DMD ]DK@_ Cgsp Cgspdl dlgm gmiin nl; nl;

ettps;//www.fdodlqr.odj/ns-N_/jglcj`p/=27670=>/@oogdlns-cn-ids-jnt`mdigtds-

snoulc`rgds-sdmrn-i`s-pi`lt`s

 

_G]INW G]DMD ]DK@_ ODCGFD; ?>5753=? S`mi` =. 0 =

Q`tdidfê` Ldjmrn pdpui`r Qi`lt`

Ogo`trgons O`içlcui`

 

?

Ldjmrn ognltêbgod (snfûl

O`içlcui` dbbgogl`igs I.

ni

v`cnjçouj) 3

cn

i` Q`rtn utgigz`c`; sdl i`s àrn`s. tdc` i` pi`lt` edk`s t`iids gloiusgvn

utgigz`ri`, p`rtn cn

sg i` r`êz nstà nl munl` odlcgogÿl sn puncn trgtur`r y dmtnlnjds ul

i` pi`l pi`ltt` qu qunn sn

juy munl sdivnltn i` bdrj` cn utgigz`r i` pi`lt` ns i` sgfugnltn sn

utgigz` y tgnjpd cn

odido`l ids t`iids d i`s edk`s jàs rdmust`s sn cnk`l nl `fu` ul`s

utgi ut gigz gz`o `ogÿ gÿll

cds d trns edr`s iunfd sn cnpdsgt`l nl ul jdrtnrd y sn trgtur`l

Bdrj`

(s (sdi didd

s`mnrns pdpui`rns)

 juy mgnl e`st` dmtnlnr bdrj` cn ornj` ni tgnjpd cn cur`ogÿl cni tr`t`jgnltd ns cn jàs d jnlds 0> cê`s

>

]nodjnlc`ogdlns

iunfd sn nspnr` ul pnrgdcd cn 0> cê`s p`r` rntdj`r i` tnr`pg` lunv`jnltn. Snlnr ougc`cd sg sn ldt` `iful` oi`sn cn `inrfg` `i jdjnltd cn

y/dd prn y/ prno` o`uog uogdl dlns ns  pdlnr i` j`onr`ogÿl cn i` pi`lt` nl i` zdl` qun sn qugnrn ogo`trgz`r  c`c`s

2

pdr

ni

d sg sn odlsujn i` sust`log` y sn dmsnrv`l rn`oogdlns

nltrnvgst`cd

cnsb`vdr`mins suspnlcnr cn gljncg`td y odlsujgr m`st`ltn `fu`

(s`mnrns

 p`r` nigjgl`r ids jnt`mdigtds cn i` pi`lt`.

 pdpui`rns) Q`rtn cn i` pi`lt`

I`s bidrns sn us`l pdr sus prdpgnc`cns `ltgbidfêstgo`, `ltgsçptgo`,

utgigz`c` (snfûl ni `ltgnsp`sjÿcgo`, `strglfnltn, cg`bdrçtgo`, `ltgm`otnrg`l`, R`cnjçouj) ogo`trgz`ltn, `ltgglbi`j`tdrg`, njnl`fdf` ngljuldjdcui`cdr`. _n njpin`l nl o`sd cn `olç, odltusgdlns, fdipns, tdroncur`s, noznj`s, qunj`cur`s, pgo`cur`s cn glsnotds, grrgt`ogdlns outàln`s, `jnldrrn`, cgsjnldrrn` y vuivdv`fglgtgs (Oàonrns @., 07728 ]dgf K., 07758 @fugi` M.y odi., =1118 Idrnlzg E.y odi., =11=8 6

Glcgo`ogdlns

Cni ]gd Q., =11>8 Hr`pp H., =11>). ^sd gltnrld; @ltgglbi`j`tdrgd. Sr`t`jgnltd cn `itnr`ogdlns

(snfûl ni

glbi`j`tdrg`s muodb`rêlfn`s. ^sd nxtnrld; @ltgglbi`j`tdrgd,

R`cnjçouj)

ogo`trgz`ltn. Sr`t`jgnltd tÿpgod cn glbi`j`ogdlns cn pgni y

 

5

Qdsdidfê` (snfûl

juods`s. Jdcd cn njpind; Dr`i Nxtr`otd biugcd (0;0); =1-?1 fdt`s o`c` 5-

ni v`cnjçouj)

0= edr`s Sgltur` (0;01); 31-21 fdt`s o`c` 5 edr`s Glbusgÿl; =f/t`z`, =-? vnons `i cê` Qdivd cn bidrns cn o`içlcui`; ?11->11jf, 0-? vnons `i cê`. Jdcd cn njpind; Sÿpgod @pigo`r nl bdrj` cn

7

tgltur` d ulfùnltd v`rg`s vnons `i cê` ^sd gltnrld; @ltgglbi`j`tdrgd. Sr`t`jgnltd cn `itnr`ogdlns

Glcgo`ogdlns,  prno`uogdlns

n glbi`j`tdrg`s muodb`rêlfn`s. ^sd nxtnrld; @ltgglbi`j`tdrgd,

gltnr`oogdlns (snfûl

ogo`trgz`ltn. Sr`t`jgnltd tÿpgod cn glbi`j`ogdlns cn pgni y ni juods`s.

v`cnjçouj) 01

Gcnltgbgqun

i`s

cgbnrnlog`s cgbnrnl og`s nltrn

Qdr usd gltnrld; njm`r`zd y i`ot`log`. Qdr usd nxtnrld; puncn  prdcuogr grrgt`ogÿl n egpnrsnlsgmgigc`c.

ni s`mnr pdpui`r    I`s cgbnrnlog`s sdl juy sgjgi`rns sgjgi`rns puns ounlt`l ounlt`l odl glbdrj`ogÿl glbdrj`ogÿl y i` glbdrj`ogÿl  m`s`c` nl ni v`cnjçouj odlsuit`c` nl ni v`cnjçouj. Q`r` i` ou`i cnmn odjp`r`r

i`

glbd glbdrj rj`o `ogÿ gÿll

cn

i`s bgi`s; 0 odl i` bgi` 68 i` bgi` 3 odl i`s bgi`s 2 y 58 y i` bgi` > odl 00

i` 7. _gtgd ccnn ooddlsuit`,

Sgnlc` l`turgst` vnlt` cn pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins

ldjmrn

Nltrnvgst`cd @fustêl @l`odl` Jnlnsns nltrnvgst`cdr nstucg`ltn

cn

i`

Wnsgo` @inx`lcr` rds`c`.

 pnrsdl` odlsuit`c`

y

ldjmrn

cni

ns nsttucg ucg`ltn `ltn

qu qunn

 

odlsuitÿ 0=

i`

 pi`lt` _n nl nlounltr` nnll ni

R` R`cn cnjç jçou ouj j

cn

pi`lt`s

_g nl i` pàfgl` 21.

jncgogl`ins _/L

_G]INW G]DMD ]DK@_ ODCGFD; ?>5753=? S`mi` ?; ]ni`ogÿl nltrn ids jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds y i` `oogÿl tnr`pçutgo`  Ld Qi`lt` `sgfl`c` 0 Jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds (snfûl ni v`cnjçouj)

O`içlcui`. @ongtn nsnlog`i qun odltgnln o`rvdl`, o`rgdbginld, jnltdl`, gsdjnltdl`, tnrpglnld, o`cglnld, pnculoui`tgl`, o`rgdbginlontdl`, ΰy ν-gdldl`, ΰ-jurdinld, fnr`lgiontdl` y ids snqugtnrpnlds npgoumnmdi y `id`rdj`cnltrdi. Nst` nspnogn odltgnln `cnjàs o`rdtnldgcns (ν-o`rdtnld, vgdi`x`ltgl`, rumgx`ltgl`, ogtrdx`ltgl`, bi`vdx`ltgl`, iutngl`, igodpnld, `urdx`ltgl` y jgordx`ltgl`), bi`vdldgcns (rutnlÿsgcd, gsde`rjnltgl`, qunrontgl`, o`inlcdbiÿsgcd, o`inlcdbi`vdlÿsgcd, gsdqunrogtgl` y h`jbnrdi), trgtnrpnlds, s`pdlgl`s, àogcds bnlÿigods (oujàrgod, fnltêsgod, o`bngod, sgrêlfgod, v`glgiiêlgod, bnrûigod, p-egcrdxgmnlzdgod,

=

s`igoêigod y oidrdfçlgod), ouj`rgl`s. Oi`sgbgo`ogÿl ccnn iidds Ids jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds sdl juy ldt`mins nl i` O`inlcui` jnt`mdigtds

ounlt` odl jnt`mdigtds odjd

snoulc`rgds

`rgdbginld, jnltdl`, gsdjnltdl`,

nlodltr`cds nl ni

t`jmgçl nlodltr`jds ul tnrpnld tnrpglnld, o`cglnld,

v`cnjçouj, snfûl  pnculoui`tgl`, o`rgdbginlontdl`, ids sgfugnltns frupds; tnrpnlds,

t`jmgçl sn puncn nlodltr`r t`lglds prnsnltns nl i` pi`lt`

 

odjpunstds bnlÿigods, figoÿsgcds d ?

`io`idgcns ]ni`ogÿl nnlltrn ii``

I` rn`oogÿl tnr`pçutgo` cn i` pi`lt` odrrnspdlcn ` i` fr`l o`ltgc`c

`oogÿl d nbnotd tnr`pçutgod y ni ÿ

cn jnt`mdigtds qun pdsnn pdr id t`ltd sus `oogdlns tnr`pçutgo`s sdl nbgo`ons nl tdcds ids o`sds prnsnltns.

ids jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds gcnltgbgo`cds y 3

oi`sgbgo`cds Gcnltgbgo`r y

_g e`y odenrnlog` y` qun ni v`cnjçouj lds cnjunstr` qun ns ul`

cnsorgmgr sg e`y

 pi`lt` odl ul `itd glcgoç cn nbnotgvgc`c qun ounlt` odl juy

odenrnlog` nltrn i`  munlds jnt`mdigtds prgj`rgds y snoulc`rgds qun sdl juy pdo`s i`s glbdrj`ogÿl cn i`

rn`oogdlns `cvnrs`s y i` pi`lt` ns nbnotgv` nl juoe`s cdinlog`s

bgi` = y i` bgi` ?

cn ids p`ognltns.

(nxpigo`r)

>.

Gcnltgbgo`r i`s pdsgmins pràotgo`s ld `cnou`c`s rni`ogdl`c`s odl ni usd cn i` pi`lt`

jncgogl`i `sgfl`c`. Q`r` rn`igz`r nstn pultd o`c` nstucg`ltn, cnmn `l`igz`r i` glbdrj`ogÿl dmtnlgc` nl i` bgi` 01 cn i` t`mi` = y nl i` bgi` 3 cn i` t`mi` ?.

]nspunst`; O`içlcui` -

Odltr` Odl tr`glc glcgo` go`ogd ogdlns lns y prno prno`uo `uogdl gdlns. ns. Qdr usd gltnrl gltnrld; d;

sgriny grdmd rdk`s

i`ot`log`. Qdr usd nxtnrld; puncn prdcuogr grrgt`og grrgt`ogÿl ÿl n egpnrsnlsgmgigc`c. egpnrsnlsgmgigc`c. Gl Gltn tnr` r`oo oogÿ gÿll odl dtrd dtrdss jncgo jncgo`j `jnlt nltds ds.. Cnmgc Cnmgcdd

njm`r`z njm`r`zdd y

` i` prnsnl prnsnlog og`` cn

 

juoêi`fds puncn nxgstgr ni rgnsfd cn rntr`s`r d cgsjglugr i` `msdrogÿl dr`ii cn `if dr` `ifulds ulds prg prglog logpgd pgdss `otgvd `otgvds. s. I` o`içlcu o`içlcui` i` puncn puncn pdt pdtnlog nlog`r `r ni nbnotd cn bàrj`ods snc`ltns, egpdfigonjg`ltns n egpdodinstnrdinjg`ltns (Fndogtgns, =1168 Njdry En`iteo`rn, =116 Odjd ns mgnl s`mgcd, tdcd id qun our`, t`jmgçl puncn c`ð`r sg sn tdj` nl cdsgs gl`cnou`c`s d pdr pnrsdl`s odl cntnrjgl`c`s prdpnlsgdlns, y i` enrjds` o`içlcui` ld sn nso`p` cn t`i odlsgcnr`ogÿl. Nst`s sdl i`s  prno`uogdlns qun e`y qun tdj`r odl i` o`içlcui` y i`s sgtu`ogdlns cdlcn nstà odltr`glcgo`c`; @ b` b`it it`` cn ns nstu tucg cgds ds rg rgfu furd rdsd sdss qu qunn id od odlt ltr` r`cg cgf` f`l, l, id idss nx nxpn pnrt rtds ds rnodjgnlc`l nvgt`r nst` pi`lt` cur`ltn ni njm`r`zd y i` i`ot`log`. _u nbnotd njnl`fdfd d rnfui`rgz`cdr cn i` jnlstru`ogÿl pdcrê` prnsnlt`r  `ifûl glodlvnlgnltn, y nl ou`iqugnr o`sd sn gjpdln i` prucnlog` ` i` edr` cn nvgt`r ni jêlgjd rgnsfd p`r` i` njm`r`z`c`. Qdr Qdr su od odlt ltnl nlgc gcdd nl t` t`lg lgld lds, s, pd pdtn tnlo log` g`ij ijnl nltn tn gr grrg rgt` t`lt ltns ns ` lg lgvn vnii f` f`st strd rdgl gltn tnst stgl gl`i `i,, sn cn cnmn mnll nv nvgt gt`r `r i` i`ss cd cdsg sgss `it` `it`ss cn o` o`iç içlc lcui ui`` y id idss tr`t`jgnltds prdidlf`cds pdr vê` dr`i. _g sn nstà tdj`lcd ul tr`t`jgnltd b`rj`odiÿfgod sn cnmnrà odlsuit`r odl ni jçcgod sg ns pdsgmin tdj`r nst` pi`lt`, puns `ifulds nstucgds qun sg sgfun funll nl `ot `otgv gvdd e`l cn cntn tnot ot`c `cdd qu qunn nst` nst` pi pi`l `lt` t` `ujnlt `ujnlt`` ni nb nbnot notdd sdjlêbnrd cn ids snc`ltns odlvnlogdl`ins.

G_@MNI O]G_SGLS@ RNIÀ_P^N[ _N]L@ S@MI@ = 0

Q`tdidfê`

 @jgfc`igtgs

=

Ldjmrn pdpui`r cn i` pi`lt`

 @oegdtn

 

?

Ldjmrn ognltêbgod snfûl ni R`cnjçouj Bdrj` cn utgigz`ri`, p`rtn cn i` pi`lt` qun sn utgigz` y tgnjpd cn utgigz`ogÿl (sdid s`mnrns pdpui`rns)

Mgx` Drnii`l` I.

>

]nodjnlc`ogdlns y/d prno`uogdlns c`c`s pdr ni nltrnvgst`cd (s`mnrns pdpui`rns)

Lglful`

2

Q`rtn cn i` pi`lt` utgigz`c` (snfûl ni R`cnjçouj) Glcgo`ogdlns (s (snfûl ni ni R`cnjçouj) Qdsdidfê` (snfûl ni v`cnjçouj) Glcgo`ogdlns, prno`uogdlns n gltnr`oogdlns (snfûl ni v`cnjçouj) Gcnltgbgqun i`s cgbnrnlog`s nltrn ni s`mnr pdpui`r y i` glbdrj`ogÿl odlsuit`c` nl ni v`cnjçouj. Q`r` i` ou`i cnmn odjp`r`r i` glbdrj`ogÿl cn i`s bgi`s; 0 odl i` bgi` 68

I`s edk`s

3

6 5 7

01

00

0=

i` bgi` 3 odl i`s bgi`s 2 y 58 y i` bgi` > odl i` 7. _gtgd cn odlsuit`, ldjmrn cn i` pnrsdl` odlsuit`c` y ldjmrn cni nstucg`ltn qun odlsuitÿ i` pi`lt`

_n nlounltr` n nl l ni R`cnjçouj cn pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins _/L (odido`r ni

Glbusgÿl

I`s edk`s sn njpin`l nl o`sds cn fdldrrn`, `bnoogdlns cn i` f`rf`lt` y odjd `ltgnjçtgod, Jdcd cn njpind; Sÿpgod, `pigo`r ul` d jàs vnons nl ni cê` ^sd nxtnrld, `ltgglbi`j`tdrgd y ogo`trgz`ltn

Nltrn i` pi`lt` y i` p`tdidfê`, odjp`r`lcd ids s`mnrns pdpui`rns y ni v`cnjçouj sg sn odglogcn nl i` glcgo`ogÿl. Gloiusd id qun sn us` cn i` pi`lt` t`jmgçl odglogcn nl qun sdl i`s edk`s. Nl id qun cgbgnrn ns qun i` pnrsdl` nltrnvgst`c` cgkd qun glbusgÿl, pnrd ni v`cnjçouj cgon qun su ni usd sdid puncn snr nxtnrld.

Lgcg` Mnk`r`ld i` pnrsdl` nltrnvgst`c` pdr Gs`mni Orgstgl` Rniàsqunz _nrl`

_g nl i` pàfgl` # 0

 

lûjnrd cn i` pàfgl` cni R`cnjçouj cdlcn nlodltrÿ i` pi`lt`) S@MI@ Ld Q? i`lt` @sgfl`c` 0

=

?

3

Jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds (snfûl ni v`cnjçouj) Oi`sgbgo`ogÿl cn ids jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds nlodltr`cds nl ni v`cnjçouj, snfûl ids sgfugnltns frupds; tnrpnlds, odjpunstds bnlÿigods, figoÿsgcds d `io`idgcns ]ni`ogÿl nltrn i` `oogÿl d nbnotd tnr`pçutgod y ni ÿ ids jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds gcnltgbgo`cds y oi`sgbgo`cds Gcnltgbgo`r y cnsorgmgr sg e`y odenrnlog` nltrn i` glbdrj`ogÿl cn i` bgi` = y i` bgi` ? (nxpigo`r)

 @oegdtn Odjpunstds bnlÿigods, tnrpnldgcns, bi`vdldgcns, s`pdlgl`s. Odjpunstds bnlÿigods ; Nl bulogÿl cni frupd cn dxgc`ogÿl; bi`vdldgcns, bi`vdl`s, bi`vdldins, gsdbi`vdl`s. Snrpnlds; _nfûl ni gsdprnld (>O) Jdldtnrpnlds, snsqugtnrpnlds, cgtnrpnrlds, trgtnrpnlds, tntr`tnrpnlds, pdigtnrpnlds. Figoÿsgcds. _`pdlgl`s, figoÿsgcds o`rcg`ods y og`lÿfnlds.

Odjpunstds bnlÿigods ; Qrdpgnc`cns our`tgv`s nl p`tdidfê`s glbi`j`tdrg`s. Snrpnlds; Ou`igc`cns `rdjàtgo`s, odjd ni jnltdi, ni nuo`igptd, qun puncnl t`jmgçl `yuc`r odl ni tnj` cn `jgfc`igtgs. Bi`vdldgcns; Sgnln prdpgnc`cns gjpdrt`ltns `ltgglbi`j`tdrg`s, `ltg`içrfgods, `ltgvgr`i, Ns tdt`ijnltn odenrnltn, ids jnt`mdigtds snoulc`rgds nlodltr`cds nl i` pi`t` y i` `oogÿl d ni nbnotd tnr`pçutgod cn o`c` uld cn niids, nstà odjpint`jnltn nlbdo`cd nl i` p`tdidfê` nstucg`c`.

Gcnltgbgo`r i`s pdsgmins pràotgo`s ld `cnou`c`s rni`ogdl`c`s odl ni usd cn i` pi`lt` jncgogl`i sninoogdl`c`. Q`r` rn`igz`r nstn pultd o`c` nstucg`ltn, cnmn `l`igz`r i` glbdrj`ogÿl dmtnlgc` nl i` i ` bgi` 01 cn i` t`mi` = y nl i` bgi` 3 cn i` t`mi` ?. I` pi`lt` odjd t`i, nstà mgnl nlbdo`c` nl i` p`tdidfê` nstucg`c` qun ns i` `jgf `j gfc` c`iigt gtgs gs,, od odj jd id en enjd jds s cg cgoe oed d ids ids od odjp jpun unst std ds bn bnlÿ lÿig igod ods s tgn tgnln lnl l prdpgn prd pgnc`c c`cns ns `lt `ltgglb gglbi`j i`j`td `tdrg` rg`s s gfu gfu`i `i qun ids bi` bi`vdl vdldgcn dgcns, s, `cnjàs `cnjàs odl ids tnrpnlds y sus prdpgnc`cns `rdjàtgo`s sdl ni odjpinjnltd gcn`i. Nl ou`ltd ` i`s j`i`s pràotgo`s y qun jn cnk` odl ul pdod cn cuc`, ns qun ni v`cnjçouj rno`io` qun ni jçtdcd cn usd ns ûlgo`jnltn tÿpgod, y ni

 

s`mnr pdpui`r id rnodjgnlc` nl glbusgÿl.

ODLOI^_GDLN_ 

I` b`rj`odfldsg` inkds cn snr ul nstucgd divgc`cd d ’vgnkd‚ sn e` odlvnrtgcd nl ul` cn i`s r`j`s jàs gjpdrt`ltns cn i` b`rj`odidfê`, vdivgnlcd `i usd cn ids odjpdlnltns l`tur`ins cn i`s pi`lt`s, muso`lcd lunvds odjpunstds y v`igc`lcd ids nxgstnltns fr`og`s ` i`s lunv`s tnoldidfê`s.



Id qun pdcnjds odloiugr odl ni cns`rrdiid cn i` `otgvgc`c, ns qun pdcnjds mrglc`r lunv`s `itnrl`tgv`s cn jncgo`jnltds `igjnlt`c`s pdr i`s ornnlog`s pdpui`rns qugnlns nl ul  prglogpgd ld tnlê` m`sns ognltêbgo`s pnrd qun `edr` `e dr` jàs qun lulo` sn e`l pdc pdcgcd gcd odjprdm`r sus `io`lons, pdr niid id qun lds jdtgv` ` glvnstgf`r ns rns`it`r y bdrt`inonr i` odlbg`lz` qun sn in tgnln ` cgbnrnltn pi`lt`s, vnfnt`ins y dtrds `lgj`ins y ninjnltds qun nlodltr`jds nl ni bdlcd cni j`r nlodltràlcdsn odjd ul prdcuotd l`tur`i ni ou`i ns cn bàogi `oonsd pdr snr nodlÿjgod mrglc`lcd ` su vnz ` i` ognlog` jçcgo` lunv`s tndrê`s `onro` cn i`s prdpgnc`cns cn `l`ifçsgods y dtrds rnjncgds, `cnjàs cn mrglc`rins ul` lunv` bdrj` cn `pigo`og `pigo`ogÿl, ÿl, nltrn dtrds mnlnbgogds, qun `ltns nr`l cnsodldogcds pdr b`it` cn prndoup`ogÿl y odldogjgnltd cn lunstrd nltdrld l`tur`i.



Odl nstn tr`m`kd sn odloiuyn i` gjpdrt`log` cn i`s pi`lt`s p`r` ni usd jncgogl`i, y ids cgbnrnltns usds qun sn ins puncn c`r p`r` cgvnrs`s p`tdidfê`s.



_n nlodltrÿ i` gjpdrt`log` cn i` b`rj`odfldsg` nl i` jncgogl`, ids nstucgds qun sn nlo`rf` cn odldonr i`s j`tnrg`s prgj`s cn drgfnl l`tur`i p`r` i` rn`igz`ogÿl cn jûitgpins jncgo`jnltds nl i` glcustrg` b`rj`oçutgo`, y t`jmgçl sn nstucgÿ v`rg`s cnbglgogdlns odjd  pi`lt` jncgogl`i, crdf`, prglogpgd `otgvd, y i` B`rj`odfldsg` r`j` qun sn nlo`rf` cn i` rnodpgi`c` y sno`cd cn i`s pi`lt`s.

 

]NBN]NLOG@_ MGMIGDF]ÀBGO@_ Odrtnz, R., J`oncd, K.Q., Enrlàlcnz, J., @rtn`f`, F., Nspglds`, C. & ]dcrêfunz, K.B. (=113). B`rj`odfldsg`; mrnvn egstdrg` cn sus drêfnlns y su rni`ogÿl odl i`s ognlog`s jçcgo`s. ]nvgst` Mgdjçcgo`, 0>, 0=?-0?2 ]noupnr`cd cn ettp;//rnvgst`mgdjncgo`.jx/glcnx.pep/rnvmgdjnc/`rtgoin/vgnw/?50  ettp;//rnvgst`mgdjncgo`.jx/glcnx.pep/rnvmgdjnc/`rtgoin/vgnw/?50  C.b`rj`og`.odj, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettp;//www.cb`rj`og`.odj/b`rj`/otiTsnrvint4Tb:?6&gc:0?10>37= Nbnotds snoulc`rgds cn i`s pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettps;//www.jncgd`jmgnltn.lnt/nbnotds-snoulc`rgds-cn-i`s-pi`lt`s-jncgogl`ins/ Fgr`icd, _.N. (=102). Gjpdrt`log` cn i` B`rj`odfldsg` p`r` ni cnsoumrgjgnltd cn prglogpgds `otgvds XDRGZ. ^lgvnrsgc`c L`ogdl`i @mgnrt` y ` Cgst`log`. ]noupnr`cd cn ettp;//eci.e`lcin.lnt/01>72/7731 Fdlzàinz, O.N (=107). Qrglogpgds cn i` B`rj`odnrf`sg` XDRGZ. ^lgvnrsgc`c L`ogdl`i @mgnrt` y ` ettp;//eci.e`lcin.lnt/01>72/=?630.. Cgst`log`. ]noupnr`cd cn ettp;//eci.e`lcin.lnt/01>72/=?630 Fgr`icd, _.N. (=102). Gjpdrt`log` cn i` B`rj`odfldsg` p`r` ni cnsoumrgjgnltd cn prglogpgds `otgvds XDRGZ. ^lgvnrsgc`c L`ogdl`i @mgnrt` y ` Cgst`log`. ]noupnr`cd cn ettp;//eci.e`lcin.lnt/01>72/7731 Fdlzàinz, O.N (=107). Qrglogpgds cn i` B`rj`odnrf`sg` XDRGZ. ^lgvnrsgc`c L`ogdl`i @mgnrt` y ` Cgst`log`. ]noupnr`cd cn ettp;//eci.e`lcin.lnt/01>72/=?630 ettp;//eci.e`lcin.lnt/01>72/=?630.. Enrm`rgd ^OD, nsp`cgii`, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettps;//www.uod.ncu.od/enrm`rgduod/Igsts/O`t`idfd%=1Rgrtu`i/CgspBdrj.`spx4

 

GC:35&]ddtBdicnr:%=@ Jglgstnrgd cn _`iuc y Qrdtnoogÿl _dog`i, ]npdsgtdrgd Glstgtuogdl`i Cgfgt`i (=115). R`cnjçouj Odidjmg`ld cn Qi`lt`s Jncgogl`ins. ]noupnr`cd cn ettps;//www.jgls`iuc.fdv.od/sgtns/rgc/0/R`cnjnouj%=1Odidjmg`ld%=1cn%=1Qi`lt`s %=1Jncgogl`ins.QCB Jgs rnjncgds. _gtgd wnm rnoupnr`cd cn; ettp;//jgsrnjncgds.odj/sust`log`s/drnf`ld-drgf`luj-vuif`rn/ Jdr`ins, ]. (0772). b`rj`odidfê` y b`rj`odfldsg` odjd bunltn cn v`igc`ogÿl y odltr`stn nl ntldmdtàlgo`. Dmtnlgcd cn bgin;///O;/^snrs/EQ/Cdwlid`cs/Cg`ilntB`rj`odidfg`WB`rj`odfldsg`OdjdBunltnsCnR`igc`ogdlW-0565??.pcb  Qrdpgnc`cns cn i`s `ltr`qugldl`s, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettp;//www.mdt`lgo`i-dligln.odj/`ltr`qugldl`s.etj @sdog`ogÿl cn juknrns cn pi`lt`s jncgogl`ins, nsp`cgii`, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettp;//juknrnss`lvgonltn.midfspdt.odj/p/midf-p`fn.etji Qi`lt`s us`c`s odjd jncgogl`s nl ni `itgpi`ld cni drgnltn `ltgdqunðd, nsp`cgii`, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettps;//gssuu.odj/enrm`rgdeu`/cdos/pi`lt`sTus`c`sTodjdTjncgogl`insTnlT  ]dcrêfunz, N., Mgdpe`rj`onutgo`i. (=10?). Qrglogpgds cn B`rj`odfldsg` p`rtn 0. XDRGZ. ^lgvnrsgc`c @ltdlgd Kdsç O`j`oed (O`ig). ]noupnr`cd cn ettps;//www.ydutumn.odj/w`toe4 v:`?]qW0762js _`iv`cdr O@ÐGF^N]@I, N. C. (1= cn 10 cn =11?). Qi`lt`s jncgogl`ins y bgtdtnr`pg`. Dmtnlgcd cn ettps;//www.rnsn`roef`tn.lnt/prdbgin/_`iv`cdrTO`lgfunr`i/pumigo`tgdl/=??7260=5TQi`lt`sT  Jncgogl`insTyTBgtdtnr`pg`Glcgo`cdrnsTcnTCnpnlcnlog`TdTB`otdrnsTcnTCns`rrdiid/iglhs/1=  mbn>1c670o31b30>111111.pcb   mbn>1c670o31b30>111111. pcb  Snrpnlds, rnoupnr`cd cn; ettp;//tnrpnlntnoe.odj/4p`fnTgc:=67&i`lf:ns R`cnjçouj ettps;//www.i`mb`rvn.odj/glcnx.pep/pi`lt`s-jncgogl`ins/#/ ettps;//www.i`mb`rvn.odj/glcnx.pep/pi`lt`s-jncgogl`ins/#/