Fabricación de Semiconductores

 

Qibvarsbfgf Cgyor fa Pgi Gifrâs

4=-CGZ^O-:4:7 

Eg`uhtgf fa Bimaibarãg Bimaibarãg Ca`gtrðib`g Qibv. Zbvgs Wubspa Gfçi Gcârb`o

HCA@-624 

Z

Egjrb`g`bði fa sacb`oifu`toras

Hos sacb`oifu`toras, tgcjbâi hhgcgfos fbsposbtbvos fa astgfo sðhbfo, raacphgzgroi g hos trgfb`boighas tujos ahâ`trb`os ai hg bifustrbg fasfa cafbgfos fah sbmho \\, yg qua prasaitgjgi mrgifas jaiaeb`bos, tghas `oco hg cbibcbzg`bði fa tgcg÷o, `oisuco fa aiarmãg y `osto, gsã `oco hg cgxbcbzg`bði fa hg furgjbhbfgf y `oiebgjbhbfgf; `gcjbo qua ravohu`boið ah sa`tor aha`trðib`obieorcçtb`o. Ai 7= Trapgrg`bði fah sustrgto. sustrgto . Pa acpbazg faposbtgifo uig `gpg fa catgh `oifu`tbvo fa vgrbos igiðcatros vgrbos  igiðcatros fa mrosor sojra ah sustrgto.    Gp  Gphbhb `g`bð `g` bði i fa hgs ras bigs bi gs eoto  eoto rasbstaitas rasbstaitas . Pa gphb`g sojra hg `gpg catçhb`g otrg `gpg fa rasbig  eotosaisbjha. rasbig eotosaisbjha. Puaha  Puaha sar uig sustgi`bg uig sustgi`bg qua `gcjbg sus `grg`tarãstb`gs quãcb`gs `oi hg axposb`bði g hg huz hg huz (maiarghcaita rgfbg`bði rgfbg`bði  uhtrgvbohatg) uhtrgvbohatg)..   Bitrofu``bði ai ah lorio (`ghaitgcbaito lorio  (`ghaitgcbaito hbmaro). Ai astg atgpg sa ebngi hgs rasbigs sojra ah sustrgto fa sbhb`bo.   Axposb`bði g hg huz. huz. Pa usg uig phg`g (faiocbigfg eotocçs`grg ) `oi çrags opg`gs y trgispgraitas `oi ah pgtrði g bcprbcbr. Hg eotocçs`grg sa `oho`g bitarpoibâifosa aitra hg phg`g prapgrgfg y hg euaita hucbiosg, fa asta cofo, sa axpoiai g hg huz, sðho uigs pgrtas fa hg eotorrasbig, cbaitrgs qua otrgs quafgi o`uhtgs ai hg os`urbfgf.

 

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Hg huz qua sa utbhbzg tbaia uig hoimbtuf fa oifg ai hg zoig uhtrgvbohatg (QU) fah aspa`tro. aspa` tro. @ugito cçs `ortg hg hoimbtuf fa oifg, cgyor hg rasohu`bði qua sa puafa gh`gizgr, por ho qua sbacpra sa lgi bfo jus`gfo euaitas fa huz (hçcpgrgs o hçsaras) `oi caior hoimbtuf fa oifg. Bib`bghcaita sa utbhbzgroi hçcpgrgs fa car`urbo (Lm), y postarborcaita acpazgroi g utbhbzgrsa hçsaras fa ax`ãcaro, `oi hoimbtufas fa oifg gþi cçs `ortgs. G`tughcaita sa utbhbzgi prbi`bpghcaita hos hçsaras fa KrE, `oi hg hoimbtuf fa oifg fa :6 fbeusbði o bcphgitg`bði bðib`g. @oi astgs tâ`ib`gs sa puafa fopgr saha`tbvgcaita ah sujstrgto fah sacb`oifu`tor y profu`br ramboias tbpo p ð tbpo i samþi `oivaimg.

 

Lgstg `ocbaizos fa 72=4, ah fopgfo saha`tbvo sa raghbzgjg prbi`bpghcaita cafbgita fbeusbði g ghtgs tacpargturgs. Ai asta câtofo hos çtocos fa fopgita sa `oho`gi ai hg supareb`ba fah sacb`oifu`tor o `ar`g fa ahhg por faposb`bði g pgrtbr fah propbo fopgita ai egsa mgsaosg o jbai g pgrtbr fa ðxbfos fopgfos. Hg `oi`aitrg`bði fa fopgita fbscbiuya coiðtoigcaita g cafbfg qua sa ghang fa hg supareb`ba, y ah parebh fa fopgfo fapaifa tgito fa hg tacpargturg `oco fah tbacpo fa fbeusbði G pgrtbr fa 72=4, bðib`g. cu`lgsAi oparg`boias fa hos f opgfo fopgfo saha`tbvo lgi sbfo raghbzgfgs cafbgita fa bcphgitg`bði astg tâ`ib`g, çtocos fah fopgita soi bcphgitgfos ai ah tâ`ib`gs bitarbor fah sacb`oifu`tor por cafbo fa lg`as bðib`os fa ghtg aiarmãg. Ah parebh fah fopgfo tbaia ui cçxbco ai ah bitarbor fah sacb`oifu`tor, y astç fatarcbigfo por hg cgsg fa hos boias y hg aiarmãg `oi qua sa lg`ai bi`bfbr hos cbscos sojra hg supareb`ba sacb`oifu`torg. Hgs vaitgngs fa hg bcphgitg`bði bðib`g sojra hg fbeusbði soi ui `oitroh pra`bso fa hg `gitbfgf fa fopgitas bitrofu`bfos, hg raprofu`tbjbhbfgf fa hos parebhas fa bcpurazgs y uig caior tacpargturg fa pro`aso.

Tarebh fa bcpurazgs rasuhtgita fa hg bcphgitg`bði bðib`g fa eðseoro ai sbhb`bo.

Tgrg profu`br hg fbeusbði fa bcpurazgs ai ah bitarbor fah sacb`oifu`tor, sa `oho`gi hgs ojhags fah cbsco ai ah bitarbor fa ui lorio g trgvâs fah `ugh sa lg`a pgsgr ui mgs biarta portgfor qua `oitaimg ah fopgita fasagfo. Ah sbstacg as sbcbhgr gh acphagfo ai hg oxbfg`bði târcb`g. Hos rgimos fa tacpargturg vgi aitra