Examen de Metodología de La Investigación

 

_LM^OUSMKHK _LM^OUSM KHK SHL TOKUG

M OYH@OL KO @O[GKGFGAÀH KO FH ML^OS[MAHCMÓL ML^OS[MAHCMÓL NOCIH: 8?.4>.54 8) ·Xuí ·Xuí prgco prgcokm` km`mol moltgs tgs g `ít `ítgkg gkgss ol oloo ol cuol cuolth th of mlv mlvos osahk ahkgr gr phrh ostukmhr y hlhfmzhr ulh kotor`mlhkh rohfmkhk7 Of mlvosahkgr ufmzh of `ítgkg cmolncg. 5) ·Ol quí cglsmst cglsmstoo of `ítgk `ítgkg g cmolncg cmolncg y cuèfos sgl sgl fhs oth othphs phs g hsos hsos ol quo so ulkh`olth7 Of `ítg `ítgkg kg cm cmol oln ncg cg os ul cglj cgljul ultg tg ko tè tèc cch chss qu quoo u ufmfmzh zh of ml mlvo vos sah ahkg kgrr o` o`pf pfoh ohkh khss ph phrh rh cgls cglst tum umrr of cglg cglgcm cm`m `mol oltg tg,, y so ulkh`olt ulkh `olthh hf kovol kovolmr mr imstórmcg. imstórmcg. Sus othph othphss ostè ostèl l cg`pu cg`puosth osthss pgr phsgs grkolhkgs fgs cuhfos sgl: h. gesorvhcmó gesorvhcmól: l: So So ch chpth pth of of gejotg gejotg g oló`olg oló`olg.. e. pfhltoh`mo pfhltoh`moltg ltg kof prg prgefo`h: efo`h: h tr trhvís hvís ko proault proaulths hs phrtos phrtos ko fh rohfmkhk gesorvhkh. c. gr`ufhcmól gr`ufhcmól k koo imp impótosms ótosms:: supuost supuostg g quo oxpfmch oxpfmch fg gesorvhk gesorvhkg. g. k. rocgfoc rocgfoccmó cmól l ko khtgs: khtgs: get getolo olorr tgk tgkhh fh mlgr` mlgr`hcm hcmól ól locoshrm locoshrmhh phrh fh mlvosahcmól cmolnch. o. Oxporm`olt Oxporm`olthcmól: hcmól: Kglko Kglko cg`pruoeh cg`pruoehss g rocihzhs rocihzhs fh impótosms. impótosms. . Cglc Cglcfu fusm smól ól:: rosuf osuftthkgs kgs ko fh ml mlvo vossa ahc hcmó mól, l, hf cg`ph g`phrh rhrr impótosms cgl oxporm`olthcmól. a. Cg`u Cg`ulm lmch chcm cmól ól:: kh khss h cglg cglgco corr fg fgss rosu rosuft fthk hkgs gs h trhv trhvís ís ko ul mlgr`o cmolncg. 3) ·Xuí os os fh mlvosahc mlvosahcmól mól cmolnch cmolnch y cu cuèf èf os su nlhfmkh nlhfmkhk7 k7 Os ulh hcvmkhk mltofoctuhf quo ffovh h ul cgljultg ko prgcokm`moltgs o`pàrmcgs y smsto`ècgs quo so hpfmchl h ul ostukmg ko ul oló`olg2 os kmlè`mch, ch`emhlto y ovgfuvh. Su nlhfmkh nlhfmkhk k os koscrm koscrmemr, emr, oxp oxpfmch fmchr, r, mltorp mltorprot rothr hr yh trh trhls lsgr` gr`hr hr fh rohfmkhk ko èroh kotor`mlhkh. ;) Mlkmquo `okmhlto ul osquo`h ol kglko so hprocmo of prgcokm`moltg, quo por`mto hulh mlvosahkgr h kotor`mlhr fh smtuhcmól prgefo`èch pgsmefo mlvosahr, fhffoahr cuhf pgstormgr`olto

 

so puoko gr`ufhr mlvosahcmól.

koemkh`olto cg`g ul prgefo`h ko

?) Uopr Uopros osol olto to `o `okm kmhl hlto to ul os osqu quo` o`hh fh rofh rofhcm cmól ól qu quoo ihy ihy oltr oltroo fh cmolcmh, mlvosahcmól cmolnch, `ítgkg y cglgcm`moltg cmolncgs.  

Nhcmfmth Cmolcmh

     

Olrmquoco

Cglgcm`moltg cmolncg

@ojgrh fh chfmkhk ko vmkh kof `ulkg oltorg

Trgkuco

Mlvosahcmól cmolnch

_fmzh @ítgkg cmolncg

>) Ml Mlkmq kmquo uo `o `okm kmhl hlto to ul oj ojo` o`pfg pfg fh km kmo oro rolc lcmh mh oltr oltroo cg cglg lgcm cm`m `mol oltg tg o`pàrmcg y cglgcm`moltg cmolncg. Ojo`pfg kof cglgcm`moltg o`pàrmcg: hprolkor h cgcmlhr. Ojo`pfg kof cglgcm`moltg cmolncg: of ostukmg ko có`g so geolol fgs prgkuctgs cgl quo cgcmlhs. 1) Mlkmqu kmquoo fh fhss cgl glkm kmcm cmgl glos os m`pg m`pgrt rthl hlttos quo ihco ihcol l vmhe vmhefo fo h ul prgefo`h ko mlvosahcmól.

9) Olcmorro Olcmorro fh fotrh fotrh ^ g N sm fh oxprosmól oxprosmól fh cglsm cglsmkorh korh vorkhkor vorkhkorhh g hfsh:

 

h. Fhs ulmkhk ulmkhkos os ko hlèfmsms hlèfmsms sgl ofo`ol ofo`oltgs tgs gej gejotg otg ko ostu ostukmg kmg ol ulh mlvosahcmól……………………………………………… mlvosahcmól……………………………………………………. ……. (^ g N) e. _l prgefo`h prgefo`h ko mlvos mlvosah ahcmó cmól l cglst cglstuyo uyo fh rospuost rospuosthh h ulh smtuhcmól prgefo`èch porcmemkh……………………………. porcmemkh……………………………. (^ g N) c. Fh ju jus snc nchc hcmó mól l ko koff pr prge gefo fo`h `h ko ml mlvo vos sah ahcm cmól ól cg cgls lst tuy uyoo fh rhzól o m`pgrthlcmh kof prgefo`h ko mlvosahcmól…. (^ g N) k. Fh ro rohf hfmk mkhk hk kof kof pr prge gefo fo`h `h cg cgls lsms msto to ol lg km kmha halg lgs sch chrr of osthkg hctuhf ol of quo so olcuoltrh ulh rohfmkhk gejovh (^ g N) =) Ol chkh ulg ko fgs sma mau umoltos prgefo`hs ko mlvosahcmól gr`ufhkgs h cglluhcmól, kotor`mlhr: _lmkhkos ko hlèfmsms, pg ko mlvos mlvosahc ahcmól, mól, lmv lmvof of ko mlvos mlvosahc ahcmól mól,, vhrmhe vhrmhefos fos,, cfhsmn cfhsmnchr chr fhs vhrmhefos mkolnchkhs y fgs gejovgs ko fh mlvosahcmól: h. ·Cuèf os os fh rofhcmól rofhcmól oltro oltro fgs lmvofos lmvofos ko iu`okhk iu`okhk y fh cchfmkh hfmkhk k koff Tr ko Trgc gcos osg g Cg Cgls lstr truc ucv vg g ko fh fhss vmvm vmvmol olkh khss ko Fgs Fgs Tm Tmlg lgssCim`egto7 e. hkmcmglhlkg ·Ol ·Ol qu quíí `okmk `okmkh hf ofhegr ofhe grhr hrko kmsoøg kmso øgss koko `ozc `ozcfh fh ko cglc rotg tg ofh?% y 84% colmzhs chøh ko cglcro eh`eú, `ojgrhrè fh rosmstolcmh h fh cg`prosmól, ol cg`phrhcmól h cglcrotgs cglvolcmglhfos7 84)) Ml 84 Mlkm kmqu quoo có có`g `g so ro rohf hfmz mzhh of pr prgc gcok okm` m`mo molt ltg g ko km kmsc scus usmó mól l ko fg fgss rosufthkgs getolmkgs ol ulh mlvosahcmól. 88)) Ol ulh 88 ulh ml mlvvosa osahc hcmó mól l cmo mol lnc nchh cu cuèf èf os fh m`pg m`pgrt rthhlc lcmh mh quo roprosolthl fgs hltocokoltos y of `hrcg roorolcmhf cgrrospglkmoltos. Fh m`pg m`pgrt rthl hlcm cmhh ko hlto hltoco coko kolt ltoo rhkmc rhkmchh ol quo quo lg lgss sm smrv rvoo cg cg`g `g roo rooro rolc lcmh mh ph phrh rh aumhr umhrlg lgss ol of to`h o`h h trhth rhthr, r, lg lgss hy hyuk ukhh h osthemfmzhr fh mlvosahcmól pgr `okmg ko ehsos cgl hrau`oltgs sófmkgs. [molo pgr nlhfmkhk oxpglor fg quo so ih iocig ihsth of `g`oltg phrh oscfhrocor of oló`olg gejotg ko mlvosahcmól. Jusnchcmól: Cglstuyo fh rhzól g `gvg o m`pgrthlcmh kof to`h h sor mlvosahkg. Ol su ofhegrhcmól koeorè mlcfumrso of eoloncmg sgcmhf o mltorís cmolncg quo trhoràh of ostukmg kof `ms`g, os kocmr, su hpgr hpgrto to gr grmo molt lthk hkg g h fh cg`u cg`ulm lmkh khk, k, cglt cglthe hemfm mfmkh khk, k, prgc prgcos osgs gs cglthefos, o`prosh, ulmvorsmkhk, otc.

 

85) Cg`pfothr Cg`pfothr fgs os osphcmgs phcmgs ol efhlcg efhlcg ko fgs roctèla roctèlaufgs ufgs ko fh mzqumorkh mzqumorkh y rofhcmglh cgl ulh ocih hf roctèlaufg ko fh korocih quo fo koeo cgrrospglkor. Gesorvhcmól

Os of prm`or phsg kof `ítgkg cmolncg

oxpmrm`olthcmól

Cgljultg ko phsgs grkolhkgs quo lgs

Lmvof ko mlvosahcmól Olgquo ko mlvosahcmgl

ffovh h ulh cglcfusmól Hfchlco y prgulkmkhk ko ulh mlvosahcmól cmolnch Cgltoxtg tgthf ko ulh mlvosahcmól

83) ·Cuèfos ·Cuèfos sgl fgs prgcokm` prgcokm`moltg moltgss kof `ítgkg `ítgkg cmolncg7 cmolncg7 h. geso gesorv rvhc hcmó mól: l: So chpt chpthh ooff ge gejo jotg tg g ol oló` ó`ol olg. g. e. pfhlt pfhltoh oh`m `mol oltg tg ko koff prgef prgefo` o`h: h: h trhv trhvís ís ko p pro roau ault lths hs phrt phrtos os ko fh rohfmkhk gesorvhkh. c. gr`uf gr`ufhcm hcmól ól ko imp impóto ótosms sms:: sup supuos uostg tg quo oxp oxpfmc fmchh fg fg geso gesorvh rvhkg. kg. k. ro rocg cgfoc foccm cmól ól ko khtg khtgs: s: ge geto tolo lorr tgk tgkhh fh ml mlgr gr`h `hcm cmól ól loco locosh shrm rmhh phrh fh mlvosahcmól cmolnch. o. Oxporm` Oxporm`olt olthcm hcmól: ól: Kgl Kglko ko cg`pru cg`pruoeh oehss g roc rocihz ihzhs hs fh impó impótos tosms. ms. . Cglcfusmól: rosufthkgs ko fh mlvosahcmó mól l, hf cg`phrhr impótosms cgl oxporm`olthcmól. a. Cg`u Cg`ulm lmch chcm cmól ól:: khs h cgl cglgc gcor or fgs fgs ros rosuf ufth thkg kgss h trhv trhvís ís ko ul mlgr`o cmolncg. 8;) ·Cuèfos ·Cuèfos sgl fhs phrtos phrtos ko ul prgyoctg prgyoctg ko mlv mlvosah osahcmól7 cmól7 Ml Mlkmquo kmquo fhs kmorolcmhs oltro offhs. 8?) Mlkmqu Mlkmquoo pgr pgrquo quo sgl m`pgrt m`pgrthlt hltos os fgs hltocok hltocokolt oltos os quo usto ustok k ih cglsmkorhkg ol su prgyoctg ko mlvosahcmól. 8>)) Mlkmq 8> lkmquo uo fh km kmor orol olcm cmhh olt oltro ro:: [m [mpg pg ko ml mlvvos osa ahc hcmó mól, l, lmvof mvof ko mlvosahcmól y olgquo ko mlvosahcmól. -[mpgs ko mlvosahcmól: Cglstuyo of cgltoxtg tgthf kof prgcosg ko mlvos mlv osahc ahcmól mól,, ol kgl kglko ko of mlvos mlvosahk ahkgr gr eus euschr chrèè kotor` kotor`mlh mlhrr fh ufmkhk quo of mlvosahkgr khrè h fgs rosufthkgs quo olcuoltro of

 

mlvosahkgr ol kmcig prgcosg. [mpg ko mlvosahcmól hfaulhs sgl `ès rmagrgshs.   -Os fh prgulkmkhk g rmaurgsmkhk quo of mlvosahkgr kosoh ffoahr ol ul prgcosg ko mlvosahcmól, ko hcuorkg h fhs grthfozhs quo pgsoo. Of lmvof ko mlvosahcmó mlvosahcmól l fg kotor kotor`mlh `mlh of mlvosahkg mlvosahkgr, r, trhthlkg ko rospglkor h fhs mltorrgahltos: ·Ihcmh kólko so qumoro ffoahr7 ·Xuí hspoctgs so qumorol hegrkhr ol of prgcosg7 ·Cuèf os fh `oth quo so qumoro fgarhr7 -  Olgquos: So ehsh ol ul `ms`g arupg ko ostukmg hf cuhf so cgltrgfh of cg`pgrth`moltg ko fh vhrmhefo prmlcmphf kof ostukmg (kopolkmolto) hltos y kospuís ko iheorso hpfmchkg of os`ufg h fh vhrmhefo mlkopolkmolto (x), smo`pro cgl of crmtormg quo fh vhrmhefo mlkopolkmolto surmó ul ch`emg g `hlmpufhcmól ol su ostructurh. 81) Mlkmquo Mlkmquo of prgcokm`mol prgcokm`moltg tg quo ustok ustok tuvg ol cuolth cuolth phrh mkol mkolnchr nchr su smtu smtuhc hcmó mól l pr prge gefo fo`è `èc chh cgrr cgrros ospg pglk lkmo molt lto. o. Nulk Nulkh` h`íl ílto tofg fg hkocuhkh`olto. 89)) ·Cuè 89 ·Cuèff os fh `íku `íkufh fh y nl nlhf hfmk mkhk hk ko su ml mlvo vos sah ahcm cmól ól cm cmol oln nch ch77 Nulkh`íltofg hkocuhkh`olto. 8=)) Ol chkh 8= chkh ulg ulg ko fgs fgs sm smau aumo molt ltos os prg prgef efo` o`hs hs ko ml mlvo vossa ahc hcmó mól l gr`ufhkgs h cglluhcmól, kotor`mlhr: _lmmkhko _l khkoss ko hlè lèfm fmssms ms,, pg pg ko ml mlvo vos sah ahcm cmól ól,, lm lmvo voff ko mlvos mlv osahc ahcmól mól,, vhrmhe vhrmhefo fo g vhr vhrmhe mhefos fos,, cfhsmn cfhsmnchr chr fhs vhr vhrmhe mhefos fos mkolnchkhs: h. ·Cuèf os os fh rofhcmól rofhcmól oltro fh chfmkhk chfmkhk kof suofg y fgs lm lmvofos vofos ko iu`okhk ol of prgcosg cglstrucvg ko fhs vmvmolkhs ko fgs Tmlgs-Cim`egto7 

[mpg ko mlvosahcmól mlvosahcmól os susth susthlvh, lvh, lmvof ko mlvosahcmól mlvosahcmól oxpf ox pfgr grht htgr grmg mg,, ulmk ulmkhk hkos os ko hl hlèf èfms msms ms vo volk lkrà ràhh ihco ihcorr of ostukmg ko suofg. e.

·Ol quí `okmkh hf kmsoøhr ul cglcrotg ufmzhlkg colmzhs ko igjhs ko `hàz `ojgrhrè fh rosmstolcmh h fh cg`prosmól ol cg`phrhcmól h ul kmsoøg cglvolcmglhf7