Farmacologia E-Book
February 26, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Cprdmnc slgrd flol sugstçmf`cs quïo`fcs `mtdrcido flo ls s`stdocs g`lböi`fls x
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CTBC 3 Hãrocfl ; sugstçmf`c quïo`fc nd dstruturc Hãrocfl; flmadf`nc qud, qucmnl cno`m`strcnc c uo lricm`sol v`vl, prlnuz dhd`tl g`lböi`fl: V`mtàt`fl, lgt`nl nd pbcmtcs/cm`oc`s lu prlnutl nd dmidmacr`c idmàt`fc:
Odn`fcodmtl ; prdpcrcéæl quïo`fc qud plnd Odn`fcodmtl; flmtdr oc`s nd uo hãrocfl d à cno`m`strcnl flo lgkdt`vl nd prlnuz`r dhd`tl tdrcpëut`fl
Flmtào dxf`p`dmtds, slbvdmtds, flmsdrvcmtds:
Odn`fcodmtl x Hãrocfl ODN@FCODM^L
HÃWOCFLV
DHD@^LV G@LBÖI@FLV
DHD@^LV ^DWCUËT^@FLV
A@V^ÖW@FL NC HCWOCFLBLI@C Drc mcturcb; flmadf`odmtl dopïr`fl gcsdcnl do pbcmtcs.
>455 c.F. ‖ Odslpltço`c; rdi`strls dsfr`tls nd 745 pbcmtcs odn`f`mc`s flol c pcplubc d c ocmnrãilrc: 3445 c.F. ‖ Di`tl; uo nls pr`od`rls rdi`strls a`stör`fls qud odmf`lmc l usl nd hãrocfls (Ucp`rl nd Dnw`m Vo`ta) d rdbctl nc hlroc nd prdpcrl d usl fdrfc nd 955 rdoàn`ls dxtrcïnls nd pbcmtcs flol rloæ, gcglsc, fdglbc, cbal, fldmtrl (Ucp`rl nd Dgdrs): 99 n.F.; N`lsför`nds dsfrdvdu "Vlgrd Octdr`cb Oàn`fl" flo 0>> prdpcrcéôds nd 849 nd pbcmtcs: 363-755 n.F.; Icbdml nd Uàricol dsfrdvd ‒Nrlics pcrcbdbcs‟: Vàf. QX; Ucrcfdbsl, humncnlr nc G`lquïo`fc d nc ^lx`flbli`c, dsfrdvdu ‒C nlsd hcz l vdmdml‟: Vàf QX@@-QX@@@ ‖ @buo`m`sol; pdmscodmtl f`dmtïh`fl d flmadf`odmtl h`s`lböi`fl: D
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A@V^ÖW@FL NC HCWOCFLBLI@C Drc s`mtàt`fc; hcrocflbli`c flol f`ëmf`c
315>; Hr`dnr`fa Vdrtòrmdr `slbc c olrh`mc: 3139; Fcrb B`mmcdus `slbc c dstr`qu`m`mc: 3175; U`drrd-Klsdpa Udbbdt`dr d Klsdpa G`dmc`oà Fcvdmtlu `slbco l qu`m`ml uscnl ml trctcodmtl nc ocbãr`c: 3171; Klacmm Gufamdr `slbc c scb`f`b`mc uscnc ml trctcodmtl nd nlrds d hdgrd: 31>9; Wunlbh Gufaad`o humnc l pr`od`rl `mst`tutl nd Hcrocflbli`c:
3109; Hdb`x Alhhocmm s`mtdt`zc c csp`r`mc c pcrt`r nl ãf`nl scb`fïb`fl: 3067; Klsdh Jbcrdr d Hr`tz O`dtzsfa s`mtdt`zco l prlmtls`b prdfurslr nls cmt`g`öt`fls:
A@V^ÖW@FL NC HCWOCFLBLI@C Drc g`ltdfmlböi`fc; cvcméls mc hcrocflbli`c
3091; Idmdmtdfa prlnuz `msub`mc auocmc c pcrt`r nd D. Flb` flo NMC rdflog`mcmtd: 3013; Idmdmtdfa prlnuz alroþm`l frdsf`odmtl (IA) flo NMC rdflog`mcmtd:
nd
3005; Ur`od`rc tdmtct`vc nd tdrcp`c iëm`fc: Ctucb`ncnd ^DWCUËT^@FC NC FBÏM@FC OÀN@FC
UV@FLBLI@C
ODN@F@MC XD^DW@MÃW@C
G@L^DFMLBLI@C
Hcrocflf`màt`fc/ odtcglb`sol nls hãrocfls
Hcrocflbli`c olbdfubcr
HCWOÃF@C
UC^LBLI@C
ST@O@FC
Hcrocflbli`c g`lqu`o`fc
HCWOCFLBLI@C
Su`o`ltdrcp`c
Hcrocflbli`c nls s`stdocs Mdurlhcocflbli`c
Hcrocflbli`c fcrn`lvcsfubcr @oumlhcrocflbli`c
IDMÀ^@FC
IDMÞO@FC
Hcrocflbli`c icstrl`mtdst`mcb
Hcrocflbli`c rdsp`rctör`c
DU@NDO@LBLI@C FBÏM@FC
DFLMLO@C NC VCÛND
Flol cido ls hãrocfls ‒To hãrocfl mæl ci`rã, c odmls qud dstdkc b`icnl.‟ - Ucub Darb`fa
@mtdrcéôds quïo`fcs dmtrd hãrocfls d tdf`nls; Wdfdptlrds: Dmz`ocs: Olbàfubcs trcmsplrtcnlrcs: Fcmc`s `þm`fls: @mtdrcéæl hãrocfl-rdfdptlr; b`icéæl plnd lu mæl rdsubtcr mc ct`vcéæl nl rdfdptlr: Mc ct`vcéæl l rdfdptlr à chdtcnl pdbl hãrocfl, cbtdrcmnl sdu floplrtcodmtl d ndsdmfcndcmnl uoc rdsplstc tdf`nucb: Nl`s hctlrds `mhbudmf`co mc b`icéæl d ct`vcéæl nl rdfdptlr; Ch`m`ncnd; b`icéæl:
Dh`fãf`c; ct`vcéæl: Mc ct`vcéæl l rdfdptlr à chdtcnl pdbl hãrocfl, cbtdrcmnl sdu floplrtcodmtl d ndsdmfcndcmnl uoc rdsplstc tdf`nucb: Ultëmf`c; flopcrcéæl dmtrd hãrocfls.
CILM@V^C; sd b`ic d fcusc rdsplstc. CILM@V^C; ^ltcb; rdsplstc oãx`oc, odsol sdo lfupcr 355% nls rdfdptlrds: Ucrf`cb; rdsplstc sugoãx`oc, odsol flo lfupcéæl nd 355% nls rdfdptlrds D
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@mvdrsl; rdsplstc lplstc
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CM^CILM@V^C; sd b`ic, mæl fcusc rdsplstc d `opdnd b`icéæl nl cilm`stc
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@rrdvdrsïvdb; cmtcilm`stc mæl sd n`sslf`c lu sd n`sslf`c ou`tl bdmtcodmtd nl rdfdptlr d odsol flo cuodmtl nc nlsd nl cilm`stc, mæl acvdrã b`icéæl
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Wdvdrsïvdb; flo cuodmtl nc flmfdmtrcéæl nl cilm`stc, aã ndsblfcodmtl nl cmtcilm`stc, b`icéæl nl cilm`stc
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@mtdrcéæl hãrocfl-rdfdptlr; hãrocfl-rdfdptlr; b`icéæl plnd lu mæl rdsubtcr mc ct`vcéæl nl rdfdptlr.
To ndtdro`mcnl hãrocfl b`ic-sd prdhdrdmf`cbodmtd do ndtdro`mcnl rdfdptlr, css`o flol rdfdptlrds dspdfïh`fls rdflmadfdo cpdmcs uoc fbcssd nd hãrocfls: Mæl dx`std hãrocfl flopbdtcodmtd dspdfïh`fl Cuodmtl nd nlsd hcvlrdfd c b`icéæl `mdspdfïh`fc nd uo hãrocfl Dhd`tls flbctdrc`s. Odmlr pltëmf`c, oc`s dhd`tls flbctdrc`s: Glms hãrocfls prdf`sco sdr l oc`s dspdfïh`fl plssïvdb:
To odsol hãrocfl plnd sdr cilm`stc tltcb do ndtdro`mcnl tdf`nl d cilm`stc pcrf`cb lu cmtcilm`stc do lutrl tdf`nl: Mûodrl nd rdfdptlrds, mcturdzc nl cflpbcodmtl d t`pl nd rdsplstc
OLNTBCÉÆL ND WDVULV^C OLNTBCÉÆL CBLV^ÀW@FC; hãrocfls sd b`ico mc rdi`æl cblstàr`fc nl rdfdptlr d `mhbudmf`co suc rdsplstc Cuodmtl/n`o`mu`éæl nc ch`m`ncnd cilm`stcrdfdptlr, cbtdrcéæl nc dh`fãf`c, idrcéæl nd rdsplstc `mndpdmndmtd
CM^CILM@VOL STÏO@FL; flog`mcéæl nd nucs sugstçmf`cs qud rdsubtc mc pdrnc nc ct`v`ncnd nl hãrocfl Sudbcmtds, `mhb`x`ocgd (cmt`-`mhbcoctör`l). CM^CILM@VOL HCWOCFLF@MÀ^@FL; rdnuéæl nc flmfdmtrcéæl nd uo hãrocfl do sdu blfcb nd céæl Cuodmtl nc vdblf`ncnd nl odtcglb`sol, rdnuéæl nc vdblf`ncnd nd cgslréæl icstrl`mtdst`mcb lu cuodmtl nc vdblf`ncnd nd db`o`mcéæl rdmcb
GBLSTD@L NC WDVULV^C; gblqud`l nc fcnd`c nd dvdmtls pös ct`vcéæl nl rdfdptlr qud bdvc c prlnuéæl nd rdsplstc pdbl cilm`stc Fdtco`mc CM^CILM@VOL H@V@LBÖI@FL; `mtdrcéæl dmtrd nl`s hãrocfls flo céôds lplstcs ml lricm`sol qud tdo flol rdsubtcnl cmubcéæl oûtuc nd dhd`tl A`stco`mc d lodprczlb. NDVVDMV@G@B@[CÉÆL D ^LBDWÇMF@C; rdnuéæl ircnucb nl dhd`tl nd uo hãrocfl cno`m`strcnl flmt`mucodmtd Ndssdms`g`b`zcéæl (rãp`nl), tlbdrçmf`c (bdmtl), rdhrctcr`dncnd (pdrnc nd dh`fãf`c tdrcpëut`fc) d rds`stëmf`c (cmt`o`frlg`cmls/cmt`mdlpbãs`fls).
CB^DWCÉÆL DO WDFDU^LWDV; cbtdrcéæl flmhlrocf`lmcb, hlshlr`bcéæl nd prltdïmcs lu `mtdrmcb`zcéæl nd rdfdptlrds (trcmsblfcéæl).
NDUBDÉÆL ND ODN@CNLWDV; sugstçmf`c `mtdrodn`ãr`c dssdmf`cb Cmhdtco`mc
ndpbdéæl
nd
CB^DWCÉÆL ML OD^CGLB@VOL; cno`m`strcéæl rdpdt`nc nd uoc odsoc nlsd nd uo hãrocfl bdvc rdnuéæl prlirdss`vc nc flmfdmtrcéæl pbcsoãt`fc Cuodmtl nl odtcglb`sol CNCU^CÉÆL H@V@LBÖI@FC; cbtdrcéæl nd dxprdssæl iëm`fc bdvcmnl c cmubcéæl nl dhd`tl nl hãrocfl Cbtdrcéæl nls mïvd`s nd olbàfubcs rdiubcnlrcs.
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`mtrlnuéæl l qud l lricm`sol flo l hãrocfl: Hcrocflf`màt`fc; vs. Hcrocfln`mço`fc; l qud hcz l hãrocfl hcz ml lricm`sol: Hcrocfln`mço`fc
Hãrocfl
Lricm`sol
Hcrocflf`màt`fc
Cno`m`strcéæl, cgslréæl, n`str`gu`éæl, odtcglb`sol d dxfrdéæl ^WCMVBLFCÉÆL ND OLBÀFTBCV Olbàfubcs nls hãrocfls sd olvdo pdbl lricm`sol nd nucs ocmd`rcs; Hbuxl nd ocsscs; flrrdmtd scmiuïmdc, hbuïnl b`mhãt`fl d bïqulr: olbàfubc
Mæl `oplrtc fcrcftdrïst`fcs quïo`fcs nc V`stdoc fcrn`lvcsfubcr
N`husæl; `mtdrcéæl olbàfubc-olbàfubc (furtcs n`stçmf`cs) N`hdrd ou`tl dmtrd n`hdrdmtds hãrocfls B`plsslbug`b`ncnd, tcocmal d fcric ncs olbàfubcs • N`husæl s`opbds lu plr trcmsplrtcnlrds
V`opbds; olbàfubcs sdo fcric d b`plsslbûvd`s N`hdrd dmtrd ls öriæls n`hdrdmtds t`pls nd odogrcmcs ^rcmsplrtcnlrds; fcrrdcnlrds d ndpdmndmtds nd C^U Fcrrdcnlrds -----= copbcodmtd n`str`guïnls Cmt`g`öt`fls, cmt`-`mhbcoctör`ls, cmt`mdlpbãs`fls Ndpdmndmtds nd C^U -----= tûgubls rdmc`s, fcmcbïfubls g`b`crds, ^I@, cströf`tls Odthlro`mc @mtdrcéæl nd hãrocfls Xcr`céæl idmàt`fc ---= pdrnc/cuodmtl nd rdsplstc
• Odogrcmcs fdbubcrds n`hdrdo dmtrd ls öriæls ‖ Flmst`tu`éæl d trcmsplrtcnlrds GAD d pbcfdmtc sæl odmls pdrodãvd`s ---= Urltdéæl flmtrc sugstçmf`cs töx`fcs d n`h`fubncnd pcrc n`str`gu`éæl d ct`v`ncnd nls hãrocfls Hïicnl d gcél cprdsdmtco dmnltàb`l mæl flmtïmul ----= B`vrd pcsscido
• Lutrls hctlrds plndo `mhbudmf`cr c céæl nls hãrocfls; B`icéæl c prltdïmcs pbcsoãt`fcs Oc`lr pcrtd nls hãrocfls sd dmflmtrc b`icnl å prltdïmcs ml pbcsoc scmiuïmdl (ct`vl ‖ b`vrd) Ct`v`ncnd d dh`fãf`c Cbguo`mc; flopdt`éæl nd hãrocfls prltdïmcs Ch`m`ncnd nl hãrocfl pdbc prltdïmc d flmfdmtrcéæl nd
• Lutrls hctlrds plndo `mhbudmf`cr c céæl nls hãrocfls; Ucrt`éæl mc ilrnurc flrplrcb ‖ Ircmnd flopcrt`odmtl cplbcr Hãrocfls cbtcodmtd b`plsslbûvd`s
Cno`m`strcéæl ciunc ---= Cmdstàs`fls idrc`s Cno`m`strcéæl frþm`fc ---= Gdmzln`czdpïm`fls d `msdt`f`ncs
•Lutrls hctlrds plndo `mhbudmf`cr c céæl nls hãrocfls; Ucrt`éæl do lutrls blfc`s Fblrlqu`mc - odbcm`mc Wdt`mc --= ^lx`f`ncnd lfubcr
Co`lncrlmc (crr`to`c fcrnïcfc) ‖ hïicnl d puboæl Adpct`td d h`grlsd ^dtrcf`fb`mc ‖ fãbf`l Lssls d ndmtds --= Mæl rdflodmncnl pcrc fr`cmécs CGVLWÉÆL D X@CV ND CNO@M@V^WCÉÆL Cgslréæl; pcsscido nl hãrocfl nl blfcb nd cno`m`strcéæl pcrc l pbcsoc --= Mæl cflmtdfd mc cno`m`strcéæl pdbc v`c `mtrcvdmlsc
• Odtcglb`sol nd pr`od`rc pcsscido; dmz`ocs odtcglb`zcnlrcs adpãt`fcs d `mtdst`mc`s cido slgrd l hãrocfl cmtds qud dbd fadiud mc flrrdmtd scmiuïmdc G`ln`splm`g`b`ncnd; hrcéæl nl hãrocfl qud fadic nd hlroc `mtcftc mc f`rfubcéæl
Fcrcftdrïst`fc nl hãrocfl, vcr`céæl ncs ct`v`ncnds dmz`oãt`fcs, pA iãstr`fl, olt`b`ncnd `mtdst`mcb - Urdpcrcéæl vs. @mn`vïnul vs. Lfcs`æl G`ldqu`vcbëmf`c; idmàr`fls ‖ GN 15%-374%
• X`cs nd cno`m`strcéæl; - Lrcb - Vugb`miucb - Wdtcb - Cpb`fcéæl; pdbd, förmdc, vci`mc, ouflsc mcscb - @mcbcéæl - @mkdéæl; sugfutçmdc, `mtrcousfubcr, `mtrcvdmlsc, `mtrctdfcb, `mtrcvïtrdc
• X`cs nd cno`m`strcéæl;
• X`cs nd cno`m`strcéæl d cgslréæl;
• X`c lrcb; oc`lr`c nls hãrocfls
Oc`lr pcrtd nc cgslréæl cflmtdfd ml `mtdst`ml 94% ‖ 3-6 alrcs
Flmtdûnl d olt`b`ncnd `mtdst`mcb, hbuxl scmiuïmdl, tcocmal d hlroubcéæl ncs pcrtïfubcs d `mtdrcéæl dmtrd hãrocfls
Hlroubcéôds dspdfïh`fcs; fãpsubcs/flopr`o`nls qud pdrocmdfdo `mtcftls plr vãr`cs alrcs (rdtcrncr cgslréæl), o`sturc nd floplmdmtds pcrc prlolvdr cgslréæl rãp`nc d sustdmtcnc (cno`m`strcéæl odmls hrdqudmtd)
Xcmflo`f`mc; plufc cgslréæl `mtdst`mcb ‖ trctcodmtl nd `mhdféæl plr Fblstr`n`uo
• X`c sugb`miucb; cgslréæl mc fcv`ncnd lrcb
-Dhd`tl rãp`nl
- Mæl tdo dhd`tl nd pr`od`rc pcsscido
- Hãrocfls `mstãvd`s do pA iãstr`fl lu rcp`ncodmtd odtcglb`zcnls pdbl hïicnl
• X`c rdtcb ‖ supls`tör`l
- Dhd`tl blfcb;
- Flb`td ubfdrct`vc
- Dhd`tl s`stëo`fl
- Sucnrl doàt`fl lu
- `mfcpcf`ncnd nd ndibut`éæl
- N`czdpco do fr`cmécs do qucnrl dp`bàpt`fl
• Cpb`fcéæl futçmdc - Dhd`tl blfcb; - Ulufc cgslréæl mc pdbd `mtcftc - Dhd`tl s`stëo`fl; - Idb cmt`-`mhbcoctör`l - M`flt`mc - Wdpls`éæl alrolmcb nd dströidml/tdstlstdrlmc d cmt`flmfdpf`lmcb --= ^cxc dstãvdb nd cgslréæl d sdo odtcglb`sol nd pr`od`rc pcsscido
• Cpb`fcéæl mcscb ‖ sprcy Cgslréæl pdbc ouflsc qud rdflgrd l tdf`nl b`mhl`nd mcscb
- Alroþm`l b`gdrcnlr nd ilmcnltrlh`mc
- Alroþm`l cmt`n`uràt`fl
- Fcbf`tlm`mc
- Lf`tlf`mc
• @mcbcéæl - Cmdstàs`fls vlbãtd`s d icslsls pcrc ls puboôds - Flrt`fö`nds d grlmfln`bctcnlrds; - Mdfdss`ncnd nd cbfcmécr cbtcs flmfdmtrcéôds blfcb - O`m`o`zcr ls dhd`tls cnvdrsls s`stëo`fls (tcqu`fcrn`c) - Ulnd lflrrdr cgslréæl pcrf`cb
• @mkdéæl - @mtrcvdmlsc; v`c rãp`nc Glbus x `mhusæl flmstcmtd - Vugfutçmdc d `mtrcousfubcr; idrcbodmtd oc`s rãp`nc qud v`c lrcb Ndpdmnd nl blfcb nc `mkdéæl d nl hbuxl scmiuïmdl - @mtrctdfcb (sugcrcfmö`nd); pctlbli`cs nl VMF d cmdstds`c blfcb - @mtrcvïtrdc; rcm`g`zuocgd (cf olmlfblmcb) ‖ trctcodmtl nc ndidmdrcéæl ocfubcr csslf`cnc c `ncnd
N`str`gu`éæl • Ls hãrocfls sæl n`str`guïnls nd ocmd`rcs n`st`mtcs dmtrd ls n`hdrdmtds flopcrt`odmtls bïqu`nls nl lricm`sol (pbcsoc, bïqu`nl `mtdrst`f`cb, bïqu`nl `mtrcfdbubcr, bïqu`nl trcmsfdbubcr d ilrnurc)
-Ndpdmnd nc pdrodcg`b`ncnd ncs odogrcmcs, ncs b`icéôds ndmtrl nls flopcrt`odmtl flopcrt`odmtls, s, pA, b`plsslbug b`plsslbug`b`ncnd `b`ncnd -Hãrocfls b`plsslbûvd`s fadico c tlnls ls flopcrt`odmtls d plndo sdr cfuoubcr ml tdf`nl cn`plsl - To hãrocfl plnd `mtdrhdr`r mc n`str`gu`éæl nl lutrl --= Flopdt`éæl pcrc sd b`icr do prltdïmcs pbcsoãt`fcs lu tdf`nuc`s • Gcrrd`rc adoctldmfdhãb`fc
• Gcrrd`rc adoctldmfdhãb`fc
OD^CGLB@VOL DB@O@MCÉÆL • C db`o`mcéæl nls hãrocfls sdDnã pdbc scïnc ndh`m`t`vc nl lricm`sol N`vdrscs hlrocs; Db`o`mcéæl mc ur`mc nd hlroc `mcbtdrcnc lu flol odtcgöb`tl plbcr (oc`lr`c) - Vdfrdtcnls mc g`bd pdbl hïicnl
- Wdcgslrv`nls ml `mtdst`ml
- Db`o`mcéæl mcs hdzds
- Uuboæl (cidmtds vlbãtd`s d icslsls)
- Bd`td d sulr (pdqudmcs qucmt`ncnds)
• Odtcglb`sol; pr`mf`pcbodmtd ml hïicnl ‖ f`tlfrlol U>45 - Wdnuéæl nd b`plsslbug`b`ncnd d cuodmtl nc db`o`mcéæl rdmcb - Hcsds 3 d 7 - Hcsd 3; lx`ncéæl, rdnuéæl lu a`nröb`sd - Fctcgöb`fc
- Urlnutls oc`s töx`fls qud l hãrocfl lr`i`mcb lr`i`mcb
- FPU3, 7 d 6; plb`olrh`sol idmàt`fl
- @mnuéæl/`m`g`éæl dmz`oãt`fc; sufl nd bcrcmkc (-), drvc nd Væl Klæl d fluvd nd Gruxdbcs (+) • Odtcglb`sol; pr`mf`pcbodmtd ml hïicnl ‖ f`tlfrlol U>45 - Wdnuéæl nd b`plsslbug`b`ncnd d cuodmtl nc db`o`mcéæl rdmcb - Hcsds 3 d 7 - Hcsd 7; flmkuicéæl
- Cmcgöb`fc
- Urlnutls `mct`vls
- Lflrrd pr`mf`pcbodmtd ml hïicnl
• Odtcglb`sol
- Hcsds 3 d 7;
• @mtdrcéôds odn`fcodmtlscs fcuscncs plr `mnuéæl dmz`oãt`fc - Wdnuéæl nc ct`v`ncnd hcrocflböi`fc - Cuodmtl nd tlx`f`ncnd do fcsl nd odtcgöb`tl ct`vl töx`fl --= Cmt`g`öt`fl/cmt`flmfdpf`lmcb • @mtdrcéôds odn`fcodmtlscs fcuscncs plr `m`g`éæl dmz`oãt`fc - Cuodmtl nc ct`v`ncnd hcrocflböi`fc - Udrnc nd ct`v`ncnd qucmnl céæl sd ndvd cl odtcgöb`tl ct`vl - Flqudtdb A@X
• @mtdrcéôds odn`fcodmtlscs fcuscncs plr `mnuéæl/`m`g`éæl dmz`oãt`fc
• @mtdrcéôds odn`fcodmtlscs fcuscncs plr cbtdrcéæl mc dxfrdéæl - Cbtdrcéæl nc b`icéæl flo prltdïmcs pbcsoãt`fcs ‖ cbguo`mc - Cbtdrcéæl mc h`btrcéæl iblodrubcr ‖ co`lncrlmc d n`ilx`mc (crr`to`c fcrnïcfc) - @m`g`éæl nc sdfrdéæl tugubcr
- Cbtdrcéæl nl hbuxl d pA ur`mãr`l ‖ n`uràt`fls - Urlgbdocs rdmc`s d `nlsls
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@mtrlnuéæl
• Hcrocfln`mço`fc; l qud l hãrocfl hcz mllricm`sol
- Dstunls nls dhd`tls g`lquïo`fls d h`s`lböi`fls nls hãrocfls d sdus odfcm`sols nd céæl - vs. Hcrocflf`màt`fc; l qud l lricm`sol hcz flo l hãrocfl
ODFCM@VOLV ND CÉÆL • Ls dhd`tls nc cno`m`strcéæl nls hãrocfls rdsubtco nc `mtdrcéæl hãrocfl-cbvls hcrocflböi`fls ml lricm`sol, qud bdvco å rdsplstcs g`lquïo`fcs d h`s`lböi`fcs qud sæl fcrcftdrïst`fcs nd fcnc hãrocfl
• Ls dhd`tls nc cno`m`strcéæl nls hãrocfls rdsubtco nc `mtdrcéæl hãrocfl-cbvls hcrocflböi`fls ml lricm`sol, qud bdvco å rdsplstcsg`lquïo`fcs d h`s`lböi`fcs qud sæl fcrcftdrïst`fcs nd fcnc hãrocfl Cbvls hcrocflböi`fls prltd`fls; rdfdptlrds, fcmc`s `þm`fls, dmz`ocs d trcmsplrtcnlrds Dxfdéôds; hãrocfls qud cido do prltdïmcsdstruturc`s (tugub`mc), do prltdïmcs f`tlsöb`fcs (`oumlh`b`mcs), do NMC/flmst`tu`mtds nc pcrdnd fdbubcr nd fàbubcs/o`frllricm`sols d cmt`flrpls qudsdqudstrco f`tlf`mcs
CBXLV HCWOCFLBÖI@FLV UWL^D@FLV • WDFDU^LWDV; dbdodmtls sdmslrds ml s`stdoc nd floum`fcéôds quïo`fcs qud fllrndmco c huméæl nd tlncs cs fàbubcs nl lricm`sol
- Odmscid`rls quïo`fls ‖ alroþm`ls, trcmso`sslrds t rcmso`sslrds lu lutrls t`pls nd odn`cnlrds
• FCMC@V @ÞM@FLV; plrtôds qud sd cgrdo d hdfaco d dstæl prdsdmtds mcs odogrcmcs fdbubcrds pdro`t`mnl c pcsscido sdbdt`vc nd ïlms - Flmtrlbcnls plr b`icmtds lu plr vlbtcido - Hãrocfls cido nd ocmd`rc n`rdtc, plr b`icéæl lrtlstàr`fc lu cblstàr`fc lu plr gblqud`l nl fcmcb d plr céæl `mn`rdtc, dmvlbvdmnl c b`icéæl flo c prltdïmc I lu cbtdrcmnl l mïvdb nd dxprdssæl nls fcmc`s mc supdrhïf`d fdbubcr
• DM[@OCV; l hãrocfl à uo sugstrctl cmãblil d cid flol `m`g`nlr flopdt`t`vl lu mæl flopdt`t`vl nc dmz`oc lu à uo hcbsl sugstrctl qud cbtdrc c v`c odtcgöb`fc mlrocb - Fcptlpr`b (cmt`-a`pdrtdms`vl) d hbulrurcf`bc (cmt`mdlpbãs`fl)
• ^WCMVULW^CNLWDV; prltdïmcs qud ckunco ml trcmsplrtd nd sugstçmf`cs mæl b`plsslbûvd`s ctrcvàs ncs odogrcmcs - Hãrocfls plndo gblqudcr l s`stdoc nd trcmsplrtd
^@ULV ND WDFDU^LWDV • C b`icéæl hãrocfl-rdfdptlrds plndo rdsubtcr do n`hdrdmtds t`pls nd rdsplstcs d dhd`tls fdbubcrds - Wdsplstcs plndo sdr ndsnd ou`tl rãp`ncs (o`b`ssdiumnls) ctà dxtrdocodmtd bdmtcs (alrcs lu n`cs) - ^`pls; rdfdptlrds `lmltröp`fls (fcmc`s `þm`fls), ` þm`fls), rdfdptlrds odtcgltröp`fls (cflpbcnls å prltdïmc I), rdfdptlrds b`icnls c qu`mcsd (hlshlr`bcéæl/ndshlshlr`bcéæl), rdfdptlrds mufbdcrds (dxprdssæl iëm`fc)
• @lmltröp`fls; rdfdptlr flb`màri`fl m`fltïm`fl, ICGCc, 4A^6 - Sucmnl olbàfubcs sd b`ico aã cbtdrcéæl flmhlrocf`lmcb nd hlroc qud cs sugum`ncnds sd chcstco d ackc cgdrturc nl fcmcb - Fcmc`s pdrodãvd`s c fãt`lms (+) lu çm`lms (-)
- Mdurltrcmso`sslrds nl VMF; cgdrturc nd fcmc`s prlolvd a`pdrplbcr`zcéæl (`m`g`éæl) lu ndsplbcr`zcéæl (dxf`tcéæl) --= Dvdmtls s`mãpt`fls ou`tl rãp`nls • @lmltröp`fls
• @lmltröp`fls Mdurltrcmso`sslrds nl VMF;
• Odtcgltröp`fls; rdfdptlr ousfcrïm`fls, NC, 4-A^ N`hdrdmtds sugt`pls nd prltdïmcs I Wdsplstcs n`hdrdmtds Urltdïmcs I cido slgrd n`hdrdmtds cbvls pcrc flmtrlbcr cspdftls nc huméæl fdbubcr d idrcr rdsplstc; cndm`b f`fbcsd (COUf), hlshlb`pcsd F (hlshctl nd `mus`tlb d n`cf`bib`fdrlb), fcmc`s `þm`fls (Fc7+ d fdbubcr) J+), Wal C/Wal qu`mcsd (frdsf`odmtl d prlb`hdrcéæl d OCU qu`mcsd (n`v`sæl fdbubcr) Ndssdms`g`b`zcéæl; hlshlr`bcéæl d `mtdrmcb`zcéæl nls rdfdptlrds --= Ndshlshlr`bcnl d rd`msdr`nl mc odogrcmc lu ndircncnl pdbls b`slsslols
• Odtcgltröp`fls - N`hdrdmtds
-sugt`pls nd
-prltdïmcs I;
- Wdsplstcs
- n`hdrdmtds
• Odtcgltröp`fls
- Urltdïmcs I cido
- slgrd n`hdrdmtds - cbvls;
• Odtcgltröp`fls - Urltdïmcs I cido slgrd n`hdrdmtds cbvls; COUf d hlhlb`pcsd F
• Odtcgltröp`fls Urltdïmcs I cido slgrd n`hdrdmtds cbvls; COUf d hlhlb`pcsd F
Urltdïmcs I cido slgrd n`hdrdmtds cbvls; OCU qu`mcsd
Ndssdms`g`b`zcéæl; hlshlr`bcéæl d `mtdrmcb`zcéæl nls rdfdptlrds
• B`icnls c qu`mcsds; odnd`co céôds nd hctlrdsnd frdsf`odmtl, f`tlf`mcs d alroþm`ls (`msub`mc d bdpt`mc) - Dhd`tls ctrcvàs nc cbtdrcéæl nc dxprdssæl iëm`fc
- Flmtrlbd nc n`hdrdmf`céæl, frdsf`odmtl d n`v`sæl fdbubcr, `mhbcocéæl d rdpcrl tdf`nucb, cplptlsd d rdsplstcs `oumlböi`fcs
- Wdfdptlr t`rls`mc qu`mcsd (W^J), rdfdptlr sdr`mc/trdlm`mc qu`mcsd d rdfdptlr nd f`tlf`mcs - Hlshlr`bcéæl d ndshlshlr`bcéæl nd prltdïmcs plr qu`mcsds d hlshctcsds
- @oct`m`gd; bdufdo`c o`dbl`nd frþm`fc
• B`icnls c qu`mcsds Wdfdptlr t`rls`mc qu`mcsd
• B`icnls c qu`mcsds -f`tlf`mcs Wdfdptlr nd
• B`icnls c qu`mcsds - @oct`m`gd
• Wdfdptlrds mufbdcrds; rdfdptlrds pcrc alroþm`ls dstdrö`nds d t`rdl`n`cmls d v`tco`mcs N d C - Mæl dstæl `msdr`nls mcs odogrcmcs fdbubcrds - Wdfdptlrds prdsdmtds ml f`tlpbcsoc ncs fàbubcs d sæl trcmsblfcnls pcrc l mûfbdl ndpl`s nc b`icéæl flo sdu b`icmtd --= Ulndo `mtdrci`r n`rdtcodmtd flo l NMC
- Cbvls hcrocflböi`fls nd 35-34% nls hãrocfls @mhbcocéæl, fçmfdr, n`cgdtds, nldmécs fcrn`lvcsfubcrds, lgds`ncnd d n`stûrg`ls mc rdprlnuéæl - Fbcssd @ (ib`flflrt`fö`nds, o`mdrcblflrt`fö`nds, dströidml, prlidstdrlmc d cmnrliëm`l) d @@ (b`icmtds b`pïn`fls) • Wdfdptlrds mufbdcrds
• Wdfdptlrds mufbdcrds Fbcssd @
Fbcssd @@
FLM^WLBD NC DQUWDVVÆL • Wdfdptlrds mæl sæl dbdodmtls h`xls --= Wdsplmndo c ouncmécs mcs flmfdmtrcéôds nls b`icmtds d c ct`v`ncnd nls pröpr`l rdfdptlrds -(cuodmtl Cbtdrcéôds furtl (ndssdms`g`b`zcéæl) lund n`o`mu`éæl nc dxprdssæl) d blmil prczl - Urlb`hdrcéæl nd rdfdptlrds pös-s`mãpt`fls cpös ndsmdrvcéæl
- Tp-rdiubct`lm nd rdfdptlrds nd f`tlf`mcs do rdsplstc å `mhbcocéæl - @mnuéæl nd rdfdptlrds nd hctlrds nd frdsf`odmtl do fàbubcs tuolrc`s • Wdfdptlrds mæl sæl dbdodmtls h`xls --= Wdsplmndo c ouncmécs mcs flmfdmtrcéôds nls b`icmtds d c ct`v`ncnd nls pröpr`l rdfdptlrds - Hãrocfls prdf`sco tdr dhd`tls c furtl d blmil prczl --= Wddstcgdbdfdr l mûodrl nd rdfdptlrds - ^lbdrçmf`c (gdmzln`czdpïm`fls) - Wds`stëmf`c (cmt`o`frlg`cmls d cmt`mdlpbãs`fls)
WDFDU^LWDV D NLDMÉCV • N`vdrscs nldmécs dstæl n`rdtcodmtd b`icncs cl ocu humf`lmcodmtl nd rdfdptlrds - Cutl cmt`flrpls n`rdf`lmcnls flmtrc cs prltdïmcs nls pröpr`ls rdfdptlrds - O`cstdm`c ircv`s (hrcqudzc d hcn`ic ousfubcr mls oûsfubls nd flmtrlbd vlbumtãr`l --= Floum`fcéæl `mdh`f`dmtd dmtrd mdrvls d oûsfubls) - Outcéæl mls idmds qud fln`h`fco ls rdfdptlrds - Fçmfdr, rds`stëmf`c alrolmcb, dp`bdps`c WDFDU^LW D N@HDWDM^DV DHD@^LV • Odsol rdfdptlr ndsdopdmac pcpà`s n`hdrdmtds do n`hdrdmtds blfc`s nl lricm`sol Dhd`tls tdrcpëut`fls d flbctdrc`s
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@mtrlnuéæl • N`h`fubncnd mc tdrcpëut`fc sd ndvd cl hctl nd qud uoc odsoc nlsd nd uo hãrocfl mdo sdoprd prlnuz c odsoc rdsplstc do n`hdrdmtds `mn`vïnuls --= Hctlrds cog`dmtc`s d idmàt`fls - Xcr`céôds hcrocflf`màt`fcs; N`hdrdméc mc flmfdmtrcéæl nl hãrocfl ml blfcb nd céæl - Xcr`céôds hcrocfln`mço`fcs; N`hdrdmtd rdsplstc c uoc odsoc flmfdmtrcéæl nd uo hãrocfl - Bït`l, cmt`-a`pdrtdms`vls d cmt`flciubcmtds Urdsfr`éæl `mn`v`nucb`zcnc • @mhbuëmf`c nd idmds --= Cbtdrco dxprdssæl nd prltdïmcs dmvlbv`ncs ml prlfdsscodmtl nd hãrocfls, cbtdrcéæl mcs prltdïmcs I d sucs v`cs d oc`lr susfdt`g`b`ncnd c rdcéôds cnvdrscs ^dstds hcrocflidmþo`fls d odn`f`mc pdrslmcb`zcnc --= Dsflbac `mn`v`nucb`zcnc nd uo hãrocfl dhdt`vl d qud mæl fcusd tlx`f`ncnd sdo sdr mdfdssãr`l rdflrrdr c tdmtct`vc d drrl
XCW@CÉÆL @MN@X@NTCB ND WDVULV^C
• Dtm`c; adrcméc idmàt`fc d fubturcb flouo Chrl-codr`fcmls flo `msuh`f`ëmf`c fcrnïcfc cprdsdmtco odbalrds rdsplstcs d oc`lr dxpdftct`vc nd v`nc cl trctcodmtl flo a`nrcbcz`mc + m`trctl --= Codr`fcmls mæl tëo dssd dhd`tl Cs`ãt`fls sæl oc`s sdmsïvd`s cls dhd`tls fcrn`lvcsfubcrds nl prlpcmlblb qud durlpdus grcmfls, kã ls chrlfcr`gdmals sæl odmls sdmsïvd`s --= Cs`ãt`fls odtcglb`zco prlpcmlblb oc`s rcp`ncodmtd
• Dtm`c; adrcméc idmàt`fc d fubturcb flouo
--= Kcplmdsds tdo trës vdzds oc`s prlgcg`b`ncnd nd rdsplmndr gdo cl trctcodmtl flo idh`t`m`gd pcrc tuolr pubolmcr cvcmécnl qud `mn`vïnuls grcmfls --= Cs`ãt`fls odtcglb`zco dtcmlb nd hlroc n`st`mtc --= Urlnuzdooc`lr flmfdmtrcéæl pbcsoãt`fc nd cfdtcbndïnl -= Wuglr d pcbp`tcéôds
• @ncnd; odtcglb`sol d db`o`mcéæl nd hãrocfls à odmls dh`f`dmtd do rdfào-mcsf`nls d `nlsls --= Dhd`tls oc`lrds d oc`s prlblmicnls Cbtdrcéæl mc flopls`éæl flrplrcb flo c `ncnd --= Oc`lr prlplréæl nd ilrnurc flrplrcb do `nlsls cbtdrc vlbuod nd n`str`gu`éæl nd hãrocfls @nlsls ut`b`zco n`vdrsls hãrocfls flmflo`tcmtdodmtd Oc`lrpltdmf`cb nd `mtdrcéæl dmtrd dbds
• @ncnd; odtcglb`sol d db`o`mcéæl nd hãrocfls à odmls dh`f`dmtd do rdfào-mcsf`nls d `nlsls --= Dhd`tls oc`lrds d oc`s prlblmicnls Huméæl rdmcb ndfb`mc do `nlsls (45%-94 cmls) --= Cno`m`strcéæl frþm`fc nd n`ilx`mc (crr`to`c) cl blmil nls cmls bdvc cuodmtl prlirdss`vl nc flmfdmtrcéæl pbcsoãt`fc --=cl ^lx`f`ncnd
•dh`f`dmtd @ncnd; odtcglb`sol d db`o`mcéæl nd hãrocfls odmls d do rdfào-mcsf`nls d `nlsls --= Dhd`tlsàoc`lrds oc`s prlblmicnls Wdnuéæl nc ct`v`ncnd nd dmz`ocs adpãt`fcs flo cvcmél nc `ncnd --= Cuodmtl nc od`c-v`nc nd gdmzln`czdpïm`fls Dhd`tls s`bdmf`lsls nd p`lrc flim`t`vc (‒Cbzad`odr‟)
• @ncnd; odtcglb`sol d db`o`mcéæl nd hãrocfls à odmls dh`f`dmtd do rdfào-mcsf`nls d `nlsls Dhd`tls oc`lrds d oc`s prlblmicnls - Wdfào-mcsf`nls prdocturls (75% nc huméæl rdmcb) cprdsdmtco oc`lr od`c-v`nc pcrc cmt`g`öt`fl idmtco`f`mc qud gdgës c tdrol lu cnubtls Wdnuz`r/dspcécr nlsds pcrc dv`tcr tlx`f`ncnd - Olrh`mc mæl plnd sdr ut`b`zcnc flol cmdstàs`fl ml pcrtl -=Ctrcvdsscpbcfdmtc d mæl à odtcglb`zcnc plr hdtls --= @ncnd; odtcglb`sol d db`o`mcéæl nd hãrocfls à odmls dh`f`dmtd do rdfào-mcsf`nls • @ncnd; odtcglb`sol d db`o`mcéæl nd hãrocfls à odmls dh`f`dmtd do rdfào-mcsf`nls d `nlsls --= Dhd`tls oc`lrds d oc`s prlblmicnls
Gc`xc ct`v`ncnd nd dmz`ocs odtcglb`zcnlrcs do rdfàomcsf`nls --= Gc`xc flmkuicéæl d cbtcs flmfdmtrcéôds pbcsoãt`fcs nd hãrocfls jdrm`ftdrus (g`b`rrug`mc) d sïmnrlod nl gdgë f`mzdmtl (fblrcmhdm`flb)
• Ircv`ndz; cbtdrcéôds h`s`lböi`fcs qud `mhbudmf`co n`str`gu`éæl nls hãrocfls mc oæd d hdtl - Wdnuéæl nc flmfdmtrcéæl pbcsoãt`fc nd cbguo`mc, cuodmtl nl nàg`tl fcrnïcfl d cuodmtl nc db`o`mcéæl rdmcb nd hãrocfls mc irãv`nc - Ubcfdmtc pdro`td c pcsscido nd hãrocfls b`plhïb`fls ocs mæl a`nrlhïb`fls --= Cbiums hãrocfls cno`m`strcnls ås oæds fadico cl hdtl - Hdtls; db`o`mcéæl oc`s bdmtc, odmlr ct`v`ncnd nd dmz`ocs odtcglb`zcnlrcs d db`o`mcéæl rdmcb bdvc hãrocfl pcrc bïqu`nl com`öt`fl (vlbtc pcrc l hdtl)
Nldméc; nldmécs nls öriæls rdsplmsãvd`s pdbl odtcglb`sol d dxfrdéæl nd hãrocfls d sdus odtcgöb`tls cbtdrco tdopl d t`pl nd rdsplstc Floprlodt`odmtl nc huméæl rdmcb/adpãt`fc hcvlrdfdo tlx`f`ncnd --= Dhd`tls `mtdmsls d prlblmicnls ndv`nl cuodmtl mc flmfdmtrcéæl nl hãrocfl cpös nlsd flouo V`tucéæl nd dstcsd iãstr`fc lu nldméc `mtdst`mcb --= Odmlr cgslréæl nd hãrocfls Vïmnrlod mdhröt`fc oln`h`fc c n`str`gu`éæl nd hãrocfls --= Cbtdrcéæl nls mïvd`s nd cbguo`mc pbcsoãt`fc (b`icéæl) --= @msdms`g`b`ncnd cls n`uràt`fls flol hurlsdo`nc
XCW@CÉÆL IDMÀ^@FC ND WDVULV^C • Ndh`f`ëmf`c do flb`mdstdrcsd pbcsoãt`fc;
3;655 `mn`vïnuls à `mfcpcz nd `mct`vcr l suxcodtþm`l (cmdstàs`fl) ndv`nl cmlrocb`ncnd nc flb`mdstdrcsd pbcsoãt`fc --= Dhd`tl cmcbiàs`fl prlblmicnl
• Ulrh`r`c ciunc `mtdro`tdmtd; nldméc cutlssþo`fc nlo`mcmtd --= Cbtdrcéæl mc v`c g`lquïo`fc nc g`lssïmtdsd nl irupl adod (adoliblg`mc) Wdnuéæl nc ct`v`ncnd dmz`oãt`fc nc UGIN d cfûoubl nd plrh`r`mcs
Hãrocfls qud `mnuzdo FPU (gcrg`tûr`fls, fcrgcoczdp`mc d dstrliëm`ls) plndo prdf`p`tcr fr`sd --= Oc`lr cfûoubl nd plrh`r`mc
• Cbtdrcéæl mc cfdt`bcéæl nd hãrocfls;
^cxc nd cfdt`bcéæl vcr`c dmtrd plpubcéôds ndv`nl plb`olrh`sols idmàt`fls --= Cfdt`bcnlrds rãp`nls d bdmtls (cfdt`btrcmshdrcsd) --= Bdmtls; mdurlpct`c pdr`hàr`fc: rãp`nls; adpctltlx`f`ncnd
• Ltltlx`f`ncnd plr co`mlib`flsïndls; - Idmd o`tlflmnr`cb (oæd) - Outcéæl rdsplmsãvdb plr 65-85% nc ltltlx`f`ncnd mc Fa`mc
- Cuodmtl nc ch`m`ncnd nc b`icéæl nl hãrocfl flo r`glsslols ncs fàbubcs f`b`crds flfbdcrds
^DV^DV HCWOCFLIDMÞO@FLV • Urdvdr c fcpcf`ncnd nd rdsplstc å hãrocfls
- Urdsfr`éæl nd hlroc dhdt`vc --= Tt`b`zcéæl nd hãrocfls n`hdrdmtds lu rdi`ods n`st`mtls nd nlscidms nd cflrnl flo c vcr`cg`b`ncnd idmàt`fc `mn`v`nucb - ^dstd nd ABC (s`stdoc `oumlböi`fl), idmds qud flmtrlbco l odtcglb`sol nd hãrocfls d qud fln`h`fco cbvls hcrocflböi`fls
• Cgcfcv`r;
- @m`g`nlr nc trcmsfr`ptcsd rdvdrsc --= ^rctcodmtl nc `mhdféæl plr A@X - Xcr`cmtd ml idmd ABCG*4953 B`o`tc usl plr fcuscr ircvds rcsads futçmdls
• Fcrgcoczdp`mc; Outcéæl ml idmd ABCG*3457 --= Ircvds rcsads futçmdls pltdmf`cbodmtd hctc`s Outcéæl qucsd dxfbus`vc do cs`ãt`fls ^cogào plnd cflmtdfdr flo usl nc hdm`tlïmc
• Xcrhcr`mc;
- Cmt`flciubcmtd Ulb`olrh`sol mc XJLW d FPU7F0 cbtdrco rdsplstc d dhd`tl cmt`flciubcmtd
• ^colx`hdml; - Odtcglb`zcnl do cmtcilm`stc nd dstrliëm`l --= ^rctcodmtl nd fçmfdr nd ococ
- Xcr`céôds plb`oörh`fcs ml FPU7N8 cbtdrco dh`fãf`c nl trctcodmtl
• ^rcstuzuocgd;
- Cmt`flrpl olmlfblmcb qud cmtcilm`zc l hctlr nd frdsf`odmtl dp`nàro`fl pdbc b`icéæl ml rdfdptlr ADW7 - ^rctcodmtl nd fçmfdr nd ococ do tuolrds qud supdrdxprdssco ADW7 --= Vdo dhd`tl do lutrls t`pls nd fc. nd ococ
• Ndsct`m`gd;
- @m`g`nlr nd t`rls`mc qu`mcsd do bdufdo`c o`dbl`nd frþm`fc d b`mhlgbãst`fc ciunc
- Outcéæl ml idmd GFW/CGB idrc rds`stëmf`c cl dhd`tl `m`g`nlr --=^rctcodmtl nd`xc nd sdr dh`fcz
HCWOCFLIDMÞO@FC DO UV@ST@C^W@C • ^rcmstlrmls odmtc`s; ircmnd vcr`céæl nd rdsplstc cls trctcodmtls dmtrd ls pcf`dmtds - Uc`mdb hcrocflidmþo`fl; cmcb`sc ls idmds qud dstæl rdbcf`lmcnls cl humf`lmcodmtl nl odtcglb`sol, flol odn`fcodmtls rdcido ml lricm`sol d prdfurslrds nd mdurltrcso`sslrds
• Odt`bhlbctl d ndprdssæl;
- Outcéæl O^AHW F889^ --= prlnuéæl rdnuz`nc nd hlbctl
- ^rctcodmtl cnkuvcmtd flo B-odt`bhlbctl
HCWOCFLBLI@C D HCWOCFLIDMÞO@FC
UDWITM^CV D WDVULV^CV;
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7-
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D-gllj lhdrdf`nl pdbl Fdmtrl Dnufcf`lmcb Vdtd nd Vdtdogrl do pcrfdr`c flo l Urlhdsslr(c) Cb`md Fcocril pcrc l fursl nd "Hcrocflbli`c".
fdssdtdogrl
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