Face2face Advanced Spanish Wordlist

Advanced wordlist: English to Spanish Lesson English word no.

Spanish Español

Example sentence

a

8A

absorb

absorber

Plants absorb carbon dioxide.

a

10B

absorption

absorción

Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption through the skin.

a

2A

academic

académico / a

academic subjects/qualifications/books

a

10B

academy

academia

a military/police academy

a

7B

acceptable

aceptable

This kind of attitude is simply not acceptable.

a

5C

accepted

aceptado / a

The idea is not accepted (= approved of) in political circles.

a

3A

accolade

reconocimiento

This is his centennial year and he's been granted the ultimate accolade - his face on a set of three postage stamps.

a

6B

accumulation

acumulación

a

7B

accurately

rigurosamente

a

5C

achievement

éxito/logro

Despite this accumulation of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. The plans should be drawn as accurately as possible, showing all the measurements. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young.

a

4B

acquire

adquirir

As people grow older, their faces acquire more character.

a

7B

activate

activar

The alarm is activated by the lightest pressure.

a

1B

add up

significar

It all added up to a lot of hard work for all of us.

a

7B

addition

además

In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.

a

9B

additive-free

sin aditivos

additive-free food

a

5A

admirer

admirador

She's got plenty of admirers.

a

6B

adopt

adoptar

I think it's time to adopt a different strategy in my dealings with him.

a

2B

adorable

adorable

She has the most adorable two-year-old girl.

a

8B

adrenaline

adrenalina

a

10C

advanced

avanzado / a

These arguments always get my adrenaline going (= make me excited or angry). an advanced English course

a

6A

advancement

ascenso

All she was interested in was the advancement of her own career.

a

6B

advertiser

anunciante

a

8A

advisor

asesor

Whilst claiming to promote positive images of women, advertisers are in fact doing the very opposite. She is the party's main economic advisor.

a

10A

aeroplane

avión

She has her own private aeroplane.

a

2A

affectionate

afectuoso / a

He's an affectionate little boy.

a

9A

affluence

opulencia/riqueza

a

9C

against

contra

What we are seeing increasingly is a society of private affluence and public squalor. She spoke against the decision to close the college.

a

9C

agriculture

agricultura

Agriculture is still largely based on traditional methods in some countries.

a

9C

aid

ayuda

a

10A

airborne

en el aire

The Vatican has agreed to donate $80 000 in humanitarian/emergency aid to countries affected by the war. The airborne radioactive particles have covered a huge area of Russia.

a

7C

alarm

alarma

If there's any trouble, raise/sound the alarm by pulling the emergency cord.

a

10A

alas

¡ay!

I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.

a

7A

alibi

coartada

He has a cast-iron alibi - he was in hospital the week of the murder.

a

8B

alive

vivo / a

He must be ninety if he's still alive.

a

7B

allege

alegar

The two men allege (that) the police forced them to make false confessions.

a

5A

allegedly

según dice

That's where he allegedly killed his wife.

a

10A

allowance

dietas

a

1A

all-time

sin precedente

The perks of the job include a company pension scheme and a generous travel allowance. After three years of drought, the water in the lake had reached an all-time low.

a

10B

amateur

aficionado

This tennis tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.

a

3B

amaze

sorprender

It amazes me that she's got the energy for all those parties.

a

3A

amongst

entre

Relax, you're amongst friends.

a

6A

amusing

divertido / a

an amusing story/person/situation

a

1A

analysis

análisis

Chemical analysis revealed a high content of copper.

a

8B

ancestor

antepasado

There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the room.

a

8B

anger

rabia

a

10B

animation

animaciones

a

7A

ankle

tobillo

I think he feels a lot of anger towards his father who treated him very badly as a child. Encyclopaedias on CD-ROM include sound, illustrations and simple animations. I fell over and sprained/twisted my ankle.

a

1A

annoy

hacer enfadar

Tim really annoyed me in the meeting this morning.

a

6B

antagonise

enfadarse

It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonise him.

a

6A

anti-social

antisocial

anti-social behaviour

a

9B

anti-war

contra la guerra

an anti-war protest

a

10A

anxiously

ansiosamente

Tomorrow the children will receive their anxiously awaited presents.

a

4B

apparent

aparente

a

9B

appeal

atracción

I was on the metro this morning when for no apparent reason the man opposite suddenly screamed. Spielberg films have a wide appeal.

a

10A

applicant

candidato

How many applicants did you have for the job?

a

1A

appoint

nombrar

We've appointed three new teachers this year.

a

9C

apprenticeship

aprendizaje

I started my apprenticeship last year.

a

8B

architecture

arquitectura

Roman architecture

a

6A

archive

archivo

archive film/footage/material

a

6C

arrange

arreglar

She's arranged for her son to have swimming lessons.

a

10A

arrival

llegada

Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's arrival at the airport.

a

9A

as opposed to

en lugar de

I'd prefer to go on holiday in May, as opposed to September.

a

3A

aspect

aspecto

Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?

a

3B

associate

asociar

Most people associate this brand with good quality.

a

3A

astonish

asombrar

What astonished me was that he didn't seem to mind.

a

2A

astounding

sorprendente

an astounding fact/decision/revelation

a

4B

astronaut

astronauta

When I was young, I wanted to be an astronaut.

a

3C

athletic

atlético / a

She looks very athletic.

a

2A

atlas

atlas

an atlas of the world

a

8A

atmospheric

atmosférico

Plants are the main source of atmospheric oxygen.

a

6C

attend

asistir

Over two hundred people attended the funeral.

a

2A

autistic

autista

One child in 5 000 is autistic.

a

4C

avert

evitar

to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine

a

4A

aviation

aviación

the British Civil Aviation Authority

b

2B

backwater

remanso de agua

We tied the boat up in a quiet backwater overnight.

b

8B

bang

ruido fuerte

The window slammed shut with a loud bang.

b

9A

bank account

cuenta bancaria

How much money do you have in your bank account?

b

9B

banker

banquero / a

She was a successful banker by the time she was forty.

b

9B

banking

banca

international banking

b

10B

Barbie doll

muñeca Barbie

I often played with Barbie dolls when I was young.

b

1B

barely

apenas

After paying for our travel costs, we barely broke even.

b

4B

base on

basado / a en

The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.

b

1B

basis

régimen

b

6A

basket

cesto

Most of our staff work for us on a voluntary basis (= They work without being paid). a shopping/picnic basket

b

10A

BC

A.C. ( antes de Cristo)

The Battle of Actium took place in 31 BC.

b

2B

beard

barba

a flowing white beard

b

6C

beckon

llamar haciendo señas para que alguien se acerque

The customs official beckoned the woman to his counter.

b

2A

belief

confianza

b

2A

bellow

grito agudo/bramido

Recent revelations about corruption have shaken many people's belief in (= caused people to have doubts about) the police. He gave a bellow of rage.

b

4C

belly

parte de abajo (fuselaje de un avión )

The belly of the aircraft was painted red.

b

9C

benefit

beneficiarse de

I feel that I have benefited greatly from her wisdom.

b

10C

benefit

beneficio

The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town.

b

1C

besides

además

She won't mind your being late besides, it's hardly your fault.

b

2A

bespectacled

con gafas

a small, bespectacled man in a drab suit

b

6C

better-

más

She is better-looking (= more attractive) than her brother.

b

3A

beyond

más alla

She is, beyond question, the best actress of her generation.

b

1A

bicker

discutir

Will you two stop bickering!

b

6B

billboard

valla publicitaria

an advertising billboard

b

7B

biometric

biométrico / a

biometric data

b

3A

bitterly

con resentimiento

He was bitterly disappointed not to get the job.

b

9C

bleak

pesimista

The economic outlook is bleak.

b

6C

blissful

feliz

a blissful childhood/holiday

b

1A

blissfully

dichosamente

They seemed blissfully happy.

b

3B

blocked (up)

tapado / a

I've got a blocked (up) nose.

b

3A

bluff

farolear

Is he going to jump or is he only bluffing?

b

6C

board room

junta directiva

Let's meet in the board room.

b

5C

bonus

bono

a productivity bonus

b

10C

booklet

folleto

I always write my shopping lists in a booklet.

b

1C

boot

maletero

My suitcase is in the boot of my car.

b

1C

bore

aburrir

"Am I boring you?" she asked anxiously.

b

6A

boundary

frontera/límites

b

9A

brake

freno

Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias. She had no brakes on her bicycle.

b

9B

branding

marca

The successful branding and marketing of the new beer has already boosted sales and increased profits.

b

4C

brash

presuntuoso/vulgar/ chillona

Don't you think that suit's a bit brash for a funeral?

b

7B

break-up

ruptura

Long separations had contributed to their marriage break-up.

b

2B

breath-taking

impresionante

a breath-taking view

b

7A

bright-coloured

color vivo

We've just bought a new bright-coloured rug for the living room.

b

2A

brilliance

brillantez

Her first novel showed signs of brilliance.

b

1B

broadly

en términos generales

Broadly speaking, don't you think women make better drivers than men?

b

4C

broadsheet

diario serio / respetable

b

2A

bubble

burbuja

In Britain, the broadsheets are generally believed to be more serious than the tabloids. As water begins to boil, bubbles rise ever faster to the surface.

b

4A

bug

pinchado / a

b

5A

bulk

grueso

b

6C

burly

robusto / a

b

4B

bustle

bullicio

b

2C

bustling

b

1A

butt in

b

10B

buyer

comprador

He's still looking for a buyer for his house.

b

6B

buzz

expectación

His new album is creating a real buzz in the music world.

c

2B

cabin

cabaña

a log cabin

c

6C

cajole

convencer con artimañas

He really knows how to cajole people into doing what he wants.

c

2B

canal

canal

c

4B

cancerous

canceroso / a

The Panama Canal provides a crucial shipping link between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. a cancerous growth/tumour

c

8A

candidate

candidato

There are three candidates standing in the election.

c

5A

'can-do' attitude

actitud positiva

Her 'can-do' attitude is what made her our choice for the job.

She suspected that her phone had been bugged (= that a listening device had been hidden inside it). In fact, the bulk of the book is taken up with criticizing other works. a burly policeman

I sat in a café watching the (hustle and) bustle (= busy activity) of the street outside. animado / a This used to be a bustling town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years. interrumpir alguien que habla Norma always butts in when we're talking.

c

2B

canoe

canoa

We travelled in a canoe.

c

6B

capsule

cápsula

The liquid is contained within a small capsule.

c

4C

Capt

capitán

Capt Walter Raleigh

c

10B

captain

capitán

It's unusual to have a goalkeeper as (the) captain of a football team.

c

5A

captivate

cautivar

With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

c

9C

career path

camino profesional

How can I find a new career path?

c

9B

cash-free

sin billetes ni monedas

a cash-free society

c

1A

cashier

cajero

I smiled at the cashier and gave her my credit card.

c

9A

cast-offs

segunda mano/ ropa vieja/deshechada

I always had to wear my sister's castoffs as a child.

c

4C

catastrophe

catástrofe

They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.

c

6B

catchphrase

eslogan

Advertising campaigns often use catchphrases.

c

2B

cathedral

catedral

Salisbury Cathedral

c

7A

cattle

ganado

beef/dairy cattle

c

3A

cautious

prudente

He's a cautious driver.

c

7B

CCTV

de seguridad (circuito cerrado)

CCTV cameras

c

6C

celebration

celebración

There were lively New Year celebrations all over town.

c

4B

cell

célula

DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.

c

7B

centralise

centralizar

c

5B

cerebral palsy

parálisis cerebral

Payment of bills is now centralized (= organized at one place instead of several). He suffers from cerebral palsy.

c

5B

champion

campeón

an Olympic champion

c

2B

channel

canal

a cable/terrestrial channel

c

2B

chaotic

caótico / a

c

5C

chap

tipo

The house is a bit chaotic at the moment - we've got all these extra people staying and we're still decorating. He's a friendly sort of a chap.

c

6B

charitable

benéfico / a

a charitable foundation/organization/trust

c

6A

charming

encantador / a

We had dinner with our director and his charming wife.

c

6B

chart

gráfica

We need some sort of graph on which we can chart our progress.

c

1A

chatty

hablador / a

My manager said I am too chatty at work.

c

5C

checkout

caja

Your fruit and vegetables will be weighed at the checkout.

c

9B

checkup

revisión

She goes to her doctor for regular checkups.

c

3B

cheer up

animarse

She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.

c

1A

cheerful

alegre

He's usually fairly cheerful.

c

9B

chip

chip

a silicon chip

c

8B

chisel

esculpir

She chiselled a figure out of the marble.

c

4B

cholera

cólera

Hundreds died of cholera.

c

2B

chuck

tirar

Chuck it over there/into the corner.

c

10B

circuit

circuito

They first met each other on the tennis circuit.

c

4C

circulation

circulación

The paper has a circulation of 150 000.

c

4B

circumstance

circunstancia

c

7A

citizen

ciudadano

c

10A

civilisation

civilización

Obviously we can't deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances. The interests of British citizens living abroad are protected by the British Embassy. Cuzco was the centre of one of the world's most famous civilizations, that of the Incas.

c

4A

civilised

civilizado / a

A fair justice system is a fundamental part of a civilised society.

c

8A

clearing up

orden y limpieza

Could you help me with the clearing up?

c

10A

clearly

claramente

The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault.

c

2A

cleverest

la más inteligente

She is the cleverest student in the class.

c

9C

climbing

montañismo

Chris has just taken up climbing.

c

7B

closely

de cerca

Please examine this information closely.

c

9B

closure

cierre

factory/branch closures

c

2B

clumsy

patoso / a

That's the third glass you've smashed this week, - you're so clumsy!

c

2B

cluster

grupo

Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph.

c

2C

coastal

costera

a coastal town

c

2B

coconut milk

leche de coco

This curry contains coconut milk.

c

4B

coin

moneda

a 10p/ten pence coin

c

7C

coincidence

coincidencia

You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us - what a coincidence!

c

3B

colourful

de colores vivos

a colourful painting

c

4B

commerce

comercio

the world of commerce and industry

c

6B

commercial

anuncio publicitario

a commercial break

c

1B

commitment

compromiso

her commitment to left-wing politics/the cause of feminism/the company

c

10C

communicator

comunicador

Obviously teachers have to be good communicators.

c

9B

community-led

conducido por la comunidad

a community-led approach

c

9B

companion

compañero

The dog has been her constant companion these past ten years.

c

9C

computerised

informatizado

The whole system is computerised.

c

5C

concede

admitir

The Government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster.

c

5A

concentrate

concentrar

Come on, concentrate! We haven't got all day to do this.

c

3A

conclude

finalizar

She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility.

c

6C

confession

confesión

I've got a bit of a confession to make I've lost that book you lent me.

c

1B

confidant

confidente

a close confidant

c

1B

confide

confiar

She's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in her.

c

8B

confidently

seguro / a

Try to act confidently, even if you feel nervous.

c

10A

conflict

conflicto

We wish to avoid conflict between our countries if at all possible.

c

7A

confront

afrontar

c

2A

confusing

confuso / a

It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is. The transition from boyhood to manhood can be a confusing period.

c

7B

congestion

congestión

The (traffic) congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.

c

8A

conscience

conciencia

a guilty conscience

c

3A

consciously

conscientemente

I don't think she's consciously rude to people - it's just her manner.

c

9C

consequently

como consecuencia

c

9B

considerable

considerable

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday. The fire caused considerable damage to the church.

c

1A

constantly

constantemente

He's constantly changing his mind.

c

1A

consumer

consumidor

The new telephone rates will affect all consumers including businesses.

c

8A

consumption

consumo

As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying.

c

8C

contact lens

lentillas

I usually wear contact lenses, but I sometimes wear glasses when my eyes are tired.

c

9B

contactless-payment pago sin necesidad de contacto

contactless-payment systems

c

2B

contemporary

comtemporáneo / a

contemporary music/literature/art/fashion

c

2C

contribute

contribuir

Smoking contributed to his early death.

c

7B

contribution

aportación

c

10C

conversational

oratoria

She didn't make much of a contribution (= She did not say much) at today's meeting, did she? He seems to lack basic conversational skills.

c

7A

convict

convicto

an escaped convict

c

1C

convinced

convencido / a

My boyfriend says I'd enjoy a walking holiday, but I'm not convinced.

c

10C

convincing

convincente

a convincing argument/explanation

c

7B

cookie

cookie

I deleted all the cookies from my computer.

c

7B

co-operation

cooperación

This documentary was made with the cooperation of British Rail.

c

5B

coordinate

coordinar

Cerebral palsy affects the sufferer's ability to coordinate body movements.

c

6B

copywriter

redactor de material publicitario

We are advertising for a new copywriter.

c

6C

copywriting

derechos de autor

a copywriting course

c

6A

corridor

pasillo

Her office is at the end of the corridor.

c

9A

cost of living

coste de vida

The increase in interest rates will raise the cost of living.

c

1C

costs

gastos

We need to cut our advertising costs.

c

4A

costume drama

novela de época

I love watching costume dramas on TV.

c

3A

couch

sofá

She sat down on the couch.

c

5C

counter-argument

contraargumento

He came up with an excellent counterargument.

c

5A

counter-attack

contraataque

The rebels have launched a strong counter-attack against the government forces.

c

5A

counterbalance

contrapeso

Her calm nature served as a natural counterbalance to his excitable personality. They showed great courage when they found out about their baby's disability.

c

9A

courage

valentía

c

8B

courageous

valiente

c

8B

courageously

valientemente

c

7A

coursework

trabajo realizado durante el curso

Have you finished your coursework yet?

c

5A

courtier

cortesano

Many of the courtiers were upset by the princess's resistance to tradition.

c

4A

coverage

cobertura

What did you think of the BBC's election coverage?

c

6A

cow

vaca

a dairy cow

c

9A

coward

cobarde

c

8B

cowardly

cobarde

They branded her a coward for informing on her colleagues during the interrogation. This was a particularly brutal and cowardly attack.

c

4C

crash-land

aterrizaje forzoso

The jet crash-landed and burst into flames.

c

8B

crave

deseo (de ser el centro de atención)

Many young children crave attention.

c

4B

creature

animal/criatura

Rain forests are filled with amazing creatures.

c

5C

crèche

guardería

Does your employer provide a crèche?

c

4C

crisp

incisivo / a

a crisp reply

c

7A

crop

cosecha

The main crops grown for export are coffee and rice.

c

7A

cross-country

campo a través

cross-country skiing/running

c

1C

crow

cuervo

My girlfriend is scared of birds, especially crows.

c

1C

crowd

grupo

She goes about with a friendly crowd.

c

8B

crunch

crujir

The gravel crunched underfoot as we walked up to the house.

It was a courageous decision to resign in protest at the company's pollution record. She behaved very courageously during the incident.

c

6A

cunningly

astutamente

He behaved very cunningly.

c

8C

curious

curioso / a

I was curious to know what would happen next.

c

9A

current

actual

Have you seen the current issue of Vogue magazine?

c

5B

curriculum

curriculum

the school curriculum

c

2B

curry

curry

a hot curry

c

10A

cyclone

ciclón

We were caught in a cyclone.

c

6B

cynical

cínico / a

I've always been deeply cynical about politicians.

d

10B

(be) down to

reducirse a

It's all down to money.

d

10C

daddy

papá

Mummy and Daddy are taking me to the circus on Saturday.

d

6C

dance-floor

pista de baile

Have you seen him on the dance-floor (= dancing)?

d

1C

data

datos

The data was/were collected by various researchers.

d

5C

dead-end job

sin futuro

I am planning to escape from my deadend job.

d

9B

debit card

tarjeta de débito

I paid with my debit card.

d

5B

debut album

primer album

His debut album was released in January 2008.

d

10A

decade

década

The country has experienced two decades of growth.

d

6C

deceive

engañar

The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.

d

6A

decidedly

sin duda

An agreement is looking decidedly difficult according to the newspapers.

d

9C

decline

declive

industrial decline

d

6B

deed

acciones

It seems to me that a lot of evil deeds are done in the name of religion.

d

9C

deeply

profundamente

I'm deeply grateful to you.

d

4A

defendant

acusado

The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent.

d

7C

defensive

defensivo / a

The merest hint of criticism makes him defensive.

d

2A

deficiency

deficiencia

Pregnant women often suffer from iron deficiency.

d

2A

deficient

carente

A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.

d

7B

delay

retraso

There has been a delay in the book's publication.

d

2B

delightful

encantador / a

His sister is a delightful girl.

d

1A

demand

demanda

There was little demand for tickets.

d

8C

demonstrate

demostrar

d

9A

dental

dental

These figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country. dental decay/treatment

d

10A

dependent

depender de

It's very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills.

d

3A

depressing

deprimente

I find this weather so depressing.

d

3B

depression

depresión

I was overwhelmed by feelings of depression.

d

1B

depth

profundidad

the depth of a lake/pond

d

6B

despise

odiar

The two groups despise each other.

d

8B

despondent

desanimado / a

d

4C

detach

desprender/separar

He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls. You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it.

d

10B

determination

determinación

a man of fierce/ruthless determination

d

5A

detract from

restar importancia

All that make-up she wears actually detracts from her beauty, I think.

d

8A

devastating

devastador / a

d

4B

development

desarrollo

If the bomb had exploded in the main shopping area, it would have been devastating. Technological developments have changed the shape of industry.

d

2A

developmentally

trastornos en el desarrollo

developmentally disabled

d

4A

device

aparato

d

10B

devote

dedicar

Rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.

d

4B

diagnostic

diagnóstico

diagnostic techniques/tests

d

8A

direct-debit

domiciliación del pago

I pay my electricity bill by direct debit.

d

8A

directly

directamente

I'm not directly involved in the project.

d

2A

directory

directorio

Look up their number in the telephone directory.

d

2A

disabled

minusválido

The accident left him severely disabled.

d

1A

disabled space

aparcamiento para minusválidos

If you have a disabled badge in your car, you can park in a disabled space.

d

6A

disaffected

insatisfecho / a

The party needs to take steps to attract disaffected voters.

d

8B

disapprove

no estar de acuerdo

d

6C

disastrous

desastroso /a

The survey showed that 32% of respondents approve, 54% disapprove and the rest are undecided. Such a war would be disastrous for the country.

d

3C

discount

descuento

They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.

d

9C

discrimination

discriminación

racial/sex discrimination

d

8B

disgust

indignación

She walked out in disgust.

d

8B

disgusted

indignada / o

She was disgusted at the way they treated their children.

d

6B

dislike

no gustar

I dislike walking and I hate the countryside.

d

9A

disposable

disponible

disposable income

d

9B

dispute

negar

Few would dispute his status as the finest artist of the period.

d

9B

disruptive

negativo / a

His teacher described him as a noisy, disruptive influence in class.

d

4C

distinction

distinción

There's a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two regions.

d

6A

distinctly

claramente

She looks distinctly fitter these days.

d

7A

distinguishing

distintivo / a

The main distinguishing feature of the new car is its fast acceleration.

d

10B

distraction

distracción

I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction.

d

3A

distress

ansiedad

She claimed that the way she had been treated at work had caused her extreme emotional and psychological distress.

d

2A

distribute

distribuir

Their teacher distributed a review for the exam.

d

4A

district

distrito

South Cambridgeshire District Council

d

8B

disturbance

molestias

Residents are fed up with the disturbance caused by the nightclub.

d

2C

diverse

diverso / a

d

2C

diversity

diversidad

d

7A

DNA

ADN

Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country? DNA research

d

7B

documentation

documentación

d

3A

dominate

dominar

d

8A

doorstep

umbral de la puerta

There's a lovely park right on our doorstep.

d

4C

downmarket

barato y de baja calidad

a downmarket tabloid newspaper

d

7B

downpour

aguacero

a torrential downpour

d

8B

downstairs

abajo

I went downstairs to answer the phone.

d

10B

down-to-earth

realista

She's a down-to-earth sort of woman with no pretensions.

d

6C

drag

arrastrar

Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you!

d

5B

dressage

adiestramiento de caballos

a dressage competition

Passengers without proper documentation will not be allowed to travel. He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting.

d

10B

driving range

recinto para practicar golf

I often practise my golf swing at the driving range.

d

5A

drudgery

trabajo pesado y monótono

the drudgery of housework

d

2A

dub

apodar

She was dubbed by the newspapers 'The Angel of Death'.

d

5C

dubious

sospechoso / a

I'm dubious about his promises to change his ways.

d

6A

duck

pato

Let's go and feed the ducks.

e

9A

e.g.

ejemplo

e

4B

earthling

terrícola

e

7B

earthquake

terremoto

You should eat more food that contains a lot of fibre, e.g. fruit, vegetables and bread. The film tells the story of a group of aliens who come to Earth to study earthlings. In 1906 an earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco.

e

8A

ease

tranquilizar

If it will ease your mind, I'll have a word with Charlotte for you.

e

8A

east

este

Cambridge is in East Anglia.

e

10A

ebb away

disminuir

He could feel his strength ebbing away.

e

9B

e-cash

dinero electrónico

I paid with e-cash.

e

8A

eco-audit

auditoria ambiental

Our company is carrying out an ecoaudit.

e

7A

ecology

ecología

The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast.

e

3C

economical

no decir toda ( la verdad)

I was being economical with the truth.

e

10A

economics

económicas

She's in her third year of economics at York university.

e

9A

economy

economía

the global economy

e

6B

effectiveness

eficacia

e

8A

election

elecciones

There are doubts about the effectiveness of the new drug in treating the disease. The Government is expected to call an election very soon.

e

10A

element

indicio

There was certainly an element of truth in what she said.

e

10C

elementary

elemental

I have an elementary knowledge of physics.

e

9B

eliminate

eliminar

A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.

e

9B

embedded

clavado / a

The thorn was embedded in her thumb.

e

8A

emission

emisión

The increased use of natural gas will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

e

8B

emotion

sentimientos

Like a lot of men, he finds it hard to express his emotions.

e

2A

emotional

emocional

a child's emotional development

e

2B

enchanting

mágico / a

It's described in the guide book as 'an enchanting medieval city'.

e

10B

encouragement

ánimo

Children need lots of encouragement from their parents.

e

7B

enforce

imponer

It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.

e

4B

engine

motor

a jet engine

e

5B

enrol

matricularse en

I enrolled for/in/on the modern art course.

e

1C

ensure

asegurar

The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.

e

3C

enthuse

entusiasmado / a

He was enthusing over a wonderful restaurant he'd been to.

e

1C

entirely

completamente

I admit it was entirely my fault.

e

8A

environmentalist

ecologista

The expansion plans will face fierce resistance from environmentalists.

e

8A

environmentally

ecológico

environmentally-friendly washing powder

e

10A

epitomise

personificar

e

10A

equine

equina

With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomises the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker. equine flu

e

9B

error

error

The letter contains a number of typing errors.

e

8A

eruption

erupción

a volcanic eruption

e

10A

escalator

escaleras automáticas

I'll meet you by the up/down escalator on the second floor.

e

6B

essay

disertación

For homework I want you to write an essay on endangered species.

e

4C

evacuate

evacuar

A thousand people were evacuated from their homes following the floods.

e

8A

ever(-)

constante

e

1B

everyday

cotidiana

The ever-increasing demand for private cars could be halted by more investment in public transport. the everyday lives of ordinary Russian citizens

e

7A

ex-

ex

ex-prisoner

e

4B

exasperating

exasperante

It's so exasperating when he won't listen to a word that I say.

e

5B

exceptional

excepcional

exceptional powers of concentration

e

10B

exceptionally

excepcional

an exceptionally fine portrait

e

7B

exemption

exención

e

3A

exhilaration

alegría

Candidates with a qualification in Chemistry have exemption from this course. I had a fantastic feeling of exhilaration when I won the race.

e

6A

exit

salida

a fire exit

e

2B

exotic

exótico / a

exotic flowers/food/designs

e

1A

expect

esperar

He didn't expect to see me.

e

8C

expectation

expectativa

She could never measure up to her mother's expectations.

e

6C

expensive-looking

aspecto caro / a

an expensive-looking ring

e

3A

experiment

experimento

Some people believe that experiments on animals should be banned.

e

6B

experimentation

experimento

Extensive experimentation (= testing) is needed before new drugs can be sold.

e

10C

expertise

habilidad

We admired the expertise with which he prepared the meal.

e

9C

explanation

explicación

Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works?

e

4B

exploration

exploración

Livingstone was the first European to make an exploration of the Zambezi river. to explore space

e

2C

explore

explorar

e

6B

expose

estar expuesto / a

About 800,000 children are exposed to poisons each year.

e

6A

extensive

extenso / a

extensive repairs to the motorway

e

4A

extraordinary

increíble

He told the extraordinary story of his escape.

e

9A

extravagance

extravagancia

I think she was shocked by my extravagance.

e

3A

extravagant

extravagante

the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star

e

9C

eye test

revisión de la vista

Could I book an eye test please?

e

2B

eye-mask

antifaz

I always wear an eye-mask in bed.

f

6A

facial

facial

facial hair

f

4A

fact-based

basado / a en hechos reales

a fact-based novel

f

10A

failure

fracaso

The meeting was a complete/total failure.

f

2C

fairytale

cuento de hadas

They had a fairytale wedding.

f

9C

faithfully

atentamente

Yours faithfully

f

7C

falling

caida

falling birth/interest rates

f

10B

fame

fama

She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16.

f

3C

fanatic

fanático / a

a fitness/film fanatic

f

8B

fantastic

estupendo / a

You look fantastic in that dress.

f

8B

fantasy

fantasía

Steve's favourite fantasy was to own a big house and a flashy car.

f

10A

far-flung

extenso

The news spread to all corners of our far-flung empire.

f

8A

far-reaching

gran alcance

These new laws will have far-reaching benefits for all working mothers.

f

10A

fascinate

fascinar

Science has always fascinated me.

f

9B

fashion-conscious

seguidor de la moda

your average fashion-conscious teenager

f

10C

fast track

camino rápido

A degree in computer science offers a fast track to the top.

f

8B

fear-avoider

persona que evita situaciones de miedo

He never takes risks because he is a fear-avoider.

f

8A

federal law

ley federal

They were charged with violating federal law.

f

6A

feedback

comentario/reacción

Have you had any feedback from customers about the new soap?

f

9A

feel good factor

sensación de bienestar

The feel good factor persists despite the current economic problems.

f

7A

ferry

transbordador/ferry

a car ferry

f

5A

fetch

alcanzar

f

7A

fibre

fibra

Could you fetch me my glasses/fetch my glasses for me from the other room, please? The fibres are woven into fabric.

f

8A

fight

luchar

We need the public's help in fighting crime.

f

9B

finance

finanzas

corporate/personal/public finance

f

7C

financially

económicamente

The project is not financially viable.

f

7B

fingerprint

huella digital

His fingerprints were all over the gun.

f

3A

finicky

minucioso / a

Repairing watches must be a very finicky job.

f

3A

finishing line

meta

f

2A

firmly

firmemente

The winner crossed the finishing line 9 seconds before the second-placed runner. We are firmly committed to reducing unemployment.

f

1A

fishcake

pescado rebozado

Fishcakes are on the menu today.

f

10B

fitness

buen estado físico

I'm trying to improve my fitness by cycling to work.

f

7A

fjord

fiordo

the Norwegian fjords

f

5A

flash

brillar

The lightning flashed and distant thunder rolled.

f

9A

flat screen

pantalla plana

a flat screen television

f

8B

flattering

favorecedor / a

a flattering photograph

f

2A

flit

saltar (de una cosa a otra)

Sara finds it very difficult to settle - she's always flitting from one thing to another.

f

10A

flock

rebaño

a flock of sheep/goats/geese

f

2B

flooding

inundaciones

Some roads have been closed because of flooding.

f

7A

flour

harina

Thicken the sauce with a little flour.

f

6C

flow

corriente

the flow of ideas/information

f

9A

flying

volar

Annette's scared of flying.

f

5B

focus

foco

f

8A

focus

concentrarse

f

2B

footstep

paso

The main focus of interest at the fashion show was Christian Lacroix's outrageous evening wear. Tonight's programme focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young. Walking along the darkened street, he heard footsteps close behind him.

f

4A

forbid

prohibir

The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.

f

8C

forcefully

enérgicamente

f

2B

forehead

frente

He argued forcefully that stricter laws were necessary to deal with the problem. She wiped the beads of sweat from her forehead.

f

7A

forensic

forense

forensic evidence/medicine/science

f

4B

forerunner

precursor

f

7A

forest

bosque

Germany's Green party was said to be the forerunner of environmental parties throughout Europe. the Black Forest

f

6B

forgivable

perdonable

a forgivable mistake

f

5C

forgive

perdonar

I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time. The format of the magazine has changed.

f

4C

format

formato

f

4A

formula

fórmula

There's no magic formula for success.

f

9A

foundation

fundación

the British Heart Foundation

f

10A

four-month

cuatro meses

a four-month course

f

7A

fragment

fragmento

The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered window.

f

8C

frankly

francamente

Frankly, I think this whole situation is ridiculous.

f

7A

fraudster

estafador

f

10C

free-flowing

fluir libremente

New measures are needed to prevent fraudsters opening bank accounts with stolen cheques. a free-flowing river

f

7C

freeze

congelar

Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C.

f

1A

friendliness

simpatía

Serena is very popular because of her friendliness.

f

1B

friendship

amistad

Their friendship goes back to when they were at school together.

f

1C

frighten

espantar/asustar

He frightens me when he drives so fast.

f

6C

frown

fruncir el ceño

She frowned at me, clearly annoyed.

f

6C

fry

freir

Fry the mushrooms in a little butter.

f

9A

fulfilment

sentirse realizado / a

She finally found fulfilment in motherhood.

f

6B

fundraising

recaudación de fondos

The summer fête will be the school's main fundraising event this year.

f

1B

funnily enough

curiosamente

I have met him, funnily enough.

f

10A

further

más lejos

It was much further to the town centre than I remembered.

f

6A

furthermore

además

I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers - they're good and furthermore they're cheap.

f

3C

fussy

recargado / a

They've got those curtains that tie up with big bows - they're a bit fussy for my taste. kitchen gadgets

g

4B

gadget

aparato

g

1C

gain

obtener

What do you hope to gain from the course?

g

2A

gait

paso/manera de caminar

He walked with a slow stiff gait.

g

9B

games console

consola de juegos

Do you have a games console?

g

5A

gatekeeper

portero

social gatekeepers

g

4B

gaze

comtemplar

Annette gazed admiringly at Warren as he spoke.

g

4B

geek

persona peculiar

He's such a geek.

g

9C

gender

sexo

I think both genders are capable of looking after children.

g

2A

generate

crear

The new development will generate 1500 new jobs.

g

2A

genius

genio

(an) artistic/creative/musical genius

g

10B

gentle

suave

a gentle wind

g

5A

genuine

auténtico / a

g

1A

genuinely

sinceramente

Machiko looked at me in genuine surprise - "Are you really going?" she said. I'm genuinely sorry for what I said, I really am.

g

7B

get-together

reunión

a family get-together

g

8B

ghost story

historia de fantasmas

Sarah doesn't like ghost stories.

g

10B

gift

don

He has a gift for languages.

g

10B

gifted

dotado / a

a gifted dancer/musician

g

10B

give up

dejar de

I've given up trying to help her.

g

5A

glamour

encanto

Who can resist the glamour of Hollywood?

g

2B

glide

deslizar

The boat glided silently across the lake.

g

2C

glimpse

ver fugazmente

I only caught a fleeting glimpse of the driver of the getaway car, but I doubt I would recognize her if I saw her again.

g

6C

gloat

deleitarse con algo

She's continually gloating over/about her new job.

g

9C

gloomy

pesimista

a gloomy economic forecast

g

4A

glossy

ilustrado

a glossy magazine

g

10B

God-given

dado por Dios

She has a God-given talent as a painter.

g

10A

gold rush

fiebre del oro

He became rich during the gold rush.

g

6B

golden

dorado / a

the golden days of our youth

g

10B

golfer

jugador de golf

He's one of the highest-earning professional golfers in the world.

g

2A

Google

Google

Google is a popular Internet search engine.

g

4B

govern

regir

Prices of goods are governed by the cost of the raw materials, as well as by the cost of production and distribution.

g

1A

grab

arrebatar/agarrar

A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park.

g

4B

grain

grano

grains of wheat/rice

g

8B

grandma

abuela

My grandma is in her eighties.

g

8B

grandpa

abuelo

My grandpa is getting old and can't hear very well.

g

4C

grassy

cubierto / a de césped

a grassy slope/hillside

g

9B

grave

fosa ( común )

a mass grave

g

10C

gregarious

alegre

Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person.

g

9B

grip

dominio

Rebels have tightened their grip on the city.

g

1A

gritted

apretar

gritted teeth

g

9B

groceries

comestibles

Could you buy some groceries for me?

g

8C

gross

grave

a gross violation of justice

g

7B

grounds

alegando que

He refused to answer on the grounds that she was unfairly dismissed.

g

9A

growing

creciente

There is a growing awareness of the seriousness of this disease.

g

9C

growth

crecimiento

economic growth

g

1A

grumble

quejarse

She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job.

g

3A

gullible

crédulo / a

g

10C

guru

gurú

There are any number of miracle cures on the market for people gullible enough to buy them. For the last decade she has acted as the president's economics guru.

g

6B

gush

emanar

Her arm gushed blood where the knife had gone in.

h

4B

habitat

habitat

h

3C

hairstyle

peinado

With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat. Do you like my new hairstyle?

h

6A

hallway

vestíbulo

I walked through the door and into the hallway.

h

2B

hammock

hamaca

He loved sleeping in his hammock.

h

7C

handbag

bolso

She took her hairbrush from her handbag and began to brush her hair.

h

10B

handicap

handicap

My current golf handicap is nine.

h

3C

handmade

hecho a mano

handmade chocolates/paper/shoes

h

9B

handset

auricular (teléfono)

The shop sells all the latest handsets.

h

2B

hang

colgarse

I hung from the window with my fingertips.

h

6A

hardly

apenas

I could hardly hear her at the back.

h

2B

healthcare

sanidad

Healthcare workers are some of the lowest paid people in the country.

h

9B

health-conscious

consciente de la salud

My wife is very health-conscious.

h

3C

hearing

oído

My father is quite old now and he's increasingly hard of hearing.

h

3C

heating

calefacción

Is the heating on?

h

6A

heel

tacón

high-heeled shoes

h

4A

height

pico (temporada alta)

August is the height of the tourist season.

h

6A

held

sustentado / a

firmly held beliefs

h

2A

hemisphere

hemisferio

The brain is divided into two hemispheres.

h

4B

herd

rebaño

a herd of cattle/elephants/goats

h

4C

heroic

heroico

My great grandfather was a heroic soldier.

h

1A

high street

calle principal

There's a new Italian restaurant opening on the high street.

h

8B

higher

superior

a higher calling

h

1A

highly

sumamente

a highly profitable line of products

h

9B

high-street

calle principal

There are signs of economic recovery in the high street.

h

10B

himself

él mismo

Any fool can teach himself to type.

h

6C

hiss

silbar

People in the audience were hissing their disapproval.

h

4B

historian

historiador

Her father was an eminent historian.

h

10A

historic

histórico / a

historic buildings

h

1B

hobby

pasatiempo

Ben's hobby is restoring vintage motorcycles.

h

10A

homing

instinto de volver a casa

Migrating birds and fish have a strong homing instinct.

h

4B

homo urbanus

hombre civilizado

Homo sapiens have become homo urbanus.

h

8C

honestly

honestamente

They have always dealt honestly and fairly with their customers.

h

6A

hooligan

gamberro

Hooligans had sprayed paint all over the car.

h

6A

hop

saltar

The rabbit/bird hopped across the grass.

h

10A

horseback

a caballo

police on horseback

h

5B

horse-riding

montar a caballo

I enjoyed horse-riding when I was young.

h

9A

hot-air balloon

globo aerostático

hot-air balloon flights

h

9C

housing

vivienda

There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region.

h

4B

hub

centro

The City of London is the hub of Britain's financial world.

h

2A

hug

abrazo

Come here and give me a big hug.

h

5A

humble

humilde

He's very humble about his success.

h

3C

hundred-year-old

centenario

There's a hundred-year-old tree in the garden.

h

8C

hunter

cazador

Animals in the cat family are hunters.

h

10A

husky

husky (perro)

The huskies pulled our sledge.

h

3B

hygiene

higiene

Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast.

h

6B

hype

despliegue/bombo publicitario

media hype

h

2B

hypnotic

hipnotizante/hipnótico / a

The beauty of the place was hypnotic.

i

7A

icicle

estalagtita

Icicles hung from the roof.

i

10A

iconic

icono

John Lennon gained iconic status following his death.

i

1C

icy

congelado / a

icy roads

i

3C

ideal

ideal

the ideal employer

i

9B

idealistic

idealista

i

7B

identification

identificación

When I was young and idealistic I believed it was possible to change the world. personal identification number

i

8C

identity

identidad

i

9B

idiot-proof

a prueba de idiotas

The man's identity was being kept secret while he was helping police with enquiries. an idiot-proof guide

i

7A

idyllic

idílico / a

an idyllic childhood/summer

i

9C

illegal

ilegal

a campaign to stop the illegal sale of cigarettes to children under 16

i

6A

illustrate

ilustrar

The lecturer illustrated his point with a diagram on the blackboard.

i

10C

image

imagen

television images of starving children

i

6B

image-conscious

consciente de la imagen

He's terribly image-conscious.

i

6B

imaginative

imaginativo / a

an imaginative new approach/policy

i

8B

imagine

imaginar

I've never heard her criticize you - I think you imagine it.

i

2A

immeasurable

inmenso / a

Her films had an immeasurable effect on a generation of Americans.

i

4A

immigrant

inmigrante

a large immigrant population

i

7A

impact

impacto

i

3A

impetuous

impetuoso / a

The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people. He's so impetuous - why can't he think things over before he rushes into them?

i

7B

implant

implante

breast/heart valve implants

i

7B

implant

implantar

i

6C

imply

insinuar

The owner's name and address is stored on a microchip and implanted in the dog's body. Are you implying (that) I'm fat?

i

3A

impostor

impostor

He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, as if he had no right to be there.

i

2A

impractical

poco práctico / a

I love high heels but they're rather impractical.

i

1A

impressed

impresionado / a

I wasn't very impressed with the performance.

i

1A

impression

impresión

It makes/gives/creates a very bad impression if you're late for an interview.

i

4B

improvement

mejora

a slight improvement in the economy

i

4C

in tune

en sintonia

Much of his success comes from being in tune with what his customers want.

i

6A

inability

incapacidad

i

1C

inaccessible

inaccesible

Inability to use a computer is a serious disadvantage when you are applying for jobs. one of the most inaccessible places in the world

i

4B

Inc.

Sociedad Anónima

Bishop Computer Services Inc.

i

8A

incinerator

incineradora

a garbage/hazardous-waste incinerator

i

1B

include

incluir

The bill includes tax and service.

i

1B

increasingly

cada vez más

to be increasingly important/common

i

8C

indecision

indecisión

A moment's indecision when you've got the ball and you could lose the game.

i

1A

indication

indicio

Helen's face gave no indication of what she was thinking.

i

2B

inexpensive

barato / a

It's an inexpensive perfume.

i

10A

information superhighway

autopista de la información

The information superhighway extends throughout most of the world.

i

6B

informative

informativo / a

This is an interesting and highly informative book.

i

7A

informer

delator

Most police informers receive a reward for their information.

i

4B

infuriating

irritante

It's infuriating when people keep spelling your name wrong, isn't it?

i

7A

inhabitant

habitante

a city of 5 million inhabitants

i

5C

inheritance

herencia

The large inheritance from his aunt meant that he could buy his own boat.

i

1A

initially

al principio

Initially, most people approved of the new scheme.

i

4C

injury

lesión

a head/back/knee injury

i

1C

in-laws

suegros

My in-laws are coming for Christmas.

i

7A

inmate

residente

Women make up about 6 per cent of all inmates in the U.S.

i

4B

innovation

novedad

the latest innovations in computer technology

i

7A

innovative

innovador / a

innovative ideas/methods

i

7B

input

aportación

I didn't have much input into the project.

i

9B

input

introducir

I've spent the morning inputting data into the computer.

i

5C

inseparable

inseparable

When we were kids Zoe and I were inseparable.

i

1A

insincere

poco sincero /a

an insincere apology

i

10B

inspire

inspirar

His confident leadership inspired his followers.

i

9B

insurance

seguro

life/health/car/travel insurance

i

7C

insure

asegurado / a

All our household goods are insured against accidental damage.

i

9B

insurer

asegurador

Please contact your insurer if you have any inquiries.

i

7B

intake

número de admitidos

i

9C

intellectual

intelectual

i

4A

intellectually

intelectualmente

The teacher-training college has increased its intake of students by 50% this year. Looking after a baby at home all day is nice but it doesn't provide much intellectual stimulation. She's hoping to find a job which is more demanding intellectually.

i

5B

intend

tener la intención

We intend to go to Australia next year.

i

1B

intentionally

intencionadamente

I didn't ignore her intentionally - I just didn't recognize her.

i

10C

interact

relacionarse con

Dominique's teacher says that she interacts well with the other children.

i

5A

interaction

interacción

There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.

i

9B

inter-city

interurbano

an inter-city train

i

1B

interest

interés

I've always had an interest in astronomy.

i

5A

interlocked

entrelazado / a

interlocked paving

i

8C

interpretation

interpretación

The dispute is based on two widely differing interpretations of the law.

i

1A

intervene

intervenir

i

2A

intimidating

intimidante

The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate. an intimidating array of weapons

i

2C

intriguing

intrigante

an intriguing possibility/question

i

7C

intruder

intruso

I feel like an intruder when I visit their home.

i

7B

intrusion

intromisión

i

6B

intrusive

indiscreto / a

They complained about excessive government intrusion into their legitimate activities. intrusive questioning

i

10C

intuitive

intuitivo / a

Men are often regarded as less intuitive than women.

i

10C

invariably

siempre

The train is invariably late.

i

8A

involved

implicado / a

emotionally/romantically involved

i

3A

inwardly

interiormente

He was inwardly relieved that the test was cancelled.

i

7B

iris

iris

iris recognition software

i

1B

irritate

irritar

After a while her behaviour really began to irritate me.

i

1A

-ish

casi (nuevo)

They have a four-bedroom house on a newish estate.

j

7C

(be) joined at the hip inseparable

j

7A

jail

They seem to be joined at the hip. prisión

the country's overcrowded jails

j

4C

jet

a reacción

a jet plane

j

8B

joy

alegría

They were filled with joy when their first child was born.

j

10B

judgment

criterio

to show good/sound/poor judgment

j

7A

justice

justicia

j

7B

justified

justificado / a

The justice system in this country consists of a series of law courts at different levels. I think you were quite justified in complaining.

j

5C

justify

justificar

I can't really justify taking another day off work.

k

1B

keep track

seguir los acontecimientos

k

1A

keep up

mantener el ritmo

My sister has had so many different jobs, I find it hard to keep track (of what she's doing). Supply of the goods is failing to keep up with demand.

k

3A

kicked-in-the-guts

patada en el estómago

I can clearly remember the kicked-in-theguts feeling I had when I lost my job.

k

7B

kick-off

inicio del partido

What time is the kick-off?

k

7A

kidnapper

secuestrador

The police have arrested the kidnapper.

k

7A

killer

asesino

Police are still hoping to find the dead woman's killer.

k

2A

kindly

amable

a kindly old lady

k

6A

kitten

gatito / a

I'm going to buy my daughter a kitten for her birthday.

k

7A

knives

cuchillos

In the car the police found guns, knives and other lethal weapons.

l

3A

lack

carecer

He just lacks a little confidence.

l

10C

lack

falta

Her only problem is lack of confidence.

l

6C

lad

chico

A group of young lads were standing outside the shop.

l

2B

lagoon

laguna

a tropical lagoon

l

7C

landlord

propietario

The landlord had promised to redecorate the bedrooms before we moved in.

l

7A

landscape

paisaje

a rural/barren landscape

l

5A

laundry

ropa sucia

I've got to do my laundry.

l

4A

lawsuit

litigio

Two of the directors have brought/filed a lawsuit against their former employer.

l

4C

layout

distribución

I like the layout of the house.

l

6B

leap

saltar

He leapt out of his car and ran towards the house.

l

6C

leap up

saltar

I leaped up to answer the phone.

l

10C

learner

aprendiz

He's a quick learner.

l

9C

leave aside

dejar a un lado

Leaving aside the question of cost, how many people do we need on the job?

l

4A

legally

legalmente

Children under sixteen are not legally allowed to buy cigarettes.

l

4A

legitimate

legítimo / a

He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense.

l

9A

leisure

ocio

leisure activities

l

4B

lengthen

alargar

There is a plan to lengthen the threeyear course to four years.

l

9C

less-developed

menos desarrollado

less-developed countries

l

4A

libel

difamación

She threatened to sue the magazine for libel.

l

2B

lick

lamer

He licked the chocolate off his fingers.

l

2A

lifespan

duración de una vida/ promedio de vida

l

2B

lifetime

transcurso de una vida

l

9A

likely

probablemente

The average human lifespan in the developed countries has increased over the last hundred years. We'll see a tremendous lot of technological changes during/in our lifetime. Do remind me because I'm likely to forget.

l

6B

likewise

igualmente

Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.

l

7B

limit

limitar

Having so little money to spend on an apartment does limit you in your choice.

l

5A

limo

limosina

I arrived at the party in a limo.

l

10C

linguistic

lingüístico

l

6C

literally

literalmente

I'm particularly interested in the linguistic development of young children. I was literally bowled over by the news.

l

10A

litre

litro

The tax increase will add 4p to a litre of petrol.

l

8A

litter

basura

About 2% of fast-food packaging ends up as litter.

l

6C

lively

vivo / a

The room was painted a lively electric blue.

l

9C

loan

préstamo

She's trying to get a $50 000 loan to start her own business.

l

6B

loathing

odio

The thought of him touching her filled her with deep loathing.

l

2A

lobby

recepción

Let's meet in the lobby of the hotel.

l

7B

locate

localizar

Police are still trying to locate the suspect.

l

7B

locker

consigna

l

2B

log

tronco

We had several hours to wait for our train, so we left our bags in a (luggage) locker, and went to look around the town. a log cabin

l

9C

logical

lógico / a

a logical choice/conclusion

l

8B

lovable

encantador / a

a lovable child

l

10A

loved one

ser querido

People, naturally enough, want to know that their loved ones are out of danger.

l

6C

love-struck

cegado de amor

Look at me, I'm behaving like a lovestruck teenager!

l

6C

luckless

sin suerte

The luckless defender, Mark Emery, sustained his third injury of the season.

l

7A

lush

exhuberante

lush green valleys

l

8C

luxurious

lujoso / a

They have a very luxurious house.

mad

loco / a

I think I must be going mad.

m 8A

m 7A

maggot

gusano

a maggot farm

m 10A

mail

correo

She spent the morning reading and answering her mail.

m 7A

maintain

mantener

m 4B

majority

mayoría

Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links. The majority of the employees have university degrees.

m 10A

making

producción

the art of film making

m 6B

manipulate

manipular

Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media.

m 1C

manual

manual

a DIY manual

m 2B

marble

mármol

a marble floor/statue

m 6A

marginally

ligeramente

marginally more expensive

m 7A

mark

marca

a distinguishing mark

m 2A

marked

acentuado / a

The president spoke with passion for an hour, in marked contrast to his subdued address to the parliament yesterday.

m 8B

marker

marcador

development markers

m 1A

marketing

márketing

a career in marketing

m 2B

massive

enorme

They've got a massive house.

m 9C

mass-produced

producción en serie

mass-produced souvenirs

m 6A

matching

que hace juego

a green dress with matching green handbag

m 9A

materialism

materialismo

So have we become a self-centred society, preoccupied with materialism?

m 8C

materialistic

materialista

I was a materialistic person, with a large ego.

m 2A

mathematical

matemática

a mathematical formula

m 2C

meandering

serpenteado

a meandering river

m 1B

meaningful

profundo / a

She seems to find it difficult to form meaningful relationships.

m 10A

means

medios

We need to find some other means of transportation.

m 4A

measure

medida

What further measures can we take to avoid terrorism?

m 6A

mechanism

mecanismo

She's actually rather insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism.

m 2B

medieval

medieval

a medieval building/painting/town

m 8B

mediocre

mediocre

The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.

m 2B

Mediterranean

Mediterránea

Mediterranean cuisine

m 2A

mega-

mega

megacomputer/mega-savant

m 9A

membership

afiliación

You have to apply for membership of the sports club.

m 2A

memorise

memorizar

When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week.

m 6A

mental

mental

His physical and mental health had got worse.

m 10B

mentor

mentor

I've learned a lot from my mentor.

m 10A

messenger

mensajero

The documents were delivered by special messenger.

m 2B

metallic

metálico

Our new car is metallic blue.

m 3A

meticulous

meticuloso / a

Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.

m 10A

mice

ratones

field mice

m 7B

microchip

microchip

m 4C

middle-of-the-road

moderado / a

The microchip compresses and decompresses a colour image in less than a second. middle-of-the-road pop music

m 4B

millennia

milenio

The book is a history of the last two millennia.

m 10C

mind map

técnica de aprendizaje

I'd like to learn how to draw mind maps.

m 6A

mindset

disposición

to have a different/the same mindset

m 5C

minimum wage

salario mínimo

It is very difficult to survive on the minimum wage.

m 4A

minister

ministro

the foreign/health minister

m 6C

minor

de poca importancia

a minor operation

m 4B

misgovernment

mal gobierno

A decade of misgovernment has bankrupted the country.

m 5C

misguided

desacertado / a

m 7A

model

modelo

He was shot as he made a misguided attempt to stop the robbers singlehanded. The educational system was a model for those of many other countries.

m 10B

modelling

carrera de modelo

Ashley's always wanted to go into modelling.

m 3B

moderate

mediana

The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family.

m 2C

modernity

modernidad

m 1C

molehill

m 9B

money-minded

m 7B

monitoring

There is a stark contrast between tradition and modernity on the streets of the city. topera You're making a mountain out of a molehill. You wrote one bad essay - it doesn't mean you're going to fail your exam. tener un interés en la gestión I've never been very money-minded - I del dinero leave all my business affairs to my financial adviser. control secret monitoring of phone calls

m 2B

monsoon

monzón

m 8B

monster

monstruo

The failure of the monsoon would destroy harvests on which 1000 million people rely. a sea monster

m 9B

monthly

mensual

monthly payments

m 6B

motivated

motivado / a

a racially-motivated murder

m 8B

motivation

motivación

He's a bright enough student - he just lacks motivation.

m 2A

motor

motriz

He has poor motor control/functions.

m 7B

motorist

automovilista

A passing motorist stopped and gave her a lift to the nearby town.

m 1C

motorway

autopista

m 7B

movement

movimiento

Because of the bad weather, motorway (driving) conditions are expected to be hazardous tonight. He made a sudden movement and frightened the bird away.

m 6B

much

muy

This is a much discussed issue.

m 4B

multitude

multitud

m 8B

mundane

trivial

m 1C

must

deber

The city has a multitude of problems, from homelessness to drugs and murder. Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. We must get someone to fix that wheel.

m 2B

must-

debe ( verse)

It's moderately entertaining but it's certainly not a must-see film.

m 2A

mutter

murmurar

Stop muttering and speak up!

m 1A

myself

yo mismo / a

I've bought myself a new coat.

n

3A

nagging

persistente

a nagging feeling

n

2C

nail scissors

tijeras de uñas

silver nail scissors

n

7A

narrow

estrecho / a

a narrow bridge/passage/gap

n

5B

necessitate

requerir

n

1B

necessity

necesidad

Reduction in government spending will necessitate further cuts in public services. With a personal fortune of six million pounds, she certainly doesn't work out of necessity (= because she needs to).

n

2A

neck

cuello

He had the thickest neck I'd ever seen.

n

9A

need

necesidad

There's a growing need for cheap housing in the larger cities.

n

2B

net

red

a fishing net

n

4A

newly

reciente

the newly formed residents' association

n

9B

newsworthy

de interés periodístico

Nothing newsworthy ever happens around here. It's so boring.

n

1A

niceness

amabilidad

Our company values niceness.

n

1B

nightclub

club nocturno

We went dancing at a nightclub.

n

1B

no longer

dejar de

The cinema is no longer used.

n

6C

nod

asentir con la cabeza

Many people in the audience nodded in agreement.

n

9A

no-expense-spared

gastar sin miramientos

a no-expense-spared holiday

n

4C

nonetheless

aún así

n

9C

noon

doce del mediodía

There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return. We used to ski before noon then take a long lunch.

n

2C

nor

tampoco

"I've never been to Iceland." "Nor have I."

n

7B

norm

norma

One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.

n

2C

northwest

noroeste

the sale of the company's northwest division

n

7A

Norwegian

Noruego / a

She is a Norwegian student.

n

8A

notably

principalmente

n

10B

note

nota

They have begun attracting investors, most notably big Japanese financial houses. He left a note to say he would be home late.

n

10C

note-taking

tomar apuntes

Note-taking is an important skill for students.

n

9B

noteworthy

significativo / a

a noteworthy example/event

n

9C

nuclear power

energía nuclear

nuclear power stations

n

6C

nudge

dar golpes con el codo

The children were giggling and nudging each other.

n

7B

number plate

matrícula

Police are looking for a small blue car with the number plate K17 EMW.

o

7B

obesity

obesidad

A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.

o

4A

objection

objección

Her objection to/against the plan is based on incorrect facts.

o

4B

obstinate

tozudo / a

He can be very obstinate at times.

o

3C

occurrence

acontecimiento

Street-fights are an everyday occurrence in this area of the city.

o

7A

offender

infractor

first-time offenders

o

2B

oil

aceite de baño

bath oil

o

10C

Olympic

Olímpico

the International Olympic Committee

o

9B

on the contrary

al contrario

o

7A

one-square-mile

una milla cuadrada

"Didn't you find the film exciting?" "On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it!" a one-square-mile island

o

7B

onset

inicio

the onset of cancer

o

2C

open-air

al aire libre

an open-air concert/market

o

7B

operate

hacer funcionar

How do you operate the remote control unit?

o

6C

operation

en funcionamiento

There are several reactors of the type in operation at the moment.

o

5A

opposition

oposición

There is a lot of opposition to the proposed changes.

o

9B

optimistic

optimista

She is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal.

o

5B

optional

opcional

English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.

o

5A

originate

originar

o

10A

orphan

huérfano

Although the technology originated in the UK, it has been developed in the US. The civil war is making orphans of many children.

o

2A

Oscar-winning

ganadora de un Oscar

She is an Oscar-winning actress.

o

9C

outcome

resultado

It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

o

6A

out-do

sobrepasar

He always tries to out-do everybody else in the class.

o

7B

outlook

pronóstico

The outlook for today is cloudy and dry at first with showers later.

o

6C

out-of-this-world

de otro mundo

It was an out-of-this-world experience.

o

9B

ovenproof

a prueba de horno

Is this dish definitely ovenproof?

o

6B

overcome

superar

o

9C

overdraft

saldo al descubierto

to overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistanc e to run up/pay off an overdraft

o

5A

overhead

por encima

A flock of geese flew overhead.

o

1A

overhear

escuchar sin querer

I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning.

o

1B

overload

sobrecarga

People today suffer from information overload.

o

9B

over-priced

cargar mucho el precio

Train fares are ridiculously over-priced.

o

9C

overseas

el extranjero

Many more people go/travel/live/work overseas these days.

o

5B

overspend

gastar más de la cuenta

The council seems likely to overspend this year.

o

8B

overtake

adelantar

Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car).

o

6B

overuse

sobreusar

I tend to overuse certain favourite expressions.

o

1A

overused

utilizado / a en exceso

overused expressions

o

5A

overworked

saturado de trabajo

an overworked civil servant

o

9C

owing to

a causa de

The concert has been cancelled owing to lack of support.

p

2A

painter

pintor

J.M.W. Turner is one of Britain's bestknown landscape painters.

p

9B

Pakistani

pakistani

a Pakistani film

p

4B

palm

palma

This tiny device fits into the palm of your hand.

p

2B

pancake

crep

Do you want a sweet pancake or a savoury one?

p

5B

paralympics

paralímpicos

The Paralympic Games are held in a different country on each occasion.

p

6A

participant

participante

The students claim to be willing participants in the experiment.

p

9C

pass on

transmitir

My grandmother passed on her cooking skills to me.

p

6C

passer-by

transeúnte

The gunmen opened fire, killing a policeman and a passer-by.

p

3B

path

camino

The path to success is fraught with difficulties.

p

6A

patrol

patrullado / a

The whole town is patrolled by police because of the possibility of riots.

p

10B

patterned

estampado / a

patterned textiles/wallpaper

p

6C

pause

pararse

He paused and thought for a moment.

p

9B

payment

pago

Usually we ask for payment on receipt of the goods.

p

9B

peace

paz

peace talks/proposals

p

1C

peanuts

cacahuetes

They pay people peanuts in that organization.

p

6A

pebble

de piedras

This part of the coast has pebble beaches.

p

6A

peculiar

peculiar

She has the most peculiar ideas.

p

9A

penny

penique

I keep pennies and other small coins in a jar.

p

10A

pension off

jubilar

After flying for 38 years, their Wessex helicopter is about to be pensioned off.

p

4A

percent

por ciento

You got 20 percent of the answers right that means one in every five.

p

1A

perfectly

perfectamente

The jacket fits perfectly, the skirt not so well.

p

6A

perform

realizar

Computers can perform a variety of tasks.

p

6A

perk

ventaja

p

1A

perky

alegre/animado

A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job. You look very perky this morning.

p

10C

permeate

impregnar

Dissatisfaction with the government seems to have permeated every section of society. The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.

p

10B

persist

persistir

p

4B

pestilence

plaga

Thousands were killed by the pestilence.

p

6A

phenomenon

fenómeno

Do you believe in the paranormal and other psychic phenomena?

p

7A

philosophy

filosofía

Live now, pay later - that's my philosophy of life!

p

3B

physically

físicamente

Physically I find him very attractive.

p

2B

picture-book

libro con ilustraciones

the picture-book English countryside

p

10A

pigeon

paloma

racing/homing pigeons

p

7B

PIN

PIN (número de identificación Do not reveal your PIN to anybody. personal)

p

10A

pioneering

pionero / a

a pioneering spirit

p

6A

pittance

miseria

He works hard but he's paid a pittance.

p

8A

playground

patio escolar

There were children fighting in the playground.

p

2B

plentiful

abundante

Strawberries are plentiful in the summer.

p

6C

pluck up

armarse de valor

He finally plucked up courage to ask her to marry him.

p

3A

podium

podio

Tears ran down her face as she stood on the winner's podium.

p

8C

poem

poema

a book of love poems

p

1C

pointless

sin sentido

This is a pointless exercise.

p

4A

poke fun

reirse de

Stop poking fun at your sister.

p

7B

political

políticos

political leaders

p

9B

politically-minded

con mentalidad política

a politically-minded pop star

p

9B

pollution-free

ecológico

pollution-free cars

p

6A

pond

estanque

a duck pond

p

7C

population

población

p

2C

port

puerto

There's been a 9% rise in the prison population (= the number of people in prison). a naval/fishing/container port

p

2A

possess

poseer

I don't possess a single DVD.

p

10A

postal service

servicio postal

The United States Postal Service

p

2B

pour

servir/verter

I spilled the juice while I was pouring it.

p

7C

pour down

llover a cántaros

It looks as though it's about to pour down (with rain).

p

6C

pout

poner mala cara

Vanessa always pouts if she doesn't get what she wants.

p

5A

powerful

poderoso / a

The President is more powerful than the Prime Minister.

p

9B

praiseworthy

digno / a de elogio

His actions during the crisis were truly praiseworthy.

p

4B

precede

preceder

p

1A

pregnant

embarazada

Boutros Boutros-Ghali preceded Kofi Annan as the Secretary-General of the UN. She's five and a half months pregnant.

p

5A

premiere

estreno

p

4A

premium

suplemento

p

7B

pre-paid

pagado con antelación

Admission tickets are $20 pre-paid, $25 at the door.

p

2B

preserve

conservar

We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.

p

4A

press release

comunicado de prensa

The minister issued a press release shortly after her resignation.

p

8B

presumably

presumiblemente

They can presumably afford to buy a bigger apartment.

p

6B

previously

anteriormente

She was previously employed as a tour guide.

The world premiere of the opera will be at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. We're willing to pay a premium for the best location.

p

9B

priced

precio (razonable)

a reasonably priced product

p

7C

primary

primaria

a primary school

p

5A

principal

protagonista principal

p

5C

prior

previo / a

None of the principals in the production received any payment for their performances. The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish.

p

9A

priority

prioridad

The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority.

p

7A

prisoner

recluso

p

8C

pro

ventaja

Prisoners climbed onto the prison roof to protest at the conditions inside the prison. One of the big pros of living in Madrid is the night life.

p

4B

process

tramitar

Visa applications take 28 days to process.

p

4C

Prof.

profesora

Prof. Tina Pritchard

p

5A

profession

profesión

He left the teaching profession in 1965 to set up his own business.

p

6A

professor

profesor

Professor Stephen Hawking

p

8A

profound

profundo / a

p

4A

p

9A

programming schedule programación properly

The invention of the contraceptive pill brought about profound changes in the lives of women. I am responsible for the station's programming schedule.

correctamente

It's still not working properly.

p

8C

proportion

proporción

p

4A

proposal

propuesta

p

1C

prospect

la idea/perspectiva

The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of unemployed. Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the president. The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror.

p

10B

protégé

protegido

Shapur's restaurant is full every night as trendy Londoners enjoy the wonders of his young protégé, chef Glyn Fussell.

p

2A

prove

resultar

That theory was proved false.

p

7B

provider

suministrador

an Internet service provider

p

5C

provision

suministro

The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area.

p

5A

proximity

proximidad

The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.

p

5A

pseud(o)-

pseudo

pseudo-friendship

p

1A

publisher

editorial

Janet edited books for a variety of publishers.

p

7A

puddle

charco

a puddle of water

p

7B

pull down

derribar

They pulled down the warehouse to build a new supermarket.

p

7A

punish

castigar

Those responsible for these crimes must be brought to court and punished.

p

3B

punishing

agotador / a

Currently she has a punishing schedule of five presentations a day.

p

7B

pupil

alumno

a second-year pupil

p

9B

purchase

comprar

Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.

p

1B

purely

puramente

On a purely practical level, it is difficult to see how such proposals would work.

p

6A

push

empujar

push boundaries

p

1A

pushy

insistente/prepotente/ ambicioso

a pushy salesman

q

6A

quack

graznido

I heard quacks coming from the pond.

q

2C

quaint

pintoresco / a

a quaint old cottage

q

1C

quietly

silenciosamente

I slipped quietly out of the back door.

q

6A

quirky

extravagante

He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour.

r

7B

race

raza

People of many different races were living side by side.

r

8B

racer

corredor

My brother is a kart racer.

r

6B

racism

racismo

The authorities are taking steps to combat/fight/tackle racism in schools.

r

7B

radio-transmitting

radiotransmisor

a radio-transmitting device

r

9B

rail ticket

billete de tren

The cost of rail tickets was increased by 11%.

r

10A

railroad station

estación de tren

Central Railroad Station

r

5B

rapper

rapero

Who is your favourite rapper?

r

3B

rarely

raramente

We rarely see each other now.

r

10A

rat

rata

Rats carry disease.

r

10B

rather

antes que

I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.

r

9A

rational

racional

He was too upset to be rational.

r

8B

rationalise

justificar

She rationalised the expense by saying that the costly carpet she had bought would last longer than a cheaper one.

r

1C

rave

hablar con entusiasmo

She raved about/over the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows.

r

1A

readership

número de lectores

The magazine has a readership of over 250 000.

r

9A

realisation

el hecho de darse cuenta

r

1B

realistically

de manera realista

The realization was dawning (= They were starting to realize) that this was a major disaster. Realistically speaking, he hadn't a hope, but that didn't stop him trying.

r

8B

realm

ámbito

A pay rise is not within the realms of possibility, I'm afraid.

r

9B

reasonable

bien de precio

Tomatoes are very reasonable at this time of year.

r

8C

reassure

tranquilizado / a

r

7B

rebel

rebelde

I was nervous on my first day at college, but I was reassured to see some friendly faces. The rebels took over the capital and set up a new government.

r

6C

recall

recordar

The old man recalled the city as it had been before the war.

r

4B

reckless

temerario-a

He was found guilty of reckless driving.

r

10A

recruit

reclutar

Charities such as Oxfam are always trying to recruit volunteers to help in their work. LeFanu suffered all his life from a recurrent nightmare that he was trapped in a falling house. I read the red-tops every morning.

r

5A

recurrent

recurrente

r

4C

red-top

prensa sensacionalista

r

10C

reflect

reflejar

The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits.

r

7A

reformer

reformador

a social reformer

r

6B

refusal

rechazo

r

6A

regard

considerar

Our request for permission to travel met with/received a flat/point-blank refusal from the authorities. Her parents always regarded her as the cleverest of their children.

r

5B

regardless

a pesar de

r

2C

region

región

She knew it was dangerous to visit him except at night, but she set out regardless (of the risk). the semi-desert regions of Australia

r

1B

regularly

habitualmente

Accidents regularly occur on this bend.

r

7A

rehabilitation

rehabilitación

the rehabilitation of prisoners

r

6A

relaxing

relajante

a relaxing holiday

r

8A

relieve

aliviar

She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.

r

5C

relieved

aliviado / a

I'm so relieved to find you - I thought you'd already gone.

r

7B

religion

religión

the Christian religion

r

8A

religious

religioso / a

religious education

r

9C

renewable

renovable

renewable energy sources such as wind and wave power

r

6B

renovation

reformas

The museum is closed for renovation.

r

7A

re-offend

reincidir

If he re-offends, he will go back to jail for a long time.

r

9C

repeated

repetido / a

repeated attempts/mistakes/warnings

r

7A

repeatedly

repetidamente

He telephoned repeatedly, begging her to return.

r

7A

repressive

represivo / a

a repressive military regime

r

7A

requirement

requisito

A good degree is a minimum requirement for many jobs.

r

7B

resign

dimitir

He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

r

1C

resist

resistir

She couldn't resist laughing at him in those clothes.

r

6B

resistance

resistencia

resistance to disease

r

9C

resource

recursos

Britain's mineral resources include oil, coal and gas deposits.

r

5B

restless

inquieto / a

He's a restless type - he never stays in one country for long.

r

7A

restore

restaurado / a

The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully restored.

r

7B

restrict

restringir

measures to restrict the sale of alcohol

r

4A

restriction

restricción

import/export/currency restrictions

r

7B

retailer

comercio

a big electronics retailer

r

5C

retirement

jubilación

Many teachers over the age of 50 are taking early retirement.

r

6A

reverse

al revés

To stop the engine, you repeat the same procedures, but in reverse.

r

2B

revolting

repugnante

a revolting smell of rotting cabbage

r

10C

revolution

revolución

a technological revolution

r

4A

ridiculous

ridículo / a

Do I look ridiculous in this hat?

r

7C

rising

creciente

rising inflation

r

3A

rival

rival

He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20 marks.

r

1C

roadworks

obras

There are delays on the M4 because of roadworks.

r

6B

roam

deambular

After the pubs close, gangs of youths roam the city streets.

r

8B

roller-coaster

montaña rusa

She loves roller-coasters.

r

2B

round-necked

cuello redondo

a round-necked T-shirt

r

5A

round-the-clock

dia y noche ( las 24 horas)

She needed round-the-clock nursing.

r

7A

route

camino

A college education is often the best route to a good job.

r

10C

rowing

remar

I love rowing.

r

5A

rub shoulders (with)

codearse con

She claims that she rubs shoulders with royalty all the time.

r

2C

rugged

escabroso / a

rugged landscape/terrain/hills/cliffs

r

6C

ruin

arruinar

Huge modern hotels have ruined this once unspoilt coastline.

r

4A

ruling

sentencia

The court has made a final ruling on the case that the companies acted illegally.

r

7B

rumoured

corre el rumor

The president is rumoured to be seriously ill.

r

1A

runaway

éxito obtenido muy rápido

Her first novel's runaway (= surprisingly big) success came as a great surprise.

r

6A

run-of-the-mill

moderado / a

He gave a fairly run-of-the-mill speech.

r

4C

runway

pista

r

4B

rural

rural

The environmentalists protested against the government's decision to build a third runway at the airport. The area is still very rural and undeveloped.

r

1A

rush up

venir corriendo precipitadamente

She rushed up to me and asked me a question.

r

2B

rustic

rústico / a

a rustic bench/cabin

r

5C

rut

rutina aburrida

s

5A

sacrifice

sacrificar

I've got to change jobs - after 15 years here I feel I'm (stuck) in a rut (= I'm bored). Many women sacrifice interesting careers for their family.

s

9B

safety-conscious

cauteloso / a con la seguridad

safety-conscious behaviour

s

7A

saliva

saliva

saliva specimens

s

7C

sarcastic

sarcástico / a

a sarcastic comment/remark

s

4A

satisfaction

compensación

You've sold me a faulty product and I demand satisfaction.

s

2A

savant

persona con memoria y habilidades inusuales

savant syndrome

s

7A

saw

sierra

a hand/power/chain/circular saw

s

4C

saxophone

saxofón

My father plays the saxophone.

s

1C

saying

dicho

As the saying goes, 'Don't count your chickens before they're hatched'.

s

4B

scale

magnitud

We don't yet know the scale of the problem.

s

6C

scam

estafa

an insurance scam

s

2A

scan

éscaner / exploración

an ultrasound scan

s

8B

scare

espantar

Sudden noises scare her.

s

6C

scary

de terror

a scary movie/story

s

7C

scene

escena

Evidence was found at the scene of the crime.

s

7C

scheme

proyecto

a training/housing/play scheme

s

10C

scientific

científico / a

a scientific discovery/experiment/theory

s

8B

scrape

rascar

s

7A

scratch

rascar

I was woken up by the noise of branches scraping against my bedroom window. We scratched the paintwork trying to get the bed into Martha's room.

s

2A

screenwriter

guionista cinematográfico

Who is the best young screenwriter?

s

8A

scriptwriter

guionista

She is a well-known scriptwriter.

s

8A

scrub

restregar

She scrubbed (at) the mark on the wall for ages, but it wouldn't come off.

s

2B

scruffy

de aspecto dejado

a small, scruffy-looking man

s

2C

seaside

de playa

a seaside holiday/hotel/resort

s

7C

seatbelt

cinturón de seguridad

to fasten your seatbelt

s

5B

secondary

secundaria

secondary education

s

10A

secretly

secretamente

s

4A

seek

buscar

He was convicted on the evidence of secretly recorded telephone conversations. Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.

s

2A

seek out

buscar

s

3B

seldom

rara vez

s

7A

select

escoger

There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could select one of them.

s

9A

selection

selección

The larger shops are able to stock a wider selection of goods.

s

3A

self-awareness

conocimiento de uno mismo

I think I have good self-awareness.

s

1A

self-help

autoayuda

self-help books

s

5A

selfless

desinteresado / a

selfless devotion to duty

s

5A

semi-

semi

semi-circle/semi-famous

s

3C

senior citizen

ciudadano de edad avanzada Discounts are available for senior citizens.

s

8B

sensation

sensación

a burning sensation

s

7B

setback

contratiempo

There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.

s

9A

setting

entorno

Their cottage is in an idyllic rural setting.

s

4A

settle for

conformarse con

They were hoping to sell their car for £2000, but settled for £1500.

s

5C

settle in

instalarse

Once we've settled in, you must come round for dinner.

While he was at the library, Steve decided to seek out some information on accommodation in the area. Now that we have a baby, we seldom get the chance to go to the cinema.

s

4B

settlement

asentamiento

A large Roman settlement has been discovered just outside the town.

s

1A

several

diversos / as

Several people have complained about the scheme.

s

7A

severely

duramente

I was severely reprimanded by my boss.

s

1B

sex

sexo

What sex is your cat?

s

5C

shadow

acompañar

s

4B

shape

forma

Your first week in the job will be spent shadowing one of our more experienced employees. We watched the vase begin to take shape in the potter's hands.

s

3A

sheer

puro / absoluto

The suggestion is sheer nonsense.

s

7B

shelter

refugio

We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter.

s

6C

shoo

hacer marchar / espantar

Go and shoo that cat away before it catches a bird.

s

6A

shopper

comprador

crowds of Christmas shoppers

s

10A

shortage

escasez

There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.

s

10B

shot

golpe

Woods hit a perfect shot out of the bunker.

s

6B

showing

proyección

This is the film's first showing on British television.

s

2A

shuffle

arrastrar (los pies)

He shuffled into the kitchen, leaning on his walking stick.

s

10A

siege

cerco

The siege of Mafeking lasted for eight months.

s

8A

significant

significativo / a

The talks between the USA and the USSR were very significant for the relationship between the two countries.

s

6A

significantly

significativamente

s

3A

similarly

igualmente

s

1A

simply

simplemente

My piano playing has improved significantly since I've had a new teacher. Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly (= in a similar way), bicycles should stop too. I don't like my job - I simply do it for the money.

s

2A

simultaneously

simultáneamente

I was trying to do three things simultaneously.

s

2B

sip

sorber

This tea is very hot, so sip it carefully.

s

7A

situated

situado / a

The school is situated near to the station.

s

7A

six-year

de seis años

a six-year sentence

s

4C

skid

patinar

Trevor's bus skidded on some ice and hit a tree.

s

10C

skill

habilidad

Ruth had/possessed great writing skills.

s

5A

skimmed

desnatada

skimmed milk

s

10A

skinny

en los huesos

You should eat more, you're much too skinny.

s

10A

sled

trineo

The children are playing in the snow with their sleds.

s

5C

sleepover

pasar la noche en casa de alguien

Let's have a sleepover at my house.

s

4C

slide

tobogán

an emergency slide

s

7A

slide

deslizar

When I was little I used to like sliding on the polished floor in my socks.

s

10A

slowly

lentamente

Could you please speak more slowly?

s

1A

slump

desplomarse

She slumped into the chair, exhausted.

s

7A

small-scale

pequeña escala

a small-scale investigation

s

9B

smart card

tarjeta electrónica

I always use my smart card on the underground.

s

7A

smuggling

contrabando

The murdered man is thought to have been involved in drug smuggling.

s

9B

snack

tentempié

I had a huge lunch, so I'll only need a snack for dinner.

s

4C

snappy

pegadizo y con estilo

They're looking for a snappy slogan to communicate the campaign's message.

s

6B

sneaky

secreto / a

a sneaky plan

s

2B

snow-capped

cubierta de nieve

snow-capped mountains

s

5C

snowed under

estar inundado de

I'm absolutely snowed under with work at the moment.

s

4C

so-called

llamado / a

It isn't yet clear how destructive this socalled 'super virus' is.

s

2A

socially

socialmente

Socially, she's a disaster - she's always offending someone or picking a fight.

s

9A

sociologist

sociólogo

a renowned sociologist

s

10B

soloist

solista

The soloist in the violin concerto was Yehudi Menuhin.

s

7C

somebody

alguien

There's somebody at the door.

s

6C

somersault

voltereta

She was so happy she turned three somersaults on the lawn.

s

6A

somewhat

un tanto

She's somewhat more confident than she used to be.

s

8A

soot

hollín

It can be dangerous to let too much soot accumulate inside a chimney.

s

4B

sophistication

sofisticación

Her sophistication is evident from the way she dresses.

s

9B

sort

tipo

We both like the same sort of music.

s

10A

sorting office

oficina de clasificación

I work at the sorting office.

s

10B

sour

ácido / a

These plums are a bit sour.

s

2C

southwest

suroeste

I come from the southwest part of the island.

s

6A

speciality

especialidad

s

3A

spectrum

espectro

The political economy of European integration is one of the professor's specialities. A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting.

s

9A

spending

gasto

government spending on health

s

2B

spice

especia

Cinnamon, ginger and cloves are all spices.

s

4C

splash

artículo para captar la atención

The newspaper's splash is usually a business story.

s

2C

splendour

esplendor

They bought a decaying 16th-century manor house and restored it to its original splendour.

s

1C

spoil

mimar

When I'm feeling miserable I go shopping and spoil myself - a couple of new dresses always make me feel better. a sponsored run

s

6B

sponsored

patrocinado / a

s

3A

spontaneous

espontáneo / a

She's such a spontaneous, lively woman.

s

2C

sporting

deportivo

The Olympics is the biggest sporting event in the world.

s

3A

spotlight

centro de atención

s

5A

spouse

esposa

The senator has been in the spotlight recently since the revelation of his tax frauds. In 60% of the households surveyed both spouses went out to work.

s

2B

sprawling

irregulares/extenderse desorganizadamente

sprawling suburbs

s

3A

spray

rociar

She sprayed herself with perfume.

s

7C

spy hole

mirilla

I have a security spy hole in my front door.

s

4C

St

calle

My address is 19 East Norwood St.

s

7A

stable

establo

The horses are in the stables.

s

8B

stair

escalera

s

5B

standard

nivel

The top stair creaked as she went upstairs and the noise woke up her mother. This essay is not of an acceptable standard - do it again.

s

4B

standstill

paralización

s

5A

stardom

estrellato / fama

s

2B

stark

austero / a

s

2C

stately

majestuoso / a

It was a stark room with its white walls, and a bed and chair as the only furniture. stately homes

s

9A

statement

declaración

a provocative statement

s

9A

state-of-the-art

última tecnología

a state-of-the-art computer

The runaway bus eventually came to a standstill when it rolled into a muddy field. From childhood, Britney Spears seemed destined for stardom.

s

6B

stealth

cautela

These thieves operate with terrifying stealth - they can easily steal from the pockets of unsuspecting travellers.

s

5A

stepping stone

trampolín

I see this job just as a stepping stone to better things.

s

10B

stick with

mantener

s

7B

stock

provisiones

He said that he was going to stick with the traditions established by his grandfather. It is now halfway through winter and food stocks are already low.

s

7A

stolen

robado / a

stolen goods

s

2B

stopover

escala

Our tickets to Australia include a stopover for two nights in Singapore.

s

7B

store card

tarjeta de cliente

Do you have a store card?

s

10B

straightaway

enseguida

We don't have to go straightaway, do we?

s

2B

strain

tensión

Their constant arguments were putting a strain on their marriage.

s

2B

straw

paja

Why don't you drink your milkshake through a straw?

s

9B

stress-free

sin estrés

a stress-free life

s

2B

stretch

extenderse

The Andes stretch for 7250 km along the west coast of South America.

s

3B

stroke

derrame cerebral

She suffered/had a stroke which left her unable to speak.

s

10A

stroke of genius

golple de inspiración

It was such a brilliant idea - a real stroke of genius.

s

1A

strongly

firmemente

They strongly believe their children should make choices for themselves.

s

9C

structure

estructurar

We must carefully structure and rehearse each scene.

s

5C

stuck

estancado / a

I'm stuck in a rut (= I'm bored).

s

6A

stuffed toy

muñeco de peluche

My baby daughter loves playing with her stuffed toys.

s

10B

stunning

impresionante

a stunning dress

s

2B

stupid-looking

de aspecto idiota

a stupid-looking animal

s

5A

stupor

estupor

He was lying under the table in a drunken stupor.

s

6A

stylish

elegante

The film's direction is subtle and stylish.

s

6A

subconscious

subconsciente

The memory was buried deep within my subconscious.

s

6A

submission

presentación

The final deadline for submissions is February 21st.

s

5C

subsequent

posterior

s

1B

substitute

suplente

The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government. a substitute teacher

s

10C

successfully

exitosamente

A number of patients have been successfully treated with the new drug.

s

4B

succumb

sucumbir

Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months.

s

4A

sue

demandar

s

8A

suffering

sufrimiento

He was so furious about the accusations in the letter that he threatened to sue. The war will cause widespread human suffering.

s

9C

sugar-free

sin azúcar

sugar-free chewing-gum

s

6A

sugary

dulce

all those sugary snacks that kids eat

s

9C

sum up

resumir

She summed up the situation quickly and took charge.

s

3B

sunlight

luz del sol

a ray/beam/shaft/pool of sunlight

s

2B

sun-roof

techo corredizo/techo plegable

My new car has a sun-roof.

s

9A

super-

super

the super-rich

s

2C

superbly

magníficamente

The orchestra played superbly.

s

2B

superbly-acted

muy bien interpretado

It is a superbly-acted drama.

s

5A

superficial

superficial

He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial.

s

5A

superwoman

supermujer

She said that she was tired of being expected to be a superwoman.

s

2B

supper

cena

We usually have tea at about 5.30 p.m., then supper before we go to bed.

s

5A

supplement

complementar

He supplements his income by working in a bar in the evening.

s

6A

supporter

seguidor

Thousands of supporters have travelled to London for the cup final.

s

8B

supposedly

supuestamente

Well, the tickets are supposedly in the mail.

s

3A

supremely

sumamente

Wales are supremely confident of winning the match.

s

8C

surprisingly

sorprendentemente

Surprisingly, the restaurant turned out to be cheap.

s

2C

surround

rodear

Snow-capped mountains surround the city.

s

9B

suspicious

desconfiado / a

s

7A

sweat

sudar

s

6A

sweater

jersey

His colleagues became suspicious when he did not appear at work, since he was always punctual. It was so hot when we arrived in Tripoli that we started to sweat as soon as we got off the plane. Put a sweater on if you're cold.

s

3B

swell (up)

hinchar

s

10A

swift

rápido / a

s

6B

swimming pool

piscina

an indoor/outdoor swimming pool

s

1A

swing

abrirse

The door swung open.

s

10C

switch

cambiar

s

4C

swoop

descender en picado

She started studying English at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year. The eagle swooped down to snatch a young rabbit.

s

3A

syndrome

síndrome

s

10C

systematic

sitemático / a

t

4C

tabloid

prensa sensacionalista

It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up). The local police took swift action against the squatters.

It's a classic case of the boredhousewife syndrome - she's got nothing to do all day except drink and go shopping. We've got to be a bit more systematic in the way that we approach this task. the tabloid press

t

3C

tactful

diplomático / a

Mentioning his baldness wasn't very tactful.

t

7B

tagging

dispositivo personal de supervisión

electronic tagging

t

3A

tailor

acoplar/adaptar

I can tailor my working hours to suit my lifestyle.

t

10B

talent

talento

Her talent for music showed at an early age.

t

6B

tap

grifo

the hot/cold tap

t

1A

technique

técnica

t

4B

technological

tecnológico

We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process. Technological advances in computing and telecommunications will reduce the need for many people to travel to work.

t

2B

teeth

dientes

I brush my teeth three times a day.

t

10A

telegraph

telégrafo

The news came by telegraph.

t

5C

telephone

teléfono

a telephone survey

t

2A

temporal lobe

lóbulo temporal

the temporal lobe of the brain

t

7A

tempt

tentar

The offer of a free car stereo tempted her into buying a new car.

t

3C

ten kilometre

diez kilómetros

a ten kilometre road race

t

9A

term

término

'Without let or hindrance' is a legal term which means 'freely'.

t

1B

terms

relaciones

I've always been on good terms with my neighbours.

t

1B

text-based

basada en envio de mensajes escritos

My girlfriend lives in another city so our relationship is almost totally text-based.

t

7C

thank goodness

gracias a Dios

I managed to catch the train, thank goodness.

t

8B

thankful

agradecido / a

I was thankful that the meeting didn't last long, because I had a train to catch.

t

5A

the Internet

Internet

I found out about the bombings from/on the Internet.

t

2A

theory

teoría

Darwin's theory of evolution

t

6B

thereby

de este modo

t

9C

thinker

pensador

Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, thereby reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains. a political/religious thinker

t

2A

thoroughly

profundamente

I thoroughly enjoyed the performance.

t

10C

thought

idea

Let me have your thoughts on that report by Friday.

t

9C

three-day

de tres dias

a three-day weekend

t

3A

thrifty

austero / a

They have plenty of money now, but they still tend to be thrifty.

t

8B

thrill-seeker

buscador de emociones fuertes

I would describe myself as a thrillseeker.

t

8B

thrill-seeking

experimentar emociones fuertes

Thrill-seeking is in my genes.

t

3A

tight-fisted

tacaño / a

Don't imagine Gillian'll buy you a drink she's too tight-fisted.

t

5A

tightly

estrechamente

Many commuters are forced to stand, tightly packed in, like sardines.

t

7A

timber

madera

a timber forest

t

2C

timelessness

sentido de atemporalidad

Rothko's paintings have a unique timelessness.

t

6C

time-share

multipropiedad

We've bought a time-share in Spain.

t

3A

timid

tímido /a

Lucy is a rather timid child.

t

4A

token

ficha

a metal/plastic token

t

7A

tool

herramienta

power tools

t

1A

total

total

t

1C

totally

totalmente

At that time of day, cars with only one occupant accounted for almost 80% of the total. Her second husband is totally different from Mark.

t

7A

tournament

torneo

a tennis/chess/golf tournament

t

1A

towards

hacia

They've always been very friendly towards me.

t

7A

trace

rastro

Traces of drugs were found in his blood.

t

7B

track

localizar

The military use radar satellites to track targets through clouds and at night.

t

7B

tracking

localizador (dispositivo)

a tracking device

t

10C

traditionally

tradicionalmente

Quaker meetings are traditionally held in silence.

t

8B

traffic jam

embotellamiento

Roadworks have caused traffic jams throughout the city centre.

t

3A

trait

rasgo

His sense of humour is one of his better traits.

t

9B

transaction

transacción

a business transaction

t

10A

transcontinental

transcontinental

The transcontinental railway goes from New York to San Francisco.

t

9C

transfer

traspaso

the transfer of information

t

4B

transform

transformarse

t

7B

transmit

trasmitir

Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself into a radiant star. Radio Seven transmits on 201 medium wave .

t

10C

trashy

basura

trashy programmes

t

3B

treadmill

cinta para correr

There are ten treadmills in the gym.

t

8B

trigger

provocar

Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.

t

3A

triumph

triunfo

t

5A

trivial

trivial

The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity. I don't know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial.

t

5A

trusted

de confianza

She is my most trusted friend.

t

3A

trusting

confiado / a

The child gave a lovely, trusting smile.

t

1A

try out

probar

Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.

t

4B

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a very serious disease.

t

2B

tuck into

atacar

Judging by the way they tucked into their dinner, they must have been very hungry. See you on Tues.

t

4C

Tues

martes

t

10C

tune in

sintonizar

t

1A

turn-off

ningún atractivo

t

2B

turquoise

turquesa

The current financial situation certainly tunes in with what economic experts predicted over a year ago. This system may provide a powerful tool for adults who find computers a turn-off yet need to learn to use them. the clear turquoise water of the bay

t

9B

twenties

a los veinte

They both got married in their twenties.

t

7A

twice-daily

dos veces al dia

There is a twice-daily bus to the city.

t

6C

twist

giro

t

7A

twist

torcerse

The story took a surprise twist today with media reports that the doctor had resigned. I twisted my ankle last week.

t

1B

two-fifths

dos quintas (partes)

What is two-fifths of 1210?

u

6B

ultimately

finalmente

u

5B

unaided

sin ayuda

Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week. Since his accident, he hasn't been able to walk unaided.

u

6B

unannounced

sin avisar

She appeared unannounced and took control of the meeting.

u

9C

unauthorised

no autorizado

No admittance to unauthorised personnel.

u

6A

unaware

inconsciente

I was quite unaware of the problem.

u

1B

unburden

descargarse/desahogarse/ aliviarse

He'll unburden himself to anyone who'll listen.

u

2A

uncertain

incierto / a

New arrivals face an uncertain future.

u

10C

unclear

poco claro / a

The ownership of the painting remains unclear.

u

1A

uncomfortable

incómodo / a

an uncomfortable silence

u

2A

unconditional

incondicional

the unconditional love that one has for one's child

u

4C

undercarriage

tren de aterrizaje

an aircraft undercarriage

u

5A

underfoot

debajo de los pies

The grass was cool and pleasant underfoot.

u

4A

undergo

someterse a

u

4B

uneducated

inculto

Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship. an uneducated man

u

4B

unexpectedly

inesperadamente

I met her unexpectedly in a coffee shop.

u

7A

unfairly

injustamente

I think you are blaming Roger unfairly.

u

4A

unfaithful

infiel

If a man was unfaithful to me I'd leave him no matter what the circumstances.

u

1A

unfinished

inacabado / a

I still have some unfinished business with you.

u

9B

unforgettable

inolvidable

an unforgettable experience

u

3A

unfounded

infundado / a

I'm pleased to see that our fears about the weather proved totally unfounded.

u

1B

ungrateful

desagradecido / a

He is always so ungrateful.

u

8B

uninvited

no estar invitado / a

She came to the party uninvited.

u

7B

universally

universalmente

The new roundabout is universally loathed by motorists.

u

8B

unknown

desconocido / a

The exact number of people carrying the virus is unknown.

u

8A

unlimited

ilimitado / a

Passes are available for one month's unlimited travel within Europe.

u

1B

unload

descargar / desahogarse

I'm afraid I've been unloading my worries on poor Ann here.

u

7C

unmarked

camuflado / a

an unmarked police car

u

6B

unofficial

extraoficial

unofficial estimates/figures/reports

u

7A

unpleasant

desagradable

an unpleasant surprise

u

9B

unpredictable

imprevisible

The weather there can be a bit unpredictable - one minute it's blue skies and the next minute it's pouring down.

u

3A

unquestionable

hecho indiscutible

The fact that everyone will die someday is one of the unquestionables of life.

u

6A

unrelated

no relacionado / a

Police said his death was unrelated to the attack.

u

2B

unspoilt

no estropeado / a

The mansion is set in 90 acres of beautiful, unspoilt countryside.

u

2A

unsuitable

inadecuado / a

Completely unsuitable candidates were screened out at the first interview.

u

9A

unusually

inusualmente

He was unusually polite .

u

10B

upbringing

educación

u

8A

upcoming

próximo

Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing? Tickets are selling well for the group's upcoming concert tour.

u

10A

upkeep

mantenimiento

The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive.

u

9B

upload

cargar

How can I upload these files?

u

2C

upon

tras

hours upon hours

u

10C

up-to-date

al dia

Great trouble is taken to keep our database up-to-date.

u

4B

urban

urbano

urban development

u

2A

urge

instar

Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action.

u

6C

urge

deseo

The urge to steal is very strong in many of the young men we look after here.

u

4A

user-generated

creado por el usuario

user-generated content

u

3A

utterly

completamente

What an utterly stupid thing to do!

v

10B

vague

vago / a

I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.

v

5A

vain

vanidoso / a

He was very vain about his hair and his clothes.

v

9A

value

valorar

I've always valued her advice.

v

2A

variable

variable

a variable interest rate

v

4B

varied

variado / a

a varied group of people

v

9C

vary

variar

v

2B

vegetation

vegetación

Some people give a regular monthly donation while others vary the amount they give. The railway track will have to be cleared of vegetation if it is to be used again.

v

4B

vehicle

vehículo

v

1C

venture

expresar

v

4A

verge

a punto de

v

2C

vibrancy

vitalidad

v

2B

vibrant

vibrante/vivo / a

a vibrant city

v

2B

Victorian

Victoriano / a

a Victorian terraced house

v

3A

victory

victoria

v

4B

villager

aldeano

The Redskins opened the season by scoring a resounding/stunning/impressive 25-3 victory against/over Detroit. All of the villagers attended the local festival.

v

8C

VIP

VIP (persona importante)

They were in the VIP lounge at the airport.

v

9C

visibility

visibilidad

Mist is still causing poor visibility - down to five metres in parts of the south-east.

v

6B

visual

visual

visual stimulus/impact/abilities

v

5B

visualise

visualizar

I was so surprised when he turned up I'd visualised someone much older.

v

10A

vital

vital

A strong opposition is vital to a healthy democracy.

v

2C

vitamin

vitamina

a vitamin pill

v

3A

vividly

claramente

I vividly remember my first day at school.

v

7C

vote

votar

She was too young to vote in the national election.

A truck driver died last night when his vehicle overturned. She tentatively ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to complete, but the boss ignored her. on the verge of collapse/success/tears/death/disaster/w ar No one can fail to be struck by the vibrancy of New York.

w 4A

wall

pared

The walls in this apartment are so thin you can hear just about every word the neighbours say. Why not visit the beautiful walled city of York?

w 2C

walled

amurallado / a

w 1A

wander

deambular/pasear/vagar

We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city.

w 2C

warden

guardián

a dog warden

w 7B

watcher

espectador

The new channel is certainly good news for the movie watcher.

w 9B

waterproof

impermeable

Canvas boots are all right but they're not as waterproof as leather.

w 1B

wavelength

longitud de onda

I can't seem to get on with him - we're just not on the same wavelength.

w 2C

wealth

mucha / abundante

Jim has a wealth of teaching experience.

w 1A

weapon

arma

a lethal weapon

w 6B

welfare

bienestar

The police are very concerned for the welfare of the missing child.

w 6B

well-being

sentirse bien

People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.

w 2B

well-decorated

bien decorado

He has a very well-decorated house.

w 2B

well-written

bien escrita

Her latest novel is very well-written.

w 6B

whaling

caza de ballenas

Whaling is legal in some countries.

w 8B

whichever

de todas maneras

It's going to be expensive whichever way you do it.

w 6C

whisper

susurrar

She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.

w 2A

whom

quien

I met a man with whom I used to work.

w 7B

widely

extensamente

They have both travelled widely.

w 8B

widen

abrirse mucho

His eyes/smile widened.

w 10A

wilderness

desierta

a beautiful mountain wilderness

w 10A

willing

dispuesto / a

If you're willing to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.

w 10A

winged

con alas

a high-winged aeroplane

w 10A

wiry

complexión delgada pero fuerte

He has a runner's wiry frame.

w 10B

wise

savio / a

I think you made a wise choice.

w 4B

wisely

saviamente

Sian had very wisely left the party before all the trouble started.

w 7B

withdraw

retirar

The UN has withdrawn its troops from the country.

w 7B

withdrawal

retirada

w 1A

witter on

parlotear/hablar durante un buen rato

The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week. He'd been wittering on about his neighbours for half the morning.

w 6B

witty

ingenioso / a

a witty comment/remark

w 3A

wolf

lobo

Wolves hunt in groups known as packs.

w 2B

wonderfully

(ir) de maravilla

This sauce goes wonderfully well with fish, asparagus or new potatoes.

w 2C

woodland

bosque

w 10C

woolly

vago / a

The Forestry Commission is responsible for preserving over 2 million acres of woodland. It's the woolly thinking behind the book that I find so infuriating.

w 6B

word-of-mouth

de palabra

w 10A

workforce

plantilla

w 1A

working

laboral

a 37-hour working week

w 10C

workings

funcionamiento

the workings of government

w 8A

wreck

destrozar

The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars.

w 6A

wrinkled

arrugado / a

a wrinkled face

w 6B

wristband

pulsera

a rubber wristband

All the orders were given by word of mouth so that no written evidence could be discovered later. The majority of factories in the region have a workforce of 50 to 100 (people).

y

5A

yourselves

vosotros mismos

Did you make the dresses yourselves?

y

1A

youth

juventud

the youth of today

z

3B

zip

ir rápido

I'm just going to zip along to the shops I won't be long.

© Cambridge University Press 2009

Advanced wordlist: English to Spanish Lesson English word no.

Spanish Español

Example sentence

a

1A

all-time

sin precedente

After three years of drought, the water in the lake had reached an all-time low.

a

1A

analysis

análisis

Chemical analysis revealed a high content of copper.

a

1A

annoy

hacer enfadar

Tim really annoyed me in the meeting this morning.

a

1A

appoint

nombrar

We've appointed three new teachers this year.

b

1A

bicker

discutir

Will you two stop bickering!

b

1A

blissfully

dichosamente

They seemed blissfully happy.

b

1A

butt in

interrumpir alguien que habla Norma always butts in when we're talking.

c

1A

cashier

cajero

I smiled at the cashier and gave her my credit card.

c

1A

chatty

hablador / a

My manager said I am too chatty at work.

c

1A

cheerful

alegre

He's usually fairly cheerful.

c

1A

constantly

constantemente

He's constantly changing his mind.

c

1A

consumer

consumidor

The new telephone rates will affect all consumers including businesses.

d

1A

demand

demanda

There was little demand for tickets.

d

1A

disabled space

aparcamiento para minusválidos

If you have a disabled badge in your car, you can park in a disabled space.

e

1A

expect

esperar

He didn't expect to see me.

f

1A

fishcake

pescado rebozado

Fishcakes are on the menu today.

f

1A

friendliness

simpatía

Serena is very popular because of her friendliness.

g

1A

genuinely

sinceramente

I'm genuinely sorry for what I said, I really am.

g

1A

grab

arrebatar/agarrar

A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park.

g

1A

gritted

apretar

gritted teeth

g

1A

grumble

quejarse

She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job.

h

1A

high street

calle principal

There's a new Italian restaurant opening on the high street.

h

1A

highly

sumamente

a highly profitable line of products

i

1A

impressed

impresionado / a

I wasn't very impressed with the performance.

i

1A

impression

impresión

It makes/gives/creates a very bad impression if you're late for an interview.

i

1A

indication

indicio

Helen's face gave no indication of what she was thinking.

i

1A

initially

al principio

Initially, most people approved of the new scheme.

i

1A

insincere

poco sincero /a

an insincere apology

i

1A

intervene

intervenir

i

1A

-ish

casi (nuevo)

The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate. They have a four-bedroom house on a newish estate.

k

1A

keep up

mantener el ritmo

Supply of the goods is failing to keep up with demand.

m 1A

marketing

márketing

a career in marketing

m 1A

myself

yo mismo / a

I've bought myself a new coat.

n

1A

niceness

amabilidad

Our company values niceness.

o

1A

overhear

escuchar sin querer

I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning.

o

1A

overused

utilizado / a en exceso

overused expressions

p

1A

perfectly

perfectamente

The jacket fits perfectly, the skirt not so well.

p

1A

perky

alegre/animado

You look very perky this morning.

p

1A

pregnant

embarazada

She's five and a half months pregnant.

p

1A

publisher

editorial

Janet edited books for a variety of publishers.

p

1A

pushy

insistente/prepotente/ ambicioso

a pushy salesman

r

1A

readership

número de lectores

The magazine has a readership of over 250 000.

r

1A

runaway

éxito obtenido muy rápido

Her first novel's runaway (= surprisingly big) success came as a great surprise.

r

1A

rush up

venir corriendo precipitadamente

She rushed up to me and asked me a question.

s

1A

self-help

autoayuda

self-help books

s

1A

several

diversos / as

Several people have complained about the scheme.

s

1A

simply

simplemente

I don't like my job - I simply do it for the money.

s

1A

slump

desplomarse

She slumped into the chair, exhausted.

s

1A

strongly

firmemente

They strongly believe their children should make choices for themselves.

s

1A

swing

abrirse

The door swung open.

t

1A

technique

técnica

t

1A

total

total

t

1A

towards

hacia

We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process. At that time of day, cars with only one occupant accounted for almost 80% of the total. They've always been very friendly towards me.

t

1A

try out

probar

Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.

t

1A

turn-off

ningún atractivo

u

1A

uncomfortable

incómodo / a

This system may provide a powerful tool for adults who find computers a turn-off yet need to learn to use them. an uncomfortable silence

u

1A

unfinished

inacabado / a

I still have some unfinished business with you.

w 1A

wander

deambular/pasear/vagar

We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city.

w 1A

weapon

arma

a lethal weapon

w 1A

witter on

parlotear/hablar durante un buen rato

He'd been wittering on about his neighbours for half the morning.

w 1A

working

laboral

a 37-hour working week

y

1A

youth

juventud

the youth of today

a

1B

add up

significar

It all added up to a lot of hard work for all of us.

b

1B

barely

apenas

After paying for our travel costs, we barely broke even.

b

1B

basis

régimen

b

1B

broadly

en términos generales

Most of our staff work for us on a voluntary basis (= They work without being paid). Broadly speaking, don't you think women make better drivers than men?

c

1B

commitment

compromiso

her commitment to left-wing politics/the cause of feminism/the company

c

1B

confidant

confidente

a close confidant

c

1B

confide

confiar

She's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in her.

d

1B

depth

profundidad

the depth of a lake/pond

e

1B

everyday

cotidiana

the everyday lives of ordinary Russian citizens

f

1B

friendship

amistad

Their friendship goes back to when they were at school together.

f

1B

funnily enough

curiosamente

I have met him, funnily enough.

h

1B

hobby

pasatiempo

Ben's hobby is restoring vintage motorcycles.

i

1B

include

incluir

The bill includes tax and service.

i

1B

increasingly

cada vez más

to be increasingly important/common

i

1B

intentionally

intencionadamente

I didn't ignore her intentionally - I just didn't recognize her.

i

1B

interest

interés

I've always had an interest in astronomy.

i

1B

irritate

irritar

After a while her behaviour really began to irritate me.

k

1B

keep track

seguir los acontecimientos

m 1B

meaningful

profundo / a

My sister has had so many different jobs, I find it hard to keep track (of what she's doing). She seems to find it difficult to form meaningful relationships.

n

1B

necessity

necesidad

With a personal fortune of six million pounds, she certainly doesn't work out of necessity (= because she needs to).

n

1B

nightclub

club nocturno

We went dancing at a nightclub.

n

1B

no longer

dejar de

The cinema is no longer used.

o

1B

overload

sobrecarga

People today suffer from information overload.

p

1B

purely

puramente

On a purely practical level, it is difficult to see how such proposals would work.

r

1B

realistically

de manera realista

Realistically speaking, he hadn't a hope, but that didn't stop him trying.

r

1B

regularly

habitualmente

Accidents regularly occur on this bend.

s

1B

sex

sexo

What sex is your cat?

s

1B

substitute

suplente

a substitute teacher

t

1B

terms

relaciones

I've always been on good terms with my neighbours.

t

1B

text-based

basada en envio de mensajes escritos

My girlfriend lives in another city so our relationship is almost totally text-based.

t

1B

two-fifths

dos quintas (partes)

What is two-fifths of 1210?

u

1B

unburden

descargarse/desahogarse/ aliviarse

He'll unburden himself to anyone who'll listen.

u

1B

ungrateful

desagradecido / a

He is always so ungrateful.

u

1B

unload

descargar / desahogarse

I'm afraid I've been unloading my worries on poor Ann here.

w 1B

wavelength

longitud de onda

I can't seem to get on with him - we're just not on the same wavelength.

b

1C

besides

además

She won't mind your being late besides, it's hardly your fault.

b

1C

boot

maletero

My suitcase is in the boot of my car.

b

1C

bore

aburrir

"Am I boring you?" she asked anxiously.

c

1C

convinced

convencido / a

My boyfriend says I'd enjoy a walking holiday, but I'm not convinced.

c

1C

costs

gastos

We need to cut our advertising costs.

c

1C

crow

cuervo

My girlfriend is scared of birds, especially crows.

c

1C

crowd

grupo

She goes about with a friendly crowd.

d

1C

data

datos

The data was/were collected by various researchers.

e

1C

ensure

asegurar

The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.

e

1C

entirely

completamente

I admit it was entirely my fault.

f

1C

frighten

espantar/asustar

He frightens me when he drives so fast.

g

1C

gain

obtener

What do you hope to gain from the course?

i

1C

icy

congelado / a

icy roads

i

1C

inaccessible

inaccesible

one of the most inaccessible places in the world

i

1C

in-laws

suegros

My in-laws are coming for Christmas.

m 1C

manual

manual

a DIY manual

m 1C

molehill

topera

m 1C

motorway

autopista

m 1C

must

deber

You're making a mountain out of a molehill. You wrote one bad essay - it doesn't mean you're going to fail your exam. Because of the bad weather, motorway (driving) conditions are expected to be hazardous tonight. We must get someone to fix that wheel.

p

1C

peanuts

cacahuetes

They pay people peanuts in that organization.

p

1C

pointless

sin sentido

This is a pointless exercise.

p

1C

prospect

la idea/perspectiva

The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror.

q

1C

quietly

silenciosamente

I slipped quietly out of the back door.

r

1C

rave

hablar con entusiasmo

She raved about/over the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows.

r

1C

resist

resistir

She couldn't resist laughing at him in those clothes.

r

1C

roadworks

obras

There are delays on the M4 because of roadworks.

s

1C

saying

dicho

As the saying goes, 'Don't count your chickens before they're hatched'.

s

1C

spoil

mimar

t

1C

totally

totalmente

When I'm feeling miserable I go shopping and spoil myself - a couple of new dresses always make me feel better. Her second husband is totally different from Mark.

v

1C

venture

expresar

She tentatively ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to complete, but the boss ignored her.

a

2A

academic

académico / a

academic subjects/qualifications/books

a

2A

affectionate

afectuoso / a

He's an affectionate little boy.

a

2A

astounding

sorprendente

an astounding fact/decision/revelation

a

2A

atlas

atlas

an atlas of the world

a

2A

autistic

autista

One child in 5 000 is autistic.

b

2A

belief

confianza

b

2A

bellow

grito agudo/bramido

Recent revelations about corruption have shaken many people's belief in (= caused people to have doubts about) the police. He gave a bellow of rage.

b

2A

bespectacled

con gafas

a small, bespectacled man in a drab suit

b

2A

brilliance

brillantez

Her first novel showed signs of brilliance.

b

2A

bubble

burbuja

As water begins to boil, bubbles rise ever faster to the surface.

c

2A

cleverest

la más inteligente

She is the cleverest student in the class.

c

2A

confusing

confuso / a

The transition from boyhood to manhood can be a confusing period.

d

2A

deficiency

deficiencia

Pregnant women often suffer from iron deficiency.

d

2A

deficient

carente

A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.

d

2A

developmentally

trastornos en el desarrollo

developmentally disabled

d

2A

directory

directorio

Look up their number in the telephone directory.

d

2A

disabled

minusválido

The accident left him severely disabled.

d

2A

distribute

distribuir

Their teacher distributed a review for the exam.

d

2A

dub

apodar

She was dubbed by the newspapers 'The Angel of Death'.

e

2A

emotional

emocional

a child's emotional development

f

2A

firmly

firmemente

We are firmly committed to reducing unemployment.

f

2A

flit

saltar (de una cosa a otra)

Sara finds it very difficult to settle - she's always flitting from one thing to another.

g

2A

gait

paso/manera de caminar

He walked with a slow stiff gait.

g

2A

generate

crear

The new development will generate 1500 new jobs.

g

2A

genius

genio

(an) artistic/creative/musical genius

g

2A

Google

Google

Google is a popular Internet search engine.

h

2A

hemisphere

hemisferio

The brain is divided into two hemispheres.

h

2A

hug

abrazo

Come here and give me a big hug.

i

2A

immeasurable

inmenso / a

Her films had an immeasurable effect on a generation of Americans.

i

2A

impractical

poco práctico / a

I love high heels but they're rather impractical.

i

2A

intimidating

intimidante

an intimidating array of weapons

k

2A

kindly

amable

a kindly old lady

l

2A

lifespan

duración de una vida/ promedio de vida

l

2A

lobby

recepción

The average human lifespan in the developed countries has increased over the last hundred years. Let's meet in the lobby of the hotel.

m 2A

marked

acentuado / a

The president spoke with passion for an hour, in marked contrast to his subdued address to the parliament yesterday.

m 2A

mathematical

matemática

a mathematical formula

m 2A

mega-

mega

megacomputer/mega-savant

m 2A

memorise

memorizar

When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week.

m 2A

motor

motriz

He has poor motor control/functions.

m 2A

mutter

murmurar

Stop muttering and speak up!

n

2A

neck

cuello

He had the thickest neck I'd ever seen.

o

2A

Oscar-winning

ganadora de un Oscar

She is an Oscar-winning actress.

p

2A

painter

pintor

J.M.W. Turner is one of Britain's bestknown landscape painters.

p

2A

possess

poseer

I don't possess a single DVD.

p

2A

prove

resultar

That theory was proved false.

s

2A

savant

persona con memoria y habilidades inusuales

savant syndrome

s

2A

scan

éscaner / exploración

an ultrasound scan

s

2A

screenwriter

guionista cinematográfico

Who is the best young screenwriter?

s

2A

seek out

buscar

While he was at the library, Steve decided to seek out some information on accommodation in the area. He shuffled into the kitchen, leaning on his walking stick.

s

2A

shuffle

arrastrar (los pies)

s

2A

simultaneously

simultáneamente

I was trying to do three things simultaneously.

s

2A

socially

socialmente

Socially, she's a disaster - she's always offending someone or picking a fight.

t

2A

temporal lobe

lóbulo temporal

the temporal lobe of the brain

t

2A

theory

teoría

Darwin's theory of evolution

t

2A

thoroughly

profundamente

I thoroughly enjoyed the performance.

u

2A

uncertain

incierto / a

New arrivals face an uncertain future.

u

2A

unconditional

incondicional

the unconditional love that one has for one's child

u

2A

unsuitable

inadecuado / a

Completely unsuitable candidates were screened out at the first interview.

u

2A

urge

instar

Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action.

v

2A

variable

variable

a variable interest rate

w 2A

whom

quien

I met a man with whom I used to work.

a

2B

adorable

adorable

She has the most adorable two-year-old girl.

b

2B

backwater

remanso de agua

We tied the boat up in a quiet backwater overnight.

b

2B

beard

barba

a flowing white beard

b

2B

breath-taking

impresionante

a breath-taking view

c

2B

cabin

cabaña

a log cabin

c

2B

canal

canal

c

2B

canoe

canoa

The Panama Canal provides a crucial shipping link between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. We travelled in a canoe.

c

2B

cathedral

catedral

Salisbury Cathedral

c

2B

channel

canal

a cable/terrestrial channel

c

2B

chaotic

caótico / a

c

2B

chuck

tirar

The house is a bit chaotic at the moment - we've got all these extra people staying and we're still decorating. Chuck it over there/into the corner.

c

2B

clumsy

patoso / a

That's the third glass you've smashed this week, - you're so clumsy!

c

2B

cluster

grupo

Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph.

c

2B

coconut milk

leche de coco

This curry contains coconut milk.

c

2B

contemporary

comtemporáneo / a

contemporary music/literature/art/fashion

c

2B

curry

curry

a hot curry

d

2B

delightful

encantador / a

His sister is a delightful girl.

e

2B

enchanting

mágico / a

It's described in the guide book as 'an enchanting medieval city'.

e

2B

exotic

exótico / a

exotic flowers/food/designs

e

2B

eye-mask

antifaz

I always wear an eye-mask in bed.

f

2B

flooding

inundaciones

Some roads have been closed because of flooding.

f

2B

footstep

paso

Walking along the darkened street, he heard footsteps close behind him.

f

2B

forehead

frente

She wiped the beads of sweat from her forehead.

g

2B

glide

deslizar

The boat glided silently across the lake.

h

2B

hammock

hamaca

He loved sleeping in his hammock.

h

2B

hang

colgarse

I hung from the window with my fingertips.

h

2B

healthcare

sanidad

Healthcare workers are some of the lowest paid people in the country.

h

2B

hypnotic

hipnotizante/hipnótico / a

The beauty of the place was hypnotic.

i

2B

inexpensive

barato / a

It's an inexpensive perfume.

l

2B

lagoon

laguna

a tropical lagoon

l

2B

lick

lamer

He licked the chocolate off his fingers.

l

2B

lifetime

transcurso de una vida

l

2B

log

tronco

We'll see a tremendous lot of technological changes during/in our lifetime. a log cabin

m 2B

marble

mármol

a marble floor/statue

m 2B

massive

enorme

They've got a massive house.

m 2B

medieval

medieval

a medieval building/painting/town

m 2B

Mediterranean

Mediterránea

Mediterranean cuisine

m 2B

metallic

metálico

Our new car is metallic blue.

m 2B

monsoon

monzón

m 2B

must-

debe ( verse)

The failure of the monsoon would destroy harvests on which 1000 million people rely. It's moderately entertaining but it's certainly not a must-see film.

n

2B

net

red

a fishing net

o

2B

oil

aceite de baño

bath oil

p

2B

pancake

crep

Do you want a sweet pancake or a savoury one?

p

2B

picture-book

libro con ilustraciones

the picture-book English countryside

p

2B

plentiful

abundante

Strawberries are plentiful in the summer.

p

2B

pour

servir/verter

I spilled the juice while I was pouring it.

p

2B

preserve

conservar

We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.

r

2B

revolting

repugnante

a revolting smell of rotting cabbage

r

2B

round-necked

cuello redondo

a round-necked T-shirt

r

2B

rustic

rústico / a

a rustic bench/cabin

s

2B

scruffy

de aspecto dejado

a small, scruffy-looking man

s

2B

sip

sorber

This tea is very hot, so sip it carefully.

s

2B

snow-capped

cubierta de nieve

snow-capped mountains

s

2B

spice

especia

Cinnamon, ginger and cloves are all spices.

s

2B

sprawling

irregulares/extenderse desorganizadamente

sprawling suburbs

s

2B

stark

austero / a

s

2B

stopover

escala

It was a stark room with its white walls, and a bed and chair as the only furniture. Our tickets to Australia include a stopover for two nights in Singapore.

s

2B

strain

tensión

Their constant arguments were putting a strain on their marriage.

s

2B

straw

paja

Why don't you drink your milkshake through a straw?

s

2B

stretch

extenderse

The Andes stretch for 7250 km along the west coast of South America.

s

2B

stupid-looking

de aspecto idiota

a stupid-looking animal

s

2B

sun-roof

techo corredizo/techo plegable

My new car has a sun-roof.

s

2B

superbly-acted

muy bien interpretado

It is a superbly-acted drama.

s

2B

supper

cena

We usually have tea at about 5.30 p.m., then supper before we go to bed.

t

2B

teeth

dientes

I brush my teeth three times a day.

t

2B

tuck into

atacar

t

2B

turquoise

turquesa

Judging by the way they tucked into their dinner, they must have been very hungry. the clear turquoise water of the bay

u

2B

unspoilt

no estropeado / a

The mansion is set in 90 acres of beautiful, unspoilt countryside.

v

2B

vegetation

vegetación

The railway track will have to be cleared of vegetation if it is to be used again.

v

2B

vibrant

vibrante/vivo / a

a vibrant city

v

2B

Victorian

Victoriano / a

a Victorian terraced house

w 2B

well-decorated

bien decorado

He has a very well-decorated house.

w 2B

well-written

bien escrita

Her latest novel is very well-written.

w 2B

wonderfully

(ir) de maravilla

This sauce goes wonderfully well with fish, asparagus or new potatoes.

b

2C

bustling

animado / a

c

2C

coastal

costera

This used to be a bustling town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years. a coastal town

c

2C

contribute

contribuir

Smoking contributed to his early death.

d

2C

diverse

diverso / a

d

2C

diversity

diversidad

e

2C

explore

explorar

Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country? to explore space

f

2C

fairytale

cuento de hadas

They had a fairytale wedding.

g

2C

glimpse

ver fugazmente

I only caught a fleeting glimpse of the driver of the getaway car, but I doubt I would recognize her if I saw her again.

i

2C

intriguing

intrigante

an intriguing possibility/question

m 2C

meandering

serpenteado

a meandering river

m 2C

modernity

modernidad

n

nail scissors

tijeras de uñas

There is a stark contrast between tradition and modernity on the streets of the city. silver nail scissors

2C

n

2C

nor

tampoco

"I've never been to Iceland." "Nor have I."

n

2C

northwest

noroeste

the sale of the company's northwest division

o

2C

open-air

al aire libre

an open-air concert/market

p

2C

port

puerto

a naval/fishing/container port

q

2C

quaint

pintoresco / a

a quaint old cottage

r

2C

region

región

the semi-desert regions of Australia

r

2C

rugged

escabroso / a

rugged landscape/terrain/hills/cliffs

s

2C

seaside

de playa

a seaside holiday/hotel/resort

s

2C

southwest

suroeste

I come from the southwest part of the island.

s

2C

splendour

esplendor

s

2C

sporting

deportivo

They bought a decaying 16th-century manor house and restored it to its original splendour. The Olympics is the biggest sporting event in the world.

s

2C

stately

majestuoso / a

stately homes

s

2C

superbly

magníficamente

The orchestra played superbly.

s

2C

surround

rodear

Snow-capped mountains surround the city.

t

2C

timelessness

sentido de atemporalidad

Rothko's paintings have a unique timelessness.

u

2C

upon

tras

hours upon hours

v

2C

vibrancy

vitalidad

No one can fail to be struck by the vibrancy of New York.

v

2C

vitamin

vitamina

a vitamin pill

w 2C

walled

amurallado / a

Why not visit the beautiful walled city of York?

w 2C

warden

guardián

a dog warden

w 2C

wealth

mucha / abundante

Jim has a wealth of teaching experience.

w 2C

woodland

bosque

a

3A

accolade

reconocimiento

The Forestry Commission is responsible for preserving over 2 million acres of woodland. This is his centennial year and he's been granted the ultimate accolade - his face on a set of three postage stamps.

a

3A

amongst

entre

Relax, you're amongst friends.

a

3A

aspect

aspecto

Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?

a

3A

astonish

asombrar

What astonished me was that he didn't seem to mind.

b

3A

beyond

más alla

She is, beyond question, the best actress of her generation.

b

3A

bitterly

con resentimiento

He was bitterly disappointed not to get the job.

b

3A

bluff

farolear

Is he going to jump or is he only bluffing?

c

3A

cautious

prudente

He's a cautious driver.

c

3A

conclude

finalizar

She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility.

c

3A

consciously

conscientemente

I don't think she's consciously rude to people - it's just her manner.

c

3A

couch

sofá

She sat down on the couch.

d

3A

depressing

deprimente

I find this weather so depressing.

d

3A

distress

ansiedad

She claimed that the way she had been treated at work had caused her extreme emotional and psychological distress.

d

3A

dominate

dominar

He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting.

e

3A

exhilaration

alegría

I had a fantastic feeling of exhilaration when I won the race.

e

3A

experiment

experimento

Some people believe that experiments on animals should be banned.

e

3A

extravagant

extravagante

the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star

f

3A

finicky

minucioso / a

Repairing watches must be a very finicky job.

f

3A

finishing line

meta

g

3A

gullible

crédulo / a

i

3A

impetuous

impetuoso / a

The winner crossed the finishing line 9 seconds before the second-placed runner. There are any number of miracle cures on the market for people gullible enough to buy them. He's so impetuous - why can't he think things over before he rushes into them?

i

3A

impostor

impostor

i

3A

inwardly

interiormente

k

3A

kicked-in-the-guts

patada en el estómago

I can clearly remember the kicked-in-theguts feeling I had when I lost my job.

l

3A

lack

carecer

He just lacks a little confidence.

m 3A

meticulous

meticuloso / a

Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.

n

3A

nagging

persistente

a nagging feeling

p

3A

podium

podio

Tears ran down her face as she stood on the winner's podium.

r

3A

rival

rival

He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20 marks.

s

3A

self-awareness

conocimiento de uno mismo

I think I have good self-awareness.

s

3A

sheer

puro / absoluto

The suggestion is sheer nonsense.

s

3A

similarly

igualmente

s

3A

spectrum

espectro

Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly (= in a similar way), bicycles should stop too. A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting.

s

3A

spontaneous

espontáneo / a

She's such a spontaneous, lively woman.

s

3A

spotlight

centro de atención

s

3A

spray

rociar

The senator has been in the spotlight recently since the revelation of his tax frauds. She sprayed herself with perfume.

s

3A

supremely

sumamente

He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, as if he had no right to be there. He was inwardly relieved that the test was cancelled.

Wales are supremely confident of winning the match.

s

3A

syndrome

síndrome

It's a classic case of the boredhousewife syndrome - she's got nothing to do all day except drink and go shopping. I can tailor my working hours to suit my lifestyle.

t

3A

tailor

acoplar/adaptar

t

3A

thrifty

austero / a

They have plenty of money now, but they still tend to be thrifty.

t

3A

tight-fisted

tacaño / a

Don't imagine Gillian'll buy you a drink she's too tight-fisted.

t

3A

timid

tímido /a

Lucy is a rather timid child.

t

3A

trait

rasgo

His sense of humour is one of his better traits.

t

3A

triumph

triunfo

t

3A

trusting

confiado / a

The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity. The child gave a lovely, trusting smile.

u

3A

unfounded

infundado / a

I'm pleased to see that our fears about the weather proved totally unfounded.

u

3A

unquestionable

hecho indiscutible

The fact that everyone will die someday is one of the unquestionables of life.

u

3A

utterly

completamente

What an utterly stupid thing to do!

v

3A

victory

victoria

v

3A

vividly

claramente

The Redskins opened the season by scoring a resounding/stunning/impressive 25-3 victory against/over Detroit. I vividly remember my first day at school.

w 3A

wolf

lobo

Wolves hunt in groups known as packs.

a

3B

amaze

sorprender

It amazes me that she's got the energy for all those parties.

a

3B

associate

asociar

Most people associate this brand with good quality.

b

3B

blocked (up)

tapado / a

I've got a blocked (up) nose.

c

3B

cheer up

animarse

She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.

c

3B

colourful

de colores vivos

a colourful painting

d

3B

depression

depresión

I was overwhelmed by feelings of depression.

h

3B

hygiene

higiene

Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast.

m 3B

moderate

mediana

The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family.

p

3B

path

camino

The path to success is fraught with difficulties.

p

3B

physically

físicamente

Physically I find him very attractive.

p

3B

punishing

agotador / a

Currently she has a punishing schedule of five presentations a day.

r

3B

rarely

raramente

We rarely see each other now.

s

3B

seldom

rara vez

Now that we have a baby, we seldom get the chance to go to the cinema.

s

3B

stroke

derrame cerebral

She suffered/had a stroke which left her unable to speak.

s

3B

sunlight

luz del sol

a ray/beam/shaft/pool of sunlight

s

3B

swell (up)

hinchar

t

3B

treadmill

cinta para correr

It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up). There are ten treadmills in the gym.

z

3B

zip

ir rápido

I'm just going to zip along to the shops I won't be long.

a

3C

athletic

atlético / a

She looks very athletic.

d

3C

discount

descuento

They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.

e

3C

economical

no decir toda ( la verdad)

I was being economical with the truth.

e

3C

enthuse

entusiasmado / a

He was enthusing over a wonderful restaurant he'd been to.

f

3C

fanatic

fanático / a

a fitness/film fanatic

f

3C

fussy

recargado / a

h

3C

hairstyle

peinado

They've got those curtains that tie up with big bows - they're a bit fussy for my taste. Do you like my new hairstyle?

h

3C

handmade

hecho a mano

handmade chocolates/paper/shoes

h

3C

hearing

oído

My father is quite old now and he's increasingly hard of hearing.

h

3C

heating

calefacción

Is the heating on?

h

3C

hundred-year-old

centenario

There's a hundred-year-old tree in the garden.

i

3C

ideal

ideal

the ideal employer

o

3C

occurrence

acontecimiento

Street-fights are an everyday occurrence in this area of the city.

s

3C

senior citizen

ciudadano de edad avanzada Discounts are available for senior citizens.

t

3C

tactful

diplomático / a

Mentioning his baldness wasn't very tactful.

t

3C

ten kilometre

diez kilómetros

a ten kilometre road race

a

4A

aviation

aviación

the British Civil Aviation Authority

b

4A

bug

pinchado / a

c

4A

civilised

civilizado / a

She suspected that her phone had been bugged (= that a listening device had been hidden inside it). A fair justice system is a fundamental part of a civilised society.

c

4A

costume drama

novela de época

I love watching costume dramas on TV.

c

4A

coverage

cobertura

What did you think of the BBC's election coverage?

d

4A

defendant

acusado

The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent.

d

4A

device

aparato

d

4A

district

distrito

Rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. South Cambridgeshire District Council

e

4A

extraordinary

increíble

He told the extraordinary story of his escape.

f

4A

fact-based

basado / a en hechos reales

a fact-based novel

f

4A

forbid

prohibir

The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.

f

4A

formula

fórmula

There's no magic formula for success.

g

4A

glossy

ilustrado

a glossy magazine

h

4A

height

pico (temporada alta)

August is the height of the tourist season.

i

4A

immigrant

inmigrante

a large immigrant population

i

4A

intellectually

intelectualmente

She's hoping to find a job which is more demanding intellectually.

l

4A

lawsuit

litigio

Two of the directors have brought/filed a lawsuit against their former employer.

l

4A

legally

legalmente

Children under sixteen are not legally allowed to buy cigarettes.

l

4A

legitimate

legítimo / a

He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense.

l

4A

libel

difamación

She threatened to sue the magazine for libel.

m 4A

measure

medida

What further measures can we take to avoid terrorism?

m 4A

minister

ministro

the foreign/health minister

n

4A

newly

reciente

the newly formed residents' association

o

4A

objection

objección

Her objection to/against the plan is based on incorrect facts.

p

4A

percent

por ciento

You got 20 percent of the answers right that means one in every five.

p

4A

poke fun

reirse de

Stop poking fun at your sister.

p

4A

premium

suplemento

We're willing to pay a premium for the best location.

p

4A

press release

comunicado de prensa

The minister issued a press release shortly after her resignation.

p

4A

programming schedule programación

p

4A

proposal

propuesta

r

4A

restriction

restricción

I am responsible for the station's programming schedule. Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the president. import/export/currency restrictions

r

4A

ridiculous

ridículo / a

Do I look ridiculous in this hat?

r

4A

ruling

sentencia

The court has made a final ruling on the case that the companies acted illegally.

s

4A

satisfaction

compensación

You've sold me a faulty product and I demand satisfaction.

s

4A

seek

buscar

Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.

s

4A

settle for

conformarse con

They were hoping to sell their car for £2000, but settled for £1500.

s

4A

sue

demandar

t

4A

token

ficha

He was so furious about the accusations in the letter that he threatened to sue. a metal/plastic token

u

4A

undergo

someterse a

u

4A

unfaithful

infiel

u

4A

user-generated

creado por el usuario

user-generated content

v

4A

verge

a punto de

w 4A

wall

pared

a

4B

acquire

adquirir

on the verge of collapse/success/tears/death/disaster/w ar The walls in this apartment are so thin you can hear just about every word the neighbours say. As people grow older, their faces acquire more character.

a

4B

apparent

aparente

a

4B

astronaut

astronauta

b

4B

base on

basado / a en

The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.

b

4B

bustle

bullicio

c

4B

cancerous

canceroso / a

I sat in a café watching the (hustle and) bustle (= busy activity) of the street outside. a cancerous growth/tumour

c

4B

cell

célula

DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.

c

4B

cholera

cólera

Hundreds died of cholera.

Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship. If a man was unfaithful to me I'd leave him no matter what the circumstances.

I was on the metro this morning when for no apparent reason the man opposite suddenly screamed. When I was young, I wanted to be an astronaut.

c

4B

circumstance

circunstancia

c

4B

coin

moneda

Obviously we can't deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances. a 10p/ten pence coin

c

4B

commerce

comercio

the world of commerce and industry

c

4B

creature

animal/criatura

Rain forests are filled with amazing creatures.

d

4B

development

desarrollo

Technological developments have changed the shape of industry.

d

4B

diagnostic

diagnóstico

diagnostic techniques/tests

e

4B

earthling

terrícola

e

4B

engine

motor

The film tells the story of a group of aliens who come to Earth to study earthlings. a jet engine

e

4B

exasperating

exasperante

It's so exasperating when he won't listen to a word that I say.

e

4B

exploration

exploración

f

4B

forerunner

precursor

g

4B

gadget

aparato

Livingstone was the first European to make an exploration of the Zambezi river. Germany's Green party was said to be the forerunner of environmental parties throughout Europe. kitchen gadgets

g

4B

gaze

comtemplar

Annette gazed admiringly at Warren as he spoke.

g

4B

geek

persona peculiar

He's such a geek.

g

4B

govern

regir

Prices of goods are governed by the cost of the raw materials, as well as by the cost of production and distribution.

g

4B

grain

grano

grains of wheat/rice

h

4B

habitat

habitat

h

4B

herd

rebaño

With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat. a herd of cattle/elephants/goats

h

4B

historian

historiador

Her father was an eminent historian.

h

4B

homo urbanus

hombre civilizado

Homo sapiens have become homo urbanus.

h

4B

hub

centro

The City of London is the hub of Britain's financial world.

i

4B

improvement

mejora

a slight improvement in the economy

i

4B

Inc.

Sociedad Anónima

Bishop Computer Services Inc.

i

4B

infuriating

irritante

It's infuriating when people keep spelling your name wrong, isn't it?

i

4B

innovation

novedad

the latest innovations in computer technology

l

4B

lengthen

alargar

There is a plan to lengthen the threeyear course to four years.

m 4B

majority

mayoría

The majority of the employees have university degrees.

m 4B

millennia

milenio

The book is a history of the last two millennia.

m 4B

misgovernment

mal gobierno

A decade of misgovernment has bankrupted the country.

m 4B

multitude

multitud

o

4B

obstinate

tozudo / a

The city has a multitude of problems, from homelessness to drugs and murder. He can be very obstinate at times.

p

4B

palm

palma

This tiny device fits into the palm of your hand.

p

4B

pestilence

plaga

Thousands were killed by the pestilence.

p

4B

precede

preceder

p

4B

process

tramitar

Boutros Boutros-Ghali preceded Kofi Annan as the Secretary-General of the UN. Visa applications take 28 days to process.

r

4B

reckless

temerario-a

He was found guilty of reckless driving.

r

4B

rural

rural

The area is still very rural and undeveloped.

s

4B

scale

magnitud

We don't yet know the scale of the problem.

s

4B

settlement

asentamiento

A large Roman settlement has been discovered just outside the town.

s

4B

shape

forma

We watched the vase begin to take shape in the potter's hands.

s

4B

sophistication

sofisticación

Her sophistication is evident from the way she dresses.

s

4B

standstill

paralización

s

4B

succumb

sucumbir

The runaway bus eventually came to a standstill when it rolled into a muddy field. Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months.

t

4B

technological

tecnológico

Technological advances in computing and telecommunications will reduce the need for many people to travel to work.

t

4B

transform

transformarse

t

4B

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself into a radiant star. Tuberculosis is a very serious disease.

u

4B

uneducated

inculto

an uneducated man

u

4B

unexpectedly

inesperadamente

I met her unexpectedly in a coffee shop.

u

4B

urban

urbano

urban development

v

4B

varied

variado / a

a varied group of people

v

4B

vehicle

vehículo

A truck driver died last night when his vehicle overturned.

v

4B

villager

aldeano

All of the villagers attended the local festival.

w 4B

wisely

saviamente

Sian had very wisely left the party before all the trouble started.

a

4C

avert

evitar

to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine

b

4C

belly

parte de abajo (fuselaje de un avión )

The belly of the aircraft was painted red.

b

4C

brash

presuntuoso/vulgar/ chillona

Don't you think that suit's a bit brash for a funeral?

b

4C

broadsheet

diario serio / respetable

c

4C

Capt

capitán

In Britain, the broadsheets are generally believed to be more serious than the tabloids. Capt Walter Raleigh

c

4C

catastrophe

catástrofe

They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.

c

4C

circulation

circulación

The paper has a circulation of 150 000.

c

4C

crash-land

aterrizaje forzoso

The jet crash-landed and burst into flames.

c

4C

crisp

incisivo / a

a crisp reply

d

4C

detach

desprender/separar

You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it.

d

4C

distinction

distinción

There's a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two regions.

d

4C

downmarket

barato y de baja calidad

a downmarket tabloid newspaper

e

4C

evacuate

evacuar

A thousand people were evacuated from their homes following the floods.

f

4C

format

formato

The format of the magazine has changed.

g

4C

grassy

cubierto / a de césped

a grassy slope/hillside

h

4C

heroic

heroico

My great grandfather was a heroic soldier.

i

4C

in tune

en sintonia

Much of his success comes from being in tune with what his customers want.

i

4C

injury

lesión

a head/back/knee injury

j

4C

jet

a reacción

a jet plane

l

4C

layout

distribución

I like the layout of the house.

m 4C

middle-of-the-road

moderado / a

middle-of-the-road pop music

n

4C

nonetheless

aún así

p

4C

Prof.

profesora

There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return. Prof. Tina Pritchard

r

4C

red-top

prensa sensacionalista

I read the red-tops every morning.

r

4C

runway

pista

s

4C

saxophone

saxofón

The environmentalists protested against the government's decision to build a third runway at the airport. My father plays the saxophone.

s

4C

skid

patinar

Trevor's bus skidded on some ice and hit a tree.

s

4C

slide

tobogán

an emergency slide

s

4C

snappy

pegadizo y con estilo

They're looking for a snappy slogan to communicate the campaign's message.

s

4C

so-called

llamado / a

It isn't yet clear how destructive this socalled 'super virus' is.

s

4C

splash

artículo para captar la atención

The newspaper's splash is usually a business story.

s

4C

St

calle

My address is 19 East Norwood St.

s

4C

swoop

descender en picado

The eagle swooped down to snatch a young rabbit.

t

4C

tabloid

prensa sensacionalista

the tabloid press

t

4C

Tues

martes

See you on Tues.

u

4C

undercarriage

tren de aterrizaje

an aircraft undercarriage

a

5A

admirer

admirador

She's got plenty of admirers.

a

5A

allegedly

según dice

That's where he allegedly killed his wife.

b

5A

bulk

grueso

In fact, the bulk of the book is taken up with criticizing other works.

c

5A

'can-do' attitude

actitud positiva

Her 'can-do' attitude is what made her our choice for the job.

c

5A

captivate

cautivar

With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

c

5A

concentrate

concentrar

Come on, concentrate! We haven't got all day to do this.

c

5A

counter-attack

contraataque

c

5A

counterbalance

contrapeso

c

5A

courtier

cortesano

The rebels have launched a strong counter-attack against the government forces. Her calm nature served as a natural counterbalance to his excitable personality. Many of the courtiers were upset by the princess's resistance to tradition.

d

5A

detract from

restar importancia

All that make-up she wears actually detracts from her beauty, I think.

d

5A

drudgery

trabajo pesado y monótono

the drudgery of housework

f

5A

fetch

alcanzar

f

5A

flash

brillar

Could you fetch me my glasses/fetch my glasses for me from the other room, please? The lightning flashed and distant thunder rolled.

g

5A

gatekeeper

portero

social gatekeepers

g

5A

genuine

auténtico / a

g

5A

glamour

encanto

Machiko looked at me in genuine surprise - "Are you really going?" she said. Who can resist the glamour of Hollywood?

h

5A

humble

humilde

He's very humble about his success.

i

5A

interaction

interacción

There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.

i

5A

interlocked

entrelazado / a

interlocked paving

l

5A

laundry

ropa sucia

I've got to do my laundry.

l

5A

limo

limosina

I arrived at the party in a limo.

o

5A

opposition

oposición

There is a lot of opposition to the proposed changes.

o

5A

originate

originar

o

5A

overhead

por encima

Although the technology originated in the UK, it has been developed in the US. A flock of geese flew overhead.

o

5A

overworked

saturado de trabajo

an overworked civil servant

p

5A

powerful

poderoso / a

The President is more powerful than the Prime Minister.

p

5A

premiere

estreno

p

5A

principal

protagonista principal

p

5A

profession

profesión

The world premiere of the opera will be at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. None of the principals in the production received any payment for their performances. He left the teaching profession in 1965 to set up his own business.

p

5A

proximity

proximidad

The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.

p

5A

pseud(o)-

pseudo

pseudo-friendship

r

5A

recurrent

recurrente

r

5A

round-the-clock

dia y noche ( las 24 horas)

LeFanu suffered all his life from a recurrent nightmare that he was trapped in a falling house. She needed round-the-clock nursing.

r

5A

rub shoulders (with)

codearse con

She claims that she rubs shoulders with royalty all the time.

s

5A

sacrifice

sacrificar

Many women sacrifice interesting careers for their family.

s

5A

selfless

desinteresado / a

selfless devotion to duty

s

5A

semi-

semi

semi-circle/semi-famous

s

5A

skimmed

desnatada

skimmed milk

s

5A

spouse

esposa

In 60% of the households surveyed both spouses went out to work.

s

5A

stardom

estrellato / fama

From childhood, Britney Spears seemed destined for stardom.

s

5A

stepping stone

trampolín

I see this job just as a stepping stone to better things.

s

5A

stupor

estupor

He was lying under the table in a drunken stupor.

s

5A

superficial

superficial

He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial.

s

5A

superwoman

supermujer

She said that she was tired of being expected to be a superwoman.

s

5A

supplement

complementar

He supplements his income by working in a bar in the evening.

t

5A

the Internet

Internet

I found out about the bombings from/on the Internet.

t

5A

tightly

estrechamente

Many commuters are forced to stand, tightly packed in, like sardines.

t

5A

trivial

trivial

I don't know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial.

t

5A

trusted

de confianza

She is my most trusted friend.

u

5A

underfoot

debajo de los pies

The grass was cool and pleasant underfoot.

v

5A

vain

vanidoso / a

He was very vain about his hair and his clothes.

y

5A

yourselves

vosotros mismos

Did you make the dresses yourselves?

c

5B

cerebral palsy

parálisis cerebral

He suffers from cerebral palsy.

c

5B

champion

campeón

an Olympic champion

c

5B

coordinate

coordinar

Cerebral palsy affects the sufferer's ability to coordinate body movements.

c

5B

curriculum

curriculum

the school curriculum

d

5B

debut album

primer album

His debut album was released in January 2008.

d

5B

dressage

adiestramiento de caballos

a dressage competition

e

5B

enrol

matricularse en

I enrolled for/in/on the modern art course.

e

5B

exceptional

excepcional

exceptional powers of concentration

f

5B

focus

foco

h

5B

horse-riding

montar a caballo

The main focus of interest at the fashion show was Christian Lacroix's outrageous evening wear. I enjoyed horse-riding when I was young.

i

5B

intend

tener la intención

We intend to go to Australia next year.

n

5B

necessitate

requerir

o

5B

optional

opcional

Reduction in government spending will necessitate further cuts in public services. English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.

o

5B

overspend

gastar más de la cuenta

The council seems likely to overspend this year.

p

5B

paralympics

paralímpicos

The Paralympic Games are held in a different country on each occasion.

r

5B

rapper

rapero

Who is your favourite rapper?

r

5B

regardless

a pesar de

r

5B

restless

inquieto / a

She knew it was dangerous to visit him except at night, but she set out regardless (of the risk). He's a restless type - he never stays in one country for long.

s

5B

secondary

secundaria

secondary education

s

5B

standard

nivel

This essay is not of an acceptable standard - do it again.

u

5B

unaided

sin ayuda

Since his accident, he hasn't been able to walk unaided.

v

5B

visualise

visualizar

I was so surprised when he turned up I'd visualised someone much older.

a

5C

accepted

aceptado / a

The idea is not accepted (= approved of) in political circles.

a

5C

achievement

éxito/logro

An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young.

b

5C

bonus

bono

a productivity bonus

c

5C

chap

tipo

He's a friendly sort of a chap.

c

5C

checkout

caja

Your fruit and vegetables will be weighed at the checkout.

c

5C

concede

admitir

The Government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster.

c

5C

counter-argument

contraargumento

He came up with an excellent counterargument.

c

5C

crèche

guardería

Does your employer provide a crèche?

d

5C

dead-end job

sin futuro

I am planning to escape from my deadend job.

d

5C

dubious

sospechoso / a

I'm dubious about his promises to change his ways.

f

5C

forgive

perdonar

i

5C

inheritance

herencia

I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time. The large inheritance from his aunt meant that he could buy his own boat.

i

5C

inseparable

inseparable

When we were kids Zoe and I were inseparable.

j

5C

justify

justificar

I can't really justify taking another day off work.

m 5C

minimum wage

salario mínimo

It is very difficult to survive on the minimum wage.

m 5C

misguided

desacertado / a

He was shot as he made a misguided attempt to stop the robbers singlehanded.

p

5C

prior

previo / a

The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish.

p

5C

provision

suministro

The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area.

r

5C

relieved

aliviado / a

I'm so relieved to find you - I thought you'd already gone.

r

5C

retirement

jubilación

Many teachers over the age of 50 are taking early retirement.

r

5C

rut

rutina aburrida

s

5C

settle in

instalarse

I've got to change jobs - after 15 years here I feel I'm (stuck) in a rut (= I'm bored). Once we've settled in, you must come round for dinner.

s

5C

shadow

acompañar

s

5C

sleepover

pasar la noche en casa de alguien

s

5C

snowed under

estar inundado de

I'm absolutely snowed under with work at the moment.

s

5C

stuck

estancado / a

I'm stuck in a rut (= I'm bored).

s

5C

subsequent

posterior

t

5C

telephone

teléfono

The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government. a telephone survey

a

6A

advancement

ascenso

All she was interested in was the advancement of her own career.

a

6A

amusing

divertido / a

an amusing story/person/situation

a

6A

anti-social

antisocial

anti-social behaviour

a

6A

archive

archivo

archive film/footage/material

b

6A

basket

cesto

a shopping/picnic basket

b

6A

boundary

frontera/límites

c

6A

charming

encantador / a

Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias. We had dinner with our director and his charming wife.

c

6A

corridor

pasillo

Your first week in the job will be spent shadowing one of our more experienced employees. Let's have a sleepover at my house.

Her office is at the end of the corridor.

c

6A

cow

vaca

a dairy cow

c

6A

cunningly

astutamente

He behaved very cunningly.

d

6A

decidedly

sin duda

An agreement is looking decidedly difficult according to the newspapers.

d

6A

disaffected

insatisfecho / a

The party needs to take steps to attract disaffected voters.

d

6A

distinctly

claramente

She looks distinctly fitter these days.

d

6A

duck

pato

Let's go and feed the ducks.

e

6A

exit

salida

a fire exit

e

6A

extensive

extenso / a

extensive repairs to the motorway

f

6A

facial

facial

facial hair

f

6A

feedback

comentario/reacción

Have you had any feedback from customers about the new soap?

f

6A

furthermore

además

h

6A

hallway

vestíbulo

I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers - they're good and furthermore they're cheap. I walked through the door and into the hallway.

h

6A

hardly

apenas

I could hardly hear her at the back.

h

6A

heel

tacón

high-heeled shoes

h

6A

held

sustentado / a

firmly held beliefs

h

6A

hooligan

gamberro

Hooligans had sprayed paint all over the car.

h

6A

hop

saltar

The rabbit/bird hopped across the grass.

i

6A

illustrate

ilustrar

The lecturer illustrated his point with a diagram on the blackboard.

i

6A

inability

incapacidad

k

6A

kitten

gatito / a

Inability to use a computer is a serious disadvantage when you are applying for jobs. I'm going to buy my daughter a kitten for her birthday.

m 6A

marginally

ligeramente

marginally more expensive

m 6A

matching

que hace juego

a green dress with matching green handbag

m 6A

mechanism

mecanismo

She's actually rather insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism.

m 6A

mental

mental

His physical and mental health had got worse.

m 6A

mindset

disposición

to have a different/the same mindset

o

6A

out-do

sobrepasar

He always tries to out-do everybody else in the class.

p

6A

participant

participante

The students claim to be willing participants in the experiment.

p

6A

patrol

patrullado / a

The whole town is patrolled by police because of the possibility of riots.

p

6A

pebble

de piedras

This part of the coast has pebble beaches.

p

6A

peculiar

peculiar

She has the most peculiar ideas.

p

6A

perform

realizar

Computers can perform a variety of tasks.

p

6A

perk

ventaja

p

6A

phenomenon

fenómeno

A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job. Do you believe in the paranormal and other psychic phenomena?

p

6A

pittance

miseria

He works hard but he's paid a pittance.

p

6A

pond

estanque

a duck pond

p

6A

professor

profesor

Professor Stephen Hawking

p

6A

push

empujar

push boundaries

q

6A

quack

graznido

I heard quacks coming from the pond.

q

6A

quirky

extravagante

He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour.

r

6A

regard

considerar

Her parents always regarded her as the cleverest of their children.

r

6A

relaxing

relajante

a relaxing holiday

r

6A

reverse

al revés

To stop the engine, you repeat the same procedures, but in reverse.

r

6A

run-of-the-mill

moderado / a

He gave a fairly run-of-the-mill speech.

s

6A

shopper

comprador

crowds of Christmas shoppers

s

6A

significantly

significativamente

s

6A

somewhat

un tanto

My piano playing has improved significantly since I've had a new teacher. She's somewhat more confident than she used to be.

s

6A

speciality

especialidad

s

6A

stuffed toy

muñeco de peluche

s

6A

stylish

elegante

The film's direction is subtle and stylish.

s

6A

subconscious

subconsciente

The memory was buried deep within my subconscious.

s

6A

submission

presentación

The final deadline for submissions is February 21st.

s

6A

sugary

dulce

all those sugary snacks that kids eat

s

6A

supporter

seguidor

Thousands of supporters have travelled to London for the cup final.

s

6A

sweater

jersey

Put a sweater on if you're cold.

u

6A

unaware

inconsciente

I was quite unaware of the problem.

u

6A

unrelated

no relacionado / a

Police said his death was unrelated to the attack.

w 6A

wrinkled

arrugado / a

a wrinkled face

a

6B

accumulation

acumulación

a

6B

adopt

adoptar

Despite this accumulation of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. I think it's time to adopt a different strategy in my dealings with him.

a

6B

advertiser

anunciante

The political economy of European integration is one of the professor's specialities. My baby daughter loves playing with her stuffed toys.

Whilst claiming to promote positive images of women, advertisers are in fact doing the very opposite.

a

6B

antagonise

enfadarse

It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonise him.

b

6B

billboard

valla publicitaria

an advertising billboard

b

6B

buzz

expectación

His new album is creating a real buzz in the music world.

c

6B

capsule

cápsula

The liquid is contained within a small capsule.

c

6B

catchphrase

eslogan

Advertising campaigns often use catchphrases.

c

6B

charitable

benéfico / a

a charitable foundation/organization/trust

c

6B

chart

gráfica

We need some sort of graph on which we can chart our progress.

c

6B

commercial

anuncio publicitario

a commercial break

c

6B

copywriter

redactor de material publicitario

We are advertising for a new copywriter.

c

6B

cynical

cínico / a

I've always been deeply cynical about politicians.

d

6B

deed

acciones

It seems to me that a lot of evil deeds are done in the name of religion.

d

6B

despise

odiar

The two groups despise each other.

d

6B

dislike

no gustar

I dislike walking and I hate the countryside.

e

6B

effectiveness

eficacia

e

6B

essay

disertación

There are doubts about the effectiveness of the new drug in treating the disease. For homework I want you to write an essay on endangered species.

e

6B

experimentation

experimento

Extensive experimentation (= testing) is needed before new drugs can be sold.

e

6B

expose

estar expuesto / a

About 800,000 children are exposed to poisons each year.

f

6B

forgivable

perdonable

a forgivable mistake

f

6B

fundraising

recaudación de fondos

The summer fête will be the school's main fundraising event this year.

g

6B

golden

dorado / a

the golden days of our youth

g

6B

gush

emanar

Her arm gushed blood where the knife had gone in.

h

6B

hype

despliegue/bombo publicitario

media hype

i

6B

image-conscious

consciente de la imagen

He's terribly image-conscious.

i

6B

imaginative

imaginativo / a

an imaginative new approach/policy

i

6B

informative

informativo / a

This is an interesting and highly informative book.

i

6B

intrusive

indiscreto / a

intrusive questioning

l

6B

leap

saltar

He leapt out of his car and ran towards the house.

l

6B

likewise

igualmente

Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.

l

6B

loathing

odio

The thought of him touching her filled her with deep loathing.

m 6B

manipulate

manipular

Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media.

m 6B

motivated

motivado / a

a racially-motivated murder

m 6B

much

muy

This is a much discussed issue.

o

6B

overcome

superar

o

6B

overuse

sobreusar

to overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistanc e I tend to overuse certain favourite expressions.

p

6B

previously

anteriormente

She was previously employed as a tour guide.

r

6B

racism

racismo

The authorities are taking steps to combat/fight/tackle racism in schools.

r

6B

refusal

rechazo

r

6B

renovation

reformas

Our request for permission to travel met with/received a flat/point-blank refusal from the authorities. The museum is closed for renovation.

r

6B

resistance

resistencia

resistance to disease

r

6B

roam

deambular

After the pubs close, gangs of youths roam the city streets.

s

6B

showing

proyección

This is the film's first showing on British television.

s

6B

sneaky

secreto / a

a sneaky plan

s

6B

sponsored

patrocinado / a

a sponsored run

s

6B

stealth

cautela

These thieves operate with terrifying stealth - they can easily steal from the pockets of unsuspecting travellers.

s

6B

swimming pool

piscina

an indoor/outdoor swimming pool

t

6B

tap

grifo

the hot/cold tap

t

6B

thereby

de este modo

u

6B

ultimately

finalmente

u

6B

unannounced

sin avisar

Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, thereby reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains. Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week. She appeared unannounced and took control of the meeting.

u

6B

unofficial

extraoficial

unofficial estimates/figures/reports

v

6B

visual

visual

visual stimulus/impact/abilities

w 6B

welfare

bienestar

The police are very concerned for the welfare of the missing child.

w 6B

well-being

sentirse bien

People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.

w 6B

whaling

caza de ballenas

Whaling is legal in some countries.

w 6B

witty

ingenioso / a

a witty comment/remark

w 6B

word-of-mouth

de palabra

w 6B

wristband

pulsera

All the orders were given by word of mouth so that no written evidence could be discovered later. a rubber wristband

a

6C

arrange

arreglar

She's arranged for her son to have swimming lessons.

a

6C

attend

asistir

Over two hundred people attended the funeral.

b

6C

beckon

llamar haciendo señas para que alguien se acerque

The customs official beckoned the woman to his counter.

b

6C

better-

más

She is better-looking (= more attractive) than her brother.

b

6C

blissful

feliz

a blissful childhood/holiday

b

6C

board room

junta directiva

Let's meet in the board room.

b

6C

burly

robusto / a

a burly policeman

c

6C

cajole

convencer con artimañas

He really knows how to cajole people into doing what he wants.

c

6C

celebration

celebración

There were lively New Year celebrations all over town.

c

6C

confession

confesión

I've got a bit of a confession to make I've lost that book you lent me.

c

6C

copywriting

derechos de autor

a copywriting course

d

6C

dance-floor

pista de baile

Have you seen him on the dance-floor (= dancing)?

d

6C

deceive

engañar

The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.

d

6C

disastrous

desastroso /a

Such a war would be disastrous for the country.

d

6C

drag

arrastrar

Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you!

e

6C

expensive-looking

aspecto caro / a

an expensive-looking ring

f

6C

flow

corriente

the flow of ideas/information

f

6C

frown

fruncir el ceño

She frowned at me, clearly annoyed.

f

6C

fry

freir

Fry the mushrooms in a little butter.

g

6C

gloat

deleitarse con algo

She's continually gloating over/about her new job.

h

6C

hiss

silbar

People in the audience were hissing their disapproval.

i

6C

imply

insinuar

Are you implying (that) I'm fat?

l

6C

lad

chico

A group of young lads were standing outside the shop.

l

6C

leap up

saltar

I leaped up to answer the phone.

l

6C

literally

literalmente

I was literally bowled over by the news.

l

6C

lively

vivo / a

The room was painted a lively electric blue.

l

6C

love-struck

cegado de amor

Look at me, I'm behaving like a lovestruck teenager!

l

6C

luckless

sin suerte

The luckless defender, Mark Emery, sustained his third injury of the season.

m 6C

minor

de poca importancia

a minor operation

n

6C

nod

asentir con la cabeza

Many people in the audience nodded in agreement.

n

6C

nudge

dar golpes con el codo

The children were giggling and nudging each other.

o

6C

operation

en funcionamiento

There are several reactors of the type in operation at the moment.

o

6C

out-of-this-world

de otro mundo

It was an out-of-this-world experience.

p

6C

passer-by

transeúnte

The gunmen opened fire, killing a policeman and a passer-by.

p

6C

pause

pararse

He paused and thought for a moment.

p

6C

pluck up

armarse de valor

He finally plucked up courage to ask her to marry him.

p

6C

pout

poner mala cara

Vanessa always pouts if she doesn't get what she wants.

r

6C

recall

recordar

The old man recalled the city as it had been before the war.

r

6C

ruin

arruinar

Huge modern hotels have ruined this once unspoilt coastline.

s

6C

scam

estafa

an insurance scam

s

6C

scary

de terror

a scary movie/story

s

6C

shoo

hacer marchar / espantar

Go and shoo that cat away before it catches a bird.

s

6C

somersault

voltereta

She was so happy she turned three somersaults on the lawn.

t

6C

time-share

multipropiedad

We've bought a time-share in Spain.

t

6C

twist

giro

u

6C

urge

deseo

The story took a surprise twist today with media reports that the doctor had resigned. The urge to steal is very strong in many of the young men we look after here.

w 6C

whisper

susurrar

She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.

a

7A

alibi

coartada

He has a cast-iron alibi - he was in hospital the week of the murder.

a

7A

ankle

tobillo

I fell over and sprained/twisted my ankle.

b

7A

bright-coloured

color vivo

We've just bought a new bright-coloured rug for the living room.

c

7A

cattle

ganado

beef/dairy cattle

c

7A

citizen

ciudadano

c

7A

confront

afrontar

c

7A

convict

convicto

The interests of British citizens living abroad are protected by the British Embassy. It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is. an escaped convict

c

7A

coursework

trabajo realizado durante el curso

Have you finished your coursework yet?

c

7A

crop

cosecha

The main crops grown for export are coffee and rice.

c

7A

cross-country

campo a través

cross-country skiing/running

d

7A

distinguishing

distintivo / a

The main distinguishing feature of the new car is its fast acceleration.

d

7A

DNA

ADN

DNA research

e

7A

ecology

ecología

The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast.

e

7A

ex-

ex

ex-prisoner

f

7A

ferry

transbordador/ferry

a car ferry

f

7A

fibre

fibra

The fibres are woven into fabric.

f

7A

fjord

fiordo

the Norwegian fjords

f

7A

flour

harina

Thicken the sauce with a little flour.

f

7A

forensic

forense

forensic evidence/medicine/science

f

7A

forest

bosque

the Black Forest

f

7A

fragment

fragmento

The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered window.

f

7A

fraudster

estafador

i

7A

icicle

estalagtita

New measures are needed to prevent fraudsters opening bank accounts with stolen cheques. Icicles hung from the roof.

i

7A

idyllic

idílico / a

an idyllic childhood/summer

i

7A

impact

impacto

i

7A

informer

delator

The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people. Most police informers receive a reward for their information.

i

7A

inhabitant

habitante

a city of 5 million inhabitants

i

7A

inmate

residente

Women make up about 6 per cent of all inmates in the U.S.

i

7A

innovative

innovador / a

innovative ideas/methods

j

7A

jail

prisión

the country's overcrowded jails

j

7A

justice

justicia

k

7A

kidnapper

secuestrador

The justice system in this country consists of a series of law courts at different levels. The police have arrested the kidnapper.

k

7A

killer

asesino

Police are still hoping to find the dead woman's killer.

k

7A

knives

cuchillos

In the car the police found guns, knives and other lethal weapons.

l

7A

landscape

paisaje

a rural/barren landscape

l

7A

lush

exhuberante

lush green valleys

m 7A

maggot

gusano

a maggot farm

m 7A

maintain

mantener

m 7A

mark

marca

Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links. a distinguishing mark

m 7A

model

modelo

The educational system was a model for those of many other countries.

n

7A

narrow

estrecho / a

a narrow bridge/passage/gap

n

7A

Norwegian

Noruego / a

She is a Norwegian student.

o

7A

offender

infractor

first-time offenders

o

7A

one-square-mile

una milla cuadrada

a one-square-mile island

p

7A

philosophy

filosofía

Live now, pay later - that's my philosophy of life!

p

7A

prisoner

recluso

p

7A

puddle

charco

Prisoners climbed onto the prison roof to protest at the conditions inside the prison. a puddle of water

p

7A

punish

castigar

Those responsible for these crimes must be brought to court and punished.

r

7A

reformer

reformador

a social reformer

r

7A

rehabilitation

rehabilitación

the rehabilitation of prisoners

r

7A

re-offend

reincidir

If he re-offends, he will go back to jail for a long time.

r

7A

repeatedly

repetidamente

He telephoned repeatedly, begging her to return.

r

7A

repressive

represivo / a

a repressive military regime

r

7A

requirement

requisito

A good degree is a minimum requirement for many jobs.

r

7A

restore

restaurado / a

The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully restored.

r

7A

route

camino

A college education is often the best route to a good job.

s

7A

saliva

saliva

saliva specimens

s

7A

saw

sierra

a hand/power/chain/circular saw

s

7A

scratch

rascar

We scratched the paintwork trying to get the bed into Martha's room.

s

7A

select

escoger

There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could select one of them.

s

7A

severely

duramente

I was severely reprimanded by my boss.

s

7A

situated

situado / a

The school is situated near to the station.

s

7A

six-year

de seis años

a six-year sentence

s

7A

slide

deslizar

When I was little I used to like sliding on the polished floor in my socks.

s

7A

small-scale

pequeña escala

a small-scale investigation

s

7A

smuggling

contrabando

The murdered man is thought to have been involved in drug smuggling.

s

7A

stable

establo

The horses are in the stables.

s

7A

stolen

robado / a

stolen goods

s

7A

sweat

sudar

t

7A

tempt

tentar

It was so hot when we arrived in Tripoli that we started to sweat as soon as we got off the plane. The offer of a free car stereo tempted her into buying a new car.

t

7A

timber

madera

a timber forest

t

7A

tool

herramienta

power tools

t

7A

tournament

torneo

a tennis/chess/golf tournament

t

7A

trace

rastro

Traces of drugs were found in his blood.

t

7A

twice-daily

dos veces al dia

There is a twice-daily bus to the city.

t

7A

twist

torcerse

I twisted my ankle last week.

u

7A

unfairly

injustamente

I think you are blaming Roger unfairly.

u

7A

unpleasant

desagradable

an unpleasant surprise

a

7B

acceptable

aceptable

This kind of attitude is simply not acceptable.

a

7B

accurately

rigurosamente

a

7B

activate

activar

The plans should be drawn as accurately as possible, showing all the measurements. The alarm is activated by the lightest pressure.

a

7B

addition

además

In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.

a

7B

allege

alegar

The two men allege (that) the police forced them to make false confessions.

b

7B

biometric

biométrico / a

biometric data

b

7B

break-up

ruptura

Long separations had contributed to their marriage break-up.

c

7B

CCTV

de seguridad (circuito cerrado)

CCTV cameras

c

7B

centralise

centralizar

c

7B

closely

de cerca

Payment of bills is now centralized (= organized at one place instead of several). Please examine this information closely.

c

7B

congestion

congestión

The (traffic) congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.

c

7B

contribution

aportación

c

7B

cookie

cookie

She didn't make much of a contribution (= She did not say much) at today's meeting, did she? I deleted all the cookies from my computer.

c

7B

co-operation

cooperación

This documentary was made with the cooperation of British Rail.

d

7B

delay

retraso

There has been a delay in the book's publication.

d

7B

documentation

documentación

d

7B

downpour

aguacero

Passengers without proper documentation will not be allowed to travel. a torrential downpour

e

7B

earthquake

terremoto

In 1906 an earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco.

e

7B

enforce

imponer

It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.

e

7B

exemption

exención

f

7B

fingerprint

huella digital

Candidates with a qualification in Chemistry have exemption from this course. His fingerprints were all over the gun.

g

7B

get-together

reunión

a family get-together

g

7B

grounds

alegando que

He refused to answer on the grounds that she was unfairly dismissed.

i

7B

identification

identificación

personal identification number

i

7B

implant

implante

breast/heart valve implants

i

7B

implant

implantar

i

7B

input

aportación

The owner's name and address is stored on a microchip and implanted in the dog's body. I didn't have much input into the project.

i

7B

intake

número de admitidos

i

7B

intrusion

intromisión

i

7B

iris

iris

j

7B

justified

justificado / a

I think you were quite justified in complaining.

k

7B

kick-off

inicio del partido

What time is the kick-off?

l

7B

limit

limitar

Having so little money to spend on an apartment does limit you in your choice.

l

7B

locate

localizar

Police are still trying to locate the suspect.

l

7B

locker

consigna

microchip

microchip

We had several hours to wait for our train, so we left our bags in a (luggage) locker, and went to look around the town. The microchip compresses and decompresses a colour image in less than a second.

m 7B

The teacher-training college has increased its intake of students by 50% this year. They complained about excessive government intrusion into their legitimate activities. iris recognition software

m 7B

monitoring

control

secret monitoring of phone calls

m 7B

motorist

automovilista

A passing motorist stopped and gave her a lift to the nearby town.

m 7B

movement

movimiento

He made a sudden movement and frightened the bird away.

n

7B

norm

norma

One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.

n

7B

number plate

matrícula

Police are looking for a small blue car with the number plate K17 EMW.

o

7B

obesity

obesidad

A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.

o

7B

onset

inicio

the onset of cancer

o

7B

operate

hacer funcionar

How do you operate the remote control unit?

o

7B

outlook

pronóstico

The outlook for today is cloudy and dry at first with showers later.

p

7B

PIN

PIN (número de identificación Do not reveal your PIN to anybody. personal)

p

7B

political

políticos

political leaders

p

7B

pre-paid

pagado con antelación

Admission tickets are $20 pre-paid, $25 at the door.

p

7B

provider

suministrador

an Internet service provider

p

7B

pull down

derribar

They pulled down the warehouse to build a new supermarket.

p

7B

pupil

alumno

a second-year pupil

r

7B

race

raza

People of many different races were living side by side.

r

7B

radio-transmitting

radiotransmisor

a radio-transmitting device

r

7B

rebel

rebelde

The rebels took over the capital and set up a new government.

r

7B

religion

religión

the Christian religion

r

7B

resign

dimitir

He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

r

7B

restrict

restringir

measures to restrict the sale of alcohol

r

7B

retailer

comercio

a big electronics retailer

r

7B

rumoured

corre el rumor

The president is rumoured to be seriously ill.

s

7B

setback

contratiempo

There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.

s

7B

shelter

refugio

We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter.

s

7B

stock

provisiones

It is now halfway through winter and food stocks are already low.

s

7B

store card

tarjeta de cliente

Do you have a store card?

t

7B

tagging

dispositivo personal de supervisión

electronic tagging

t

7B

track

localizar

The military use radar satellites to track targets through clouds and at night.

t

7B

tracking

localizador (dispositivo)

a tracking device

t

7B

transmit

trasmitir

Radio Seven transmits on 201 medium wave .

u

7B

universally

universalmente

The new roundabout is universally loathed by motorists.

w 7B

watcher

espectador

The new channel is certainly good news for the movie watcher.

w 7B

widely

extensamente

They have both travelled widely.

w 7B

withdraw

retirar

The UN has withdrawn its troops from the country.

w 7B

withdrawal

retirada

j

7C

(be) joined at the hip inseparable

The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week. They seem to be joined at the hip.

a

7C

alarm

alarma

If there's any trouble, raise/sound the alarm by pulling the emergency cord.

c

7C

coincidence

coincidencia

You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us - what a coincidence!

d

7C

defensive

defensivo / a

The merest hint of criticism makes him defensive.

f

7C

falling

caida

falling birth/interest rates

f

7C

financially

económicamente

The project is not financially viable.

f

7C

freeze

congelar

Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C.

h

7C

handbag

bolso

She took her hairbrush from her handbag and began to brush her hair.

i

7C

insure

asegurado / a

All our household goods are insured against accidental damage.

i

7C

intruder

intruso

I feel like an intruder when I visit their home.

l

7C

landlord

propietario

p

7C

population

población

p

7C

pour down

llover a cántaros

The landlord had promised to redecorate the bedrooms before we moved in. There's been a 9% rise in the prison population (= the number of people in prison). It looks as though it's about to pour down (with rain).

p

7C

primary

primaria

a primary school

r

7C

rising

creciente

rising inflation

s

7C

sarcastic

sarcástico / a

a sarcastic comment/remark

s

7C

scene

escena

Evidence was found at the scene of the crime.

s

7C

scheme

proyecto

a training/housing/play scheme

s

7C

seatbelt

cinturón de seguridad

to fasten your seatbelt

s

7C

somebody

alguien

There's somebody at the door.

s

7C

spy hole

mirilla

I have a security spy hole in my front door.

t

7C

thank goodness

gracias a Dios

I managed to catch the train, thank goodness.

u

7C

unmarked

camuflado / a

an unmarked police car

v

7C

vote

votar

She was too young to vote in the national election.

a

8A

absorb

absorber

Plants absorb carbon dioxide.

a

8A

advisor

asesor

She is the party's main economic advisor.

a

8A

atmospheric

atmosférico

Plants are the main source of atmospheric oxygen.

c

8A

candidate

candidato

There are three candidates standing in the election.

c

8A

clearing up

orden y limpieza

Could you help me with the clearing up?

c

8A

conscience

conciencia

a guilty conscience

c

8A

consumption

consumo

As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying.

d

8A

devastating

devastador / a

d

8A

direct-debit

domiciliación del pago

If the bomb had exploded in the main shopping area, it would have been devastating. I pay my electricity bill by direct debit.

d

8A

directly

directamente

I'm not directly involved in the project.

d

8A

doorstep

umbral de la puerta

There's a lovely park right on our doorstep.

e

8A

ease

tranquilizar

If it will ease your mind, I'll have a word with Charlotte for you.

e

8A

east

este

Cambridge is in East Anglia.

e

8A

eco-audit

auditoria ambiental

Our company is carrying out an ecoaudit.

e

8A

election

elecciones

The Government is expected to call an election very soon.

e

8A

emission

emisión

The increased use of natural gas will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

e

8A

environmentalist

ecologista

The expansion plans will face fierce resistance from environmentalists.

e

8A

environmentally

ecológico

environmentally-friendly washing powder

e

8A

eruption

erupción

a volcanic eruption

e

8A

ever(-)

constante

The ever-increasing demand for private cars could be halted by more investment in public transport.

f

8A

far-reaching

gran alcance

These new laws will have far-reaching benefits for all working mothers.

f

8A

federal law

ley federal

They were charged with violating federal law.

f

8A

fight

luchar

We need the public's help in fighting crime.

f

8A

focus

concentrarse

i

8A

incinerator

incineradora

Tonight's programme focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young. a garbage/hazardous-waste incinerator

i

8A

involved

implicado / a

emotionally/romantically involved

l

8A

litter

basura

About 2% of fast-food packaging ends up as litter.

m 8A

mad

loco / a

I think I must be going mad.

n

8A

notably

principalmente

p

8A

playground

patio escolar

They have begun attracting investors, most notably big Japanese financial houses. There were children fighting in the playground.

p

8A

profound

profundo / a

r

8A

relieve

aliviar

r

8A

religious

religioso / a

religious education

s

8A

scriptwriter

guionista

She is a well-known scriptwriter.

s

8A

scrub

restregar

She scrubbed (at) the mark on the wall for ages, but it wouldn't come off.

s

8A

significant

significativo / a

s

8A

soot

hollín

The talks between the USA and the USSR were very significant for the relationship between the two countries. It can be dangerous to let too much soot accumulate inside a chimney.

s

8A

suffering

sufrimiento

The war will cause widespread human suffering.

u

8A

unlimited

ilimitado / a

Passes are available for one month's unlimited travel within Europe.

u

8A

upcoming

próximo

Tickets are selling well for the group's upcoming concert tour.

The invention of the contraceptive pill brought about profound changes in the lives of women. She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.

w 8A

wreck

destrozar

The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars.

a

8B

adrenaline

adrenalina

a

8B

alive

vivo / a

These arguments always get my adrenaline going (= make me excited or angry). He must be ninety if he's still alive.

a

8B

ancestor

antepasado

There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the room.

a

8B

anger

rabia

a

8B

architecture

arquitectura

I think he feels a lot of anger towards his father who treated him very badly as a child. Roman architecture

b

8B

bang

ruido fuerte

The window slammed shut with a loud bang.

c

8B

chisel

esculpir

She chiselled a figure out of the marble.

c

8B

confidently

seguro / a

Try to act confidently, even if you feel nervous.

c

8B

courageous

valiente

c

8B

courageously

valientemente

It was a courageous decision to resign in protest at the company's pollution record. She behaved very courageously during the incident.

c

8B

cowardly

cobarde

This was a particularly brutal and cowardly attack.

c

8B

crave

deseo (de ser el centro de atención)

Many young children crave attention.

c

8B

crunch

crujir

The gravel crunched underfoot as we walked up to the house.

d

8B

despondent

desanimado / a

d

8B

disapprove

no estar de acuerdo

d

8B

disgust

indignación

He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls. The survey showed that 32% of respondents approve, 54% disapprove and the rest are undecided. She walked out in disgust.

d

8B

disgusted

indignada / o

She was disgusted at the way they treated their children.

d

8B

disturbance

molestias

Residents are fed up with the disturbance caused by the nightclub.

d

8B

downstairs

abajo

I went downstairs to answer the phone.

e

8B

emotion

sentimientos

Like a lot of men, he finds it hard to express his emotions.

f

8B

fantastic

estupendo / a

You look fantastic in that dress.

f

8B

fantasy

fantasía

Steve's favourite fantasy was to own a big house and a flashy car.

f

8B

fear-avoider

persona que evita situaciones de miedo

He never takes risks because he is a fear-avoider.

f

8B

flattering

favorecedor / a

a flattering photograph

g

8B

ghost story

historia de fantasmas

Sarah doesn't like ghost stories.

g

8B

grandma

abuela

My grandma is in her eighties.

g

8B

grandpa

abuelo

My grandpa is getting old and can't hear very well.

h

8B

higher

superior

a higher calling

i

8B

imagine

imaginar

I've never heard her criticize you - I think you imagine it.

j

8B

joy

alegría

They were filled with joy when their first child was born.

l

8B

lovable

encantador / a

a lovable child

m 8B

marker

marcador

development markers

m 8B

mediocre

mediocre

The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.

m 8B

monster

monstruo

a sea monster

m 8B

motivation

motivación

He's a bright enough student - he just lacks motivation.

m 8B

mundane

trivial

o

8B

overtake

adelantar

Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car).

p

8B

presumably

presumiblemente

They can presumably afford to buy a bigger apartment.

r

8B

racer

corredor

My brother is a kart racer.

r

8B

rationalise

justificar

She rationalised the expense by saying that the costly carpet she had bought would last longer than a cheaper one.

r

8B

realm

ámbito

A pay rise is not within the realms of possibility, I'm afraid.

r

8B

roller-coaster

montaña rusa

She loves roller-coasters.

s

8B

scare

espantar

Sudden noises scare her.

s

8B

scrape

rascar

s

8B

sensation

sensación

I was woken up by the noise of branches scraping against my bedroom window. a burning sensation

s

8B

stair

escalera

s

8B

supposedly

supuestamente

t

8B

thankful

agradecido / a

I was thankful that the meeting didn't last long, because I had a train to catch.

t

8B

thrill-seeker

buscador de emociones fuertes

I would describe myself as a thrillseeker.

t

8B

thrill-seeking

experimentar emociones fuertes

Thrill-seeking is in my genes.

t

8B

traffic jam

embotellamiento

Roadworks have caused traffic jams throughout the city centre.

t

8B

trigger

provocar

Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.

u

8B

uninvited

no estar invitado / a

She came to the party uninvited.

u

8B

unknown

desconocido / a

The exact number of people carrying the virus is unknown.

w 8B

whichever

de todas maneras

It's going to be expensive whichever way you do it.

w 8B

widen

abrirse mucho

His eyes/smile widened.

c

8C

contact lens

lentillas

c

8C

curious

curioso / a

I usually wear contact lenses, but I sometimes wear glasses when my eyes are tired. I was curious to know what would happen next.

The top stair creaked as she went upstairs and the noise woke up her mother. Well, the tickets are supposedly in the mail.

d

8C

demonstrate

demostrar

These figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country. She could never measure up to her mother's expectations.

e

8C

expectation

expectativa

f

8C

forcefully

enérgicamente

f

8C

frankly

francamente

g

8C

gross

grave

a gross violation of justice

h

8C

honestly

honestamente

They have always dealt honestly and fairly with their customers.

h

8C

hunter

cazador

Animals in the cat family are hunters.

i

8C

identity

identidad

i

8C

indecision

indecisión

The man's identity was being kept secret while he was helping police with enquiries. A moment's indecision when you've got the ball and you could lose the game.

i

8C

interpretation

interpretación

The dispute is based on two widely differing interpretations of the law.

l

8C

luxurious

lujoso / a

They have a very luxurious house.

m 8C

materialistic

materialista

I was a materialistic person, with a large ego.

p

8C

poem

poema

a book of love poems

p

8C

pro

ventaja

One of the big pros of living in Madrid is the night life.

p

8C

proportion

proporción

r

8C

reassure

tranquilizado / a

s

8C

surprisingly

sorprendentemente

The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of unemployed. I was nervous on my first day at college, but I was reassured to see some friendly faces. Surprisingly, the restaurant turned out to be cheap.

v

8C

VIP

VIP (persona importante)

They were in the VIP lounge at the airport.

a

9A

affluence

opulencia/riqueza

a

9A

as opposed to

en lugar de

What we are seeing increasingly is a society of private affluence and public squalor. I'd prefer to go on holiday in May, as opposed to September.

He argued forcefully that stricter laws were necessary to deal with the problem. Frankly, I think this whole situation is ridiculous.

b

9A

bank account

cuenta bancaria

How much money do you have in your bank account?

b

9A

brake

freno

She had no brakes on her bicycle.

c

9A

cast-offs

segunda mano/ ropa vieja/deshechada

I always had to wear my sister's castoffs as a child.

c

9A

cost of living

coste de vida

The increase in interest rates will raise the cost of living.

c

9A

courage

valentía

They showed great courage when they found out about their baby's disability.

c

9A

coward

cobarde

c

9A

current

actual

They branded her a coward for informing on her colleagues during the interrogation. Have you seen the current issue of Vogue magazine?

d

9A

dental

dental

dental decay/treatment

d

9A

disposable

disponible

disposable income

e

9A

e.g.

ejemplo

e

9A

economy

economía

You should eat more food that contains a lot of fibre, e.g. fruit, vegetables and bread. the global economy

e

9A

extravagance

extravagancia

I think she was shocked by my extravagance.

f

9A

feel good factor

sensación de bienestar

The feel good factor persists despite the current economic problems.

f

9A

flat screen

pantalla plana

a flat screen television

f

9A

flying

volar

Annette's scared of flying.

f

9A

foundation

fundación

the British Heart Foundation

f

9A

fulfilment

sentirse realizado / a

She finally found fulfilment in motherhood.

g

9A

growing

creciente

There is a growing awareness of the seriousness of this disease.

h

9A

hot-air balloon

globo aerostático

hot-air balloon flights

l

9A

leisure

ocio

leisure activities

l

9A

likely

probablemente

Do remind me because I'm likely to forget.

m 9A

materialism

materialismo

So have we become a self-centred society, preoccupied with materialism?

m 9A

membership

afiliación

You have to apply for membership of the sports club.

n

9A

need

necesidad

There's a growing need for cheap housing in the larger cities.

n

9A

no-expense-spared

gastar sin miramientos

a no-expense-spared holiday

p

9A

penny

penique

I keep pennies and other small coins in a jar.

p

9A

priority

prioridad

The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority.

p

9A

properly

correctamente

It's still not working properly.

r

9A

rational

racional

He was too upset to be rational.

r

9A

realisation

el hecho de darse cuenta

s

9A

selection

selección

The realization was dawning (= They were starting to realize) that this was a major disaster. The larger shops are able to stock a wider selection of goods.

s

9A

setting

entorno

Their cottage is in an idyllic rural setting.

s

9A

sociologist

sociólogo

a renowned sociologist

s

9A

spending

gasto

government spending on health

s

9A

statement

declaración

a provocative statement

s

9A

state-of-the-art

última tecnología

a state-of-the-art computer

s

9A

super-

super

the super-rich

t

9A

term

término

'Without let or hindrance' is a legal term which means 'freely'.

u

9A

unusually

inusualmente

He was unusually polite .

v

9A

value

valorar

I've always valued her advice.

a

9B

additive-free

sin aditivos

additive-free food

a

9B

anti-war

contra la guerra

an anti-war protest

a

9B

appeal

atracción

Spielberg films have a wide appeal.

b

9B

banker

banquero / a

She was a successful banker by the time she was forty.

b

9B

banking

banca

international banking

b

9B

branding

marca

The successful branding and marketing of the new beer has already boosted sales and increased profits.

c

9B

cash-free

sin billetes ni monedas

a cash-free society

c

9B

checkup

revisión

She goes to her doctor for regular checkups.

c

9B

chip

chip

a silicon chip

c

9B

closure

cierre

factory/branch closures

c

9B

community-led

conducido por la comunidad

a community-led approach

c

9B

companion

compañero

The dog has been her constant companion these past ten years.

c

9B

considerable

considerable

The fire caused considerable damage to the church.

c

9B

contactless-payment pago sin necesidad de contacto

d

9B

debit card

tarjeta de débito

I paid with my debit card.

d

9B

dispute

negar

Few would dispute his status as the finest artist of the period.

d

9B

disruptive

negativo / a

His teacher described him as a noisy, disruptive influence in class.

e

9B

e-cash

dinero electrónico

I paid with e-cash.

e

9B

eliminate

eliminar

A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.

e

9B

embedded

clavado / a

The thorn was embedded in her thumb.

contactless-payment systems

e

9B

error

error

The letter contains a number of typing errors.

f

9B

fashion-conscious

seguidor de la moda

your average fashion-conscious teenager

f

9B

finance

finanzas

corporate/personal/public finance

g

9B

games console

consola de juegos

Do you have a games console?

g

9B

grave

fosa ( común )

a mass grave

g

9B

grip

dominio

Rebels have tightened their grip on the city.

g

9B

groceries

comestibles

Could you buy some groceries for me?

h

9B

handset

auricular (teléfono)

The shop sells all the latest handsets.

h

9B

health-conscious

consciente de la salud

My wife is very health-conscious.

h

9B

high-street

calle principal

There are signs of economic recovery in the high street.

i

9B

idealistic

idealista

i

9B

idiot-proof

a prueba de idiotas

When I was young and idealistic I believed it was possible to change the world. an idiot-proof guide

i

9B

input

introducir

I've spent the morning inputting data into the computer.

i

9B

insurance

seguro

life/health/car/travel insurance

i

9B

insurer

asegurador

Please contact your insurer if you have any inquiries.

i

9B

inter-city

interurbano

an inter-city train

m 9B

money-minded

m 9B

monthly

tener un interés en la gestión I've never been very money-minded - I del dinero leave all my business affairs to my financial adviser. mensual monthly payments

n

9B

newsworthy

de interés periodístico

Nothing newsworthy ever happens around here. It's so boring.

n

9B

noteworthy

significativo / a

a noteworthy example/event

o

9B

on the contrary

al contrario

"Didn't you find the film exciting?" "On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it!" She is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal.

o

9B

optimistic

optimista

o

9B

ovenproof

a prueba de horno

Is this dish definitely ovenproof?

o

9B

over-priced

cargar mucho el precio

Train fares are ridiculously over-priced.

p

9B

Pakistani

pakistani

a Pakistani film

p

9B

payment

pago

Usually we ask for payment on receipt of the goods.

p

9B

peace

paz

peace talks/proposals

p

9B

politically-minded

con mentalidad política

a politically-minded pop star

p

9B

pollution-free

ecológico

pollution-free cars

p

9B

praiseworthy

digno / a de elogio

His actions during the crisis were truly praiseworthy.

p

9B

priced

precio (razonable)

a reasonably priced product

p

9B

purchase

comprar

Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.

r

9B

rail ticket

billete de tren

The cost of rail tickets was increased by 11%.

r

9B

reasonable

bien de precio

Tomatoes are very reasonable at this time of year.

s

9B

safety-conscious

cauteloso / a con la seguridad

safety-conscious behaviour

s

9B

smart card

tarjeta electrónica

I always use my smart card on the underground.

s

9B

snack

tentempié

I had a huge lunch, so I'll only need a snack for dinner.

s

9B

sort

tipo

We both like the same sort of music.

s

9B

stress-free

sin estrés

a stress-free life

s

9B

suspicious

desconfiado / a

His colleagues became suspicious when he did not appear at work, since he was always punctual.

t

9B

transaction

transacción

a business transaction

t

9B

twenties

a los veinte

They both got married in their twenties.

u

9B

unforgettable

inolvidable

an unforgettable experience

u

9B

unpredictable

imprevisible

u

9B

upload

cargar

The weather there can be a bit unpredictable - one minute it's blue skies and the next minute it's pouring down. How can I upload these files?

w 9B

waterproof

impermeable

Canvas boots are all right but they're not as waterproof as leather.

a

9C

against

contra

She spoke against the decision to close the college.

a

9C

agriculture

agricultura

Agriculture is still largely based on traditional methods in some countries.

a

9C

aid

ayuda

a

9C

apprenticeship

aprendizaje

The Vatican has agreed to donate $80 000 in humanitarian/emergency aid to countries affected by the war. I started my apprenticeship last year.

b

9C

benefit

beneficiarse de

I feel that I have benefited greatly from her wisdom.

b

9C

bleak

pesimista

The economic outlook is bleak.

c

9C

career path

camino profesional

How can I find a new career path?

c

9C

climbing

montañismo

Chris has just taken up climbing.

c

9C

computerised

informatizado

The whole system is computerised.

c

9C

consequently

como consecuencia

d

9C

decline

declive

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday. industrial decline

d

9C

deeply

profundamente

I'm deeply grateful to you.

d

9C

discrimination

discriminación

racial/sex discrimination

e

9C

explanation

explicación

Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works?

e

9C

eye test

revisión de la vista

Could I book an eye test please?

f

9C

faithfully

atentamente

Yours faithfully

g

9C

gender

sexo

I think both genders are capable of looking after children.

g

9C

gloomy

pesimista

a gloomy economic forecast

g

9C

growth

crecimiento

economic growth

h

9C

housing

vivienda

There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region.

i

9C

illegal

ilegal

a campaign to stop the illegal sale of cigarettes to children under 16

i

9C

intellectual

intelectual

l

9C

leave aside

dejar a un lado

Looking after a baby at home all day is nice but it doesn't provide much intellectual stimulation. Leaving aside the question of cost, how many people do we need on the job?

l

9C

less-developed

menos desarrollado

less-developed countries

l

9C

loan

préstamo

She's trying to get a $50 000 loan to start her own business.

l

9C

logical

lógico / a

a logical choice/conclusion

m 9C

mass-produced

producción en serie

mass-produced souvenirs

n

9C

noon

doce del mediodía

We used to ski before noon then take a long lunch.

n

9C

nuclear power

energía nuclear

nuclear power stations

o

9C

outcome

resultado

It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

o

9C

overdraft

saldo al descubierto

to run up/pay off an overdraft

o

9C

overseas

el extranjero

Many more people go/travel/live/work overseas these days.

o

9C

owing to

a causa de

The concert has been cancelled owing to lack of support.

p

9C

pass on

transmitir

My grandmother passed on her cooking skills to me.

r

9C

renewable

renovable

renewable energy sources such as wind and wave power

r

9C

repeated

repetido / a

repeated attempts/mistakes/warnings

r

9C

resource

recursos

Britain's mineral resources include oil, coal and gas deposits.

s

9C

structure

estructurar

We must carefully structure and rehearse each scene.

s

9C

sugar-free

sin azúcar

sugar-free chewing-gum

s

9C

sum up

resumir

She summed up the situation quickly and took charge.

t

9C

thinker

pensador

a political/religious thinker

t

9C

three-day

de tres dias

a three-day weekend

t

9C

transfer

traspaso

the transfer of information

u

9C

unauthorised

no autorizado

No admittance to unauthorised personnel.

v

9C

vary

variar

v

9C

visibility

visibilidad

Some people give a regular monthly donation while others vary the amount they give. Mist is still causing poor visibility - down to five metres in parts of the south-east.

a

10A

aeroplane

avión

She has her own private aeroplane.

a

10A

airborne

en el aire

The airborne radioactive particles have covered a huge area of Russia.

a

10A

alas

¡ay!

I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.

a

10A

allowance

dietas

a

10A

anxiously

ansiosamente

The perks of the job include a company pension scheme and a generous travel allowance. Tomorrow the children will receive their anxiously awaited presents.

a

10A

applicant

candidato

How many applicants did you have for the job?

a

10A

arrival

llegada

Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's arrival at the airport.

b

10A

BC

A.C. ( antes de Cristo)

The Battle of Actium took place in 31 BC.

c

10A

civilisation

civilización

Cuzco was the centre of one of the world's most famous civilizations, that of the Incas. The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault.

c

10A

clearly

claramente

c

10A

conflict

conflicto

We wish to avoid conflict between our countries if at all possible.

c

10A

cyclone

ciclón

We were caught in a cyclone.

d

10A

decade

década

The country has experienced two decades of growth.

d

10A

dependent

depender de

It's very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills.

e

10A

ebb away

disminuir

He could feel his strength ebbing away.

e

10A

economics

económicas

She's in her third year of economics at York university.

e

10A

element

indicio

There was certainly an element of truth in what she said.

e

10A

epitomise

personificar

e

10A

equine

equina

With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomises the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker. equine flu

e

10A

escalator

escaleras automáticas

I'll meet you by the up/down escalator on the second floor.

f

10A

failure

fracaso

The meeting was a complete/total failure.

f

10A

far-flung

extenso

The news spread to all corners of our far-flung empire.

f

10A

fascinate

fascinar

Science has always fascinated me.

f

10A

flock

rebaño

a flock of sheep/goats/geese

f

10A

four-month

cuatro meses

a four-month course

f

10A

further

más lejos

It was much further to the town centre than I remembered.

g

10A

gold rush

fiebre del oro

He became rich during the gold rush.

h

10A

historic

histórico / a

historic buildings

h

10A

homing

instinto de volver a casa

Migrating birds and fish have a strong homing instinct.

h

10A

horseback

a caballo

police on horseback

h

10A

husky

husky (perro)

The huskies pulled our sledge.

i

10A

iconic

icono

John Lennon gained iconic status following his death.

i

10A

information superhighway

autopista de la información

The information superhighway extends throughout most of the world.

l

10A

litre

litro

The tax increase will add 4p to a litre of petrol.

l

10A

loved one

ser querido

People, naturally enough, want to know that their loved ones are out of danger.

m 10A

mail

correo

She spent the morning reading and answering her mail.

m 10A

making

producción

the art of film making

m 10A

means

medios

We need to find some other means of transportation.

m 10A

messenger

mensajero

The documents were delivered by special messenger.

m 10A

mice

ratones

field mice

o

10A

orphan

huérfano

The civil war is making orphans of many children.

p

10A

pension off

jubilar

After flying for 38 years, their Wessex helicopter is about to be pensioned off.

p

10A

pigeon

paloma

racing/homing pigeons

p

10A

pioneering

pionero / a

a pioneering spirit

p

10A

postal service

servicio postal

The United States Postal Service

r

10A

railroad station

estación de tren

Central Railroad Station

r

10A

rat

rata

Rats carry disease.

r

10A

recruit

reclutar

Charities such as Oxfam are always trying to recruit volunteers to help in their work.

s

10A

secretly

secretamente

He was convicted on the evidence of secretly recorded telephone conversations. There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.

s

10A

shortage

escasez

s

10A

siege

cerco

The siege of Mafeking lasted for eight months.

s

10A

skinny

en los huesos

You should eat more, you're much too skinny.

s

10A

sled

trineo

The children are playing in the snow with their sleds.

s

10A

slowly

lentamente

Could you please speak more slowly?

s

10A

sorting office

oficina de clasificación

I work at the sorting office.

s

10A

stroke of genius

golple de inspiración

It was such a brilliant idea - a real stroke of genius.

s

10A

swift

rápido / a

The local police took swift action against the squatters.

t

10A

telegraph

telégrafo

The news came by telegraph.

t

10A

transcontinental

transcontinental

The transcontinental railway goes from New York to San Francisco.

u

10A

upkeep

mantenimiento

The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive.

v

10A

vital

vital

A strong opposition is vital to a healthy democracy.

w 10A

wilderness

desierta

a beautiful mountain wilderness

w 10A

willing

dispuesto / a

If you're willing to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.

w 10A

winged

con alas

a high-winged aeroplane

w 10A

wiry

complexión delgada pero fuerte

He has a runner's wiry frame.

w 10A

workforce

plantilla

The majority of factories in the region have a workforce of 50 to 100 (people).

d

10B

(be) down to

reducirse a

It's all down to money.

a

10B

absorption

absorción

Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption through the skin.

a

10B

academy

academia

a military/police academy

a

10B

amateur

aficionado

This tennis tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.

a

10B

animation

animaciones

b

10B

Barbie doll

muñeca Barbie

Encyclopaedias on CD-ROM include sound, illustrations and simple animations. I often played with Barbie dolls when I was young.

b

10B

buyer

comprador

He's still looking for a buyer for his house.

c

10B

captain

capitán

It's unusual to have a goalkeeper as (the) captain of a football team.

c

10B

circuit

circuito

They first met each other on the tennis circuit.

d

10B

determination

determinación

a man of fierce/ruthless determination

d

10B

devote

dedicar

She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.

d

10B

distraction

distracción

I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction.

d

10B

down-to-earth

realista

She's a down-to-earth sort of woman with no pretensions.

d

10B

driving range

recinto para practicar golf

I often practise my golf swing at the driving range.

e

10B

encouragement

ánimo

Children need lots of encouragement from their parents.

e

10B

exceptionally

excepcional

an exceptionally fine portrait

f

10B

fame

fama

She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16.

f

10B

fitness

buen estado físico

I'm trying to improve my fitness by cycling to work.

g

10B

gentle

suave

a gentle wind

g

10B

gift

don

He has a gift for languages.

g

10B

gifted

dotado / a

a gifted dancer/musician

g

10B

give up

dejar de

I've given up trying to help her.

g

10B

God-given

dado por Dios

She has a God-given talent as a painter.

g

10B

golfer

jugador de golf

He's one of the highest-earning professional golfers in the world.

h

10B

handicap

handicap

My current golf handicap is nine.

h

10B

himself

él mismo

Any fool can teach himself to type.

i

10B

inspire

inspirar

His confident leadership inspired his followers.

j

10B

judgment

criterio

to show good/sound/poor judgment

m 10B

mentor

mentor

I've learned a lot from my mentor.

m 10B

modelling

carrera de modelo

Ashley's always wanted to go into modelling.

n

10B

note

nota

He left a note to say he would be home late.

p

10B

patterned

estampado / a

patterned textiles/wallpaper

p

10B

persist

persistir

The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.

p

10B

protégé

protegido

Shapur's restaurant is full every night as trendy Londoners enjoy the wonders of his young protégé, chef Glyn Fussell.

r

10B

rather

antes que

I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.

s

10B

shot

golpe

Woods hit a perfect shot out of the bunker.

s

10B

soloist

solista

The soloist in the violin concerto was Yehudi Menuhin.

s

10B

sour

ácido / a

These plums are a bit sour.

s

10B

stick with

mantener

s

10B

straightaway

enseguida

He said that he was going to stick with the traditions established by his grandfather. We don't have to go straightaway, do we?

s

10B

stunning

impresionante

a stunning dress

t

10B

talent

talento

Her talent for music showed at an early age.

u

10B

upbringing

educación

Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing? I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.

v

10B

vague

vago / a

w 10B

wise

savio / a

I think you made a wise choice.

a

10C

advanced

avanzado / a

an advanced English course

b

10C

benefit

beneficio

The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town.

b

10C

booklet

folleto

I always write my shopping lists in a booklet.

c

10C

communicator

comunicador

Obviously teachers have to be good communicators.

c

10C

conversational

oratoria

He seems to lack basic conversational skills.

c

10C

convincing

convincente

a convincing argument/explanation

d

10C

daddy

papá

Mummy and Daddy are taking me to the circus on Saturday.

e

10C

elementary

elemental

I have an elementary knowledge of physics.

e

10C

expertise

habilidad

We admired the expertise with which he prepared the meal.

f

10C

fast track

camino rápido

A degree in computer science offers a fast track to the top.

f

10C

free-flowing

fluir libremente

a free-flowing river

g

10C

gregarious

alegre

Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person.

g

10C

guru

gurú

For the last decade she has acted as the president's economics guru.

i

10C

image

imagen

television images of starving children

i

10C

interact

relacionarse con

Dominique's teacher says that she interacts well with the other children.

i

10C

intuitive

intuitivo / a

Men are often regarded as less intuitive than women.

i

10C

invariably

siempre

The train is invariably late.

l

10C

lack

falta

Her only problem is lack of confidence.

l

10C

learner

aprendiz

He's a quick learner.

l

10C

linguistic

lingüístico

m 10C

mind map

técnica de aprendizaje

I'm particularly interested in the linguistic development of young children. I'd like to learn how to draw mind maps.

n

10C

note-taking

tomar apuntes

Note-taking is an important skill for students.

o

10C

Olympic

Olímpico

the International Olympic Committee

p

10C

permeate

impregnar

r

10C

reflect

reflejar

Dissatisfaction with the government seems to have permeated every section of society. The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits.

r

10C

revolution

revolución

a technological revolution

r

10C

rowing

remar

I love rowing.

s

10C

scientific

científico / a

a scientific discovery/experiment/theory

s

10C

skill

habilidad

Ruth had/possessed great writing skills.

s

10C

successfully

exitosamente

A number of patients have been successfully treated with the new drug.

s

10C

switch

cambiar

s

10C

systematic

sitemático / a

She started studying English at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year. We've got to be a bit more systematic in the way that we approach this task.

t

10C

thought

idea

Let me have your thoughts on that report by Friday.

t

10C

traditionally

tradicionalmente

Quaker meetings are traditionally held in silence.

t

10C

trashy

basura

trashy programmes

t

10C

tune in

sintonizar

u

10C

unclear

poco claro / a

The current financial situation certainly tunes in with what economic experts predicted over a year ago. The ownership of the painting remains unclear.

u

10C

up-to-date

al dia

Great trouble is taken to keep our database up-to-date.

w 10C

woolly

vago / a

It's the woolly thinking behind the book that I find so infuriating.

w 10C

workings

funcionamiento

the workings of government

© Cambridge University Press 2009