F Laporan Aktualisasi Elfrida
August 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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:3
Ckduofgtjs`5
Ljoijr 3. : Dkgsubtjs` cfgljg p`op`gjg
3.:.9 Ofgluopubdjg cjtj cjg `ghkrojs` ugtud ijajg pjgcujg
Sjajpjg Dfl`jtjg5 - Ofopfbjejr` prksfs dfrej jpb`djs` ^b`ck
- Ofgyusug bjgldja-bjgldja pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg ofoiujt dufs`kgfr - Ofgc`sdus`djg ajs`b pfgyusugjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cfgljg p`op`gjg ]jcj tjajp `g`, ]fgub`s ofopfbjejr` cjg ofgluopubdjg `ghkrojs` tfrdj`t prksfs dfrej jpb`djs` ^b`ck yjgl ifrtueujg ugtud ofgluopubdjg `ghkrojs` yjgl jdjg c`tujgldjg cjbjo irksur tutkr`jb pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` cjg pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck dfpjcj pjg`t`j dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs`. ]fgub`s ofgnjr` rfhfrfgs` c` `gtfrgft yj`tu pjcj afbp nfgtfr ^b`ck. Dfouc`jg ofrjgnjgl `s` cjr` pjgcujg pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg ofo`gtj jrjajg p`op`gjg tfrdj`t dkgsfp dkgtfg irksur pftugeud pfgllugjjg pfgllugjjg sfa`gllj pftugeud pfgllugjjg tfrsfiut cjpjt tfpjt sjsjrjg cjbjo pfgllugjjggyj. pfgllugjjggyj. ^fbj`g `tu ]fgub`s eulj ofgc`sdus`djg ofglfgj` `s` cjr` dufs`kgfr yjgl jdjg c`sfijrdjg df pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` ugtud ofglftjau` sfifrjpj ofgjr`d pftugeud pfgllugjjg cjg tjglljpjg pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` ofglfgj` pftugeud pfgllugjjg.
:6
Kutput /Ajs`b5 /Ajs`b5
- Dkgtfg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck4 - Cjhtjr pfrtjgyjjg pjcj dufs`kgfr4 - Gktubfg ajs`b c`sdus` Dftfrdj`tjg cfgljg suistjgs`5
Jdugtji`b`tjs5 Ofopfbjejr` rfhfrfgs` tfgtjgl pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfa`gllj cjtj cjg `ghkrojs` cjpjt c`pfrtjglluglejwjidjg cjg ofbjpkrdjg cjg ofgldkgsubtjs`djg dkgtfg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg cjhtjr pfrtjgyjjg pjcj dufs`kgfr
Gjs`kgjb`sof5 Ofgfrjpdjg g`bj` ]jgnjs`bj yj`tu ofgeugeugl t`gll` ousyjwjrja ugtud ofgnjpj` ouhjdjt pjcj sjjt ifrdkgsubtjs` cfgljg p`op`gjg
Ft`dj ]uib`d5 Ifrs`djp skpjg sjjt ofbjdudjg dkgsubtjs` cfgljg p`op`gjg
Dko`tofg Outu5 Ofgluopubdjg cjtj cjg `ghkrojs` yjgl c`iutuadjg ugtud ofglajs`bdjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg cjg dufs`kgfr yjgl tfpjt sjsjrjg sj sjrjg
pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg ]fbjyjgjg ]uib`d5 Ofoiujt dkgtfg pftugeud pfgllugjjg dufs`kgfr ugtud ofoifr`djg pfbjyjgjg yjgl bfi`a ij`d dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`.
Ckduofgtjs`5
Ljoijr 3. 9 ]fgluopubjg Cjtj Ofbjbu` @gtfrgft
:8
Ifr`dut jcjbja ljoijr pjcj sjjt ]fgub`s ofo`gtj jrjajg p`op`gjg tfrdj`t dkgsfp dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur sfrtj `s` cjr` dufs`kgfr yjgl jdjg c`ifr`djg dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`5
Ljoijr 3. > Ofo`gtj Jrjajg Ofgtkr Sfrdj`t Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g ]jgcujg ]fgllugjjg
Ifr`dut jcjbja dkgsfp dkgtfg cjr` irksur pftugeud pfglugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg dufs`kgfr yjgl jdjg c`ijl`djg df pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`5
Ljoijr 3. 3 Yjgnjgljg ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` Jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg Cjhtjr ]frtjgyjjg
:<
3.:.> Ofoiujt ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
Sjajpjg Dfl`jtjg5 - Ofoiujt dkgsfp cfsj`g pftugeud pfgllugjjg4 - Ofgc`sdus`djg cjg ofgldkgsubtjs`djg tfgtjgl dkgsfp dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g pftugeud pfgllugjjg4 pfgllugjjg4 - Ofopfrij`d` dkgsfp dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g sfsuj` sjrjg p`op`gjg.
]foiujtjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck c`dkoi`gjs`djg cfgljg cuj jpb`djs` yj`tu cfgljg ofgllugjdjg wfis`tf Njgvj yjgl ofgyfc`jdjg tfopbjtf irksur sfnjrj kgb`gf cjg ofgllugjdjg ofgllugjdjg jpb`djs` Jckif Jckif ]aktksakp. ^ftfbja ofoiujt jdug ijru pjcj wfis`tf Njgvj ojdj bjgldja ifr`dutgyj jcjbja ofo`b`a tfoj tfopbjtf yjgl jdjg
c`lugjdjg.
Ljoijr 3. 6 Ofo`b`a Sfoj Irksur
Sfoj yjgl sucja c`p`b`a cjpjt c`bfgldjp` cfgljg ljoijr yjgl tfrsfc`j pjcj jpb`djs` jtju ljoijr yjgl ijru jdjg c`upbkjc cjg pfrbu ofgcfdsr`ps`djg pfgefbjsjg ofglfgj` tjajpjg pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck.
Ljoijr 3. 8 Sfoj ]`b`ajg, Ljoijr cjg Cfdsr`ps` C`lugjdjg
:1
C`sjop`gl `tu ]fgub`s eulj ofoiujt pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck ugtud pjg`t`j c`sfo`gjs` ofgllugjdjg wkrc. Ifr`dut jcjbja ljoijr pfglfrejjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck ugtud pjg`t`j c`sfo`gjs`5
Ljoijr 3. < ]fglfrejjg ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck ugtud ]jg`t`j
^fbjgeutgyj ]fgub`s ofgc`sdus`djg cjg ofo`gtj jrjajg dfpjcj p`op`gjg tfgtjgl
dkgsfp dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g pftugeud pfgllugjjg pfgllugjjg. ]`op`gjg ofoifr`djg ojsudjg ofglfgj` dkgsfp irksur yjgl pfrtjoj yj`tu ugtud ofglljgt` ajb „ ajb „ ajb ajb sfijlj` ifr`dut5
Ljgt` wjrgj ijndlrkugc cjg tub`sjg irksur ofgejc` wjrgj dug`gl, a`eju jtju
i`ru. Ifr`dut jcjbja ljoijr dkgsfp irksur irksur yjgl pfrtjoj5
:0
Ljoijr 3. 1 Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur ]frtjoj
]`op`gjg ofgljrjadjg ugtud ofo`gtj ojsudjg dfpjcj sfg`kr bj`g lugj
ofgcjpjtdjg ljoijrjg ofglfgj` irksur yjgl c`iujt sfrtj ofgcjpjtdjg sjrjg yjgl ofoijglug ugtud ofopfrij`d` irksur.
Ljoijr 3. 0 Dkgsubtjs Dkgsubtjs`` tfgtjgl dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur yjgl pfrtjoj
Ljoijr 3. := Ifrc`sdus` cfgljg ^fg`kr Sfrdj`t Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur
Dfouc`jg c`bjdudjg pfrij`djg dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g sfsuj` cfgljg jrjajg p`op`gjg cjg sfg`kr. ]fglfc`tjg irksur c`bjdudjg c`bjgeutdjg cfgljg ofgllugjdjg Jckif ]aktksakp. ]jcj irksur yjgl ijru tfrcjpjt cuj bjgldja cjbjo pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck. Ajs`b tfrsfiut c`c`sdus`djg dfoijb` dfpjcj jtjsjg ugtud c`ifr`djg jrjajg cjg ojsudjg. Jcjpug ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg ugtud irksur yjgl dfcuj jcjbja5
Ofglljgt` eucub cjr` ‒Ijlj`ojgj Njrj Nj rj Ofgllugjdjg ^b`ck‟ ofgejc` ‒Bjgldja
Oucja Ifrtjgyj Dfpjcj Djo` Ijb`tijgl ]V]Y‟4 ]V]Y‟4
9=
Ljoijr : yjgl ifrupj ljoijr ^b`ck c`ljgt` ofgejc` ljoijr bjptkp yjgl
ifrub`sdjg urb4
Ofglljgt` urb jwjb5 s.`c/tjgyjejwji ofgejc` s.`c/sb`ck4
Ofgjoijadjg dftfrjgljg pjcj bjgldja urutjg gkokr 94
Ofgjoijadjg gk urutjg > pjcj tjop`bjg bjyjr cjhtjr ]frtjgyjjg. ]frtj gyjjg.
Ifr`dut ljoijr dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g yjgl dfcuj ifsfrtj ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg5
Ljoijr 3. :: Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur Dfcuj
Jtjs ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg, ojdj irksur yjgl dfcuj c`fc`t dfoijb` cjg c`dkgsubtjs`djg dfoijb` dfpjcj p`op`gjg. Jcj ififrjpj ojsudjg cjg jrjajg yjgl c`ifr`djg ugtud irksur dft`lj, yj`tu5
Sub`sjg urb5 s.`c/sb`ck c`iujt c`cjbjo bjptkp4
Vrutjg gk.> ojs`a ifbuo c`tjoijadjg4
S`lj ljoijr pjcj irksur ojs`a ifbuo prkpkrs`kgjb.
Ifr`dut jcjbja ljoijr dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur dft`lj ifsfrtj ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg5
9:
Ljoijr 3. :9 Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur Dft`lj
^fbjgeutgyj c`bjdsjgjdjg pfglfc`tjg irksur sfsuj` cfgljg jrjajg p`op`gjg cjg ajs`b dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur dffopjt tfrsfiut c`ijwjdjg df p`op`gjg ugtud c`rfv`fw. Ifr`dut jcjbja ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg ugtud dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur dffopjt5
Ljoijr t`cjd pfrbu c`ljgt`, dfoijb`djg ljoijr sfpfrt` irksur dft`lj4
]jcj urutjg dft`lj uija tub`sjg ofgejc` ‒e`dj pfrtjgyjjg sjbja ajpus/fc`t.Sfdjg
sfgc‟.. sfgc‟ Ifr`dut jcjbja ljoijr dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur dffopjt5
Ljoijr 3. :> Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur Dffopjt
99
Dfouc`jg pfrij`djg c`bjdudjg dfoijb` sfsuj` jrjajg cjg ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg sfa`gllj c`ajs`bdjg dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck yjgl dfb`oj. ]`op`gjg ofoifr`djg jrjajg ugtud ofoiujt ljoijr gkokr 9 bfi`a c`dfn`bdjg bjl` sfa`gllj tjopjd bfi`a prkpkrs`kgjb cjg `g` ofrupjdjg rfv`s` tfrjda`r ugtud irksur. Ifr`dut jcjbja ljoijr irksur dfb`oj cjg ojsudjg cjr` p`op`gjg.
Ljoijr 3. :3 Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur Dfb`oj
Ljoijr dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g irksur dfb`oj c`upcjtf sfsuj` cfgljg ojsudjg cjr` jrjajg. Ifr`dut jcjbja irksur h`gjb yjgl jdjg c`sfijrdjg dfpjcj pjrj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`5
9>
Ljoijr 3. :6 Dkgtfg cjg Cfsj`g Irksur H`gjb
Kutput/Ajs`b5 - Irksur h`gjb dkgtfg cjg cfsj`g pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck (ijl` pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`) cjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck (pjg`t`j c`sfo`gjs`)4 - Gktubfgs` ajs`b c`sdus` Dftfrdj`tjg cfgljg suistjgs`5
Jdugtji`b`tjs5 Ofopfbjejr` rfhfrfgs` tfgtjgl pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfa`gllj cjtj cjg `ghkrojs` cjpjt c`pfrtjglluglejwjidjg cjg ofbjpkrdjg cjg ofgldkgsubtjs`djg dkgtfg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg cjhtjr pfrtjgyjjg pjcj dufs`kgfr4
Gjs`kgjb`sof5 Ofgfrjpdjg g`bj` ]jgnjs`bj yj`tu ofgeugeugl t`gll` ousyjwjrja ugtud ofgnjpj` ouhjdjt pjcj sjjt ifrdkgsubtjs` cfgljg
p`op`gjg4 Ft`dj ]uib`d5 Ifrs`djp skpjg sjjt ofbjdudjg dkgsubtjs` cfgljg p`op`gjg
Dko`tofg Outu5 Ifr`gkvjs` cfgljg ofoiujt irksur cjg f-ckd pjgcujg yjgl sfifbuogyj c`bjdudjg ajgyj cfgljg ofoijnjdjg sjej pftugeud pfgllugjjg dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` cjg ofgluopubdjg cjtj cjg 93
`ghkrojs` yjgl c`iutuadjg ugtud ofglajs`bdjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg cjg dufs`kgfr yjgl tfpjt sjsjrjg4
]fbjyjgjg ]uib`d5 Ofoiujt dkgtfg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg dufs`kgfr ugtud ofoifr`djg pfbjyjgjg yjgl bfi`a ij`d dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`.
3.:.3 Ofgsks`jb`sjs`djg ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
Sjajpjg Dfl`jtjg5 - Ifrdkkrc`gjs` cjg ofo`gtj `z`g cfgljg pjg`t`j dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs` ugtud ofgllugjdjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck pjcj sjjt sfs` tjgyj ejwji4 - Ofgnftjd cjg ofopfrijgyjd pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck4 ^b`ck 4 - Ofbjdudjg sks`jb`sjs` pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck.
Ifrdkkrc`gjs` cjg ofo`gtj `z`g dfpjcj pjg`t`j dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs` ugtud ofgllugjdjg irksur pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfijlj` pftugeud
ugtud ifrtjgyj pjcj sfs` tjgyj ejwji. Jcjpug dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs` c`bjdsjgjdjg pjcj tjglljb :6-:8 Kdtkifr 9=:0 c` Aktfb ^w`ss Ifbb, ]jbu. Irksur pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck c`sks`jb`sjs`djg pjcj tjglljb :6 Kdtkifr 9=:0. ^fifbuo
ofbjdudjg
sks`jb`sjs` ofgnftjd
cjg
ofopfrijgyjd
pftugeud
pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfrtj ofbjdsjgjdjg sks`jb`sjs` irksur. ^ks`jb`sjs` irksur c`bjdsjgjdjg cfgljg ijgtujg kbfa pfoijwj jnjrj dfl`jtjg. Irksur c`uouodjg, c`ijnjdjg kbfa pfoijwj jnjrj cjg eulj c`uouodjg kbfa okcfrjtkr pjcj sjjt sfs` tjgyj ejwji jdjg c`oubj`. ^fbj`g `tu irksur eulj c`ijl`djg dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`. ^fbj`g `tu ]fgub`s eulj ofbjdudjg sks`jb`sjs` pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck (ijl` pjg`t`j c`sfo`gjs`). Kutput /Ajs`b5 /Ajs`b5
Ckduofgtjs` sks`jb`sjs` pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg ofcjpjtdjg `z`g ugtud ofbjgeutdjg sks`jb`sjs` irksur. Dftfrdj`tjg cfgljg suistjgs`5
Jdugtji`b`tjs5 Irksur c`ijl`djg dfpjcj sfburua pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` sfijlj` pfgfrjpjg g`bj` dfjc`bjg cjbjo pfbjyjgjg puib`d puib`d cjr` jdugtji`b`tjs4
96
Gjs`kgjb`sof5 Ofbjdudjg sks`jb`sjs` pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfijlj` jbjt ijgtu ugtud ofgc`sfo`gjs`djg ^G@ cjg prkcud ajs`b ]fgfb`t`jg Ijb`tijgl supjyj `ghkrojs` tfrsfiut bfi`a nfpjt ofbujs4
Ft`dj ]uib`d5 Ofbjdudjg dkoug`djs` cjg dfrejsjoj yjgl ij`d sjjt ofgsks`jb`sjs`djg pftugeud pfgllugjjg4
]fbjyjgjg ]uib`d5 Sfrnfro`g cjbjo ofgnftjd cjg ofopfrijgyjd pftugeud pfgllugjjg
jpb`djs`
^b`ck
dfouc`jg
ofgsks`jb`sjs`djg
pftugeud
pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ugtud ofgnjpj` ofgnjpj` pfbjyjgjg yjgl bfi`a ij`d4
\akbf Kh Lkvfrofgt 5 ^ks`jb`sjs` irksur dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` yjgl ifrjsjb cjr` ifrijlj` `gstjgs` c` cjfrja sfrtj dkkrc`gjs` cfgljg pjg`t`j dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs`4
Jgt` Dkrups`5 ^ks`jb`sjs` dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` c`bjdudjg sfnjrj lrjt`s cjg t`cjd ofglut`p i`jyj nftjd pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck4
Ojgjefofg J^G5 Cfgljg ofg`gldjtdjg pfojajojg pfgllugjjg jpb`djs`
^b`ck cjg ofg`gldjtdjg d`gfrej cjbjo dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs`.
Ckduofgtjs`5
Ljoijr 3. :8 Ofokakg @e`g Dfpjcj ]jg`t`j Dfl`jtjg C`sfo`gjs`
98
Ljoijr 3. :< ^ks`jb`sjs ^ks`jb`sjs`` Irksur I Ijl` jl` ]fsfrtj C`sfo`gjs`
Ljoijr 3. :1 ^ks`jb`sjs ^ks`jb`sjs`` ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Dfpjcj ]jg`t`j Dfl`jtjg C`sfo`gjs`
3.:.6 Ofglfvjbujs` cjg Ofoiujt Bjpkrjg Jda`r Jdtujb`sjs`
Sjajpjg Dfl`jtjg5 - Ofyfijrdjg du`s`kgfr cjg ofrfdjp du`s`kgfr yjgl tfbja c``s`4 - Ofoiujt bjpkrjg ajs`b jdtujb`sjs`4 - Ofgyjopj`djg bjpkrjg ajs`b jdtujb`sjs` dfpjcj p`op`gjg. ]jcj tjajpjg `g` c`bjdsjgjdjg fvjbujs` tfrajcjp irksur yjgl tfbja c`ijl`djg cfgljg njrj ofoifr`djg dufs`kgfr dfpjcj pfsfrtj. Ifrcjsjrdjg cjtj cjr` >> pfsfrtj tfrsfiut, ]fgub`s ofgnkij ofgljgjb`s`s jpjdja pfsfrtj sucja pfrgja ofgcfgljr cjg ofgllugjdjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck cjg jpjdja irksur yjgl c`sfijrdjg
9<
ofgjr`d cjg tjglljpjg pfsfrtj tfrdj`t pftugeud pfgllugjjg tfrsfiut. Ifr`dut jcjbja cjtj ajs`b dufs`kgfr. Sjifb 3. : ]frijgc`gljg ]fsfrtj yjgl ^ucja cjg yjgl Ifbuo Ofgcfgljr Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
Gk
Dr`tfr`j
^ucja
Ifbuo
:
^ucja pfrgja ofgcfgljr jpb`djs` ^b`ck
90
3
9
^ucja pfrgja ofgllugjdjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck
>=
>
Ljoijr 3. :0 ]fsfrtj ^ucja ]frgja Ofgcfgljr Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
Ljoijr 3. 9= ]fsfrtj ^ucja ]frgja Ofgllugjdjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
91
Ifr`dut cjtj ugtud ofglftjau` jpjdja irksur ofgjr`d5 Sjifb 3. 9 Cjtj ]fg`bj`jg ]fsfrtj Sfrdj`t Sjop`bjg ]ftugeud
Dr`tfr`j
^jgljt
Ofgjr`d
Ofgjr`d Sjop`bjg
]ftugeud
:0
Nudup
S`cjd
ofgjr`d Ofgjr`d :=
3
=
]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
Ifr`dut cjtj ofglfgj` tjglljpjg tfrdj`t pftugeud pfgllugjjg5 Sjifb 3. > Cjtj Sjglljpjg ]fsfrtj Sfrdj`t ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Jpb`dj Jpb`djs` s` ^b`ck
Dr`tfr`j
Sjglljpjg
tfrdj`t
^fcfrajgj
Njrj :1
Oucja
:6
Durjgl
S`cjd
Ofojcj`
Yuo`t
=
=
]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
^fbj`g `tu ]fgub`s eulj ofoijgc`gldjg euobja ]frtjgyjjg yjgl ojsud sfifbuo
jcjgyj pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck yjgl c`bjdsjgjdjg pjcj c`sfo`gjs` c` ]jbfoijgl cjg sfsucja jcjgyj pftugeud pfgllugjjg yj`tu dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs` c` ]jbu. Ifr`dut jcjbja tjifb pfrijgc`gljggyj5
Sjifb 3. 3 Cjtj Euobja ]frtjgyjjg ^fifbuo cjg ^fsucja Jcjgyj ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs`
Dr`tfr`j
Euobja ]frtjgyjjg
^fifbuo jcjgyj pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck
:=
^fsucja jcjgyj pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck
9<
Ojdj cjpjt c`s`opubdjg ijawj pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck ofoiujt pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` ofojajo` pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck. Bjgldja sfbjgeutgyj yjgl c`bjdudjg ]fgub`s jcjbja ofoiujt bjpkrjg ajs`b jdtujb`sjs` cjg ofbjpkrdjggyj ajs`b jdtujb`sjs` dfpjcj p`op`gjg. Kutput /Ajs`b5 /Ajs`b5
- Ajs`b jgjb`sj du`s`kgfr4 - Bjpkrjg jdtujb`sjs`4 - Gktubfg pfbjpkrjg. 90
Dftfrdj`tjg cfgljg suistjgs`5
Jdugtji`b`tjs5 Ofopfrtjglluglejwjijidjg
ajs`b
jdtujb`sjs`
cfgljg
ofoiujt bjpkrjg4
Ft`dj ]uib`d5 Ofbjdudjg dkoug`djs` yjgl ij`d pjcj sjjt ofgyjopj`djg bjpkrjg4
Dko`tofg Outu5 Ofgfr`oj ajs`b dufs`kgfr cjg tjglljpjg pfsfrtj c`sdus` ugtud pfrij`djg dujb`tjs outu dfcfpjggyj.
Ckduofgtjs`5
Ljoijr 3. 9: ]frijgc`gljg euobja pfrtjgyjjg sfifbuo cjg ^fsucja Jcjgyj ]ftugeud ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck
]frijgc`gljg euobja ]frtjgyjjg sfsucja cjg sfifbuo jcj j cj pftugeud pfgllugjjg pfgllugjjg
>=
Ljoijr 3. 99 ]fbjpkr ]fbjpkrjg jg Bjpkrjg Jdtujb`sjs`
3.9 ]fglujtjg G`bj` Krljg`sjs`
Sjajp cfo` tjajp dfl`jtjg yjgl c`bjdudjg cjbjo Jdtujb`sjs` `g` ofgljgcugl g`bj`-g`bj`
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pfrwueucjg
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g`bj`
krljg`sjs`
Dfofgtfr`jg ]V]Y. G`bj` `gtflr`tjs yj`tu cjbjo ofbjdsjgjdjg dfl`jtjg jdtujb`sjs` `g` c`bjdsjgjdjg ifrcjsjrdjg g`bj`-g`bj` buaur cjg dfyjd`gjg sfrtj jpj yjgl sfajrusgyj ofgejc` tjgllugl ejwji ]fgyusug ij`d tfrajcjp jtjsjg
ojupug ojsyjrjdjt.
G`bj` ]rkhfs`kgjb Dfl`jtjg jdtujb`sjs` `g` c`bjdsjgjdjg
sfijlj` ifgtud prkhfs`kgjb`tjs krljg`sjs` sfsuj` cfgljg tuljs cjg wfwfgjgl yjgl tfbja c`jojgjadjg. G`bj` Kr`fgtjs` O`s` cjpjt c`ljoijrdjg cjr` dfl`jtjg jdtujb`sjs` `g` yjgl sfburuagyj ifrdj`tjg cfgljg sjbja sjtu tuljs cjg hugls` yjgl jcj c` Ijl`jg Jco`g`strjs` ^tjgcjrc`sjs`, Auduo cjg Dfrejsjoj. ^fbjgeutgyj g`bj` X`s`kgfr yjgl c`gyjtjdjg cfgljg jcjgyj irksur cjg fckduofg `g` yjgl c`ajrjpdjg cjpjt ofg`oiubdjg pfg`gldjtjg prkcudt`v`tjs pfljwj` c` ojsj ofgcjtjgl pjcj dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs`. Sfrjda`r gjoug tjd djbja pfgt`gl `jbja g`bj` Ft`dj Jdabjdub Dajr`oja cjbjo c`tfrjpdjg cjbjo sft`jp dfl`jtjg jgtjr pfljwj` ojupug dfpjcj p`op`gjg yjgl ifrupj dkgsubtjs`, dkkrc`gjs`, jtjupug sks`jb`sjs` cfo` tfrwueucgyj b`gldugljg dfrej yjgl dkgcus`h.
>:
3.> Cfsdr`ps` Dfl`jtjg Jdtujb`sjs` Sjifb 3. 6 Yfjb`sjs` Ejcwjb ]fbjdsjgjjg Jdtujb`sjs`
>9
3.> Ajoijtjg
]fbjdsjgjjg sfburua tjajpjg jdtujb`sjs` ifrejbjg cfgljg bjgnjr, ajgyj tfrcjpjt ajoijtjg „ ajoijtjg „ ajoijtjg ajoijtjg dfn`b yjgl c`ajcjp` yj`tu5
:. Sfrijtjsgyj euobja dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs` pjcj ojsj aji`tujs` sfa`gllj pfgfrjpjg jdtujb`sjs` ajgyj c`bjdudjg sjtu djb`4 9. S`cjd cjpjt ofbjdudjg fvjbujs` dufs`kgfr dfpjcj pfsfrtj c`sdus` yjgl sjoj ( prftfst prftfst cjg cjg pkst tfst dfpjcj dfpjcj krjgl yjgl sjoj). Vgtud ofgljtjs` ajoijtjg yjgl c`tfou` cjbjo pfbjdsjgjjg jdtujb`sjs` tfrsfiut, ojdj ]fgub`s ofojds`ojbdjg dfl`jtjg c`sfo`g`gjs` ugtud ofgsks`jb`sjs`djg pftugeud pfgllugjjg ^b`ck cfgljg njrj ofoijl`djg pftugeud pfgllugjjg pfgllugjjg ^b`ck dfpjcj pfsfrtj cjg ofo`gtj ijgtujg pfoijwj jnjrj ugtud ofgluouojg tjtj njrj ifrtjgyj ofgllugjdjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfrtj ofo`gtj ijgtujg dfpjcj okcfrjtkr sfs` tjgyj ejwji ugtud dfoijb` ofoijnjdjg cjg ofgluouodjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck. Vgtud ofgljtjs` ajoijtjg tfrdj`t fvjbujs` dufs`kgfr, ojdj ]fgub`s ofoiujt pfrtjgyjjg pjcj dufs`kgfr ugtud ofgl`cfgt`h`djs`djg pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` yjgl ifbuo pfrgja ofgcfgljr cjg ofgllugjdjg ofgllugjdjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck.
>>
IJI X ]FGVSV]
6.: Dfs`opubjg
Dfs`opubjg cjr` bjpkrjg pfbjdsjgjjg jdtujb`sjs` `g` jcjbja5 :. ]fbjdsjgjjg jdtujb`sjs` cjg aji`tujs` yjgl ifreucub ‒Kpt`ojb`sjs` ]fgllugjjg Jpb`djs` ^b`ck Cjbjo Dfl`jtjg C`sfo`gjs`‟, C`sfo`gjs` ‟, yjgl tfrc`r` cjr` b`oj dfl`jtjg ifrejbjg cfgljg ij`d sfbjoj durjgl bfi`a t`lj pubua pubua ajr` dfrej4 9. Sfrcjpjt cuj ajs`b/kutput jda`r jdtujb`sjs` yj`tu pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck (ijl` pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs`) ifrupj irksur cjg pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck (ijl` pjg`t`j c`sfo`gjs`) ifrupj f-cknuofgt 4 >. Ifrcjsjrdjg ajs`b dfl`jtjg c`pfrkbfa cjtj sfijlj` ifr`dut5
Ajs`b dufs`kgfr euobja krjgl yjgl sfifbuogyj tfbja ofglftjau`
jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfijgyjd 3 krjgl cjr` >> krjgl, cjg euobja krjgl yjgl sfifbuogyj tfbja ofgllugjdjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfijgyjd > krjgl cjr` >> krjgl.
Sjglljpjg
tfrdj`t
pftugeud
pfgllugjjg
jpb`djs`
^b`ck
yjgl
ofgyfiutdjg sfcfrajgj cjg oucja jcjbja >> krjgl cjr` >> krjgl.
]frtjgyjjg yjgl ojsud sfifbuo jcjgyj pftugeud pfgllugjjg jpb`djs`
^b`ck jcjbja := cjg sfsucja sf sucja jcjgyj pftugeud jcjbja 93
6.9 ^jrjg
Ifrcjsjrdjg ajs`b bjpkrjg pfbjdsjgjjg jdtujb`sjs` `g`, ]fgub`s ofgyjrjgdjg jpb`djs` ^b`ck sfij`dgyj sfojd`g sfr`gl c`pjdj` ugtud dfl`jtjg c`sfo`gjs`, yjgl ojgj wjdtu sfs` tjgyj ejwji tfrijtjs, sfa`gllj ofougld`gdjg sfburua pfsfrtj c`sfo`gjs` cjpjt ofgyjopj`djg pfrtjgyjjg.
>6
CJHSJY ]V^SJDJ
Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj. (9=:6). Okcub ]fbjt`ajg Cjsjr N]G^ ‒Jdugtji`b`tjs‟. ‒Jdugtji`b`tjs‟. Ejdjrtj5 Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj. (9=:6). Okcub ]fbjt`ajg Cjsjr N]G^ ‒Jgt` Dkrups`‟ Ejdjrtj5 Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj. (9=:6). Okcub ]fbjt`ajg Cjsjr N]G^ ‒Ft`dj ]uib`d‟. ]uib`d‟. Ejdjrtj5 Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj. (9=:6). Okcub ]fbjt`ajg Cjsjr N]G^ ‒Dko`tofg Outu‟ Ejdjrtj5 Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj Gfljrj Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj. (9=:6). Okcub ]fbjt`ajg Cjsjr N]G^ ‒Gjs`kgjb`sof‟. ‒Gjs`kgjb`sof‟. Ejdjrtj5 Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj Bfoijlj Jco`g`strjs` Gfljrj. (9=:<
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