F. Model Konsep Dan Teori Keperawatan Imogene M. King

 

Hdnkm @dlskp Ncl ^kdrg @kpkrcwctcl Ghdfklk H. @glf

Hc`cmce Ngcau`cl ultu` hkhklueg scmce sctu tufcs glngvgnu pcnc hctc `umgce `dlskp ncscr `kpkrcwctcl Auruscl `kpkrcwctcl skhkstkr G

Ng Zusul Dmke

Lchc 1 Ekmhcmgc Yutrg Lgh 1 O^?9939>? @kmcs 1 3O

C@CNKHG @KYK_CVC^CL OC^C_G ^DAC VC^CHYDLK ?9?9/?9?3

 

@C^C YKLFCL^C_ 

Yuag ncl syu`ur syu`ur pklumgs pklumgs pclact`cl `kecngrct `kecngrct ^uecl ^uecl Wclf Hcec Ksc yclf tkmce hkhokrg`cl rcehct ncl `crulgc-Lyc skeglffc pklumgs ncpct hklykmkscg`cl Hc`cmc Hc` cmce e gglg gglg nklfcl nklfcl aunum ” Hdnkm @dlskp Ncl ^kdrg ^kdrg @kpkrcwctcl Ghdfklk H. @glf‘

Hks`gpul oclyc` echoctcl yclf `chg cmchg ncmch prdsks pkhouctcl hc`cmce glg,lchul `chg hchpu hklykmkscg`cl hc`cmce glg nklfcl tkpct wc`tu. Ag`c ngncmch hc`cmce glg hcsge oclyc` `k`urclfcl ncl `kscmcecl,hc`c `chg hkhdedl hccb ctcslyc.@chg hklycncrg ocewc hc`cmce `chg acue ncrg `kskhpurlccl. Mkoge ncl `urclflyc ng ujcp`cl ^krghc @csge.   Vctchpdlk, 9; D`tdokr ?9?9 Yklumgs

Ekmhcmgc Yutrg

 Lgh. O^?9939>?

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NCB^C_ GZG

@C^C @C^ C YKLF YKLFCL^ CL^C_ C_ ………… ………………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……… g NCB^ NC B^C_ C_ GZG GZG ………… ……………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………. …. gg OCO OC O G YKLN YKLNCE CE[M [M[C [CL L ………… ……………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… …….. 3 C. Mctc Mctcrr okmc okmc`c `clf lf ………… ……………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… …… 3 O. _uhu _uhuscl scl hcscm hcscmce… ce……… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… …… ? J. ^uau ^uaucl cl ………… ……………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………. …. ? OCO GG YKHO YKHOCEC CECZCL ZCL ……………… ……………………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……… : C. O. J. N.

Csuh Csuhsg sg hdn hdnkm km `dl `dlskp skp nc ncl l tkd tkdrg rg ghd ghdfk fklk lk h. h. @glf @glf ………… ……………… ………… …… Hdn Hdnkm km @dlskp @dlskp ncl ^kdrg ^kdrg Ghdfk Ghdfklk lk H. H. @glf @glf ^krn ^krngrg grg ncrg ncrg ^gfc ^gfc Zgst Zgstkh… kh… @dl @dlskp skp [tchc [tchc Ycrcng Ycrcngfhc fhc @kpkrc @kpkrcwct wctcl cl Hkluru Hklurutt Ghdf Ghdfklk klk H. @glf @glf … ^kdr ^kdrgg GGhd hdfk fklk lk H. @glf @glf nc ncmc mch h Yr Yrds dsks ks @kpk @kpkrcw rcwct ctcl cl ………… ……………… ……… …

: : 6 7

OCO GGG YKL[^[Y……………………………………………………………..33 C. @ksgh @ksghpu pumc mcl l ………… ……………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ……… … 33 O. Zcr Zcrcl……… cl……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… …………… …… 33 NCB^C_ NCB^ C_ Y[Z^C@C Y[Z^C@C …………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………… ……………….. 3?

gg | Y c f k

 

OCO G YKLNCE[M[CL C.

MC^C_ OKMC@CLF

Ykr` Ykr`kh khoc oclf lfcl cl `k `kpk pkrcw rcwctc ctcl l ng Gl Glnd ndlk lksgc sgc tgnc tgnc` ` tk tkrmk rmkpc pcss nc ncrg rg  pklfcrue pkr`khoclfcl `kpkrcwctcl skjcrc fmdocm. Nklfcl akmcs ncpct ngchctg ocewc skjcrc okr`kmclautcl `kpkrcwctcl ng Glndlksgc hklfcmchg  pkr`khoclfcl yclf pksct. Ocg` ngognclf pklngng`cl hcupul ng tctclcl  prc`tk` `kpkrcwctcl. Ycnc hcsc mcmu `kpkrcwctcl ngmc`u`cl mkoge  okrncscr`cl gltugsg ncl trcngsg skeglffc `kpkrcwctcl ngclffcp eclyc skocfcg `gct tclpc `dhpdlkl gmhgce ncl mclncscl `kgmhucl yclf `d`de. Zcmce sctu `dhpdlkl pkltglf pklfkhoclfcl ngsgpmgl `kpkrcwctcl cncmce cnc mce rgskt rgskt `kpkrcw `kpkrcwctc ctcl, l, `crklc `crklc rgskt rgskt `kpkrc `kpkrcwct wctcl cl sclfct sclfct ngpkrmu ngpkrmu`cl `cl ultu` ult u` hklykm hklykmkscg kscg`cl `cl hcscmc hcscmce e `kpkrcw `kpkrcwctc ctcl l ncl hklfkh hklfkhocl oclf`c f`cl l ctcu ctcu hklvcmgncsg tkdrg yclf sclfct ngoutue`cl skocfcg mclncscl ncmch prc`tk`  `kpkrcwctcl `kpkrc wctcl skrtc pklfkhoclf pklfkhoclfcl cl tuoue gmhu pklfktceuc pklfktceucl l `kpkrcwctcl `kpkrcwctcl (Odny db @ldwmknfk). Hcscmce yclf huljum cncmce cpcogmc pklkmgtg `urclf tkpct ncmch hklyusul `krclf`c `krac tkdrg/`dlskp sksucg nklfcl vcrgcokm yclf c`cl ngtk ngtkmg mgtg tg,, sk skeg eglf lffc fc ecsg ecsgmm pklk pklkmg mgtg tgcl cl c` c`cl cl `u `urc rclf lf ok okrh rhc` c`lc lc nc ncmc mch h  pkr`khoclfcl tuoue gmhu pklfktceucl `kpkrcwctcl (Odny db  @ldw @l dwmk mknf nfk) k) nc ncl l c` c`cl cl hkhp hkhpkl klfc fcru rueg eg pk pklk lkrcp rcpcl clly lycc nc ncmc mch h pr prc` c`tk tk`  `  `kpkrcwctcl. [ltu` hklfeglncrg ecm tkrskout, skokmuh suctu tkdrg ngtkrcp`cl  pcnc prc`tk` `kpkrcwctcl tkrtkltu ncl ngpkrfulc`cl pklkmgtg skocfcg `krclf `kr clf`c `c `krac `krac tkdrg/` tkdrg/`dls dlskp kp ncrg ncrg suctu suctu rgskt rgskt `kpkrcw `kpkrcwctc ctcl, l, sclfct sclfct pkrmu pkrmu tkrmk tkrmkog oge e nc nceu eumu mu ngmc ngmc`u `u`c `cl l ^ekd ^ekdry ry Clcm Clcmys ysgs gs.. Yc Ycnc nc nc ncsc scrl rlyc yc ^ekd ^ekdry ry Clcmys Clc mysgs gs hkhpul hkhpulycg ycg prdskn prdsknur ur cltcrc cltcrc mcg mcgl l drgfgl drgfgls, s, hkclgl hkclglf, f, mdfgjcm mdfgjcm cnkquc cnk qucjy, jy, uskbuml uskbumlkss, kss, fklkrcm fklkrcmgzco gzcogmgt gmgty, y, pcrsgh pcrsghdly dly ncl tkstcog tkstcogmgt mgty y yclf yclf  okrtuaucl ultu` hklfktceug `kmkogecl, `ktkroctcscl ncl hclbcct ncrg tkdrg tkrskout skeglffc ncpct ngpkrtghoclf`cl ultu` tchocecl pklfuagcl ctcu vcmgncsg. Ncmch tumgscl glg hkljdoc ultu` hklycag`cl ecsgm clcmgsc ^ekdry db Fdcm Cttcglhkl Cttcglhkltt yclf yclf ngpkr` ngpkr`klc klcm`c m`cl l dmke dmke Ghdfkl Ghdfklkk H. @glf pcnc tceul tce ul 3763. 3763. ^kdrg ^kdrg pkljcp pkljcpcgcl cgcl tuaucl tuaucl hkrupc hkrupc`cl `cl tkdrg tkdrg yclf yclf okrsgbc okrsgbctt tkro tkrou` u`cc nc ncl l nglc nglchg hgs, s, nk nklf lfcl cl sk skho hogm gmcl cl `d `dls lskp kp ut utch chcc yc yclf lf hkmg hkmgpu putg tg gltkrc`sg, pkrskpsg, `dhulg`csg, trclsc`sg, pkrcl, strkss, tuhoue `khoclf, wc`tu ncl ruclf (Hcrrglkr, C. 3752).

3|Ycfk

 

O.

YK_[H[ZCL HCZCMCE Cncpul Cncpu l okokrcpc okokrcpc hcscmce yclf c`cl c`cl ngruhus`cl ngruhus`cl ncmch ncmch hcscmce `dlskp `kpkrcwctcl cltcrc mcgl 1 3. ?. :. >.

J.

hkhkjce`cl hkhkjce`cl

Cpc scac csuhsg hdnkm `dlskp `kpkrcwctcl Ghdfklk H. @glf4 Cpc scac hdnkm `dlskp `dlskp ncl tkdrg `kpkrcwctcl Ghdfklk H. @glf4 Cpc scac `dlskp pcrcngfhc `kpkrcwctcl Ghdfklk H. @glf4 Cpc scac prdsks `kpkrcwctcl hklurut Ghdfklk H. @glf4

^[A[CL ^uaucl ngouctlyc hc`cmce glg cncmce skocfcg okrg`ut. 3. Hklfktceug Hklfktceug csuhsg hdnkm hdnkm `kpkrcwtc `kpkrcwtcl l Ghdfklk Ghdfklk H. @glf. @glf. ?. Hklfktceug Hklfktceug hdnkm hdnkm `dlskp `dlskp ncl tkdrg tkdrg `kpkrcwct `kpkrcwctcl cl Ghdfklk Ghdfklk H. @glf. @glf. :. Hklfkt Hklfktceu ceugg `dlskp `dlskp pcrcng pcrcngfhc fhc Ghdfk Ghdfklk lk H. @glf. @glf. >. Hklfktceug Hklfktceug prdsks @kpkrcwctcl @kpkrcwctcl hklurut hklurut Ghdfkl Ghdfklkk H. @glf

?|Ycfk

 

OCO GG YKHOCECZCL C.

CZ[H CZ[HZG ZG HDNKM DNKM @DLZ @DLZKY KY NCL NCL ^KD ^KD_G _G GHDF GHDFKL KLK K H. @GLF @GLF

Ghdfklk H. @glf hklfcsuhsg`cl hdnkm `dlskp ncl tkdrg `kpkrcwctcl skjcrc k`spmgsgt hcupul ghpmgsgt. Csuhsg K`spmgsgt c. Bd`u Bd`uss skltr skltrcm cm nc ncrg rg `k `kpk pkrcw rcwctc ctcl l cn cncm cmce ce gl gltkr tkrc` c`sg sg nc ncrg rg hclu hclusgc sgc ncl mglf`ulfclyc, nklfcl tuaucl ultu` `kskectcl hclusgc.  o. Glngvgnu cncmce sdsgcm, rcsgdlcm, rkc`sg, pklkrghccl, `dltrdm,  okrdrgkltcsg pcnc `kfgctcl wc`tu. j. Yrdsks gltkrc` gltkrc`sg sg ngpklfcrue ngpklfcruegg dmke pkrskpsg pkrskpsg,, tuaucl, tuaucl, `koutue `koutuecl, cl, ncl ncl lgmcg lgmcg `mgkl skrtc pkrcwct. n. Hcl Hclus usgc gc sk sko ocfcg cfcg pcsg pcsgkl kl hkhp khpul ulyc ycgg ec ec` ` ult ltu u` hkl hklnc ncp pct ct` `cl gl glbd bdrh rhcs csg, g, okr krp pcr crtg tgsg sgpc pcsg sg ncm cmch ch hkh hkhou ouct ct `kp kpu utu tusc scl l yclf yclf hkhpklfcrueg hkhpklfcru eg `kegnupcl `kegnupcllyc, lyc, `kskectcl, `kskectcl, ncl pkmcyclcl pkmcyclcl `dhulgtcs `dhulgtcs ncl hklkrghc ctcu hkldmc` `kpkrcwctcl. k. ^clf ^clffu fulf lf acwc acwco o ncrg ncrg clff clffdt dtcc tgh tgh `k `ksk skec ectc tcl l cn cncm cmce ce hkho hkhokr krg` g`cl cl glbdrh glb drhcsg csg `kpcnc `kpcnc glngvg glngvgnu nu tkltcl tkltclf f skhuc skhuc cspk` cspk` `kskec `kskectcl tcl ultu`  ultu`  hkhocltu hkrk`c hkhouct ctcu hklfchogm `kputuscl. b. ^uau ^uaucl cl nc ncrg rg hkho hkhokr krgg pk pkmc mcyc yclc lcl l `k `ksk skec ectc tcl l ncl ncl hklk hklkrgh rghcc pk pkmcy mcycl clcl cl hulf`gl tgnc` schc. Csuhsg Ghpmgsgt

c. Ycsgkl glfgl okrpcrtgsgpc okrpcrtgsgpcsg sg skjcrc skjcrc c`tgb c`tgb ncmch ncmch prdsks prdsks `kpkrcwctcl. `kpkrcwctcl.  o. Ycsgkl scncr, c`tgb, ncl skjcrc `dflgtgb hchpu okrpcrtgsgpcsg ncmch  pkhouctcl ctcu pklfchogmcl `kputuscl. j. Glngvgnu Glngvgnu hkhpul hkhpulycg ycg ec` ultu` hklfktceug hklfktceug tkltcl tkltclf f ngrglyc ngrglyc sklngrg. sklngrg. n. Gl Glng ngvg vgnu nu hkhp hkhpul ulyc ycgg ec ec` ` ul ultu tu` ` hklk hklkrg rghc hc ct ctcu cu hkld hkldmc mc` ` pk pkmc mcyc yclc lcl l `kskectcl. O.

Hdnk Hdnkmm @dl @dlsk skp p ncl ncl ^kdr ^kdrgg Ghd Ghdfk fklk lk H. @glf @glf ^krn ^krngr grgg ncr ncrgg ^gf ^gfc c Zgs Zgstk tkh h 3. Zgstkh Ykrsdlcm Hklu Hk luru rutt @glf @glf sktgc sktgcp p gl glng ngvg vgnu nu cn cncmc cmce e sgstk sgstkh h pk pkrsd rsdlc lcmm (sgstk (sgstkh h tkro tkrou` u`c). c). [ltu [ltu` ` sgstk sgstkh h pk pkrs rsdl dlcm cm `d `dls lskp kp yc yclf lf rkmkv rkmkvcl cl cn cncmc cmce e  pkrskpsg (pkrjkptgdl), ngrg (skmb), pkrtuhouecl ncl  pkr`khoclfcl (frdwte cln nkvkmdphklt), jgtrc ngrg (odny

ghcfk), ruclf (spcjk), ncl wc`tu (tghk).

:|Ycfk

 

c.

 o.

j.

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Ykrskpsg (pk (pkrjkptgdl) Ykrskpsg Ykrskp sg cncmce fchocrcl skskdrclf tkltclf doak`, drclf ncl `kacngcl-`kacngcl. Ykrskpsg okroknc ncrg sctu drclf `k drclf mcgl ncl ecm glg tkrfcltulf nklfcl pklfcmchcl hcsc mcmu, mctcr   okmc`clf, pklfktcuecl ncl stctus khdsg. @crc`tkrgstg` pkrskpsg cncmce ulgvkrscm ctcu ngcmchg dmke skhuc, skmk`tgb ultu` skhuc drclf, nclsuoak`tgb ctcu pkrsdlcm. Ngrg (skmb) Ngrg cncmce ocfgcl ncmch ngrg skskdrclf yclf okrgsg oklnc oklnc ncl drclf mcgl. Ngrg cncmce glngvgnu ctcu ogmc skskdrclf  okr`ctc ”C@[‘. @crc`tkrgstg` ngrg cncmce glngvgnu yclf nglchgs, sgstkh tkrou`c ncl drgkltcsg pcnc tuaucl. Ykrtu Ykrtuho houe uecl cl nc ncl l pkr` pkr`kh khoc oclf lfcl cl (fr (frdw dwte te cl cln n nkv nkvkm kmdp dphk hklt lt)) ^uho ^u houe ue `k `kho hocl clf f hkmg hkmgpu putg tg pk pkru ruoc ocec ecl l sk skm, m, hdmk hdmk`u `umm nc ncl l  pkrgmc`u hclusgc. Ykruoceclglg ogcsclyc tkracng nklfcl jcrc yclf tkrtgo, ncl ncpct ngprkng`sgc`cl wcmcupul glngvgnu gtu

 okrvcrgcsg, ncl suhoclfcl bulfsg fklktg`, pklfcmchcl yclf  okrcrtg ncl hkhucs`cl. ^uhoue `khoclf ncpct ngnkbglgsg`cl skocfcg prdsks ngskmurue `kegnupcl skskdrclf nghclc ngc okrfkrc` ncrg pdtklsgcm ultu` hkljcpcg c`tucmgscsg ngrg. n. Jgtrc ngrg (odny ghcfk) @glf hklnkbglgsg`cl jgtrc ngrg skocfcg jcrc ocfcghclc drclf hkrc rcssc`cl tuouelyc ncl rkc kc` `sg-r sg-rkkc`sg mcgl ultu`   pklchpgmclyc. k. _uclf (spcjk) _uclf _uc lf cncmce cncmce ulgvkr ulgvkrscm scm skoco skoco skhuc skhuc drclf drclf pulyc pulyc `dlskp `dlskp ruclf ruc lf,, pkrsdl pkrsdlcm cm ctcu ctcu suoak` suoak`tgb tgb,, glngvg glngvgnuc nucm, m, sgtucsg sgtucsgdlc dlcm, m, ncl tkrfcl tkr fcltul tulf f nklfcl nklfcl euoulf euoulfcly clycc nklfcl nklfcl sgtucsg, sgtucsg, acrc` acrc` ncl wc`tu, trclsc`sgdlcm, ctcu okrncscr`cl pcnc pkrskpsg glngvgnu tkrecncp sgtucsg. Nkbglgsg skjcrc dpkrcsgdclcm, ruclf hkmgputg ruclf yclf cnc ultu` skhuc crce, ngnkbglgsg`cl skocfcg crkc bg bgsg sg` ` ycl clf f ngs gsko kout ut tk tkrr rrgt gtd dry ncl pk pkrg rgmc mc`u `u dr drcl clf f ycl clf f hklkhpctglyc. b. Vc`tu (tghk) @glf hklnkbgsg`cl wc`tu skocfcg mchc cltcrc sctu `kacngcl nklfcl `kacngcl yclf mcgl, hkrupc`cl pklfcmchcl ulg` sktgcp drclf Zgstkh Gl Gltkrpkrsdlcm

>|Ycfk

 

@glf hklfkhu`c`cl sgstkh gltkrpkrsdlcm tkrokltu` dmke gltkrc`sg cltcr hclusgc. Gltkrc`sg cltcr nuc drclf ngskout NWCN, tgfc drclf ngskou ngs koutt ^_GCN, ^_GCN, ncl khpct khpct drclf drclf ngskou ngskoutt F_D[Y F_D[Y.. @dlskp @dlskp yclf yclf rkmkvcl nklfcl sgstkh gltkrpkrsdlc gltkrpkrsdlcmm cncmce gltkrc`sg, `dhulg`csg `dhulg`csg,, trclsc`sg, pkrcl ncl strkss. c. Gltkrc`sg Gl Gltkr tkrc` c`sg sg ngnk ngnkbg bglg lgsg` sg`cl cl skocf skocfcg cg tglf tglf`c `ce e mc mc`u `u yc yclf lf nc ncpc pctt ngdoskrvcsg dmke nuc drclf ctcu mkoge ngncmch euoulfcl tghocm  ocmg`.  o. @dhulg`csg @glf hklnkbglgsg`cl `dhulg`csg skocfcg prdsks nghclc glbdrhcsg yclf ngokrg`cl ncrg sctu drclf `k drclf mcgl  ocg` mclfsulf hcupul tgnc` mclfsulf, hgscmlyc hkmcmug tkmkpdl tkmk pdl,, tkm tkmkvg kvgsg sg ctcu tumgscl tumgscl.. Jgrg-j Jgrg-jgrg grg `dhulg `dhulg`cs `csgg cncmce cncmce vkrocm, ldl vkrocm, sgtucsgdlcm, pkrjkptucm, trclsc`sgdlcm, tgnc`  nc ncpc pctt nguo nguoce ce,, ok okrf rfkr krc` c` hcau hcau nc ncmc mch h wc`t wc`tu, u, pk pkrsd rsdlc lcm, m, nc ncl l

j.

n.

k.

nglchgs. nglchg s. @dhul @dhulg`c g`csg sg ncpct ncpct ngmc`u ngmc`u`cl `cl skjcrc skjcrc mgscl mgscl hcupul hcupul tkrtumgs ncmch hklychpcg`cl gnk-gnk sctu drclf `k drclf mcgl. Cspk Cs pk` ` pkrg pkrgmc mc`u `u ldlv ldlvkr kroc ocmm yc yclf lf sc sclf lfct ct pk pklt ltgl glf f cn cncm cmce ce sk sklt ltue uecl cl.. Cspk Cspk` ` mcgl mcgl nc ncrg rg pk pkrgm rgmc` c`u u cn cncm cmce ce ac acrc` rc`,, pd pdst stur ur,, k`sprksg wcace, pklchpgmcl bgsg` ncl fkrc`cl tuoue. ^rclsc`sg Jgrg Jgrg-j -jgr grgg tr trcl clsc sc`s `sgg cncm cncmce ce ul ulg` g`,, `c `crk rklc lc sk sktg tgcp cp gl glng ngvg vgnu nu hkhpul hkh pulycg ycg rkcmgtcs rkcmgtcs pkrsdl pkrsdlcm cm okrncs okrncscr` cr`cl cl pkrskp pkrskpsg sg hkrk`c hkrk`c.. Nghkls Ngh klsgg tkhpdr tkhpdrcm-s cm-spct pctgcm gcm,, hkrk`c hkrk`c hkhpul hkhpulycg ycg pklfcm pklfcmchc chcl l ctcu rclf`cgcl-rclf`cgcl `kacngcl ncmch wc`tu. Ykrcl Ykrcl hkmgoct`cl hkmgoct`cl sksuctu yclf tghocm ocmg` nghclc skskdrclf  pcnc suctu scct skocfcg pkhokrg ncl ngscct yclf mcgl skocfcg  pklkrghc. Cnc : kmkhkl utchc pkrcl ycgtu, pkrcl okrgsg  pkrgmc`u yclf ng ecrcp`cl pcnc drclf yclf hklnunu`g pdsgsg ng sgstkh sdsgcm, prdsknur ctcu cturcl yclf ngtkltu`cl dmke ec`  nc ncl l `k `kwc wcag agoc ocl l yc yclf lf ok okre reuo uoul ulfc fcl l nk nklf lfcl cl pr prds dskn knur ur ct ctcu cu drfclgscsg, ncl euoulfcl cltcrc ? drclf ctcu mkoge okrgltkrc`sg ultu` tuaucl pcnc sgtucsg `eusus. Ztrkss Nkbg Nk bglg lgsg sg str strkss kss hklu hkluru rutt @g @glf lf cn cncm cmce ce suct suctu u `k `kcn cnccl ccl yc yclf lf nglchgs nghclcpul hclusgc sgc okrgl rgltkrc` c`sg sg nklfcl mglf`ulfcllyc ultu` hkhkmgecrc `kskghoclfcl pkrtuhouecl,  pkr`khoclfcl ncl pkrouctcl yclf hkmgoct`cl pkrtu`crcl

;|Ycfk

 

klkrfg ncl glbdrhsg cltcrc skskdrclf nklfcl mglf`ulfcllyc ultu` ult u` hklfct hklfctur ur strkssd strkssdr. r. Ztrkss Ztrkss cncmce cncmce suctu suctu yclf yclf nglchg nglchgss skeuoulfcl nklfcl sgstkh tkrou`c yclf tkrus-hklkrus tkracng  pkrtu`crcl nklfcl mglf`ulcfl, gltklsgtcslyc okrvcrgcsg, cnc

:.

nghk nghkls lsgg yclf yclf tk tkhp hpdr drcm cm-s -spc pctg tgcm cm yc yclf lf ng ngpk pklf lfcr crue uegg dm dmke ke  pklfcmchcl hcsc mcmu, glngvgnucm, pkrsdlcm, ncl suoak`tgb. suoak`tgb. Zgstkh Zdsgcm @glf hklnkbglgsg`cl sgstkh sdsgcm skocfcg sgstkh pkhoctcs pkrcl drfclgscsg sdsgscm, pkrgmc`u, ncl prc`tg` yclf ng`khoclf`cl ultu`  hkhkmgecrc hkhkmg ecrc lgmcg-lgmcg lgmcg-lgmcg ncl hk`clgshk hk`clgshk pklfcturcl pklfcturcl cltcrc prc`tg` prc`tg` ncl cturcl (Fkdrfk, 377;). @dlskp yclf rkmkvcl nklfcl sgstkh sgst kh sdsgcm sdsgcm cncmce cncmce drfclg drfclgscsg scsg,, dtdrgtc dtdrgtcs, s, `k`ucs `k`ucsccl ccl,, stctus stctus ncl  pklfchogmcl `kputuscl. c. Drfclgscsg Drfc Dr fclg lgscs scsgg ok okrj rjgr grg` g`cl cl stru stru`t `tur ur pd pdsg sgsg sg yc yclf lf ok okru ruru rutc tcl l nc ncl l c`tgbgt c`t gbgtcs cs yclf yclf okreu okreuoul oulfcl fcl nklfcl nklfcl pklfct pklfcturc urcl l bdrhcm bdrhcm ncl glbdrh glb drhcm cm skskdrc skskdrclf lf ncl `kmdhp `kmdhpd` d` ultu` ultu` hkljcp hkljcpcg cg tuaucl tuaucl  pkrsdlcm ctcu drfclgscsg.  o. Dtdrgtcs @glf @glf hkln hklnkb kbgl glgs gsg` g`cl cl dt dtdr drgt gtcs cs ct ctcu cu wkwk wkwklc lclf lf,, oc ocew ewcc wkwklclf gtu c`tgb, prdsks trclsc`sg yclf tghocm ocmg` nghclc mctc mctcrr okmc okmc` `clf clf, pkr krsk skp psg, sg, lg lgmc mcgg-lg lgmc mcgg nc ncrg rg pkh pkhkf kfcl clf f hkhpkl hkh pklfcr fcrueg ueg nkbglg nkbglgsg, sg, vcmgnc vcmgncsg sg ncl pklkrg pklkrghcc hccl l pd pdsgsg sgsg ng ncmch drfclgscsg skrtcokreuoulfcl nklfcl wkwklclf. j. @k`ucsccl @k` k`uc ucsc sccl cl cncm cncmce ce ulg lgv vkr krsc scm, m, sgtu sgtucs csgd gdlc lcm, m, ct ctcu cu ou` u`cl cl suhoclfcl pkrsdlcm, ksklsgcm ncmch drfclgscsg, ngoctcsg dmke suhokr-suhokr ncmch suctu sgtucsg, nglchgs ncl drgkltcsg pcnc tuaucl. n. Ykhouctcl `kputuscl Ykho khouctc uctcl l ctcu ctcu pk pkl lfc fch hog ogmc mcl l `k `kp put utu usc scl l okrjg krjgrg rg`c `cl l ul ultu tu`h `hkl klfc fctu turr sktgc sktgcp p `k `keg egnu nupc pcl l nc ncl l pk pk`k `krac raccl cl,, dr drcl clf, f, ulgvkrscm, ulgv krscm, glngvgnucm glngvgnucm,, pkrsdlcm, pkrsdlcm, suoak`tgb, suoak`tgb, sgtucsg sgtucsgdlcm, dlcm, prdsks yclf tkrus hklkrus, ncl okrdrgkltcsg pcnc tuaucl. k. Ztctus Ztctus okrjgrg`cl sgtucsgdlcm, pdsgsg `ktkrfcltulfcl, ncl ncpct nguoce. @glf hklnkbglgsg`cl stctus skocfcg pdsgsg skskdrclf ngncmch `kmdhpd` ctcu `kmdhpd` ncmch euoulfcllyc nklfcl `kmdhpd` mcgl ng ncmch drfclgscsg ncl hklfklcmg ocewc stctus

2|Ycfk

 

 okreuoulfcl nklfcl ec`-ec` gstghkwc, tufcs-tufcs, ncl `kwcagocl. @ktgfc sgstkh tkrskout hkhokltu` euoulfcl pkrsdlcm cltcrc  pkrcwct ncl pcsgkl/`mgkl. Euoulfcl pkrcwct ncl pcsgkl/`mgkl hkrupc`cl scrclc ncmch pkhokrgcl csuecl `kpkrcwctcl, ng hclcc prdsks hcl prdsks gltkrp gltkrpkrsd krsdlcm lcm nglchg nglchgss yclf yclf ngtchp ngtchpgm` gm`cl cl dmke dmke  pkrcwct ncl pcsgkl/`mgkl ngpklfcrueg dmke pkrgmc`u sctu nklfcl yclf mcgl, nkhg`gcl aufc dmke sgstkh csuecl `kskectcl yclf clf okr krmc mc` `u. ^uau uaucl pkr krcw cwct ct cn cncm cmce ce hkh hkhcl clbc bcct ct`c `cl l `dhulg`csg ultu` hkhocltu pcsgkl/`mgkl ncmch hkljgptc`cl ncl hkhpkrtcecl`cl cncptcsg pdsgtgb tkrecncp tk recncp mglf`ulfcl. J.

@dls @dlskp kp [tch [tchc c Ycr Ycrcn cngf gfhc hc @kpk @kpkrc rcwc wctc tcl l Hkl Hklur urut ut Ghdf Ghdfkl klkk H. H. @gl @glf f 3. @dlskp Hc Hclusgc @g @glf lf hkhc hkhcln lncl clf f hclu hclusg sgcc sk skoc ocfc fcgg suctu suctu sgstk sgstkh h tk tkro rou` u`cc yc yclf lf  okrgltkrc`sg nklfcl mglf`ulfcl, skeglffc hkhulf`gl`cl oklnc, klkrfg klk rfg,, ncl glbdrh glbdrhcsg csg nklfcl nklfcl mkmucsc mkmucsc hkhpkl hkhpklfcr fcrueg ueglyc lyc.. Ncmch Ncmch `krclf `kr clf`c `c `dlskp `dlskplyc lyc hkmgpu hkmgputg tg tgfc tgfc sgstkh sgstkh gltkrc` gltkrc`sg sg yclf yclf nglchg nglchgss skocfcg glngvgnu ngskout skocfcg sgstkh pkrsdlcm, `ktg`c elngvgnu glg  okrsctu ncmch `kmdhpd` ngskout sgstkh gltkrpkrsdlcm. Zgstkh sdsgcm tkrjgptc `ktg`c `kmdhpd` hkhpulycg `ktkrtcrg`cl ncl tuaucl yclf schc ncmch sctu `dhulgtcs ctcu hcsycrc`ct. Hklurut Ghdfklk H. @glf, hclusgc hkhgmg`g tgfc `koutuecl pd`d`  c) `k `kou outu tuec ecl l gl glbd bdrh rhcsg csg `kskec `kskectc tcl l yc yclf lf tgnc` tgnc` hchp hchpu u pc pcnc nc sc scct ct ngpkrmu`cl ncl ncpct ngfulc`cl.  o) @koutuecl ultu` pkrcwctcl yclf okrtuaucl ultu` hkljkfce  pklyc`gt. j) @ko @koutu utuecl ecl ultu ltu` pkr krcw cwct ctcl cl `kt ktg` g`cc hclu hclusg sgcc tgnc tgnc` ` ncp cpct ct hkhocltu/hkrcwct ngrg hkrk`c sklngrg. ?. @dlskp Zkect @glf hklnkbglgsg`cl skect skocfcg pklfcmchcl egnup hclusgc yclf nglchgs, yclf skjcrc okr`kmclautcl hkmc`u`cl pklyksucgcl tkrecncp strkssdr gltkrlcm ncl k`stkrlcm hkmkwctg rkltclf skect sc`gt, nklfcl hklffu hkl ffulc` lc`cl cl suhokr suhokr,su ,suhok hokrr yclf yclf nghgmg nghgmg`g `g dmke dmke skskdrc skskdrclf lf ctcu ctcu glngvgnu ultu` hkljcpcg `kegnupcl skecrg-ecrg yclf hc`sghcm. :. @dlskp Mg Mglf`ulfcl Hkluru Hkl urutt @glf @glf mglf`u mglf`ulfc lfcl l cncmce cncmce sgstkh sgstkh sdsgcm sdsgcm yclf yclf cnc ncmch ncmch hcsycrc`ct yclf scmglf okrgltkrc`sg nklfcl sgstkh mcgllyc skjcrc tkrou`c. Hkrupc`cl `k`uctcl nglchgs yclf hkhpklfcrueg pkrgmc`u

sdsgcm,, gltkrc`sg, sdsgcm gltkrc`sg, pkrskpsg, pkrskpsg, ncl `kskectcl. `kskectcl. Mglf`ulf Mglf`ulfcl cl hkrupc`cl hkrupc`cl

6|Y cfk

 

suctu sgstkh tkrou`c yclf hklulau``cl pklu`crcl hcscmce, klkrfg, glbd glbdrh rhcs csgg nk nklf lfcl cl `k `kok okrc rcnc nccl cl hclu hclusg sgc. c. Hclu Hclusgc sgc tk tkrsk rskou outt c` c`cl cl  okrgltkrc`sg nklfcl mglf`ulfcl gltkrlcm nklfcl pklu`crcl klkrfg yclf ngctur skjcrc tkrus hklkrus tkrecncp pkruocecl pkruocecl mglf`ulfcl mglf`ulfcl

>.

k`stkrlcm. Mglf`u Mgl f`ulfc lfcl l cncmce cncmce mct mctcr cr okmc`c okmc`clf lf ultu` ultu` gltkrc` gltkrc`sg sg hclusg hclusgc, c, ncl hkmgoct`cl 1 c) Mglf Mglf`u `ulf lfcl cl gltk gltkrl rlcm cm11 hklf hklfuo uoce ce kl klkr krfg fg ul ultu tu` ` hkhu hkhulf lf`g `gl` l`cl cl drclf ultu` hklyksucg`cl ngrg nklfcl tkrus hklkrus pkruocecl mglf`ulfcl k`stkrlcm.  o) Mglf`ulfcl k`stkrlcm1 hkmgoct`cl drfclgscsg bdrhcm ncl glbdrhcm. Ykrcwct cncmce ocfgcl ncrg mglf`ulfcl pcsgkl. @dlskp @k @kpkrcwctcl @kpkrcwctcl ngnkbglgsg`cl skocfcg suctu prdsks tglnc`cl, rkc`sg ncl gltkrc`sg pkrcwct ncl `mgkl ncmch okrocfg glbdrhcsg tkltclf pkrskpsg hkrk` hk rk`cc nc ncmch mch sgt sgtuc ucsg sg `k `kpk pkrc rcwc wctcl tcl.. @g @glf lf hkly hklych chpcg pcg`c `cl l pd pdmc mc gltkrvklsg `kpkrcwctclyc cncmce prdsks gltkrc`sg `mgkl ncl pkrcwct hkmgputg `dhulg`csg ncl pkrskpsg yclf hklghoum`cl c`sg, rkc`sg, ncl ncl ag`c ag`c cnc cnc fclf fclffu fucl cl,, hklk hklktc tcp` p`cl cl tu tuau aucl cl nk nklf lfcl cl hc`s hc`sun un tkrjcpcglyc suctu pkrsktuaucl ncl hkhouct trclsc`sg. ^rclsc`sg1  

 

 

Ag`c pkrskpsg tkpct ncl c`urct hc`c trclsc`sg c`cl tkracng. Ag`c pkrcwct ncl pcsgkl/`mgkl hkhouct trclsc`sg yclf ecrhdlgs hc`c tuaucl tkrjcpcg. Ag`c tuaucl tkrjcpcg hc`c kbgsgklsg ncl `kkbgsgklcl `kkbgsgklcl `kpkrcwctcl `kpkrcwctcl tkrjcpcg.

 

Ag`cc gltkrc` Ag` gltkrc`sg sg pkrcwct pkrcwct ncl pcsgkl pcsgkl/`m /`mgkl gkl okracmc okracmcl l ocg` ocg` hc`c hc`c

 

tuhoue `khoclf ncpct ngtglf`ct`cl . Ag`c pkrcl,ecrcp pkrcl,ecrcpcl, cl, ncl pkhouctcl `kputuscl `kputuscl ngrcsc`cl ngrcsc`cl schc hc`c trclsc`sg tkracng.

 

Ag`c cnc `dlbmg` pkrcl hc`c tkracng strkssdr.

Ag Ag` `c pkrc pkrcwc wctt hkh hkhpu puly lycg cg `d `dh hul ulg` g`cs csgg yclf yclf tk tkp pct hc` hc`c  pkljcpcgcl tuaucl tkracng. Zkmcgl gtu @glf aufc hkhocecs tuaucl, ndhcgl, ncl bulfsg pkrcwct  prdbkssgdlcm 3. ^uaucl pk pkrcwct [ltu` hkhocltu glngvgnu ultu` hklacfc `kskectcl hkrk`c, skeglffc hkrk`c ncpct okrbulfsg ncmch pkrcl hkrk`c. ?. Ndhcgl pk pkrcwct  

5|Y cfk

 

:. >.

N.

^krhcsu` ^krhcs u` hkhprd hkhprdhds hdsg`c g`cl, l, hkhkmg hkhkmgecr ecrc, c, ncl hkhumg hkhumge`c e`cl l `kskectcl, ncl hkrcwct drclf sc`gt, tkrmu`c ncl sk`crct. Bulf Bulfsg sg pkrc pkrcw wct prdbk rdbksssg sgd dlc lcmm [ltu` hklfgltkrprktcsg`cl glbdrhcsg ncmch prdsks

`kpk `kpkrc rcwc wctc tcl l ultu ultu` ` hkrk hkrklj ljcl clc` c`cl cl,, hkmc hkmc`s `scl clc` c`cl cl nc ncl l hklfkvcmuc hklfk vcmucsg sg csuecl csuecl `kpkrcwctcl `kpkrcwctcl.. @glf okr`ctc okr`ctc ncmch tkdrg lyc, skdrclf pkrcwct prdbksgdlcm, nklfcl pklfktceucl `eusus ncl `ktkrchpgmcl `ktkrchpgmcl,, ncl `mgkl yclf hkhoutue`cl hkhoutue`cl pkrcwctcl, nklfcl pklfktceucl tkltclf ngrg ncl pkrskpsg hcscmce prgocng,  okrtkhu skocfcg drclf csglf ng mglf`ulfcl cmch. Hkrk`c scmglf okrgltkrc`sg, hklfgnkltgbg`csg hcscmce, hklktcp`cl ncl hkljcpcg tuaucl. ^kdr ^kdrgg Ghd Ghdfk fklk lk H. @glf @glf ncmc ncmch h Yrd Yrdsk skss @kp @kpkr krcw cwct ctcl cl 3. Yklf`cagcl c. ^kracng skmchc gltkrc`sg cltcrc pkrcwct ncl  pcsgkl/`mgkl. Ykrcwct hkhocwc pklfktceucl `eusus ncl `k `ktrc trchp hpgm gmcl cl sk sknc nclf lf`c `cl l `m `mgk gkl l hkho hkhocw cwcc pk pklf lfkt ktce ceuc ucl l tkltclf ngrg ncl pkrskpsg hcscmce yclf hklacng pkrectgcl, ultu` gltkrc`sg glg.  o. Zkmchc pklf`cagcl pkrcwct hklfuhpum`cl nctc tkltclf `mgkl, ngcltcrclyc cncmce 1  

 

 

 

^glf`ct tuhoue `khoclf. Yclnclfcl tkltclf ngrg sklngrg. Ykrskpsg Ykrskp sg yclf yclf hkrupc hkrupc`cl `cl ncscr ncscr pklfuh pklfuhpu pumcl mcl ncl gltkrprktcsg nctc tkrecncp stctus `kskectcl. Ydmc `dhulg Ydmc `dhulg`cs `csgg ngpkrm ngpkrmu`c u`cl l ultu` ultu` hkhbkr hkhbkrgvg gvg`csg `csg `kc`urctcl pkrskpsg, ultu` gltkrc`sg ncl trclsc`sg.

 

?.

:.

Zdsgcmgscsg Ngcfldsc @k @kpkrcwctcl c. Ngouct Ngouct sktkmce sktkmce hkmc`u hkmc`u`cl `cl pklf` pklf`cagc cagcl. l.  o. Ngouct skocfcg ecsgm gltkrc`sg cltcrc pkrcwct nklfcl  pcsgkl/`mgkl. j. Ztrk Ztrkss ss hkru hkrupc pc`c `cl l `d `dls lskp kp yc yclf lf pk pklt ltgl glf f nc ncmc mch h eu euou oulf lfcl clly lycc nklfcl ngcfldsc `kpkrcwctcl. Ykrkljclccl c. Ngouct Ngouct okrn okrncscr cscr`cl `cl nklfcl nklfcl `kpkrcw `kpkrcwctc ctcl. l.  o. Zktkmce ngcfldsgs, pkrkljclccl gltkrvklsg ultu` hkhkjce`cl hcscmce tkrskout ngmc`u`cl. j. Ncmch pkrkljclccl pkl kljjcpcgcl tuaucl ngcwcmg nklfcl hklktcp`cl tuaucl ncl hkhouct `kputuscl.

7|Y cfk

 

>.

;.

n. Hkru Hkrupc pc`c `cl l oc ocfg fgcl cl nc ncrg rg trcl trclsc` sc`sg sg nc ncl l pc pcrt rtgsg gsgpc pcsg sg pc pcsgk sgkl/ l/`m `mgk gkl l yclf ngclaur`cl ngclaur`cl g`ut skrtc ncmch pklfchogmcl pklfchogmcl `kputuscl tcpg tgnc` ecrus okrtclffulf acwco. Ghpmkhkltcsg c. Ncmc Ncmch h `k `kpk pkrc rcwc wctcl tcl hkmg hkmgoc oct` t`cl cl pr prds dsks ks ghpm ghpmkh khkl kltc tcsg sg `k `kfg fgct ctcl cl c`tucm ultu` hkljcpcg tuaucl.  o. Ncmch pkljcpcgcl tuaucl gtu cncmce `kmclautcl ncrg trclsc`sg. Kvcmucsg c. Hkru Hkrupc pc`c `cl l fc fcho hocr crcl cl oc ocfc fcgh ghcl clcc hklf hklfkl klcm cm ec ecsgm sgm tu tuau aucl cl yc yclf lf ngjcpcg.  o. Ncmch kvcmucsg hkhocecs tkltclf pkljcpcgcl tuaucl ncl `kkbk`tgbcl prdsks `kpkrcwctcl tkrskout.

39 | Y c f k

 

OCO GGG YKL[^[Y

C.

@ksghpumcl1 @kpk @k pkrcw rcwctc ctcl l cn cncm cmce ce suct suctu u pr prdb dbks ksgg yc yclf lf hkho hkhokr krg` g`cl cl oc oclt ltuc ucl l pc pcnc nc glngvgnu

ncl

`kmdhpd`

ultu`

hkljcpcg,

hkhkmgecrc

ncl

hkhpkrtcecl`cl nkrcact `kskectcl nklfcl hkhpkrectg`cl, hkhg`gr`cl, hklf hk lfeu euou oulf lf`c `cl, l, hklk hklklt ltu` u`cl cl nc ncl l hkmc hkmc`u `u`c `cl l tgln tglnc` c`cl cl pk pkrcw rcwct ctcl cl skeglffc glngvgnu ctcu `kmdhpd` okrprgmc`u yclf sksucg nklfcl `dlngsg `kpkrcwctcl `kpkr cwctcl.. @kpkrcwctcl @kpkrcwctcl okreuoulf okreuoulfcl cl mclfsulf mclfsulf nklfcl nklfcl mglf`ulfcl mglf`ulfcl,, tkhp tkhpct ct ctcu ctcu ru rucl clf f nc ncl l wc`t wc`tu u ul ultu tu` ` hkho hkhokl kltu tu` ` suct suctu u eu euou oulf lfcl cl hklclf hkl clffum fumclf clfgg stctus stctus `kskec `kskectcl tcl ncmch ncmch prdsks prdsks gltkrp gltkrpkrsd krsdlcm lcm rkc`sg rkc`sg gltkrc`sg gltkrc` sg ncl trclsc`s trclsc`sgg nghclc nghclc pkrcwc pkrcwctt ncl` ncl` mgk mgkl l okrocf okrocfgg glbdrh glbdrhcsg csg hklfklcg pkrskpsglyc ncmch `kpkrcwctcl O.

Zcrcl1 @gtcc skschc @gt skschc hclusg hclusgcc ecrus ecrus scmglf scmglf okrglt okrgltkrc` krc`sg sg cfcr cfcr hcljcp hcljcpcg cg tuaucl tuaucl  okrschc.

33 | Y c f k

 

Ncbtcr Yustc`c

Hurwclg, Crlgtc, Z.@kp. ?995. Yklfcltcr ?995. Yklfcltcr @dlskp Ncscr @kpkrcwctcl, @kpkrcwctcl, Yklkrogt Bgtrchcyc1 Wdfyc`crtc. Egncyct, Egncy ct, Czgz Cmghum. Cmghum. ?99>. ?99>. Yklfcltcr @dlskp Ncscr @kpkrcwctcl, @kpkrcwctcl, Yklkrogt Zcmkhoc Hkng`c1 Ac`crtc. Ykrry, Ydttkr. ?99;. Bulnchkltcm ?99;. Bulnchkltcm @kpkrcwctcl @dlskp, Yrdsks, & Yrc`tg`1 Kngsg >,Yklkrogt >,Yklkrogt Ou`u @knd`tkrcl KFJ1 Ac`crtc. ^cymdr ^cy mdr,, Jcrdm, Jcrdm, n``. n``. 377:. 377:. Bulnchkltcms  Bulnchkltcms db Lursglf ^ek Crt cln Zjgkljk db   Lursglf Jcrk1 ?ln Kngtgdl, A.O. Kngtgdl, A.O. Mgppgljdtt Jd1 Yegmcnkmpegc. Ykrry, Ydttkr. 377?. Bulnchkltcms 377?. Bulnchkltcms db Lursglf ‚Jdljkpts Yrdjkss & Yrcjtgjk1 :rn Kngtgdl, Kngtgdl, Hdsoy Wkcr Odd`1 Mdlndl.

3? | Y c f k

 

Zdcm 3.

^kdrg yclf ng `khu`c `khu`c`cl `cl dmke dmke Ghdfklk Ghdfklk `glf `glf cncmc cncmce e tkltclf. tkltclf... .. c. Mglf`ulfcl o. Cncptcsg

j. Ncgm Ncgmy yc cj jvg vgty ty db mgvg mgvglf lf n. Ekc kcmt mte e jc jcrk sy syst stkh kh k. Gltkrc`sg ?. Ng ncmch ncmch sgstkh sgstkh pkrsdlcm pkrsdlcm yclf yclf rkmkvcl rkmkvcl hklurut hklurut ghdfklk ghdfklk `glf `glf yclf yclf oklcr cncmce... c. Ykrs Ykrskp kpsg sg cncm cncmce ce fc fcho hocr crcl cl skskdrc skskdrclf lf tk tklt ltcl clf f doak doak`, `, drclf drclf ncl ncl `kacngcl- `kacngcl. o. Ng Ngrg rg cn cncm cmce ce ulgv ulgvkr krsc scmm skoc skoco o skhu skhuc c drcl drclf f puly pulyc c `dls `dlskp kp ru rucl clf, f, pkrsdl pkr sdlcm cm ctcu ctcu suoak` suoak`b, b, glngvg glngvgnuc nucm, m, sgt sgtucs ucsgdl gdlcm, cm, ncl tkrfc tkrfcltu ltulf lf nklfcl nklfc l euoulfclyc euoulfclyc nklfcl sgtucsg, sgtucsg, acrc` acrc` ncl wc`tu, trclsc`sgdlcm trclsc`sgdlcm,, ctcu okrncscr`cl pcnc pkrskpsg glngvgnu tkrecncp sgtucsg. j. Jgtr Jgtrc c tuou tuoue e cn cncm cmce ce lf` lf`ce ce mc`u mc`u yclf yclf nc ncpc pctt ng ngdo dosk skrb rbcs csgg dm dmke ke nuc nuc drclf ctcu mkoge ngncmch euoulfcl hocm ocmg`. n.

Gltkr Gltkrc` c`sg sg cn cncm cmce ce `dhu `dhulg lg`c `csg sg skoc skocfc fcgg prds prdsks ks ng nghc hcl l gl glbd bdrh rhcs csgg yclf yclf ngokrg`cl ncrg sctu drclf `kdrclf mcgl ocg` mclfsulf hcupul nc` mclfsulf, k. Vc`tu Vc`tu cncmc cncmce e prds prdsks ks ngsk ngskmu muru rue e `kegn `kegnup upcl cl sksk skskdr drcl clf f ng nghc hclc lc ng ngc c okrfkrc` ncrg pdtklsgcm ultu` hkljcpcg c`tucmgscsg ngrg. :. Hklurut Hklurut @glf `dlskp `dlskp yclf yclf rkmkvcl rkmkvcl nklfcl nklfcl systkh systkh sdjgcm sdjgcm cncmce cncmce... ... c. Drfc Drfclg lgsc scsg sg cnc cncmc mce e prds prdsks ks trcls trclsc` c`sg sg yclf yclf h hoc ocmm ocmg ocmg` ` ng nghc hclc lc mctcr mctcr okmc`clf, pkrskpsg, lgmcg-lgmcg ncrg pkhkfclf hkhpklfcrueg nklgsg, vcmgncsg vcmgn csg ncl pklkrghcc pklkrghccl l pdsgsg pdsgsg ng ncmch ncmch drfclgsc drfclgscsg sg okreuoulfc okreuoulfcl l nklfcl wkwklclf. o. Dtdr Dtdrgt gtcs cs cn cncm cmce ce ulgv ulgvkr krsc scm, m, sg sgtu tucs csgd gdlc lcm, m, ct ctcu cu ou`c ou`cl l suho suhocl clfc fcl l pkrsdlcm, pkrsd lcm, ksklsgcm ksklsgcm ncmch ncmch drfclgscs drfclgscsg, g, ngoctcsg ngoctcsg dmke suhokr-su suhokr-suhokr hokr ncmch suctu sgtu tuc csg, nglchgs ncl drgk gkl ltcsg pcnc tu tuaaucl j. Ztctus cncmce pdsgsg skskdrclf ngncmch `kmdhpd` ctcu `kmdhpd` ncmch euoulfcllyc nklfcl `kmdhpd` mcgl ng ncmch drfclgscsg ncl hklfklcmg hklfk lcmg ocewc stctus okreuoulfc okreuoulfcl l nklfc nklfcl l ec`-ec` ec`-ec` gshkwc, gshkwc, tufcs-tufcs, ncl `kwcagocl. j. Ykho Ykhouc uctc tcl l `k `kpu putu tusc scl l cncmce cncmce stru` stru`tu turr pdsgs pdsgsgg yclf yclf okr okrur urut utcl cl ncl c`b c`btc tcss yc yclf lf okre okreuo uoul ulfc fcl l nklf nklfcl cl pklf pklfct ctur urcl cl d drhc rhcmm nc ncl l gldrhcm skskdrclf ncl `kmdhpd` ultu` hkljcpcg tuaucl pkrsdlcm ctcu drfclgscsg n. @k`ucs @k`ucsccl ccl cncm cncmce ce hklfc hklfctur tur skcp skcp `keg `kegnup nupcl cl nc ncl l pk`krac pk`kraccl, cl, drcl drclf, f, ulgvkrscm, ulgvkr scm, glngvgnucm glngvgnucm,, pkrsdlcm, pkrsdlcm, suoak`b, suoak`b, sgtucsgdlc sgtucsgdlcm, m, prdsks prdsks yclf tkrus hklkrus, ncl okrdrgkltcsg pcnc tuaucl.

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>. Hdnkm `dlskp yclf ng `khu`c `khu`c`cl `cl dmke `glf cncmce… cncmce… c. Ogdpe Ogdpeysg`c ysg`cm,psg m,psg`dpgs `dpgsg`cm, g`cm,psg`d psg`dsdsgc sdsgcmm ncl gltkrpkrsdl gltkrpkrsdlcm cm o. Zystkh Zystkh pkrs pkrsdlc dlcm,s m,syst ystkh kh sdjgcm sdjgcm,, ncl gltkr gltkrpkr pkrsdl sdlcm cm j. Glfks Glfksb,c b,cjeg jegkvk kvkhkl hklt,c t,cfrk frksgb sgb ncl kmkhkl kmkhkl n. Gltkf Gltkfrg rgtc tcs, s,rk rksd sdlc lcls lsgg ncl ekmg ekmgjy jy k. Ykrcwctcl Ykrcwctcl ngrg sklngrg,s sklngrg,skmb kmb jcrk jcrk nkjgt nkjgt ncl ncl tkdrg tkdrg sys systkh tkh `k `kpkrcw pkrcwctcl ctcl ;. ”prdsks ”prdsks gltkrc`sg gltkrc`sg ngpklfc ngpklfcrueg rueg dmke dmke pkrskpsg, pkrskpsg, tuaucl, tuaucl, `koutue `koutuecl, cl, ncl ncl lgmcg `mgkl skrtc pkrcwct‘ csuhsg tkrskout ng `khu`c`cl dmke... c. Jcmgstc rd rdy o. Mkglglfkr j. Akcl Vctsdl n. Ghdfklk `g `glf k. Oky lk lkuhcl

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