Expresion Artistica I Unidad

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca

Luâc fd n`rcs fd crtd C an acrln fd dstd am`rn ustdf deknetrcrã acs smlumdetds n`rcs fd crtd?

Ac enkjd dstrdaacfc fd Wmekdet Wce Lnlj (grclbdetn) pcl. 4 Ac pmdfcf, Bmluda Ãelda. Xcl.7 Pudfc fd `mkmkadtc, Bcrkda Fukjcbp. Xcl.7 Da Ludremkc, Xc`an Xmkcssn. Xcl.< Burcads fd @necbpci. Xcl.3; Jnb`rd fd Wmtruvmn, Adnecrfn fc Wmekm. Xcl.34 Xcpc smavdstrd, grdskn de ac mladsmc kuctrn scetns knrnecfns fd Pnbc. pcl.37 Da eckmbmdetn fd Wdeus, [cefrn @ntmkkdaam. Xcl.37 Ac Lmnknefc, Adnecrfn fc Wmekm. Xcl.3< Ac Krdckmûe, Bmluda Celda. Xcl.3: Ac^onvde kne daFmdln crdtdfd fdWdaãzqudz. pdrac, Onjceeds Acs Bdemecs, Xcl,03Wdrbddr. Xcl.0N Pdtrctn fd Bnesmdur Acvnmsmdr y su dspnsc, Ockquds-Anums Fcvmf. pcl._0 Da `dsn, Cetnemn Kcenvc. Xcl.0; Ac budrtd fd [ûkrctds, Ockquds Anums Fcvmf. Xcl.06 Ac Bcoc vdstmfc, Grcekmskn fd Lnyc. Xcl.0[ Ac am`drtcf luâcefn ca pud`an, Dulded Fdackrnmx. Xcl.07 Da `cr fd Gnamds @drldrd, Dfncrf Bnedt. Xcl.0< Buodr kne snb`rmaac, Dfncrf Bnedt. Xcl._@ Ac kacsd fd @caadt, Dflcr Fdlcs. Xcl.0= Da lrmtn, Dfncrf Buekj. Xcl.;8 Kcrecvca fd cradqumeds, Once Bmrû. Xcl.;; Ac pdrsmstdekmc fd ac bdbnrmc, [cavcfnr Fcaâ. Xcl.;[ Vrds bÿsmkns, Xc`an Xmkcssn. Xcl.;7 Bcfrd kne jmon. Xc`an Xmkcssn. Xcl.6'a Wce Lnlj. Ac jc`mtckmûe, Wmekdet Fne Sumontd, Kcrans Bírmfc. Xcl.60Xcl.63 Buodr, Krms Ngmam. Xcl.v2n6]TZp:;b D&gdctu rd2 X acyAmst&p2< 64Dl 63 < K C:47C4 3 &pacyedxtOrnb2XA&m efdx

2;4&pacyedxt23

Cktmvmfnf fd rdknp¡tuankmûe

[dlÿe an qud jc dstufmcfn cetdrmnrbdetd, dxpamqud kne sus pcac`rcs an smlumdetd? aefmqud quí rdlmneds knbprdefd Bdsncbírmkc? Deubdrd ans pdrmnfns fda crtd bcyc, mefmkcefn ac ípnkc qud c`crkû kcfc uen?

Dxpamqud kuãa drc ac mbpnrtcekmc fd acs dskuaturcs pcrc ans bcycs?

Fdskrm`c kûbn rdcamzc`ce ans bcycs sus dskuaturcs y kuãads drce sus mestrubdetns.

xpamqud quí megnrbckmûe knetdeâce acs dstdacs, pnr quí sd knestruâce y kûbn sd dfmgmkc`ce?

¾Suí drce ans Kjckbnna y quí dxpamkckmneds jce fcfn ans crqudûanlns ca rdspdktn>

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca dxtrceodrn, qud sd krdd aadlc`c fd an qud jny ds Bíxmkn. Da rdtrctn rdprdsdetc c ans pdrsnecods ctcvmcfns kne onycs, puasdrcs y pdeckjns, y ca dxtrceodrn kne tnfn da kudrpn pmetcfn fd edlrn.

Ans dxpdrtns knmekmfde de qud da bcynr dspadefnr fd ac pmeturc bcyc sd dekudetrc de da pcackmn fd @necbpci, de an qud cktucabdetd ds Kjmcpcs. [d trctc fd trds

kucrtns fda dfmgmkmn, pmetcfns de da cón v2d\EVm rB lwD&

gdcturd2rdactdf

M

 

-

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc

Cktmvmfnf mefmvmfuna

C knetmeuckmûe sd prdsdetce fns kucfrns? da prmbdrn knrrdspnefd c ac ípnkc bdfmdvca y da sdluefn ca Pdeckmbmdetn. N`sdrvd kumfcfnscbdetd da bcedon fd ac pdrspdktmvc, ds fdkmr kûbn sd pacsbc ac sdesckmûe fd prnguefmfcf. Fdtdrbmed acs prmekmpcads fmgdrdekmcs detrd uen y ntrn. y ans kcb`mns de da rdcamsbn fd acs mbãldeds. Knbpcrd ans fdtcaads y pdrgdkkmûe de ac gmlurc jubcec. y prmekmpcabdetd ac mbprd-

smûe fd vnaubde. Dskrm`c sus n`sdrvckmneds de acs aâedcs knrrdspnefmdetds?

m'

mM

 

rym'' Aínenrfn, da lde¡Û rdenkdetmstn

Bcrtc [cefnvca

Xnkns jnb`rds jce cpnrtcfn tcetn ca crtd uemvdrsca knbn Adnecrfn Fc Wmekm, ue ldemn qud eckmû de atcamc da 34 fd c`rma fd 3640 y ds knesmfdrcfn uen fd ans pcfrds fda Pdeckmbaí¡tn. Gud cfdbãs fd pmetnr, ue mbpnrtcetd kmdetâgmkn, mevdetnr, meldemdrn y dskuatnr. Knbn mevdetnr fdscrrnaaû prnydktns buy cfdacetcfns c su ípnkc, knbn da jdam,kûpmdrn¡ pcrc da kuca fm`uoû ans pacens y bnfdans, cuequd euekc pufn aadlcr c knes-

M

?mm^E.

'M

D J

ts rÿ

J J

rt

? ,, .

.

, trumran.,Xdrn,gud su cpnrtd.ca crtd, da qud bãs sd ad rdknenkd y su adlcfn bãs mbpnrtcetd pcrc acjubcemfcf.

Ds oustcbdetd de da Pdeckmbmdetn, kucefn Adnecrfn Fc Wmekm pmetc uec fd acs n`rcs bãs mbpnrtcetds fd ac jmstnrmc fda crtd? Ac Lmnknefc, knebmfc tcb`míe knbn Ac Bnec Amsc, da rdtrctn fd uec buodr kne uec snermsc bmstdrmnscr, Da,kucfrn sd íekudetrc.ckft¡cabdetd de da busdn fda Anuvrd de Xcrâs, y jcstc ac gdkjc smlud smdeCn nT¡dtn fd dstufmn y fd cfbmrckmûe, fdsfd ans qud fmkde qud Ac Bnec Amsc ds da bmsbn Fc Wmekm kne kudrfd,bumSm, jcstc cqudaans qud csdlurce qud gud uec fcbc fd ac en`adzc fd dsc ípnkc. Ctrcd tcb`míe su dxprdsmûe, jcy qumdeds csqurce qud snerâd y ntrns qud en an jckd, dsd ds uen fd ans lrcefds vcanrds fda kucfrN9.§u§fm§detd,metdtprdtcdmdeds.,.Adnecrfn Fc Wmekm gud ue pmnedrn de da usnfdakacrnsdurn, dstufmû, bukjn da usn fd ac auz pcrc fcrad ecturcamfcf c sus kucfrns. Ntrc fd sus n`rcs bãs mbpnrtcetds gud Ac ÿatmbc kdec, uec rdprdsdetckmûe fd Odsÿs kne sus cpûstnads kcrlcfc fd uec `daadzc y rdcamsbn dxkdpkmneca.

p

J J MO

lrupns Cktmvmfnf de pdqudóns da rnstrn fd Ac N`sdrvde fdtdemfcbdetd Lmnknefc y fdtdrbmede an smlumdetd? ¾Jckmc fûefd fmrmld su bmrcfc>

¾[nerâd, n en snerâd>

¾Xnr quí ds demlbãtmkn su rnstrn>

¾Krdde qud ac bnfdan drc uec buodr `daac> Dxpamqude sus rdspudstcs.

Kne dstc cktmvmfcf knbprn`crãe acs fmstmetcs rdckkmneds d metdrprdtckmneds qud prnvnkc da kucfrn9 kcfc uen an pudfd cprdkmcr fd fmgdrdetd bcedrc, pdrn smdbprd ds mbprdsmnecetd.

Gmecamkde ac cktmvmfcf kne uec pudstc de knbÿe, knbpcrtmdefn sus npmemneds kne da rdstn fd Mc kacsd.

M

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc

Bmluda Celda y su knpmaan

De da Pdeckmbmdetn surld ntrn fd ans bãs lrcefds crtmstcs fd ac jmstnrmc? Bmluda Ãelda @unecrrntm, qud gud pmetnr, dskuatnry crqumtdktn. Eckmû de atcamc de 36v2`b4]bdTVxNa&gdctu rd2rdactdf

e

-f

#

. íD*

3,gg& y9,.6

M

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca

Da @nrrnkn Furcetd da `crrnkn ac gnrbc fd jckdr crtd kcb`mc frãstmkcbdetd. Acs n`rcs dxkdsmvcbdetd cfnrecfcs, acs kurvcs, ans knanrds bãs vmvns, dbpmdzce c bcemgdstcrsd de ans trc`cons fd ans crtmstcs. Acs gnrbcs bãs

bdsurcfcsnsmbpadspcscefdbnfcydacrtdsdvudavdbãsknbpadon {r y derdvdscfn. C`crkc fda cón 3788 jcstc da 3

¾Suí npmec sn`rd da usn fda knanr y ac maubmeckmûe>

¾Xnr quí krdd qud Fdackrnmx pmetû pdrsnecods tce fmstmetns knbn ue jnb`rd kne snb`rdrn fd knpc, ue n`rdrn y jcstc ue bukjckjn qud aadvc crbcs de sus bcens>

¾Xnr quí krdd qud Fdackrnmx pmetc c ac Am`drtcf knbn uec buodr>

¾Suí smb`namzce ans budrtns qud sd dekudetrce de da sudan>

¾Da kucfrn ad fc mfdc fd uec aukjc vmktnrmnsc n uec fdrrntc>, ¾pnr quí>

[m knbpcrc ac tdbãtmkc prdfnbmecetd de da `crrnkn (rdtrctns fd rdyds y gcbmamcs rdcads) kne dstd kucfrn, ¾quí kcb`mns snkmcads krdd qud sd bcemgmdstce>

abclmed ac jmstnrmc qud kudetc dstd kucfrn y dskrâ`cac de jnocs cfmkmnecads n de su kucfdren.

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca

*

mã99>í

{dÂ

m

m

IO

?3

'ggm ?rÍ G? D'-

Mbprdsmnemsbn

?.*# t"' , ' t]o, gggms

Pdpcsdbns ue pnkn ac jmstnrmcfdacrtd? Da ednkacsmkmsbn prmvmadlmc`c ac rczûey tnbc`cknbn bnfdans c ans cetmluns lrmdlns y rnbcens. De da pdrmnfn ednkaãsmkn tnfn sd dxpamkc`c, tnfn sd cecamzc`c pnr bdfmn fd ac rczûe. Audln tadlc da rnbcetmkmsbn y rnbpd kne tnfn dsn. Daans yc en qumdrde mbmtcr c ans lrmdlns smen sdr nrmlmecads y dxpantcr ac krdctmvmfcf. Ac rczûe pcsc c sdluefn pacen, an mbpnrtcetd pcrc ans rnbãetmkns sne

ans sdetmbmdetns, y pnr dsn sne mfdcamstcs y cpcsmnecfns. Xuds ans mbprdsmnemstcs sd metdrdsce pnr da bnbdetn, da mestcetd prdkmsn de qud nkurrd caln, pnr uec mbclde qud ds sûan uec mbprdsmûe de ac bdetd.

Ans ednkacsmkmstcs `uskc`ce ac pdrgdkkmûe fd ans trczns y ans mbprdsmnemstcs ad juyde. En qumdrde gmlurcs rdcamstcs, qumdrde mbãldeds qud dvnqude, knbn sckcfcs fd ue sudón aulcz. [ne fdstdaans fd auz, dskdecs fmgubmecfcs n devudatcs de `rubc. Ans mbprdsmnemstcs sd prdnkupce pnr da bnvmbmdetn, qumdrde fcrad c sus kucfrns ue sdetmfn fd clmamfcf, qumdrde pmetcr mekausn da kursn qud smlude acs eu`ds de da kmdan. Knbn vmbns, da rnbcetmkmsbn rdtnbc ans pcmscods knbn bntmvn y ans mbprdsmnemstcs ans fdscrrnaace cÿe bãs. Knbn en `uskc`ce rdcamsbn y dxcktmtuf, ans kucfrns mbprdsmnemstcs sd pmetc`ce bãs rãpmfn, drce

knbn uec fdskcrlc fd dadktrmkmfcf qud kcâc sn`rd da pmetnr y an mbpuasc`c c knanrdcr ac tdac. Caluens de bdens fd bdfmc jnrc. Te kucfrn mbprdsmnemstc ds caln csâ knbn detrdkdrrcr ans nons y vdr uec dskdec. [d vdrã fmgubmecfc, fdsdegnkcfc qumzã, pdrn qudfcrã da rdkudrfn, da mestcetd qud sd lrc`c de ac bdetd. Da mbprdsmnemsbn memkmû de ac sdluefc bmtcf fda smlan ZMZ de Grcekmc y su prmekmpca dxpnedetd gud Kacufd Bnedt.

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc

Kanufd Bnedt y ans eudvns knanrds

Bnedt dbpdzû fm`uocefn kcrmkcturcs, fm`uons kûbmkns qud jckâce rdâr c ac ldetd y qud caluens pdrmûfmkns y rdvmstcs ad knbprc`ce. Xdrn su metdekmûe drc krdcr lrcefds n`rcs fd crtd, su rdknenkmfn. sdr uesd crtmstc C pdscr pud`an pcfrd fd fd su qud npneâc, fdkmfmû vmcocr ectca c Xcrâs, fnefd dbpdzû c pmetcr. [u vmfc gud fmgâkma y degrdetû sdrmns prn`adbcs dkneûbmkns, mekausn ju`n bnbdetns de qud en pnfâc pclcr ac kcadgckkmûe n ans cambdetns pcrc su jmon. Xnr sm gudrc pnkn, ad n`amlcrne c prdstcr sdrvmkmn bmamtcr de Crldamc fnefd degdrbû fd tmgus y vnavmû bcatrdkjn. aetdetû sumkmfcrsd, pdrn dsn tcbpnkn ad scamû `mde.

[me db`crln en fdsmstmû de su metdetn pnr sdr ue lrce pmetnr y an knesmlumû. Acs lcadrâcs dbpdzcrne c metdrdscrsd pnr sus trczns, de cpcrmdekmc fdskumfcfns, y sus knanrds qud sd bdzkac`ce uens kne yntrns de tntcadececrquâc. da bãxmda íxmtn sd knevmrtmû Csâ knesmlumû bn dxpnedetd fda mbprdsmnemsbn. Bnedt dbpadû knanrds euekc cetds utmamzcfns, sd degnkû de ans tnens pcstda y knesmlumû snb`rcs kne tnens fd czua y en fd edlrn knbn sd cknstub`rc`c.

Cktmvmfnf mefmvmfuna

N`sdrvd da kucfrn fd Bnedt de dstc pãlmec y rdspnefc an smlumdetd? ¾Suí sdesckmneds ad prnvnkc>

,??.,?r??C

pdscr fd qud en ds uec pmeturc rdcamstc, ¾sd pdrkm`d ac ctbûsgdrc, da kambc fda aulcr>

.."r¾Kûbn sd mbclmec dsd aulcr>

Knbpcrd Acs Bdemecs, Ac Am`drtcf lumcefn ca pud`an y da kucfrn fd Bnedt. ¾Kuãads sne acs fmgdrdekmcs de kucetn ca tdbc, ans knanrds, acs gmlurcs, ac maubmeckmûe y ans trczns>

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca fmstnrsmnec`ce c su bcedrc y cetnon. ]c en sd `uskc`c ac rczne, bãs `mde an mrrckmneca, y sd fdgdefâc ac mefmvmfucamfcf, ac dxprdsmûe krdctmvc fd kcfc crtmstc, ac am`drtcf pcrc pacsbcr knbn ad eckmdrc c kcfc uen. De dstc ípnkc surlde da kmed y ac gntnlrcgâc, rdgadons gmdads fd ac rdcamfcf, ds pnr dsn qud c ans crtmstcs yc en ads pcrdkd tce mbpnrtcetd rdtrctcr kne gmfdamfcf acs dskdecs, puds euekc pnfrãe jckdran mluca qud ac gntnlrcgâc9 dsn ans aadvc c trc`cocr de eudvcs gnrbcs fd pmetcr.

.^^

,.;

rns

Fdlns 3?

y da `naadt

Ntrn fd ans lrcefds dxpnedetds fda mbprdsmnemsbn

'rd Dfucrf Fdlcs, ue pmetnr grcekís qud sd metdrd-

sû pnr kcpturcr mestcetds de da buefn fda `caadt. [us kucfrns sudade sdr rdtrctns fd `cmacrmecs, Onefd ans tutÿs sne advds, tcetn qud pcrdkde dad'crsd. [us n`rcs dstãe aadecs fd pndsâc y fd uec kdaadzc mbprdsmnecetd. onvde tuvn prn`adbcs vmsucads y gud adsfd buy ¡drfmdefn pcuactmecbdetd ac vmsmûe, jcstc qud de su vdodz sd qudfû kmdln. [us n`rcs rdtrctce enbdetns su`ambds y fdamkcfns, qud ca gmeca ía yc

rn pufn

vdr.

Vcetn Fdlcs knbn Bnedt cknstub`rc`ce pmetcr ca cmrd am`rd, de kcbpns c`mdrtns n grdetd c pcmscods, dons fd acs prdsmneds y da dekmdrrn fd ue dstufmn.

Dxprdsmnemsbn

Kne ans pmetnrds dxprdsmnemstcs dbpmdzc da crtd c`strcktn, aâedcs, gmlurcs, trczns meknedxns kuyc ÿemkc metdekmûe drc rdprdsdetcr da buefn metdrmnr fd kcfc crtmstc, yc en ue rdgadon fd an kcptcfn kne ac vmstc, smen fd an qud sd pudfd kcptcr kne ans kmekn sdetmfns. Da crtd aadlc c sdr uec gnrbc fd kctcrsms, ds fdkmr fd am`drcr tnfn an qud sd aadvc fdetrn.

Da dxprdsmnemsbn eckmû de Cadbcemc, c prmekmpmns

fda smlan ZZ, uens cóns cetds fd ac

Xrmbdrc

Ludrrc Buefmca y sd fdscrrnaaû ca acfn fda knegamktn `íamkn. Xnr dsn acs pmeturcs dxprdsmnemstcs sudade dstcr kcrlcfcs fd cbcrlurc y tmdefde c sdr bãs snb`râcs. [d fmkd qud da dxprdsmnemsbn ds pdsmbmstc y budstrc da acfn trmstd fd ac vmfc. Bukjns crt¡stcs cprnvdkjc`ce acs krmsms dxmstdekmcads qud sugrâce, da tdbnr c ac budrtd y ac fdkdpkmûe ldedrcfc pnr ac ludrrc, knbn bntnr fd dxprdsmûe qud pacsbc`ce de sus n`rcs.

Ans dxprdsmnemstcs rdkjczce acs mfdcs fd ans [urlde eudvns tdbcs de acs n`rcs crtâstmkcs qud mbprdsmnemstcs y snstmdede qud en jcy qud `cscr-

dxprdscrsd. rdcamfcf ypcrc Xmetcr en acpmetcr, mbprdsmûe, smen ds su pnstusd deacacdxprdsmûe

acs

cetds dstc`ce vdfcfns, n drce kcsm prnjm`mfns.

acfn. Fce bãs mbpnrtcekmc c ac dxprdsmûe fd ans Crqumtdkturn dxprds¡ne¡stn sdetmbmdetns qud c ac fdskrmpkmûe n c ac knpmc fd ac Da bnvmbmdetn dxprdsmnemstc aadlû tcb`míe c ac rdcamfcf, pnr dsns sus kucfrns sudade dvnkcr gmlu- crqumtdkturc. Furcetd dstc ípnkc sd knesaruydrne 'cs rdcads pdrn en prdtdefde dfmgmkmns gudrc fd an knevdekmneca. kacsbcracs de tnfns sus kne kurvcs bcrkcfcs y grclbdetcfdtcaads knbn sm gudrc uec kmneds fd tnfn tmpn. ggmj {.." st . gntnlrcgâc. Csâ pnr dodbpan, Bukjns fd ans crqumtdktns dxprdsm+Fmdln fd Wdaãzqudz, `crrnpnrqud emstcs kn, sd dsgnrzc`c tuvmdrne qud mr c ac ludryc" ans rnstrns qud pmetc`c gudrce Pdknrfdbns qud da dxprdsmne's?-? sd fdscrrnaaû furcetd ac Xrm'rs'c fíetmkns c ans rdcads, de kcb`mn ans dxprdsmnemstcs ans Ludrrc Buefmca, y pnr dsn aks c'?.s-

M

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc tcs tuvmdrne qud knb`ctmr. C su rdlrdsn, de tmdbpn fd detrdludrrcs, ans crqumtdktns dxprdscrne sus sdetmbmdetns de ans dfmgmkmns qud fmsdóc`ce, pnr dsn tmdefde c sdr gudrtds y kcrlcfns. [d rdprdsdetc`ce gnrbcs kne dstman fd lrutcs n kcvdrecs. De dstns cóns sd pnpuacrmzc da acfrmaan, da vmfrmn y da ckdrn, qud dbpmdzce c prnfukmrsd de lrcefds kcetmfcfds y qud smrvde fd bctdrmc prmbc c ans crtmstcs. Knbn Durnpc dstc`c scamdefn fd uec gudrtd ludrrc, ans rdkursns dkneÛbmkns drce dskcsns y pnr dsn caluens lrcefds prnydktns fd dfmgmkmns dxprdsmnemstcs en sd knestruydrne. Ac knestrukkmûe dxprdsmnemstc db`adbc fda bnvmbmdetn, ds ac Vnrrd Dmestdme, krdcfc de 3=08 pnr Drmkj Bdefdasnje, qud sd dekudetrc de Xnstfcb, Cadbcemc. Kudetc uec ceíkfntc qud da crqumtdktn pmfmû c Dmestdme qud vmsmtcrc ac tnrrd qud `cutmzû kne su enb`rd. Dagâsmkn aadlÛ, ac rdknrrmÛ y dstuvn tnfn datmdbpn kne ac `nkc kdrrcfc, jcstc qud scamû y ac knetdbpaÛ pnr gudrc, fmon? "ds nrlãemkc".

Da lrmtn fd Buekj

Tec fd acs n`rcs db`adbãtmkcs fda dxprdsmnemsbn ds sme fufc DaLrmtn, fdacrtmstc enrudln Dfucrf Buekj. [d trctc fd ue amdezn qud budstrc ue rnstrn fdsgmlurcfn acezcefn ue lrmtn. Dagnefn ds fd knanrds cecrceocfns y nkrds qud sd bdzkace uens kne ntrns. En sd knbprdefd da smtmn fnefd dstã da jnb`rd qud lrmtc, ds sûan caln knegusn y sn`rdknldfnr. Buekj qudrâc rdgadocr da bmdfn fd ans sdrds jubcens, prmekmpcabdetd da suyn, cetd ac smtuckmûe buefmca knegusc y c`surfc. Da kucfrn trcesbmtd celustmc, bmdfn, uec dspdkmd fd dskcangrân. Te fctn kurmnsn ds qud dstd kucfrn gud rn`cfn de 0886 fda busdn fd Nsan, sme vmnadekmc y sme rumfn, su rn`n gud kcsm mbpdrkdptm`ad. Cgnrtuecfcbdetd anlrcrne rdkupdrcran fns cóns fdspuís. "Ac degdrbdfcf, ac ankurc y ac budrtd gudrne ans ãeldads qud rnfdcrne bm kuec y bd smlumdrne furcetd tnfc bm vmfc", fmon caluec vdz Buekj. [d rdgdrâc c ac trãlmkc vmfc qud aadvû. Kucefn drc pdqudón burmdrne su bcfrd y uec jdrbcec, bãs tcrfd gcaadkmÛ su jdrbcen bcynr y c su ntrc jdrbcec ad fmclenstmkcrne uec degdrbdfcf Audln da prnpmn Buekj sugrmû uec dxtrcóc degdrbdfcf qud bdetca qud gudkne ad mbpdfâc trcstnren `mpnacr, qud ad jckâc pcscr fda bcynr fd ans oÿ`mans c ac ue daans. krddeknevmvmr `mûlrcgns caluensqud pdnr fd acs trmstdzcs. Vnfn dstn megauyû de su n`rc, qud gud smdbprd grâc, kcrlcfc fd celustmc y tdbcs tded`rnsns. Ntrcs fd sus n`rcs bãs fdstckcfcs sne Bdaceknaâc, Budrtd fd ue @njdbmn y Ac Bcfnec.

Cktmvmfnf mefmvmfuna

Te dxpdrmbdetn dxprdsmnemstc [mlumdefn da prnkdsn qud rdcamzc`ce ans dxprdsmnemstcs, ustdf pudfd pmetcr ue kucfrn de da qud prnydmtd tn qud surld de su metdrmnr. Jãlcsd kneskmdetd fd sus dbnkmneds n sdetmbmdetns, vmsucaâkdans, mbclmed kûbn sdrâce sm tuvmdrce gnrbc y knanr. Vnbd ue amdezn n uec jnoc fd pcpda, y pmeturcs n krcyneds. Am`drd su dedrlâc krdctmvc y pacsbd an qud surmc fd su metdrmnr' Cagmecamzcr pudfde jckdr uec dxpnsmkmûe kne acs n`rcs fd tnfns.

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca

Cktmvmfnf fd rdknpmtuankmûe

'a-

Jclc ue kucfrn knbpcrctmvn detrd ans fmgdrdetds bnvmbmdetns dstufmcfns jcstc cjnrc. Centd acs prmekmpcads kcrcktdrâstmkcs fd kcfc uen, de acs kcsmaacs knrrdspnefmdetds.

te

ad

PdeckmbYdetn .j

c e-

;[

md

On

my e-

an Kn

ac

rs-

Oe  da TD

D. adfc kc ard

ry

cf

ud ac

rcs

rc.

F-

s,

c-

aa,

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc

Cktmvmfcf de pdqudóns lrupns

[ûan pcrc dxpdrtns?N`sdrvde kumfcfnscbdetd ans dodbpans smlumdetds, jcy uen fd kcfc bnvmbmdetn fd ans qud jdbns dstufmcfn. ¾Xudfde mfdetmgmkcrans> ¡Kacrn qud sâ

ma

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca Od

Ans vnelunrfmns

Aadlc da smlan ZZ y kne ía ac mfdc fd

emfcf, fd rnbpdr kne tnfn an krdcr knscs eudvcs, dxpdrmbdetcr, krmr. Ans crtmstcs yc en qumdrde ac c dskuaturc y ac crqumtdkturc tr fdsdce caln qud scalc fd an knbÿe y q snrprdefc. Csâ eckde acs vcelucrfmcs rdvnaukmnece an qud jcstc dsd sd detdefâc pnr crtd. Da tírbmen vm fda grcekís cvcet lcrfd, ue tírbmen bmamtcr qud fdsmlec ca lrupn fd vce ca grdetd de ac `ctcaac, ans qud dx ?krmn y sne ans prmbdrns de fmspcrcr. ] dsn drc an qud ans crtmstcs vcelucrfmstcs qudrâce jckdr? bcrkjcr ca grdetd, bnstrcr da kcbmen y fdsku`rmr. De dstc ípnkc sd rdemdlc fda pcscfn, ans eudvns krdcfnrds pmdesce qud en jcy ecfc qud cprdefdr fd sus prdfdkdsnrds y qud an bdonr qud pudfde jckdr ds `uskcr caln euekc cetds jdkjn.

surlmû de ans bmsbns cóns de ga?udvcelucrfmsbn sd fdscrrnaac`c ac Xrmbdrc Ludrrc Buefmca, da

buefn jc`âc kcb`mcfn frãstmkcbdetd, cjnrc dxms?mc ue bnvmbmdetn `íamkn tce gudrtd y lrcefd qud dstc`c anlrcefn qud tnfn da pacedtc sd mevnaukrc'c, ]c en drc pnsm`ad pdescr y detdefdr ac dxmstde?mc knbn sd jckâc cetds, dsn pdesc`ce ans crtmstcs ',,celucrfmstcs y pnr dsn qudrâce rnbpdr kne da kcscfn y dbpdzcr fd kdrn. [me `mde ans dxprdsmnemstcs yc jc`âce dbpdzcfn c kmetcr fdgnrbcefn ac rdcamfcf y kne trczns mbpdrgdktns, ans vcelucrfmstcs fmdrne ue pcsn bãs... Fuden vcrmns pcsns bãs. Xmetc`ce mekausn gmlurcs ldnbítrmkcs n smbpads aâedcs sdlumfcs fd puetns, tnfn drc prnfuktn fd ac pcsmûe fda mestcetd. Ans fm`uons kaãsmkns y pdrgdktns pnr ans qud tcetn sd

dsgnrzc`ce ans cetmluns crtmstcs jc`âce qudfcfn mdons, buy adons. [d `uskc`c ac dspnetcedmfcf, en ans fmsdóns prdvmcbdetd pacedcfns y bdtmkuanscbdetd nrlcemzcfns. [d prmvmadlmc`c ac pcsmûe, ac vmnadekmc y ac gudrzc fd ac krdckmûe crtâstmkc. 5Acs kcrcktdrâstmkcs prmekmpcads fda bnvmbmdetn sne?

5Da rnbpmbmdetn kne tnfn an dstc`adkmfn. 5Da fdsdn fd krdcr caln eudvn, euekc cetds vmstn de da crtd. 5Tec cktmtuf prnvnkcfnrc, lcecs fd snrprdefdr y fd fcr fd quí jc`acr.

5An dxpdrmbdetca de tnfcs acs n`rcs.

5Am`drtcf tntca pcrc krdcr sme rdspdtcr emeluec rdlac prdvmcbdetd dstc`adkmfc.

De ac pmeturc ans vcelucrfmstcs utmamzce knanrds gudrtds, mekausn dstrmfdetds. En tmdede bmdfn fd bdzkacr ac pcadtc fd tnfcs acs gnrbcs pnsm`ads. Dbpmdzce c pmetcr n`rcs c`strcktcs, fnefd yc en ds pnsm`ad rdknenkdr gnrbcs n gmlurcs rdcads, bãs `mde smbpadbdetd dvnkce caln. Da usn fd gmlurcs ldnbítrmkcs ds knestcetd. De ac amtdrcturc da bnvmbmdetn surld gudrtd d mbpnedetd. Ans pndbcs, qud utmamzc`ce uec bítrmkc y rmbc, sd vudavde tntcabdetd am`rds y sd ad dbpmdzc c fcr mbpnrtcekmc tcb`míe c ac tmpnlrcgâc n c ac gnrbc de qud sd nrfdece acs pcac`rcs de ac pãlmec. Caluens dskrmtnrds sd prdnkupc`ce pnrqud sus dskrmtns gnrbcrce mbãldeds de da pcpda. ]c da nrfde krnenaûlmkn en mbpnrtc, pnr da knetrcrmn sd trctc fd ckc`cr kne ía y fd knetcr jmstnrmcs dbpdzcefn pnr ac bmtcf n dagmeca. Acs vcelucrfmcs sd fmvmfmdrne de vcrmns bnvmbmde-

tns, kne acs bmsbcs knekdpkmneds pdrn fmstmetcs kcrcktdrâstmkcs? da ku`msbn, da fcfcâsbn, da guturmsbn y da surrdcamsbn.

Guturmsbn.

Eckmû de 3=8= y uen fd sus bcynrds pnstuacfns gud ac suprdbckâc fd ac meaumkmûe grdetd c ac metdamldekmc. Ans crtmstcí guturmstcs pdesc`ce qud an bdonr drce lumcrsd pnr ac metumkmûe, cetds qud pcscr jnrcs pdescefn acs knscs. Knbn ac bcynrâc

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc fd ans lrupns fd vcelucrfmc, ans guturmstcs tcb`míe

rdfcktcrne ue bcemgmdstn de da qud deubdrc`ce acs knscs de acs qud krdâce y an qud `uskc`ce.

Da krdcfnr fda guturmsbn gud da crtmstc mtcamcen Vnbbcsn Bcrmedttm, qumde rdfcktû da bcemgmdstn qud gud pu`amkcfn da06 fd gd`rdrn fd 3=8=, de da fmcrmn Ad Gmlcrn fd Xcrâs. De ía fdkâc, detrd ntrcs

`ngdtcknscs, guturmstcs pnr "ac qud ans da pdamlrnsn fc mrrdvdrdetd, mesnbemnc`nlc`ce gd`rma, da scatn y da bnvmbmdetn clrdsmvn". Ac bãqumec y da bnvmbmdetn, drce ac gudetd fd mespmrckmûe pcrc bukjcs fd sus n`rcs.

Ans guturmstcs dstc`ce c gcvnr fd ac ludrrc, tcetn qud bukjns fd sus bmdb`rns sd deamstcrne vnauetcrmcbdetd de da doírkmtn y scamdrne c knb`ctmr. Caluens burmdrne de acs `ctcaacs. Bcrmeedtm, daguefcfnr fda guturmsbn, bãs tcrfd sd fdkacrû sdlumfnr y cfbmrcfnr fda gcskmsbn, ac mfdnanlâc fd Cfnagn

Fnfnâsbn

"En qumdrn em smqumdrc sc`dr sm cetds fd bm ju`n ntrn jnb`rd", dstc grcsd ac prneuekmû Fdskcrtds, pdrn ans fcfcâstcs ac tnbcrne knbn db`adbc. Sudrâce jckdr vdr qud pcrc daans da pcscfn en tdeâc emeluec mbpnrtcekmc y qud en jc`âc qud cprdefdr fd í3, pnr da knetrcrmn, an bdonr drc fdsknenkdran y trc`cocr fd kdrn, krdcr caln gudrc fd an enrbca. Xnr dsn ans fcfcâstcs jc`ace fqCÿ.l ^d* caln tntcabdetd fmgdrdetd c an qud sd detdefâã pnr crtd.

Dafcfcâsbn surlmû de [umzc, fnefd vcrmns crtmstcs fd tnfc Durnpc dstc`ce dxâacfns, juydefn fd ac ludrrc qud dstc`c de su cpnldn. De _urmkj sd rduemdrne y fdkmfmdrne krdcr ue smtmn fnefd pufmdrce

Da bcemgmdstn guturmstc fdkâc tcb`míe "Sudrdbns

prdsdetcr su crtd, csâ sd krdû da Kc`crdt Wnatcmrd, fnefd jc`âc bÿsmkc cadbcec, kne pmeturcs grcekdscs n `cmads eûrfmkns. Vnfn uemfn pnr da bmsbn rdkjczn ca pcscfn, ue fdsfíe tntca pnr an trcfmkmneca fd kcfc pcâs y ue fdsdn fd krdcr knscs qud snrprdefmdrce.

kcetcr pdamlrn,ans jã`mtn fd ac dedrlâc da cbnr ca pnrqud da crtmstcs pdesc`ce fd ac tdbdrmfcf", qudy an qud en drc pdamlrnsn en tdeâc sdetmfn, qud jc`âc qud crrmdslcrsd smdbprd ca bãxmbn. Ads lustc`c Mc vdankmfcf y qudrâce trcesbmtmrac de sus pmeturcs. Vdbcs knbn ac vmnadekmc, ac ludrrc n an bmamtcr drce knbueds de sus n`rcs.

Ans memkmcfnrds fda bnvmbmdetn gudrne da crtmstc cadbãe Juln @caa, y da dskrmtnr rubcen Vrmstce Vzcrc. Ans fcfcâstcs rdkjczce ac `daadzc, cetmlun prmekmpmn fda crtd, tcb`míe krmtmkce acs adyds fd ac aûlmkc, pdrn prmekmpcabdetd sd `urace fí ans `urludsds, qud knbn jdbns vmstn cetds, drce ans

De amtdrcturc jmkmdrne knscs knbn kcb`mcr ans smlens fd puetuckmûe pnr smlens bctdbãtmkns n entcs busmkcads. Csâ da adktnr pnfrâc deknetrcrsd ca gmeca fd ue pãrrcgn kne uec kacvd fd sna de aulcr fda puetn. [d vdâc `mde y drc envdfnsn, pdrn drc knbpamkcfn y knegusn pcrc addr.

c ans crtmstcs pcrc qud trc`cocrce. Da bnvmbmdetn

Jmtadr.

prmekmpcads knesubmfnrds fd crtd, ans qud pclc`ce

Fcfã fdkâc cfdbãs qud drc bdonr da kcns qud da nrfde y ac mbpdrgdkkmûe qud ac pdrgdkkmûe.

XcrcVzcrcen jckâc gcatc qud ans pndbcs tuvmdrce ue sdkudekmc aûlmkc, csâ qud knestruâc sus n`rcs

c

Mr

 

Bcrtc [cefnvca bdzkacefn pcac`rcs ca czcr. Dstd ds ue dodbpan fd ,rrn fd sus pndbcs? )n

s,

c.

 n

¡d §-

an ad.

nr

C[

ac

u-

b d, d-

 an

n-

ad tc b ,tn

ac

¡rF[

¡e

rtn

da

ce C[

ggm

-??aaV$,'9"??',3"O""'

"'"'"O9e*

c acatuvmc tnfn da cen

tc trdetd nd tc da cluc fdseufc

n."u,".">'3'utamãã

"'mg

g a,a¡g gm m??t"??{'"'}m>ñm" fd sudón"

-??t"'3",

ggm ó9*

Vzcrc dskrm`mû cfdbãs ue bceuca pcrc -ckdr ue pndbc. [mlumdefn dstcs rdlacs, fdkâc, ??fn da buefn pudfd jckdr ue pndbc? "Vnbd ue ?drmûfmkn y uecs tmodrcs. Dsknoc de da pdrmûfmkn ue

[urrdnamsbn

Da cómstc grcekís Lumaacubd Cpnaamecmrd rdgadxmneû? "kucefn da jnb`rd qumsn mbmtcr ac ckkmûe fd kcbmecr krdû uec rudfc, y uec rudfc en sd pcrdkd de ecfc c uec pmdrec". Fd dsc fdfukkmûe knekauyû qud pcrc mbmtcr ac rdcamfcf en jckâc gcatc knpmcrac, qud pcrc fm`uocr uec pdantc en drc edkdscrmn jckdrac dsgírmDsc gud uec fd acs prdbmscs pcrc qud surlmdrc, '3 kc. de =08 de Grcekmc, da surrdcamsbn? ue bnvmbmdetn qud knbn tnfcs acs vcelucrfmcs qudrâc rnbpdr kne an dstc`adkmfn sme mbpnrtcr acs adyds fd aûlmkc. Xcrc ans surrdcamstcs an bãs mbpngtcetd drc ac pndsâc y acs fdbãs crtds fd`âce eckdr fd daac. Ds fdkmr qud uec dskuaturc n ue kucfrn fd`âce fd sdr de kmdrtn sdetmfn pnítmkcs. Da psmknceãamsms tcb`míe ds buy mbpnrtcetd pcrc ans surrdcamstcs, ds de dstns bmsbns cóns kucefn [mlbuef Grduf pu`amkc sus tdnrâcs sn`rd da su`kneskmdetd, y da psmknceãamsms dstã fd bnfc.

su

Ans crtmstcs pmdesce qud de da metdrmnr, de Mc pcgtd en kneskmdetd fda sdr jubcen, dstã ac dsdekmc fda crtd,

ake da bnvmbmdetn Fcfã dbpmdzce tcb`míe ans

De amtdrcturc ans surrdcamstcs mevdetce uec eudvc y knetrnvdrsmca tíkerkc? ac dskrmturc cutnbãtmkc. [d trctc`c fd fdocr qud ac bdetd gauydrc, fd dskrm`mr sme Xdescr tnfn an qud

?3Âkuan fd ac anelmtuf qud qumdrc fcrad c

?;dbc. Pdknrtd kne kumfcfn kcfc uec fd acs pcac?.cs qud gnrmece da crtâkuan y bítcacs de uec `nasc. almtdac sucvdbdetd. Cjnrc scqud kcfc rdknrtd -rn trcs ntrn. Knpmd knekmdezufcbdetd de da ?'fde de qud jcyce scamfn fd ac `nasc. Da pndbc .d pcrdkdrã c ustdf. ] ds ustdf ue dskrmtnr megmem?cbdetd nrmlmeca y fd uec sdesm`mamfcf jdkjmzcetd, c.?rSTd meknbprdefmfn fda vualn". ?;odtns crtd, acs mestcackmneds y acs metdrvdekmneds ?d n`odtns. [d trctc`c fd krdcr crtd kcsm kne kuca?Omdr knsc, rdknrfdbns da urmeca qud Fukjcbp r.r[n ₡ó uec lcadrâc csdlurcefn qud drc crtd. Da - sbn Fukjcbp "lucrfû" de uec `nac fd krmstca c rd fd Xcrâs y an aadvû c Dstcfns Temfns, fnefd sd ?xpusn knbn uec pmdzc fd crtd. An bmsbn pcsÛ ?¡e ac aacetc fd `mkmkadtc bnetcfc sn`rd ue tc`urd?d n ue menfnrn kne su gmrbc.

qud de da su`kneskmdetd da jnb`rd fdoc fd vdr ac rdcamfcf n`odtmvcbdetd, en ac rcznec y pnr an tcetn sdetmrac. Ans sudóns qud drce bctdrmc sûan prmbcpudfd fda ceãamsms fd Grduf, tcb`míe drce bctdrmca pcrc krdcr crtd. Ans crtmstcs surrdcamstcs sd `csce de bukjns fd sus sudóns pcrc jckdr sus n`rcs.

ta

sd vmemdrc c

ac

'a ,.''t g ..".

'*§.3 ,¾.

Fmskusmûe ldedrna

Dxprdsde sus npmemneds sn`rd ac rupturc qud acs vcelucrfmcs

krnpneâce. Knbdetde an smlumdetd, guefcbdetcefn sus rdspudstcs? c,Ds rdcabdetd ue pndbc ac knbpnsmkmÛe fd Vzcrc> ¾Ds crtd ac aacetc bnetcfc sn`rd da `cekn, n da menfnrn gmrbcfn pnr Fukjcbp> ¾Xudfd sdr crtd kucaqumdr n`odtn sm sd knankc de ue busdn n de uec dxpnsmkmÛe>, ¾pnr quí> Gmecabdetd, knbdetde kûbn sd gud bnfmgmkcefn da knekdptn fd crad fdsfd da Pdeckmbmdetk 'r'celucrfmcs, y kne kuãa fd daans dstãe fd ckudrfn.

?d[ ab

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc kc`dzc de ue mestcetd, en mbpnrac`c qud en tuvmdrc sdetmfn, qud rdsuatcrc meknbprdesm`ad pcrc ac aûlmkc. De crtds paãstmkcs prdfnbmec`c da cutnbctmsbn, ds fdkmr fdocr gaumr an qud da su`kneskmdetd qudrâc fdkmr' Xcrc daan da pmetnr smbpadbdetd fm`uoc`c sme pdescr, fdoc`c qud su bcen fmdrc trczns pnr da amdezn sme pdescr de quí dstc`c jckmdefn n c fûefd ad aadvcrâc' surrdcamsbn drce ans kcfãvdacs Ntrc fd tíkemkcs pdrn fda en sn`rdscatd pnr da enb`rd, sd rds dxqumsmtns, rdkudrfd qud Âcs vcelucrfmcs aukjc`ce knetrc ac aûlmkc9 ans kcfãvdrds dxqumsmtns en drce bãs qud n`rcs fd crtd dac`nrcfcs pnr bukjns crtm§tcs. An jckâce csâ? da prmbdr cfmstc fm`umc`c n dskrm`âc de uec jnoc de `acekn, audln fn`ac`cac pcrtd qud jc`âc utmamzcfn y ac pcsc`c ca smlumdetd, Da smlumdetd pmetc`c n dskrmumc ãe da dspckmû `jekq, sme âdr ` qÿd jc`âc jddjn da cetdrmnr y an pcsc`c c ntrn bãs. Csâ sd knesdluâce pndbcs y fm`uons rdcamzcfns c bukjcs bcens y sme emeluec knedxmûe.

De ac pmeturc??,surlde lrce{ds.recdstqq§ knren Onãe Bmrû n [cavcfnr, FcYâ, qud anlrcrne caluens fd an* kucfrns reãs,jdmbnsns fd ac jmstnrgc fda crtd, Xcrc krdcrans sd vcaâce fd ans sudóns, knb`mecr gmlurcs fmspcrds de uec evdetû uec tíkemkc.Íud'? `cutmmí enmkn-krâtmkn, qud knesmstâc de X uec pcrdf ¡7stc.,'qud

metcktn jcstc detnekds drc ac pdrspdktmvc, ecfmd jc`âc metdetcfn rnbpdrac. Ans ku`mstcs an jmkmdrne.

Xmetcrne ue bmsbn n`odtn fdsfd tnfns sus ãeluans ca bmsbn tmdbpn, ds fdkmr ue rnstrn pnfâc dstcr fd pdrgma y fd {rdetd de ac bmsbc n`rc. Ac prnguefmfcf sd ckc`c y sd pudfd rdtrctcr ca gnefn y ca n`odtn de da bmsbn pacen. Xcrc jckdran ans ku`mstcs sd vcade fd acs gmlurcs ldnbítrmkcs9 tnfns sus kucfrns dstãe crbcãns c `csd fd trmãeluans, ku`ns, kucfrcfns n kârkuans. Gud prdkmscbdetd pnr dstn qud ad aacbcrne ku`msbn. Datírbmen an cfnptÛ da krâtmkn fd crtd grcekís Anums Wcuxkdaads qud kucefn vmn ans sucfrns fd ans crtmstcs fmon kne fdsfíe "dsn dstã jdkjn?snan kne ku`mtns". C ans ku`mstcs dsc mbclde qud metdetc`c sdr fdspktmvc en ads bnadstí y pnr da knetrcrmn fdkmfmdrne `cummzcr c su bnvmbmdetn kne dsd enb`rd. Kcb`mcrne ac gnrbc fd jckdr crtd, pdrn en ans tdrecs' c pmetcr, csâ qud de da ku`msren sd s§ude fm`uocefn,,, `nfdlneds, pcmscod-s y rdtrctnc,fdgnrbcfns y de'fms¡ tmetns pacens c ac vdz.

,Ía

m

smaudtcs n snb`rcs, qud

kmed, crtmstcs knern gvace Pcy n Aums @uóuda, @a&Cempc.. Gdr,n en... dede'

r pdaÂkuatb qudr

fnefd

*cãtm¡,#m9- mt#m

kmetc b

tmdbpn, em

¡,

Y¡y.o[l3v,cTnr'ñcaa mñetns,' Dc

.írggm fdsknedktcfcs, en jcy

Caluens

mbpnrtcetd§

gudrne Onc6o?r Bãeaamm Bclrmttd, Fcaâ, Aums @uóuda,

De ]nutu`d

ue

ac pdaâkuac

D[,

cefcauz".

Da ku`msbn

Gud ac prmbdrc fd acs lucrfmcs y ac qud rnb§ fdgmemtmvcbdetd kne tnfn

qud jcstc dsd bnbdetn sd'3,

detdefâc pnr cgmd. Da ÿatmbn dad-

bdetn fd crtd trcfmkmneca qud qudfc`c

,33

pnr

? ,tj

[ BC[ es,§.,gaadekanecr

ud dvnkce c 'j@kjc fd gnrbcs ,?X sû ac bcynr pcrtd M ,Xcrâs, fnefd sd uemÛ .ñm.f.c',,t c ans ='3 Burmû knbuemstc. ca"pcrtmfn ''cóns fd dfcf. r?,?

,c¡A§§O

?

M

 

rd

e. U ft

)r-

ad

da

md me

n

)e e-

'ac

)e

₡r

Xrnydktns fd dvcauckmûe

ad ans smlumdetds prnydktns damoce fns y rdcaâkdeans de lrupns?

M.

Ten dxpnsmkmûe sn`rd nrtd bnyn

2ac`nrde rdprnfukkmneds fd dekudetrce acs n`rcs fddecrtd qudn bãs ads metdrdsde an bdensantrds). pcrdkmbãsFm`uode acs dstdacs. Vrctde(pnr fd jckdrans burcads ans bcyc fmsdóns qud sd ? pmetde ans ?n pnsm`ad ca nrmlmeca y dskrm`ce c quí pdrmnfn knrrdspnefde. aekauyce ue bcpc kne ac ankcamzckmûe fd Qadsncbírmkc.

0.

Te fân de da Pdenkmbmdetn

Dxpamqude c sus knbpcódrns kûbn drc ac vmfc furcetd da Pdeckmbmdetn. Suí jckâce acs pdrsnecs, quí 'eÿsmkc dskukjc`ce, kûbn drce acs kcscs, ans trcods y ac knbmfc. Frcbctmkde uec pdqudóc dskdec fd c vmfc kntmfmcec, jãlcean de ac gnrbc bãs rdcamstc pnsm`ad. Xnr dodbpan? uec fcbc qud supdrvmsc ac prdkcrckmûe fd ac kdec (rdkudrfde qud acs dstugcs drce fd adóc y en dxmstâce bukjns fd ans prnfuktns qud knesubmbns cjnrc). Te pmetnr qud jckd ue rdtrctn, pdrn da bnfdan n ac bnfdan euekc dstã knegnrbd kne da rdsuatcfn. Tens smdrvns qud dbmlrce fda kcbpn c ac kmufcf, n ue vmcodrn qud rdlrdsc fdspuís fd ,anenkdr Cbírmkc (dstã ue pnkn bcrdcfn pnrqud pcsû bãs fd ue bds de da `crkn). Pdkudrfde mbmtcr da ec`ac fd cqudaac ípnkc.

;. Bÿsmkn `nrrnkn

Xrdsdetde de kacsd knbpnsmkmneds fd bÿsmkc `crrnkc. Dxpamqude quí mestrubdetns utmamzc`ce y quí mbpnrtcekmc tuvn ac bÿsmkc de dsc ípnkc.

6. Frnbntmznkmûe sn`rd da ednkansmkmsbn y da rnbnetmkmsbn

[d edkdsmtce kmekn cktnrds. Da crlubdetn `csd ds da smlumdetd? Tec sdónrc aacbcfc Jmstnrmc tmded fns jmons? ue onvde aacbcfn ednkaãsmkn (buy rckmneca y bdsurcfn) y ue cfnadskdetd fd enb`rd rnbcetmkmsbn (buy rd`dafd). Kcfc uen fd ans jmons cktucrã smlumdefn acs kcrcktdrâstmkcs fd dsns bnvmbmdetns crtâstmkns, an kuca fdsfd audln krdcrã knegamktns yc qud en sd aadvcrãe buy `mde. ¾Suí jcrã fnóc Jmstnrmc> Pdprdsdetde uec dskdec gcbmamcr. Fd prnetn aadlce fd vmsmtc ac prmbc mbprdsmnemstc? uec `cmacrmec fd `caadt qud snan vmstd de knanrds pcstda, y prmbn dxprdsmnemsbn qud ds ue pnkn knegamktmvn, tmdefd c sdr dxcldrcfn ca fdbnstrcr sus sdetmbmdetns da y c vdkds jcstc aadlc c ans lrmtns. Fnóc Jmstnrmc dstã qud sd vudavd ankc. aevdetde da lumûe detrd tnfns, dskrâ`cean y descyde an sugmkmdetd. Kucefn dstíe amstns prdsdetde ac n`rc c sus knbpcódrns fd kacsd.

nc

anr

rãs ecr

ec 'rcs

rrtd

emû =3

7.

Ten dxpnsmkmûe vnelunrfmstn, na dstman Fukjnbp

[dadkkmnede n`odtns fd ac vmfc kntmfmcec y `ÿsqudeads acs pnsm`mamfcfds crtâstmkcs. [m, knbn fdkâc Fukjcbp, qud ue n`odtn sdc crtd fdpdefd fda knetdxtn, pudfde dadlmr an qud pcrc ustdfds tdelc vcanr dstítmkn, pnr dodbpan uec buódkc vmdoc, ue n`odtn dxtrcón y jcstc uec prdefc fd vdstmr. Xudfde fcrad ac metdekmnecamfcf crtâstmkc kne ue `ude tâtuan9 pnr dodbpan ac buódkc vmdoc pnfrÂc aacbcrsd "sn`rdvmvmdetd fd ac megcekmc". ] qud da dspdktcfnr metdrprdtd da bdescod. En fd`de dsknldr da prmbdr n`odtn qud dekudetrde, tmdede qud `uskcr ans qud pudfde smlemgmkcr caln, dspdkmcabdetd de rdackmûe ca tâtuan qud ads csmlede.

 

Dxprdsmûe crtâstmkc