Factores Que Causan Violencia en La Familia

 

QEGYAR]GJ@J E@MGCE@K JA FQKG@M@  A]MQAK@ TRCIA]GCE@K JA NA]ZGÝE TÖBKGM@ W JA]@RRCKKC ]CMG@K 

‛TRGEMGT@KA] I@MZCRA] PQA GEIKQWAE AE K@ YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R AE AK JG]ZRGZC JA FQKG@M@ ”  2407“ 

ZACRG@ ]CMG@K MKÀ]GM@  GEZANR@EZA]6    @E@HQ@ B@KMCE O@RAE GRAEA 

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  @T@V@ MH@Z@ L@RMC 

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  MHAY@KGAR M@E@V@ AYAKGE 

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  MCGK@ W@E@ JGEC ^GKBAR  

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  AERGPQAV M@]ZRC KQMARC ]@EJR@ 

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  ]QM@RG T@RGMCZC W@PQAKGE L@RGKG@ 

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JCMAEZA6 Ln. KGVAZH L@RGZV@ MH@R@F@ YGKM@  ]ALA]ZRA6 GY  FQKG@M@ ”  2407  2407

 

JAJGM@ZCRG@ Trglar`laeta, nr`mg`s ` Jgcs pcr h`barecs parlgtgjc kkan`r h`st` asta puetc y h`barecs j`jc s`kuj, sar ak l`e`etg`k ja vgj` y j`recs kc eamas`rgc p`r` sanugr `jak`eta jì` ` jì` p`r` p`r ` kcnr`r euastrcs cbfatgvcs, `jalàs ja su geigegt` bcej`j y `lcr. @ euastr` i`lgkg` pcr h`barecs `pcy`jc ae tcjc lclaetc, pcr sus mcesafcs, sus v`kcras pcr k` lctgv`mgýe mcest`eta qua ecs h` parlgtgjc sar parsce`s ja bgae, parc làs qua e`j`, pcr su `lcr, ` euastrc p`jra pcr kcs afalpkcs ja parsavar`emg` y mcest`emg` qua kc m`r`mtargz`e y qua ecs h` geiuej`jc sgalpra, pcr ak v`kcr lcstr`jc p`r` s`kgr `jak`eta y pcr su `lcr, y ja k` mu`k `praejì `mgartcs y ja lclaetcs jgiìmgkas y tcjcs `quakkcs qua `yuj`rce jgramt` c gejgramt`laeta ` ra`kgz`r asta tr`b`fc. @ euastr` l`astr` Ln. KGVAZH L@RGZV@ MH@R@F@ YGKM@, pcr su nr`e `pcyc y lctgv`mgýe p`r` k` muklge`mgýe ja euastrcs astujgcs prciasgce`kas ja k` asmuak` prciasgce`k ja nastgýe pöbkgm` y jas`rrckkc scmg`k, pcr su `pcyc `pc yc ciramgjc ae asta tr`b`fc ja Gevastgn`mgýe,  pcr h`barecs tr`eslgtgjc kcs mcecmglgaetcs cbtaegjcs y h`barecs kkav`jc p`sc ` p`sc ae ak `praejgz`fa.

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RA]QLAE  Asta prcyamtc ja gevastgn`mgýe sa maetr` ae gjaetgigm`r gjae tgigm`r kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`. Ae k` `mtu`kgj`j ec as r`rc praejar ak takavgscr c aetr`r ` k`s rajas scmg`kas p`r` aemcetr`r mce tràngm`s ectgmg`s scbra vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r y sg tcl`lcs ae muaet` qua ec tcjcs kcs m`scs sa jaeuemg`e c s`kae ` k` kuz, jabarì`lcs  pracmup`recs.  Tcr akkc ra`kgz`lcs ue` ravgsgýe ja kcs j`tcs ast`jìstgmcs qua ar`e rakav`etas p`r` kcs puetcs ja gevastgn`mgýe mclc ak m`sc e`mgce`k ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r jceja ecs gejgm` qua h` mramgjc aecrlalaeta ae kcs öktglcs `ðcs sanöe k` aemuast` jalcnràigm` y ja s`kuj i`lgkg`r (AEJA]) 2408. Qe 9=.2% ja lufaras h`e suirgjc vgckaemg` iìsgm`, psgmckýngm`, amceýlgm` c saxu`k pcr p`rta ja sus p`raf`s. 

K` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r axhgba l`rm`j` jgiaraemg` ja `muarjc mce ak àlbgtc nacnràigmc, h` `km`ez`jc mgir`s làs `kt`s làs ae àra`s urb`e`s urb`e `s y rur`kas, mclc ae k` sgarr` su surr qua kcs m`scs ja @purìl`m, Musmc y Tuec qua ja m`j` 04 lufaras 8 h`e suirgjc `knöe tgpc ja vgckaemg`. M`j` uec ja kcs tal`s iua axpuastc ja l`ear` jat`kk`j`, parc kglgt`ejc k` geicrl`mgýe öegm`laeta mce k` rak`mgýe jgramt` mce ak tal` ja astujgc, a stujgc, ja ast` icrl` qua sa cbtuvgar` ue` mclpraesgýe mk`r` ja kcs puetcs qua sa tr`t`e y pcjar `km`ez`r kcs cbfatgvcs qua sa ast`bkamgarce, astc kc jas`rrckk`ralcs utgkgz`ejc ak lçtcjc ja jasmrgptgvc mcrrak`mgce`k. Ak cbfatgvc naear`k ja ast` gevastgn`mgýe as gjaetgigm`r kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407. ]a `pkgmý ue` aemuast` ja 21 pranuet`s ` ue` jatarlge`j` luastr` `ka`tcrg` ja k` pcbk`mgýe ja Fukg`m`, mce ak ige ja mcecmar su parspamtgv` ja kcs i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r y pcr lajgc ja asc t`lbgçe sa h`ma ue` geiaraemg` scbra k` pcsgbka raspuast` ja mu`k sarì`e kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. Jaspuçs ja var kcs rasukt`jcs cbtaegjcs,sa `igrl` qua, aiamtgv`laeta kcs i`mtcras mclc sce ak `kmchckgslc, l`mhgslc y egvak amceýlgmc geikuyae ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r.

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GEJGMA

JAJGM@ZCRG@ ....................................................................................................... .................................................. ............................................................................ ....................... gg  RA]QLAE .................................................. ........................................................................................................ .................................................................................... .............................. ggg  GEJGMA ........................................................................................................................................... gv  M@TGZQKC G ................................................................................................................................... >  0. TK@EZA@LGAEZC JAK TRCBKAL@ ................................................... .................................................................................. ............................... >   0.0. ICRLQK@MGÝE JAK TRCBKAL@................................................. ................................................................................ ............................... >  0.2. CBFAZGYC] JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGCE .......................................................................... 8  0.=. ICRLQK@MGCE JA HGTÝZA]G] ..................................................... .................................................................................... ............................... 8   0.:. FQ]ZGIGM@MGÝE JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGÝE .................................................... .................................................................. .............. 7   M@TGZQKC GG ............................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................... ............................... 04   2. L@RMC ZACRGMC ................................................................................................................. 04  2.0. @EZAMAJAEZA] JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGCE .............................................................. 04   2.2. L@RMC ZAÝRGMC ........................................................................................................ ................................................... ........................................................ ... 09  2.=. L@RMC ECRL@ZGYC .................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................... 07  2.:. L@RMC MCEMATZQ@K ................................................... .................................................................................................. ............................................... 24  M@TGZQKC GGG .......................................................................................................................... 21  =. L@RMC LAZCJCKÝNGMC .............................................................................................. ............................................... ............................................... 21  =.0. ZGTC W JG]AÐC JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGÝE ................................................................. 21   :

 

=.2. JAIGEGMGÝE JA K@] Y@RG@BKA] .............................................................................. ................................................. ............................. 29   =.=. TCBK@MGÝE W LQA]ZR@ ............................................................................................. .............................................. ............................................... 29   =.:. ZÇMEGM@] A GE]ZRQLAEZC] .................................................................................... 28  M@TGZQKC GY .............................................................................................................................. 27  RA]QKZ@JC] W JG]MQ]GÝE .................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................... 27  M@TGZQKC Y ................................................................................................................................ 99  MCEMKQ]GÝE .................................................... ......................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ..................... 99   RAMCLAEJ@MGCEA] ........................................................ ............................................................................................................ ....................................................... ... 9>  RAIARAEMG@] BGBKGCNRÀIGM@] ........................................................................................ 98  @EAXC] ........................................................................................................................................ >4 

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GEZRCJQMMGCE K` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r as uec ja prgemgp`kas prcbkal`s scmg`kas y muktur`kas ` egvak nkcb`k, `taet`ejc mcetr` k` jgnegj`j jak sar hul`ec y ` sus jaramhcs iuej`laet`kas mclc ` k` vgj` y ` k` s`kuj qua parfujgm` ak jasalpaðc sgmcscmg`k ja kcs lgalbrcs ja i`lgkg` ae tcjcs kcs àlbgtcs c `spamtcs ja k` vgj` y` sa` jaetrc c iuar` jak hcn`r, mclc t`lbgçe jgigmukt` ak `praejgz`fa y ` k` scmg`kgz`mgýe aspamg`klaeta ja kcs làs vukear`bkas qua as k` lufar,  pcegaejc ae rgasnc k` s`kuj iìsgm`, laet`k y aspgrgtu`k ja k`s parsce`s. p arsce`s. Ak prasaeta tr`b`fc ja gevastgn`mgýe sa aeicm` mcemrat`laeta ae kcs cbfatgvcs qua as mcetrgbugr ` k` raikaxgýe `marm` ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r prasaet`ejc avgjaemg`s alpìrgm`s scbra kcs i`mtcras mclc ak egvak amceýlgmc, l`mhgslc, `kmchckgslc, b`fcs ramurscs amceýlgmcs a geigjakgj`j ja k` p`raf` sað`k`ejc mce uecs ja 11 m`scs qua sa jgarce pcr ast` m`us` qua k` naear`e, ae ue kun`r y mcetaxtc jatarlge`jc. K`s ast`jìstgm`s luastr`e làs ja 144 m`scs ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r qua sa rangstr`rce ae k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m` ae kc qua v` jak `ðc. Ae Tarö, jur`eta ak 2401, ak 28% ja k`s lufaras ja 08 ` làs `ðcs h` sgjc vìmtgl` ja vgckaemg` pcr p`rta ja su aspcsc c mclp`ðarc. Ae ak `ðc 2408 sanöe ak astujgc, ak 9=,2% ja lufaras ja aetra 01 y :7 `ðcs h` sgjc vìmtgl` ja vgckaemg` amceýlgm`, psgmckýngm`, iìsgm` c saxu`k `knue` vaz pcr p`rta ja sus p`raf`s. K` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae Tarö sa l`egigast` t`etc ae k` mcst`, sgarr` y sakv`, t`etc ae ak samtcr urb`ec mclc rur`k y ae kcs jgiaraetas samtcras scmgc amceýlgmcs, `iamt`ejc ` hclbras y lufaras, ja tcj`s k`s aj`jas. ]g bgae `spamtcs mclc ak ialgegmgjgc ec kkan`e ` kcs egvakas qua sa cbsarv`e ctrcs p`ìsas ja k` rangýe, as ue prcbkal` qua eamasgt` pravaegrsa p`r` avgt`r su mramglgaetc y kcs j`ðcs mck`tar`kas asta prcbkal` prc bkal` ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r naear`. @ pas`r ja ja sar k` vgckaemg` h`mg` k` lufar ue hamhc t`e mclöe y mcest`t`jc, sce pcmcs kcs astujgcs ` egvak kcm`k y e`mgce`k qua gevastgn`e asta prcbkal`, pcr asc ak cbfatgvc ja asta astujgc as astgl`r k` `scmg`mgýe aetra k` vgckaemg` getr`i`lgkg`r y i`mtcras ja rgasnc.

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M@TGZQKC G  0. TK@EZA@LGAEZC JAK TRCBKAL@

0.0. ICRLQK@MGÝE JAK TRCBKAL@ Ae k` `mtu`kgj`j ec as r`rc praejar ak takavgscr c aetr`r ` k`s rajas scmg`kas p`r` aemcetr`r mce tràngm`s ectgmg`s scbra vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r y sg tcl`lcs ae muaet` qua ec tcjcs kcs m`scs sa jaeuemg`e c s`kae ` k` kuz, jabarì`lcs pracmup`recs. Ast` `k`rl`eta ra`kgj`j ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r h` mramgjc aecrlalaeta ae kcs öktglcs `ðcs sanöe k` aemuast` jalcnràigm` y ja s`kuj i`lgkg`r i `lgkg`r (AEJA]) 2408. Qe 9=.2% ja lufaras h`e suirgjc vgckaemg` iìsgm`, psgmckýngm`, amceýlgm` c saxu`k pcr p`rta ja sus p`raf`s. K` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r axhgba l`rm`j` jgiaraemg` ja `muarjc mce ak àlbgtc nacnràigmc, h` `km`ez`jc mgir`s làs `kt`s làs ae àra`s urb`e`s y rur`kas, mclc ae k` sgarr` sur qua kcs m`scs ja @purìl`m, Musmc y Tuec qua ja m`j` 04 lufaras 8 h`e suirgjc `knöe tgpc ja vgckaemg`. Ae kc qua v` jak 2407, ae Tuec, sa rangstr`rce 04 m`scs ja ialgegmgjgc, mu`trc ja akkcs cmurrgarce ae fuegc. (LGLT Lgegstargc ja k` Lufar y Tcbk`mgceas Yukear`bkas, 2407) ]anöe k` GEAG, Tuec as ak 1tc jap`rt`laetc jak Tarö mce làs vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak `ðc 2407. Ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m` ak mccrjge`jcr ja lýjukc ja `taemgýe Jaiaescrì` ja Fukg`m`,  Egv`rjc Aerrgqua B`rrg`kas pramgsý qua k`s ast`jìstgm`s ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r jak prasaeta `ðc `k ige`kgz`r ak las ja `ncstc, tgaea rangstr`jc >9> m`scs lumhc làs jak `ðc p`s`jc qua ec suparc k`s 0444 `taemgceas tcjc ak `ðc 2408. K`s m`us`s ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r sarg`e ak mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s, b`fcs ramurscs amceýlgmcs a geigjakgj`j ae k` p`raf` sað`k` qua ak 14% ja kcs 11 m`scs sa jgarce pcr ast`s m`us`s. >

 

B`fc asta mcetaxtc as qua sa pk`eta` k`s sgnugaetas getarrcn`etas6

Trcbkal` naear`k6    ³Muàkas sce kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc

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ja Fukg`m` ”  24073  24073

Trcbkal`s aspamìigmcs6    ³Ja quç l`ear` `iamt` ak `kmchckgslc ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`3

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³Ja quç l`ear` `iamt` ak l`mhgslc ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`3   ³Ja quç l`ear` `iamt` ak egvak amceýlgmc ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc ja

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Fukg`m`3

 

0.2. CBFAZGYC] Cbfatgvcs naear`kas6  JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGCE    Gjaetgigm`r kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc

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ja Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.

Cbfatgvcs aspamìigmcs6    Jatarlge`r k` geikuaemg` jak `kmchckgslc ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, ae ak jgstrgtc ja

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Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.   Jatarlge`r k` geikuaemg` jak l`mhgslc ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, ae ak jgstrgtc ja

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Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.   Jatarlge`r k` geikuaemg` jak egvak amceýlgmc ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, ae ak jgstrgtc

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ja Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.

0.=. ICRLQK@MGCE JA HGTÝZA]G]  Hgpýtasgs naear`k6    Kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r sce prcb`bkalaeta ak

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`kmchckgslc, ak l`mhgslc y ak egvak amceýlgmc, ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`  ”  2407.  2407. 8

 

Hgpýtasgs aspamìigm`s6    As prcb`bka qua ak `kmchckgslc geikuy` ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r,

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ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.   As prcb`bka qua ak l`mhgslc geikuy` ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, ae

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ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.   As prcb`bka qua ak egvak amceýlgmc geikuy` ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` ae k` vgckaemg`

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i`lgkg`r, ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m` ”  2407.  2407.

0.:. FQ]ZGIGM@MGÝE JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGÝE  K` prasaeta gevastgn`mgýe sa aeicm`rà ae astujg`r kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras qua geikuyae ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r jak jap`rt`laetc ja puec, prcvgemg` ja s`e Rclàe y jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`, y` qua jabgjc ` k`s ramgaetas mgir`s sanöe k` aemuast` jalcnràigm` y ja s`kuj i`lgkg`r (AEJA]) 2408. Qe 9=.2% ja lufaras h`e suirgjc vgckaemg` iìsgm`, psgmckýngm`, amceýlgm` c saxu`k ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m` prcjumgjcs pcr jgstgetcs i`mtcras mclc ak `kmchckgslc, l`mhgslc, ak egvak amceýlgmc, mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s, b`fcs ramurscs amceýlgmcs a geigjakgj`j ae k` p`raf` sað`k` qua ak 14% ja kcs 11 m`scs sa jgarce pcr ast`s m`us`s. @sì, ak prasaeta tr`b`fc parlgtgrì` avgjaemg`r kcs i`mtcras ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r h` jas`rrckk`jc hcy ae jì` ae k` ]cmgaj`j, y prciuejgz`r kcs jgstgetcs m`lbgcs ja asta prcbkal` prcjumgjc  pcr kcs `nrascras y tcl`r mcemgaemg` ae asta tgpc ja sgtu`mgceas qua öktgl`laeta sa susmgt` ae m`sg tcjc ak luejc p`r` `sì h`mar iraeta ` asta prcbkal` y j`r sckumgceas ` k`s parsce`s làs `iamt`j`s y vukear`bkas y `sì j`r ` mcecmar ` tcj` pcbk`mgýe ja ast` sgtu`mgýe q öktgl`laeta as uec tal`s làs glpcrt`etas y h`bk`jcs ae tcjc tcjc kcs lajgcs ja mcluegm`mgýe y` sa` ectgmg`s, ae k` r`jgc c ravgst`s.

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M@TGZQKC GG  2. L@RMC ZACRGMC 2.0. @EZAMAJAEZA] JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGCE   K` prasaeta gevastgn`mgýe as naeuge` jabgjc ` qua ec sa h` ra`kgz`jc ctrcs astujgcs rak`mgce`jcs ` k` vgckaemg` ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`, sge albr`nc, sa h` aemcetr`jc `etamajaetas qua sce sglgk`ras ` euastr` gevastgn`mgýe, kcs lgslc qua sa laemgce`e ` mcetgeu`mgýe6

@etamajaetas getare`mgce`kas6  -  ]anöe Gzqugarjc (240=), ae su tasgs  Jaslcet`ejc lgtcs6 k` vgckaemg` ja naearc jur`eta ak alb`r`zc? ra`kgz`j` ae k`  Qegvarsgj`j ja ]`k`l`em` maetr` ak àlbgtc ja

astujgc ` k` vgckaemg` ja nçearc qua sa j` ae ak mcetaxtc ja k`s rak`mgceas saetglaet`kas c `iamtgv`s, t`etc prasaetas mclc p`s`j`s, lgslc àlbgtc `k qua sa k` KC 0/244: ja Lajgj`s ja Trctammgýe Getanr`k mcetr` k` Ygckaemg` ja Nçearc, `uequa as mcesmgaeta ja kc eamas`rgc qua as t`lbgçe gemgjgr ae ak rastc ja tgpcs ja vgckaemg` qua suirae k`s lufaras, muastgýe pcr k` qua v`kcr` t`etc qua axgst`e astujgcs getarjgsmgpkge`ras ja nçearc. T`rtgaejc jasja ak aeicqua amckýngmc ja k` vgckaemg` ja nçearc, qua ramcrjalcs qua sað`k` qua k` vgckaemg` ja nçearc ec raspceja ` ue` sck` m`us`, sgec qua sce k` luktgpkgmgj`j ja akk`s y su getarrak`mgýe k`s qua k` prcvcm`e, y qua k` vgckaemg` ja nçearc tgaea ue crgnae astrumtur`k, `rr`gn`jc ae k`s p`ut`s muktur`kas y scmg`kas prciuej`laeta gest`ur`j`s ae k` scmgaj`j, mraa iuej`laet`k tr`b`f`r ae k` saesgbgkgz`mgýe y k` pravaemgýe p`r` h`mar iraeta ` asta tgpc ja mcejumt`s.

04

 

]að`k` qua k` saesgbgkgz`mgýe as ue puetc ja p`rtgj` eamas`rgc sg kc qua quaralcs as qua ja varj`j k` scmgaj`j lcjgigqua sus `mmgceas, pràmtgm`s y su vgsgýe `ejrcmçetrgm`,  b`sa ja k` jasgnu`kj`j y muy` làxgl` l`egiast`mgýe as k` vgckaemg` ja nçearc. Lajg`eta k` pravaemgýe sa busm` avgt`r qua ue iaeýlaec sa prcjuzm`, gemgjgaejc ec sýkc scbra kcs aiamtcs, sgec t`lbgçe scbra k`s m`us`s. ]a tr`t` ja ajum`r p`r` k` `jqugsgmgýe ja mcecmglgaetcs, v`kcras, `mtgtujas y mclpataemg`s qua avgtae qua sa naeara k` vgckaemg` ae ue iuturc. Mraa qua as iuej`laet`k qua sa mcetalpkae ae ast`  prcbkalàtgm` kcs tras àlbgtcs c egvakas ja pravaemgýe, puas tcjcs akkcs sce eamas`rgcs  p`r` tr`t`r ja j`r ue` raspuast` getanr`k y aiamtgv` y p`r` pcjar icrluk`r pcsgbkas  prcpuast`s ae ak `bcrj`fa ja j a getarvaemgceas qua sa ra`kgmae iraeta ` akk`. @uequa jast`m` qua ak àlbgtc s`egt`rgc as luy glpcrt`eta ae ak m`sc qua ecs cmup`,  puas as k` prgemgp`k puart` ja `mmasc p`r p`r`` pcjar ramcecmar k` axgstaemg` ja asta tgpc ja vgckaemg`, ec quaralcs subastgl`r ctrc tgpc ja lajgj`s qua sa puajae kkav`r ` m`bc ae ctrcs àlbgtcs y qua sge juj` as eamas`rgc qua sa mcetalpkae, y` qua k` vgckaemg` ja nçearc sýkc puaja sar arr`jgm`j` sg as `bcrj`j` jasja ue puetc ja vgst` luktgjgsmgpkge`r y lajg`eta ue` raj ja prciasgce`kas y ramurscs m`p`mgt`jcs y mccrjge`jcs. (Gzqugarjc, 240=) -  ]anöe Aspgecz`, Iare`ejaz, N`rmg` a Grgncyae (2447), ae su `rtìmukc  Ak ast`jc jak `rta ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae Lçxgmc, ra`kgz`j` ae k` Qegvarsgj`j E`mgce`k

@utýecl` ja Lçxgmc, j` ue `eàkgsgs `mtu`kgz`jc a getanr`k ja k` Ygckaemg` I`lgkg`r (YI) ae Lçxgmc. ]a jasmrgbae kcs tgpcs ja YI gjaetgigm`jcs ae k` kgtar`tur` y sa aeuemg`e kcs prgemgp`kas i`mtcras `scmg`jcs ` asta iaeýlaec. ]ce axpuastcs kcs  prgemgp`kas j`tcs ast`jìstgmcs qua gkustr`e k` rakav`emg` scmg`k, amceýlgm` y hul`e` qua tgaea k` YI ae Lçxgmc y ae ak luejc. Ige`klaeta, sa laemgce`e `knuecs kgea`lgaetcs ja ue prcnr`l` getarjgsmgpkge`rgc ja pravaemgýe, tr`t`lgaetc y mcetrck ja k` YI ae ak qua ak parsce`k parsce `k ja s`kuj ” ae ae aspamg`k, kcs lçjgmcs i`lgkg`ras ”  taejrì`e  taejrì`e ue p`pak prct`nýegmc. (Aspgecs`, I? Iareàejaz, L@? N`rmg`, I? Grgncyae & Mcrg`, 2447)

@etamajaetas e`mgce`kas6  00

 

-  Ae ak astujgc ra`kgz`jc pcr ]àemhaz (240=),  I`mtcras jatarlge`etas ja k` vgckaemg`  i`lgkg`r y sus glpkgm`emg`s6 @eàkgsgs ja kcs astujgcs ast`jìstgmcs scbra k` Ygckaemg`  I`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc j gstrgtc ja ]`e Fu`e ja Kurgn`emhc Ku rgn`emhc (Kgl`), M`kk`c y ctr`s mguj`jas jak p`ìs, ra`kgz`j` ae k` Qegvarsgj`j E`mgce`k L`ycr ja ]`e L`rmcs sa luastr` ue`

gevastgn`mgýe jasmrgptgv` jceja sa `e`kgz`e k`s v`rg`bkas ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, jasja ue aeicqua jak jaramhc. ]a aei`tgz` k` tr`smaejaemg` ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ` egvak getare`mgce`k y e`mgce`k y su raparmusgýe scmg`k t`etc ae ak mursc ja k` axgstaemg` mclc ae k` ra`kgz`mgýe jak sar hul`ec. ]a mcesgjar` qua k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r as ue` icrl` ja rak`mgýe jgsiuemgce`k ae k` i`lgkg` qua m`us` j`ðc ` k` parsce`. Ak astujgc kcnrý  pramgs`r k` prav`kaemg` ja jaeuemg`s prasaet`j`s `eta ak Lgegstargc ja k` Lufar y Jas`rrckkc ]cmg`k, `eta k` Tckgmì` E`mgce`k y `eta ak Lgegstargc Töbkgmc? sa cbsarv`rce kcs j`tcs ja k`s ast`jìstgm`s ja k`s saetaemg`s jak Tcjar Fujgmg`k, ae prglar` y sanuej` gest`emg`, jajumgaejc qua ue pcrmaet`fa luy b`fc muklge`e mce k` raspamtgv` saetaemg`, pcrqua ae k` l`ycrì` ja kcs m`scs, k`s `nr`vg`j`s `b`ejce`e ak tràlgta gegmg`jc pcr i`kt` ja ramurscs amceýlgmcs. Ak astujgc tarlge` mcemkuyaejc qua ae ak iuturc prcb`bkalaeta mcetgeöa gemralaetàejcsa k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak Tarö y  p`rtgmuk`rlaeta ae ak Jgstrgtc ja ]`e Fu`e F u`e ja Kurgn`emhc, kc qua axgna ue` prciuej` raikaxgýe scbra ast` ra`kgj`j, y t`lbgçe k` ra`kgz`mgýe ja gevastgn`mgceas ` ige ja  pk`eta`r sckumgceas qua suparae s uparae kcs rasukt`jcs qqua ua hcy hc y sa cbsarv`e. T`k`br`s mk`va6 Ygckaemg` i`lgkg`r, jaramhc, fustgmg`, i`lgkg`. (]àemhaz, 240=) -  ]anöe @kt`lgr`ec (240:), ae su tasgs   Ak l`rmc sglbýkgmc ja k` kay ja vgckaemg`  i`lgkg`r y sus lcjgigm`mgceas, qua sa ra`kgzý ae k` Qegvarsgj`j E` E`mgce`k mgce`k ja Zrufgkkc

sa ast`bkamgý mclc cbfatgvc prgemgp`k pk`eta`r y jas`rrckk`r ak prcbkal` ja gevastgn`mgýe raspamtc `k L`rmc sglbýkgmc ja k` kay ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r y sus lcjgigm`mgceas? lajg`eta ak tr`b`fc jas`rrckk`jc sa pk`etaý ak sgnugaeta prcbkal` ja gevastgn`mgýe ³Ja quç l`ear` k` Kay 29294 y sus lcjgigm`mgceas qua ranuk` k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r prctanae ` k`s vìmtgl`s qua suirae kasgceas iìsgm`s y psgmckýngm`s ae kcs prcmascs pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r sanugjcs ae k` Mcrta ]upargcr ja Fustgmg` ja K` Kgbart`j, Zrufgkkc, parìcjc 2402- 240=. Iraeta ` asta prcbkal` sa icrluký k` sgnugaeta hgpýtasgs ‛K` kay 29294 y sus lcjgigm`mgceas qua ranuk` k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ec

02

 

 prctanae ` k`s vìmtgl`s pcrqua ec jgslgeuya ak ìejgma ja k`s `nrasgceas iìsgm`s y  psgmckýngm`s ae kcs prcmas prcmascs cs pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ssanugjcs anugjcs ae k` Mcrta ]upargcr ja Fustgmg` ja K` Kgbart`j, Zrufgkkc, parìcjc 2402-240=. Ak tal` ja Ygckaemg` I`lgkg`r ae euastr` kangsk`mgýe h` suirgjc sgnegigm`etas lcjgigm`mgceas, sa tr`t` ja ue` kay qua  prataeja s`emgce`r pae`klaeta ` kcs `nrascras qua cm`sgce`e kasgceas prcjumtc ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. ]ge alb`rnc, ae k` pràmtgm` sa cbsarv` qua sa ast`bkama s`emgýe  pae`k öegm`laeta ` kcs jakgtcs ja kasgceas y` sa`e ast`s nr`vas c kavas, qua javgaeae ja vgckaemg` iìsgm`, jaf`ejc ja k`jc ` k`s kasgceas prcjumtc ja vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, y` qua ak j`ðc psgmckýngmc ec as lajgbka ae jì`s ja `sgstaemg` c jasm`esc, mclc sg kc astà jgsað`jc p`r` k`s kasgceas iìsgm`s. T`r` k` cbtaemgýe ja kcs j`tcs, sa utgkgzý ak lçtcjc ja `eàkgsgs, sìetasgs y k` tçmegm` ja cbsarv`mgýe. Ak prcmas`lgaetc ast`jìstgmc ja kcs rasukt`jcs sa hgzc ` tr`vçs ja k`s t`bk`s ja iramuaemg` y ignur`s ja b`rr`s. Kcs rasukt`jcs avgjaemg`e k` jasprctammgýe ja k`s vìmtgl`s pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, `sì mclc k`s jaigmgaemg`s jak sgstal` ja fustgmg` pae`k, i`lgkg`r, pckgmg`k ae k` `pkgm`mgýe ja k` kay raspamtc ` kcs prcmascs ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. (@kt`lgr`ec, 240:)

@etamajaetas kcm`kas6 -  ]anöe Mhur` (244=), ae su tasgs Ygckaemg` i`lgkg`r y k`s lajgj`s ja prctammgýe, ae k` rangýe Tuec, qua sa ra`kgzý ae k` Qegvarsgj`j E`mgce`k jak @ktgpk`ec gejgm` qua ae

astcs öktglcs `ðcs sa h` vaegjc j`ejc ue` sarga ja prcnr`l`s y kayas ae jaiaes` ja kcs jaramhcs jak egðc y k` lufar. ]ge alb`rnc, ³asc ³as c ecs `sanur` ak bgaeast`r3, ³`m`sc ³ `m`sc astcs prcnr`l`s y kayas b`st`ràe p`r` mas`r kcs l`ktr`tcs iìsgmcs y psgmckýngmcs qua sa prcjumae jì` ` jì` mcetr` akkcs3 As eamas`rg` ue` prctammgýe kan`k, parc as urnaeta qua euastr` scmgaj`j `jqugar` euavcs y lafcras hàbgtcs ja mrg`ez` y mcevgvaemg`. @öe ae k` pcsgbgkgj`j ja p`ramar `k`rlgst`, as laeastar ue` raajum`mgýe ae mu`etc `k tr`tc i`lgkg`r, ak qua k`laet`bkalaeta p`r` lumhcs astà m`r`mtargz`jc pcr k` vgckaemg`, ak ramh`zc y k` gejgiaraemg`. T`r` kcnr`r ak m`lbgc ja ast` sgtu`mgýe sa. raqugara, ae ue gegmgc, ak rapk`eta`lgaetc ja kcs p`pakas jak p`jra y k` l`jra iraeta ` kcs hgfcs, mce ak ige ja qua çstcs öktglcs ae ak iuturc raspcej`e ` k`s axpamt`tgv`s ja sus prcnaegtcras. Jabalcs gr aetcemas ae bösquaj` ja k`s m`us`s qua sce ak crgnae

0=

 

ja ue `lbgaeta i`lgkg`r hcstgk y qua mcesamuaetalaeta, prcjumae ue` ajum`mgýe arrýea` ae euastrcs egðcs. K` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r as ue iaeýlaec qua `iamt` ` tcjcs kcs getanr`etas ja k` i`lgkg` y ` k` scmgaj`j, pcr akkc rasukt` ue prcbkal` ja getarçs  pöbkgmc y as jabar t`etc jak Ast`jc, ja kcs crn`egslcs nubare`laet`kas y ja k`s gest`emg`s ja `taemgýe ` vìmtgl`s, busm`r y pcear ae pràmtgm` lajgj`s p`r` pravaegr, s`emgce`r y arr`jgm`r k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r y prcpgmg`r ae k` scmgaj`j k` muktur` ja raspatc ` kcs jaramhcs hul`ecs. Ae k` `mtu`kgj`j rasukt` cbkgn`jc ak `eàkgsgs ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r jasja jgvarscs m`lpcs ja astujgc, puastc qua su iaeclaeckcnì` `sì kc axgna ae t`etc qua su axpkgm`mgýe, su `taemgýe, su pravaemgýe y sus pcsgbkas sckumgceas aemuaetr`e raspuast` ae k`s gevastgn`mgceas y `mmgceas ra`kgz`j`s pcr aspamg`kgst`s ae àra`s jgvars`s, mclc k` scmgckcnì`, k` psgmckcnì`, k` ja s`kuj, k` `etrcpckcnì` y jaramhc. Ae lumhcs prcmascs kuanc ja mulpkgr mce ak tràlgta mcrraspcejgaeta, ae prglar kun`r sa kkan` ` ue `muarjc mcemgkg`tcrgc jceja sa h`mae mcemasgceas `mtgv`s ae lajgj`s ja prctammgýe ` i`vcr jak c kcs `nr`vg`jcs, `k gnu`k qua ae ue` saetaemg` sa glpceae lajgj`s ja prctammgýe, sgaejc ae `lbcs m`scs  pcsgbka su afamumgýe, alparc astcs ec sa h`mae aiamtgvcs c sglpkalaeta ec sa mulpkae, kkan`ejc ` sar ae k` l`ycrì` ja kcs m`scs katr` luart` c javgaeae ae 9 geafamut`bkas, as k` r`zýe pcr qua axgsta m`scs ja ragemgjaemg` ae `mtcs ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. Kc qua prataejalcs mce ak prasaeta tr`b`fc as jalcstr`r qua ast`s rasckumgceas ae jceja sa jgspcen` k`s lajgj`s ja prctammgýe ` i`vcr ja c kcs `nr`vg`jcs sa`e lcegtcra`j`s pcr k`s gestgtumgceas ramtcr`s y ja prctammgýe ` k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, jabgaejc igf`rsa ae k` lgsl` rasckumgýe pcr ak fuaz ae icrl` axpras` `k gnu`k qua ak pk`zc qua jabarà jur`r asta lcegtcrac. @sglgslc, sa aspar` qua asta lcegtcrac sa `jgmgcea mclc ue eular`k làs ja k`s lajgj`s ja prctammgýe qua jabarà jgmt`r ak fuaz ae su cpcrtuegj`j. Mcesgnugaetalaeta ak prasaeta geicrla ja gevastgn`mgýe mcest` ja mu`trc m`pìtukcs, k`s mu`kas astàe axpras`j`s ae k` icrl` sgnugaeta6 Ae ak prglar m`pìtukc, sa `bcrj` ak `spamtc jak pk`eta`lgaetc jak prcbkal`. Ae ak sanuejc m`pìtukc, kc rak`mgce`jc mce ak l`rmc taýrgmc mcemaptu`k. Ae ak tarmar m`pìtukc, jasmrgba k` latcjckcnì` ja k` gevastgn`mgýe. Ae ak mu`rtc m`pìtukc, sa h` mcesgjar`jc kcs rasukt`jcs ja k` gevastgn`mgýe mcesgstaeta ae ramcpgk`mgýe ja j`tcs ja kcs fuzn`jcs ja i`lgkg` jak Jgstrgtc Fujgmg`k ja Tuec, `sì mclc ja aetravgst`s ` 0:

 

`bcn`jcs y ctrcs `spamtcs jak jaramhc ja i`lgkg`. Ak qugetc m`pìtukc, sa h` mcesgjar`jc k`s jgsmusgceas ` kcs rasukt`jcs cbtaegjcs. Kuanc k`s mcemkusgceas, sunaraemg`s, y prcpuast`, k` bgbkgcnr`iì` b gbkgcnr`iì` utgkgz`j` y kcs `eaxcs mcestgtuyae ak sustaetc l`targ`k jak prasaeta tr`b`fc ja gevastgn`mgýe raspamtgv`laeta. (Mhur`, 2441) -  ]anöe Y`rn`s (240>), ae su tasgs  Jakglgt`mgýe jak gtar mrglgegs p`r` jatarlge`r

taet`tgv` ja ialgegmgjgc c kasgceas pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, jgstrgtc igsm`k ja Tuec  ”  

240> , ra`kgz`j` ae k` Qegvarsgj`j @ejge` Eçstcr Màmaras Yakàsquaz ecs gejgm` qua

lajg`eta kcs lam`egslcs ecrl`tgvcs qua ast`bkama ak Ast`jc p`r` prctanar ` k` lufar ja tcj` vukear`mgýe ja sus jaramhcs iuej`laet`kas mclc as k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`,  psgmckýngm` y kc làs glpcrt`eta as k` vgj`, pcr akkc, ak prasaeta tr`b`fc ja gevastgn`mgýe tgaea mclc cbfatgvc jatarlge`r sg k` v`kcr`mgýe jak gtar mrglgegs ae k` `mmgýe ja vgckaemg` jak `nrascr as jatarlge`jc pcr k`s kglgt`mgceas `k jgiaraemg`r k` taet`tgv` ja ialgegmgjgc c kasgceas pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, `sì lgslc, ast`bkamar ak mrgtargc ja m`kgigm`mgýe ja k` `mmgýe ja vgckaemg` y ast`bkamar ak mrgtargc ja av`ku`mgýe ae k` vgmtgl` p`r` jgiaraemg`r k` taet`tgv` ja ialgegmgjgc mce k` ja kasgceas pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. Tcr kc qua, sa utgkgzý k` latcjckcnì` qua as hgpctçtgmc-jajumtgvc  p`r` jas`rrckk`r ja kc p`rtgmuk`r ` kc naear`k, sgaejc k` pcbk`mgýe kcs `bcn`jcs jak gkustra mckangc ja `bcn`jcs ja k` Rangýe ja Tuec, taegaejc ae muaet` k` luastr` ja =1 `bcn`jcs, y mclc rasukt`jc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` sa tgaea qua ae ue =2% sa mcesgjar` taet`tgv` y ae ue =4% sað`k` qua as kasgceas pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, kcs `bcn`jcs gejgm`e qua 07% sa av`kö` k` zce` `iamt`j` ja k` vìmtgl`, as jamgr, qua k` kasgýe m`us`jc pcr k` vgckaemg`, pcr kc qua t`lbgçe as glpcrt`eta m`kgigm`r ak gegmgc jak hamhc mclc ak ige`k, astc as p`r` jatarlge`r lajg`eta kcs mrgtargcs ak mcemursc ja kcs jakgtcs. T`k`br`s mk`va6 Bgae furìjgmc, j`ðc, jakgtc, sufatc `mtgvc. Gtar mrglgegs. (Y`rn`s, 240>)

01

 

2.2. L@RMC ZAÝRGMC  2.2.0. ZACRÌ@ ]CMGCKCNGM@ JAK HAMHC ]CMG@K W K@ K @ YGCKAEMG@6 Kcs hamhcs scmg`kas sce mcejumt`s hul`e`s h`bgtu`kas, ec japaejgaetas ja k` k ` mcestgtumgýe  bgckýngm` eg psìqugm` ja k`s parsce`s, sgec ja k` scmgaj`j qua getanr`e, qua tgaea ue`  ue`   axgstaemg` sgenuk`r sgenuk`r y prcpg`. (icrl`e p`rta ja ue` muktur`? as jamgr, ec sce gejgvgju`kas), mcarmgtgvcs (gemgjae ae ak `mmgce`r gejgvgju`k) y axtargcras (sa glpceae jasja iuar` pcr mcstulbra, rapatgmgýe, atm.). K` scmgckcnì` mclc mgaemg` astujg` k` astrumtur` y ak iuemgce`lgaetc ja k`s scmgaj`jas hul`e`s, t`lbgçe k`s rak`mgceas scmg`kas qua k` `tr`vgas`e y naear`e mceikgmtcs, y k` astr`tgigm`mgýe scmg`k. Ak hclbra mclc sar scmg`k, ak gejgvgjuc mclc `mtcr scmg`k as ue prcjumtc ja kcs prcmascs ja scmg`kgz`mgýe, lajg`eta kcs mu`kas mcestruyae su gjaetgj`j parsce`k y mckamtgv`. K` m`us` jatarlge`eta ja k` vgckaemg` y ja mu`kqugar ctrc hamhc scmg`k ec astà ae kcs ast`jcs ja mcemgaemg` gejgvgju`k, sgec ae kcs hamhcs scmg`kas qua k` pramajae. Ak nrupc scmg`k as ue` luktgtuj qua, p`r` `kgvg`r k` `lae`z` jak astrçs axtralc, `rr`str` mce iuarz` ` sus lgalbrcs gejgvgju`kas. (Jurohagl, 0788) K` vgckaemg` scmg`k puaja sar ja jcs tgpcs6 gejgvgju`k, as iàmgklaeta prajamgbka, scbra tcjc mu`ejc kcs cbfatgvcs sce ja tgpc l`targ`k a gejgvgju`kgst`, c bgae nrup`k. Ast` öktgl` ec sa  puaja prajamgr tcl`ejc mclc b`sa ak p`trýe aju ajum`mgce`k m`mgce`k ramgbgjc pcr kcs sufatcs, sgec qua sa prajgma pcr ak raiaraeta mclpcrt`laet`k c sufatc mckamtgvc, ak kk`l`jc "ctrc naear`kgz`jc", `k qua raspat`e làs qua ` sì lgslcs y h`mg` ak mu`k jgrgnae tcj`s sus `mmgceas.

2.2.2. ZACRÌ@ MKÀ]GM@ JAK JCKCR Ak jckcr astà c puaja mcejgmgce`rsa. K`s tacrì`s qua mcesgjar`e k`s mcejumt`s mcejumt` s `nrasgv`s mclc raspuast` ` astìlukcs `jvarscs, l`etgaeae qua ak jckcr j ckcr as, ae sì lgslc, suigmgaeta p`r` `mtgv`r k`s mcejumt`s `nrasgv`s jaf`ejc p`taeta k` k` rak`mgýe jgramt` aetra k` getaesgj`j jak astìlukc y

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k` ja k` raspuast`, mce kc qua mu`etc làs getaes`s sa`e k`s sað`kas `scmg`j`s ` ue `t`qua làs mckçrgm`, `nrasgv`… sarà k` mcejumt` raspuast`.

Jasja ast` parspamtgv`, ak prcmasc `nrasgvc sa rasulgrì` ja k` sgnugaeta icrl`6 ak sar hul`ec  prcmur` suirgr ak lìeglc jckcr  ”  puaja  puaja mclprcb`rsa iàmgklaeta mýlc sa tgaeja ` `mapt`r kc  pk`maetarc y ` ramh`z`r kc qua ec kc as- `eta sgtu`mgceas `jvars`s `mtö` iraeta `k `t`m`eta ja l`ear` `nrasgv` getaet`ejc `etgmgp`rsa ` mu`kqugar pcsgbgkgj`j ja jckcr. Z`lbgçe axgstae substr`tcs bgckýngmcs qua `pcy`e ast` tacrì`, `sì ak sìejrcla ja avgt`mgýe jak jckcr p`rta ja k` rak`mgýe hclacstàtgm` axgstaeta aetra kcs maetrcs ‛pk`maetarcs“ y ja jckcr qua sa kcm`kgz`e

ae ak marabrc. Ja hamhc, axgstae raikafcs psgmýnaecs qua puajae mcrrak`mgce`r mce ak pk`mar y ak jckcr. (T`vkcv, 079=) Ae k` `mtu`kgj`j sa astàe astujg`ejc k`s jgiaraemg`s aetra saxcs mce raspamtc `k egvak ja tckar`emg` `k jckcr, sgaejc luy pcsgbka qua, ae ak saxc ialaegec, kcs maetrcs ja pk`mar astçe làs jas`rrckk`jcs qua ae ak l`smukgec, ja kc qua h` kkan`jc ` geiargrsa qua kcs hclbras sce làs `nrasgvcs qua k`s lufaras jabgjc ` qua ak ulbr`k ja tckar`emg` `k jckcr ae k` lufar as l`ycr qua ae ak hclbra, i`mgkgtàejcsa `sì qua ak eölarc ja mcejumt`s `nrasgv`s, jas`rrckk`j`s pcr çstcs, sa` l`ycr.

2.2.=. ZACRÌ@ JA K@ IRQ]ZR@MGÝE Jckk`rj l`egigast` qua6 ‛Mu`kqugar `nrasgýe puaja sar `trgbugj` ae öktgl` gest`emg` ` ue`

irustr`mgýe pravg`. Ak ast`jc ja irustr`mgýe prcjumgjc pcr k` ec mcesamumgýe ja ue` lat`,  prcvcm` k` `p`rgmgýe ja ue prcmasc ja mýkar` qua, mu`ejc `km`ez` ue nr`jc jatarlge`jc,  puaja prcjumgr k` `nrasgýe jgramt` c k` varb`k. v arb`k. K` sakammgýe jak bk`emc sa h`ma h` ma ae iuemgýe ja `quçk qua as parmgbgjc mclc k` iuaeta ja jgspk`mar, parc sg ec as `km`ez`bka `p`ramarà ak jaspk`z`lgaetc“.

 

2.2.:. ^ABAR @MARM@ JA K@ YGCKAEMG@ 0>

 

L`x ^abar mcemgba k` i`lgkg`r mclc i`mtcr ja ast`bgkgj`j scmg`k, mcemgba k`s rak`mgceas i`lgkg`ras jasja ak puetc ja vgst` p`trg`rm`k y l`trglceg`k. Jceja ak p`trg`rm`jc parlgta axpkgm`r k`s r`ìmas ja subcrjge`mgýe, jgsmrglge`mgýe a geir`v`kcr`mgýe ja k`s lufaras. Jceja ak p`trg`rm`jc as ue crjae naeçrgmc ja pcjar, b`s`jc ae ue lcjc ja jclge`mgýe muyc  p`r`jgnl` as ak hclbra, asta crjae `sanur` `sa nur` k` supral`mì` ja kcs hclbras. Jceja k` astr`tgigm`mgýe ja naearc astà `rr`gn`j` ae k`s jgiaraemg`s bgckýngm`s aetra aet ra kcs saxcs.

2.2.1. ZACRÌ@ M@ZÀRZGM@ JA K@ @NRA]GÝE6 K` mu`k mcesgjar` qua k` m`t`rsgs as k` öegm` sckumgýe `k prcbkal` ja k` `nrasgvgj`j. ]upcea ue` jasm`rn` ja taesgýe ` k` vaz qua ue` axprasgýe rapaetge` ja `iamtc `etargcrlaeta raprglgjc muy` kgbar`mgýe as eamas`rg` p`r` l`etaear ak ast`jc ja rak`f`mgýe `jamu`jc. H`y jcs tgpcs ja kgbar`mgýe alctgv`6 k` m`t`rsgs varb`kgz`j` y k` i`tgn`.

2.2.9. AZGCKCNÌ@ JA K@ YGCKAEMG@6 Aetgaejae k` `nrasgýe mclc ue` ra`mmgýe glpuksgv` a gee`t`, rakan`j` ` egvak gemcesmgaeta y ec `scmg`j` ` egenöe pk`mar. K`s tacrì`s psgmc`e`kìtgm`s h`bk`e ja `nrasgýe `mtgv` (jasac ja hargr c ja jclge`r) y ja p`sgvgj`j (jasac ja sar jclge`jc, hargjc c jastrugjc). Ec puajae axpkgm`r kcs igeas aspamìigmcs jak glpuksc `nrasgvc, parc sg jgstgenuae jgstgetcs nr`jcs ja jasm`rn` c taesgýe `nrasgv`.

2.2.>. ZACRÌ@ BGCPQÌLGM@6 Ak mclpcrt`lgaetc `nrasgvc sa jasaem`jae` mclc mcesamuaemg` ja ue` sarga ja prcmascs  bgcquìlgmcs qua tgaeae kun`r ae ak getargcr jak crn`egslc y ae kcs qua jasalpað`e ue p`pak jamgsgvc k`s hcrlce`s. ]a h` jalcstr`jc qua k` ecr`jrae`kge` as ue `naeta m`us`k ja k` `nrasgýe.

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Kc qua p`rama quaj`r mk`rc ja tcjc kc `etargcr as qua, `uequa k` `nrasgvgj`j puaja ast`r mcestgtumgce`klaeta jatarlge`j` jabgjc ` `spamtcs avckutgvcs kgn`jcs ` k` vgckaemg`, kcs i`mtcras bgckýngmcs mclc k` haraemg`, kcs egvakas hcrlce`kas, k`s jgsiuemgceas eaurcigsgckýngm`s ec sce suigmgaetas p`r` pcjar axpkgm`rk`, puastc qua k` vgckaemg` as ue` icrl` ja getar`mmgýe `praejgj` qua jatargcr` k` m`p`mgj`j jak gejgvgjuc p`r` mcesanugr sus cbfatgvcs lajg`eta lajgcs ec vgckaetcs c h`mg` ak `ulaetc ja k` glpuksgvgj`j, grrgt`bgkgj`j, grr`mgce`kgj`j c jascrn`egz`mgýe ja k` mcejumt`“ (Zcrra, p. & Asp`j`, I.F., 0779).

Ctrcs i`mtcras glpkgm`jcs ae ak jas`rrckkc ja k` vgckaemg` sce kcs mcnegtgvcs y kcs scmg`kas, jasja muy`s vartgaetas sa aetgaeja k` mcejumt` vgckaet` mclc ak rasukt`jc ja ue` ge`j`pt`mgýe jabgj` ` prcbkal`s ae k` mcjgigm`mgýe ja k` geicrl`mgýe, kc mu`k h`ma qua taen`e jgigmukt`jas  p`r` paes`r y `mtu`r `eta kcs prcbkal`s getarparsce`kas y kas jgigmukt` k` ak`bcr`mgýe ja raspuast`s `ktare`tgv`s. Astcs jçigmgts scmgc-mcnegtgvcs puajae l`etaear a gemkusc `ulaet`r k`s mcejumt`s vgckaet`s, ast`bkamgçejcsa ue mìrmukc jgiìmgk ja rclpar. Mu`ejc ue` parsce` vgckaet` as ramh`z`j` y suira rapatgjcs ir`m`scs ae sus rak`mgceas scmg`kas, mrama mce k` mcevgmmgýe ja qua ak luejc as hcstgk y astà mcetr` çk, `uequa astc ec ka glpgja qua sa `utc v`kcra pcsgtgv`laeta. ]ge alb`rnc, p`r` crgaet`r su eamasgj`j ja rak`mgceas scmg`kas y l`eaf`r pcsgtgv`laeta su `utcastgl` busm` ak `pcyc scmg`k ja `quakkcs mce kcs qua sa sgaeta rasp`kj`jc, qua sce s ce kcs qua mclp`rtae mce çk sus ast`tus ja ramh`z`jcs, r amh`z`jcs, mraàejcsa `sì paquaðcs nrupcs jasast`bgkgz`jcras jaetrc jak nrupc. ]ge laecspramg`r kcs i`mtcras bgckýngmcs, kcs mcnegtgvcs, kcs scmg`kas y kcs ja parsce`kgj`j, kcs i`mtcras qua mcbr`e ue p`pak aspamg`klaeta glpcrt`eta ae k` axpkgm`mgýe ja k` `p`rgmgýe ja mcejumt`s vgckaet`s, sce kcs i`mtcras `lbgaet`kas. Mcbr` aspamg`k glpcrt`emg` ak p`pak ja k` i`lgkg` puastc qua, sg k` vgckaemg` mclc icrl` ja rasckvar prcbkal`s getarparsce`kas getar parsce`kas suaka taear su crgnae `k prgemgpgc ja k` gei`emg`.

2.=. L@RMC ECRL@ZGYC Ak ast`jc paru`ec tgaea kayas y ecrl`s qua prctanae ` k` i`lgkg` ja mu`kqugar tgpc ja vgckaemg` c `mtc qua j`ða k` getanrgj`j ja k` parsce`, y` sa` iìsgm`, psgmckýngm`, atm. 07

 

@ mcetgeu`mgýe, j`lcs ` mcecmar ast`s kayas6

@rtìmukc 0.- Tcr k` prasaeta Kay, sa ast`bkama k` pckìtgm` jak Ast`jc y ja k` scmgaj`j iraeta ` k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, `sì mclc k`s lajgj`s ja prctammgýe qua mcrraspcej`e.

YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R @rtìmukc 20.- @ kcs aiamtcs ja k` prasaeta Kay, sa aetaejarà pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, mu`kqugar `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua m`usa j`ðc iìsgmc c psgmckýngmc, l`ktr`tc sge kasgýe, gemkusgva k` `lae`z` c mc`mmgýe nr`vas y/c ragtar`j`s, `sì mclc k` vgckaemg` saxu`k, qua sa prcjuzm`e aetra6

`) Mýeyunas b) Ax mýeyunas m)  Mcevgvgaetas j) Ax mcevgvgaetas a)  @smaejgaetas i)  Jasmaejgaetas n) T`rgaetas mck`tar`kas h`st` ak mu`rtc nr`jc ja mces`enugegj`j y sanuejc ja `igegj`j. h) Pugaeas h`bgt`e ae ak lgslc hcn`r, sgalpra qua ec lajgae rak`mgceas mcetr`mtu`kas c `bcr`kas.

g)  Pugaeas h`y`e prcmra`jc hgfcs ae mclöe, gejapaejgaetalaeta qua mcevgv`e c ec, `k lclaetc ja prcjumgrsa k` vgckaemg`.

 f)  Qec ja kcs mcevgvgaetas y kcs p`rgaetas jak ctrc h`st` ak mu`rtc nr`jc ja mces`enugegj`j y sanuejc ja `igegj`j, ae k`s uegceas ja hamhc. (LGLT Lgegstargc ja k` Lufar y Tcbk`mgceas Yukear`bkas, 2401)

2.:. L@RMC MCEMATZQ@K 24

 

2.:.0. YGCKAEMG@ K` Crn`egz`mgýe Luejg`k ja k` ]`kuj jaigea k` vgckaemg` mclc6 Ak usc getaemgce`k ja k` iuarz` c ak pcjar iìsgmc, ja hamhc, c mclc `lae`z`, mcetr` uec lgslc, ctr` parsce` c ue nrupc c mcluegj`j, qua m`usa c taen` lumh`s prcb`bgkgj`jas ja m`us`r kasgceas, luarta, j`ðcs  psgmckýngmcs, tr`stcrecs jak jas`rrckkc c prgv`mgceas. prgv`mgcea s.

2.:.2. I@LGKG@ K` i`lgkg` as ue` iuej`mgýe jceja ue` parsce` `praeja kcs lcjcs p`r` vgvgr ae p`z mce ctrcs. K` rak`mgýe ja k` i`lgkg` jaba sar astramh` y uegj`.

2.:.=. YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R Ak mceikgmtc y k` vgckaemg` mcestgtuyae iaeýlaecs `ecrl`kas, p`tckýngmcs. K` s`kuj y ak iuemgce`lgaetc `rlcegcsc sce kc ecrl`k y jasa`bka. Ae naear`k, ak mceikgmtc y k` vgckaemg` surnae ja k` `usaemg` ja ecrl`s c, ae tcjc m`sc, ja k` prasmgejaemg` qua lumhcs h`mae ja akk`s. Ae `lb`s cm`sgceas taealcs ue` jaigmgaemg` ae k` ecrl`tgvgj`j y ak jas`rrckkc, as jamgr k` `eclì`". (Jurohagl, 0818). Ae aiamtc, ak mceikgmtc y k` vgckaemg` puajae mcetrgbugr mcetrgbu gr ja l`ear` jamgjgj` ` rasquabr`f`r k`s icrl`s ja sckgj`rgj`j y mchasgýe làs qua ` mcesckgj`rk`s. @quì sa `sula, ae mcesamuaemg`, qua k` pcsgbgkgj`j ja ue` tacrì` jurohaglg`e` ja k` vgckaemg` p`rta jak astujgc ja k`s mcejgmgceas ae k`s mu`kas ec sa prcjuma k` mchasgýe y sckgj`rgj`j scmg`k, as jamgr, ja k`s icrl`s p`tckýngm`s ja çst`. K` vgckaemg` jclçstgm` c getr`i`lgkg`r sa puaja jaigegr mclc6 tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec, ae ak qua jaba lajg`r ue vìemukc i`lgkg`r c ìetglc aetra ak `nrascr y ak `nrajgjc. (Mk`r`luet, 2449) K` vgckaemg` getr`i`lgkg`r `b`rm` tcjc `quak mclpcrt`lgaetc ja vgckaemg` iìsgm`, saxu`k c  psgmckýngm` qua kkan` ` pcear ae sgtu`mgýe ja pakgnrc k` sanurgj`j c ak bgaeast`r ja ue`  parsce` jak nrupc i`lgkg`r? ak mclpcrt`lgaetc ja k`s parsce`s qua ramurrae t`etc ` k` iuarz` iìsgm` mclc `k mh`et`fa alcmgce`k? k`s `lae`z`s qua j`e kun`r `k ramursc ` k` iuarz` iìsgm`, 20

 

aetra k`s qua sa gemkuya k` vgckaemg` saxu`k, t`etc ae k` i`lgkg` mclc ae ak hcn`r. Fuetc ` asta mcemaptc sa puajae gemkugr6 ‛ak l`ktr`tc gei`etgk, ak gemastc, ak l`ktr`tc ja lufaras y kcs `buscs saxu`kas c ja ctrc tgpc mcetr` mu`kqugar parsce` qua mcevgv` ae ak lgslc hcn`r“

(Mclgsgýe Aurcpa`, 0777). As eamas`rgc taear mk`rc k` jgiaraemg` aetra tras mcemaptcs mk`rcs6 `busc, vgckaemg` y `mcsc. K` vgckaemg` y` k` halcs jaigegjc, parc ae ak m`sc m `sc jak `busc as pramgsc ssað`k`r að`k`r qua sa raigara ` ue` sgtu`mgýe ae k` qua k` vìmtgl` as laecr c qua pcsaa ue`s m`p`mgj`jas jgslgeugj`s c sa aemuaetr` ae ue` sgtu`mgýe ja geiargcrgj`j. (Brcwew, 244>) K` CL] jaigea k` vgckaemg` mclc ‛ak usc getaemgce`k ja k` iuarz` iìsgm` c ak pcjar mcetr` uec

lgslc, h`mg` ctr` parsce`, nrupcs c mcluegj`jas y qua tgaea mclc mcesamuaemg`s mcesamuaemg` s prcb`bkas kasgceas iìsgm`s, j`ðcs psgmckýngmcs, `ktar`mgceas jak jas`rrckkc, `b`ejcec a gemkusc k` luarta.“ Gemkuyaejc k` getaemgce`kgj`j ja prcjumgr j`ðc ae k` mclgsgýe ja astcs `mtcs.

(CL], 2442).

ZGTC] JA YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R -  YGCKAEMG@ IÌ]GM@6 ‛Zcj` `mmgýe vckuet`rg`laeta ra`kgz`j` qua prcvcqua, c puaj` prcvcm`r, j`ðc c kasgceas iìsgm`s ae k` parsce` l`ycr“ (Gbcrr`, 2447). Tcr vgckaemg` iìsgm` sa aetgaeja ‛ak usc ja k` iuarz` mcetr` ak muarpc ja ctr` parsce`“0=8. As

jamgr, mcesgstgrì` ae ‛mu`kqugar mcejumt` qua getanra ak usc getaemgce`k ja k` iuarz` mcetr` ak muarpc ja ctr` parsce` ja t`k lcjc qua aemgarra rgasnc ja kasgýe iìsgm`, j`ðc c jckcr, sge glpcrt`r ak hamhc ja qua ae ra`kgj`j ast` mcejumt` ec h`y` mcejumgjc ` ascs ra sukt`jcs“. As ak cbfatc ja astujgc ja nr`e p`rta ja k`s gevastgn`mgceas, puastc qua as k` icrl` ja vgckaemg` qua cirama l`ycras i`mgkgj`jas p`r` su tr`t`lgaetc alpìrgmc. (G. @kbarjg y E. L`t`s, 2442). - 

YGCKAEMG@ T]GMCKÝNGM@6

‛Zcj` `mmgýe (h`bgtu`klaeta ja m`ràmtar varb`k) c `mtgtuj qua prcvcqua c puaj` prcvcm`r j`ðc psgmckýngmc ` k` parsce` l`ycr.“ (Gbcrr`, 2447). 22

 

‛Raiargjc ` tcj` mcejumt` jgramt` c gejgramt` qua cm`sgcea j`ðc alcmgce`k, jgslgeuy` ak

`utcastgl`, parfujgqua c parturba ak s`ec jas`rrckkc jas `rrckkc ja k` lufar? y` sa` qua ast` mc mcejumt` ejumt` sa` varb`k c ec varb`k, qua prcjuzm` ae k` lufar jasv`kcrgz`mgýe c suirglgaetc, lajg`eta `lae`z`s, axgnaemg` ja cbajgaemg` c sulgsgýe, mcarmgýe, mukp`bgkgz`mgýe c kglgt`mgceas ja su àlbgtc ja kgbart`j, y mu`kqugar `ktar`mgýe ae su s`kuj qua sa jasaem`jaea ae k` jgstcrsgýe jak mcemaptc ja sì lgsl`, jak v`kcr mclc parsce`, ja k` vgsgýe jak luejc c ja k`s prcpg`s m`p`mgj`jas `iamtgv`s, afarmgj`s ae mu`kqugar tgpc ja rak`mgýe“

-  YGCKAEMG@ AMCEÝLGM@6 ‛Qtgkgz`mgýe gkan`k c ec `utcrgz`j` ja kcs ramurscs amceýlgmcs c ja k`s prcpgaj`jas ja ue`  parsce` l`ycr“ (Gbcrr`, 2447). Ae ak àlbgtc i`lgkg`r, k` vgckaemg` p`trglceg`k sa raigara ` k` ‛`mmgýe u clgsgýe ja qugae

`iamta c glpgj` k` `taemgýe `jamu`j` ja k`s eamasgj`jas ja k` i`lgkg` c `knue` ja k`s parsce`s ` qua sa raigara k` prasaeta kay? j`ð`, pgarja, sustr`a, jastruya, ratgaea, jgstr`a c sa `prcpg` ja cbfatcs, gestrulaetcs c bgaeas“. ‛K`s `mmgceas, clgsgceas c mcejumt`s qua `iamt`e k` kgbra jgspcsgmgýe jak p`trglcegc ja k `

lufar? gemkuyçejcsa kcs j`ðcs ` kcs bgaeas mclueas c prcpgcs lajg`eta k` tr`esicrl`mgýe, sustr`mmgýe, jastrummgýe, jgstr`mmgýe, j`ðc, pçrjgj`, kglgt`mgýe, rataemgýe ja cbfatcs, jcmulaetcs parsce`kas, bgaeas, v`kcras y jaramhcs p`trglceg`kas.

-  YGCKAEMG@ ]AXQ@K6 ‛Mu`kqugar mcet`mtc saxu`k ec jasa`jc ae ak qua ue` parsce` l`ycr as utgkgz`j` mclc lajgc  p`r` cbtaear astgluk`mgýe c nr`tgigm`mgýe saxu`k“ (Gbcrr`, (Gbcrr`, 2447, p. 2). Aetra k`s mcejumt`s ja

asta tgpc ja l`ktr`tc sa puajae gemkugr ak `mcsc saxu`k, kcs tcm`lgaetcs, atm. Ja `muarjc mce k` CL] ‛k` vgckaemg` saxu`k sa jaigea mclc ‛tcjc `mtc saxu`k, k` taet`tgv`

ja mcesul`r ue `mtc saxu`k, kcs mclaet`rgcs c gesgeu`mgceas saxu`kas ec jasa`jcs, c k`s `mmgceas p`r` mclarmg`kgz`r c utgkgz`r ja mu`kqugar ctrc lcjc k` saxu`kgj`j ja ue` parsce` 2=

 

lajg`eta mc`mmgýe pcr ctr` parsce`, gejapaejgaetalaeta ja k` rak`mgýe ja ast` mce k` vìmtgl`, ae mu`kqugar àlbgtc, gemkugjcs ak hcn`r y ak kun`r ja tr`b`fc“. (CL], 244=, p. 090)

2:

 

M@TGZQKC GGG  =. L@RMC LAZCJCKÝNGMC =.0. ZGTC W JG]AÐC JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGÝE =.0.0. ZGTC JA GEYA]ZGN@MGÝE Kcs `utcras mk`sgigm`e kcs tgpcs ja gevastgn`mgýe ae tras6 astujgcs axpkcr`tcrgcs, jasmrgptgvcs y axpkgm`tgvcs (pcr afalpkc, ]akktgz, F`hcj`, Jautsmh y Mcco, 0791? y B`bbga, 07>7). (Zçmegm`s ja Astujgc, 2408). ]ge alb`rnc, ae ak jas`rrckkc jak prcyamtc ja gevastgn`mgýe, sa h` `pkgm`jc ak tgpc ja gevastgn`mgýe6 jasmrgptgvc mcrrak`mgce`k.

=.0.2. JG]AÐC JA K@ GEYA]ZGN@MGÝE Ak prcyamtc ja gevastgn`mgýe sa crgaet` ae ak l`rmc jak jgsaðc ja gevastgn`mgýe ec axparglaet`k. ]anöe ]`lpgara (2440), ak jgsaðc qua qu a sa utgkgz` ae k` gevastgn`mgýe as ja tgpc ec axparglaet`k tr`es`mmgce`k mcrrak`mgce`k asta jgsaðc jasmrgba rak`mgceas aetra jcs c làs v`rg`bkas ae ue lclaetc jatarlge`jc, kcs jgsaðcs tr`es`mmgce`kas jasmrgptgvcs tgaeae mclc cbfatgvc gej`n`r k` gemgjaemg` y kcs v`kcras ae qua sa l`egigast` uec c làs v`rg`bkas.

21

 

=.2. JAIGEGMGÝE JA K@] Y@RG@BKA] =.2.0. Y@RG@BKA GEJATAEJGAEZA I`mtcras geikuyaetas.

=.2.2. Y@RG@BKA JATAEJGAEZA Ygckaemg` i`lgkg`r Y`rg`bkas ja astujgc6

I@MZCRA] TRGEMGT@KA]    @etamajaetas ja vgckaemg` ae k` gei`emg`

•

  @utcastgl`

•

  @etamajaetas ja vgckaemg` ae k` p`raf`

•

  Mcesulc ja `kmchck ja k` p`raf`

•

  T`rtgmgp`mgýe amceýlgm` ae ak hcn`r

•

  Tarspamtgv` ja nçearc

•

   Egvak scmgcamceýlgmc

•

  Lajgcs ja mcluegm`mgýe scmg`k

•

  Mrg`ez`

•

  Y`kcr`mgýe muktur`k

•

  Mraaemg`s

•

  Rak`mgýe ja p`raf`

•

=.=. TCBK@MGÝE W LQA]ZR@

29

 

=.=.0. TCBK@MGCE ]anöe ]`lpgarg (077>), ue` pcbk`mgýe as ak mcefuetc ja tcjcs kcs m`scs qua mcemuarj`e mce ue` sarga ja aspamgigm`mgceas. Qe` vaz qua sa h` jaigegjc muàk sarà k` uegj`j ja luastrac/`eàkgsgs, sa prcmaja ` jakglgt`r k` pcbk`mgýe qua v` ` sar astujg`j` y scbra k` mu`k sa prataeja naear`kgz`r kcs rasukt`jcs. K` pcbk`mgýe qua ecsctrcs ast`lcs mcesgjar`ejc as aetra k`s aj`jas ja 08 ` :1 `ðcs, kc mu`k j` ue tct`k ja 001 =40 h`bgt`etas. (LGE]@ Lgegstargc ja ]`kuj, 2409)

=.=.2. LQA]ZR@ ]anöe ]`lpgarg (077>) k` luastr` as, ae asaemg`, ue subnrupc ja k` pcbk`mgýe. Jgn`lcs qua as ue submcefuetc ja akalaetcs qua partaeamae partaeam ae ` asa mcefuetc jaigegjc ae sus m`r m`r`mtarìstgm`s `mtarìstgm`s `k qua kk`l`lcs pcbk`mgýe. Astc sa raprasaet` ae k` ignur` 8.=. Mce iramuaemg` kaalcs y asmumh`lcs h`bk`r ja luastr` raprasaet`tgv`, luastr` `k `z`r, luastr` `ka`tcrg`, mclc sg mce kcs sglpkas tçrlgecs sa pujgar` j`r làs sargaj`j ` kcs rasukt`jcs.

Z@L@ÐC JA LQA]ZR@ T@R@ A]ZGL@R K@ TRCTCRMGÝE JA K@ TCBK@MGÝE V < Egvak ja mceig`ez` E < Z`l`ðc ja k` pcbk`mgýe T < Trcpcrmgýe i`vcr`bka 0-T < Trcpcrmgýe jasi`vcr`bka j < Tramgsgýe

2>

 

 

 ∜1% sce ja nçearc ialaegec. Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =07 parsce`s ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407, jak mu`k sa jaspraeja qua, ja k`s lgsl`s aemuast`s `pkgm`j`s, qugaeas làs suirae `knöe tgpc ja vgckaemg` sce k`s lufaras.

=4

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 26 AJ@J  IQAEZA. Ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Ja kcs =07 aemuast`jcs scbra k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae ak jgstrgtc jgstr gtc ja Fukg`m`-2407, ae jceja sa mcesgjarý jasja kcs 0> h`st` kcs 94 `ðcs ja aj`j, ae k` mu`k ak 01% ja kcs aemuast`jcs sce ja 24 `ðcs, y k` laecr m`etgj`j ja aemuast`jcs sce ja =0, =:, :9, 1: y 19 `ðcs, mce 0%, as jamgr qua k` aj`j ja k`s vìmtgl`s qua h`e suirgjc `knöe tgpc ja vgckaemg` as ja làs gemgjaemg`, ae parsce`s làs fývaeas qua `jukt`s.

=0

 

Ignur` 4=6 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 4=sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak ja k gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak `kmchckgslc naear` Ygckaemg` Iìsgm`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` r a`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@6  ]a tgaea qua ak 10% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak `kmchckgslc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, lgaetr`s qua ue :4% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak `kmchckgslc naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, aetra t`etc ak > % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak `kmchckgslc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, y ak rast`eta 2% mcesgjar` qua   ak `kmchckgslc ec naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`. =2

 

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE6 Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak `kmchckgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc, y mclc sa mcrrcbcr` mce kc qua jgma ak `utcr Burl`e, jceja l`egigast` qua mgartcs i`mtcras ja rgasnc qua puajae j`rsa ae kcs hclbras p`r` qua sa  prcjuzm`e `nrasgceas `nr asgceas h`mg` sus p`raf`s, sce ak mcesulc ja `kmchck c ja j a ctr`s sust`emg`s ja `jgmmgýe.

IGNQR@ E ´ 4:6 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 4: sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak `kmchckgslc naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407. ==

 

KAMZQR@  ]a tgaea qua ak =0% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak `kmchckgslc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k, lgaetr`s qua ue :>% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak `kmchckgslc naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k, aetra t`etc ak 08 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak `kmchckgslc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k, y ak rast`eta :% mcesgjar` qua  ak `kmchckgslc ec naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE  Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak `kmchckgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` saxu`k, t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc, y mclc sa mcrrcbcr` mce kc qua jgma ak `utcr Jcunk`s, qugae l`egigast` qua axgsta ue` rak`mgýe jgramt` aetra mcesulc ja `kmchck y `nrasgvgj`j, mce l`ycras ìejgmas ja glpuksgvgj`j a gr`. Tcr t`etc, rak`mgce`e jgramt`laeta ak mcesulc ja `kmchck y ctr`s sust`emg`s ja `jgmmgýe pcr p`rta jak hclbra mce k` vgckaemg` afarmgj` h`mg` su p`raf`, y `sglgslc ue egvak akav`jc ja `kmchckgslc prajgma k` mcejumt` vgckaet`.

IGNQR@ E ´ 416 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6

=:

 

Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 41 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak `kmchckgslc naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak :0% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak `kmchckgslc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, lgaetr`s qua ue :4% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak `kmchckgslc naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, aetra t`etc ak 0= % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak `kmchckgslc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, y ak rast`eta 9% mcesgjar` qua  ak `kmchckgslc ec naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak `kmchckgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` psgmckcnì` jaetrc jak aetcrec i`lgkg`r, t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc, y mclc sa mcrrcbcr` mce kc qua jgma ak `utcr Cbarkagtear, qugae `igrl` qua ak `kmchckgslc iclaet` ue` `mtgtuj vgckaet`, qua sarì` k` gr`, ` k` qua jaigeae mclc "k` icrl` ja parmgbgr, getarprat`r y raspcejar ` jatarlge`jcs avaetcs qua susmgt`e ue` ra`mmgýe alcmgce`k". W pcr t`etc puaja `iamt`r ` k` vìmtgl` ae tcrec ` su ast`jc alcmgce`k c psgmckýngmc

=1

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 496 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 49 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak l`mhgslc naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak :7% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, lgaetr`s qua ue =7% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak l`mhgslc naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, aetra t`etc ak 00 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, y ak rast`eta 0% mcesgjar` qua  ak l`mhgslc ec naear` vgckaemg` iìsgm`. 

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE =9

 

Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` iìsgm`, t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc, `sglgslc Lcr`k y Kýpaz (240=) `igrl`e qua k` rak`mgýe jak l`mhgslc mce k` vgckaemg` ae k` i`lgkg`, astà rak`mgce`jc mce ak saetgjc ja supargcrgj`j qua sgaetas kcs vgmtgl`rgcs mce k`s vìmtgl`s.

IGNQR@ E ´ 4>6 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 4> sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak l`mhgslc naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

=>

 

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak :1% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, lgaetr`s qua ue =7% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas v amas ak l`mhgslc naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, aetra t`etc ak 0: % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, y ak rast`eta 2% mcesgjar` qua   ak l`mhgslc ec naear` vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara naea ra vgckaemg` psgmckýngm`, jaetrc jak aetcrec i`lgkg`r, puastc qua `k gnu`k qua k` vgckaemg` iìsgm`, ak l`mhgslc tr`jgmgce`k u hcstgk mk`r`laeta `taet` mcetr` k` aqugj`j ja nçearc y pcsaa ue `ktc pctaemg`k ja naear`r vgckaemg`, y pcr t`etc `iamt`r ak ast`jc alcmgce`k ja k`s vgmtgl`s.

IGNQR@ E ´ 486 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 =8

 

Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 48 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak l`mhgslc naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak =4% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k, lgaetr`s qua ue :8% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak l`mhgslc naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k, aetra t`etc ak 07% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k y ak rast`eta =% mcesgjar` qua  ak l`mhgslc ec naear` vgckaemg` saxu`k.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` saxu`k, jaetrc jak aetcrec i`lgkg`r, kc qua l`egigast` lajg`eta k` glpcsgmgýe jak pcjar ja kcs hclbras scbra k`s lufaras.

=7

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 476 YGCKAEMG@ I@LGKG@R IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 47 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Ak egvak amceýlgmc naear` vgckaemg` amceýlgm`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak =0% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak egvak amceýlgmc sgalpra naear` vgckaemg` amceýlgm`, lgaetr`s qua ue :=% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak egvak amceýlgmc naear` vgckaemg` amceýlgm`, aetra t`etc ak 07 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak egvak amceýlgmc r`r`s vamas naear` vgckaemg` amceýlgm`, y ak rast`eta >% mcesgjar` qua   ak egvak amceýlgmc ec naear` vgckaemg` amceýlgm`. :4

 

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak egvak amceýlgmc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` amceýlgm`, mclc ue` icrl` ja mcetrck y ja l`egpuk`mgýe qua sa puaja prcjumgr ae k` rak`mgýe ja p`raf` y qua sa luastr` ` tr`vçs ja k` i`kt` ja kgbart`j qua ak `nrascr cirama ` k` vìmtgl` ae k` ra`kgz`mgýe ja n`stcs eamas`rgcs p`r` mubrgr sus eamasgj`jas.

IGNQR@ E ´ 046 @KMCHCKG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 04 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Mcesgjar`s ` tìtukc  parsce`k qua mcesulgr `kmchck sgalpra m`us` ue mclpcrt`lgaetc ean`tgvc3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407. :0

 

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak =0% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua mcesulgr mc esulgr `kmchck sgalpra naear` ue mclpcrt`lgaetc ean`tgvc, lgaetr`s qua ue :>% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas mcesulgr `kmchck naear` ue mclpcrt`lgaetc ean`tgvc, aetra t`etc ak 07 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua mcesulgr `kmchck r`r`s vamas naear` ue mclpcrt`lgaetc ean`tgvc, y ak rast`eta =% mcesgjar` qua mcesulgr `kmchck ec naear` ue mclpcrt`lgaetc ean`tgvc.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua `kmchck sgalpra naear` ue mclpcrt`lgaetc ean`tgvc, puastc qua ak mcesulc ja `kmchck `iamt` jgramt`laeta ` k`s iuemgceas mcnegtgv`s y iìsgm`s y rajuma ak `utcmcetrck, pcr kc qua kcs gejgvgjucs sce laecs laec s m`p`mas ja h`kk`r ue` sckumgýe ec vgckaet` ` kcs mceikgmtcs rak`mgce`kas.

IGNQR@ E ´ 006 @KMCHCKG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6

:2

 

Ae ak nràigmc E¶ 00 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³@knue` vaz tu p`raf` sa pusc vgckaetc(`) mu`ejc astuvc b`fc kcs aiamtcs ja `kmchck3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 9% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` sgalpra su p`raf` sa pusc vgckaetc(`) mu`ejc astuvc b`fc kcs aiamtcs ja `kmchck, lgaetr`s qua ue =2% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su  p`raf` sa pusc pus c vgckaetc(`) mu mu`ejc `ejc astuvc bb`fc `fc kcs aiamtcs ja `kmchck, `kmchck , aetra t`etc ak 27 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas su p`raf` sa pusc vgckaetc(`) mu`ejc astuvc b`fc kcs aiamtcs ja `kmchck, y ak rast`eta ==% mcesgjar` qua  euem` su p`raf` sa pusc vgckaetc(`) mu`ejc astuvc b`fc kcs aiamtcs ja `kmchck.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak `kmchckgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r,  puastc qua genargr sust`emg`s qua `iamtae ak jasaevckvglgaetc ecrl`k ja k` parsce`, `nr`v` làs y naear`s `mtcs ja vgckaemg`.

:=

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 026 @KMCHCKG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 02 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas pcrm aet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Muàejc su p`raf` astà abrg` nrgt` c jastruya kcs luabkas3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 1% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua muàejc su p`raf` astà abrg` sgalpra nrgt` c jastruya kcs luabkas, lgaetr`s qua ue 22% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas nrgt` c jastruya kcs luabkas, aetra t`etc ak 2> % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua muàejc su p`raf` astà abrg` r`r`s vamas nrgt` c jastruya kcs luabkas, y ak rast`eta :9% mcesgjar` qua muàejc su p`raf` astà abrg` euem` nrgt` c jastruya kcs luabkas. ::

 

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua k` l`ycrì` ja kcs aemuast`jcs ec h`e prasaemg`jc `mtcs ja jastrummgýe c nrgtcs, pcr kc qua sa geigara qua k` vgckaemg` astà làs aeicm`j` ` k` iìsgm`.

IGNQR@ E ´ 0=6 @KMCHCKG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 0= sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Zuvgsta prcbkal`s mce tu p`raf` pcr tal`s ja mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 04% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra tuvc prcbkal`s mce su p`raf` pcr tal`s ja mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s, lgaetr`s qua ue 29% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas, aetra t`etc ak 29 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas tuvc prcbkal`s prcb kal`s :1

 

mce su p`raf` pcr tal`s ja mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s, y ak rast`eta =8% mcesgjar` qua   euem` tuvc prcbkal`s mce su p`raf` pcr tal`s ja mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s, sg bgae as mgartc qua naear`e vgckaemg` iìsgm`, ec eamas`rg`laeta naear` prcbkal`s ae k` p`raf`.

IGNQR@ E ´ 0:6 @KMCHCKG]LC

IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 0: sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Mraas qua k` vgckaemg` as ue aiamtc jak mcesulc ja `kmchck3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@

:9

 

]a tgaea qua ak 2=% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua k` vgckaemg` sgalpra sarà ue aiamtc jak mcesulc ja `kmchck, lgaetr`s qua ue :4% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas k` vgckaemg` sarà ue aiamtc jak mcesulc ja `kmchck, aetra t`etc ak 08 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas sarà ue aiamtc jak mcesulc ja `kmchck, y ak rast`eta 07% mcesgjar` qua   k` vgckaemg` euem` sarà ue aiamtc jak mcesulc ja `kmchck.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak `kmchckgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r,  puastc qua ak `kmchck `iamt` jgramt`laeta ` k`s iuemgceas mcnegtgv`s y iìsgm`s y rajuma ak `utcmcetrck, pcr kc qua kcs gejgvgjucs sce laecs m`p`mas ja h`kk`r ue` sckumgýe ec vgckaet` ` kcs mceikgmtcs rak`mgce`kas.

IGNQR@ E ´ 016 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 01sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Mraa ustaj qua ak l`mhgslc as ue` mcesamuaemg` ja kcs p`trceas muktur`kas3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc :>

 

l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak =2% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc sgalpra sarà ue` mcesamuaemg` ja kcs p`trceas muktur`kas, lgaetr`s qua ue :0% mcesgjar` mcesgjar ` qua ` vamas ak l`mhgslc sarà ue` mcesamuaemg` ja kcs p`trceas muktur`kas, aetra t`etc ak 07% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua ak l`mhgslc r`r`s vamas sarà ue` mcesamuaemg` ja kcs p`trceas muktur`kas, y ak rast`eta 8% mcesgjar` qua   ak l`mhgslc ec as ue` mcesamuaemg` ja kcs  p`trceas muktur`kas.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc sgalpra sarà ue` mcesamuaemg` ja kcs p`trceas muktur`kas mclc ue` gjackcnì` qua aenkcb` ak mcefuetc ja `mtgtujas, mcejumt`s, pràmtgm`s scmg`kas y mraaemg`s jastge`j`s ` prclcvar ak cjgc h`mg` k` lufar.

IGNQR@ E ´ 096 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407)

:8

 

Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 09 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c sap`r`rk` ja sus hgfcs3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 9% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c sap`r`rk` ja sus hgfcs, lgaetr`s qua ue 21% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c sap`r`rk` ja sus hgfcs, aetra t`etc ak 22 % ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas su p`raf` h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c sap`r`rk` ja sus hgfcs, y ak rast`eta :>% mcesgjar` qua   euem` su p`raf` h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c sap`r`rk` ja sus hgfcs.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ae k` l`ycrì` ja pcrmaet`fa k` p`raf` ec h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c sap`r`rk` ja sus hgfcs, pcr kc qua parsgsta k` muktur` ja icrl`r ue` i`lgkg` mce vgckaemg`.

:7

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 0>6 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 0> sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj ³]u p`raf` ka gesukt` c k` h`ma saetgr geiargcr3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 8% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` mcesgjar ` qua sgalpra su p`raf` ka gesukt` c k` h`ma saetgr geiargcr, lgaetr`s qua ue 07% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` ka gesukt` c k` h`ma saetgr geiargcr, aetra t`etc ak 2>% ja kcs aemuast`jcs aemuas t`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas ssuu p`raf` ka gesukt` c k` h`ma saetgr geiargcr, y ak rast`eta :9% mcesgjar` qua euem` su p`raf` ka gesukt` c k` h`ma saetgr geiargcr.

14

 

GEZARTRAZ@MGÝE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.  

IGNQR@ E ´ 086 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 08 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, Jaspuçs ja uecs apgscjgcs vgckaetcs, ³su p`raf` sa luastr` m`rgðcsc, `taetc, `l`bka, ta ran`k` mcs`s y ta  prclata ec gesukt`rta c nckpa`rta3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` aem uast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@

10

 

]a tgaea qua ak 02% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua jaspuçs jasp uçs ja uecs apgscjgcs vgckaetcs sgalpra su p`raf` sa luastr` m`rgðcsc, `taetc, `l`bka? lgaetr`s qua ue 24% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas jaspuçs ja uecs apgscjgcs vgckaetcs su p`raf` sa luastr` m`rgðcsc, `taetc, `l`bka? aetra t`etc ak 2:% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua jaspuçs ja uecs apgscjgcs vgckaetcs r`r`s vamas su p`raf` sa luastr` m`rgðcsc, `taetc, `l`bka, y ak rast`eta ::% mcesgjar` qua jaspuçs ja uecs apgscjgcs vgckaetcs euem` su p`raf` sa luastr` luas tr` m`rgðcsc, `taetc, `l`bka.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.  

IGNQR@ E ´076 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 07 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` ka h` nckpa`jc c ka h` k`ez`jc `knöe cbfatc tr`s ue` jgsmusgýe3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc 12

 

l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 8% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` ka h` nckpa`jc c ka h` k`ez`jc `knöe cbfatc tr`s ue` jgsmusgýe, lgaetr`s qua ue 09% 09 % mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` ka h` nckpa`jc c ka h` k`ez`jc `knöe cbfatc tr`s ue` jgsmusgýe, aetra t`etc ak =4% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas su p`raf` ka h` nckpa`jc c ka h` k`ez`jc `knöe cbfatc tr`s ue` jgsmusgýe, y ak rast`eta :9% mcesgjar` qua  su p`raf` euem` ]u p`raf` ka h` nckpa`jc c ka h` k`ez`jc `knöe cbfatc tr`s ue` jgsmusgýe.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.

IGNQR@ E ´ 246 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) 1=

 

Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 24 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` mcetrck` su vastglaet`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08  parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 7% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` mcetrck` su vastglaet`, lgaetr`s qua ue 0>% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` mcetrck` su vastglaet`, aetra t`etc ak 29% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas su p`raf` mcetrck` su vastglaet`, y ak rast`eta :8% mcesgjar` qua  euem` su p`raf` mcetrck` su vastglaet`.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.  

1:

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 206 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407)

Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 20 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` ec k` jaf` taear `lgncs3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak >% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` ka jaf` taear `lgncs, lgaetr`s qua ue 0>% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` ka jaf` taear `lgncs,

11

 

aetra t`etc ak 2:% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas su p`raf` ka jaf` taear `lgncs, y ak rast`eta 12% mcesgjar` qua  su p`raf` euem` su p`raf` ka jaf` taear `lgncs.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.  

IGNQR@ E ´ 226 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6

19

 

Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 22 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` ec k` jaf` gr ` rauegceas i`lgkg`ras c ja `lgncs3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak >% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` jaf` gr ` rauegceas i`lgkg`ras c ja `lgncs, lgaetr`s qua ue 0>% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` jaf` gr ` rauegceas i`lgkg`ras c ja `lgncs, aetra t`etc ak 2:% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua su p`raf` r`r`s vamas jaf` gr ` rauegceas i`lgkg`ras c ja `lgncs, y ak rast`eta 12% mcesgjar` qua su p`raf` euem` jaf` gr ` rauegceas i`lgkg`ras c ja `lgncs.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.  

1>

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 2=6 L@MHG]LC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 2= sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` ec mcetrgbuya ae ak hcn`r3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 7% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` mcetrgbuya ae ak hcn`r, lgaetr`s qua ue 2:% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` mcetrgbuya ae ak hcn`r, aetra t`etc ak 28% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua su p`raf` r`r`s vamas v amas mcetrgbuya ae ak hcn`r, y ak rast`eta =7% mcesgjar` qua  su p`raf` euem` mcetrgbuya ae ak hcn`r.

18

 

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak l`mhgslc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe Mk`r`luet qua `igrl` qua tcj` `mmgýe u clgsgýe qua taen` mclc rasukt`jc ak j`ðc ` k` getanrgj`j iìsgm`, saxu`k alcmgce`k c scmg`k ja ue sar hul`ec.  

IGNQR@ E ´ 2: EGYAK AMCECLGMC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 17

 

Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 2: sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` ta mcetrck` astrgmt`laeta mce kcs genrascs qua ta aetran` y `sì crgnge` jgsmusgceas3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407. KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 8% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` k` (c) mcetrck` astrgmt`laeta mce kcs genrascs qua ka aetran` y `sì crgnge` jgsmusgceas, lgaetr`s qua ue 22% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` k` (c) mcetrck` astrgmt`laeta mce kcs genrascs qua ka aetran` y `sì crgnge`ejc jgsmusgceas, aetra t`etc ak 24% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s vamas su p`raf` k` (c) mcetrck` astrgmt`laeta mce kcs genrascs qua ka aetran` y `sì ec crgnge` jgsmusgceas, y ak rast`eta 14% mcesgjar` qua   su p`raf` euem` k` (c) mcetrck` astrgmt`laeta mce kcs genrascs qua ka aetran` y `sì ec crgnge` jgsmusgceas.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak egvak amceýlgmc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe ^abar? asta `igrl` qua ak p`trg`rm`jc parlgta axpkgm`r k`s r`ìmas ja subcrjge`mgýe, jgsmrglge`mgýe a geir`v`kcr`mgýe ja k`s lufaras.

94

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 21 EGYAK AMCECLGMC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 21 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` ka h`  prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407. 90

 

KAMZQR@  ]a tgaea qua ak =% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` ka h`  prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r, lgaetr`s qua ue 0>% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` ka h`  prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r, aetra t`etc ak 24% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` mcesgjar ` r`r`s vamas su  p`raf` ka h` prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r, y ak rast`eta 94% mcesgjar` qua  su p`raf` euem` ka h` prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua su p`raf` euem` ka h` prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r, ast ujg`r, pcr kc qua, jasja asa puetc ja vgst`, sa jaspraeja qua k` vgckaemg` astà aeicm`j` ae ctrcs tgpcs ja vgckaemg` mclc k` iìsgm` c psgmckýngm`.

92

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 29 EGYAK AMCECLGMC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 29 sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³]u p`raf` sa n`st` ak jgearc qua sa eamasgt` p`r` ak sustaetc i`lgkg`r3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@  ]a tgaea qua ak :% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra su p`raf` sa n`st` ak jgearc qua sa eamasgt` p`r` ak sustaetc i`lgkg`r, lgaetr`s qua ue 08% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas su p`raf` sa n`st` ak jgearc qua sa eamasgt` p`r` ak sustaetc i`lgkg`r, aetra t`etc ak 2:% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` r`r`s vamas su p`raf` sa n`st` ak jgearc qua sa eamasgt` p`r` ak sustaetc i`lgkg`r, y ak rast`eta 1:% mcesgjar` qua  su p`raf` euem` sa n`st` ak jgearc qua sa eamasgt` p`r` ak sustaetc i`lgkg`r.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ak egvak amceýlgmc geikuya p`r` qua sa naeara vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r t`k mclc ecs halcs pk`eta`jc sanöe ^abar? asta `igrl` qua ak p`trg`rm`jc parlgta axpkgm`r k`s r`ìmas ja subcrjge`mgýe, jgsmrglge`mgýe a geir`v`kcr`mgýe ja k`s lufaras.

9=

 

IGNQR@ E ´ 2>6 EGYAK AMCECLGMC IQAEZA6 ak`bcr`mgýe prcpg` (2407) Jasmrgpmgýe6 Ae ak nràigmc E ¶ 2> sa mcesgjar` kcs pcrmaet`fas jak gejgm`jcr6 Qstaj, ³Mraas qua ak b`fc egvak amceýlgmc ja ue` i`lgkg` kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`3 Jgmhcs j`tcs sa h`e cbtaegjc ja k` aemuast` ra`kgz`j` ` ue eölarc tct`k ja =08 parsce`s t`etc ja saxc ialaegec mclc l`smukgec ja k` mguj`j ja Fukg`m`, k` cbsarv`mgýe iua ra`kgz`j` ` tr`vçs ja ue muastgce`rgc ja pranuet`s ae ak las ja ecvgalbra jak 2407.

KAMZQR@ ]a tgaea qua ak 0:% ja euastr` pcbk`mgýe aemuast`j` mcesgjar` qua sgalpra ak b`fc egvak amceýlgmc ja ue` i`lgkg` kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`, lgaetr`s qua ue =4% mcesgjar` qua ` vamas ak b`fc egvak amceýlgmc ja ue` i`lgkg` kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`, aetra t`etc ak 21% ja kcs aemuast`jcs mcesgjar` qua r`r`s ak b`fc egvak amceýlgmc ja ue` i`lgkg` kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`, y ak rast`eta =0% mcesgjar` qua ak b`fc egvak amceýlgmc ja ue` i`lgkg` i `lgkg` eum` kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`.

GEZARTRAZ@MGCE 9:

 

Kcs rasukt`jcs jaluastr`e qua ue nr`e pcrmaet`fa pc rmaet`fa h` l`egiast`jc qua ak egvak amceýlgmc ja ue` i`lgkg` ec kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`, sge alb`rnc sg axgsta, k` vgckaemg` amceýlgm` mclc ue` icrl` ja mcetrck y ja l`egpuk`mgýe qua sa puaja prcjumgr ae k` rak`mgýe ja p`raf` y qua sa luastr` ` tr`vçs ja k` i`kt` ja kgbart`j qua ak `nrascr cirama ` k` vìmtgl` ae k` ra`kgz`mgýe ja n`stcs eamas`rgcs p`r` mubrgr sus eamasgj`jas.

91

 

M@TGZQKC Y MCEMKQ]GÝE  Ae euastr` gevastgn`mgýe jatarlge`lcs qua k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r as ue tal` luy rakav`eta ae ak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`, y` qua astc as naear`jc pcr kcs i`mtcras mýlc pcjalcs laemgce`r ak `kmchckgslc, ak l`mhgslc, y ak egvak amceýlgmc. Ae ak `kmchckgslc as rakav`eta laemgce`r qua as uec ja kcs i`mtcras ja l`ycr tr`smaejaemg` ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, y` qua h`st` k` `mtu`kgj`j sce kcs l`ycras m`scs prasaet`jcs k`s jaeuemg`s ae k` mclgs`rì` jak jgstrgtc ja Fukg`m`. Ja pcr sg ast`s parsce`s sa tcre`e vgckaetcs y jasm`rn`e su vgckaemg` ae mcetr` ja sus i`lgkg`s. Ae m`lbgc, ak l`mhgslc y ak `utcrgt`rgslc, t`lbgçe sce m`us`etas ja k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r ae euastr` scmgaj`j, ae vgst` ja qua ak v`rýe sa mraa supargcr ` k` lufar y tr`t` ja glpcearka su `utcrgj`j alpka`ejc `mmgceas c `mtgtujas vgckaet`s p`r` sclatark`, astc sa jgc jasja çpcm`s `etargcras pcr akkc axgsta ` ue asta tgpc ja paes`lgaetcs. Jaspuçs ja var kcs rasukt`jcs cbtaegjcs, pcjalcs `igrl`r qua. - 

Aiamtgv`laeta ak `kmchckgslc, geikuya ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` ae k`

vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. -  Aiamtgv`laeta ak l`mhgslc, geikuya ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` pc sgtgv` ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r. - 

Aiamtgv`laeta ak egvak amceýlgmc, geikuya ja l`ear` pcsgtgv` ae k`

vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r.

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RAMCLAEJ@MGCEA]   Raicrz`r ak mclprclgsc y k` `mmgýe ae ak àlbgtc jgstrgt`k

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  Trclcvar raspuast`s ja pravaemgýe prgl`rg`

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  Gevckumr`r `k samtcr ajum`mgýe   Raicrz`r k` raspuast` jak samtcr s`kuj

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  @pcy`r ` k`s lufaras qua mcevgvae mce k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r

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  ]aesgbgkgz`r ` kcs getanr`etas ja kcs sgstal`s ja fustgmg` pae`k

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  @pcy`r k` gevastgn`mgýe y k` mck`bcr`mgýe

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@ ige ja `bcrj`r y pravaegr k` vgckaemg` afarmgj` mcetr` k`s lufaras, as eamas`rgc qua lumh`s gest`emg`s y samtcras tclae lajgj`s ae eularcscs àlbgtcs. ]ge alb`rnc, as glpcrt`eta qua kcs ast`jcs `sul`e k` raspces`bgkgj`j ja k` sanurgj`j y ak bgaeast`r ja sus mguj`j`ecs. Ae asta saetgjc, kcs ncbgarecs e`mgce`kas, `utcrgj`jas kcm`kas, ae mck`bcr`mgýe mce k`s crn`egz`mgceas ec nubare`laet`kas, k`s crn`egz`mgceas getare`mgce`kas y kcs jce`etas, h`e ja mcemajar prgcrgj`j ` k`s sgnugaetas ramclaej`mgceas qua jglcs `etargcrlaeta  

9>

 

RAIARAEMG@] BGBKGCNRÀIGM@]   @kt`lgr`ec, L. (240:). Ak L`rmc ]glbýkgmc Ja K` Kay Ja Ygckaemg` I`lgkg`r W ]us

•

 Lcjgigm`mgceas. 71. Ratrgavaj ircl

http6//jsp`ma.uegtru.aju.pa/bgtstra`l/h`ejka/QEGZRQ/=42:/Zasgs L`astrì` - L`rg` @kt`lgr`ec Yar`.pji3saquaema74/ATN480-444=940.pji3saquaemaM73saquaema). Jakglgt`mgýe jak Gtar mrglgegs p`r` jatarlge`r taet`tgv` taet`tgv` ja

•

 ialgegmgjgc c kasgceas pcr vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r, jgstrgtc jgstrgtc igsm`k ja Tuec  ”  240>   240> . 0>4.

Ratrgavaj ircl http6//rapcsgtcrgc.u`emv.aju.pa/bgtstra`l/h`ejka/Q@EMY/0>11/Z4=9S:44>7=29.pji 3saquaema

³Mraas qua mcesulgr `kmchck b`f` k` raspces`bgkgj`j `eta k` i`lgkg`3

8

³Mcesulgr `kmchck mraas qua as ue aiamtc rak`f`eta p`r` ue` parsce`3

7

³Mcesulgr tcjc tgpc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s as  buaec p`r` jastrgz`rta3

04

³Mraas qua mcesulgr `kmchck as pcsgbka kkav`r ae mcetrck3

00

³Mcesgjar`s qua ak l`mhgslc ae ue` i`lgkg` as harajgt`rgc3

02

³Ak p`jra l`mhgst` ae ue` i`lgkg`, kkav` ` ue` l`k` mclpraesgýe ` su i`lgkg`3

0=

³As pcsgbka pcear ae `ktc `k l`mhgslc kkav`ejc m`p`mgt`mgceas ae kcs maetrcs ajum`tgvcs (asmuak` ja p`jras)3

0:

³Ak l`mhgslc as ue` mcesamuaemg` ja mcesulgr ak `kmchck iramuaetalaeta3

01

³Ak l`mhgslc hcy ae jì` ae euastr` scmgaj`j `mtu`k as pcsgbka kkav`r ae mcetrck3

09

³Mcesgjar`s qua ue b`fc egvak amceýlgmc m`us` ue` l`k` mcevgvaemg` i`lgkg`r3

0> 08

07

³Mraas qua ak b`fc egvak amceýlgmc ae ue` i`lgkg` kglgt` ae su m`kgj`j ja vgj`3 ³Mcesgjar`s qua ak egvak amceýlgmc japaeja ja ue` i`lgkg` qua tr`b`f` c qua sa aemuaetr` ae pkaec alpkac3 ³]gaetas qua tu p`raf` ta astà mcetrck`ejc mcest`etalaeta3

>0

 

24

³@knue` vaz, tu p`raf` ta h` hulgkk`jc, jak`eta ja tus mclp`ðarcs ja tr`b`fc, `lgn`s c i`lgkg`s, scbra tu lcjc ja `p`rgaemg`, tu icrl` ja sar, ak lcjc qua ra`kgz`s kcs tr`b`fcs hcn`raðcs3

20

³H`s parjgjc mcet`mtc mce `lgn`s, mclp`ðarcs/`s, i`lgkg`ras, p`r` avgt`r qua tu  p`raf` sa lckasta3

22

³Zu p`raf` ta mcetrck` astrgmt`laeta mce tus genrascs c ak jgearc qua ta aetran`, crgnge`ejc jgsmusgceas3

2=

³Zgaea tu p`raf` m`lbgcs brusmcs ja hulcr c sa mclpcrt` mcetgnc jgstgetc ae ak pöbkgmc, mclc sg iuar`s ctr` parsce`3

2:

³Za h` nckpa`jc mce sus l`ecs, mce ue cbfatc, ta h` k`ez`jc mcs`s mu`ejc tgaeae jgsmusgceas, ak muàejc sa aecf`3

21

³@knue` vaz, ta h` `lae`z`jc tu p`raf` mce `knöe cbfatc, ` tg u `knugae ja tu i`lgkg`3

29

³Zu p`raf` as vgckaetc mce tus hgfcs/`s c mce ctr`s parsce`s3

2>

³Zö mraas qua ak `kmchckgslc as ue i`mtcr geikuyaeta ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r3

28

³Jaspuçs ja uecs apgscjgcs vgckaetcs, sa luastr` m`rgðcsc, `taetc, `l`bka, ta ran`k` mcs`s y ta prclata qua ec vckvarà ` gesukt`rta ` nckpa`rta, qua tcjc v` m`lbg`r3

27

³Ak l`mhgslc as ue i`mtcr geikuyaeta ae k` vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r3

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³@yuj`rì`s ` ue` parsce` qua astà suirgaejc ue tgpc ja vgckaemg`3

>2

 

=0

³Ygsta ja marm` `knöe m`sc ja vgckaemg` i`lgkg`r3

=2

³@knue` vaz tu p`raf` ta jgma mýlc vastgrta3

==

³Zu p`raf` ta prchìba s`kgr ` igast`s3

=:

³@knue` vaz suirgsta `knöe tgpc ja vgckaemg`3

³@knue` vaz tuvgsta prcbkal`s mce tu p`raf` =1  pcr tal`s amceýlgmcs3 =9

=> =8

³@knue` vaz tu p`raf` sa pusc vgckaetc mu`ejc ast`b` `kmchckgz`jc3 ³Zuvgsta prcbkal`s mce tu p`raf` pcr tal`s jak mcesulc ja babgj`s `kmchýkgm`s3 ³]u p`raf` k` h` `lae`z`jc mce grsa, j`ð`rk` c

=7

qugt`rkas ` sus hgfcs3 ³Mcesgjar` ustaj qua suirgý `knöe tgpc ja vgckaemg` ae astcs öktglcs lasas3

:4

³]u p`raf` ka h` prchgbgjc tr`b`f`r c astujg`r3

:0

³]u aspcsc k` gesukt`, k` h`ma saetgr geiargcr3

:2

³]u p`raf` ka ramk`l` mclc n`st` ustaj ak jgearc3

:=

³Muàejc asta abrgc su p`raf` nrgt` c jastruya kcs luabkas3

::

³]u p`raf` sa `juað` ja su jgearc c sus bgaeas3

³]u aspcsc sa n`st` ak jgearc qua sa eamasgt` :1  p`r` k` m`s`3

>=