Exposición Fundamentos de Administración

 

J\MFCKLMVNW FL CFKEMEWVRCGE×M FLE_NM I\@N GILZLW

 

VCBIC FL GNMVLMEFNW 3. INW XREG XREGEX EXCIL CILW W J\MFCKL J\MFCKLMVN MVNW W FL ICW CFKE CFKEMEWV MEWVRCGE× RCGE×M M. -Ins 6 Xremgepcils Jumfcklmtns fl ic Cfkemestrcge÷m.

2. IC CFKE CFKEMEWV MEWVRCGE RCGE×M ×M GNKN GNKN GELMGE GELMGEC, C, VÅGME VÅGMEGC GC N CR CRVL VL  - Emtrnfugge÷m - Cmtlglflmtls Dest÷regns Fljemegenmls pnr festemtns Cutnrls - Fljemege÷m fl Cfkemestrcge÷m - Ekpnrtcmgec fl ic Cfkemestrcge÷m Cfkemestrcge÷m

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Gcrcgtlrëstegcs fl ic Cfkmestrcge÷m - Ic Cfkemestrcge÷m… ¾gelmgec, tågmegc n crtl>

7. XRN XRNBIL BILKC KCW W LM ICW ICW LKXR LKXRLW LWCW CW U WNI\ WNI\GEN GENMLW MLW  - @lste÷m Kcmuci fl Rlgebns

 

INW XREMGEXCILW J\MFCKLMVNW FL IC CFKEMEWVRCGE×M •

 

Li kumfn cgtuci sl lmgulmtrc lmgulmt rc lm gnmstcmtl lvniuge÷m y cvcmgls c mevli lkprlscreci. Dny lm fëc, ins jumfcklmtns fl cfkemestrcge÷m in keskn qul dcglyci`umns y ls pnr lstn qul,mnseekpiegcm tu lmjnqul ls lkprlscreci quelrlscóns, fere`er umc `rcm nr`cmezcge÷m, flbls gnkprlmflr ins flscjëns qul trcl gnmse`n ic cfkemestrcge÷m fl lkprlscs. Ic tnkc fl flgesenmls lm li tlrrlmn icbnrci ls umc guciefcf ekprlsgemfebill ci knklmtn fl lmjrlmtcr ic ferlgge÷m y ekprlsgemfebi cfkemestrcge÷m fl um lquepn n lkprlsc1 csekeskn, jnrtcilglr ics dcbeiefcfls fl fltlgge÷m, cmãieses y rlsniuge÷m ljlgtevc fl  prnbilkcs ls mlglscren lm li gckemn fl nbtlmlr umns bulmns jumfcklmtns fl cfkemestrcge÷m.

CFKEMEWVRCGENM JEMCMGELRC

 

XREGEXCILW J\MFCKLMVNW FL CFKEMEWVRCGE×M   INW 6 XREGEXCILW ◎Ic cfkemestrcge÷m sl fljeml gnkn umc cgtevefcf qul sl gnkpnml fl ltcpcs qul jnrkcm um prnglsn ÿmegn y lstrugturcfn. Ins 6 premgepcils jumfcklmtns fl cfkemestrcge÷m  snm ins se`uelmtls?   Xicmejegcr? Lstl ls um prnglsn rcgenmci guyn nboltevn ls cigcmzcr ins nboltevns fli knfn kãs ljegelmtl. Nr`cmezcr? Lm lstl prnglsn sl festrebuylm y nr`cmezcm ics rlspnmscbeiefcfls lmtrl ins kelkbrns fli lquepn fl trcbcon gnm li jem fl lstcbilglr y rlgnmnglr ics rlicgenmls y vëmguins mlglscrens. Lolgutcr? Wl `crcmtezc qul ins kelkbrns fli lquepn rlcieglm sus tcrlcs gnm gnkprnkesn y  prncgtevefcf.

Gnmtrnicr? Wl rlciezc um gnmtrni fl ics cgtevefcfls pcrc qul sl coustlm c in picmejegcfn emegeciklmtl.

 

IC CFKMEWVRCGE×M CFKMEWVRC GE×MNGNKN GELMGEC, GELMGEC , VÅGMEGC CRVL CRVL Ic Cfkemestrcge÷m ls umc Gelmgec qul lstufec l emtlrcgtÿc gnm li lkpnren `inbci, ls umc tågmegc qul sl lkpilc fëc c fëc y ls um crtl pnr ic dcbeiefcf y li `ustn qul il fcs1 pnr lmfl, ls \mevlrsci.

 

EMVRNF\GGE×M •

Xcrc pnflr lmtlmflr ic cfkemestrcge÷m sl flbl gnmnglr ic plrsplgtevc fl ic destnrec fl su fesgepiemc, ins dlgdns cglrgc fl in qul dc pcscfn lm setucgenmls sekeicrls cmtlrenrls, y rlicgenmcricsflgnm ntrcsiclxplrelmgecs y ntrns gnmngekelmtns Ic cgtucils. Ls pnr cpcrlgl lsn ic ekpnrtcmgec gnmnglr destnrec y nre`lm fl ic cfkemestrcge÷m. cfkemestrcge÷m flsfl qul li dnkbrl gnkelmzc c trcbcocr lm sngelfcf. Li sur`ekelmtn fl ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls um cgnmtlgekelmtn fl preklrc ekpnrtcmgec lm ic destnrec sngeci lm pngns gcsns, se ins dcy, umc emstetuge÷m bãsegcklmtl mulvc, n ci`ÿm mulvn `rupn fere`lmtl, dcm sur`efn tcm rãpefn gnkn ic cfkemestrcge÷m flsfl um premgepens fli se`in. Xngcs vlgls lm ic destnrec fl ic dukcmefcf umc emstetuge÷m sl dc kcmejlstcfn emfesplmscbil gnm tcmtc rcpeflz. Ic cfkemestrcge÷m qul ls li ÷r`cmn lsplgëjegn lmgcr`cfn fl dcglr qul ins rlgursns slcm  prnfugtevns, lstn lst n ls, gnm ic rlspnmscbeiefcf fl nr`cmezcr li flscrrniin f lscrrniin lgnm÷kegn, lgnm÷ke gn, rljiloc li lspëretu lslmgeci fl ic lrc knflrmc. Ls lm rlciefcf emfesplmscbil y lstn lxpiegc pnr quå, umc vlz grlcfc, grlge÷ gnm tcmtc rcpeflz.

 

FLJEMEGE×M XNR FEWVEMVNW C\VNRLW? •

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Z. Giusdanv? "Ls um fespnsetevn qul nr`cmezc y rlciezc ic trcsjnrkcge÷m nrflmcfc fl ic emjnrkcge÷m, rlgebl ic emjnrkcge÷m fli nboltn fl ferlgge÷m, ic prnglsc y ic trcmsketl bcon ic jnrkc mlglscrec pcrc ic `lste÷m, rlciezcmfn lstl prnglsn gnmtemucklmtl". @uzkãm Zcifevec E? "Ls ic ferlgge÷m ljegcz fl ics cgtevefcfls y ic gnicbnrcge÷m fl ntrcs plrsnmcs  pcrc nbtlmlr fltlrkemcfns fltlrkemcf ns rlsuitcfns". L. J. I. Brlgd? "Ls um prnglsn sngeci qul iilvc gnmse`n ic rlspnmscbeiefcf fl picmlcr y rl`uicr lm jnrkc ljegelmtl ics nplrcgenmls fl umc lkprlsc, pcrc in`rcr um prnp÷setn fcfn". O. F. Knnmly? "Ls li crtl n tågmegc fl fere`er l emspercr c ins flkãs, gnm bcsl lm um prnjumfn y gicrn gnmngekelmtn fl ic mcturcilzc dukcmc". U gnmtrcpnml lstc fljemege÷m gnm ic qul fc snbrl ic nr`cmezcge÷m gnkn? "ic tågmegc fl rlicgenmcr ins flblrls n jumgenmls lsplgëjegcs lm um tnfn gnnrfemcfn". Xltlrsnm cmf Xinwkcm? "\mc tågmegc pnr klfen fl ic guci sl fltlrkemcm, gicrejegcm y rlciezcm ins  prnp÷setns y nboltevns nbo ltevns fl um `rupn dukcmn pcrteguicr". pcr teguicr". Annmtz cmf N'Fnmmlii? gnmseflrcm ic Cfkemestrcge÷m gnkn? "ic ferlgge÷m fl um nr`cmeskn sngeci, y su ljlgtevefcf lm cigcmzcr sus nboltevns, jumfcfc lm ic dcbeiefcf fl gnmfuger c sus emtl`rcmtls". @. X. Vlrry? "Gnmsestl lm in`rcr um nboltevn prlfltlrkemcfn, klfecmtl li lsjulrzn colmn".

 

FLJEMEGE×M XNR FEWVEMVNW C\VNRLW? •

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J. Vcmmlmbcuk? "Li lkpiln fl ic cutnrefcf pcrc nr`cmezcr, fere`er, y gnmtrnicrc c subnrfemcfns rlspnmscbils (y gnmse`uelmtlklmtl, c ins `rupns qul liins gnkcmfcm), gnm li jem fl qul tnfns ins slrvegens qul sl prlstcm slcm flbefcklmtl gnnrfemcfns lm li in`rn fl¡ jem fl ic lkprlsc". Dlmry Jcyni (gnmseflrcfn pnr kugdns gnkn li vlrfcflrn pcfrl fl ic knflrmc Cfkemestrcge÷m), fegl qul "cfkemestrcr ls prlvlr, nr`cmezcr, kcmfcr, gnnrfemcr y gnmtrnicr". J. Knrstlem Kcrx ic gnmgebl gnkn ? "Vnfc cgge÷m lmgckemcfc c gnmvlrter um prnp÷setn lm rlciefcf  pnsetevc"…"ls um nrflmckelmtn nrfl mckelmtn sestlkåtegn sestlkåt egn fl klfens y li usn gciguicfn gcigu icfn fl rlgursns cpiegcfns cpiegcf ns c ic rlciezcge÷m fl um prnp÷setn". J.K. Jlrmãmflz Lsgcicmtl? "Ls li gnmoumtn fl premgepens y tågmegcs, gnm cutnmnkëc prnpec, qul  plrketl fere`er y gnnrfemcr ic cgtevefcf cgtevef cf fl `rupns dukcmns dcgec nboltevns nbo ltevns gnkumls". C. Rlyls "Ls um gnmoumtnumflnr`cmeskn sestlkãtegn fl rl`ics pcrc in`rcr ic kãxekc ljegelmgec lm ics jnrkcs flXnmgl? lstrugturcr y kcmlocr sngeci".

 

FLJEMEGENM FL CFKEMEWVRCGE×M Gcfc umc fl ics cmtlrenrls fljemegenmls, se ics cmciezckns gnm fltciil, mns iilvcrã c plmltrcr lm ic vlrfcflrc mcturcilzc fl ic cfkemestrcge÷m y c sus prnpelfcfls festemtevcs. Gnkn tcils, ics fljemegenmls snm vciefcs pcrc tnfc gicsl fl cfkemestrcge÷m (Xrevcfc, Xubiegc, Kextc, ltg.), y pcrc tnfc lsplgel fl nr`cmeskn (emfustrecils, gnklrgecils n fl slrvegens). Ic Cfkemestrcge÷m mn ls kãs qul li prnglsn fl picrlgursns fespnmebils mejegcge÷m, nr`cmezcge÷m, ferlgge÷m y gnmtrni fli trcbcon fl ins kelkbrns fl ic nr`cmezcge÷m y fl uscr ins fl ic nr`cmezcge÷m  pcrc cigcmzcr ics kltcs lstcbilgefcs. lstgnkn cbilgefcs. Lstc fljemege÷m fljemegeins ÷m bãsegc flblrëc ckpie ckpiecrsl. crsl. ics jumgenmls cfkemestrctevcs fl?  - Gucmfn sl flslkplócm cfkemestrcfnrls, emfevefuns flblm lolrglr  prlvese÷m, picmlcge÷m, nr`cmezcge÷m, nr`cmez cge÷m, emtl`rcge÷m, ferlgge÷m ferl gge÷m y gnmtrni. - Ic cfkemestrcge÷m sl cpiegc c tnfn tepn fl nr`cmezcgenmls. - Wl cpiegc c cfkemestrcfnrls fl tnfns ins mevlils nr`cmezcgenmcils. - Ic emtlmge÷m fl tnfns ins cfkemestrcfnrls ls ic keskc? `lmlrcr um suplrãvet. - Ic cfkemestrcge÷m plrse`ul ic prnfugtevefcf, in qul ekpiegc ic ljegcgec y ic ljegelmgec. Vnfns cfkemestrcm nr`cmezcgenmls, c ics qul fljemerlkns gnkn um `rupn fl plrsnmcs qul trcbcocm lm gnkÿm  pcrc `lmlrcr um suplrãvet. Lm ics nr`cmezcgenmls nr`cmez cgenmls gnklrgecils, lstl suplrãvet s uplrãvet snm ics uteiefcfls. ute iefcfls. Lm ics nr`cmezcgenmls mn iugrctevcs, tcils gnkn ics jeicmtr÷pegcs, li suplrãvet pulfl lstcr rlprlslmtcfn pnr ic sctesjcgge÷m fl mlglsefcfls.

 

EKXNRVCMGEC FL IC CFKEMEWVRCGE×M  Mn slrëc sujegelmtl sujegelmt l gnm flger qul sem umc bulmc cfkemestrcge÷m cfke mestrcge÷m mem`umc mem`u mc nr`cmezcge÷m tlmfrã åxetn1 pnr in guci klmgenmcrlkns ci`umns dlgdns pcrc klmgenmcr su ekpnrtcmgec? • Ic cfkemestrcge÷m mn snicklmtl mcge÷ gnm ic dukcmefcf semn qul sl lxtelmfl c ic vlz c tnfns ins ãkbetns `ln`rãjegns y pnr su gcrãgtlr \mevlrsci, lmgnmtrckns prlslmtl lm tnfcs um pcrtls. ls qul lm li fl ãkbetn fli in lsjulrzn dukcmn lxestl selkprl icfn Ucfkemestrctevn tnfn lsjulrzn picmlcfn. • Fnmfl lxestc um nr`cmeskn sngeci ciië lstcrã prlslmtl ic cfkemestrcge÷m. •  Mn servl fl kugdn qul lm umc lkprlsc lkprls c lxestcm bulmcs emstcicgenmls, emst cicgenmls, li klonr lquepn, ic klonr ubegcge÷m, se in tnfn in cmtlrenr mn vc cgnkpcócfn fli lilklmtn dukcmn mlglscren pcrc fere`er ics cgtevefcfls, n slc qul ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls ekpnrtcmtl pcrc cigcmzcr nboltevns fl ic nr`cmezcge÷m. • Lm ics `rcmfls lkprlscs ic cfkemestrcge÷m gelmtëjegc n tågmegc ls lslmgeci yc qul mn pnfrëcm lxester sem umc bulmc cfkemestrcge÷m.

   

EKXNRVCMGEC FL IC CFKEMEWVRCGE×M •

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Ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls um prnglsn umevlrsci yc qul mn snin sl fc lm ins  pcësls gcpetciestcs, gcpetcie stcs, semn qul tckbeåm lm l m ins pcësls sngeciestcs sngecie stcs n fl guciquelr tepn qul slcm, ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls ekpnrtcmtl tcmtn lm ics  plqulócs gnkn li ics `rcmfls `rcmf ls lkprlscs. Ntrn dlgdn ekpnrtcmtl ls qul pnr klfen fl ic cfkemestrcge÷m sl pulfl lilvcr ic prnfugtevefcf y ins mevlils fl vefc lm ins pcësls lm vëcs fl flscrrniin. Ic cfkemestrcge÷m ekpcrtl ljlgtevefcf c ins lsjulrzns dukcmns. Cyufc c nbtlmlr klonr plrsnmci, lquepn, kctlrecils, femlrn y rlicgenmls dukcmcs. Wl kcmtelml ci jrlmtl fl ics gnmfegenmls gckbecmtls y prnpnrgenmc  prlvese÷m y grlctevefcf. grlcte vefcf. Lfesnm feon... "Fns plrsnmcs umefcs lm umc tcrlc gnkÿm dcm fl dcglr kugdn kãs qul fupiegcr ics lmlr`ëcs." Gnmgiuerlkns fegelmfn qul ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls ekpnrtcmtl pnr qul sl cpiegc lm guciquelr tepn fl nr`cmezcge÷m gnm flslns fl cuklmtcr su prnfugtevefcf y li åxetn, flplmfelmfn pcrc lstn fli lilklmtn dukcmn y kctlreci.

 

GCRCGVLRËWVEGCW FL IC CFKEMEWVRCGE×M Flmtrn fl ics gcrcgtlrëstegcs fl ic cfkemestrcge÷m tlmlkns ics se`uelmtls? • \mevlrsciefcf? Ic cfkemestrcge÷m sl fc fnmfl quelrc qul lxestl um nr`cmeskn sngeci (lstcfn, • loårgetn, lkprlscs, e`ilsecs, jckeiec, ltg.), pnrqul lm åi telml selkprl qul lxester gnnrfemcge÷m •  sestlkãtegc fl klfens. • Lsplgejegefcf? Ic cfkemestrcge÷m telml sus prnpecs gcrcgtlrëstegcs ics gucils snm emgnmjumfebils gnm ntrcs gelmgecs, cumqul vc cgnkpcócfc gnkpiltcklmtl festemtcs.selkprl fl liics (jumgenmls lgnm÷kegcs, gnmtcbils, prnfugtevcs, klgãmegcs, ourëfegcs, ltg.), snm • \mefcf Vlkpnrci? Cumqul sl festem`cm ltcpcs, jcsls y lilklmtns fli prnglsn cfkemestrctevn, åstl ls ÿmegn y, pnr in keskn, lm tnfn knklmtn fl ic vefc fl umc lkprlsc sl lstãm fcmfn, lm kcynr n klmnr `rcfn, tnfns n ic kcynr pcrtl fl ins lilklmtns cfkemestrctevns. • \mefcf Olrãrquegc? Vnfns gucmtns telmlm gcrãgtlr fl oljls lm um nr`cmeskn sngeci, pcrtegepcm lm festemtns `rcfns y knfciefcfls, fl ic keskc cfkemestrcge÷m. Csë, lm umc lkprlsc jnrkcm um snin gulrpn cfkemestrctevn, flsfl li `lrlmtl `lmlrci, dcstc li ÿitekn kcynrfnkn". Rlspltãmfnsl selkprl ins mevlils fl cutnrefcf qul lstãm lstcbilgefns flmtrn fl ic nr`cmezcge÷m. • Zcinr Emstruklmtci? Ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls um emstruklmtn pcrc iil`cr c um jem, yc qul su jemciefcf ls lkemlmtlklmtl  prãgtegc y klfecmtl åstc åst c sl busgc nbtlmlr rlsuitcfns rlsuit cfns fltlrkemcfns prlvecklmtl prlv ecklmtl lstcbilgefns. lstcbilgefn s. • Jilxebeiefcf? Ic cfkemestrcge÷m sl cfcptc c ics mlglsefcfls pcrteguicrls fl gcfc nr`cmezcge÷m. • Ckpietuf fl Lolrgegen? Lstc sl cpiegc lm tnfns ins mevlils olrãrquegns fl umc nr`cmezcge÷m .

 

Ic Cfkemestrcge÷m... ¾ Gelmgec Gelmgec,, Vågmegc n  n Crtl Crtl>> n ¾Xrnjlse÷m>‛ Grllkns iul`n fl umc ilgturc snbrl li tlkc lm gucmtn c ic fufc snbrl se ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls? gelmgec, crtl n tlgmnin`ëc nblflgl c umc emsujegelmgec lm su `rcfn fl gctl`nrezcge÷m lpestlkni÷`egc, fcfn qul dcy um flsgnmngekelmtn fl gckpn g ckpn lm li qul sl lmgulmtrc ic cfkemestrcge÷m. Xcsckns c lsgreber ics gcrcgtlrëstegcs y lilklmtns qul gnmjnrkcm umc gelmgec, umc tågmegc y um crtl, sl`ÿm Zciicfcrls Revlrc, li guci telml umc pnsturc pnst urc lm qul ic cfkemestrcge÷m ls crtl y iul`n getcrlkns c Aieasblr` qul telml um plmsckelmtn gelmtejegestc y mn grll lm qul ic cfkemestrcge÷m slc um crtl.

GELMGEC Fljemege÷m? Gnmoumtn fl gnmngekelmtns nrflmcfns y sestlkctezcfns, fl vcieflz umevlrsci, jumfcklmtcfns lm umc tlnrëc rljlrlmtl c vlrfcfls `lmlrcils. Nboltn? Gnmngekelmtn fli kumfn bÿsqulfc fl ic vlrfcf. Kåtnfn? Emvlste`cge÷m. Nbslrvcge÷m. Lxplreklmtcge÷m. Lmgulstc. Jumfcklmtn? Ilyls `lmlrcils. Xremgepens.

 

Ic Cfkemestrcge÷m... ¾ Gelmgec Gelmgec,, Vågmegc n  n Crtl Crtl>> n ¾Xrnjlse÷m>‛

VÅGMEGC

Fljemege÷m? Gnmoumtn fl emstruklmtns, rl`ics, prnglfekelmtns y gnmngekelmtns, guyn nboltn ls ic cpiegcge÷m uteietcrec. Nboltn? Cpiegcge÷m n uteiefcf prãgtegc Kåtnfn? Emstruklmtns. Xrnglfekelmtns Gnmngekelmtns gelmtëjegns. Jumfcklmtn? Xremgepen y rl`ics fl cpiegcge÷m prãgtegc.

CRVL Fljemege÷m? Xrãgtegc fl ic Cfkemestrcge÷m fl ics nr`cmezcgenmls gnmsestl lm ic cpiegcge÷m crtëstegc fl premgepens gelmtëjegns pcrc ic sniuge÷m fl prnbilkcs, pcrc ic nptekezcge÷m fl ins rlgursns y pcrc in`rcr ins nboltevns prl-lstcbilgefns. prl-lstcbilgefns .

 

3. IC @LWVE×M KCM\CI FL RLGEBNW Lm ics lkprlscs sl dcglm gnkprcs y plfefns, in qul `lmlrc umc `rcm gcmtefcf fl jcgturcs. Lm li gcsn fl Lspcóc, Dcgelmfc nbie`c c `ucrfcr ics jcgturcs gnm prnp÷setns gnmtcbils. Kugdcs lkprlscs mn fespnmlm fl umc sniuge÷m fe`etci pcrc `lstenmcr ics jcgturcs, pc`crics l emtl`rcrics gnm sestlkcs fl `lste÷m jemcmgelrc gnkn um LRX. LRX.  C vlgls, li mn fespnmlr fl um snjtwcrl pulfl dcglr qul ins lquepns fl gnmtcbeiefcf n cfkemestrcge÷m `cstlm gelmtns fl dnrcs emtrnfugelmfn emjnrkcge÷m lm sus sestlkcs, se`uelmfn ics jcgturcs cirlflfnr fl tnfn su gegin fl cprnbcge÷m, cikcglmãmfnics n dcgelmfn bcicmgl fl quå jcitc pnr pc`cr. WNI\GE×M? Xcrc cutnkctezcr y fe`etciezcr tus jcgturcs mlglsetcs um snjtwcrl qul slc gcpcz fl? Fe`etciezcr ins tegalts fl `cstns dcgelmfn umc sekpil jntn`rcjëc Lxtrclr fl jnrkc cutnkãtegc ic emjnrkcge÷m  fl gcfc tegalt Wlr gcpcz fl sl`uer um prnglsn prlfltlrkemcfn fl cprnbcge÷m fl um tegalt n jcgturc fnmfl lstc ls lmvecfc c ins rlspnmscbils fl cprnbcr, vciefcr y crgdevcr li `cstn Gnmje`urcr mntejegcgenmls, cilrtcs l emgiusn pnflr grlcr um pcmli fl gnmtrni pcrc tlmlr vesebeiefcf fli Lstcfn `lmlrci l emfevefuci fl tus fejlrlmtls fnguklmtns.

 

 2. FEJEG\IVCR LI CGGLWN C IC EMJNRKCGE×M

Ics lkprlscs cikcglmcm lm su fëc c fëc kugdc gcmtefcf fl emjnrkcge÷m lm fejlrlmtls snpnrtls? fnguklmtcge÷m fl prnylgtns, prnpulstcs gnklrgecils, cibcrcmls, rlgebns fl gnkprcs, ltgåtlrc. \mns pulflm tlmlr um usn fnguklmtci y mlglsetcrãm slr gnmsuitcfns pcrc li bulm flscrrniin fl ics jumgenmls fl ic lkprlsc. Ntrns sekpilklmtl mlglsetcm slr gnmslrvcfns fl jnrkc sl`urc . Ic jcitc fl fl lmgnmtrcr um sestlkc flrlilvcmtl `lste÷m fnguklmtci pulfl qul ins lquepns tlm`cm ic dnrc ic cflgucfn emjnrkcge÷m pcrc iilvcr c gcbn dcglr sus prnylgtns (n emgiusn scblrprnbilkcs qul lstc c emjnrkcge÷m lxestl). Vckbeåm, ic jcitc fl um sestlkc sest lkc pcrc nr`cmezcr y cikcglmcr ic emjnrkcge÷m fl jnrkc cflgucfc picmtlc prnbilkcs fl sl`urefcf. C jcitc fl pniëtegcs gicrcs, g icrcs, ic emjnrkcge÷m sl cikcglmcrã fl jnrkc j nrkc emjnrkci y sl lmvecrã lm kugdns gcsns pnr lkcei c gnicbnrcfnrls lxtlrmns n emtlrmns, gnm ins rels`ns qul liin gnmiilvc. WNI\GE×M? C ic dnrc fl cprnvlgdcr y `lstenmcr ic `rcm gcmtefcf fl emjnrkcge÷m y grlgelmtl vniuklm fl fnguklmtns, umc lkprlsc mlglsetcrã gnmtcr gnm um snjtwcrl qul ils csl`url lstcs jumgenmciefcfls? • \m sestlkc gcpcz fl emflxcr y ingciezcr  ic  ic emjnrkcge÷m mlglscrec c ins lquepns qul ic mlglsetlm • \m gnmtrni fl vlrsenmls pcrc `crcmtezcr ic trczcbeiefcf fnguklmtci.

 

FEJEG\IV VCR LI CGG CGGLWN LWN C IC   2. FEJEG\I EMJNRKCGE×M

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\m gnmtrni fl cgglsns gnm fltlrkemcfns rnils gcfc umn gnm umcs mlglsefcfls y um pnflr fl cgglsn y lfege÷m fltlrkemcfns Ic pnsebeiefcf fl gnkpcrter emjnrkcge÷m fl jnrkc sl`urc gnm gnicbnrcfnrls lxtlrmns l emtlrmns Ic pnsebeiefcf fl prlsgemfer tntciklmtl fli pcpli y pntlmgecr sniugenmls fe`etcils qul plrketcm cdnrrn

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fl lspcgen fl cikcglmcol Wniugenmls fl gnicbnrcge÷m fnguklmtci lmtrl lquepns Cgglsn sl`urn flsfl fltlrkemcfns cpcrctns n EXs

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7. JCIVC FL WNI\GE×M FL JERKC FE@EVCI Ics sniugenmls fl jerkc fe`etci snm rlictevcklmtl mulvcs lm li pcmnrckc lkprlscreci, plrn sl dcm gnmvlrtefn lm ci`n jumfcklmtci lm ins prnglsns lkprlscrecils. Ic jcitc fl umc sniuge÷m fl jerkc fe`etci ekpiegc qul ic jerkc ngurrerã n belm lm pcpli n belm klfecmtl umc jerkc fe`etciezcfc (gnpecfc y pl`cfc gnkn ekc`lm lm um fnguklmtn), gnm ins prnbilkcs fl sl`urefcf qul liin gnmiilvc. \mc jerkc mn fe`etci mn telml vcieflz ourëfegc y slrã fejëgei flknstrcr ic cutnrëc fli jerkcmtl se julrc mlglscren. We ic jerkc suglfl lm pcpli, ic brlgdc fl sl`urefcf pulfl slr cÿm kcynr puls dcbrã lm ic njegemc kugdns fnguklmtns gnmjeflmgecils lm prnglsn fl jerkc, lm lsgretnrens n crgdevcfnrls ci cigcmgl fl guciquelrc. Gnmtcr gnm um sestlkc fl jerkc fe`etci, plrn mn emtl`rcfn gnm ins prnglsns fl ic lkprlsc sniugenmcrã ci`umn fl ins prnbilkcs, plrn mn slrã umc sniuge÷m `inbci pcrc cdnrrcr telkpn y fe`etciezcr fl jnrkc gnkpiltc li prnglsn. prnglsn .

 

7. JCIVC FL WNI\GE×M FL JERKC FE@EVCI WNI\GE×M? umc lkprlsc mlglsetcrã fl um sestlkc fl jerkc fe`etci qul rlÿmc ics se`uelmtls gcrcgtlrëstegcs? • Jerkc fe`etci fespnmebil pcrc gnicbnrcfnrls lxtlrmns l emtlrmns qul ils plrketc

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cgcbcr gnm ic jerkc lm pcpli n jerkc fe`etciezcfc, li pcpli lm ic njegemc n gnm sestlkcs fl jerkc lm pictcjnrkcs lxtlrmcs mn emtl`rcfcs gnm ics dlrrckelmtcs y fnguklmtns fl ic lkprlsc Emtl`rcfc gnm sus prnglsns fe`etcils y dlrrckelmtcs Gnm um sestlkc fl mntejegcgenmls y rlgnrfctnrens pcrc csl`urcr li cvcmgl fl ins

• • • •

prnglsn fl jerkcfl vesuciezcge÷m n pcmli fl gnmtrni Gnm um sestlkc  Cprnbcfc y dnknin`cfc pnr ic c`lmgec trebutcrec Emtl`rcfc gnm ics premgepcils dlrrckelmtcs lkprlscrecils Emtl`rcfc gnm k÷vei y tcbilt  pcrc pnflr jerkcr flsfl guciquelr cpcrctn y iu`cr 

 

  6. JCI CIV VC FL ZEWE ZEWEBEIE BEIEFCF FCF U GNNXL GNNXLRCGE× RCGE×M M Lm nr`cmezcgenmls `rcmfls, ls kuy gnkÿm qul dcyc lquepns qul trcbcocm lm ’seins‛, in qul pulfl `lmlrcr prnbilkcs fl ljegelmgec gnkn pnr lolkpin fns lquepns fejlrlmtls trcbcocmfn lm li keskn  prnylgtn sem scblrin. scblri n. Vckbeåm Vckbeåm prnbilkcs fl jcitc jcit c fl ljegcgec se fns flpcrtcklmtns flpcrt cklmtns mn sl rlicgenmcm gnm ic csefuefcf qul flblrëcm c ic dnrc fl trcbcocr oumtns. Zc lm li emtlrås li gnmtcr umc dlrrckelmtc qul gnm slc gcpcz flfl emtl`rcr tnfns ins fe`etcils , y fl c ictnfns vlz qul pulfcgnm gnmlgtcrsl fl jnrkc jãgei li rlstn dlrrckelmtcs flprnglsns ic nr`cmezcge÷m. Lstns snm ci`umns lolkpins fl emtlrgnmlgtevefcf qul pulflm cyufcr c tu nr`cmezcge÷m c tlmlr kãs gicrefcf, c trcbcocr kãs dnkn`åmlcklmtl, c uscr y pc`cr pnr klmns sestlkcs y c rlfuger li telkpn lkpilcfn lm tcrlcs fl pngn vcinr cócfefn? • Westlkc fl RRDD qul emtl`rl ic bcsl fl fctns fl lkpilcfns gnm li sestlkc fl rlgiutckelmtn, gnmtrni fl dnrcs y flkãs dlrrckelmtcs fli gegin fl vefc fl Rlgursns Dukcmns • Emtl`rcge÷m fl ins jiuons fl tegalts y jcgturcs gnm tu LRX • Emtl`rcge÷m fl sestlkcs fl BE lm tus prnglsns fl trcbcon • Emtl`rcge÷m fl ins prnglsns fe`etcils gnm sniugenmls fl `lste÷m fnguklmtci

 



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