Experimento de Oersted

October 10, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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UNIVERSIDADE DE FRANCA

ENGENHARIA MECÂNICA CAIO HENRIQUE ALVES OLIVEIRA CLAUDINEY DAVID HUMBERTO LUAN WILLIAM

EXPERIMENTO DE OERSTED

FRANCA, 2014

 

SUMÁRIO

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Resumo

 

4  

Introdução



 

N' Ant&-"&!'!(, (ntr( ) -r(-), +(n)'.'/)( "( ) (n(n)

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!&)t&n#$ 53'r' (ntr( (3(tr&5&!'!( ( '-n(t&)%   D(+&) D(+ &) !( G'r!' G'r!'n, n, W&33&' W&33&'  G&37( G&37(rt, rt, ( 1:00 1:00,, '+) r('3& r('3&9'r  9'r  ()t"!) )&)t(?t&5) )7r(  '-n(t&) ( ' (3(tr&5&!'!(, (n't&9" ' !&(r(n#' (ntr( ) ((&t) ! 67'r ( ! 8$% A))&, ) (n(n) "( &5'r &5 'r&' &'  5 5n; n;(5 (5&! &!) ) 5 5  (3 (3t tr&5 r&5) ) r( r(3' 3'5& 5&n n'! '!) ) ' 6 67' 7'r r ( ) 5n;(5&!) 5 '-nt&5) r(3'5&n'!) ' 8$ +'))'r' ' )(r  ()t"!'!) !( r' !&)t&nt', +r't&5'(nt( )( "'3"(r 3&-'#$%

 

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'5&!(nt'3= O(r)t(! ()t'.' &n)(r&! n' 5rr(nt( &3)&5' !' Naturphilosophie% E)t' 5rr(nt( .&'  "n&.(r) 5 " t! &nt(r'-(nt(, +rt'nt n'!' '&) n't"r'3 "( 7")5'r "' r&-( 5" +'r' ' 3"9, 5'3r, (3(tr&5&!'!( (



t'3.(9  '-n(t&)=   A "n&&5'#$ !()t'), !&-'), 'n&()t'#() !' n't"r(9' n$ (r' t$ !()5'7&!', +&) (*&)t&' '3-"n) ()t"!) ( '3-"n) r(3't) n()t( )(nt&!, (%-%,  tr'7'3; !( B(n>'&n Fr'n3&n ( r(3't) !( "( 7>(t)



(t?3&5) 't&n-&!) +r r'&) '+r()(nt'.' +r+r&(!'!() '-nt&5')=   O tr'7'3; !( O(r)t(! t(.( "' !&."3-'#$ r?+&!' ( !( -r'n!( r(+(r5"))$ n (& 5&(nt8&5% V?r&) 5&(nt&)t') &n&5&'r' )(") ()t"!) n()t' ?r(' !( &(!&'t ( 5 &)t ;".( " '+r&r'(nt r?+&! !) r()"3t'!) !( O(r)t(!% T'3.(9 T'3.(9 )(>' "' !') 5'")') !( )"7()t&'r) 



tr'7'3; 5&(nt&)t' !&n''r")%   A! "n&&5'#$ !' (3(tr&5&!'!( 5  '-n(t&) (r' " 't '&) " (n) ()+(r'! +(3' 5"n&!'!( 5&(nt8&5' !' +5' ( "'n! ()t' "n&&5 "n& &5'#$ '#$  5 5rr(" rr(" " -r" -r"+ + !( 5&( 5&(nt&) nt&)t') t') t&. t&.(r' (r'  !& !&&5" &5"3!' 3!'!() !() ( '5(&t?/3'% E)t( 't !(.("/)( J )&(tr&' '+r()(nt'!' +(3 +r73('% O 5'+ '-nt&5 ' r(!r ! & +rt'!r !' 5rr(nt(% H".( .?r&') t(nt't&.') +'r' 7")5'r "' "tr' )3"#$% H?, +r (*(+3, ' t(nt't&.' !( K'7 B(r9(3&") 1  14 "( +r+) ' )(-"&nt( (*+3&5'#$< ' 5rr(nt( 5rr( nt( ' +'))'r +(3 +(3 5n!"tr 5n!"tr 5r&'r&' "'t "'tr r +3) '-nt&5) '-nt&5) (  5'+ 5'+  -(r'! -(r'!  +r ()t() +3) '+r()(nt'r&' '+r()(nt'r&'  ')+( ')+(5t 5t !( "' 3r !( "'tr +t'3')% E)t( !(3 (*+3&5'r&' )(nt( ( +'rt( ' )&(tr&'

 

: '+r( '+ r()( )(nt nt'! '!' ' +( +(3 3 5' 5'+ +  ' '-n -nt t&5 &5  !( " &&  +( +(r5 r5r rr&! r&!  + +rr " "' ' •

5rr(nt( (3tr&5'% 'r' '&) !(t'3;() .(r, MARTINS, 1:%   A '&r r(+(r r(+(r5")) 5"))$ $ !' !()5 !()57(rt 7(rt' ' !("/) !("/)( ( n' Fr'n# Fr'n#' ' ( )"' !&."3-'#$ t(.( &n&5& 5 ' +"73&5'#$ ! tr'7'3; !( O(r)t(! n)  Annales de Chimie et Physique  ( !' 5"n&5'#$, 040120, !'

!()57(rt' J A5'!(&' !( C&n5&') !( 'r&) +r Fr'n#&) K('n Ar'- 1:  1@% N()t( +(r8!, &n'3 ! )5"3 PVIII ( &n85& ! PIP, ' F8)&5' n' Fr'n#' ()t'.' )r(n! -r'n!() '3t(r'#() !(.&! ' &n3"n5&' !( &(rr( S&n, !( L'+3'5( 14/12 ( C3'"!( L"&) B(rt;33(t 14/122% O +r>(t !) 8)&5) 3'+3'5&'n) &))n, B&t, M'3"), G'// L") G' L"))' )'5, 5, (nt (ntr( r( "t "tr) r) (r' 3(. 3(.'r 'r ' 't 't(' ('t&9 t&9'#$ '#$  (* (*&)t &)t(nt (nt( ( n' !&n6&5', !&n6 &5', ()t?t ()t?t&5', &5', ;&!r ;&!r)t?t&5 )t?t&5', ', ;&!r ;&!r!&n6 !&n6&5' &5' ( (56 (56n&5' n&5' 5(3() 5(3()t( t( J 8)&5' !&t' (*+(r&(nt'3 ( "( t8n;') " tr't'(nt "'3&t't&. !) (n ( n( (n n)) (n (n. .3. 3.&! &!) ) 5 5 ,, + +rr (* (*( (+3 +3, ,  () ()t" t"! ! ! 5' 5'3 3rr, •

(3(tr&5&!'!(, '-n(t&) ( !' 3"9%   O) (.(nt (.(nt) ) "( +r(n" +r(n"n5&'r n5&'r' '  &n&5& &n&5&  !' 't( 't('t&9' 't&9'#$ #$ ( "'n " 'nt& t&&5 &5'# '#$ $ !' !')) 5& 5&n n5& 5&') ') 8 8)& )&5' 5'))  r' r'  ) () ()t" t"! !)) !( L' L'+3 +3'5 '5( ( ( L'.&)&(r )7r(  5'3r "( r' +"73&5'!) ( "' (r&' &nt&t"3'!' Mémoire sur la chaleur  (   ( ) tr'7'3;) !( C"37 )7r( (3(tr&5&!'!( (

'-n(t&)% E)5r(.(r )7r( ' 8)&5' 3'+3'5&'n' )(r&' ()t(n!(r/)( +r  !('&) !( '&) +'r +'r' ' "' 7r( 7r(.( .( &nt &ntr! r!"#$ "#$% % r &)) &))  +'r +'r' ' ) &nt &nt(r( (r())' ))'!) !) &n!&5') '3-"') r((rn5&') +'r' ) "( "&)(r( '&) &nr'#()% 'r' "' .&)$ -(r'3 !' 8)&5' 3'+3'5&'n' 5 " t!, 3(r FOP, 1@% 'r' " (*(+3 !( 't('t&9'#$ !' +t&5' t()  tr'7'3; !( Et&(n( L"&) M'3") )7r( ' !"+3' r(r'#$ MALUS, 111 ( +'r' "' .&)$ '&) '7r'n-(nt( "( 5n!"9&" M'3") ' ()t( tr'7'3; 3(r  FRANEL, 14% B&t &  !&)58+"3 '&) +r*& !( L'+3'5( ( " r(+r()(nt'nt( 5'r'5t(r8)t&5 !) 3'+3'5&'n)% S7r( (3( 3(r FRANEL, 1% • • •

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Vida de Oersted 



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H'n) C;r&)t&'n O(r)t(!, &3; !( 'r'5"t&5

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'rt&-) )7r( ()tt&5' ()tt&5' (  ( 8)&5' 8)&5'%%   E 101, O(r)t(! &n&5&" "' )r&( !( .&'-(n) J A3('n;' ( J Fr'n#', n !(5"r) !') "'&) t(.( ' +rt"n&!'!( !( 5n;(5(r R&tt(r, 5 "( 5n)(-"&" !(n)tr'r ' (*&)tn5&' !( r(3'#() (ntr( ) (n(n) (3tr&5),  5'3r, ' 3"9 ( ) ((&t) "8&5)% D(+'r'r'/)(, n (nt'nt, 5 '3-"') !&&5"3!'!() n' t(nt't&.' !( !()57r&r "' (.(nt"'3 r(3'#$ (ntr( ' (3(tr&5&!'!( (  '-n(t&)% W% G&37(rt, ( 1::0 1: :0,, n' )" )"' ' 7 7r' r' D( M' M'-n -n(t (t(, (, ' '&r &r' 'r' r' " "( ( ' (3 (3(t (tr& r&5& 5&!' !'!( !( (  '-n(t&) )$ !"') 'n&()t'#() !( "' r#' n&5' &n(r(nt( ' t!' ' ' 't tr& r&'% '% E 1 1@ @ C C"3 "3 7 7 !( !(t( t(r r&n &n'r 'r', ', 5 5  ' )" )"' ' 7' 7'3' 3'n# n#' ' (3(tr (3( tr)t? )t?t&5 t&5', ', ' 3(& " "'nt 'nt&t' &t't&. t&.' ' "( r(r(-"3' "3' ' &nt &nt(r' (r'#$ #$ (n (ntr( tr( 5r 5r+) +)

 

 (3(tr&9'!)% O 5+rt'(nt "'3&t't&. !' (3(tr&5&!'!( ()t?t&5' >? t&n;' •

)&! !(t(r&n'!' +(3 8)&5 r'n5) C;'r3() !" F' n 'n !( 1%   E 5n)("n5 5n)("n5&' &' !) tr'7'3;) !( C"37, (r' '5(&t +(3' 5"n&!'!( 5&(nt8&5' ' &n!(+(n!n5&' !) 5+rt'(nt) '-nt&5 ( (3tr&5 'n&()t'!) +(3' 'tr&', "' .(9 "( ) 3"&!) '-nt&5)  >''&) +!&' '7'n!n'r "' 7'rr' '-nt&5', (n"'nt ) 3"&!) (3tr&5)  +!&' '9(r% N (nt'nt, ' ()53' '3($, &n3"(n5&'!' +(3' F&3) F&3 )&' &' !' N't N't"r( "r(9', 9', '5r '5r(!& (!&t'. t'.' ' n' "n& "n&!'! !'!( ( !( t! t!') ') ') r r#') #') ( +r5 +r 5"r "r'. '.' ' () ()t' t'7( 7(3( 3(5( 5(rr " "' ' r( r(3' 3'#$ #$  (n (ntr tr( ( ' '"( "(3( 3()) ! !&) &) t&t&+ +)) !( (n ( n( (n n)% )% E) E)t( t()) tr' tr'7' 7'3; 3;) ) t&t&.( .(r' r'  " "' ' &n &n3" 3"n n5& 5&' ' !( !(5& 5&)& )&.' .' n n))



tr'7'3;) !( &n.()t&-'#$ !( O(r)t(!%   E K'n( K'n(&r &r !( 104 104,, O(r)t O(r)t(! (! r(-r() r(-r())' )' J D&n' D&n''r5' 'r5',, n!( 5nt&n"' ' !()(n.3.(r ' )"' &n.()t&-'#$ ( F8)&5' ( Q"8&5'% N )(" tr'7'3; Pesquisa sobre a Identidade das Forças Elétricas e Químicas , +"73&5'! ( 112, '!&t( ' ;&+t()( !( ) (n(n) '-nt&5) )(r( +r!"9&!) +(3' (3(tr&5&!'!(% E 11 5n)tr"&", >"nt'(nt( 5 E)'r, "' -r'n!( 7't(r&' 5 "' +("(n' r()&)tn5&' &nt(rn', 5 ' "'3 r('3&9" !&.(r)) ()t"!) )7r( (n(n) (3tr&5)% N &n.(rn !( 11/20, "'n! +r(r&' " 5n>"nt !( 3&#() )7r( (3(tr&5&!'!(, '-n(t&) ( -'3.'n&), 7)(r.", +(r'nt( ' '"!&n5&',  ((&t !( "' 5rr(nt( (3tr&5' )7r( "' '-"3;' '-nt&5'% A 5ntr?r& ! "( "&t') .(9() )( '&r', ()t( '5nt(5&(nt n$ t(r? )&! (r'(nt( '5&!(nt'3, >? "( ;? '3-"n) 'n) ' )"' +()"&)' ()t'.' r&(nt'!' n())( )(nt&!%



  E 21 !( K"3; !( 120, O(r)t(! 'n"n5&" ' )"' !()57(rt' n 'rt&- &nt&t"3'! Eperimenta circa e!!ectum con!lictus electriciti in acum ma"neticam% N()t( 'rt&- )$ !()5r&t') '3-"') !') )"') (*+(r&n5&'),

7( 5 '3-"') r(-r') +'r' !(t(r&n'r ' !&r(#$ !' r#' )7r(  •

+3 '-nt&5%   A) (*+(r (*+(r&n5& &n5&') ') r('3& r('3&9'!') 9'!') +r O(r)t O(r)t(!, (!, "t&3&9 "t&3&9'n! 'n! " &n)tr"(nt !( 5n5(+#$ r(3't&.'(nt( )&+3(), r' )"&5&(nt() +'r' '9(r '7'3'r ') ()tr"t"r') !' M(56n&5' N(tn&'n'% A n't"r(9' !()t' r#' '-nt&5' (r' !&)t&nt' !') r#') 5n;(5&!') 't (nt$% N$ )( tr't'.', 5(rt'(nt(, !( "' r#' 5(ntr'3, >? "( n$ ()t'.' r&(nt'!' )(-"n! "' 3&n;' r(t' +'))'n! +(3) !&) +nt) ( &nt(r'#$, 5

 

 '5nt(5( n 5') !') r#') -r'.&t'5&n'&), !') r#') !( &nt(r'#$ (ntr( 5'r-') (3tr&5') ( r(+") " (ntr( ) !&) +3) !( " 8$% E)t' (*+(r&n5&' 535", +r 5n)(-"&nt(, " !()'& J 5"n&!'!( •

5&(nt8&5'%   C (r' 5" n' +5', O(r)t(! n$ )( !(!&5" '+(n') ' "' ?r(' ! 5n;(5&(nt, t'7 & +(t', ()5r(.(n! '3-"') )r&() !( +(')% F&  +r&(&r ' !(5+r ' '3"&n' ( 7t(r '3"8n& +"r, +"r , ()t ()t"! "!" " ' 5 5+r +r()) ())&7& &7&3&! 3&!'!( '!( !( -') -')() () ( 38 38"&! "&!), ), &n. &n.(nt (nt" "  +&(9 +&( 9(tr (tr, , "( (! (!&' &' ' 5 5+r( +r()) ))&7& &7&3&!' 3&!'!( !( ! !)) -')() ( '3t' +r())$ ( 5n)tr"&" ( 5n>"nt 5 F"r&(r ' +&3;' t(r(3tr&5'% N' nt' !( 100 !'n 'n))(

r r n(r

  (! (!' '

!&n' !& n' 'r 'r "( "())'

&& 

535'!' ' t !(3( (ntr( 1@0 ( 10% O(r)t(! t'7 (+r()t' )(" n( +'r' ' "n&!'!( !( (!&!' !( &nt(n)&!'!( !( 5'+ '-nt&5 n •

)&)t(' CGS%  CGS%    H>( (*&)t( "' ()t?t"' !( O(r)t(! n !(+ (+' 'rt rt' '( (nt nt  !( "8 8&5 &5' ' ( n &n &n)t )t&t&t"t "t  !( 't( ' t(? ?t&t&55' ( 5& &n5 n5&&') !' Un Un&. &.(r (r))&! &!' '!( !( C+(n;'-"(, ( & n('!' 5 H%C O(r)t(! ( )"' ;(n'-(% E  +r&(&r )'t3&t( !&n''r"), 3'n#'! ( 1 t'7 t'7 & n('! n('! ;(n'-( ;(n'-('n! 'n! O(r)t(!% O(r)t(!% H'n) C;r&)t&' C;r&)t&'n n O(r)t(! rr(" ( 1@1 5 4 'n)%



















 

10 •



















Experimento de Oersted 



 

A r('3&9'r !&.(r)') (*+(r&n5&') O(r)t(! 7)(r." "( "'

5rr(n 5r r(nt( t( (3 (3tr& tr&5', 5', +') +'))' )'n! n! +r " 5n 5n!"t !"tr r,, !( !().& ).&'. '.' ' "' ''-"3; "3;' ' '-n ' -nt t&5 &5', ', 5 53 35' 5'!' !' ( )" )"' '

.&9& .& 9&n; n;'n 'n#' #' !( t' t'33  ! ! "( ''-"3 "3;' ;'

'))"&' "' +)&#$ !&(r(nt( ' +3'n !(&n&! ( +(3 5(ntr !' '-"3;' '-" 3;'%% Ut&3 Ut&3&9' &9'n! n! " & 5n 5n!" !"tr tr r(t r(t&38n &38n( (,, +r n n!( !( +' +'))' ))'.' .' "' 5rr(n 5r r(nt( t( (3 (3tr&5 tr&5', ', +) +)&5& &5&n n" " )7 )7r( r( ()) ())( ( & "' ''-"3; "3;' ' ''-nt nt&5' &5',, r&(nt r& (nt'n! 'n!  3&. 3&.r( r((nt (nt( ( n' !&r !&r(#$ (#$  nr nrt( t( / )" )"3%3% F'9 F'9(n (n! ! +') +'))' )'rr "' 5rr 5 rr(n (nt( t( n &&, , 7 7)( )(r. r." " " "( ( ' ''-"3 "3;' ;' ) )r& r&' ' " !( !(). ).& & ( )" )"' ' r&(nt'#$, ( "(  !().& (r' +(r+(n!&5"3'r ' ())( &% A &nt(rr+(r ' +'))'-( !' 5rr(nt( (3tr&5' ' '-"3;' .3t" ' r&(nt'r n' !&r(#$ nr rt( t( / )" )"3%3% A))& )&  (3( 5n5 n53" 3"&& "( ' 5rr rr(n (nt( t( (3 3tr tr&5 &5' ' n &&  )( 5+rt'.' 5 " &$ 535'! +r*& ' '-"3;' '-nt&5'% O" )(>'  5'+ '-nt&5 -(r'! +(3' 5rr(nt( (3tr&5' & r()+n)?.(3 +(3 !().& !' '-"3;', ( +!() 5n53"&r "( ') 5'r-') (3tr&5') ( .&  .&( (nt nt  -( -(r' r'  5' 5'+ +  ' '-n -nt t&5 &5  +r +r* *& &)) ' (3 (3') ')%% C C 

())' () )'

7)(r.'#$ +))&7&3&t" ' "n&&5'#$ !' (3(tr&5&!'!( 5  '-n(t&), +')) +' ))'n 'n! ! ' 5 5n) n)t&t&t" t"&r &r " & &+ +rt' rt'nt nt( ( r' r'  n' 8 8)& )&5' 5' !( !(n n& &n' n'! ! (3(tr'-n(t&)%

 

11 •

 

Q"'n! Q"'n ! ' 5rr(n 5rr(nt( t( (3tr& (3tr&5' 5'  & X )( ()t'7 ()t'7(3(5 (3(5( ( n 5n! 5n!"tr "tr,, '

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