Fallas y Averías en Proceso Industrial de Yogurt

 

_IL^O]RLGDG IDBLCIDF GO BAL@MC]D[C  NDB_FWDG GO LIJOILO]ÀD  DJ]CLIG_RW]LD D_WC@DWL[DBLÒI \ @DIWOIL@LOIWC LIG_RW]LDF ‐ 

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WO@D; NDFFDR \ D^O]ÀDR (GLDJ]D@D GO UD]OWC  ‒  GLDJ]D@D  GLDJ]D@D BD_RD \

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ONOBWC)‐  LIWOJ]DIWOR;   @D]LD KCRO MD][CFD WC]]OR

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  DLRAD \D]LID N_O]O[ ULFFDF_LRD

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  \_G\ IDWADF\ WOIO BAD@MD

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  @D]\FLI @LRAOFF \DIDBDFFC BCIFDJC

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B_]RC; ROQWC RO@ORW]O GCBOIWO; LIJ. KCRÌ BDM]O]D NOBAD; =/=5=4

]LCMD@MD  ‒  OB_DGC]  OB_DGC]

 

 

4  Wo`d ‖Ndffds y Dvoràds (Gldjrd`d go Udrotc  ‒  Gldjrd`d  Gldjrd`d Bdusd y Onobtc)‐ 

=  Cmkotlvc joiordf Lgoitlnlbdr `ogldito rovlslòi mlmflcjränlbd fds pcslmfos ndffds y dvoràds quo so prcguboi oi fd ofdmcrdblòi ligustrldf go ycjurt y prlcrlzdrfds bci dyugd go aorrd`loitds go bdflgdg.

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Cmkotlvcs ospobànlbcs

  Joiordr gldjrd`d Bdusd-Onobtc bcislgordigc bcislgordigc fds >@ quo litorvloioi oi of

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 prcbosc ligustrldf ligustrldf go ycjurt.  

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Crjdilzdr fds prliblpdfos ndffds bci dyugd go gldjrd`d go Udrotc.

7  @drbc toòrlbc 7.4  Ndffds y Dvoràds Bdgd ndffd quo so puogo prosoitdr oi uid pfditd go prcbosc, roprosoitd ui rlosjc pctoibldf,  pcr fc bbudf udf os osoibldf oitoigor bò`c so prosoitd, oitoigloigc fd ncr`d oi quo fcs oqulpcs ndffdi, y dsà glsoôdr `okcros dbblcios bcrrobtlvds c provoitlvds. Oi osto bdsc, fds dbblcios sci tdrods go `ditoil`loitc. Ostds dbblcios, sci gorlvdgds gof prcbosc go diäflsls go `cgcs go ndffd, go `cgc quo d bdgd `cgc go ndffd fo bcrrospcigo uid tdrod. Ucgo`cs gonlilr oitcibos ui `cgc go ndffd, bc`c ‖fd ncr`d‐ oi quo ui oqulpc c dbtlvc ndffd .

(Djulfdr, Wcrros, & @djdôd, =545)

7.=  Onobtcs y bcisobuoiblds go fd ndffd Fcs onobtcs go fd ndffd sci bcislgordgcs bc`c fd ncr`d oi fd quo fd ndffd so `dilnlostd, os goblr, bc`c so vo porturmdgc of slsto`d dito fd ndffd gof oqulpc c dbtlvc, yd sod fcbdf c oi ctrd pdrto gof slsto`d, ostds `dilnostdblcios puogoi sor; du`oitc / gls`liublòi go ilvof, `dycr / `oicr to`pordturd, dbtlvdblòi go soôdfos, dfdr`ds c glspcsltlvcs go sojurlgdg, oitro ctrds8 sl`lfdr`oito, so bcislgord td`mlìi fd slitc`dtcfcjàd go fd ndffd, rulgc, du`oitc go vlmrdblòi, otb. Fds dvoràds quo tloioi ui nuorto l`pdbtc obciò`lbc so iobosltd `oglgds quo trdtoi go ovltdrfds. Fd aorrd`loitd pdrd gotor`lidr buäfos gomoi sor ostds `oglgds os of diäflsls go

 

dvoràds, d vobos bcicblgc bc`c diäflsls go bdusd-onobtc. Budigc uid listdfdblòi sunro uid dvoràd gdr l`pcrtdibld, ostc su`d ui nuorto bcsto go ropdrdblòi y uid pìrglgd go  moionlblcs goitrc ggoo fd prcgubblòi, fcs ro rospcisdmfos spcisdmfos go fd listdfdblòi gomoràdi dgcptdr fds `oglgds iobosdrlds pdrd quo glbac ndffc ic vuofvd d prcgublrso (Jdrbàd, =54=). Of diäflsls go dvoràds c diäflsls go bdusd-onobtc tloio bc`c cmkotlvc gotor`lidr fds bdusds quo prcvcbdi fds ndffds pdrd dgcptdr `oglgds provoitlvds quo fds ovltoi. Os l`pcrtdito gostdbdr osd gcmfo nuiblòi gof diäflsls go dvoràds;   Gotor`lidr fds bdusds go ui ndffc

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  Urcpcior `oglgds quo fcs ovltoi, uid voz gotor`lidgds ostds bdusds (Jdrbàd,

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=54=)

7.2  Oqulpcs y `dqulidrlds utlflzdgcs oi prcbosc ligustrldf go ycjurt  7.2.4   Udstourlzdgcr

AWRW pdstourlzdgcr os ui pdstourlzdgcr glsoôdgc pdrd of trdtd`loitc tìr`lbc go fd fobao y sus gorlvdgcs u ctrcs prcgubtcs dfl`oitdrlcs. Ostä bc`puostc pcr tdiquo go mdfdibo,  mc`md go dfl`oitdblòi boitrlnujd, litorbd`mldgcr go bdfcr go pfdbds (4, = c 2 otdpds), väfvufd go gosvlò dutc`ätlbc. Of prcgubtc ffojd d ui tdiquo go mdfdibo (MWG) uid mc`md oivàd d ui litorbd`mldgcr go pfdbds gcigo so bdfloitd, adstd uid to`pordturd go  pdstourlzdblòi quo gopoigo gof prcgubtc y gof prcbosc. Rojulgd`oito of prcgubtc pdsd df tumc rotoiogcr gcigo so `ditloio ostd to`pordturd pcr ui tlo`pc gotor`lidgc pdrd dsojurdr uid bcrrobtd pdstourlzdblòi y fuojc pdsd pcr uid otdpd go oinrld`loitc pdrd  mdkdr fd to`pordturd to`pordturd y por`ltlr su df`dbo df`dboid`loitc id`loitc oi gop gopòsltcs òsltcs (lICQUD).  7.2.=   Nor`oitdgcr

Wd`mlìi bcicblgc bc`c rodbtcr c mlcrrodbtcr, os ui roblploito gcigo so ffovd d bdmc of  prcbosc go nor`oitdblòi. Fd nuiblòi prliblpdf os fd go `ditoior of `oglc y of `lbrccrjdils`c oi fds bciglblcios dgobudgds pdrd fcjrdr fd `dycr prcgubblòi go fcs bc`puostcs go litorìs. Fds supornlblos litorids gof tdiquo gomoi sor flsds, utlflzdigc, gcigo sod pcslmfo, scfgdgurds y of glsoôc gomo sor tdf quo fds cpordblcios fdmcrdfos go gurdito of nuiblcid`loitc, robcfobblòi, fl`plozd y `ditoil`loitc sodi `àil`ds (]ckds & Jcizäfos, =544).

 

 7.2.2   Nlftrc d proslòi

Uor`lto pdsdr d trdvìs go uid sorlo go pfdtcs brlmdgcs y sopdrdr fcs `dbrcpdrtàbufds c ofo`oitcs oxtrdôcs go fd fobao, bc`c sdijro, pofcs quo puglordi `ozbfdrso df `c`oitc gof crgoôc (Bcitrords , =54:).  7.2.7   Ac`cjoiolzdg  Ac`cjoiolzdgcrd crd

Ac`cjoiolzdgcros Ac`cjoiolzd gcros puogoi sor go uid c gc otdpds (sojûi of prcgubtc), ostäi propdrdgcs  pdrd prcgubtcs dmrdslvcs y so puogoi litoj litojrdr rdr oi listdfdblcios yd oxlstoitos. Wloio uid pfdtdncr`d go dborc iojrc bci ui `ctcr go ?5 ap y ui slsto`d go bcitrcf dutc`ätlbc, oi gcs otdpds go gls`liuyo of td`dôc go fcs jfòmufcs jrdscs prosoitos idturdf`oito oi fd fobao, of slsto`d go plstcios so bc`pcio go gcs otdpds pdrd fcjrdr uid ac`cjoiolzdblòi sudvo yd quo fd prl`ord otdpd of plstòi mc`mod fd fobao prcvoiloito gof pdstourlzdgcr, oi bd`mlc of plstòi = fc oivàd d trdvìs gof blbfcr `äs poquoôcs fcjrdigc dsà oivldr iuovd`oito df pdstourlzdgcr fd fobao bci bdrdbtoràstlbds roquorlgds (Cbacd, =547).  7.2.?   Ostdigdrlzdgcrd

]ojufdr of bcitoilgc jrdsc go fd fobao d ui vdpcr gosodgc.  7.2.>    Oivdsdgcrd go ycjurt

@äqulid ofobtrciou`ätlbd go oivdsdgc oi nuigd go pcflotlfoic bcistd go uid bdrbdsd tctdf`oito oi dborc licxlgdmfo, slsto`d go bcitrcf ofobtròilbc bci tdrkotd y dbtudgcros iou`ätlbcs bc`digdgcs pcr ui slsto`d go ärmcf go fovds pro bdflmrdgc go pcslblòi, mdsd su prliblplc go nuiblcid`loitc oi ui slsto`d go ärmcf go fovds f ovds probdflmrdgc quo oivàd fds soôdfos d fcs dgdptdgcros iou`ätlbcs pdrd pdrd quo kdfoi of pfästlbc gof rcffc fc soffoi ncr`dgc uid mcfsd y fc ffoioi d trdvìs go uid väfvufd iou`ätlbd go gcslnlbdblòi. Fd `äqulid buoitd bci ui `ctcr go `ogld pufjdgd bci rogubtcr go joiordr su vlgd of soffdgc go fd nuigd (Cbacd, =547)  7.2.:    @osd go oivdsdgc oivdsdgc go ycjurt ycjurt

Ofdmcrdgc scmro uid ostrubturd prl`drld go tumc budgrdgc go 4 go dborc licxlgdmfo, bcitd go gcs roplsds uid go 4? b` y ctrd roplsd suporlcr go uid dfturd go     Licbufdblòi;

Ro mdsd oi dglblcidr of nor`oitc n or`oitc fäbtoc, bcincr`dgc pcr mdbtorlds prcgubtcrds go äblgc fäbtoc (Fdbtcmdblffus mufjdrlbus y Rtroptcbcbbus taor`cpalfus) oi pdrtos ljudfos, oitro =-2%

 7.7.:    Libumdblòi;

Ro rodflzd gurdito 7-> acrds, d 7?µB, oi quo of ycjur gomo dgqulrlr ui pA go 7,>-7,:8 osto liglbd fd bciboitrdblòi go algròjoic y so usd pdrd `oglr fd dblgoz.

 7.7.1   Mdtlgc;

Bc`c bc`pfo`oitc gof prcbosc go libumdblòi, so fcjrd `ogldito of usc go uid `ozbfdgcrd ligustrldf, y bci osto sumprcbosc so bcibfuyo of oinrld`loitc gof ycjurt. Df tor`lidr fd libumdblòi, df ffojdr d uid to`pordturd go =5µB, so puogo djrojdr fcs sdmcrlzditos, `or`ofdgds go nrutds, dzûbdr, bcfcrditos y bcisorvditos. bcisorvditos.  7.7.  Bcibfuslcios Wrds fd rospobtlvd rovlslòi mlmflcjränlbd so fcjrò lgoitlnlbdr fds pcslmfos ndffds quo so  puogoi joiordr oi ligustrlds fäbtods prcgubtcrds go ycjurt, bci dyugd go fds gcs aorrd`loitds go bdflgdg so pugc gotor`lidr budf os go `dycr liblgoibld y su onobtc oi of  prcgubtc nlidf, bbcislgordigc cislgordigc quo, ppdrd drd ooff gldjrd`d go U Udrotc drotc ssoo prosoitd prosoitd < ndffds c dvoràds y so bcibfuyo quo fd go `dycr nrobuoibld os budigc so joiord ui gdôc oi `ctcr go ronrljordblòi pcr fc tditc, so gomo tc`dr t c`dr `oglgds bcrrobtlvds go `diord `äs urjoito pdrd osto tlpc go ndffd. Ucr ctrc fdgc, pdrd of gldjrd`d go Bdusd-Onobtc so tc`ò oi buoitd fds >@ gof prcbosc  pdrd tc`dr dbblcios bcrrobtlvds oi bdgd uid go fds bdtojcràds y mmrligdr rligdr ui prcgubtc go bdflgdg, joiordigc bc`potoibld oi of `orbdgc.

 

:  ]obc`oigdblcios   Udrd ovltdr dvoràds goitrc go fd prcgubblòi so tloio quo gdr `ditoil`loitc y

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sojul`loitc bcitliuc d bdgd uid go fds `dqulidrlds linfuyoitos oi osto prcbosc.   Bdpdbltdr df porscidf oibdrjdgc go fd lispobblòi oi fd prcgubblòi, prcgubblòi, `okcrdigc

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dsà su goso`poôc fdmcrdf.

1  ]onoroiblds Djulfdr, Wcrros, ]., & @djdôd. (=545). Diäflsls go `cgcs go ndffd, onobtcs y brltlblgdg (D@NOB) pdrd fd pfdiodblòi gof `ditoil`loitc o`pfodigc brltorlcs go rlosjc y bcinldmlflgdg. Wobicfcjàd Bloibld Ogubdblòi, =?(4). Cmtoilgc go attps;//www.rogdfyb.crj/pgn/71=/71=4?5