Experiment 1

http://scinet.dost.gov.ph/union/ShowSearchResult.php?s=2&f=&p=&x=&page=&sid=1&id=KamotepHI&Mtype=PROJECTS This study was conducted to be able to determine if the kamote leaf extract, a proven pH indicator, could be absorbed and dried on paper without the extract losing its ability to change in color upon exposure to different levels of pH. It proposes an improved way of using and storing the kamote extract. The group, after proving the feasibility of kamote pH papers, formulated different laboratory protocols and classroom activities regarding acids and bases that would help teachers in introducing that lesson without wasting expensive commercially available pH papers. Kamote leaf extract was obtained through boiling the kamote tops. This extract was absorbed by filter paper. After drying the filter papers, testing was conducted. The kamote pH papers were cut into strips and submerged into different acids and bases. The results for color alteration were positive. The kamote pH papers turns to neon pink when exposed to acids and it turns to a bright green when submerged in basic solutions. The intensity of the color is decreased as acidity decreases as it also does with bases. Furthermore, the usefulness of the paper is not compromised with time unlike the short shelf-life of liquid extracts. Kamote-pHI paper is very versatile. It is readily reusable for indicating pH of different chemicals and it even has sensitivity to fumes. It should not be disregarded that other plant extracts could be used as a base extract for this pH indicator. This study has, however, been able to prove the ability of the extract to retain its effectivity as a pH indicator even if it is dried in paper. This study was conducted to confirm the potential of kamote leaf extract as an acid-base indicator. This study examines how it is as a pH indicator. The two colors of kamote leaves were used, namely, the green and purple varieties. Whether they have significant differences in the indication level was also investigated. Color alteration was used as a measure of differences in the pH level. Chemicals with known pH levels were treated with samples of both the green and purple leaf extracts, and results were compared with measurements taken with other commercially-used indicators like pH meters and pH papers. Respondents were asked if they saw color changes due to pH in the treated samples, whether the colors were distinguisable, and whether they preferred purple or green. It was found that both varieties produced positive results, with distinguishable color alterations for every pH level. Between the two, however, more people preferred the purple variety, as color changes were more pronounced. The control group is the group that stays the same and is not changed in any way. One group, called the control group, is exposed to all of the circumstances of the experiment but does not get whatever is being tested or changed in the experiment. At the same time, the experimental group gets all of the circumstances of the experiment PLUS the one variable being tested by the experiment.

Ammonia solution, also known as ammonium hydroxide, ammonia water, ammonical liquor,ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or simply ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. Calamansi juice is an acid. It has mild sour taste. sour taste is a characteristic of an acidic property.

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ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, which is a weak base.

To be valid, an experiment must be repeatable. When you conduct an experiment if you don't make careful observations you won't get consistent and reliable results. The scientific method helps make sure results are accurate and precise! - See more at: http://www.chacha.com/question/why-is-it-importantfor-scientists-to-make-careful-observations#sthash.P9J9PtHz.dpuf To get accurate information and explain information better In research, a hypothesis purpose is to make a statement of the expected results of the study being conducted and makes predictions on how to or more contructs will be related. The hypothesis is there to serve as a basis for the study to pose a question that can be tested in future research. Every experiment actually has two hypotheses: the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the default position that there is no relationship between the two things being studied, and the alternative hypothesis is that there is some relationship between them.

To validate an experiments methods and results by allowing independent labs to create a repeatable experiment and achieve the same results. To provide scientific street cred. The hypothesis is your formal idea about how something works. The formal experimental and/or theoretical work you do is in some views your best shot(s) at EITHER disproving that idea and then reformulating a newer hypothesis OR providing evidence which supports all or parts of your original hypothesis and again reformulating(or abandoning) your original hypothesis and starting the cycle over again. I’ve always liked Poppers approach. He says one can only absolutely disprove an idea/hypothesis. One could always provide what are called trivial tests to support an idea and misleadingly give false life to the idea/hypothesis. Hypothesis is there to articulate what is being examined it actually serves to protect against bias. Also, you often end up proving your hypothesis was false for one reason or another. It will give you an overview of the most possible thing that might happen to your experiment in the future. It forces you to formulate what you want to test and so defines your limitation in the experiment.

An experiment is a methodical process that is carried out with the purpose of verifying, establishing or falsifying the validity of a hypothesis. They vary greatly in their goal and scale. However, they always rely on repeatable procedure as well as logical analysis of the results. we need control group as the main comparison to the variables that we would like to test.

Because of the serious risks that are involved in experiments, control groups tend to produce better safer results. With more mind and eyes not

much is missed. You need a control group so you have something to compare experimental group with. No experimental group = No comparison = One-sided piece of the puzzle. That would lead to one's assumption and/or opinion, nothing based on fact. Control groups offer a base with which you base your comparison on so you have proof of degeneration, change, deterioration, erosion, explosion, etc. Comparisons lead to scientific proof and fact vs no control group, no comarison, strictly assumption and opinion.

If you don't know "normal," you can't know what effect the experimented item has. Without a "control" of what is normal, the researcher has no way of knowing whether the tested drug is responsible or whether the subjects of the study are taking something on their own. And this happened the other way: A psychiatrist noticed one of her patients was suddenly doing better than all of the others (who were, therefore, the control group.) Asked about recent changes in his lifestyle, he finally got around to mentioning that he was also taking lithium for a totally unrelated reason. This was how psychiatrists found out that small doses of lithium actually attenuate symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (even tho they've no idea why.) A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled. There are three kinds of variables that you must account for in an experiment. The independent variable is what you change in the experiment. For instance, if you are trying to find out how much magnesium radish plants need to grow, your independent variable might be concentration of magnesium in the nutrient solution. It is important that you have only one independent variable in your experiment. For example, you cannot vary both the magnesium concentration and the temperature conditions of your radish plants. You would not be able to draw reliable conclusions from the experiment if you altered more than one experimental condition. The dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment. Unlike the independent variable, an experiment can have several dependent variables because variations in the independent variable can have many different effects. For example, you might measure length of leaves and weight of roots to assess the growth of radish plants. Dependent variables can include qualitative as well as quantitative data: you might also examine the color of the radish leaves and eat the roots to see how they taste. Such data cannot be measured but is still useful when you describe and compare it. Any other conditions in the experiment are called controlled variables. You must keep these conditions constant for all plants in the experiment. Controlled variables might include light exposure, humidity, pH of solution, ambient noise, etc. If you change these variables, they become independent variables, and remember that you cannot have more than one independent variable in a scientific experiment. In general you can improve an experiment by having many different trials. For instance if you were growing plants and measuring the rate of growth, having as many plants as you can maintain would give a more accurate conclusion. Also, the experiment needs to be repeatable and done by other scientists that get the same results. Easy rules for improving experimental design: The most general approach to improving experimental design is to think about the experiment. What is wrong with it? What could made better? Are there any examples of better designs available online? Do you know any experts who could give you advice? Have

you learned anything in class that would make the experiment better? Follow these easy rules and you will have the best experimental design in your class. Control group is a group that the experimental group is compared to. The experimental group is the group that recieves a treatment or a test and the control group doesn't.