Experimento de Joule

 

  XNFPHWRFMJM ]ÆBNFBJ MH JCGJ]D @JBXL]JM MH FNOHNFHWÃJ HN RFR]HCJR HLHB]WÒNFBJ H FNMXR]WFJL FNOHNFHWÃJJX]DCJ]F[JBFÒN FNMXR]WFJL HN UWDBHRDR MH

RHU]FCD FNMXR]WFJL DU]J]FPJ FF Ndcgrh; GXBJV , Brfstfnj Urd`hsdr; Fno. Hmfssdn Kdrmên @hbaj; :=/::/75:=

]HCJ;

 

FN]HWBJCGFJMDWHRR MH BJLDW FN]HWBJCGFJMDWH

DGKH]FPDR;   Dgkhtfvd Ohnhrjl;



 

Dgthnhr fn`drcjbfòn rhlhvjnth jbhrbj mhl Hxphrfchntd mh Kdulh y lds Bfblds mh Udthnbfj pjrj fmhntf`fbjr sus jplfbjbfdnhs chmfjnth lj fnvhstfojbfòn gfglfdorê`fbj.  gfglfdorê`fbj. 

  Dgkhtfvds Hsphbã`fbds;



 

Fmhntf`fbjr lj jplfbjbfòn mh hxphrfchntd mh Kdulh hstjglhbfhnmd sus pjrêchtrds mh thòrfbds chmfjnth lj fnvhstfojbfòn gfglfdorê`fbj. gfglfdorê`fbj.     Fnmjojr jbhrbj mh lds bfblds mh pdthnbfj pjrj rhbdndbhr sus bjrjbthrãstfbjs bjrjbthrãstfb js y bdcprhnmhr sus `unmjchntds chmfjnth lj fnvhstfojbfòn gfglfdorê`fbj.   Fmhntf`fbjr vfmhds rhprhshntjtfvds hn lj _HG jbhrbj mh lds thcjs chnbfdnjmds pjrj bdcprhnmhr mh un `drcj cês hxplfbjtfvjs jbhrbj mh

MHRJWWDLLD;  hstds thcjs MHRJWWDLLD;  HQUHWFCHN]D MH KDXLH

Hn hl sfold QFQ, Kdulh fmhò un hxphrfchnt hxphrfchntd d pjrj mhcdstrjr quh quh hl bjldr nd hrj cês quh unj `drcj mh hnhroãj, y quh sh pdmãj dgthnhr j pjrtfr mh lj hnhroãj chbênfbj. Mfbad hxphrfchntd sh bdndbh bdcd hxphrfchntd mh Kdulh pjrj mhthrcfnjr hl hqufvjlhnth chbênfbd mhl bjldr.

Jnths mhl hxphrfchntd mh Kdulh sh phnsjgj quh bjldr y hnhroãj hrjn mds cjonftumhs mf`hrhnths, pdr ld quh ljs unfmjmhs hn quh sh chmãjn jcgjs hrjn tjcgfæn mfstfntjs.

Lj unfmjm mh bjldr quh sh hcplhjgj hrj lj bjldrãj Bdn su hxphrfchntd, Kdulh sh prdpusd mhcdstrjr quh sh pdmãj hlhvjr lj thcphrjturj mhl jouj trjns`frfænmdlh hnhroãj chbênfbj

 

UWDBHMFCFHN]D MHL HQUHWFCHN]D MH KDXLH

Hl hxphrfchntd mh Kdulh `uh unj vhrmjmhrj prdhzj mh prhbfsfòn y mh fnohnfd bdnsfmhrjnmd lds chmfds mh quh sh mfspdnãjn hn hsj æpdbj.

Hl jpjrjtd bdnsfstãj hshnbfjlchnth hn un hkh rdtjtdrfd mdtjmd mh unj shrfh mh pjlhtjs

Mh ahbad dbad grjzds rhvdlvhnths, ofrjnmd hntrh bujtrd bdnkuntds mh pjlhtjs hstjbfdnjrfjs.

Hl prdpòsftd mh hstjs pjlhtjs hrj joftjr hl lãqufmd quh sh bdldbjgj hn hl hspjbfd lfgrh hntrh hlljs.

Hl hkh sh bdnhbtjgj bd nhbtjgj chmfjnth un sfsthcj mh pdlhjs y buhrmjs cuy `fnjs j un pjr mh cjsjs mh phsd bdndbfmd.

Hl hxphrfchntd bdnsfstãj hn hnrdlljr lj buhrmj sukhtjnmd ljs cjsjs sdgrh ljs pdlhjs ajstj bdldbjrljs j unj jlturj mhthrcfnjmj mhl suhld.

Jl mhkjr bjhr ljs cjsjs, hl hkh ofrjgj ld bujl j su vhz ohnhrjgj unj rdtjbfòn mh lds grjzds rhvdlvhnths joftjnmd hl lãqufmd bdnthnfmd hn hl rhbfpfhnth.

Lds bfblds mh pdthnbfj mh ojs d mfspdsftfvds bãblfbds ohnhrjmdrhs mh pdthnbfj rhvfsthn mh orjn fcpdrtjnbfj hn hl hstumfd mh lj thrcdmfnêcfbj yj quh vjrfds sfsthcjs y cjqufnjs sh gjsjn hn su `unbfdnjcfhntd.

 

BFBLD MH UD]HNBFJ

 

 

BFBLDR HN LDR CD]DWHR MH BDCGXR]FÒN FN]HWNJ. Lds bfblds fmhjlhs mh lds cdtdrhs mh bdcgustfòn fnthrnj tfhnhn un nfvhl hlhvjmd mh sfcplf`fbjbfòn, quh sdljchnth phrcfth jnjlfzjr lds jsphbtds bujlftjtfvds mh lds prdbhsds thrcdmfnêcfbds rhjlhs y su h`fbfhnbfj.

Nd sh jnjlfzjn lds prdbhsds mh bdcgustfòn, nf lds `hnòchnds mh trjns`hrhnbfj mh bjldr hn lds cdtdrhs Y=S.

Hl jnêlfsfs thrcdmfnêcfbd sh rhjlfzj j trjvæs mh bujtrd prdbhsds shbuhnbfjlhs quh fnbluyhn;

LJ BDCUWHRFÒN PDLXCÆ]WFBJ MHL JFWH D LJ CH[BLJ MH JFWH V BDCGXR]FGLH. Hs hl nûchrd quh phrcfth chmfr lj prdpdrbfòn hn vdluchn, quh sh aj bdcprfcfmd lj chzblj mh jfrhbdcgustfglh (Cdtdr Dttd) d hl jfrh (Cdtdr Mfæshl) mhntrd mh lj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn mh un bflfnmrd. Lj rhljbfòn mh bdcprhsfòn vdlucætrfbj hn un cdtdr mh bdcgustfòn fnthrnj Hs mhbfr hl vdluchn cêxfcd d tdtjl (vdluchn mhspljzjmd cês hl mh lj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn) hntrh hl vdluchn cãnfcd (vdluchn mh lj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn) Ujrj bjlbuljr su vjldr thòrfbd sh utflfzj lj sfoufhnth hbujbfòn;

Mdnmh;  

m 3 mfêchtrd mhl bflfnmrd.

 

 

s 3 bjrrhrj mhl pfstòn mhsmh hl puntd cuhrtd suphrfdr ajstj hl puntd cuhrtd fn`hrfdr   Pb 3 vdluchn mh lj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn.   WB 3 hs lj rhljbfòn mh bdcprhsfòn y hs jmfchnsfdnjl. Lds cdmhrnds cdtdrhs mh;

bjcfdnhs,

turgfnjs mh ojs

gjrbds,

Rdn hkhcpld mh jplfbjbfdnhs hxtrhcjmjchnth ûtflhs mh hstds

]fpds mh cdtdrhs mh Bdcgustfòn Fnthrnj.

Cdtdr bdnvhnbfdnjl mhl tfpd Dttd.

Hl cdtdr bdnvhnbfdnjl mhl tfpd Dttd hs mh bujtrd tfhcpds (=]), junquh hn `uhrj gdrmj y vhaãbulds mh mds ruhmjs ajstj unj bfhrtj bflfnmrjmj sh utflfzò cubad hl cdtdr mh mds tfhcpds (7]).

Lj thrcdmfnêcfbj nds mfbh quh hl rhnmfcfhntd mh un cdtdr jlthrnjtfvd mhphnmh hn prfchrj jprdxfcjbfòn mhl orjmd mh bdcprhsfòn. Hstj rhljbfòn suhlh shr mh 1 j : d :5 j : hn lj cjydrãj mh lds cdtdrhs Dttd cdmhrnds

Cdtdrhs mfæshl 

Lj bdcgustfòn tfhnh luojr hn hsth ûltfcd j vdluchn bdnstjnth hn luojr mh prdmubfrsh j unj prhsfòn bdnstjnth.

Lj cjydrãj mh lds cdtdrhs mfæshl sdn jsfcfscd mhl bfbld mh bujtrd tfhcpds, sjlvd lds mh tjcjúd cuy orjnmh, `hrrdvfjrfd d cjrfnd, quh sdn mh mds tfhcpds.

 

 

@unbfdnjcfhntd. ]fhcpd mh jmcfsfòn; Hl jfrh y hl bdcgustfglh chzbljmds hntrjn pdr lj vêlvulj mh jmcfsfòn. ]fhcpd mh bdcprhsfòn; Lj chzblj jfrh/bdcgustfglh jfrh/bdcgustfglh hs bdcprfcfmj y hnbhnmfmj chmfjnth lj gukãj. ]fhcpd mh bdcgustfòn; Hl bdcgustfglh sh fn`ljcj y hl pfstòn hs hcpukjmd ajbfj jgjkd. ]fhcpd mh hsbjph; Lds ojshs mh hsbjph sh bdnmubhn ajbfj `uhrj j trjvæs mh lj vêlvulj mh hsbjph.

•

•

Cdtdr bdnvhnbfdnjl mhl tfpd Dttd.

•

•

•

•

]fhcpd mh jmcfsfòn; hl pfstòn sjlh ajbfj `uhrj, y sh jgsdrgh jfrh ajbfj lj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn. ]fhcpd mh bdcprhsfòn, hn quh hl pfstòn sh jbhrbj, hl jfrh sh bdcprfch j unj pjrth mh su vdluchn drfofnjl, ld bujl ajbh quh sugj su thcphrjturj ajstj unds 185 µB. Jl `fnjl mh lj `jsh mh bdcprhsfòn sh fnyhbtj hl bdcgustfglh j orjn prhsfòn chmfjnth lj fnyhbbfòn mh bdcgustfglh bdn ld quh sh jtdcfzj mhntrd mh lj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn, prdmubfænmdsh lj fn`ljcjbfòn j bjusj mh lj jltj thcphrjturj mhl jfrh. ]fhcpd mh trjgjkd, lds ojshs prdmubtd mh lj bdcgustfòn hcpukjn hl pfstòn ajbfj `uhrj, trjscftfhnmd lj `uhrzj ldnoftumfnjl jl bfoühújl j trjvæs mh lj gfhlj, trjns`drcênmdsh hn `uhrzj mh ofrd pjr cdtdr. ]fhcpd mh hsbjph, bujnmd vuhlvh hl pfstòn ajbfj mhntrd.

•

Cdtdrhs mfæshl 

•

•

Ljs fmhjlfzjbfdnhs y supdsfbfdnhs hcplhjmjs hn hl jnêlfsfs mh lds bfblds mh pdthnbfj sdn prfnbfpjlchnth;

:) Hl bfbld nd fcplfbj nfnounj `rfbbfòn

Hs mhbfr, hl `lufmd mh trjgjkd nd hxphrfchntj nfnounj bjãmj mhprhsfòn bujnmd `luyh hn tughrãjs d mfspdsftfvds bdcd lds fnthrbjcgfjmdrhs mh bjldr.

Hstên cuy gfhn jfsljmjs y lj

=) Rh fondrjn lds bjcgfds hn ljs

trjns`hrhnbfj bjldr j trjvæs mh hlljs hs mh fnsfonf`fbjnth.

hnhroãjs bfnætfbj y pdthnbfjl mhl `lufmd mh trjgjkd.

2) Ljs tughrãjs quh bdnhbtjn j lds mf`hrhnths bdcpdnhnths mh n sfsthcj

7) ]dmds lds prdbhsds mh hxpjnsfòn y bdcprhsfòn dburrhn hn lj `drcj mh bujsfhquflfgrfd.

 

Hl vjpdr hs hl `lufmd mh trjgjkd cês bdcûnchnth usjmd hn bfblds mh pdthnbfj mh vjpdr mhgfmd j sus cubajs y jtrjbtfvjs bjrjbthrãstfbjs bdcd gjkd bdstd, mfspdnfgflfmjm y jltj hntjlpfj mh vjpdrfzjbfòn.

Hl vjpdr hxphrfchntj hl cfscd bfbld thrcdmfnêcfbd,

gfhnbjrgdhlæbtrfbj, shj, hn unj bhntrjl nublhdhlæbtrfbj d bhntrjl hlæbtrfbj mh ojs njturjl shoûn hl tfpd mh bdcgustfglh quh sh hcplhh pjrj sucfnfstrjrlh bjldr.

BFBLDR MH UD]HNBFJ MH PJUDW  

Rh mh`fnh bfbld mh Bjrndt bdcd un prdbhsd bãblfbd rhvhrsfglh quh utflfzj un ojs phr`hbtd, y quh bdnstj mh mds trjns`drcjbfdnhs fsdtærcfbjss y mds fsdtærcfbj jmfjgêtfbjs, tjl bdcd sh cuhstrj hn lj `fourj.

   ]    D    N    W    J    B    H    M      D    L    B    F    B

]rjcd J-G fsdthrcj j lj thcphrjturj ]: ]rjcd G-B jmfjgêtfbj ]rjcd B-M fsdthrcj j lj thcphrjturj ]7 ]rjcd M-J jmfjgêtfbj

   t    h    d   t    n    n    r    f    h    j    B   u    o    h   f    s     m    l    d   h     l    s    b    f    h    b     l    P    h       m   p    j   j    b    f    c     `    j     ê    r    r    o   o    j    f    n    m     ò    f    n    b   u    j    t    n    n    h    s    h    h    r    p    h    r    j    L

Lj prhsfòn p G sh bjlbulj j pjrtfr mh lj hbujbfòn mhl ojs fmhjl

]rjns`drcjbfòn

Pjrfjbfòn mh hnhroãj fnthrnj

J->G (fsdthrcj) 

]rjgjkd Bjldr

 

Lj hbujbfòn mh hstjmd jmfjgêtfbj hs

 

d gfhn, . Rh mhsphkj vb mh lj hbujbfòn mh lj jmfjgêtfbj

]rjns`drcjb fòn G->B (jmfjgêtfbj) 

. Bdndbfmd vb y ] 7 sh dgtfhnh pb, j pjrtfr mh lj hbujbfòn mhl ojs

fmhjl.

.

Bjldr Pjrfjbfòn mh hnhroãj fnthrnj

•

Xnj cêqufnj quh `unbfdnh shoûn hl prfnbfpfd mh Bjrndt

•

Buyd rhnmfcfhntd h`hbtfvd shj foujl jl rhnmfcfhntd cêxfcd bdnstftuyh unj cêqufnj phr`hbtj, quh nd hs rhjlfzjglh, phrd buyds bjrjbthrhs mhghn bdndbhrsh pjrj pdmhr jprdxfcjrsh j hllds ld cês pdsfglh. Ljs trjns`drcjbfdnhs trjns`drcjbfdnhs j ljs quh sh sdchth un `lufmd puhmhn rhjlfzjrsh mh mds `drcjs mfstfntjs

 

 .    µ    : J thcphrjturj bdnstjnth sh dgtfhnh unj bdcprhsfòn d unj hxpjnsfòn lljcjmj fsdtærcfbj, fsdtærcfbj, quh tfhnh luojr bujnmd lj vjrfjbfòn mhl vdluchn sh ajbh hn un rhbfntd, cjnthnfmd j thcphrjturj bdnstjnth, quh jgsdrgh tdmd hl bjlhntjcfhntd prdmubfmd hn hl

Bujnmd hl rhbfntd mdnmh sh prdmubh lj hxpjnsfòn d lj bdcprhsfòn hstê bdcplhtjchnth jfsljmd mhl bjldr quh nfnounj mh ljs vjrfjbfdnhs mh lj thcphrjturj mhl chmfd quh dbupj hsth rhbfntd puhmh rhmubfrsh pdr unj pærmfmj mh bjldr j trjvæs mh ljs

ojsthcphrjturj d hn hl vjpdr, d quhj bhmh lj tfhnmh gjkjr bjldr, pdr sf bjusj mh lj hxpjnsfòn. Rf sh trjtj mh un ojs jl quh puhmh jplfbjrsh lj lhy mh Gdylh-Cjrfdtth, lj burvj mh prhsfòn hn `unbfòn mhl vdluchn shrê unj burvj hquflêthrj rhprhshntjmj pdr lj hbujbfòn pv3 bdnstjnth

pjrhmhs, lj trjns`drcjbfòn sh lljcj jmfjgêtfbj.

7   µ      .

 

LDR BFBLDR MH HWFBRRDN V R]FWLFNO

Hl h`hbtd bdcgfnjmd mh fnthrhn`rfjcfhntd, rhbjlhntjcfhntd y rhohnhrjbfòn.

Hs un juchntd hn lj h`fbfhnbfj tærcfbj mh un bfbld mh pdthnbfj mh turgfnj mh ojs.

Hl bfbld sh puhmh rhprhshntjr chmfjnth mds htjpjs j thcphrjturjs bdnstjnths y mds prdbhsds j prhsfòn bdnstjnth bdn rhohnhrj rhohnhrjbfòn. bfòn.

Hn tjl sftujbfòn lds prdbhsds fsdhntrdpfbds mh bdcprhsfòn y hxpjnsfòn pjsjn j shr fsdtærcfbds

Hs fnthrhsjnth hxjcfnjr quh pjsj bujnmd hl nûchrd mh htjpjs tjntd mh fnthrhn`rfjchfhntd y mh rhbjlhntjcfhntd sh ajbh fn`fnftjchnth orjnmh.

J un prdbhsd jsã sh lh lljcj bfbld mh Hrfbssdn.

 

Hn hsth hl `lufmd sh hxpjnmh fsdtærcfbjchnth mhl hstjmd : jl 7 j trjvæs mh unj turgfnj sh prdmubh trjgjkd y hl bjldr sh jgsdrgh rhvhrsfglhchnth mhsmh un mhpdsftd j ]j,

luhod hl `lufmd sh hn`rãj j prhsfòn bdnstjnth hn un rhohnhrjmdr, mhl hstjmd 2 jl = hl `lufmd sh bdcprfch fsdtærcfbjchnth.

Hstd rhqufhrh unj hntrjmj mh trjgjkd y unj hxpulsfòn rhvhrsfglh mh bjldr ajbfj un mhpdsftd j ]g,

Udr ûltfcd hl `lufmd sh bjlfhntj j prhsfòn bdnstjnth ajstj hl hstjmd fnfbfjl ajbfænmdld pjsjr j bdntrjbdrrfhnth j trjvæs mhl rhohnhrjmdr bdcd lj ûnfbj trjns`hrhnbfj mh bjldr hxthrnj jbtûj sdgrh lds mhpòsftds y bdcd tdmds lds prdbhsds sdn rhvhrsfglhs, lj h`fbfhnbfj hs foujl j lj mhl bfbld mh Bjrndt.

Nd dgstjnth hl bfbld mh Hrfbssdn hs fcprjbtfbd,

sfrvh pjrj cdstrjr bdcd pdmrãj bdldbjrsh un rhohnhrjmdr pjrj juchntjr lj h`fbfhnbfj tærcfbj.

Dtrd bfbld mh cjs fcpdrtjnbfj phrd brftfbd y quh fnbdrpdrj un rhohnhrjmdr hn su hsquhcj hs hl bfbld Rtfrlfno,

Hsth sh bdcpdnh mh 7 prdbhsds fsdtærcfbds rhvhrsfglhs y mds prdbhsds j vdluchn bdnstjnth tjcgfæn rhvhrsfglhs.

Hl ojs sh hxpjnmh fsdtærcfbjchnth j pjrtfr mhl hstjmd fnfbfjl : jl 7 jújmfhnmdsh bjldr mhsmh un mhpòsftd j thcp.

]j, mhl hstjmd 7 jl 2 sh hlfcfnj hnhroãj j vdlûchnhs bdnstjnth ajstj quh lj thcphrjturj mhl `lufmd hs foujl j ]g

luhod hl vdluchn sh rhmubh mh cjnhrj fsdtærcfbj ajstj su vjldr drfofnjl, hxtrjyænmdsh bjldr rhvhrsfglhchnth ajstj un shounmd mhpdsftd j ]g,

`fnjlchnth sh jújmh bjldr j vdluchn bdnstjnth mhsmh un hstjmd = jl :. Jplfbjnmd un gjljnbh mh hnhroãj pjrj hstds mds prdbhsds sh vh quh sdn mh lj cfscj cjonftum.

 

 

Hsth bfbld sh bdnsfmhrj hl gêsfbd hn hl jnêlfsfs mh turgfnjs.

   N    D    ]    V    J Hsth hs un    W bfbld sfcplh    G pjrj unj    H turgfnj mh ojs    M   sh hcplhj hqufpd    L shpjrjmd pjrj    D    B lds mfvhrsds    F tfpds mh    B prdbhsds mhl bfbld.

J bdntfnujbfòn sh mh`fnh prfchrd ld quh hs un bfbld jgfhrtd, jl fnfbfd hl jfrh sh bdcprfch hn `drcj jmfjgjtfbj hn bdcprhsdr rdtjtdrfd jxfjl d bhntrf`uod,

hl jfrh hntrj j unj bêcjrj mh bdcgustfòn mdnmh sh fnyhbtj y quhcj bdcgustfglh j prhsfòn bdnstjnth,

lds prdmubtds mh hstj bdcgustfòn luhod sh hxpjnmhn hn unj turgfnj ajstj jlbjnzj lj prhsfòn jcgfhnth mh lds jlrhmhmdrhs.

 

Lds bfblds mh ljs turgfnjs mh ojs rhjlhs sdn jgfhrtds yj quh mhgh fntrdmubfrsh jfrh bdntfnujchnth. Hn hl bfbld mh Grjytdn fmhjlfzjmd hn bdcpjrjbfòn jl mh Dttd y Mfhshl dphrj hn un fnthrvjld chndr c hndr mh prhsfdnhs y thcphrjturj hsphrj hn un fnthrvjld mh vdluchn c s jcplfd, hstd ajbh quh nd shj jmhbujmd pjrj hl usd hn cêqufnjs jlthrnjtfvjs.

Rf sh jorhoj un rhohnhrjmdr pjrj rhbdgrjr hl bjldr mh hsbjph mh lj turgfnj sh chkdrj lj h`fbfhnbfj.

Mhgfmd j quh lds ojshs quh sh hxpjnmhn hstên cês bjlfhnths hl trjgjkd quh puhmh dgthnhrsh mhl prdbhsd mh hxpjnsfòn hs cjydr quh hl mh bdcprhsfòn9 hl trjgjkd nhtd mhl bfbld hs lj mf`hrhnbfj hntrh lds mds

Jújmfhnmd jmhcês mh fnthrhn`rfjcfhntd hn hl bdcprhsdr y rhbjlhntjcfhntd mhl `lufmd mh trjgjkd, murjnth lj hxpjnsfòn sh fnbrhchntj lj sjlfmj mh pdthnbfj pjrj un tjcjúd mjmd mh turgfnj mh ojs.

Hsth bfbld bdnstj mh bdcprhsfòn jmfjgjtfbj, bjlhntjcfhntd j prhsfòn bdnstjnth y hxpjnsfòn jmfjgêtfbj

 

mhphnmh prfnbfpjlchnth mh lj rhljbfòn mh prhsfdnhs, lj thcphrjturj mh jmcfsfòn j lj turgfnj y ljs phrmfmjs pjrêsftjs

n. Gr 3 : :/(p7/p:)^(i-:)/i

Lj h`fbfhnbfj

(hn hsphbfjl ljs h`fbfhnbfjs mhl bdcprhsdr y mh lj turgfnj).

tærcfbj bfbld mhmhl Grjytdn

Rh puhmh mhcdstrjr quh lj h`fbfhnbfj tærcfbj mhphnmh sdld mh lj rhljbfòn mh prhsfdnhs hn hl bdcprhsdr (p7/p:).

Hn hl bjsd thòrfbd mh un jfrh hstênmjr fmhjl sfn phrmfmjs fnthrnjs

 

   H    N    F    I    N    J    W    H    M      D    L    B    F    B

Hsth bfbld sh bdcpdnh mh bujtrd prdbhsds mfstfntds. Bdchnzjnmd bdn lj gdcgj mh jlfchntjbfòn, hl lãqufmd quh hntrj jl bjlhntjmdr sh llhvj prfchrd j lj prhsfòn mhl bjlhntjmdr. Lj hnhroãj pjrj hl bjlhntjcfhntd y lj vjpdrfzjbfòn mhl lãqufmd hstê prdpdrbfdnjmj pdr lj jbbfòn mhl bdcgustfglh hn hl bjlhntjmdr.

•

•

•

Rf sh rhqufhrh hl sdgrhbjlhntjcfhntd sdgrhbjlhntjcfhnt d mhl vjpdr, hsth tjcgfæn puhmh ldorjrsh hn hl bjlhntjmdr. Hl vjpdr sjlh mhl ohnhrjmdr mh vjpdr y sh hxpjnmh hn `drcj fsdhntròpfbj hn un cdtdr prfcjrfd ajstj prdpdrbfdnjr lj sjlfmj mh trjgjkd mhl bfbld.

•

•

Lds bujtrd bdcpdnhnths utflfzjmds mhl bfbld mh Wjnifnh mfspdsftfvds mh `lukd hstjglh pdr ld bujl lds bujtrd prdbhsds quh bdn`drcjn hl bfbld Wjnifnh sdn jnjlfzjmds bdcd prdbhsds mh `lukd hstjglh9 lj hbujbfòn mh hnhroãj mh `lukd hstjglh pjrj hstds mfspdsftfvds(lj hnhroãj bfnætfbj y pdthnbfjl mhl vjpdr sdn phquhúds bdcpjrjmds bdn lj trjns`hrhnbfj mh bjldr y

•

•

trjgjkd) unfmjm mh cjsj mh pdr vjpdr sh rhmubh j;

 

Jmfbfòn mh bjldr j prhsfòn bdnstjnth hn unj bjlmhrj Hl jouj hntrj j lj bjlmhrj bdcd lãqufmd bdcprfcfmd hn hl hstjmd 7 y sjlh bdcd vjpdr sdgrhbjlhntjmd hn hstjmd 2.

Lj bjlmhrj hs gêsfbjchnth un orjn fnthrbjcgfjmdr mh

Lj bjlmhrj bdn hl bjldr hsth sh drfofnj sdgrhbjlhntjmdr (mdnmh sh hn ldsmdnmh ojshs mh sdgrhbjlfhntj hl vjpdr) bdcgustfòn, rhjbtdrhs nublhjrhs u dtrjs `uhnths y rhbfgh hl ndcgrh mh ohnhrjmdr mh vjpdr. Lj sh trjns`fhrh jl jouj j prfchrj lhy mh lj prhsfòn bdnstjnth. thrcdmfnêcfbj pjrj lj bjlmhrj sh hxprhsj bdcd;

 

BDU3 Zhnt./_nht.

Æsth utflfzj un sfsthcj mhl tfpd mh bdcprhsfòn chbênfbj mh un vjpdr. Bfbld Fnvhrsd Mh Bjrndt (Bfbld @rfodrã`fbd)

Hl ãnmfbh mh h`fbjbfj mh un sfsthcj mh rh`rfohrjbfòn nd hs unj h`fbfhnbfj, sfnd lj rhljbfòn bdndbfmj bdcd bdh`fbfhnth mh `unbfdnjcfhntd (BDU), quh sh mh`fnh bdcd hl bjldr sucfnfstrjmd mfvfmfmd hntrh hl trjgjkd nhtd rhjlfzjmd;

Bdcd hl bfbld mh Bjrndt hs hl chkdr u òptfcd pdsfglh, hl BDU (d B@) bdrrhspdnmfhnth j tjl bfbld suhlh utflfzjrsh bdcd gjsh mh bdcpjrjbfòn mh lds vjldrhs mh BDU dgthnfmds hn dtrds bfblds.

 

BDNBLXRFDNHR;  

Lj hlhbtrfbfmjm hs pjrth `unmjchntjl mh nuhstrd hntdrnd. Lds shrhs aucjnds hn lj jbtujlfmjm mhphnmhcds mh lj hlhbtrfbfmjm pjrj pdmhr rhjlfzjr tdmjs nuhstrjs jbtfvfmjmhs. Udr tjl rjzòn hs tjn fcpdrtjnth hnthnmhr bfhrtds `hnòchnds quh dburrhn bdn rhsphbtd j hllj. Xnd mh hsds `hnòchnds hs hl H`hbtd Kdulh. Hl h`hbtd Kdulh hs hl `hnòchnd pdr hl bujl sf hn un bdnmubtdr bfrbulj unj bdrrfhnth hlæbtrfbj pjrth mh lj hnhroãj bfnætfbj mh lds hlhbtrdnhs. Mh ld bujl sh puhmh mhbfr quh

bujlqufhr buhrpd sdchtfmd jl `lukd mh bdrrfhnth hlæbtrfbj hlhvj su thcphrjturj pdr hl h`hbtd mhl badquh mh lds êtdcds mhl cjthrfjl bdnmubtdr. Xn hkhcpld bljrd y quh hstê hn nuhstrd mfjrfd vfvfr sdn lds hlhbtrdmdcæstfbds sh bjlfhntjn. Hxfsthn cubads jrth`jbtds, cjqufnjs bdn hsth prfnbfpfd.  prfnbfpfd.     Hn lj njturjlhzj tdmds lds prdbhsds quh dburrhn sdn frrhvhrsfglhs. frrhvhrsfglhs . Rfn hcgjrod hl hstumfd mh hstds prdbhsds hs cuy ûtfl puhs nds mj hl vjldr mhl rhnmfcfhntd cêxfcd quh sh puhmh dgthnhr mh unj cêqufnj. Xn bfbld mh Wjnifnh mh pdthnbfj fmhjl bdnstj mh unj unj turgfnj y unj gdcgj fsdhntròpfbjs, bdn fnthrbjcgfd mh bjldr hn unj bjlmhrj-sdgrhbjlhntjmdr, y un bdnmhnsjmdr j prhsfòn bdnstjnth .Hl bfbld pdthnbfj mh vjpdr rhjl mf`fhrh mhl bfbld Wjnifnh fmhjl, mhgfmd j ljs frrhvhrsfgflfmjmhs hn mfvhrsds bdcpdnhnths. Rfhnmd hstds; Lj `rfbbfòn mhl `lufmd. Ljs pærmfmjs mh bjldr fnmhshjglhs ajbfj lds jlrhmhmdrhs h Frrhvhrsfgflfmjmhs hn lj turgfnj y gdcgj.  gdcgj.   PFMHDR   attps;//www.ydutugh.bdc/wjtba4v3yZQg[AkAlLF   attps;//www.ydutugh.bdc/wjtba4v3yAyhAmW:c8w   attps;//www.ydutugh.bdc/wjtba4v3joxncU@@Nyb

  

GFGLFDOWJ@FJ;   attp;//gfglfdthbjmfoftjl.flbh.hmu.cx attp;//gfglfdthbjmfoftjl.flbh.hmu.cx/sfths/bfhnbfj/vdluc /sfths/bfhnbfj/vdluchn:/bfhnbfj7/58/atc/s hn:/bfhnbfj7/58/atc/s hbT0.atcl   attp;//www.jbjmh attp;//www.jbjmhcfj.hmu/?8:1586/BFBLDRTMH cfj.hmu/?8:1586/BFBLDRTMHTUD]HNBFJTMHT TUD]HNBFJTMHTPJUDW PJUDW



