Familia Monoparental en La Republica Dominicana

 

 

CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH GE HN ZGPWJHKMN LIBKEKMNEN. CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH. 

\GBN? CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH GE HN ZGPWJHKMN LIBIEKMNEN

]W]\GE\NE\G]? MHGKZN CZNEMK]MI >4-GP]]-:->0< KELZ[ PNIHN ZILZKAWG_ LG HN MZW_ >4-GP]]-:->:7 G]\GCNEKN ]IZKNEI >4-GP]]-:->:= [NONKLN ]NEMDG_ >4-GP]]-:-04= OIZBGHK] MNJN >4-GP]]-:->1=

 N]G]IZ LG MIE\GEKLI? DGM\IZ QKHHKNB] _IZZKHHN

]GMMKIE? >>;: 

>1 LG OWHKI LG :0:>

 

 

KELKMG KKK). CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH GE HN ZGPWJHKMN LIBKEKMNEN     -  -  -  -  -  -

Mnusns lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh. nspgmti gbimkienh lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh. Miesgmugemkns pnrn hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh ]kaekck ]kaekckmnli mnli lg hn ckaurn pntgren y bntgren. Gstnli mieyuanh lg his ogcgs lgh dianr. Ge tërbkeis agegrnhgs, dny bîs libkekmneis sihtgris. Wekýe hkjrg qug mnsnlis.

KT). \KPI] \KPI] LG CNBKHKN BIEI BIEIPNZGE\NH PNZGE\NHG]. G].   -  -  -  -

Bnlrg i pnlrg lkvirmknli. Bnlrg i pnlrg vkuli Bnlrg i pnlrg sihtgri Bnlrg i pnlrg mie dkois nliptnlis.

TKK)TKK )- SGE\NON] SGE\NON ] [ LG] LG]SGE\NON SGE\NON] ] LG HN] CNBKH CNBKHKN] KN] BIEIPNZGE\NH BIEIPNZGE\NHG]. G].   Sgetnons   Lgsvgetnons

-

TKKK)- GSIHWMKI GSIHWMKIE E LG HN CNBKH CNBKHKN KN BIEIPNZGE\NH LG]L LG]LG G GH >;=0->;306 >;30>;;066 >;;0 >;;0 >;;0 N H N N NM\WNHKLNL. M\WNHKLNL.   Prijhgbîtk Prijhgbîtkmn mn lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh. -  Gbphgi. -  Skvkgeln -

TSKK)TSKK )- CNBKHKN BIEI BIEIPNZGE\NH PNZGE\NH [ PIHK\KMN ]IMKNH.   Mielkmkie Mielkmkiegs gs lg hn pihâtkmn cnbkhknr. -  Bntrkbieki, lkvirmki, sgpnrnmkýe, bieipnrgetnhklnl

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TT)- MNZNM\GZK]\KMN] MNZNM\GZK]\KMN] ]IMKIGM ]IMKIGMIEIBK IEIBKMN] MN] LG H HN NC CNBKHKN NBKHKN BIEI BIEIPNZGE\NH PNZGE\NH..   Mrksks lg hn cnbkhk cnbkhkn n ge Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen -  Nspgmtis pskmihýakmis lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh ge Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen -  Mnrnmtgrâstk Mnrnmtgrâstkmns mns lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh

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TTKS)- G]\ZWM\WZN, G]\ZWM\WZN, ZIHG] [ CWEMKIEG] LG HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH GE ZL.

  Gstrumturn lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh -  Zihgs y hn buogr ge hn cnbkhk cnbkhkn n bieipnrgetnh.

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TTSK)- MIEMHW]KIE. TTSKK)-JKJHKIAZNCKN TTSKKK)-NEGTI >

 

 

KE\ZILWMMKÝE. Ge uen prkbgrn nprixkbnmkýe ipgrntkvn, getgelgbis mibi cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh nqughhn miestktukln pir ue sihilgpgelkgetgs. priagektir y su lgsmgelgemkn, skgeli gstis bgeirgs lg >4trnjnoi nþis y/i gmieýbkmnbgetg Dgbis miesklgrnli nmgrtnli rgnhkznr gstg pirqug hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs sie ue cgeýbgei pimi mieimkli ge eugstri pnâs, y, n pgsnr lg qug skgbprg dne gxkstkli, pgesnbis qug nmtunhbgetg tkgege ue mnrîmtgr lkstketi lgjkli n his mnbjkis prilumklis ge hn simkglnl. Nuequg ei lgone lg sgr uen bkeirân y mibi tnh, crgmugetgbgetg, sg gecrgetne n lkvgrsis ijstîmuhis. Pir hi tneti, gh ijogtkvi cuelnbgetnh cuelnbgetnh lg gstg trnjnoi gs mieimgr hn aëegs aëegsks ks y cirbns lg iranekznmkýe lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs, dnstn quë pueti sie uen eugvn cirbn lg iranekznmkýe cnbkhknr y muîhgs sie hns vgetnons y lgsvgetnons qug miehhgvn, nsâ mibi trntnr lg klgetkckmnr hn enturnhgzn lg his cnmtirgs qug kechuyge ge uen bksbn gstrumturn y quë rgpgrmuskiegs tkgege ge gh îbjkti lg hn vkln cnbkhknr. Itri bitkvi qug dn kespkrnli gstg trnjnoi, mieskstg ge trntnr lg lgbistrnr qug hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs sie uen cirbn lg iranekznmkýe cnbkhknr qug puglg tgegr uen sgrkg lg prijhgbns gspgmâckmis, pgri, ge prkemkpki, ei tgelrâne pir quë miesklgrnrsg uen lgsvknmkýe lg hn cnbkhkn eumhgnr, ek tnbpimi pntihýakmns i prijhgbîtkmns skbphgbgetg pir gh dgmdi lg sgr bieipnrgetnhgs. Mie gstg trnjnoi prgtgelgbis lgsbktkckmnr his gstgrgitkpis y hns gtkqugtns qug trnlkmkienhbgetg sg dne mihimnli n gstns cnbkhkns, tneti ge hn simkglnl mibi ge gh bueli nmnlëbkmi. Nlgbîs, kevgstkanr hn lkeîbkmn lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs, puglg mietrkjukr n mibprgelgr bgoir his mnbjkis mnbjk is qug sg gstîe prilumkgeli ge hn cnbkhkn, y n phnetgnreis uen rgchgxkýe sijrg mugstkiegs qug lîjnbis pir sgetnlns ge gh gstulki lg hn cnbkhkn.

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MHGKZN CZNEMK]MI

CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH BIEIPNZGE\NH GE HN H N ZGPWJHKMN LIBKEK LIBKEKMNEN. MNEN.

Pir cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh sg getkgelg nqughhn qug gstî mibpugstn pir ue sihi priagektir (pnpî i bnbî) y uei i vnrkis dkois. Imnskienhbgetg y muneli uen cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh gstî n mnrai lg uen buogr sg utkhkzn hn gxprgskýe  gxprgskýe  cnhsnbgetg gtkbihýak gtkbihýakmn mn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh. bieipn rgetnh. \nbjkëe hhnbnlns bnlrgs sihtgrns i pnlrgs sihtgris.

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MNW]N] LG HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH.   Cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh pir pgrlklns?

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  cnhhgmkbkgeti.

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  sgpnrnmkýe.

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  lkvirmki.   Njneliei.

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  cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh pir lgmkskýe lg hn buogr.

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 N]PGM\I GBIMKIENH LG HN H N CNBKH CN BKHKN KN BIEIPNZGE\NH BIEIPN ZGE\NH.. Ge hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs hn nusgemkn lg hn ckaurn pntgren puglg agegrnr kesgaurklnl n ekvgh pgrsienh y dnmkn sus bgtns. ]g miemhuyg qug, tneti ge hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs bieipn rgetnhgs mibi eumhgnrgs, hn cnhtn lg ncgmti i prgsgemkn lg hn ckaurn pntgren gstî rghnmkienln mie sgetkbkgetis lg kesgaurklnl, rgspgmti n hns nmtktulgs egantkvns qug pisgge crgetg n his tgbirgs. Nlgbîs, his suogtis lg cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs puglge prgsgetnr sgetkbkgetis lg kenlgmunmkýe y lkckmuhtnl pnrn gstnjhgmgr rghnmkiegs mie his lgbîs. Pnrn enlkg gs ue sgmrgti qug ge Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen mnln vgz gs bîs eitirkn hn prgsgemkn lg cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs. ]ke gbjnrai, nuequg ei gs hi klgnh ek hi qug sg qukgrg pnrn gh snei lgsnrrihhi lg his dkois, gs piskjhg tgegr gstnjkhklnl gbimkienh lgetri lg ghhns. Ei ge tilis his mnsis sg hiarn, y prgmksnbgetg pnrn nyulnr n qukgegs prgsgetge lkckmuhtnlgs gs qug, n trnvës lg hn mdnrhn —Cnbkhkns Bieipnrgetnhgs‛, —Skvkgeli ]ke Hâbktgs‛, —Cnbkhkns Bieipnrgetnhgs ZL‛, n mnrai lg Onmqughkeg Mnstghhneis Fdiury,

jusmn icrgmgr dgrrnbkgetns qug puglne bnetgegr ckrbgs hn gstnjkhklnl gbimkienh cnbkhknr, rgelkbkgeti rgelkbkgeti hnjirnh, ketgarnmkýe simkimuhturnh y cnbkhknr, yn qug hn klgetkckmnmkýe y mieimkbkgeti pnrn gh bnegoi lg gstns sktunmkiegs, rgpgrmutg lkrgmtn y pisktkvnbgetg iptkbkzneli nsâ hn mnhklnl lg vkln lgh kelkvklui y su rih lgetri lg su eÿmhgi. ]grî kbpnrtkln pir Mnrbge Skrakekn Zilrâaugz, bnakstgr ge Pskmihiaân Mhâekmn y Cnbkhknr6 <

 

 

Gbbn Mnrihken Cgreîelgz, bnakstgr ge Pskmipglnaiaân, y Mnstghhneis Fdiury, mrgnlirn lg hn rgcgrkln getklnl. Ge eugstrn simkglnl, hns gstrumturns cnbkhknrgs bieipnrgetnhgs, sg dne mievgrtkli ge nhai buy mibÿe. Hns gxpgrkgemkns qug vkvge gsis lkrgmtirgs lg dianrgs y sus dkois sie lgsmieimklns, hi qug skaekckmn qug gh bnegoi qug hg puglge lnr gs mibphgtnbgetg gbpârkmi y ei egmgsnrknbgetg nlgmunli, mibgetn Mnstghhneis Fdiury. Nsâ qug, mietkeuneli mietkeunel i mie hn hnjir glumntkvn qug vkgeg dnmkgeli hn getklnl, gstg nþi kbpnrtkrî hn mdnrhn dnmkgeli ëecnsks ge gh mktnli tgbn. Mie gstn oirenln lgh mieimkbkgeti hi qug jusmne gs mietrkjukr nh snei lgsnrrihhi lg hns cnbkhkns, sijrg tili lg nqughhns ge hns qug his dkois sg gstîe mrkneli sihi mie m ie gh pnlrg i mie hn bnlrg.

MIE]GMWGEMKN] LG HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH. His prijhgbns bîs crgmugetgs ge his dianrgs lg cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs sg rgckgrge n hn cnhtn lg miecknezn y mibuekmnmkýe ge gh ketgrkir lg hn cnbkhkn6 hn lgsntgemkýe ncgmtkvn n his dkois6 hn cnhtn lg simknhkznmkýe, gh nhgonbkgeti lg his pnlrgs. Gstns prijhgbîtkmns ketgrgsne mie prkirklnl n hn ]imkihiaân, sijrg tili muneli ncgmtne gh mibpirtnbkgeti y gh nprgelkznog lg his ekþis. Ge tilns hns muhturns, hn cnbkhkn sg gemnran lg hn simknhkznmkýe prkbnrkn lg his eugvis bkgbjris, lg hn sntkscnmmkýe lg hns egmgsklnlgs jîskmns lg sus ketgarnetgs. Getrg ghhns gstî hn mibuekmnmkýe y gh lkîhiai qug rgprgsgetne ue mnrîmtgr kbpirtnetg pnrn gh juge cuemkienbkgeti lg gstn. Ge hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs gstulknlns, hns rghnmkiegs ketgrpgrsienhgs y hn mibuekmnmkýe tnbjkëe sg vge lnþnlns. Gstis sie lis kelkmnlirgs vkstis, mibi cuelnbgetnhgs y, qug, sk ei sie bnegonlis lg uen cirbn mirrgmtn, puglge kemklkr lg cirbn egantkvn ge gh lgsnrri lgsnrrihhi hhi pskmisimknh lgh bgeir.

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Getrg hns cnbkhkns qug, sgaÿe his mrktgrkis lg hn IEG, gstîe gs tîe lkrkaklns pir dibjrgs, bîs lg ue 4.3 % gstîe mnsnlis y =4.> ueklis lg bnegrn kecirbnh, pnrn ue 73.1 %. Getrg hns buogrgs qug gemnjgzne cnbkhkns, cnbkhkns, sihi 3 % gstîe mnsnlns y >:.1 % ge uekýe hkjrg6 gh rgsti sie sgpnrnlns lg uekiegs hkjrgs ( %), vkulns (:: %), lkvirmknlns i sihtgrns. Gh lnti mgrtkckmn hi gxpugsti ge getrgans netgrkirgs sijrg hn nhtn crgmugemkn ge gh pnâs lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs (ge hns qug gh dkoi i his dkois vkvge mie ue sihi priagektir). Pnrn hn tgrnpgutn cnbkhknr y lg pnrgon Nen ]kbý, gh miemgpti lg cnbkhkn ei dn mnbjknli. Miesklgrn qug ‘bîs jkge dne surakli bumdis tkpis lg cnbkhkns‒.  

Netgs hn cnbkhkn sihi grn miecirbnln pir pnpî, bnbî y his dkois. Diy ge lân ei sihi gh tgbn sgxunh dn mrgnli mnbjkis ge gh tkpi lg cnbkhkn, skei qug tnbjkëe lgjgbis miesklgrnr qug, pir gh nubgeti lg lkvirmkis y gbjnrnzi ge hn nlihgsmgemkn, pilgbis getgelgr qug yn diy puglg sgr dibipnrgetnh, bieipnrgetnh, uekpnrgetnh, gxprgsn ]kbý, lkrgmtirn lgh Mgetri Skln y Cnbkhkn. Ge tërbkeis agegrnhgs, gh =>.: % lgh titnh lg ogcgs y ogcns lg dianrgs lgh pnâs tkgeg 77 y bîs nþis lg glnl6 lgslg hn pgrspgmtkvn lgh sgxi, hns buogrgs qug pgrtgegmge n gsg bksbi rneai lg glnl rgprgsgetne ue =3.7 %, bkgetrns qug ge his dibjrgs gh :4.7 %, sgaÿe GEDIANZ :0>7.

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]KAEKCKMNLI ]KAEK CKMNLI LG H N CKAWZN CKAWZN BN\GZEN [ PN\GZEN.   ]kbý, tnbjkëe sgxýhian, dnmg uen lkstkemkýe lg hi qug rgprgsgetn hn ckaurn pntgren y hn bntgren ge gh lgsnrrihhi lgh ekþi. Gh pnlrg gs qukge —gesgþn nh ekþi n sgr vnrýe‛, hns mielumtns gspgrnlns y nmgptnlns mibi

tnh. Ge gh mnsi lg hns dgbjrns hgs gesgþn n mýbi rghnmkienrsg mie gh aëegri ipugsti, gs gh ‛prkbgr nbir lg tiln ekþn‛ y lgpgelkgeli lg hn rghnmkýe qug dnyn g stnjhgmkli mie gh

bksbi, vn n sgr gh pntrýe lg rghnmkienrsg ge gh cuturi mie sus pnrgons. Bnbî mubphg itris rihgs mibi gh lg pritgagr, muklnr y gesgþnr n nbnr, puetunhkzn. Mnhkckmn gh pnpgh lg pnpî y bnbî mibi ‘vktnh‒. ‘Nbjis lgsgbpgþne tnrgns gspgmâckmns qug nyulnrîe nh ekþi ge su snhulnjhg lgsnrrihhi‒, gecntkzn.  

Getrg his prkemkpnhgs prijhgbns qug ncgmtne n hn cnbkhkn libkekmnen ge hn nmtunhklnl bgemkien gh pimi tkgbpi qug mibi cnbkhkn sg lglkmn nh lgsnrrihhi lg his dkois y hn sustktumkýe lg nmtkvklnlgs rgmrgntkvns pir gh usi lg tnjhgtns ghgmtrýekmns.

G]\NLI MIE[WANH MIE[WANH LG HI] OGCG] O GCG] LG DIANZ. DIANZ.  We nspgmti lg hn cnbkhkn libkekmnen qug pgrbnegmg kaunh qug ge nþis netgrkirgs gs gh gstnli mieyuanh lg his ‘ogcgs lg cnbkhkns‒. ]gaÿe lntis lg :0>7 lg hn IEG ‘gh =4.> %  lg

his ogcgs y ogcns lg dianr gstîe ueklis, :=.< % ssgpnrnlis gpnrnlis lg uekýe hkjrg, bkgetrns qug ue >4.3 % gstîe mnsnlis. Gh gstnli mieyuanh qug prglibken getrg his ogcgs lg dianr gs gh uekli, mie ue 70.1 %. We titnh lg 4:,70< pgrsiens cugrie gemugstnlns mie ue rneai lg glnl qug vn lgslg his >: dnstn his ‘37 y bîs‒ nþis lg glnl.  

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GE \ËZBKEI] AGEGZNHG], DN[ BÎ] LIBKEKMNEI] ]IH\GZI] [ GE WEKÝE HKJZG ^WG MN]NLI]. MN]N LI].  Gh gstnli mieyuanh qug rgakstrn n bgeis pgrsiens ge Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen gs gh lg mnsnlis. ]ihi ue >7, bkgetrns qug hhgvne hn lghnetgrn his sihtgris mie ue =>.1 % y qukgegs sg gemugetrne ge uekýe hkjrg, qug rgprgsgetne ue =>.: %. Lg nmugrli mie gh gstrnti agiarîckmi, hn Mkulnl lg ]neti Libkeai istgetn hn bnyir pripirmkýe lg pijhnmkýe sihtgrn (=

 

 

SGE\NO SGE \NON] N] [ LG]SGE\NON] LG]SGE\NON] LG HN H N CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\ BIEIPNZGE\NH NH .  Lgpgelkgeli lgh tkpi lg sktunmkýe qug dn hhgvnli n cirbnr uen cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh, gxkstge nhauens lkckmuhtnlgs qug tkgeg qug ncrietnr gh priagektir, nuequg tnbjkëe gstn sktunmkýe miehhgvn nhauens vgetnons.

SGE\NON]. 

  Hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs pgrbktge prgstnr bîs ntgemkýe n his dkois pir gh dgmdi lg sgr

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phgenbgetg miesmkgetgs his priagektirgs lg qug egmgsktne uen ntgemkýe mibphgtn. Nlgbîs lg qug su ntgemkýe sg ckon bîs ge his dkois, yn qug ei tkgege uen ‘pnrgon n hn qug ntgelgr‒.  

  His ekþis sughge sgr bîs kelgpgelkgetgs, sg gesgþn n his ekþis n sgr nutisuckmkgetgs ge su lân n lân.  

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  ]g mrgn ue vâemuhi gspgmknh getrg pnlrgs g dkois y tkgelge n mibpnrtkr bumdi su tkgbpi hkjrg.  

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  His ekþis sie bîs rgspiesnjhgs. 

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  Ge gh mnsi lg cnbkhkns sgpnrnlns i lkvirmknlns, nh mievkvkr mie nbjis pnlrgs lg bnegrn sgpnrnln, nprgelge y gxpgrkbgetne bîs ge lkvgrsns sktunmkiegs.  

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LG]SGE\NON].  

  His priagektirgs lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs lkspiege lg bgeis tkgbpi pnrn gh muklnli

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lgh dkoi y tkgege qug mibpnrtkr gh muklnli lg ghhis mie itrns pgrsiens mibi mneauris i his njughis. 

  His ekþis qug dne pnsnli pir uen sktunmkýe lg sgpnrnmkýe i lkvirmki lg his pnlrgs tkgege

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qug pnsnr ue trnubn y nlnptnrsg n hn eugvn sktunmkýe. Gstg trnubn gbimkienh tnbjkëe hi pir pnsne his lis gbimkienh priagektirgs.  

  N bgeuli, gh dgmdi lg sihi tgegr uen cugetg lg keargsis dnmg qug gh ekvgh gmieýbkmi ei sgn kaunh lg jugei qug ge hns cnbkhkns mie lis priagektirgs.  

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>:

 

 

G]\GCNEKN ]IZKNEI

GSIHWMKÝE LG HN CNBKHKN GE HN ZL? LG]LG GH >;=0->;306 >;30>;;066 >;;0 DN]\N HN NM\WNHKLNL >;;0 N M\WNHKLNL GSIHWMKÝE GSIHWMK ÝE LN H N CN CNBKHKN BKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH LIBK LIBKEKMNEN EKMNEN LG]LG >;70 DN]\N HN NM\WNHKLNL NM\WNH KLNL..  Ge tërbkeis lg gstrumturn cnbkhknr, hn simkglnl libkekmnen mibpnrtg mnrnmtgrâstkmns skbkhnrgs mie sus pnrgs hntkeinb hntkeinbgrkmneis. grkmneis. Mie gxmgpmkýe lg nhaueis pnâsgs, ge hn h n rgakýe prglibkeý gh pntrýe lg hn cnbkhkn eubgrisn. Ge >;70, hn tnsn ahijnh lg cgmuelklnl grn lg 7.4; dkois pir buogr6 ge :0>7 grn lg :.0;. Ge >;70, hn Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen tgeân uen tnsn lg 1.7 dkois pir buogr y ge  :0>7 grn lg :.=

 

 

mietgbpirîegis lg dnmgr cnbkhkn? vnmnmkiegs phnekckmnlns, nmtkvklnlgs muhturnhgs y lgpirtkvns nh bnrage lg hn gsmughn, nprgelkznog lg klkibns gxtrneogris, y hn ipirtueklnl lg tgegr lkcgrgetgs gxpgrkgemkns.  Hn bkarnmkýe mnbpi mkulnl libkekmnen gs gsgemknhbgetg bivkhklnl lg hn cnbkhkn6 hns rnziegs pnrn bkarnr ijglgmge pir hi agegrnh n gstulkis, trnjnoi, i nbjis. Pgri nquâ gs kbpirtnetg rgsnhtnr qug hn bkarnmkýe lg his gstrntis pijrgs dn skli dkstýrkmnbgetg gh irkage lg his sgmtirgs urjnei-pgrkcërkmis lielg hn pijrgzn urjnen gs bnyir6 ge subn, his pijrgs rurnhgs sg mievkgrtge ge pijrgs urjn urjneis. eis.

PZIJH PZI JHGBÎ\KMN GBÎ\KMN LG HN] H N] CNBKHKN] BIEIPNZGE\ BIEIPNZGE\NH NHG]. G].  Hn prijhgbîtkmn lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs gs buy nbphkn y rgpgrmutg ge bumdis îbjktis lg hn vkln mitklknen. Hn sktunmkýe lg gstns cnbkhkns ei gs dibiaëegn, pgri gh dgmdi lg qug gstëe gemnjgznlns pir sýhi uei lg his priagektirgs (agegrnhbgetg hn buogr) supieg uen prijhgbîtkmn prijhgbîtkm n mibÿe, nuequg ge mnln mnsi puglg gstnr bîs i bgeis narnvnln sgaÿe hns mkrmuestnemkns lg mnln munh y lg mkgrtns vnrknjhgs mibi ekvgh glumntkvi y lg keargsis, nmtkvklnl hnjirnh...  Hn prijhgbîtkmn lg gstns cnbkhkns hn pilgbis gemunlrnr ge lkcgrgetgs nspgmtis mibi? gh gbphgi, hn vkvkgeln, hn glumnmkýe y nspgmtis pskmisimknhgs.  GH GBPHGI, N]PGM\I] GMIEÝBKMI].

Ge muneti n hns cnbkhkns gemnjgznlns pir buogrgs, uei lg his prkemkpnhgs prijhgbns gs hn jÿsqugln lg gbphgi. Netg tili, mnjg sgþnhnr hn prgmnrkn sktunmkýe gmieýbkmn ge hn qug quglne hns bnlrgs, n hi qug dny qug nþnlkr gh prijhgbn lg hn lkcâmkh kesgrmkýe i rgkesgrmkýe lg gstns pgrsiens ge gh bueli hnjirnh. Hn jÿsqugln lg gbphgi hgs phnetgn prijhgbns, sijrg tili sk ei dny iraneksbis lg miesuhtn y irkgetnmkýe, pugs eirbnhbgetg ei snjge mýbi kecirbnrsg. Mie rgspgmti n hns gbprgsns, hns buogrgs sihns dkois ge jusmn gbphgi gstîe n prkirk pir sgr miesklgrnlns mibi mie piskjhg mnusn lglgnjsgetksbi. Ge lksmrkbkenlns nhaueis mnsis dny prgoukmkis, sijrg tili mie rgspgmti n hns bnlrgs sihtgrns (pnrn muklnr n his dkois, pir gogbphi). \nbjkëe tkgege bnyirgs lkckmuhtnlgs qug his dibjrgs n hn dirn lg gemietrnr trnjnoi, pirqug n vgmgs sg trntn lg buogrgs qug netgs ei tgeâne pricgskýe y qug lgjge jusmnr trnjnoi pir prkbgrn vgz. Mie crgmugemkn tkgege ue jnoi ekvgh lg gstulkis y uen cirbnmkýe pricgskienh kesuckmkgetg. Bumdns vgmgs, gh gstnr lgetri lgh bgrmnli hnjirnh ei anrnetkzn ue juge ekvgh lg vkln, lgjkli prgmksnbgetg n hn lksmrkbkenmkýe hnjirnh qug sucrg hn buogr mnjgzn lg cnbkhkn. Gstns buogrgs sg vge ijhkanlns n trnjnonr ge bumdis mnsis mijrneli sughlis bîs jnois qug itrns pgrsiens pir rgnhkznr gh bksbi trnjnoi.   ><

 

 

Ge subn, tneti gh ekvgh glumntkvi, glumntkv i, gh gstnli mkvkh, hn glnl, hn gxpgrkgemkn hnjirnh y gh dnjgr gstnli lglkmnln i ei n sus hnjirgs netgs lg hn sktunmkýe lg bieipnrgetnhklnl, sie cnmtirgs lgtgrbkenetgs ge his keargsis qug puglne ijtgegr gstns buogrgs mnjgzn lg cnbkhkn.  PZIJHGBÎ\KMN P]KMI]IMKNH.

]g puglg lgckekr hn prijhgbîtkmn pskmisimknh ge his skaukgetgs tërbkeis?     Hns piskjkhklnlgs lg lkstrnmmkýe y lg rghnmkiegs lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs sie bîs hkbktnlns, pkgrlge su mibpnþgri sgxunh, nsâ mibi hn nbkstnl y hn sgaurklnl qug hn rghnmkýe lg pnrgon y pnrgetnh npirtn n hn cnbkhkn. 

  Gh muklnli lg his ekþis pir pnrtg lg uei sihi lg his priagektirgs, qug lgjg privggr tnbjkëe gh sustgeti gmieýbkmi, gs tne njsirjgetg qug mietrkjuyg n mrgnr uen pgrmgpmkýe lg nkshnbkgeti.



  N bgeuli, hn rupturn lg hn mievkvgemkn cnbkhknr supieg, nlgbîs, hn grrnlkmnmkýe lgh pripki nbjkgetg, përlkln lg nbkstnlgs y rghnmkiegs.



  ]kauge sujskstkgeli, sijrg tili ge mkgrtis bglkis, prgoukmkis y nmtktulgs lg mielgen simknh dnmkn hn bnlrg sihtgrn, sgpnrnln i lkvirmknln.     Gh mieoueti lg gstns mielkmkiegs, uekli n hn jnon rgetn lg hns cnbkhkns, rgpgrmutg ge gh gstnli pskmihýakmi y câskmi lg his dkois, qug yn sg gemugetrne bîs lgscnvirgmklis. 





SKSKGELN.

Hn vkvkgeln miestktuyg uei lg his prijhgbns bîs arnvgs pnrn hns bnlrgs qug glumne sihns n sus dkois. Gh dgmdi lg qug hns mnsns ge hns qug netgrkirbgetg mievkvâne sgne dnjktunhbgetg lg pripkglnl lgh bnrkli lgh qug sg dne sgpnrnli i lkvirmknli, kbphkmn, mie hn crnabgetnmkýe lg hn mëhuhn cnbkhknr, hn përlkln lg hn vkvkgeln. Wen lg hns bnyirgs prgimupnmkiegs lg gstns cnbkhkns sughg sgr hn lg gemietrnr uen vkvkgeln lkaen pnrn pilgr vkvkr mie sus dkois, y bumdns vgmgs nmulge n sihkmktnr uen vkvkgeln simknh. Ge hn mugstkýe lg hn nskaenmkýe lg lkmdns vkvkgelns gxkstge n vgmgs lksmrkbkenmkiegs mie rgspgmti n hns bnlrgs sihns, gspgmknhbgetg hns sihtgrns, y sughge tgegr prgcgrgemkn hns cnbkhkns eubgrisns. Ge muneti n his pripkgtnrkis prkvnlis, bumdis lg ghhis sie pimi pripgesis n nhqukhnr hns vkvkgelns vkvkgelns n hns bnlrgs sihns, y tili gsti ske dnjhnr lg tilns hns lkckmuhtnlgs rghnmkienlns mie gh jnoi ekvgh lg keargsis. Dnstn ndirn, bumdis lg his nspgmtis prijhgbîtkmis bgemkienlis ge hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs, sg rgcgrâne sijrg tili n hns cnbkhkns ge hns qug gh priagektir gs hn bnlrg, pgri miesklgrnbis kbpirtnetg tnbjkëe bgemkienrn hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs muyi mnjgzn lg cnbkhkn gs gh pnlrg, qug, nuequg ge bgeir pripirmkýe, tnbjkëe gxkstge.  

>7

 

 

Gstg tkpi lg cnbkhkns gs bkeirân lgetri lgh eÿbgri lg cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs gxkstgetgs ge hn simkglnl, pgri ei pilgbis ihvklnr qug gstg dgmdi sg ln tnbjkëe ge hn nmtunhklnl, y qug mnln vgz bîs hn tgelgemkn gs n su kemrgbgeti lgjkli sijrg tili n his mnbjkis lg bgetnhklnl y lg mistubjrgs qug gstîe sumglkgeli.   Gstns cnbkhkns tnbjkëe sg gecrgetne n his prijhgbns bgemkienlis netgrkirbgetg lg rkgsai lg pijrgzn, lg cnhtn lg tkgbpi tkgbpi pnrn muklnr n his dkois y lg mibpntkjkhkznr gh muklnli lg his bksbis mie gh trnjnoi, prijhgbns lg ketgarnmkýe y lg gstkabn, pgri hn lkcgrgemkn bîs skaekckmntkvn gs qug his dibjrg dibjrgss ei sucrge hn lksmrkbkenmkýe hnjirn hnjirnhh ge hn bglkln ge qug hi puglg pnlgmgr hn buogr.   His prijhgbns prijhgbns lg ëstis sg mgetrne bîs ge gh nspgmti lg su mnpnmklnl lg hhgvnr n mnji hn glumnmkýe lg sus dkois y hns tnrgns lgh dianr, gs lgmkr, lg nsubkr gh rih qug trnlkmkienhbgetg dn skli nsubkli pir hn buogr. Pir itri hnli, mibpnrtge mie hns bnlrgs sihns gh gstrës qug mnusn hhgvnr n mnji nbjis rihgs, nuequg hgs ncgmtn lg bnegrn lkcgrgetg lkcgrgetg qug n ëstns. Ge his mnsis ge his qug his dibjrgs dnyne gstnli kevihumrnlis ge gh muklnli mitklknei lg his dkois y ge mibpnrtkr hns tnrgns lgh dianr, hgs supielrî bgeis gscugrzi nlnptnrsg nh eugvi rih6 pgri ge mietrnpiskmkýe n gsti, n bglkln qug gstuvkgrne dnjktunlis n gogrmgr gh rih trnlkmkienh lg «pnlrg qug trnjnon y hhgvn gh sustgeti nh dianr¶, tgelrîe bîs lkckmuhtnlgs pnrn nmistubjrnrsg. Gstg gs gh bksbi cgeýbgei qug hg imurrg n hn buogr ge gh îbjkti hnjirnh y ge hn gscgrn lg hi pÿjhkmi. Kaunhbgetg mibpnrtge, mibi yn dgbis lkmdi, hns lkckmuhtnlgs lg hhgvnr n mnji uen vkln simknh eirbnh mibpntkjkhkzneli tnrgns lgh dianr, muklnli lg his dkois y trnjnoi.  

>3

 

 

CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH BIEIPNZGE\NH [ PIHÂ\KMN PIHÂ\KMN ]IMK ]IMKNH NH.. MIELKMKIENE\G] MIELK MKIENE\G] LG HN PIHÂ\KMN CNBKH CNBKHKNZ. KNZ.  

Hn nusgemkn lg gstulkis g kevgstkanmkiegs kbpklg mieimgr hn rgnhklnl simkihýakmn lg gstns cnbkhkns, y pir tneti nliptnr hns bglklns bîs mievgekgetgs i nyulns simknhgs pgrtkegetgs pnrn mie gstg mihgmtkvi6 pgri, pgsg n qug gstg mihgmtkvi gstî gvihumkieneli n pnsis nakanetnlis (hi munh dn rgtrnsnli hn pugstn ge bnrmdn lg gstns bglklns) gs kelulnjhg qug hns mkrmuestnemkns lg hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs sie pnrtkmuhnrbgetg nlvgrsns, pir hi qug dnjrân lg lksgþnrsg uen pihâtkmn mieckaurnln pnrn ntgeunr his gcgmtis egantkvis qug lgrkvne lg gstn mkrmuestnemkn. Hn ntgemkýe prgstnln ge eugstris lâns n hn bieipnrgetnhklnl gs mrgmkgetg, pgri hn sktunmkýe simknh lg gstns buogrgs qug hi pritnaiekzne ei lgon lg sgr lgckmkgetg y hâbktg. Hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs gstîe vkemuhnlns nh prijhgbn lg hn cgbkekznmkýe lg hn pijrgzn. ]ie buogrgs qug dne lg dnmgr crgetg n hns mkrmuestnem mkrmuestnemkns kns gmieýb gmieýbkmns, kmns, pir ue hnli, y n hn h n rgspiesnj rgspiesnjkhklnl khklnl lg hn glumnmkýe y muklnli lg sus dkois pir itri. Ei mugetne mie his rgmursis suckmkgetgs pnrn snhkr n chitg y, rizneli hn mielkmkýe lg bnrakenhklnl, bnlrg g dkois sie vâmtkbns lg ue pneirnbn lgsihnlir. Skvge ge pgrbnegetg sktunmkýe lg pijrgzn sgvgrn i prýxkbn n ghhn, n hi qug sg nþnlg ei sýhi gh jnoi ekvgh muhturnh, kesuckmkgetg cirbnmkýe pricgskienh i jnois ekvghgs lg rgetn lg gstns buogrgs (qug lrnbntkzne nÿe bîs hn sktunmkýe) skei hn irane iranekznmkýe kznmkýe simknh vkagetg ge hn qug lgjkgrne pilgr lgsgevihvgrsg, pir gstnr gstrumturnln cuelnbgetnhbgetg pnrn cnbkhkns jkpnrgetnhgs. Hi qug gs gvklgetg gs qug hns miesgmugemkns lg gstg «eugvi¶ primgsi sie bîs qug skaekckmntkvns mibi pnrn sgr tibnlns ge miesklgrnmkýe. Ge vkstn, ei sýhi lgh kemrgbgeti lg crgmugemkn lg gstns buogrgs skei tnbjkëe lg his kbpirtnetgs primgsis qug sg gstîe prilumkgeli ge su mnusnhklnl, sg gstîe phnetgneli (nuequg tilnvân bilgstnbgetg) nhauens bglklns pnrn sujsnenr gstn lgckmkgemkn, y sg dne kbpuhsnli kevgstkanmkiegs skstgbîtkmns ge gstg tgrrgei. Nÿe y tili sg miestntn qug gh lëckmkt lg sgrvkmkis simknhgs gspgmâckmis lkrkaklis n lkstketis mihgmtkvis lg cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs gs kbpirtnetg. Ei gxkstge ek suckmkgetgs kestktumkiegs kestktumkiegs lg nyuln ek suckmkget suckmkgetgs gs kestrubgetis muhturnhgs pnrn ncrietnr hn qukgjrn lg gsg supugsti kbphâmkti lg jkpnrgetnhklnl. Pilgbis gemietrnr, nue hkbktnlnbgetg, nyulns gmieýbkmns, pgri itrns sie tnbjkëe egmgsnrkns? dnrîe cnhtn ei tneti bglklns hganhgs mibi gstrntgakns muhturnhgs y lg sihklnrklnl pnrn gecrgetnrsg n gstn lkcâmkh sktunmkýe. Ge gstg sgetkli, hn gvihumkýe dkstýrkmn lgbugstrn qug gstg cgeýbgei sg prgvë ge nsmgesi y hn cnhtn lg uen pihâtkmn cnbkhknr ge Gspnþn narnvn his prijhgbns prijhgbns qug ncgmtne n hns cnbkhkns (bîs eitirknbgetg n gstg tkpi lg cnbkhkns). ]k jkge ge Gspnþn sg dn kemklkli >1

 

 

ge gh cibgeti lgh gbphgi lg hns buogrgs qug gemnjgzne cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs, hn mibpgesnmkýe pÿjhkmn lg mnrans cnbkhknrgs ge Gspnþn gs buy jnon, pir hi qug kegvktnjhgbgetg gstns cnbkhkns (getrg itrns) sie gspgmknhbgetg vuhegrnjhgs n sucrkr sktunmkiegs lg pijrgzn. Hn gsmnsn pritgmmkýe pritg mmkýe simk simknh nh n gstns cnbkhkns mie ekvghgs lg kear keargsis gsis bâekbis, hn prkvntkznmkýe lgh mistg lg hn mrknezn lg his dkois oueti mie gh ghgvnli rkgsai lg pijrgzn, dnjhne ge cnvir lg uen rgirkgetnmkýe lg hn pihâtkmn cnbkhknr. Gs ue rgti kbpirtnetg, nÿe bîs ge Gspnþn, lielg hn cnbkhkn eumhgnr gstî buy nsgetnln, pgri gs egmgsnrki nmtunr ske lkhnmkýe. BN\ZKBIEKI, BN\ZKBIEK I, LKSIZMKI LKSIZMKI,, ]GPN ]GPNZNMKÝE ZNMKÝE [ BIEIPNZGE\NH BIEIPNZGE\NHKLNL. KLNL.

N pgsnr lg his mnbjkis lgsmrktis ge hns gstrumturns lg cnbkhkn, gh eÿbgri lg bntrkbiekis ge hn Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen sg bnetkgeg miestnetg. Nlgbîs, ge hn Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen hns uekiegs lg dgmdi (hkjrgs) dne miestktukli uen ipmkýe lg cirbnmkýe lg pnrgons qug tkgeg rnâmgs dkstýrkmns buy pricuelns, ue dgmdi qug mietrnstn mie hn arne kechugemkn lgh mntihkmksbi y hn miemgpmkýe lgh bntrkbieki mibi gstntus hgaâtkbi lg hn pnrgon. Bîs kbpirtnetg nÿe, hn sgetgemkn lg hn ]uprgbn Mirtg lg Oustkmkn (>1 lg imtujrg lg :00>), qug rgmieimg his lgrgmdis mietrnâlis pir uen pnrgon lg dgmdi ge kaunhlnl lg mielkmkiegs nh bntrkbieki mkvkh, dn gstnjhgmkli prijnjhgbgetg hn ourksprulgemkn bîs kbpirtnetg ge bntgrkn lg lgrgmdi lg cnbkhkn, gstnjhgmkgel gstnjhgmkgeli i hn hgaktkb h gaktkbklnl klnl lg hns uekiegs lg dgmdi jnoi mkgrtns mnrnmtgrâstkmns Hn tnsn lg lkvirmkis tnbjkëe ijsgrvn uen tgelgemkn kbpirtnetg. Lntis ickmknhgs lg hn Ickmken Enmkienh lg Gstnlâstkmns (IEG) nrrione qug ue 4

 

 

pnrgons eugvns lg his pnlrgs, y lksbkeumkýe lg hn nmmkýe lgh pnlrg Vi hn bnlrgR mie ëh/hn qug ei mievkvge¶. Gsti eis hhgvn n ue tgrmgr ghgbgeti? hn prgpielgrnemkn lg hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh, qug rgprgsgetn nprixkbnlnbgetg gh % sie dianrgs lkrkaklis pir b buogrgs. uogrgs. Nlgbîs, gs kbpirtnetg rgmirlnr qug hns gstnlâstkmns lgbugstrne mntgaýrkmnbgetg mntgaýrkmnbgetg qug hn h n pijrgzn ncgmtn bîs n dianrgs bieipnrgetnhgs lkrkaklis pir buogrgs

>;

 

 

[NON KLN ]ÎEMDG_ [NONKLN

MNZNM\GZÂ]\KMN] ]IMKIGMIEÝBKMN] LG HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NHG] GE ZGPßJHKMN LIBKEKMNEN. HN MZK]K] LG HN CNBKHKN GE ZL. PIZ ZWJËE BIZG\N.

Hn cnbkhkn trnlkmkienh gs uen kestktumkýe qug pnlgmg uen arne mrksks y crnmmkienbkgeti. Hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh (lkrkakln pir ue sihi mýeyuag) ei ijstnetg sus miesgmugemkns egantkvns ge hn gmieibân libëstkmn libëstkmn y ge hn mrknezn lg his dkois, gs hn hýak hýakmn mn libkenetg ge hn simkglnl libkekmnen, yn qug gh 70% lg his dianrgs gstîe lkrkaklis pir buogrgs sihtgrns. Ge Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen dny ue nubgeti priargskvi lg hn ogcnturn cgbgeken lg dianrgs? ge :003 grn lg ue =0.1%6 ge :00; cug lg => y diy gs lgh 70%. Gh lnti gs gsmnhicrknetg, pirqug skaekckmn qug bîs lg trgs bkhhiegs lg pgrsiens vkvge ge dianrgs lkrkaklis y privgâlis sihi pir buogrgs. buogrgs. Gxkstg ue rkgsai rkgs ai pgrbnegetg lg pijrgzn ge his dianrgs bieipnrgetnhgs, pirqug hn buogr lgjg nsubkr getgrnbgetg hn bneutgemkýe cnbkhknr, lgjkli n hn krrgspiesnjkhklnl lgh pnlrg, qukge, trns hn sgpnrnmkýe, sughg ghulkr hn rgspiesnjkhklnl gmieýbkmn crgetg n his dkois, hi munh gs ue bgmneksbi lg vkihgemkn gmieýbkmn ketrncnbkhknr. Nskbksbi, ge hn Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen mibkgezn n dnmgrsg eitirkn hn Cnbkhkn Nliptkvn, qug sie pnrgons qug pir rnziegs lg snhul i lg glnl lgmklge i gstîe kbpiskjkhktnlis lg tgegr dkois jkihýakmis y prgckgrge nliptnrhis. Hn Cnbkhkn ]ke Dkois mibkgezn tnbjkëe n piskmkienrsg, gspgmknhbgetg ge ghgbgetis lg mhnsg bglkn, qug njlkmne lg tgegr lgsmgelgemkn, pirqug pgrskauge ëxkti gmieýbkmi i pricgskienh y vge ge his dkois ue mietrntkgbpi. Ei dny gstnlâstkmns lg gstis arupis.

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 N]PGM\I] P]KMIHÝAKMI P]KMIH ÝAKMI LG HN H N CN CNBKH BKHKN KN BIEIPNZGE\N BIE IPNZGE\NH H G]. His nspgmtis pskmihýakmis n gvnhunr lgetri lgh îbjkti lg hns cnbkhkns bieipn bieipnrgetnhgs rgetnhgs sg lne ge lis lkrgmmkiegs, lgslg hn ýptkmn lgh pnlrg i bnlrg y lgslg hn lgh dkoi i dkois. Ge gstg tkpi lg cnbkhkn his dkois tkgelge n sgr nutisuc nutisuckmkgetgs. kmkgetgs. Hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs tkgege rgmursis y ekvghgs lkcgrgemknlis lg iranekznmkýe6 hn dnjkhklnl pnrn snhkr nlghnetg lgh priagektir kechukrî ge su mnpnmklnl pnrn bnetgegr hn ketgarnmkýe cnbkhknr nh bksbi tkgbpi qug sg nlnptn n hns tgeskiegs mnbjknetgs lgh bglki y egmgsklnlgs gvihutkvns lg his bkgb bkgbjris jris cnbkhknrgs. Hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh qug sg miecirbn n pnrtkr lg hn sgpnrnmkýe i bugrtg lg uei lg sus mýeyuags sucrg ue pgrkili lg strgss kbpirtnetg, dnstn nhmneznr ue eugvi gqukhkjrki ge su cuemkienbkgeti, tneti n ekvgh ketgrei lg sus bkgbjris, mibi n ekvgh lg rghnmkýe mie gh getirei simknh, mie su gmiskstgbn simknh. Ëstg strgss strgss,, puglg sgr pisktkvi ((ge ge tneti qug mmibi ibi tiln mrksks mrk sks agegrn eugvns piskjkhklnlgs lg lgsnrrihhi), sk sg mibjken mie itris gstrgsirgs simknhgs mibi his gstgrgitkpis y his bktis muhturnhgs, i mie sktunmkiegs lg prgmnrkglnl gmieýbkmn i lg pijrgzn y pir tneti, lg gxmhuskýe puglg, nlgbîs lg buhtkphkmnr his gcgmtis eimkvis pnrn hn cnbkhkn y sus bkgbjris, hhganr n gequkstnr gh primgsi lg lgsnrrihhi lg hn ueklnl cnbkhknr ge hn ghnjirnmkýe lg hns tnrgns psâqukmns pir pnrtg lg sus bkgbjris (Naketznrk, >;;3). Pnrn Mneivns y Nhjn, (:0>:) hns bnlrgs gogrmge hn nutirklnl lg uen cirbn nutimrîtkmn, qug sg mnrnmtgrkzn pir gh usi lg mnstkai câskmi y/i vgrjnh hi munh puglg hhgvnr n lkckmuhtnr hn cirbn lg rghnmkienrsg getrg his bkgbjris lg hn cnbkhkn, y gs miesklgrnln rkgsaisn pnrn gh lgsnrrihhi lg mielumtns prijhgbîtkmns ge ekþis y ekþns lnln hn nusgemkn lgh pnlrg y/i gh kemubphkbkgeti lg cuemkiegs lg muklnli y cirbnmkýe qug hg mirrgspielge, agegrneli vnmâis vnmâis ncgmtkvis ge sus dkois y rgmnran ge hn buogr (p. :). Pnrn gstg bksbi nutir, ge hn bieipn bieipnrgetnhkln l bnsmuhken prgvnhgmgge gh nutirktnr nutirktnrksbi, ksbi,lg hn pgrbkskvklnl y hn kemieskstgemkn, hirgetnhklnl munh agegrn nhtgrnmkiegs gh primgsi simknhkznmkýe lg his ekþis. Gsti imurrg pirqug gh pnlrg gogrmg nsâ hn nutirklnl i pirqug nmulg n itrns pgrsiens lg su cnbkhkn gxtgesn pnrn gh muklnli lg sus dkois/dkons, hhgvneli gsti n qug sg lge miecuskiegs ge gh bnegoi lg gstg primgsi rgauhnlir lg hn vkln cnbkhknr. Mie rghnmkýe nh lgsnrrihhi pskmisimknh lg his ekþis, sg lgsnrrihhn gh npgai, mrgneli ue vâemuhi dubnei prkbnrki y pricueli. Pnrn Mnjrgrn, Augvnrn & Jnrrgrn (:003) hn rgl cnbkhknr sg rgiranekzn y hns rghnmkiegs sg rglgckege pgrbnegetgbgetg6 ge hns ketgrnmmkiegs egantkvns ge hn cnbkhkn puglge mrgnrsg lgsnoustgs pskmihýakmis ge his dkois. N pnrtkr lg his gstulkis hhgvnlis n mnji pir Lk Jîrtihi (:0>3) sg puglg lgmkr qug hn bieipnrgetnhklnl gs ue cnmtir lg rkgsai ge gh lgsnrrihhi lgh ekþi.

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]gaÿe gh bneunh lg pskmihiaân lg Qnlg y \nvrks (:00=), ge mkrmuestnemkns gstrgsnetgs qug sg sistkgege pir ue tkgbpi lgtgrbkenli ge gh getirei cnbkhknr gs piskjhg qug his jgjgs nlqukgrne ue npgai kesgauri, lgsnrrihhneli bkgli n quglnrsg sihis, sk su cnbkhkn gstî pnsneli ue bibgeti lg gstrës mrýekmi, mibi sumglg ge gh lkvirmki lg his pnlrgs. Pîgz, Cgreîelgz, Cgreîe lgz, Mnbpis, _ujkgtn, & Mnsuhhi, Mnsuhh i, (:003) ge su trnjnoi sijrg npgai y vâemuhis pnrgetnhgs, mktne n Bkmfghsie, fgsshgr & ]dnvgr (>; (>;;1) ;1) qukgegs gxphkmne qug hn bnhn mnhklnl lg hn rghnmkýe, hn nusgemkn, sgpnrnmkýe i gh njneliei pir uei lg his pnlrgs y gh lkvirmki sie cnmtirgs kechuygetgs ge gh npgai kesgauri. Pir hi tneti, sg puglg pgesnr qug dny lis piskjhgs gsmgenrkis ge gstis ekþis, pir ue hnli, ge rghnmkýe mie gh tkpi lg npgai gvktntkvi, gstis ekþis, nh ei gemietrnr n su ckaurn lkspiekjhg, dnjkgeli skli kaeirnlis, rgmdnznlis, i lkstirskieneli sus egmgsklnlgs, nrbne su pripki skstgbn nlnptntkvi ge gh qug, crgetg n hn egmgsklnl jusmne i gspgrne pimi lg ghhn. Ge hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs, gh pnlrg prgsgetg tkgelg n sgetkr sgetkbkgetis lg neskglnl i lgprgskiegs miestnetgs, lgjkli n hn arne rgspiesnjkhklnl qug miehhgvn hhgvnr ue dianr sihi/n6 gs pir ghhi qug gstg tkpi lg nbjkgetg cnbkhknr mnranli lg miechkmtis ketgrpgrsienhgs privimn lëckmkt ge gh lgsnrrihhi gbimkienh y agegrn lkstketis ekvghgs lg neskglnl y lg lgsýrlg lgsýrlgegs egs neskisis (Oidesie >;;4), gspgmknhbget gspgmknhbgetg, g, sk his pnlrgs sucrge lg neskglnl y/i lgprgskýe y sk sg prilumge miechkmtis y lksmirlkns ge cirbn sistgekln.

MNZNM\GZÂ]\KMN] LG HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NHG].   ]gaÿe lkvgrsis nutirgs, dny mkgrtns mnrnmtgrâstkmns mrumknhgs qug lgckege sk sg trntn lg uen sktunmkýe lg bieipnrgetnhklnl i ei, gstns sie? n) Gmieýbkmn6 j) Prîmtkmn (kbphkmn lgpgelgemkn pir pnrtg lg his dkois dnmkn gh priagektir)6 m) Hganh6 l) Mievkvgemkn i ei lgh priagektirr mie eugvn pnrgon, gs lgmkr, rgmiestktukl priagekti rgmiestktukln. n. Muneli dnjhnb dnjhnbis is lg mnrnmtgrâstkmns lg hns cnb cnbkhkns khkns bieip bieipnrgetnhgs, nrgetnhgs, eis rgcgrkb rgcgrkbis is n rnsais mibuegs, prijhgbîtkmn pskmisimknh y piskjhgs cugetgs lg gstrës? Znsaispërlkln mibuegs. cnbkhkns gemnjgzne pir ue pnlrg6sihglnl, qug dn trkstgzn, sgetkli nhauen pir Gstns hi tneti skgetg sg tkgeg sgetkbkgetis lg sihi neskglnl, muhpnjkhklnl, y rnjkn. Gxkstg uen tgelgemkn bnrmnln n qug gh pnlrg prgsgetg ge gh dianr bieipnrgetnh sgn hn bnlrg. Prijhgbîtkmn p skmisim knh. Ge gh îbjkti simknh his pnlrgs lg cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs Prijhgbîtkmn tkgege uen bnrmnln lkckmuhtnl lg gemietrnr trnjnoi, bumdns vgmgs, pir su ekvgh lg gsmihnrklnl, i pir su cirbnmkýe pricgskienh, itrns vgmgs tkgege lkckmuhtnlgs pnrn miemkhknr nmtkvklnlgs cugrn lgh dianr, pirqug ge gh mnsi lg hns bnlrgs, pir gogbphi, tkgege qug muklnr n his ekþis nh bksbi tkgbpi qug trnjnone, y his sgrvkmkis lg nmiakln i ei gstîe nh nhmnemg lg su bnei, i ei njnrmne ue dirnrki ge gh qug hn bksbn, pugln sgr titnhbgetg kelgpgelkgetg, ge gh phnei hnjirnh.

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Gxkstg uen tgelgemkn lg mnrnmtgrkznr hn bieipnrgetnhklnl mie hn pijrgzn y hn rupturn lgh dianr, nuequg hns prkemkpnhgs mnusns lg hn bieipnrgetnhklnl ei skgbprg gstëe suogtns n gstis cnmtirgs yn qug puglge rgspielgr n uen ipmkýe lg vkln. ]g puglg nþnlkr tnbjkëe ue cnmtir muhturnh ge rghnmkýe n hn nmgptnmkýe lg gstns cirbns cnbkhknrgs mugstkýe sijrg hn qug rgchgxkiene Aurnf y Akhjgrtsie (>;;0, >;;:), piskjhgbgetg lg mnrîmtgr gbnemkpnlir. Hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs puglge sucrkr pijrgzn mie bumdn bîs prijnjkhklnl qug hns cnbkhkns jkpnrgetnhgs6 ei sýhi pir pgrmkjkr ÿekmnbgetg uen cugetg lg keargsis (mietneli mie hn sugrtg lg qug gh tutir pugln miesgaukr trnjnoi ge uen rgnhklnl nzitnln pir hn mrksks gmieýbkmn), skei tnbjkëe pir gh tkgbpi lg muklnli qug tkgeg qug gbphgnr ue pnlrg i uen bnlrg ske nyuln pnrn muklnr n sus dkois. Nlgbîs, kemhusi ge gh lnli mnsi lg qug gh priagektir pugln tgegr ue trnjnoi, gh dgmdi lg egmgsktnr bîs pgrbksis pnrn muklnr n sus dkois ge mnsn i nmibpnþnrhis nh dispktnh ge mnsi lg qug gecgrbge, hgs puglg mihimnr ge uen sktunmkýe lknen lg piskjhg lgspkli ge bumdns gbprgsns prkvnlns.

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OIZBGHK] MNJN OIZBGHK] MNJ N  

G]\ZWM\WZN, G]\ZWM \WZN, ZIHG] [ HN BWOGZ GE HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH GE ZGPWJHKMN LIBKEKMNEN.   G]\ZWM\WZN LG HN CNBKHKN BIEIPNZGE\NH.

Hns cnbkhkns c nbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs sie pricuelnbgetg lkvgr lkvgrsns sns getrg sâ, ggogbphi ogbphi his skaukgetgs eÿmhgis bieipnrgetnhgs qug cugrne cnbkhkns buy lkcgrgetgs rgspgmti n sus mielkmkiegs lg vkln? >. Hn bnlrg/p bnlrg/pnlrg nlrg nlihgsmgetg mie su jgjg, vkvkgeli nbjns mie his njughis. :. Hn bnlrg/pnlrg sgpnrnli qug vkvg mie sus dkois lg lkcgrgetgs glnlgs. =. Hn bnlrg qug vkvg sihn mie sus dkois y trnjnon hkbpkneli dianrgs pir dirns. < nþis mie dibjrgs bumdi bnyirgs qug ghhns. Grn gh pnlrg qukge hg gemietrnjn bnrkli y lksmutân hn litg. Ghhn pnsnjn n sgr pripkglnl lgh bnrkli mibi netgs hi dnjân skli lg su pnlrg y ge mnsi lg gevkulnr lg su dkoi. Hn glumnmkýe lg hns buogrgs gstnjn irkgetnln n su cuemkýe mibi gspisn. Hns ekþns nprgelâne n dkhnr y tgogr, bÿskmn y n timnr hn hkrn. ]u glumnmkýe tgrbkenjn mie gh bntrkbieki. Ei ijstnetg, hn buogr tkgeg ue pnpgh kbpirtnetg ge hn mrgnmkýe, cirbnmkýe y bnetgekbkgeti lg vnhirgs. Mie gh pnsi lg his nþis hn buogr cug jusmneli su piskmkýe ge hn simkglnl y pir su pugsti su vnhir mibi tnh. Ge hn nmtunhklnl, gh lgsnrrihhi tgmeihýakmi y simknh pgrbktge n hn buogr nhtgrenr lkcgrgetgs pnpghgs. ]gr bnlrg, gspisn, gogmutkvn, gbphgnln y nbn lg mnsn, sie cuemkiegs tilns lg hn bksbn kbpirtne k bpirtnemkn, mkn, n hhns ns qug ghhn kbprkbg su sghhi kemiecuel kemiecuelkjhg? kjhg? gh lg buogr. :<

 

 

Ge hn pnhgstrn pÿjhkmn gh tgbn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh mnbjkn titnhbgetg hn gstrumturn cnbkhknr, lgjkli n qug hn buogr lgjg lg mubphkr n mnjnhklnl hn glumnmkýe, sustgeti, mrknezn, y supgrvkskýe lg his dkois ge tilis his nspgmtis y simkglnl. G]\G ZIH ZIH LG H HN N BWOGZ PWGLG NBPHKNZ BN].

Pir hi agegrnh ge his tkgbpis pnsnlis sg miesklgrnjn uen lgsdiern qug his bnrklis njnelienrne his dianrgs i qug hns oivgemktns quglnrne gbjnrnznlns ske dnjgr cirbnli sus dianrgs i tgegr sgaurklnl lg qug tgelrîe uen ckaurn pntgren, pugsti qug hns cnbkhkns sg vgâne ge hn ijhkanmkýe lg gsmielgrhns pir ue lgtgrbkenli tkgbpi tk gbpi y lgmhnrnr n his dkois lg gsns mibi dkois lgh bntrkbieki, gs lgmkr qug gemujrâne lkmdi nmti nmiakgeli n his dkois lg sus dkons mibi pripkis. Lg hn ÿekmn cirbn qug hhganjn n lnrsg gh mnsi lg cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh grn pir hn pgrlkln lg uen lg hns lis ckaurns, hi qug ei pgrbnegmân nsâ pir bumdi tkgbpi lgjkli n qug gstis tgeâne hn ipirtuekln ipirtueklnll lg mnsnrsg eugvn vgz. Ge rgpÿjhkmn libkekmnen nhrglglir lg ue tgrmki (==.=%) lg his dianrgs nh ekvgh enmkienh tkgeg hn ckaurn lg uen buogr mibi ogcn lgh dianr. Zgchgoneli qug pir mnln dianr lkrkakli pir uen buogr dny lis lkrkaklis pir gh dibjrg. Ge miesgmugemkn lg gsti, hns buogr buogr mibi mnjgzn lg hn cnbkhkn nlgbîs lg mrknr n sus dkois, lgjg vgr pir su glumnmkýe y egmgsklnlgs gbimkienhgs onbîs gemietrnrn ue trnjnoi lielg sg rgspgtne sus mielkmkiegs lg kaunhlnl i ei puglge nmmglgr n gbphgis lg bnyir rgbuegrnmkýe, gh dgmdi lg imupnr bîs tkgbpis ge gh trnjnoi kbphkmn ei pilgr ntgelgr jkge n sus dkois, lgjkgeli njnelienr gh mnbpi hnjirnh pnrn gh munh gstî mnpnmktnli mnpnmktn li i rglumkr su oirenln lg trnjnoi pnrn pilgr imupnrsg lg his pg pgqugþis, qugþis, trnygeli gsti mibi miesgmugemkn, hn lksbkeumkýe lgh keargsi gmieýbkmi lg hn buogr.

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MIEMHW]KIE. Hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs, gemkgrrne ue mieoueti lg sktunmkiegs qug hg lne irkage (lkvirmkis, sgpnrnmkiegs, cnhhgmkbkgetis, bkarnmkiegs, gemnrmghnmkýe, bitkvis hnjirnhgs) ske gbjnrai, tilis his mnsis, kestktuyge gh mnbj mnbjki, ki, mielumge dnmkn gh rgirlgenbkgeti, hn bilkckmnmkýe i jÿsquglns lg nhtgrentkvns lkcgrgetgs n hns utkhkznlns dnstn gsg bibgeti ge cuemkýe lg sntkscnmgr hns egmgsklnlgs lg hn cnbkhkn. Hn cnbkhkn bieipnrgetnh, agegrnhbgetg dn skli nsimknln mie sktunmkiegs prijhgbîtkmns, ge lgtrkbgeti lg hn ckaurn cgbgeken y lg his dkois qug vkvge n su mnrai6 ske gbjnrai, ei tilis his mnsis rgprgsgetne rgprgsgetne rkgsai simknh, ek egmgsktne hn nskstgemkn simknh i prgstnmkiegs gmieýbkmns nskaenlns pir vân aujgrenbgetnh. ]k sg tkgege ge mugetn hns prijhgbîtkmns gmieýbkmns pir hns qug ntrnvkgsn gh pnâs, gs egmgsnrki gh rgirlgenbkgeti lg hns prgstnmkiegs lg nskstgemkn simknh lg tkpi biegtnrki, pgri ei lg cirbn nrjktrnrkn, skei ge mirrgspielgemkn mie his mnsis bîs mrâtkmis. N trnvës lg his bglkis bnskvis lg mibuekmnmkýe gs piskjhg kemhukr priarnbns priarnbns lg npiyi rgmgptkvis n hn prijhgbîtkmn lg pnlrgs g dkois mie hn ckenhklnl lg npirtnr rgmursis glumntkvis g kestrumtkvis n hns cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs. ]g mrgnrâne nsâ mielkmkiegs cnvirnjhgs lg npiyi libëstkmi ge hns tnrgns y rgspiesnjkhklnlgs cnbkhknrgs cnbkhknrgs y ge gspgmknh, hns lg ntgemkýe n his dkois bgeirgs lgpgelkgetgs, nlgbîs lg hn tibn lg miemkgemkn simknh, sijrg hn kbpirtnemkn lg hn pntgreklnl y hn bntgreklnl rgspiesnjhg. rgspiesnjhg.

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JKJHKIAZNCÂN dttps?//www.bgtrirl.li/li/eitkmkns/:0>3/>>/:=/cnbkhkns-bieipnrgetnhgs-anenegspnmki-pnks.dtbh   gspnmki-pnks.dtbh dttps?//gs.wkfkpglkn.ira/wkfk/CnbkhknYbieipnrgetnh   dttps?//www.rgsgnrmdantg.egt/pujhkmntkie/=>4;10=40YMIBPNZNMKIEYLGYMIECHKM\ I]YGBIMKIENHG]YGEYCNBKHKN]YBIEIPNZGE\NHG]Y[YEWMHGNZG]   I]YGBIMKIENHG]YGEYCNBKHKN]YBIEIPNZGE\NHG]Y[YEWMHGNZG] dttps?//hkstkelknrki.mib/hn-vkln/:0>4/01/:;13, \ibi KK, PP. 37= Miestktumkýe Pihâtkmn lg Zgpÿjhkmn Libkekmnen Hgy >=3-0= Mýlkai lgh Bgeir. Njghîe, B. N., & Envnrrn, G. S. (:0>3/03/ s/:0>3/03/Cnbkhkns-Bieipn Cnbkhkns-Bieipnrget.-B.rget.-B.Non-Nmtunhkznli-:, >4). Lgsnrrihhi pskmisimknh pskmisimknh ge ekþis ge cnbkhkns bieipnrge bieipnrgetnhgs. tnhgs. Chirgs Dgerâqugz, B. [., & _nbirn Nhgbîe, F. H. (:0>7). Kechugemkn lg hn cnb cnbkhkn khkn bieipnrgetnh ge hns rghnmkiegs ketgrpgrsienhgs lg ekþis y ekþns lg >0 n >: nþis, Mnetgrn-Mkulnl ]nelkei, KK sgbgstrg :0>< (Limtirnh lkssgrtntkie, Wekvgrsklnl Enmkienh Nutýeibn lg Ekmnrnaun, Bnenaun).  Nhbgln, Ghkznjgt y HHuks HHuks Chnqugr? Chnqugr? ‘Hns cnbkhkns cnbkhkns bieipnrget bieipnrgetnhgs nhgs ge Gspnþn. Gspnþn. Ketgrenmkienh lgp.=3. ]imkihiaân . ZK].Lkspiekjhg geciqug mrâtkmi‒. Ge Zgvkstnei>>, We Gspnþn. \grmgrn ëpimn, bnyi-naisti,>;;7, ge dttp?//www.lkjn.gs/cirubguripn/ dttp?//www.lk jn.gs/cirubguripn/phnegs:/ phnegs:/ (:00;, oueki:3, :?>0 Pb.)

Jnrrýe Hýpgz, ]nrn? ‘Cnbkhkns bieipnrgetnhgs? ue gogrmkmki lg mhnrkckmnmkýe miemgptunh y simkihýakmn.‒ Ge Zgvkstn Bkekstgr Bkekstgrki ki lg \rnjnoi y Nsuetis ]imknhgs.

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 NEGTI].

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