Examen 2

 

JQB@JG; Urjdugtb 2 _jibkfhgj ihs sfdufjgtjs khgtjgfchs khg ihs khgkjpths khrrjkths= Ib thtbifcbc cj ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg sj rjbifzb sfg ib prjsjgkfb pjrshgbi cji/hs fgcfvfcuh/s fgcfvfcuh /s jgkbrdbch/s cj ib djsthràb djsthràb y cfrjkkfûg, cfrjkkfûg, jg ji jspbkfh chgcj tfjgj iudbr  ib bktfvfcbc djstfhgbcb y cfrfdfcb. Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg gh-prjs Jqufvbijgtj b ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj rjbifzb `jcfbgtj ihs sfdufjgtjs chs bspjkths cj nhr`b fgcfshiuoij= • [j khgsfduj khgsfduj quj ihs prhkjshs, ihs rjkurshs= tækgfkhs, tækgfkhs, ihs prhcukths prhcukths y/h sjrvfkfhs sjbg cfdftbifzbchs y jstboijkfchs jg rjc= hgifgj ‖. • Cj nhr`b f`piàkftb sj khgsfduj quj ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg sj rjbifkj `jcfbgtj djstfûg sfg cfstbgkfbs (gf nàsfkbs gf psfkhiûdfkbs). Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg vfrtubi Jqufvbijgtj b ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj cfvfcj jg pbrtj cj ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj rjbifzb fg sftu `âs pbrtj cj ib djstfûg quj sj rjbifzb sfg jstbr fg sftu '. Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg sj`f-pr  Jqufvbijgtj b ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj rjbifzb ‑ fgsftu ‖. Uhr tbgth, pujcj cjkfrsj quj js ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg khgvjgkfhgbi, ib quj sj rj rjbif bifzb zb `jcfb `jcfbgt gtj j ib prjsj prjsjgk gkfb fb pjrsh pjrshgbi gbi cji/h cji/hs s fgcfv fgcfvfcu fcuh/s h/s jgkb jgkbrdb rdbch ch/s /s cj ib djsthràb y cfrjkkfûg, jg ji jspbkfh chgcj tfjgj iudbr ib bktfvfcbc djstfhgbcb y cfrfdfcb. Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg prjsjgk Ib rjspujstb khrrjktb js= Ib thtbifcbc cj ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg sj rjbifzb sfg ib prjsjgkfb pjrshgbi cji/hs fgcfvfcuh/s jgkbrdbch/s cj ib djsthràb y cfrjkkfûg, jg ji jspbkfh chgcj tfjgj iudbr ib bktfvfcbc djstfhgbcb y cfrfdfcb. ↟ Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg gh-prjsj gh-p rjsjgkfb gkfbi, i, Jqufvbijgtj b ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj rjbifzb `jcfbgtj ihs sfdufjgtjs chs bspjkths cj nhr`b fgcfshiuoij= • [j khgsfduj khgsfduj quj ihs prhkjshs, ihs rjkurshs= tækgfkhs, tækgfkhs, ihs prhcukths prhcukths y/h sjrvfkfhs sjbg cfdftbifzbchs y jstboijkfchs jg rjc= ‑hgifgj ‖. • Cj nhr`b f`piàkftb sj khgsfduj quj ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg sj rjbifkj `jcfbgtj vfrtubi,   djstfûg sfg cfstbgkfbs (gf nàsfkbs gf psfkhiûdfkbs). ↟ Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg vfrtubi, Jqufvbijgtj b ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj cfvfcj jg pbrtj cj ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj rjbifzb ‑ fg sftu ‖ `âs pbrtj cj ib djstfûg quj sj rjbifzb sfg jstbr ‑ fg sftu'. ↟ Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg sj`fprjsjgkfbi, sj`fprjsjgkfbi , Jqufvbijgtj b ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg quj sj rjbifzb ‑ fg sftu ‖. Uhr tbgth, pujcj cjkfrsj quj js ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg khgvjgkfhgbi, ib quj sj rj rjbif bifzb zb `jcfb `jcfbgt gtj j ib prjsj prjsjgk gkfb fb pjrsh pjrshgbi gbi cji/h cji/hs s fgcfv fgcfvfcu fcuh/s h/s jgkb jgkbrdb rdbch ch/s /s cj ib djsthràb y cfrjkkfûg, jg ji jspbkfh chgcj tfjgj iudbr ib bktfvfcbc djstfhgbcb y cfrfdfcb. ↟ Djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg prjsjgkfbi

 

Urjdugtb ; [jòbij kuâijs cj ibs sfdufjgtjs bnfr`bkfhgjs rjibkfhgbcbs khg ji khgkjpth cj Djstf Dj stfûg ûg sfg Cfstb Cfstbgk gkfbs fbs jg ji â`ofth â`ofth cj ib djstf djstfûg ûg y cfrjk cfrjkkf kfûg ûg cj prhyj prhyjkth kths s y j`prjsbs, shg vjrcbcjrbs h nbisbs= Ib Djstfûg sfg Cfstbgkfbs pujcj sjr cjnfgfcb kh`h= [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. Ib tækgfkb quj pjr`ftj hrdbgfzbr ibs bkkfhgjs quj fgtjgtbg khgsjdufr ji rjsuitbch cji cfsjòh prhyjktbch kubgch sj sbivbg cfstbgkfbs djhdrânfkbs y/h psfkhiûdfkbs jg cfkabs bkkfhgjs jg cfkabs bkkfhgjs. ^J_CBCJ_B. o. Ib tækgfkb quj pjr`ftj hrdbgfzbr ibs bkkfhgjs quj fgtjgtbg khgsjdufr ji rjsuitbch cji cfsjòh prhyjktbch kubgch sj sbivbg cfstbgkfbs djhdrânfkbs. k. Ib tækgfkb quj pjr`ftj hrdbgfzbr ibs bkkfhgjs quj fgtjgtbg khgsjdufr ji rjsuitbch cjii cfsjò cj cfsjòh h pr prhyj hyjkt ktbc bch h kubg kubgch ch sj sbivb sbivbg g cfstb cfstbgkf gkfbs bs psfkh psfkhiûd iûdfkb fkbs s jg cfkab cfkabs s bkkfhgjs. c. Ib tækgfkb quj pjr`ftj hrdbgfzbr ibs bkkfhgjs quj fgtjgtbg khgsjdufr ji rjsuitbch cji cfsjòh prhyjktbch kubgch sj sbivbg cfstbgkfbs phiàtfkbs. Ib rjspujs rjspujstb tb khrrjkt khrrjktb b js= Ib tækgfkb tækgfkb quj pjr`ftj pjr`ftj hrdbgfz hrdbgfzbr br ibs bkkfhgjs bkkfhgjs quj fgtjgtbg khgsjdufr ji rjsuitbch cji cfsjòh prhyjktbch kubgch sj sbivbg cfstbgkfbs djhdrânfkbs y/h psfkhiûdfkbs jg cfkabs bkkfhgjs jg cfkabs bkkfhgjs.

Ibs j`prjsbs abg khgstrufch ug `brkh cj `bcurjz cj ihs prhkjshs cj shntwbrj   Ruj Ruj cjskr cjskrfoj foj ug kb`fg kb`fgh h cj jvhiu jvhiukfû kfûg g cj ihs prhkj prhkjsh shs s bc ahk ahk prjvfb prjvfb`jg `jgtj tj jx jxfst fstjgt jgtjs js abkfb abkfb prhkjs prhkjshs hs cj shntw shntwbrj brj cfskf cfskfpif pifgb gbchs chs.. [fg jstj jstj `brkh, `brkh, ihs prhdrb`bs cj `jmhrb sjrâg fgjnjktfvhs, yb quj ihs nugcb`jgths gjkjsbrfhs pbrb shphrtbr ib `jmhrb sukjsfvb, gh abg sfch jstboijkfchs. [j [jdý dýg g ih sj jx jxpu pujs jsth th bgtj bgtjrf rfhr hr`j `jgt gtj, j, kuâi kuâi h jgugkfbch= ku kuâi âijs js cj’Urhkjsh ibs ibs kb kbtj tjdh dhrà bs quj quj quj sj `ujstrbg, khrrjsphgcj khg ji sfdufjgtj cjràbs djstfûg cjoj khgtj`pibr khgtj`pibr ib djstfûg djstfûg cj thchs ihs jij`jgths jij`jgths shntwbrj shntwbrj cji prhyjkth, prhyjkth, bsà kh kh`h `h cj ib chku chku`j `jgt gtbk bkfû fûg g bshk bshkfb fbcb cb bi `f `fs` s`h. h. _jqu _jqufj fjrj rj cj ib byuc byucb b cj ajrrb`fjgtbs quj buth`btfkjg jg drbg `jcfcb ji prhkjsh". [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. Jstf`bkfûg cj prhyjkths. o. Djstfûg cj rjqujrf`fjgths. k. Djstfûg cj ib khgnfdurbkfûg. KH__JKS  B. c.

 

[jduf`fjgth cji prhyjkth. Ib rjspujstb khrrjktb js= Djstfûg cj ib khgnfdurbkfûg.

Urjdugtb 3 Ihs [SDC kh`jrkfbi pjr`ftjg ib djstfûg y cfrjkkfûg cji `brljtfgd y ibs vjgtbs cj ib j`prjsb jg ug jgthrgh cj fgtjdrbkfûg jg quj sj pujcb kbptbr ibs gjkjsfcbcjs gjkjsfcbcjs cj ihs kifjgtjs, sjrvfrij prhcukths y sjrvfkfhs quj sj bmustjg b sus cjsjhs y kh`jrkfbifzbrihs jg ug `jrkbch dihobifzbch. Jgtrj ihs prfgkfpbijs [SDC kh`jrkfbi quj sj `ujstrbg b khgtfgubkfûg, kuâi cj jiihs sj jgkbrdb cj cbr jgtrbcb, prhkjsbr y rjdfstrbr pjcfchs. [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. Urhkjsb`fjgth cj pjcfchs. KH__JKSB. o.  Bgâifsfs cji `jrkbch. `jrkbch. k.  Bgâifsfs cj nfmbkfûg nfmbkfûg cj prjkfhs. prjkfhs. c. Urhgûstfkh cj tjgcjgkfbs cj vjgtbs. _jspujstb khrrjktb Ib rjspujstb khrrjktb js= Urhkjsb`fjgth cj pjcfchs. Cj ihs sfdufjgtjs jgugkfbchs, sjòbij kuâi sj khrrjsphgcj khg ji khgkjpth cj Fgpibkj`jgt = [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. [jrvfkfh cfrfdfch b ib oýsqujcb cj ug pujsth bitjrgbtfvh cjgtrh cj ib kh`pbòàb, jvbiubgch kh`pjtjgkfbs cj æxfth jg ib gujvb phsfkfûg. KH__JKSB. o. [j bpifkb kubgch gh aby rjihkbifzbkfûg cj pjrshgbi. _jspujstb khrrjktb Ib rjspujstb khrrjktb js= [jrvfkfh cfrfdfch b ib oýsqujcb cj ug pujsth bitjrgbtfvh cjgtrh cj ib kh`pbòàb, jvbiubgch kh`pjtjgkfbs cj æxfth jg ib gujvb phsfkfûg. Urjdugtb > Jg rjibkfûg khg ji tær`fgh Khshurkfgd, fgcfquj sf ibs sfdufjgtjs bnfr`bkfhgjs shg vjrcbcjrbs h nbisbs= Ji tær`fgh tær`fgh khshurkfgd khshurkfgd gh js jqufvbijgtj jqufvbijgtj bi cj jxtjrgbifzbk jxtjrgbifzbkfûg fûg j fgtjrgbifzbkfûg fgtjrgbifzbkfûg ihkbifzbcb. NBI[B

 

Ji khshurkfgd gh utfifzb rjkurshs prhpfhs y cj tjrkjrhs. B cfnjrjgkfb cji Hutshurkfgd, h tjrkjrfzbkfûg, quj khgsfstj jg ib khgtrbtbkfûg cj sjrvfkfhs jspjkfbifzbchs jxtjrghs. NBI[B Urhkjsh quj sj obsb jg ib khibohrbkfûg khibohrbkfûg jgtrj ihs rjkurshs fgtjrghs y ihs jxtjrghs cj ib j`prjsb khg vfstbs b cjsbrrhiibr y hptf`fzbr ibs tbrjbs `âs sûifcbs cjgtrh cj ib `fs`b. ^J_CBCJ_B Gh prjtjgcj quj ib j`prjsb prjstbchrb prjstbchrb cji sjrvfkfh kh`pbrtb kh`pbrtb rfjsdhs khg bqujiib quj ib khgtrbtû. NBI[B _jspujstb khrrjktb Ib rj rjsp spuj ujst stb b kh khrr rrjk jktb tb js= js= Ji tær` tær`fg fgh h khsh khshur urkf kfgd gd gh js jquf jqufvb vbij ijgt gtj j bi cj jxtjrgbifzbkfûg j fgtjrgbifzbkfûg ihkbifzbcb. ↟ NBI[B, Ji Khshur Khshurkfg kfgd d gh utfifzb utfifzb rjkursh rjkurshs s prhp prhpfhs fhs y cj tjrkjrh tjrkjrhs. s. B cfnjr cfnjrjgk jgkfb fb cji cji Hutsh Hu tshurk urkfgd fgd , h tjrkj tjrkjrfz rfzbkf bkfûg ûg,, quj quj khgsf khgsfst stj j jg ib khgtr khgtrbtb btbkfû kfûg g cj sjrvfk sjrvfkfhs fhs jspjkfbifzbchs jxtjrghs. ↟NBI[B, ↟NBI[B, Urhkjsh quj sj obsb jg ib khibohrbkfûg khibohrbkfûg jgtrj ihs rjkurshs fgtjrghs y ihs jxtjrghs cj ib j`prjsb khg vfstbs b cjsbrrhiibr y hptf`fzbr ibs tbrjbs `âs sûifcbs cjgtrh cj ib `fs`b. ↟ ^J_CBCJ_B, ^J_CBCJ_B, Gh prjtjgcj quj ib j`prjsbprjstbchrb cji sjrvfkfh kh`pbrtb rfjsdhs khg bqujiib quj ib khgtrbtû. ↟ NBI[B Urjdugtb 4 Ki Kibs bsfn fnfq fquj uj ibs ibs bnfr bnfr`b `bkf kfhg hgjs js quj quj sj jgug jgugkf kfbg bg b khgt khgtfg fgub ubkf kfûg ûg,, sj sjdý dýg g sjbg sjbg vjrcbcjrbs h nbisbs= Ib hnf`âtfkb gh sj hkupb cj ib `jkbgfzbkfûg h fgnhr`btfzbkfûg cj tbrjbs. ^J_CBCJ_B Ib hnf`âtfkb sj hkupb cj ib `jkbgfzbkfûg h fgnhr`btfzbkfûg cj tbrjbs sfgh cj ib rjnhr`uibkfûg cj nugkfhgjs, tbrjbs, y prhkjshs hrfjgtbcb b su rjbifzbkfûg fgtjdrbi `jcfbgtj NBI[B ug sfstj`b khgmugth cj `âqufgbs y pjrshgbs hrdbgfzbcbs. Ib hnf`âtfkb sj hkupb cj ib `jkbgfzbkfûg h fgnhr`btfzbkfûg cj tbrjbs. NBI[B Ib hnf`âtfkb kh`h kfjgkfb gh sj hkupb cji jstucfh, bgâifsfs y cfsjòh cj ihs sfstj`bs hnf`âtfkhs jg su choij vjrtfjgtj, tjkghiûdfkhs y bc`fgfstrbtfvb. NBI[B _jspujstb khrrjktb Ib rj rjsp spuj ujst stb b kh khrr rrjk jktb tb js= js= Ib hnf` hnf`ât âtfk fkb b gh sj hkup hkupb b cj ib `jkb `jkbgf gfzb zbkf kfûg ûg h fgnhr`btfzbkfûg cj tbrjbs. ↟ ^J_CBCJ_B,  ^J_CBCJ_B,  Ib hnf`âtfkb sj hkupb cj ib `jkbgfzbkfûg h fgnhr`btfzbkfûg cj tbrjbs sfgh cj ib rjnhr`uibkfûg cj nugkfhgjs, tbrjbs, y prhkjshs hrfjgtbcb b su rjbifzbkfûg fgtjdrbi `jcfbgtj ug sfstj`b khgmugth cj `âqufgbs y pjrshgbs hrdbgfzbcbs. ↟ NBI[B,

 

Ib hnf`âtfkb sj hkupb cj ib `jkbgfzbkfûg h fgnhr`btfzbkfûg cj tbrjbs. ↟ NBI[B, Ib hnf`âtfkb kh`h kfjgkfb gh sj hkupb cji jstucfh, bgâifsfs y cfsjòh cj ihs sfstj`bs hnf`âtfkhs jg su choij vjrtfjgtj, tjkghiûdfkhs y bc`fgfstrbtfvb. ↟ NBI[B Urjdugtb 1 Fgcfquj kuâijs cj ibs sfdufjgtjs vjgtbmbs shg kh`pbtfoijs khg ib gbturbijzb cji Hutshurkfgd = [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. @jmhrb ji rjgcf`fjgth hrdbgfzbkfhgbi b trbvæs cj ugb `byhr prhcuktfvfcbc, `jmhr  kbifcbc, jgtrjdbs `âs khgnfboijs y b tfj`ph, kfkihs cj tfj`ph `âs râpfchs, `jmhrb`fjgth cj ib utfifzbkfûg cj ihs rjkurshs, `byhr cfsphgfofifcbc y `byhr  rjgcf`fjgth. KH__JKSB. o. Srbgsnfjrj ji khstj cj ihs j`pijbchs (fgkiuyjgch ihs ojgjnfkfhs quj phr ijy sj ijs hthrdb) y ihs dbsths djrjgkfbijs bi prhvjjchr  . k. F`pfcj ib khgvjrsfûg cj ihs khstjs nfmhs jg khstjs vbrfboijs. c. @fgf`fzb ibs fgvjrsfhgjs jg jqufphs, fgvjgtbrfhs, pjrshgbi, jgtrj htrhs, if`ftbgch su ush pbrb htrhs prhpûsfths. _jspujstb khrrjktb Ib rjspujstb khrrjktb js= @jmhrb ji rjgcf`fjgth hrdbgfzbkfhgbi b trbvæs cj ugb `byhr prhcuktfvfcbc, prhcuktfvfcbc, `jmhr kbifcbc, jgtrjdbs `âs khgnfboijs y b tfj`ph, kfkihs cj tfj`p tfj `ph h `âs râ râpfc pfchs, hs, `jm `jmhr hrb`f b`fjg jgth th cj ib utf utfifz ifzbk bkfûg fûg cj ih ihs s rjk rjkurs urshs, hs, `by `byhr  hr  cfsphgfofifcbc y `byhr rjgcf`fjgth. rjgcf`fjgth . _jibkfhgj ji â`ofth cj hpjrbkfûg cj ib Djstfûg sfg Cfstbgkfbs khg ib bitjrgbtfvb khrrjktb= [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. Khhpjrbkfûg, Hutshurkfgd, Hnnsahrj, tjijtrbobmh y hutpibkj`jgt/fgpibkj`jgt. KH__JKSB o. Urjsjgkfbi, sj`f-prjsjgkfbi, gh-prjsjgkfbi y vfrtubi. k. Khhpjrbkfûg y Hutshurkfgd . c. Khhpjrbkfûg, Hutshurkfgd , Urjsjgkfbi, sj`f-prjsjgkfbi, gh-prjsjgkfbi y vfrtubi. _jspujstb khrrjktb Ib rjspujstb khrrjktb js= Khhpjrbkfûg, Hutshurkfgd, Hnnsahrj, tjijtrbobmh y

 

hutpibkj`jgt/fgpibkj`jgt. Urjdugtb 24 Ihs [SDC cj rjkurshs au`bghs pjr`ftjg iijvbr b kboh ji rjdfstrh cj suosfstjgkfb y ji sjduf`fjgth cji pjrshgbi cj ib j`prjsb. Bidugbs cjstbkbcbs ajrrb`fjgtbs quj pjr`ftjg khgnhr`br [SDC cj rjkurshs au`bghs shg= Hrbkij Ujhpijshnt Jgtjrprfsj Au`bg Kbpftbi @bgbdj`jgt (AK@), `y[BU Au`bg _jshurkjs (A_) y @jtb3 UjhpijGjt lsystj`s . ¸Uujcj fgcfkbr kuâijs cj ibs sfdufjgtjs bitjrgbtfvbs cj bspjkths khrrjsphgcjg b @jtb3 UjhpijGjt lsystj`s8 [jijkkfhgj ugb= b. [hiukfûg quj pjr`ftj b ibs j`prjsbs tjgjr ugb jstrbtjdfb dihobi pbrb bprhvjkabr  thch ji vbihr cj ihs j`pijbchs cj ugb hrdbgfzbkfûg. AK@ pjr`ftj khihkbr b ibs pjrshgbs bcjkubcbs jg ihs pujsths fcûgjhs, prh`hkfhgbr y rjkh`pjgsbr b ihs `jmh `j mhrj rjs, s, kh khgs gsjr jrvb vbrr ji tbij tbijgt gth h b ibrd ibrdh h pibz pibzh h j fgkr fgkrj` j`jg jgtb tbrr ib jnfk jnfkbk bkfb fb y ji rjgcf`fjgth hpjrbtfvh cj thcb ib j`prjsb. o. [hiukfûg pjr`ftj, `jcfbgtj sus khrrjsphgcfjgtjs `ûcuihs, jgtrj htrbs nugkfhgbifcbcjs, ibs sfdufjgtjs= Djstfûg cj ib hrdbgfzbkfûg j`prjsbrfbi< Djstfûg cj pjrshgbi< _jkiutb`fjgth< Cjsbrrhiih cj pjrshgbi< Djstfûg cj ib nhr`bkfûg< Djstfûg cj ibs rj`ugjrbkfhgjs< Djstfûg cj ihs khstjs cj pjrshgbi< Djstfûg cj gû`fgbs y Djstfûg cj kbrrjrbs. k. [hiukfûg pjr`ftj, `jcfbgtj sus khrrjsphgcfjgtjs `ûcuihs, jgtrj htrbs nugkfh nug kfhgb gbifc ifcbc bcjs, js, ibs sfdufj sfdufjgtj gtjs= s= Djstf Djstfûg ûg cji cji kbpftb kbpftbii au`bg au`bgh< h< [jijk [jijkkfû kfûg g cj pjrshgbi< Djstfûg Djs tfûg cj gû`fgbs gû`fgbs