examen final-micro (1).docx

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA MICROBIOLOGIA 2008-I

EXAMEN FINAL Nombre…………………………………………………………………………………….Pte…………………… .Not!……………………………… I.- E"#! "! !"ter$!t#%! &orre&t!' (.-L! )t#"#*!* +r#$&#+!" *e "o, +o,t)"!*o, *e o& e,' !/ I*e$t#&!r I*e$t#&!r 1 &!r!&ter#! &!r!&ter#!rr &"!r!me$te &"!r!me$te ! )$ *eterm#$!*o *eterm#$!*o m#&roor3! m#&roor3!$#,mo $#,mo b/ Demo,tr!r Demo,tr!r 4)e )$! e$5erm e$5erme*!* e*!* e, &!),!*! &!),!*! +or +or )$ m#&roor3!$ m#&roor3!$#,mo #,mo &/ De,!rro""! De,!rro""!rr %!&)$!, %!&)$!, +!r! +!r! e$5erme*!*e, e$5erme*!*e, e,+e&6&!, e,+e&6&!, */ A#,"!r m#&roor3! m#&roor3!$#,mo, $#,mo, ! +!rt#r *e !$#m!"e, !$#m!"e, e$5ermo, e$5ermo, 2.-U$! b!&ter#! e,57r#&! e, re5er#*! &omo' !/ Co&o b/ B!&#"o &/ E,+#r# #r#"o */ Co Co&o &ob! b!&# &#"o "o .-E" !&#*o N-!&et#" m)r9m#&o e,t9 +re,e$te e$ "!, +!re*e, *e' !/ Pro& Pro&!r !r#o #ot! t!,, b/ E)b! E)b!&t &ter er#! #!,, &/ Ar4) Ar4)eo eob! b!&t &ter er#! #!,, */ Gr!m Gr!m $e3 $e3!t !t#% #%!, !, :.-L! e,tr)&t)r! *e" +e+t#*o3")&!$o e$ b!&ter#!, Gr!m +o,#t#%!, ,e *#5ere$&#! *e "!, 3r!m $e3!t#%!, +r#$&#+!"me$te e$' !/ L! &om+o &om+o,#& ,#&#;$ #;$ *e" *e" tetr! tetr! +7+t#* +7+t#*o o b/ .-U$ ,#,tem! ,e$,#b"e !" &o4)e o,m;t#&o )t#"#! !/ L! #*r;"#,#, #*r;"#,#, *e A?P A?P +!r! "! e$tr!*! e$tr!*! *e" *e" $)tr#e$te $)tr#e$te b/ U$! +rote6$! +rote6$! +er# +"!,m9t#&! +"!,m9t#&! e,+e&#&! e,+e&#&! &/ U$ tr!$,+ tr!$,+ort ort!*o !*orr *e membr!$ membr!$! ! */ ?o*!, o*!, @.-Eem+"o, *e )$ #3om#&eto 1 *e )$ !,&om#&eto ,o$ re,+e&t#%!me$te' a) b) c) d)

Muco Mucor; r; Rhizo Rhizopu pus s Penici Penicilliu llium; m; Sacch Saccharo aromyc myces es Rhizop Rhizopus; us; Asp Asperg ergilli illius us Agar Ag aric icus us;; Bolet Boletus us

8.-L! &!+,)"! b!&ter#!$!' !/ Otor3! Otor3! re,#,t re,#,te$&#! e$&#! ! "! 5!3o&#to,#, 5!3o&#to,#, b/ Pro*) Pro*)&e &e +e+t +e+t#*o3 #*o3")& ")&!$o !$o &/ O&)rre O&)rre ,o"o e$ b!&ter# b!&ter#!, !, Gr!m Gr!m +o,#t +o,#t#%!, #%!, */ ?o*!, o*!,

.-U$ m#&roor3!$#,mo !)otro5o e,' !/ A4)e" 4)e ! +er*#*o "! &!+!&#*!* *e ,#$tet#!r *eterm#$!*o $)tr#e$te b/ E" 4)e )t#"#! CO2 &omo $#&! 5)e$te *e &!rbo$o &/ E" 4)e e, &!+! *e &re&er e$ )$ me*#o m6$#mo ,#$ $)tr#e$te, e,+e&6&o, */ B 1 C (0.-L! membr!$! eter$! *e "o, Gr!m $e3!t#%o, +o,ee +rote6$!, &o$ &!$!"e, #*ro"#&o, ""!m!*!, !/ L#+o+rote6$!, b/ F#mbr#!, &/ Prote6$!, +er# +"!,m9t#&!, */ Por#$!, ((.-E" %!"or *e "! !&t#%#*!* *e !3)! A/ e,' !/ M!1or e$ "!, b!&ter#!, b/ M!1or e$ o$3o, 1 "e%!*)r!, &/ D#re&t!me$te +ro+or&#o$!" ! "! +re,#;$ o,m;t#&! */ S#m#"!r e$ o$3o, 1 e$ b!&ter#!, (2.-L! !&&#;$ *e "! ") )"tr!%#o"et! e, &r6t#&! +!r! !/ &#*o, $)&"e#&o, b/ L6+#*o, 1 +rote6$!, &/ R#bo,om!, */ ?o*!, (.-L!, b!&ter#!, etero5erme$t!t#%!, *e3r!*!$ "! 3")&o,! +or "! %#! ….. ! *#5ere$&#! *e "!, $o 5erme$t!t#%!, +ro*)&e$… !/ EMP 3"#&o"#,#,/- !&#*o "9&t#&o b/ E$t$er Do)*oroH- ( A?P &/ Fo,5o&ero"!,!-et!$o" */ De "!, +e$to,!,-!&#*o "9&t#&o (:.-C)!$*o e" !mo$#o ,e e$&)e$tr! e$ !"t! &o$&e$tr!&#;$ e$ e" me*#o e, !,#m#"!*o +or "! %6! 4)e )t#"#! "! e$#m! !/ G")t!m!to *e,#*ro3e$!,! b/ G")t!m#$! ,#$ter!,! &/ G")t!m!to ,#$t!,! */ A"5! &ero3")t!r!to *e,#*ro3e$!*! (=.-Lo, +ro*)&to, *e "! 5erme$t!&#;$ !&#*o m#t! ,o$' !/ b/ &/ */

Et!$o" !& "9&t#&o !& 5;rm#&o CO2 1 2 A& !&7t#&o !& b)t6r#&o !&eto$! b)t!$o" A& ,)&&6$#&o !& "9&t#&o 2 b)t!$o*#o" Et!$o" !& !&7t#&o !& "9&t#&o

(>.-P!r! m!$te$er e" &re&#m#e$to *e )$! b!&ter#! 4)#m#o"#totro5! re4)er#r6!' !/ b/ &/ */

U$ me*#o $)tr#t#%o &o$te$#e$*o 3")&o,! U$ &o$t#$)o ,)+"eme$to *e o#3e$o U$! 5)e$te *e $#tr;3e$o #$or39$#&o M!$te$er e" &)"t#%o ! @JC

(@.-E$ "! 5oto,6$te,#, b!&ter#!$! ,e &)m+"e 4)e' !/ b/ &/ */

E#,te$ *o, t#+o, 5oto,6$te,#, o#3e$#&! 1 !$o#3e$#&!. P)e*e$ )t#"#!r *o, o m9, 5oto,#,tem!, *e re!&&#;$ Co$t#e$e$ &"oro"! 1 +#3me$to, !&&e,or#o, e$ +"!,t#*#o, L!, !rm!&#o$e, ! 1 b

(8.-E$ to*! 5erme$t!&#;$

!/ b/ &/ */

Se +ro*)&e CO2 E" !&e+tor *e e"e&tro$e, e, e" +#r)%!to o )$ *er#%!*o *e e,te Se +ro*)&e NAD ?o*!,

(.-L! ,6$te,#, *e A?P *)r!$te "! re,+#r!&#;$ !$!er;b#&! 1 !er;b#&! ,e re!"#!' !/ b/ &/ */

Por 5o,5or#"!&#o$ ! $#%e" *e ,),tr!to 1 5o,5or#"!&#o$ o#*!t#%! e$ !mb!, So"o +or 5o,5or#"!&#o$ ! $#%e" *e ,),tr!to e$ !mb!, Por 5o,5or#"!&#o$ ! $#%e" *e ,),tr!to 1 5o,5or#"!&#o$ o#*!t#%! re,+e&t#%!me$te So"o +or 5o,5or#"!&#o$ o#*!t#%! e$ !mb!,

20.-E$tre "o, +ro&!r#ot!, "! 5oto,6$te,#, o#3e$#&! e, )$! &!r!&ter6,t#&! *e' !/ b/ &/ */

B!&ter#! +)r+)r! C#!$ob!&ter#! !"ob!&ter#! B!&ter#! %er*e

II.-Diga si es verdadero o falso (V o F) (25 p) • •

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L! re+"#&!&#;$ *e DNA e$ b!&ter#!, e, ! +!rt#r *e %!r#o, or63e$e, *e re+"#&!&#;$ L! +rote6$! ro +re,e$te e$ e" &#to+"!,m! *e "! &e")"!r re&o$o&e )$! ,e&)e$&#! e,+e&#&! e$ e" DNA 1 "! ,6$te,#, *e RNA &o$t#$)! E$ "o, +ro&e,o, *e e,ter#"#!&#;$ e" &!"or me*o e, m9, e&#e$te 4)e e" &!"or ,e&o E$ &7")"!, +ro&!r#ot#*!, 1 e$ e)&!r#ot#&!, e" ADN +re,e$t! %!r#o, or63e$e, *e re+"#&!&#;$ L! B-3!"!&to,#*!,! ,e ,#$tet#! e$ +re,e$&#! *e "!&to,! m#e$tr!, 4)e "!, e$#m!, 4)e ,#$tet#!$ tr#+t;5!$o ,e ,#$tet#! e$ !),e$&#! *e e,te !m#$o9&#*o e$ e" me*#o *e &)"t#%o U$! b!&ter#! 4)e &re&e e$ )$ me*#o 4)e &o$t#e$e 3")&o,! 1 "!&to,! )t#"#! e$ +r#mer ")3!r "! "!&to,! 1 &)!$*o e,t! ,e !3ot! "! b!&ter#! *e! *e &re&er L! +re,e$&#! *e AMP &6&"#&o e, re3)"!*! +or *#5ere$te, $#%e"e, *e 3")&o,! L! tr!$,5orm!&#;$ re4)#ere *e )$! &7")"! &om+ete$te E$ "! &o$)3!&#;$ ,o"o ,e +)e*e tr!$,5er#r +"9,m#*o, L! &o$)3!&#;$ b!&ter#!$! re4)#ere *e )$ +"9,m#*o L!, &7")"!, Fr ,o$ !4)e""!, 4)e $o +re,e$t!$ b)e$ ! re&omb#$!&#;$ 3e$7t#&! E" or*e$ +!r! "! !+"#&!&#;$ *e" DNA e,' !$$e!"#$ ete$,#;$ $!" 1 *e,$!t)r!"#!&#;$ L! #br#*!&#;$ ADN-ADN ,e ),! &omo &r#ter#o !&t)!" *e *e$#&#;$ *e e,+e&#e L! re&A e, )$! +rote6$! #m+ort!$te e$ e" +ro&e,o *e re&omb#$!&#;$ 3e$7t#&! L! tr!$,*)&&#;$ 3e$er!"#!*! e, &)!$*o e" %#r), +ort! 3e$ +or eem+"o *e "! 3!"!&to,! o *e "! b#ot#$! m#e$tr!, 4)e "! e,+e&#!"#!*! e, &)!$*o +ort! &)!"4)#er 3e$ *e "! b!&ter#! L! +!$*em#! e, )$! e+#*em#! !m+"#!me$te *#,tr#b)#*! m#e$tr!, 4)e "! e+#*em#! e, &)!$*o "! e$5erme*!* !t!&! ! )$ b!o $mero *e #$*#%#*)o, L! #$te3r!&#;$ *e" 3!3o "!m*! !" &romo,om! b!&ter#!$o e, )$ t#+o *e re&omb#$!&#;$ ,#t#o e,+e&#&! m#e$tr!, 4)e "! 4)e o&)rre e$ "! me#o,#, e, )$! re&omb#$!&#;$ omo"o3! Lo, %#r), 4)e #$5e&t!$ ! &7")"!, *e m!m65ero, #$1e&t!$ ,o"o ,) !&#*o $)&"e#&o, *e$tro *e "! &7")"! L! "#,o#m! e, )$! e$#m! t!r*6! 4)e ,e 5orm! +re%#o "! "#ber!&#;$ *e "o, $)e%o, %#r#o$e, L! !&#;$ *e $#tr;3e$o e, )$ +ro&e,o 4)e "o re!"#!$ *eterm#$!*!, b!&ter#!, &omo +,e)*omo$!,

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L! *e, $#tr#&!&#;$ e, "! +er*#*! *e $#tr;3e$o ! "! !tmo,5er! m#e$tr!, 4)e "! $#tr#&!&#;$ e, "! &o$%er,#;$ *e" !mo$#o ! $#tr!to, L!, m#&orr#!, ,o$ o$3o, +!t;3e$o, *e +"!$t!, Lo, !rbo"e, "o3e$7t#&o, ,e &o$,tr)1e$ &o$ e" !$9"#,#, *e" (>, r#bo,;m#&o C"o,tr#*#)m bot)"#$#)$ 1 C. tet!$# +ro*)&e$ e$*oto#$!, mort!"e, +!r! e" or3!$#,mo L!, e$*oto#$!, +ro*)&e$ ebre, 1 ,o$ +ro%o&!*!, +or "!, b!&ter#!, Gr!m $e3!t#%!,

III.-Complete los paréntesis

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