EXPERIMENTAL 1- WAT.docx

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 Date of Experiment

Date of

Submission June 30,2016

July 12, 2016 Experiment No. 1 Word Association Test

Abstract This paper presents the use of word association test to investigate what type of association test (the free association or the partially controlled association test) will elicit a shorter reaction time, and that which will elicit more response words. .In a word association test is a word game, consisting of a hundred stimulus words, that were read out singly, administered to the respondent, who is asked to respond with the first word that comes into their mind, and this gives information on the way knowledge structures in the human mind. On the basis of the results, it analyzed in order to find out what word of assocition test, this experiment is used to know how fast will you response to a given word and to improve your vocabulary skills. Keywords: word association, free association, partially controlled association, stimulus

1 Introduction

The Word Association Test (WAT) was based on earlier theories of the associationism

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 school of psychology, which studied the laws of mental associations. Word Association Test is a word game, consisting of a hundred stimulus words, that were read out singly, administered to the respondent, who has to answer each given words as quickly as possible by means of the first word coming or occurs to his or her mind. The reaction time, verbal response, and test behavior were recorded and analyzed. (Papadopoulos,2016) This research technique has a long history and has been in use for more than a century. Carl Jung introduced significant change to this method, this method was tapping both conscious and unconscious sensation. Jung theorized that people connect ideas, feelings, experiences and information by way of associations. He found that ideas and experiences are linked or grouped, in the unconscious by producing unusual responses or in such a manner, as to exert influence over the individual’s behavior. These groupings he called “complexes.” In the study it says that people can not create and retrieve repesentations involving familiar words, without relying on pre-existing associative structures created as a result of past experience. Thus the word association test can be used in order to reveal scientific conceptual structures. Science conceptual structures depend both on science education and culture of the community in which students grow and develop, including the climate and culture within the schools themselves. (Kostova, & 2 Radoynovska, 2008).

Some study provides a view into students’ understanding of solution chemistry by

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 presenting a qualitative mapping of students’ cognitive structures embellished by the WAT. Students having difficulties in understanding some of the words in chemistry. Therefore, in order to help students become more knowledgeable and more structured in understanding the concepts related to chemistry, they used word association test, and this also used for teachers if they are applicable in teaching strategies because they should also developed and evaluated in chemistry classroom context, e.g conceptual change or concept mapping strategies. They can improve their scientific comprehensions for particular scientific concepts. The teachers should develop a content knowledge of their pupils’ cognitive structures before starting a course. Chemistry teachers apply the WAT in order to determine their students’ existing knowledge, misconceptions and cognitive structures and to design their instruction accordingly. They can use the WAT to self-reflect on their own teaching both before and after instruction occurs. Nevertheless, this needs to be performed with sufficient care, so that the students are not confused or misled by inexplicit or faulty explanations (Derma & Eilks, 2016). In the other research, there is a kind of sense relation between words in the mind of every person. These sense relations play a big role in finding the required word. Just what Jung said ideas, feelings and experience are linked in the unconscious and will produce an unusual behavior. The research concluded that the lexical storage system 3 is approximately the same in people’s mind. They indicate that the lexical storage

system is largely based on sense relations. There is also in the research that good

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 readers store more knowledge of vocabulary that will automatically activate your mind and it will be easy for you to relate or connect some words to other, which will then aid comprehension. The results that obtained in the research is that the students gave responses to word association questionnaire using words which reflect their psychological state and which aligned to their lives (Nekah, S.M.A., Akhlaghi, E., & Ebrahimi, S., 2013).

Methodology Objectives To determine which type of association test (the free association or the partially controlled association test) will elicit a shorter reaction time, and that which will elicit more response words. Apparatus Watch with second hand (Appendix G) Set I. Free association test consisting of 60 stimulus words Set II. Free asscociation test consisting of 15 stimulus words. 4

Set III. Partially controlled continuous association test consisting of 5 stimulus words

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 Procedure Divide the class into groups of three students each. Each member of the group takes turns at being the experimenter, the recorder, and the subject. Administer the four sets of word association tests to the subject in the following manner: Set I Present the stimulus words to each subject and ask them to say the first word that comes to mind. R records the subject’s reaction time and the response word. The average reaction time is computed by adding the reaction time to all the stimulus words and dividing the sum by the number of stimulus words. The yields the individuals’s mean reaction time. Set II Instruct the subjectto write down words which ther associate with each of the different stimulus words given for a period of two minutes. After the test, the number of response words given for stimulus words nos. 11-15 are taken to yield the individual mean for this set. 5

Set III

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 Instruct the subjects to respond to each of the stimulus words with the first word that comes to mind. The response word then serves as the next stimulus word which the subject will respond to with the first word that comes to mind. The subject continues the routine for two minutes for each of the five original stimulus words. The total number of response words given by the subject make up the data for the set. Subject/ Participant The participant or subject for this experiment are administered to third year BS Psychology students of section BS5B. The particular participant that conduct this experiment is composed of three females. In student 1, is a female and 18 years of age. Student 2 is a female and 18 years of age. And lastly, student 3 is a female also and 18 years of age. Results Table I Free Association Test With Sixty Stimulus Words

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Stimulus Word

Response Word

Reaction Time (in seconds)

1. Abuse 2. Middle 3. Lucid

Experimental Psychology Child O.96 s APY 312 BS5B 1.05 s Center First semester, SY 2016-2017 Pop pop 7.65 s

4. Buttocks

Chin

2.13 s

5. Nipple

Boobs

1.66 s

6. Justice

Abuse

1.14 s

L. Intestine

2.32 s

8. Lesson

Science

0.8 s

9. Compact

Measure

1.40 s

10. Obsess

Crush

0.90 s

11. Woman

Me

0.51 s

12. Vocal

Voice

1,05 s

13. Caress

Me

0.51 s

14. Monster

Me

0.75 s

15. Shadow

Regina

1.29 s

16. Deceit

Regina

0.78 s

17. Fortune

Family

1.44 s

18. Honor

Brother

1.12 s

19. Union

Philippines

1.04 s

20. Voodoo

China

0.85 s

21. Corrupt

President

1.69 s

22. Depress

Me

0.72 s

23. Trouble

Friends

1.40 s

24. Mentor

Prof

1.38 s

25. Salute

Parents

1.05 s

26. Mature

Churchmate

8.85 s

27. Ocean

MOA

1.16 s

28. Demon

Evil

1.66 s

29. Legal

Me

1.38 s

30. Temper

Me

0.64 s

31. Master

Brother

0.78 s

7. Organ

7

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 Individual Mean = 1.85 sec Group Mean = 1.63 sec

Table II Free Association With Fifteen Stimulus Words

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Original Stimulus Word

Response Words

Number of Response

1. Father

Love, dabest, salute, cream of the crop, Bernie, life, inspiration, thankful, forever, hardworking, handsome, kind, thoughtful, generous

14

2. Model

Me, myself, I, family, churchmate, parents, siblings, professor, character, lea salonga, God, lolo, lola, beautiful, sexy, hot, respect, salute, adore, fanastic, imagination, inspiration, motivation

23

3. Sexual

Abuse, hate, law, illegal, time, date, parents, Bible, God, Words, thought, lessoned, learned, don’t sex, teenagers, people, person, human, body, private, lust

22

4. Woman

Adore, respect, dignity, standard, loving, caring, tender, mother, sister, self, me, I, beautiful, best, pretty, clothes, make up, bags, shoes, dress, swimsuit,

25

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 dyosa, honor, loved, girl 5. Crazy

Me, myself, I, mind, heart, people, person, you, them, environment, media, generation, body, disorder, happy, sad, lovely hyper, depress, stress, things,love, decision, thought, plans, label, thing to do

27

6. Rmpit

Smell, parts, body, disgusting, obnoxious, bad, odor, hair, acne, wet, good, cute, white, black, brown, external, shve, important, sweat, hole, mode

21

7. Brother

Salute, smart, intelligent, genius, mathematics, prof, perfectionist, right, mad, hardworking, inspiration, motivation, thoughtful, Godly, full of words, father, sibling, older, teacher, handsome, loving, caring, best,

23

8. Envy

Hate, not contented, deceit, thief, problem, people, child, sibling, things, love, everything, bad, sad, not good, don’t, pray, move on, worthless, down, pathetic, disgusting, girls, boys, obnoxious

24

9. Tabe

Stand, writing, sleeping, ballpen, school, things, bag,

28

9

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 notebooks, clothes, dirty, messy, water, bottle, helpful, eyedrop, laptop, wood, brown, blue, white, hard, strong, heavy, pretty, design, past, decorations, black

10

10. Disgust

Obnoxious, disgusting, yuck, pathetic, hate, gross, dirty, messy, you, feelings, emotion, bad, green, temper, reaction, not good, sting, smell.

18

11. Happy

Good, helpful, love, family, travel, country, someone, friends, house, clothes, bags, shoes, things, words, memories, You, me, myself, sweets, chocolates, pizza, burger, fries, bacon, tocino, galaxy, universe, God, relationships, save, adore, salute, joy, happiness, care, tender, hug, girl, boy

39

12. Negro

Black, brown, unfair, discriminate, pity, hardworking, smart, genius, strong, hospitable, loving, caring, sweets, nation, people, tribe, old, generation, hot

19

13. Lady

Woman, girl, eighteen, legal, sweet, respect, adore, fantasize, model, teenager, love, caring, tender,

33

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 fashionista, clothes, dreams, bags, shoes, love, dignity, morality, good, pleasant, simple, hot, sexy, contented, things, mom, sister, me, myself, herself 14. Flower

Hydrangea, tulips, beautiful, calm, relaxed, good smell, decoration, design, gift, sweet, thoughtful, pink, red, white, green, colorful, blck, blue, unique, different, vase, curly, carnation, crhysanthemum, blooming, violet, pleasant, feminist, caring, offer

31

15. Angel

God, child, sweet, love, caring, savior, direction, voice, beautiful, handsome, cute, white, thoughtful, beside, always, halo, feather, wings, clothes, fly, heaven, earth, baby, life, thankful, butterfly

27

Individual Mean = 29 words Group Mean = 27.67 words Table III Partially Controlled Continuous With Original Five Stimulus Words 11

Original Stimulus Word

Response Words and Reaction Time (in seconds)

Number of Responses

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 1. Pearl

12

White (1.10)

Pooh (1.16)

Decent (1.39)

Yellow (1.73)

Mood (1.59)

Sweet (2.01)

Church (1.85)

Mangga (1.88)

Bible (1.59)

Graham (1.66)

God ( 1.36)

Honey (2.63)

Faith (1.56)

Sweet (6.70)

Hope (1.66)

Chocolate (1.59)

Prayer (1.68)

Food (1.30)

Family (1.38)

Pizza (1.59)

Mother (1.80)

Big (1.53)

Father (1.61)

Heart (5.15)

Goodman (3.55)

Love (6.21)

Kuya (4.11)

Cheep (7.41)

Siblings (1.30)

Ocean (0.78)

Ate (1.70)

Blue (1.26)

Clarice (1.96)

Sky (1.35)

Sisters (3.61)

Heaven (2.35)

Marian (2.26)

Angels (8.08)

Vita (1.75)

White (5. 86)

Ruth (1.53)

Feather (2.78)

Me (1.71)

Wings (3.51)

Cute (2.20)

Birds (1.30)

Huggable (2.20)

47

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 2. Fly

3. Egg

13

Aim (0.96)

Looking (5.33)

High (1.16)

Answer ( 2.11)

Dream (1.26)

Question (8.41)

Bird (2.35)

Many (6.73)

Freedom (1.31)

Thoughts (7.37)

Wings (2.80)

Deep (3.66)

Feather (2.28)

Over (1.38)

Butterfly (2.71)

Ocean (2.63)

Beautiful (2.28)

Dark (5.30)

Wonderful (2.10

Light (1.39)

Life (3.23)

Sun (1.78)

Amazing (2.28)

Solar ststem (9.78)

Positive (3.76)

Universe(1.821)

Negative (1.98)

Planets (1.98)

Random (2.10)

Earth (2.05)

Confused (7.88)

People (2.71)

Asking (4.20)

Countries (6.76

Food (0.98)

Ghost (3.20)

Delicious (2,66)

Life (1.73)

Assumptious (2.11)

Friends (2.30)

Dessert (6.46)

Family (1.41)

Graham (1.66)

Relatives (3.33)

Cake (2.6)

Important (5.26)

Chocolates (1.40)

Thing (3.89)

34

33

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 Bread (3.45)

Love (3.08)

Soft (3.80)

God (6.18)

Pillow (3.91)

Faith (5.60)

Bed (1.46)

Prayer (2.16)

Room (1.46)

Hope (1.56)

Cozy (5.36)

Ways (6.61)

Private (5.36)

Direction (7.43)

Room (3.81)

Map (6.88)

House (4.20)

Philippines (2.31) Cities (6.20)

4. Conflict

14

Fight (1.26)

Organ (2.56)

Pain (1.48)

Body (2.56)

Brake (3.13)

Human (1.41)

Wreck(7.31)

Person (2.50)

Ruined (3.00)

Girl (1.96)

Sad (2.56)

Mother (2.40)

Lovely (1.46)

Pretty (3.21)

Emotion (6.33)

Beautiful (2.93)

Happy (1.83)

Sweet (5.06)

Joy (5.73)

Caring (1.00)

Peace (1.71)

Tender (3.10)

Amaze (5.11)

Hug (8.73)

Shock (6.15)

Passionate (5.01)

Palpitate (6.75)

Hot (9.80)

30

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 5. Breeze SET

Student 1

Set 1

1.85 secs.

Set 2

29. 3 words

Heartbeat (2.20)

Temperature (8.56)

Freeze (1.33)

Cute (2.16)

Cold (1.08) Student 2 Sweater(5.86) 1.52 secs Clothes (7.56) Dress (1.51) 30.8 words Shoes (2.34) Bags (1.58)

Set 3

2.46 secs

Reaction time Set 3: Number of responses

2.91 secs Classy (5.43) Simple (3.98)

35.8 words

34 words Elegant (2.01) Royal (2.81)

31

Teddy bear (3.23) Student 3 Group Mean Soft (2.61) 1.52 secs. 4.89 ÷ 3 = White (2.66) 1.63 secs Fluuppy (3.80) 23 words 83.1 ÷ 3 = Marshmallow (3.09) 27.7 words Smores (2.96) 3.11 secs

8.48 ÷ 3 = Pizza (4.86) 2.83 secs Big (1.30)

32.4 words Shape102. 2÷3= (1.95) 34.1 words Star(3.31)

Crown (3.46)

Diamond (1.61)

Princess(3.30)

Crystal (1.68)

Respect (4.96)

Pearl (13.10)

Adore (5.90)

Shine (3.53)

Babies (4.75)

Bright (1.78)

Small (5.90) Reaction Time Individual Mean = 2.46 sec. Group Mean = 2.83 sec. 15

Number of Response Individua Mean = 35. 8 words Group Mean = 34.1 words

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 TABLE IV Comparative Matrix

Discussion In this experiment the results shows that student 2 is the fastest to react and at the same time she is the one who has a lot of responses. We found out that student 2 likes to read books and there’s a study that good readers store more vocabulary words because they expand their ability to know more and one of the technique for you to be able to develop your vocabulary words is through reading in this you will also helping yourself in expressing what you want to say. There are some words that students doesn’t understand the meaning of the word and that’s one of the reason why they take a little long time to answer it quickly. In the research they says your response is depends on your senses. So as what Jung found out that feelings, ideas and experiences are linked together in the unconscious by producing unusual responses. 16 Some of words that the students response was because of what they are feeling at that

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 moment and will reminisce of their experiences. That’s why there are words that it took some time to say because they think of their ideas or experiences. There are some extraneous variables such as environmental noise and place because we only conduct the experiment in our classroom, and simultaneously, you will hear them speaking, so you can’t hear what the word is and you wouldn’t be able to think clear for you to answer the questionnaire as much as possible that’s why you will have some answers that are not associated with the word.

Conclusion In the experiment, the type of association test that elicit a shorter reaction time is the free association test because in the given result Set I got a while the other type of association test that elicit more response words is the partially controlled association test.

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Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017

References

Derman, A., & Eilks, I. (2016), Using a word association test for the assessment of high school students' cognitive structures on dissolution, Chemistry Education Research and Practice, doi: 10.1039/C6RP00084C Kostova,Z., & Radoynovska B.(2008), Word Association Test for Studying Conceptual Structures of Teachers and Students,Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy (BJSEP), Volume 2 Nekah, S.M.A., Akhlaghi, E., & Ebrahimi, S. (2013), An assessment of lexical sense relations based on word association test, European Scientific Journal,ed. vol.9, No.11 ISSN: 1857 – 7881e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Papadopoulos, Renos. "Word Association." International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2016 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3435301577.html

Mary Bernadette M. Lindo RP 18

Student

Dr. Normaliza C. Ramirez, Research Adviser

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017

Appendices I. Free Association Words (60)

19

Abuse

Deceit

Master

napkin

Middle

fortune

Water

vulgar

Lucid

honor

acne

useful

Buttocks

union

expert

twinkle

Nipple

voodoo

suffer

robust

Justice

corrupt

python

infant

Organ

depress

mobile

libel

Lesson

trouble

weather

martyr

Compact

mentor

problem

tender

Obsess

salute

relax

party

Woman

mature

leader

jealous

Vocal

ocean

father

labor

Caress

demon

invest

money

Monster

legal

poetry

lesbian

Shadow

temper

vivid

witness

Experimental Psychology APY 312 BS5B First semester, SY 2016-2017 II. Stimulus Words (15) father

armpit

happy

model

brother

Negro

sexual

envy

lady

woman

table

flower

crazy

disgust

angel

III. Partially Controlled Association (5) -Pearl -Fly -Egg -Conflict -Breeze

20