Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

Process Industry Practices Civil

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team and will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn. Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at www.pip.org.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP.

PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.

Not printed with State funds

May 2003

Process Industry Practices Civil

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................. 2 1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2 1.2 Scope................................................. 2

2. References ................................... 2 2.1 Industry Codes and Standards .......... 2

3. Definitions .................................... 3 4. Requirements ............................... 3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

Documentation................................... 3 Materials ............................................ 4 Execution ......................................... 12 Quality Assurance............................ 17 Storage and Protection .................... 17

Process Industry Practices

Page 1 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

1.

May 2003

Introduction 1.1

Purpose This Practice provides the requirements for fabricators and installers of chain link fences and gates.

1.2

Scope This Practice covers the materials, fabrication, and installation of chain link fencing using galvanized steel, aluminum-coated steel, and PVC-coated steel.

2.

References Applicable requirements in the following industry codes and standards shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate. 2.1

Industry Codes and Standards • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) – ASTM A53 - Standard Specification for Pipe - Steel, Black, and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded, and Seamless – ASTM A121 - Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Barbed Wire – ASTM A123/A123M - Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dipped Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products – ASTM A153/A153M - Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware – ASTM A392 - Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence Fabric – ASTM A428/A428M - Standard Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coatings on Aluminum Coated Iron or Steel Articles – ASTM A491 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric – ASTM A585 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Barbed Wire – ASTM A641 - Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire – ASTM A653/A653M - Standard Specification for Steel Sheet Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process – ASTM A924/A924M - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by Hot-Dip Process – ASTM A1011/A1011M - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, HotRolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength LowAlloy with Improved Formability

Page 2 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

– ASTM B241/B241M - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube – ASTM C94 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete – ASTM F668 - Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and other Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence Fabric – ASTM F934 - Standard Specification for Standard Colors for Polymer-Coated Chain Link Fence Materials – ASTM F1083 - Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence Structures

3.

Definitions civil engineer of record: The purchaser’s authorized representative with overall authority and responsibility for the civil engineering design contract documents: Any and all documents, including design drawings, that the purchaser has transmitted or otherwise communicated (either by incorporation or by reference) and has made part of the legal contract or purchase order agreement between the purchaser and the supplier supplier: The party responsible for furnishing the materials and performing fence installation, including work executed through the use of sub-contractors purchaser: The party who awards the contract. The purchaser may be the owner of the facility wherein the fence will be installed or the owner’s authorized agent.

4.

Requirements 4.1

Documentation 4.1.1

Evidence of a minimum 2-year work history in chain link fence installation shall be provided with the quotation.

4.1.2

Before the start of field installation, shop drawings of gates, bracing, and typical fence details shall be submitted to the civil engineer of record for approval.

4.1.3

Before the start of installation, material data for fabrics, post, rails, tension wire, and rods showing compliance with this Practice shall be submitted to the civil engineer of record.

4.1.4

A guarantee against defects shall be furnished for all materials, installation, and workmanship for 1 year from the date of acceptance unless noted otherwise in the contract documents. Any defect in installation or workmanship shall be repaired, and defective materials shall be replaced during the guarantee period without cost to the owner.

Process Industry Practices

Page 3 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

4.2

May 2003

Materials 4.2.1

Galvanized Chain Link Steel Fence If galvanized fence is specified in the contract documents, materials shall be uniform and consistent and shall meet the following requirements: 4.2.1.1 Fabric

Fabric shall consist of heavy galvanized chain link material, conforming to ASTM A392, Class II, 2-inch (50-mm) mesh 9-gage wire (0.148 inches [4 mm] in diameter), with the top and bottom selvedges twisted and barbed. 4.2.1.2 Line Posts

a. For fabric up to 8 feet (2.4 m) high, the line posts shall be 2-inch (50-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 2.375 inches [60 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A53. b. For fabric more than 8 feet (2.4 m) high, line posts shall be either of the following: (1) 2.5-inch (63-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 2.875 inches [72 mm]), in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.25 inches x 1.703 inches (56 mm x 43 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A123 4.2.1.3 Terminal, Corner, and Pull Posts

a. Terminal, corner, and pull posts up to 8 feet (2.4 m) high shall be either of the following: (1) 2.5-inch (63-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 2.875 inches [73 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.25 inches x 1.703 inches (56 mm x 43 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M b. Terminal, corner, and pull posts more than 8 feet (2.4 m) high shall be either of the following: (1) 3-inch (75-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 3.5 inches [89 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.75 inches x 2.203 inches (69 mm x 55 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M 4.2.1.4 Top Rails

Top rails shall be either of the following:

Page 4 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

(1) 1.25-inch (31-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 1.66 inches [42 mm]), in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 1.625 inches x 1.25 inches (40 mm x 31 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M 4.2.1.5 Tension Wire

a. Tension wire shall be 7-gage steel, galvanized in accordance with ASTM A641 coating Class 5. b. The tension wire shall be stretched near the bottom of the fence and attached at 2-foot (600-mm) intervals. c. If a top rail is not used, the tension wire shall be stretched at the top also. 4.2.1.6 Appurtenances

a. Brace bands and tension bands shall be fabricated from 0.125-inch x 0.875-inch (3-mm x 22-mm) galvanized steel with galvanized steel carriage bolts and nuts galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M. b. Tension bars shall be 0.25-inch x 0.75-inch (6- mm x 19-mm) steel bars galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153/A153M. c. Tighteners shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A 153/A153 M. 4.2.1.7 Fabric Ties

Fabric ties shall be 9-gage, Class I galvanized steel wire, coated in accordance with ASTM A641. 4.2.1.8 Post Tops

a. One post top shall be provided for each post, with openings to permit through passage of top rail. b. Material shall be pressed steel or malleable iron that is designed as a watertight closure cap for tubular posts and shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153/A153M. 4.2.1.9 Barbed Wire

a. Barbed wire shall consist of two strands of 12.5-gage galvanized wire according to ASTM A121 or ASTM A641, Class III, with 14-gage, 4-point barbs spaced on 5-inch (125-mm) centers. b. The top 1 foot (300 mm) of the fence shall consist of three strands of barbed wire attached to 45-degree angle heavy-pressed galvanized arms capable of withstanding, without failure, 250 pounds (1,112 N) downward pull at the outermost end of the arm.

Process Industry Practices

Page 5 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

4.2.1.10 Brace Rail

a. Brace rail shall be 1.25-inch (31-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 1.66 inches [42 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A53. b. Brace rail shall be equipped with 0.375-inch (9-mm) galvanized steel truss rods and truss tighteners. 4.2.2

Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence If aluminum-coated fence is specified in the contract documents, materials shall be uniform and consistent and shall meet the following requirements: 4.2.2.1 Fabric

Fabric shall consist of aluminum-coated wire conforming to ASTM A491, with 2-inch (50-mm) mesh 9-gage wire (0.148 inches [4 mm] in diameter), with the top and bottom selvedges twisted and barbed. 4.2.2.2 Line Posts

a. For fabric up to 8 feet (2.4 m) high, line posts shall be either of the following: (1) 2-inch (50-mm) NPS schedule 40 aluminum-coated steel pipe (OD = 2.375 inch [60 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A428/428M (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/1011M, grade 45, 1.875 inches x 1.625 inches (47 mm x 41 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A428/428M. Maximum post spacing shall be 10 feet (3 m) b. For fabric more than 8 feet (2.4 m) high, line posts shall be either of the following: (1) 2.5-inch (63-mm) NPS schedule 40 aluminum-coated steel pipe (OD = 2.875 inches [73 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.25 inches x 1.703 inches (56 mm x 43 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M 4.2.2.3 Terminal, Corner, and Pull Posts

a. Terminal, corner, and pull posts up to 8 feet (2.4 m) high shall be either of the following: (1) 2.5-inch (63-mm) NPS schedule 40 aluminum-coated steel pipe (OD = 2.875 inches [73 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A428A/428M

Page 6 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

(2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.25 inches x 1.703 inches (56 mm x 43 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M b. Terminal, corner, and pull posts more than 8 feet (2.4 m) high shall be either of the following: (1) 3-inch (75-mm) NPS schedule 40 aluminum-coated steel pipe (OD = 3.5 inch [90 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.75 inches x 2.203 inches (69 mm x 55 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M 4.2.2.4 Top Rails

Top rails shall be either of the following: (1) 1.25-inch (31-mm) NPS schedule 40 aluminum-coated steel pipe (OD = 1.660 inches [42 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 1.625 inches x 1.25 inches (41 mm x 31 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M 4.2.2.5 Tension Wire

a. Tension wire shall be 7-gage steel wire galvanized in accordance with ASTM A491. b. The tension wire shall be stretched near the bottom of the fence and attached at 2-foot (600-mm) intervals. c. If a top rail is not used, the tension wire shall be stretched at the top also. 4.2.2.6 Appurtenances

a. Brace bands and tension bands shall be fabricated from 0.125-inch x 0.875-inch (3-mm x 22-mm) aluminum-coated steel with aluminized carriage bolts and nuts in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M. b. Tension bars shall be 0.25-inch x 0.75-inch (6-mm x 19-mm), aluminum-coated in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M. 4.2.2.7 Fabric Ties

Fabric ties shall be 9-gage steel wire, aluminum-coated in accordance with ASTM A585.

Process Industry Practices

Page 7 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

4.2.2.8 Post Tops

a. One post top shall be provided for each post, with openings to permit through passage of top rail. b. Material shall be pressed steel or malleable iron that is designed as a watertight closure cap for tubular posts and shall be aluminumcoated in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M. 4.2.2.9 Barbed Wire

a. Barbed wire shall consist of two strands of aluminum-coated 12.5-gage wire with 14-gage, 4-point round aluminum barbs spaced on 5-inch (125-mm) centers in accordance with ASTM A585, Class II. b. The top 1 foot (300 mm) of the fence shall consist of three strands of barbed wire attached to 45-degree angle arms capable of withstanding, without failure, 250 pounds (1,112 N) downward pull at the outermost end of the arm. 4.2.2.10 Brace Rail

a. Brace rail shall be 1.25-inch (31-mm) NPS schedule 40 aluminumcoated steel pipe (OD = 1.66 inches [42mm]) in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M. b. Brace rail shall be equipped with 0.375-inch (9-mm) aluminumcoated steel truss rods and truss tighteners in accordance with ASTM A428/A428M. 4.2.3

PVC-Coated Chain Link Steel Fence If PVC-coated fence is specified in the contract documents, materials shall be uniform and consistent and shall meet the following requirements: 4.2.3.1 Fabric

a. Fabric shall conform to ASTM F668, 7 mils of thermally bonded PVC over 0.30 ounce zinc substrate; 2-inch (50-mm) mesh, 9-gage wire (0.148 inches [4 mm] in diameter), with the top and bottom selvedges twisted and barbed. b. Colors shall be in accordance with ASTM F934 (brown, green, or black). 4.2.3.2 Line Posts

a. For fabric up to 8 feet (2.4 m) high, line posts shall be either of the following: (1) 2-inch (50-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 2.375 inch [60 mm]), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 1.875 inches x 1.625 inches

Page 8 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

(47 mm x 41 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A653/A653M and ASTM A924/A924M b. For fabric more than 8 feet (2.4 m) high, line posts shall be either of the following: (1) 2.5-inch (63-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 2.875 inches [73 mm]), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.25 inches x 1.703 inches (56 mm x 43 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A653/A653M and ASTM A924/A924M c. Posts shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.3 Terminal, Corner, and Pull Posts

a. Terminal, corner, and pull posts up to 8 feet (2.4 m) high shall be either of the following: (1) 2.5-inch (63-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 2.875 inches [73 mm]), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.25 inches x 1.703 inches (56 mm x 43 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A653/A653M and ASTM A924/A924M b. Terminal, corner, and pull posts more than 8 feet (2.4 m) high shall either of the following: (1) be 3-inch (75-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 3.5 inches [89 mm]), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 2.75 inches x 2.203 inches (69 mm x 55 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A653/A653M and ASTM A924/A924M. Posts shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.4 Top Rails

a. Top rails shall be either of the following: (1) 1.25-inch (31-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 1.66 inches [42 mm]) in accordance with ASTM A53 (2) C-section rolled, formed from steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, grade 45, 1.625 inches x 1.25 inches (41 mm x 31 mm), continuous coated in accordance with ASTM A653/A653M and ASTM A924/A924M

Process Industry Practices

Page 9 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

b. Rails shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.5 Tension Wire

a. Tension wire shall be 7-gage steel, galvanized in accordance with ASTM A641. b. Tension wire shall be primed to receive 10- to 15- mils thermal fusion coating of PVC of same quality, color, and process as specified for the fabric. c. The tension wire shall be stretched near the bottom of the fence and attached at 2-foot (600-mm) intervals. d. If a top rail is not used, the tension wire shall be stretched at the top also. 4.2.3.6 Appurtenances

a. Brace bands and tension bands shall be fabricated from 0.125-inch x 0.875-inch (3-mm x 22-mm) galvanized steel with galvanized steel carriage bolts and nuts in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M. b. Tension bars shall be 0.25-inch x 0.75-inch (6-mm x 19-mm) galvanized steel in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M. c. Bands and bars shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.7 Fabric Ties

Fabric ties shall be 9-gage, Class I galvanized steel wire primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.8 Post Tops

a. One post top shall be provided for each post, with openings to permit through passage of top rail. b. Material shall be pressed steel or malleable iron that is designed as a watertight closure cap for tubular posts. c. Tops shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.9 Barbed Wire

a. Barbed wire shall consist of two strands of 12.5-gage galvanized wire in accordance with ASTM A121, Class III, with 14-gage, 4-point round aluminum barbs, spaced on 5-inch (125-mm) centers. b. The top 1 foot (300 mm) of the fence shall consist of three strands of barbed wire attached to 45-degree angle heavy-pressed galvanized arms capable of withstanding, without failure, 250 pounds (1,112 N) downward pull at the outermost end of the arm.

Page 10 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

c. Wire and angle arms shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.3.10 Brace Rail

a. Brace rail shall be 1.25-inch (31-mm) NPS schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe (OD = 1.66 inches [42mm]) in accordance with ASTM A53. b. Brace rail shall be equipped with 0.375-inch (9-mm) galvanized steel truss rods and truss tighteners in accordance with ASTM A53. c. Brace rail, truss rods, and truss tighteners shall be primed to receive 10- to 15-mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.4

Gates 4.2.4.1 Gate materials such as fabric, bolts, nuts, tension bars, barbed wire, brace rail, and truss rods and tighteners shall be consistent with fence materials. 4.2.4.2 Gates shall be manually or electrically operated as specified in the contract documents. 4.2.4.3 Swing Gates

a. Frames shall be 1.5-inch (38-mm) NPS pipe (OD = 1.9 inches [48 mm]), with corner ells riveted or bolted at corners. b. Internal bracing shall be 1-inch (25-mm) NPS pipe (OD = 1.32 inches [33 mm]), with 0.375-inch (9-mm)-diameter adjustable truss rods. c. Bottom hinge shall be pivot type. d. Top hinge shall allow gate to swing 180 degrees. e. Gates shall be provided with padlocking device, center rest, and semi-automatic catch to secure gate in open position. 4.2.4.4 Slide Gates

a. Slide gates shall be supplier’s standard for width of opening and vertical clearance required. b. Designs for special gates shall be subject to purchaser approval. 4.2.4.5 Gateposts for fence materials shall be determined as follows: a. Galvanized fence - Gateposts shall be standard weight galvanized pipe in accordance with ASTM F1083. b. Aluminum fence - Gateposts shall be standard weight aluminum alloy 6063-T6 in accordance with ASTM B241/B241M. c. Aluminum-coated fence - Gateposts shall be standard weight galvanized pipe in accordance with ASTM F1083.

Process Industry Practices

Page 11 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

d. PVC-coated fence - Gateposts shall be standard weight galvanized pipe in accordance with ASTM F1083 and primed to receive 10 to 15 mils thermal fusion coating of PVC. 4.2.4.6 Size of gateposts shall be determined by the maximum widths of single leaf gates or one leaf of double leaf gate in accordance with Table 1. Table 1: Gatepost Size Width in Feet (m)

4.2.5

Post Size (OD) in Inches (mm)

6 (1.8) or less

2.875 (73)

6 - 12 (1.8 - 3.7)

4.0 (101)

12 - 18 (3.7 - 5.5)

6.625 (168)

>18 (5.5)

8.625 (219)

Concrete a. Concrete shall have a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. b. The maximum aggregate size shall be 1 inch (25 mm). c. The maximum slump shall be 3 inches (75 mm), and entrained air shall be between 2 percent and 4 percent. d. Concrete mix design shall be in accordance with ASTM C94.

4.3

Execution 4.3.1

Preparation 4.3.1.1 Clearing and grubbing shall be performed to a width of at least 2 feet (600 mm) on each side of the fence line as necessary to allow a proper fence installation. 4.3.1.2 A reasonably smooth profile at the fence line shall be provided. The bottom of the fence shall not be more than 2 inches (50 mm) above the finished ground line. 4.3.1.3 Where the fence crosses features such as streams and drainage ditches and where conforming the fence to the ground contour is impractical, the fence shall span the depression, unless otherwise indicated in the contract documents. The space below the bottom of the fence shall be closed with extra fence fabric or barbed wire as indicated in the contract documents. If extra length fence posts are required at such locations, they shall be furnished and installed in lieu of standard length posts, together with any intermediate posts, stakes, braces, extra fabric, or wire as may be required.

4.3.2

Installation 4.3.2.1 Post Spacing

a. Line posts and brace posts shall be set at intervals not to exceed 10 feet (3 m).

Page 12 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

b. Posts shall be evenly spaced. c. Corner or slope posts shall be installed where changes in grade exceed a 30-degree deflection. d. Pull post intervals shall not exceed 300 feet (90 m). 4.3.2.2 Foundation Sizes

Unless specified otherwise in the contract documents, line, corner, pull, and terminal posts shall be set vertically in cylindrical concrete foundations in accordance with Table 2, following. Comment: Site soil conditions may require a change in diameter, depth, or embedment. Table 2: Line, Corner, Gate, Pull, and Terminal Post Installation Schedule Foundation Diameter Fence Post: Line Post Corner, Pull, and Terminal Posts Gatepost Size in Inches (mm) (OD): 2.875 (73) 4.0 (101) 6.625 (168) 8.625 (219)

Foundation Depth

Post Embedment

0’ - 9” (225 mm) 1’ - 0” (300 mm)

3’ - 3” (1 m) 3’ - 3” (1 m)

3’ - 0” (0.9 m) 3’ - 0” (0.9 m)

1’ - 0” (300 mm) 1’ - 0” (300 mm) 1’ - 6” (450 mm) 2’ - 0” (600 mm)

3’ - 3” (1 m) 3’ - 3” (1 m) 4’ - 0” (1.2 m) 5’ - 0” (1.5 m)

3’ - 0” (0.9 m) 3’ - 0” (0.9 m) 3’ - 6” (1.1 m) 4’ - 6” (1.4 m)

4.3.2.3 Post Hole Preparation

a. Post holes shall be hand-augured or drilled. b. Soil from the excavations shall be spread uniformly adjacent to the fence line or as directed by the purchaser. c. If rock is encountered, holes shall be drilled into the rock a minimum of 12 inches (300 mm) for line posts and 18 inches (450 mm) for corner or terminal posts. d. Drilled holes in rock shall be 1 inch (25 mm) greater in diameter than post diameters. e. If solid rock is below soil overburden, holes shall be drilled to full depth required, except that penetration into the rock need not exceed minimum depths specified. 4.3.2.4 Post Setting

a. Loose and foreign materials shall be removed from the sides and bottoms of the holes. b. Posts shall be centered and aligned in the holes.

Process Industry Practices

Page 13 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

c. If posts are placed in sleeved holes, nonshrink portland cement grout, approved by the purchaser, shall be used to grout in the posts. d. The soil shall be moistened before placing the concrete. e. The concrete shall be placed in a continuous pour into the hole around the posts and tamp to consolidate. f. The post shall be checked for vertical and horizontal alignment, and secured to allow proper curing of the concrete. g. Except for gateposts, the exposed surface of the concrete foundation shall be set 2 inches (50 mm) above surrounding grade with a smooth 0.5-inch (13-mm) crown, sloping away from the post. h. Footings for gateposts shall extend to the underside of the bottom of the hinge. i. Before placing components such as fabric, rails, tension wire, and gates, the concrete shall have cured a minimum of 7 days unless the concrete reaches at least 75 percent of its design strength. j. Concrete surfaces for gatepost footings shall be kept moist for at least 7 days after placement or cured with membrane-curing material or other purchaser-approved method. 4.3.2.5 Rails and Bracing

a. Fence shall be installed with a top rail and bottom tension wire. b. If it is necessary for a top rail to be omitted, a top tension wire shall be installed. c. Top rails shall be continuous through post caps or extension arms, bending to the radius for wired runs. d. 9-gage minimum fabric tie wire shall be spaced at 2-feet (600-mm) intervals on centers. e. Tension wires shall be installed parallel to the line of fabric by weaving 6-gage minimum wire of the appropriate type through the fabric and tying this wire to each post. f. Top rail and tension wire shall be installed before installing the chain link fabric. g. A manufacturer’s standard expansion/contraction coupling shall be provided every 100 feet (30 m) on straight runs and installed within 2 feet (600 mm) of a line post. h. End clamps shall be used for attaching the top rail or tension wire and braces to the brace terminal and gateposts. i. Corner clamps shall be used for attaching top rails or tension wire and braces to corner posts.

Page 14 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

j. Bracing (1) One brace assembly shall be used for each terminal or gatepost. (2) Two brace assemblies shall be used for each corner or pull post. (3) The brace rail shall be positioned 12 inches (300 mm) below the top tension wire. (4) The diagonal tension member shall be a 3/8-inch (9-mm) galvanized truss rod with truss tightener. (5) Braces shall extend from a line post to the related gate, corner, pull, or terminal post. 4.3.2.6 Fabric

a. The chain link fence fabric shall be installed so that the posts are enclosed. b. The fabric shall be stretched tautly, approximately 2 inches (50 mm) above the ground, and fastened securely to the posts. c. The fabric shall be cut and attached to each span independently at all terminal and corner posts. d. Stretcher bars shall be used with fabric bands spaced at maximum 15-inch (375-mm) intervals to fasten fabric to terminal posts. e. Tie wire, metal bands, or other approved material, attached at maximum 15-inch (375-mm) intervals shall be used to fasten fabric to line posts. f. The top edge of the fabric shall be fastened to the top rail or to the tension wire with wire ties at intervals not exceeding 15 inches (375 mm). g. The bottom edge of fabric shall be fastened to the bottom tension wire with wire ties at intervals not exceeding 15 inches (375 mm). 4.3.2.7 Barbed Wire

a. Barbed wire on gates shall match wire installed on the line fence. b. To accommodate barbed wire, the end members of gates shall be extended 1 foot (300 mm) above the horizontal section of the gate frame. c. Three strands of barbed wire shall be installed. d. Strands shall be spaced uniformly and attached to frame with bands, clips, or eyebolts. e. As specified in the contract documents, extension arms on line posts and corner shall be inclined at approximately 45 degrees toward or away from the property enclosed.

Process Industry Practices

Page 15 of 17

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

f. The strands of barbed wire shall be stretched to remove sag and be anchored firmly to extension arms. 4.3.2.8 Gates

a. Gates shall be installed in accordance with to the locations, type, and size specified in the contract documents. b. Gates shall be braced and trussed to prevent sagging, buckling, and weaving. c. Gates shall be covered with same type of fabric as the fence. d. Vertical members of a gate shall carry the top three strands of barbed wire. e. Fixed end ratchet bands shall be furnished for fastening the barbed wire. f. Hardware (1) Gates shall be furnished with necessary fittings and hardware. (2) Latches provided for use with padlocks and hinges shall allow swing gates to swing 180 degrees. (3) Plunger bars shall have top, bottom, and middle locking points; the middle point shall be arranged for padlocking. (4) Gates shall have keepers that engage automatically when the gate is swung open and that require manual release. g. Gates shall be installed plumb, level, and secure for the full opening without interference. h. Ground items shall be set in concrete in accordance with gate manufacturer’s recommendations. i. Parts and attachments shall be inspected for defects. j. Equipment shall be installed, lubricated, and adjusted to ensure smooth operation. 4.3.2.9 Miscellaneous Installation

a. Tie Wires (1) Tie wires shall be U-shaped and shall conform to the diameters of pipe. (2) The tie wires shall clasp the pipe and fabric firmly with ends twisted at least two full turns. (3) The ends of exposed wires shall be bent to minimize hazards to persons or clothing. (4) Sharp burrs shall be repaired using methods and techniques recommended by the manufacturer.

Page 16 of 17

Process Industry Practices

PIP CVS02830 Fabrication and Installation of Chain Link Fence and Gates

May 2003

b. Nuts for fasteners on tension bands and hardware bolts shall be installed on the side of the fence opposite the fabric. c. The ends of bolts, once secure and checked for smooth operation, shall be peened to prevent removal of nuts. d. Coatings damaged in the field shall be repaired using methods and techniques recommended by the manufacturer. 4.3.3

Grounding Grounding of the fence, fence posts, and gates shall be in accordance with the contract documents.

4.4

4.5

Quality Assurance 4.3.1

The supplier shall be solely responsible for quality control of all furnished materials, installations, and workmanship, including those items or installations furnished by any of the supplier’s subcontractors or vendors.

4.3.2

The purchaser reserves the right to make inspections at any time during the receipt and installation of fencing materials.

4.3.3

The physical locations of features such as fence lines, gates, and terminal posts shall be in accordance with the contract documents.

Storage and Protection 4.4.1

Materials shall be stored 4 to 12 inches (100 to 300 mm) off the ground or slab by using wood blocking or other approved materials. Standard dunnage sizes shall be used.

4.4.2

Materials shall be stored in areas of the job site designated or approved by the purchaser.

Process Industry Practices

Page 17 of 17