Family Aashna Kartavi
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RESTITUTION OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS UNDER HINDU LAW: A LAW: A look look at the important aspects, the Constitutionality of the section and important scenarios
TERM PAPER PAPER SUBMITTED SUB MITTED TOWARDS TOWARDS THE FULLFILMENT FULLF ILMENT OF O F A PART PART OF THE TOTAL TOTAL [ TERM ASSESSMENT]
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Ashok Wad! o' La( Na%/o*a$ $a( U*/0!rs/%&1 Jodh2#r
SUBMITTED BY:
Uttara. P. V Fa"#$%& )Ro$$ *o. +,,+-
Semester VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Restitution of Conjugal Rights under Hindu Law!
4
Introduction!
4
Basis of Restitution of Conjugal Rights!
4
Use of RCR in Divorce proceedings!
4
Meaning of ust or Reasona"le Cause#!
$
Constitutionalit% of &ection ' of the Hindu Marriage (ct!
$
High Court decisions!
$
(ndhra )radesh High Court Decision!
*
Delhi High Court Decision!
*
&upre+e Court Decision in &aroj Rani v &udarshan ,u+ar!
-
&ituations under RCR . a loo/ at i+portant scenarios!
-
0alidit% of agree+ent "etween Hus"and and 1ife to live separatel%!
-
Decision regarding )lace to &ta%!
2
Hus"and and 1ife wor/ing in di ff erent places!
2
Methods "% which courts enforce Restitution!
2
Conclusion!
'
Bi"liograph%!
3
2|Page
3|Page
INTRODUCTION
Marrage! " t#e I"$a" H"$% s&stem s '("s$ere$ a sa'r(sa"'t "stt%t(" a"$ Restt%t(" () *("+%ga, Rg#ts s a reme$& t( g-e e))e't t( t#s e,e). Restt%t(" () *("+%ga, Rg#ts /R*R0 s '("ta"e$ " Se't(" 1 () T#e H"$% Marrage A't! 1. It s a '("'e4t t#at #as ee" (rr(5e$ )r(m E"g,s# La5. It $ea,s 5t# t#e reme$es a-a,a,e t( a s4(%se 5#e" t#e (t#er s4(%se #as 5t#$ra5" )r(m s('et&.2 I" E"g,s# ,a5! restt%t(" () '("+%ga, rg#ts 5as a" a't(" " t#e e'',esast'a, '(%rts a"$ ,ater " t#e *(%rt )(r D-(r'e a"$ Matrm("a, *a%ses. It 5as ("e () t#e a't("s re,at"g t( marrage! (-er 5#'# t#e e'',esast'a, '(%rts )(rmer,& #a$ +%rs$'t(". T#s '(%,$ e r(%g#t aga"st a #%sa"$ (r 5)e 5#( 5as g%,t& () 6s%tra't("67 t#at s! ,-"g a5a& )r(m t#er s4(%se 5t#(%t a g(($ reas(". I) t#e s%t 5as s%''ess)%,! t#e marre$ '(%4,e 5(%,$ e re8%re$ t( ,-e t(get#er aga". I" t#s resear'# 4r(+e't! Restt%t(" () *("+%ga, Rg#ts #as ee" $ea,t 5t# " )(%r 4arts9 Part I see:s a"a,&se t#e '("stt%t("a,t& () t#e re,e-a"t 4r(-s(" () H"$% Marrage A't a"$ +%$'a, $e's("s 4erta""g t( t7 Part II e,a(rates (" -ar(%s m4(rta"t as4e'ts re,at"g t( t#e Restt%t(" () *("+%ga, Rg#ts %"$er H"$% La57 Part III )('%ses (" t#e -ar(%s met#($s t#r(%g# 5#'# *(%rts " I"$a e")(r'e Restt%t(" () *("+%ga, rg#ts7 Part IV see:s t( 4rese"t t#e a%t#(rs; (4"(" a"$ a"a,&ss () t#e 4r(-s("s %"$er H"$% La5! t#er sg")'a"'e a"$ "ee$ 5t# res4e't t( t#e 4rese"t $a& s('et&.
Basis of Restitution of Conjugal Rights
T#e )(%"$at(" t( r"g a s%t )(r restt%t(" () '("+%ga, rg#ts s ase$ %4(" t#e )%"$ame"ta, r%,e () Matrm("a, La5 < *("s(rt%m 3. *("s(rt%m mea"s t#e rg#t () ("e s4(%se t( e"+(& t#e (t#er s4(%se;s s('et& a"$ '(m)(rt =. I" 'ase ("e s4(%se 5t#$ra5s )r(m s('et& (r aa"$("s t#e (t#er s4(%se 5t#(%t +%st 'a%se! t#e '(%rts 'a" 4r(-$e re,e) t( t#e aggre-e$ 4art& & 4ass"g a $e'ree )(r restt%t(" () '("+%ga, rg#ts .
Use of RCR in Divorce proceedings
D"s#a# M%,,a! )rinciples of Hindu Law /Sat&a+eet Desa e$! 2st e$"! Le>sNe>s B%tter5(rt#s Wa$#5a Nag4%r 2??0 @?. 2 *V S%a Ra(! Hindu Law /TV S%a Ra( a"$ V C%mar e$s! 1t# e$"! S (ga a"$ *(m4a"& H&$eraa$ 2??@0 @1. 3 S%4ra "(te . = I$ at @. Paras D5a"! Modern Hindu Law5 /t# e$"! A,,a#aa$ La5 Age"'& 2??0! 3.
I) t#ere s "( m4,eme"tat(" () t#e $e'ree () restt%t(" () '("+%ga, rg#ts a)ter t#e '(%rt #as 4asse$ t! t 'a" e %se$ as a gr(%"$ )(r $-(r'e %"$er Se't(" 3/A0 () t#e H"$% Marrage A't! 1. T( "-(:e Se't(" 3/A0! at ,east ("e &ear s#(%,$ 4ass s"'e t#e '(%rt $e'ree$ restt%t(". T#s 4r(-s(" s a44,'a,e t( marrages s(,em"e$ e)(re a"$ a)ter t#e '(mme"'eme"t () t#e A't.
Meaning of ‘ust or Reasona!le Cause"
A''(r$"g t( Se't(" 1 () t#e H"$% Marrage A't! a s4(%se 'a" 5t#$ra5 )r(m s('et& () t#e (t#er s4(%se ) t#ere s +%st (r reas("a,e 'a%se a"$ restt%t(" 5(%,$ "(t e $e'ree$ ) s%'# +%st (r reas("a,e 'a%se; 'a" e 4r(-e$. H(5e-er! t#ere s "( s4e')' sta"$ar$ ,a$ $(5" t( meas%re +%st (r reas("a,e 'a%se. It s t#ere)(re (",& t#r(%g# 'ase ,a5s t#at t#e mea""g () +%st (r reas("a,e 'a" e $er-e$. T#ese 'ases #a-e ee" $s'%sse$ e,(5.
I" 6i++ins v 6i++ins 2! t#e *(%rt () A44ea, ,a$ (%t t#at t#e '("$%'t () t#e 4art& 5#( #as 5t#$ra5" )r(m s('et& s#(%,$ e a res%,t () gra-e a"$ 5eg#t&; ms'("$%'t () t#e (t#er 4art&.
H(5e-er! t#e '("$%'t "et#er #as t( )%,),, t#e ,ega, re8%reme"t () 'r%e,t& "(r $(es t #a-e t( e a matrm("a, ( ff e"'e. T#e '("$%'t (",& #as t( 'reate a" a44re#e"s(" " t#e m"$ () t#e s4(%se 5#( #as 5t#$ra5" )r(m s('et&.1
T#e '(%rt s#(%,$ ,((: at t#e e>ge"t 'r'%msta"'es 5#,e $e'$"g (" t#e e>ste"'e () +%st 'a%se. T#e e#a-(r a"$ s%se8%e"t 5t#$ra5a, () t#e s4(%se )r(m s('et& s#(%,$ e assesse$ (",& a)ter t#e a':gr(%"$ () t#e 'ase #as ee" '("s$ere$. ? T#e *(%rt #as t#e rg#t t( re)%se a $e'ree () restt%t(" ) t#ere s e-$e"'e () ,, treatme"t! 4#&s'a, t(rt%re (r me"ta, #arassme"t.
T#e %r$e" t( 4r(-e a reas("a,e 'a%se; t( ,-e a5a& )r(m s('et& s (" t#e 4art& 5#( #as 5t#$ra5" )r(m s('et& () t#e (t#er s4(%se.2
3ART I: CONSTITUTIONALITY OF SECTION 4 OF THE HINDU MARRIAGE ACT
G%st'e Ra"ga"at# Msra /e$0! Ma%ne#s 6reatise on Hindu Law and Usage /t# e$"! B#arat La5 H(%se Ne5 De,# 2??30 13. S%4ra "(te at @?! @. @ /130 2 A,, ER @. 1 & a%a/u+ari v & ,rishnan 7air ! AIR 11 Cer 31. ? A+a a%r! Co++entaries on the Hindu Law /D5-e$ a"$ *(m4a"& A,,a#aa$ 2??0 @. )ra+od 7ai/ v &hanti 7ai/ ! AIR 2??= Or 2. 2 C%s%m! 8a+il% Law Lectures9 8a+il% Law I /Le>sNe>s B%tter5(rt#s Ne5 De,# 2??@0 =@.
T#ere #as ee" a ,(t () $eate regar$"g t#e '("stt%t("a, -a,$t& () t#s se't(".
#igh Court decisions
T#ere #a-e ee" se-era, '("),'t"g Hg# *(%rt $e's("s " I"$a (" t#s t(4'. S(me () t#e $e's("s #a-e %4#e,$ t#e -a,$t& () t#e se't(" 5#,e (t#ers #a-e str%': Se't(" 1 $(5". T#e )am(%s $e's("s #a-e ee" $s'%sse$ e,(5.
&areetha v 0en/ata &u""aiah 3: s a -er& )am(%s 'ase. T#e $s4%te " t#s 'ase ar(se et5ee" t#e #%sa"$ /5#( 4ett("e$ )(r restt%t(" () '("+%ga, rg#ts0 a"$ #s 5)e Sareet#a /5#( resste$ s%'# restt%t("0. Sareet#a 5as a )am(%s a'tress! a"$ t#s s 4er#a4s t#e reas(" 5#& t#e 'ase #as gar"ere$ s( m%'# atte"t(".
It 5as arg%e$ (" e#a,) () Sareet#a t#at Se't(" 1 () t#e sa$ A't
;is lia"le to "e struc/ down as violative of the funda+ental rights in part III of the Constitution of India5 +ore particularl% articles 345 3' and 4ert! e.g. 4s&'#atrst t mg#t ta:e s%'# #e,4. F(%rt#,&! t#e )a,%re () t#s 4r('e$%re s#(%,$ "(t ar t#e ',am )(r ma"te"a"'e (r e '("s$ere$ as a gr(%"$ )(r $-(r'e.
T#e s%ggest("s ma$e t#ere" are sg")'a"t! #(5e-er! t#s resear'# 4a4er see:s t( a$$ ts 4ers4e't-e t( t#e s(,%t("s 4r(4(se$. I"stea$ () t#e +%$ge! stt"g as ("e () t#e '(mmttee memer;s ,et s(me em"e"t 4ers("s () t#e s('et& $( t#e +(! as t#e )%"'t(" () t#e *(%rt s t( sett,e $s4%tes "(t re'("',at(". Let *(%rts "(t e a't-e,& "-(,-e$ " t#e 4r('ess () re'("',at(" %t ,et t#e '(mmttee )(rme$ e a semJ"$e4e"$e"t '(mmttee t( t#e e>te"t t#at t s a44("te$ a"$ s%4er-se$ & t#e *(%rt. T#e '#a"'es () re'("',at(" are greater 5#ere t#ere s 4r-ate "ter-e"t(" a"$ 4ers%as(" rat#er t#a" t#e "ter-e"t(" () t#e '(%rts. 32 I) t#e '(mmttee )a,s " t#e '(%"se,,"g e-e" a)ter ta:"g e>4ert;s #e,4 ,et t#s e -e5e$ as )a,%re () t#e marrage a"$ e treate$ as a gr(%"$ )(r $-(r'e. I) "(t treate$ as a gr(%"$ )(r $-(r'e t#e" t#e 4artes 5,, g( a': t( *(%rts a"$ t#e 5#(,e 4r('e$%re () '(%"se,,"g 5,, e a mere m(':er&. Re'("',at(" attem4te$ " $-(r'e 'ases #as 4r(-e$ sats)a't(r&! a"$ %se)%, a''(r$"g t( a s('(J,ega, $ata st%$& ma$e " P(,a"$.33 Per#a4s! t#e *(%rts 5,, '("s$er t#s as a etter s(,%t(" as t 5,, e ,ess %r$e"s(me (" t#e *(%rts! s"'e "( '%mers(me 4r('e$%re 5,, e "-(,-e$. Re'("',at(" s )ast! e))e't-e a"$ 4ra't'a, s(,%t(" t( restt%t(" () '("+%ga, rg#ts. Per#a4s t s t#e (",& s(,%t(" t( 4%t a" e"$ t( t#s arar(%s reme$&.
3 I$. 32 Ca%,!G., a"$ D#"gra!I.*. Hindu 1o+en and Restitution of Conjugal rights9 ( plea for the ("olition of the re+ed%=> W(me" a"$ t#e La(9 Pr(,ems a"$ Pers4e't-es! Dee4 a"$ Dee4 P%,'at("s /110. 33 Ga" (re':! ;Divorce in )oland@( &ocio.Legal &tud%5K 4%,s#e$ " &ociolog% of )a' ?1J /V,#e,m A%%rte$ 110.
BIBLIORAPH
A+a BOOCS
a%r!
Co++entaries on the Hindu Law
D"s#a#
M%,,a!
)rinciples
of
Hindu Law
/D5-e$
a"$
*(m4a"& A,,a#aa$ 2??0
/Sat&a+eet Desa e$! 2st e$"! Le>sNe>s
Ma%ne#s 6reatise
B%tter5(rt#s
on
Wa$#5a
and Usage
Hindu
Law
Nag4%r 2??0 /G%st'e Ra"ga"at# *V S%a Ra(!
Msra
e$!
Hindu Law /TV
t#
S%a Ra( a"$ V
B#arat La5
C%mar
e$s! 1t#
H(%se Ne5
e$"! S (ga a"$
De,# 2??30
e$"!
*(m4a"& H&$eraa$ 2??@0
C%s%m! Law
8a+il% Lectures9
8a+il% Law I Paras
D5a"!
Modern Hindu
/Le>sNe>s
Law /t# e$"!
B%tter5(rt#s
A,,a#aa$ La5
Ne5 De,# 2??@0
Age"'& 2??0
*ASES
6i++ins
v
6i++ins5 /130 2
&ar+a
v
A,, ER @
&eethala/sh+i! AIR 1 AP 231
& a%a/u+ari v & ,rishnan
7air !
AIR 11 Cer
0ija%
,u+ar
v
7eela+ Ra+! AIR 31
2??= Ra+ 2
)ra+od 7ai/ v &hanti 7ai/ ! AIR 2??= Or 2
&areetha
v
0en/ata &u""aiah5
AIR
1@3 AP 3
&+t=
Harvinder
,aur Har+ander &ingh5 AIR
1@= De,
v
)ravina v (r%a! &aroj
Rani
v
AIR 1 %+ 1
&udarshan ,u+ar !
AIR
1@= S* 2
&hanti v Ra+esh! 1 A,,. LG
6e/ait v Basanta! 2@ *a,
Radha/rishnan v Dhanala/sh+i5 (IR 3'$- Mad
0u%%uru )othuraj v
Radha!
AIR
::3
1 AP =? ?a%a v Bhagwati! AIR &waraj
?arg
v
1
MP
22
,M ?arg ! 1@ HLR 332
6irath ,ripal
,aur
v
&ingh!
AIR 1= P%" 2@
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