Extraccion de Cafeina y Clorofila

 

Lxtraiikù` dl ca iaelæ`a.

Cabhrathrkhh Quæfkia Hroá`kia Cabhrathrk

Dlksy A`drlk`a Ukccá` Aihsta

1;19?

^rhelshra [hca`da Flgæa Thrh

\. Era`iksih dl ^auca Ya`ta`dlr Eaiuctad dl ikl`ikas báskias Dlpartafl`th dl quæfkia Quæfkia k`dustrkac

I÷iuta, slptklfbrl 1= dlc 2>2> 1 

 

K`trhduiikù`

Ca iaelæ`a (I=M1>@4H2) (1,9,?-trkfltkcxa`tk`a), ls rlih`hikda ihfh u` kfphrta`tl ihfpulsth prlsl`tl l` lc iaeë y htras blbkdas l`lroëtkias, ca iuac ih`tkl`l prhpkldadls dl k`tlrës ihfh ca aitkvaikù` dlc skstlfa `lrvkhsh, sk` lfbaroh iklrth `÷flrh dl ca phbcaikù` rlimaza lstl ihfpulsth a iausa dl u`a  baga thclra`ika thclra`ika k`fu`hcùoki k`fu`hcùokiaa a chs leliths dlc fk fksfh. sfh. ^hr lsth ca lxtraiikù` ls u`a dl cas tëi`kias fás lfpcladas l` purkekiar prhduiths dl rlaiikh`ls hroá`kias. L` lstl prhilsh u`a shcuikù` ls flzicada vkohrhsafl`tl ih` u` slou`dh shcvl`tl, lstl shcvl`tl ls k`fksikbcl ih` lc shcvl`tl lfpcladh  para shcubkckza shcubkckzarr lc sh shcuth. cuth. Iua`d Iua`dhh chs dhs shcv shcvl`tls l`tls sh` flzica flzicadhs, dhs, ca susta`ika dksulcta sl dkstrkbuyl l`trl chs dhs shcvl`tls (easls) masta qul sl acia`za u` lqukckbrkh. Iua`dh sl suspl`dl ca aoktaikù`, chs dhs shcvl`tls k`fksikbcls, sl slpara` l` dhs easls. Lc shcuth ls dkstrkbukdh l`trl chs dhs shcvl`tls, y lstará l` fayhr ih`il`traikù` l` lc shcvl`tl dh`dl lc ls fás shcubcl.  

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1. ^rlou`tas y hbslrvaikh`ls

  ¸Quë eaithrls puldl` aelitar lc prhilsh dl lxtraiikù`8

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.L` lc prhilsh dl il`trkeuoa `h sl rlihfkl`da ca aoktaikù`, ya qul sl puldl ehrfar u`a lfucskù` `h dlslada. .Ac fhfl`th dl slparar ca easl hroá`kia sl dlbl tl`lr fuimh iukdadh y fuima prlskikh`, para lvktar ca tra`selrl`ika dl ca easl aiuhsa tafbkë`. .L` lc prhilsh dl lvaphraikù` sl dlbl rlackzar fltkiuchsafl`tl ya qul ca shcubkckdad ls sl`skbcl a iafbkhs dl tlfplratura. .Ihfh ls u`a lxtraiikù` ih`tk`ua y sl dlbl rlpltkr dkstk`ths pashs, chs fatlrkacls dlbl` slr ckfpkadhs dl ehrfa ihrrlita para lvktar flzicas dl rlskduhs. .Lc prhilsh dl rlphsh dl ca shcuikù` sl dlbl dlgar fuy bkl` tapadh para qul ca mufldad h htrhs eaithrls `h actlrl` ca fulstra.   ¸Quë htrhs prhilshs dl lxtraiikù` lxkstl`8

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.^lrihcaikù` l` erkh h iackl`tl. .Dlstkcaikù` .Dlstkcaik ù` ph phrr arrastrl dl vaphr .Lxtraiikù` l` easl shckda s hcvl`tl8   ¸Iùfh sl puldl` mailr lxtraiikh`ls dl varkhs shcuths prlsl`tls l` u` shcvl`tl8

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^hr fldkh dl ca lxtraiikù` sùckdh-cæqukdh sulcl slr fuimh fás lekikl`tl iua`dh sl mail dl fa`lra ih`tk`ua ih` lc dkshcvl`tl dl lxtraiikù` iackl`tl l` u` skstlfa ilrradh, utkckza`dh u`a flthdhchoæa skfkcar a ca ihfl`tada para ca lxtraiikù` cæqukdh-cæqukdh ih`tk`ua, basada l` ca failraikù` ih` dkshcvl`tl hroá`kih, prlvkafl`tl vaphrkzadh l` u` fatraz y ih`dl`sadh l` u` rlerkolra`tl, dl ca flzica sùckda a lxtralr ih`tl`kda dl`trh dl u` iartuimh h bhcsa dl ilcuchsa qul sl ihchia l` ca iáfara dl lxtraiikù`. Lc pash dlc dkshcvl`tl hroá`kih ih` partl dlc prhduith lxtraædh ac fatraz k`kikac, plrfktl qul lc fksfh dkshcvl`tl hroá`kih vulcva a slr vaphrkzadh, 9 

 

rlpktkl`dh u` `ulvh ikich dl lxtraiikù`, fkl`tras qul lc prhduith lxtraædh, `h vhcátkc, sl va ih`il`tra`dh l` lc fatraz.   ¸Iuácls sh` cas apckiaikh`ls k`dustrkacls fás ih`hikdas dl lstl fëthdh dl lxtraiikù`8

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.Ca lxtraiikù` cæqukdh-cæqukdh prlsl`ta u`a afpcka apckiaikù` l` ca k`dustrka dlc pltrùclh para slparar ackfl`taikh`ls cæqukdas l` eu`ikù` dl su `aturaclza quæfkia fás qul phr su plsh fhcliucar h ca dkelrl`ika dl vhcatkckdad. Ihfh lglfpch sl tkl`l ca slparaikù` l`trl mkdrhiarburhs arhfátkihs, ackeátkihs y `aetë`kihs. .Ca k`dustrka bkhquæfkia ihfh ca slparaikù` dl a`tkbkùtkihs y ca rliuplraikù` dl prhtlæ`as dl sustraths `aturacls. .Ca lxtraiikù` dl fltacls ihfh ca rliuplraikù` dlc ihbrl dl shcuikh`ls afh`kaiacls y slparaikh`ls dl fltacls phih usuacls y dl ksùthphs radkaitkvhs l` lclfl`ths ihfbustkbcls oastadhs. . Ca k`dustrka quæfkia k`hroá`kia para rliuplrar ihfpulsths tacls ihfh áikdh ehseùrkih, áikdh  bùrkih l mkdrùxkdh mkdrùxkdh dl shdk shdkhh dl shcuik shcuikh`ls h`ls aiuhsas aiuhsas.. . Rliuplraikù` dl ihfpulsths arhfátkihs ihfh el`hc, a`kck`a h ihfpulsths `ktrhol`adhs dl cas aouas dl dlslimh, ya qul ih`stktuyl` u`a eul`tl ih`tafk`a`tl. . Rliuplraikù` dl prhduiths sl`skbcls ac iachr . Rliuplraikù` dl ihfpulsths hroá`kihs dlc aoua ihfh ehrfacdlmkdh, áikdh eùrfkih y áikdh aiëtkih.

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  Hbslrvaikh`ls

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¸Iuá`th ls ca shcubkckdad dl ca iaelæ`a8 .2,1? o/1>> fc (2< ¾I) .1=,> o/1>> fc (=> ¾I) .5?,> o/1>> fc (1>> ¾I) ¸Iuác ls ca dl`skdad dlc dkichrhflta`h8 . 1,99 o/if¹ ¸Iuác ls lc ^u`th dl lbucckikù` dlc dkichrhflta`h8 dkichrhflta`h8 . 9;,5 ¾I

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AILCOA

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ACIHMHC

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THACCKTAY DL ACOHDH@

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RLIK^KL@TL

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  ^rhildkfkl`th

Ls u`a tëi`kia sl`ikcca l` iasa dh`dl phr lcca vafhs a lxtralr ca ichrhekca y phdlr hbslrvar lshs pkofl`ths qul mail` partl dl cas iëcucas vloltacls.

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4. Ekctrafhs para chorar u`a dkshcuikh` thtacfl`tl tra`sparl`tl.

1. K`trhduikfhs cas ailcoas(2>o) y lc apkh lspaña(1>o) l` chs rlikpkl`tls dh`dl rlackzarlfhs ca failraikh`.

9. Añadkfhs acihmhca u` rlikpkl`tl 5>fc y ac htrh 5>fc y sloukfhs failra`dh masta hbslrvar u` ckqukdh vlrdl(prhduith dl chs pkofl`ths dl ca ichrhekca)

2. Failrafhs maikl`dh plqulñhs fhvkfkl`ths masta chorar qul chs vloltacls quldl` ih` u`a ih`tlxtura ihfh dl purl.

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  Rlsuctadhs

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.^hdlfhs hbslrvar ihfh cas ailcoas tkl`l` u`a fayhr ih`il`traikù` dl ichrhekca ya qul l` ca dkshcuikù` ih` lc acihmhc sl pudh hbslrvar ihfh lsta dkh u`a th`ackdad dl u` vlrdl fás hsiurh a dkelrl`ika dlc apkh lspaña. .\safhs lc acihmhc ya qul chs pkofl`ths ichrheæckihs sh` shcubcls l` lstl shcvl`tls hroá`kih. .Ca aek`kdad quæfkia qul may l`trl lc acihmhc y ca ichrhekca plrfktl dkshcvlr ca ichrhekca qul sl l`iul`tra l` cas flfbra`as para ask phdlr lxtralrca ih` eaikckdad.   ^rlou`tas

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-¸Quë ls ca ichrhekca, eu`ikù` y dù`dl sl l`iul`tra8 Ca Ichrhekca ls lc pkofl`th dl ihchr vlrdl qul prlsl`ta` cas pca`tas y acoas, ls lc lclfl`th báskih para ca tra`sehrfaikù` dl ca l`lroæa dlc shc l` lc prhilsh dl  

ehthsæ`tlsks,, lc paplc dl ca ca ehthsæ`tlsks. Ca prk`ikpac eu`ikù` dl ca ichrhekca ls ca ehthsæ`tlsks ichrhekca l` ca ehthsæ`tlsks ls ca abshrikù` dl ehth`ls dl cuz ih` ca ih`skoukl`tl lxiktaikù` dl u` lclitrù` lclitrù`,, lsl lclitrù` lxiktadh ildl su l`lroæa, vhcvkl`dh ac lstadh `hrfac, a aco÷` pkofl`th auxkckar (a vlils htras ichrhekcas), dh`dl sl rlpktl lc el`ùfl`h: ac ek`ac lc lclitrù` lxiktadh eaikckta ca rlduiikù` dl u`a fhcëiuca, qulda`dh asæ ihfpcltada ca ih`vlrskù` dl u`a plqulña ia`tkdad dl l`lroæa cufk`hsa l` l`lroæa quæfkia, u`a dl cas eu`ikh`ls lsl`ikacls dl ca ehthsæ`tlsks.  

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Ca ichrhekca sl chiackza l` chs ichrhpcasths dl cas iëcucas vloltacls. Chs ichrhpcasths sh` hroá`uchs prlsl`tls l` lc lstrhfa dl ca iëcuca vloltac y ca ichrhekca sl l`iul`tra dl`trh dl cas flfbra`as dl chs tkcaihkdls.  tkcaihkdls.   -Lxpckia su lstruitura quæfkia

Quæfkiafl`tl cas ichrhekcas sh` fao`lskh-phrekrk`as. Lstas sh` basta`tl skfkcarls a ca fhcëiuca dl mlfhochbk`a, l`iaroada dlc tra`sphrtl dl hxæol`h l` `ulstra sa`orl. Afbas fhcëiucas dkeklrl` shcafl`tl l` chs tkphs y chiackzaikù` dl chs oruphs sustktuyl`tls l` lc a`kcch tltrapkrrùcki tltrapkrrùckih. h.  Lc fltac dlc a`kcch dl phrekrk`a l` ca mlfhochbk`a ls lc mklrrh, fkl`tras qul l` ca ichrhekca ls lc fao`lskh. Ca iadl`a catlrac dl ca ichrhekca ls dl `aturacls mkdrheùbkia h aphcar, y sl l`iul`tra ihfpulsta phr iuatrh u`kdadls kshprl`hkdls, dl`hfk`adas ekthc. Lstl sl l`iul`tra lstlrkekiadh ac oruph áikdh  prhpkùih l` lc a`kcch `÷fl `÷flrh rh iuatrh. -Kdl`tkekqul lc tkph dl lxtraiikù` utkckzadh  utkckzadh  

Ls u`a lxtraiikù` shckdh-ckqukda dksih`tk`÷a ya qul l` lc iash eavhrabcl dl u`a flzica dl sùckdhs l` ca iuac u`h dl chs ihfpulsths ls shcubcl l` u` dltlrfk`adh dkshcvl`tl (`hrfacfl`tl u` dkshcvl`tl hroá`kih), fkl`tras qul chs htrhs sh` k`shcubcls, phdlfhs mailr u`a lxtraiikù` ih`skstl`tl l` añadkr lstl dkshcvl`tl a ca flzica ih`tl`kda l` u` vash dl prlikpktadhs, ; 

 

u` fatraz h u`a iápsuca dl phrilca`a, l` eræh h l` iackl`tl, aoktar h trkturar ih` ayuda dl u`a varkcca dl vkdrkh y slparar phr ekctraikù` ca dkshcuikù` qul ih`tkl`l lc prhduith lxtraædh y ca eraiikù` k`shcubcl qul ih`tkl`l cas kfpurlzas. -Ih`sucta7 quë tëi`kias sl puldl` lfpclar para slparar chs pkofl`ths ichrheæckihs dlc lxtraith

hbtl`kdh. Ecuhrlsil`ika7 Failrar 1> orafhs dl lspk`aia ih` u` phih dl acihmhc ltæckih ac ;< %, dlia`tar y ekctrar (ih` oasa y/h acohdù`): aorloar fás acihmhc ltæckih, sloukr failra`dh y rlpltkr lc  prhilsh. L` thtac `h usar f fás ás dl 5> fc. Lc prhdui prhduith th asæ hbtl`kdh hbtl`kdh sl utkckzará par paraa hbslrvar hbslrvar ca ecuhrlsil`ika dl ca ichrhekca, kcufk`á`dhch sh` u`a eul`tl dl cuz paraclch (aparath dl  prhyliikù`,  prhyli ikù`, cáfpara dl fkirhsihpk fkirhsihpkh, h, lti.). Irhfathoraeæa l` iapa ek`a7 Ih`skstl l` usar u` lcuyl`tl adliuadh, kdl`tkekiá`dhsl chs  pkofl`ths phr su su ihf ihfphrtafkl`th phrtafkl`th irhf irhfathoráekih athoráekih y lsplitrh lsplitrh dl ab abshrikù` shrikù` l` ccaa zh`a azucvkhclta (42; `f ca ihrhekca "a" y 4 `f ca ichrhekca "a" y 549 ca ichrhekca "b").

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Ih`icuskh`ls

  Ih`icukfh Ih`icukfhss ihfh lc prhilsh dl lxtraiikù` ls ta` kf kfphrta`t phrta`tll l` ca k` k`dust dustrka rka ya qul lstl

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slpara u` prhduith hroá`kih dl u`a flzica dl rlaiikù` h para akscarch dl sus eul`tls `aturacls.   Lfpærkiafl`tl ca práitkia l` iasa sl da dl ehrfa skfpcl y sl`ikcca shch para tl`lr

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eu`dafl`ths icarhs para eafkckarkzar`hs ih` cas ltapas icavls dl lstl ora`  prhildkfkl`th.  prhildkfkl` th.   L` lc prhilsh dl ca lxtraiikù` dl ca iaelæ`a sl lvkdl`ikh cas ltapas y chs iukdadhs qul

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lstl prhilsh rlquklrl y sl lglfpckekih ca apckiaikù` dl ca ih`sta`tl dl rlparth phr fldkh dl ca liuaikù`.

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Rlelrl`ikas bkbckhoráekias

  mttp7//www.eia.u`lr mttp7//www.eia.u`lr.ldu.ar/ekcls .ldu.ar/ekcls/aiadlfkia/dlpths/iatldr /aiadlfkia/dlpths/iatldras/ekskhchokavlo/fXdkdai as/ekskhchokavlo/fXdkdaitk tk

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ih/fa`uacXpraitkias/Lxt^koXbLD.pde   mttp7//www.ub.ldu/hbcq/hbcq%2>iastlcca`h/lxtraiikhXtkp.mtfc     mttp7//www.ub.ldu/hbcq/hbcq%2>iastlcca`h/lxtraiikhXtkp.mtfc

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  mttps7//www.elrtkbhx.`lt/sk`ocl-

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