Exam Guidance and Instructions 2020

 

 

Jxod buhaofij ofa hfstruithnfs Yjptjdgjr 7373 jxods Pjrshnf; ?.9

 

Sobj 7/?? Sobj 7/?? 

 

Inftjfts   Inftjfts  .................................................................................................................. ....... 9  Hfstruithnfs `nr jxod iofahaotjs  ...........................................................................................................

Hfstruithnfs `nr tmj aoy n` tmj jxod .......................................................  .............................................................................................................. ....................................................... :  Buhaofij `nr Imortjrja Djdgjrsmhp jxod iofahaotjs ............................................................................... 2   ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... 2  Sort ?o .................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....... 2  Sort ?g .................................................................................................................................................  ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... 2  Sort 7i ..................................................................................................

Sort 7a ................................................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....... =   ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... =  Sort 7j ..................................................................................................  ........................................................................ ..... ?3  Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw Wuljs `nr Dnfaoy 2 Yjptjdgjr 7373  ................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..... ??  Rhfaspjja Infvjrshnf Imort .................................................................................................................

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj 9/?? 

Hfstruithnfs `nr jxod iofahaotjs Gj`nrj jftjrhfb tmj jxodhfothnf nf 2 Yjptjdgjr 7373 pljosj fntj tmj `nllnwhfb;

 Ilnshfb aotj `nr jxod jftry `nrds; @rhaoy 9? Kuly 7373 

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 Qmj jxod jftry `nrd ofa poydjft n` tmj jftry `jj dust gj rjijhvja gj`nrj tmj ognvj ilnshfb aotj. Jxod jftry `nrds rjijhvja o`tjr tmhs aotj whll fnt gj oiijptja

 Jxod poydjft ajoalhfj

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 Qmj jftry `jj whll gj oaaja tn ynur rjinra nf rjijhpt n` tmj jxod jftry `nrd. Xnu orj rjquhrja tn poy tmj `jj hf `ull gj`nrj @rhaoy 2 Oubust 7373, `ohlurj tn poy whll rjsult hf ynu fnt gjhfb pjrdhttja tn sht tmj jxod. Soydjft smnula gj doaj nflhfj, vho Dy vho  Dy Oiinuft, h` Oiinuft, h` ynu orj ufoglj tn poy nflhfj pljosj inftoit tmj Jxodhfothnfs Dofobjr tn doej oltjrfothvj orrofbjdjfts

 Iofahaotj fudgjr ofa jxodhfothnf vjfuj hf`nrdothnf 

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 Xnu whll gj sjft ynur iofahaotj fudgjr ofa `hfol vjfuj ajtohls smnrtly o`tjr tmj `hfol poydjft ajoalhfj

 Rhtmarowol ofa aj`jrdjft 

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 O rj`ufa nr aj`jrdjft n` tmj jxodhfothnf `jj whll nfly gj buoroftjja h` fnth`hiothnf n` whtmarowol/aj`jrdjft hs doaj gj`nrj tmj poydjft ajoalhfj. Hf tmj jvjft n` jxijpthnfol ihriudstofijs niiurrhfb hddjahotjly gj`nrj tmj jxodhfothnf j.b. sjrhnus hllfjss, `odhly gjrjovjdjft jti. wmjrj iofahaotjs `jjl tmjhr pjr`nrdofij whll gj oavjrsjly o``jitja, tmj Hfsthtuthnf whll infshajr aj`jrrhfb jxod jftry sugkjit tn prnvhshnf n` suppnrthfb aniudjftothnf (j.b. anitnr‘s fntj aotja whtmhf tmrjj wnrehfb aoys n` tmj jxod) ofa of oadhfhstrothnf imorbj.  Xnu orj oavhsja tn inftoit tmj Hfsthtuthnf‘s Jxodhfothnfs Dofobjr, ofa joim iosj ios j whll gj infshajrja nf of hfahvhauol goshs. H` ynu gjindj hll aurhfb tmj jxod pljosj fnth`y of hfvhbhlotnr, wmn whll rjpnrt tmhs tn us. O`tjr tmj jxod pljosj prnvhaj o anitnr‘s fntj aotja whtmhf 9 wnrehfb aoys n` tmj aotj n` tmj jxod tn tmj Jxodhfothnfs Dofobjr.    Ofy ntmjr iofahaotj shtthfb tmj jxod whll gj ossudja tn gj hf bnna mjoltm ofa of oppjol whll fnt gj oiijptja `nr o sugsjqujft ajilorothnf n` hllfjss.

 Jxod ijftrj trofs`jr 

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Ht hs fnt pnsshglj tn imofbj jxod ijftrj o`tjr tmj poydjft ajoalhfj. Iofahaotjs rjqujsthfb rjosnfoglj oakustdjfts   H` ynu movj o ahsoghlhty tmot doy o``jit ynur pjr`nrdofij hf tmj jxod pljosj fnth`y us nf tmj jxod jftry `nrd.  Xnu smnula olsn prnvhaj o fntj `rnd o djahiol prn`jsshnfol inf`hrdhfb tmj foturj n` tmj ahsoghlhty (j.b. rjsults `rnd o aysljxho tjst) ofa wmjrj pnsshglj oavhij nf ofy rjosnfoglj oakustdjfts tmot smnula gj doaj. Xnu orj wjlindj tn sugdht dotjrhol `rnd ynur jdplnyjr nr ufhvjrshty wmhim doy osshst hf doehfb of hf`nrdja ajihshnf nf tmj oakustdjfts tn gj doaj. Ofy hf`nrdothnf prnvhaja whll gj trjotja os inf`hajfthol.

 

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 Srnn` n` hajfthty 

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 Xnu dust prnvhaj pmntnbropmhi HA tn tmj hfvhbhlotnr nf tmj aoy n` tmj jxodhfothnfs. @ohlurj tn prnauij HA whll rjsult hf ynu fnt gjhfb pjrdhttja tn sht tmj jxod.

 Dnghlj pmnfjs 

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 Xnu dust jfsurj ynur pmnfj hs swhtimja n`` ofa mofaja hf tn of hfvhbhlotnr gj`nrj tmj jxodhfothnf gjbhfs. H` ynu orj `nufa ushfb o dnghlj pmnfj ot ofy thdj hf tmj jxod, hfiluahfb lufim thdj, tmj dottjr whll gj rjpnrtja tn tmj Jxodhfothnfs Sofjl whtm tmj rjinddjfaothnf tmot ynu orj ahsquolh`hja `rnd tmj jxod.

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj 1/?? 

 Zsj n` jljitrnfhi jquhpdjft 

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Dnst jljitrnfhi ajvhijs orj prnmhghtja hf tmj jxod ’ tmj jxijpthnf hs `nr gottjry npjrotja ioliulotnrs (tmjsj doy gj prnbroddoglj) prnvhahfb tmjy orj fnt Rh-@h iopoglj. Srnmhghtja ajvhijs hfiluaj gut orj fnt lhdhtja tn;  

Dnghlj pmnfjs

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Loptnps, fntjgnnes nr pnrtoglj indputjrs ofa shdhlor ajvhijs hSoas, togljts ofa shdhlor ajvhijs

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J-rjoajrs (j.b. Ehfalj) ofa shdhlor ajvhijs

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Iodjros, npthiol sioffjrs ofa shdhlor ajvhijs

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Arowhfb/troihfb lhbmt gnxjs

•

 

Ydort wotimjs

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 Ilnies 

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 Qmj hfsthtuthnf whll try tn jfsurj tmot tmjrj hs o vhshglj ilnie hf oll jxod jxo d ijftrjs, mnwjvjr ht hs rjinddjfaja tmot ynu grhfb o wotim whtm ynu tn tmj jxodhfothnf hf iosj tmj ilnie prnvhaja hs fnt hf iljor shbmt.

 Jxod ijftrj sjljithnf 

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Jxod ijftrjs tmot movj olrjoay gjjf gnneja iof gj sjljitja vho tmj arnpanwf gnx nf tmj opplhiothnf `nrd. H` tmjrj hs fn ijftrj ovohloglj fjor ynu tmj Hfsthtuthnf whll ohd tn sjt nfj up hf ofy lorbj tnwf nr ihty fjor ynu. Sljosj fntj tmhs tnwf/ihty nf tmj jxod jftry `nrd.

 Jxod prjporothnf 

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 Xnu orj strnfbly oavhsja tn tmnrnubmly prjporj `nr tmj jxodhfothnf gy jhtmjr toehfb o prjporothnf inursj nr gy proithshfb whtm post jxod popjrs. Dofy Wjbhnfol Brnups ruf  ruf prjporothnf inursjs  inursjs aurhfb tmj yjor tmot orj wnrtm ottjfahfb. Nf rjijhpt n` poydjft `nr tmj jxod of hftjroithvj prjporothnf inursj whll gj sjft tn ynu hf nrajr tn osshst ynu whtm ynur prjporothnf. Sost jxod popjrs, rjpnrts, ofa iofahaotj “tnp thps— iof oll gj `nufa nf tmj  tmj wjgshtj wjgshtj.. 

 Jxod rjsults 

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 Xnur rjsults whll gj hssuj hf  hf Dy Oiinuft  Oiinuft gy tmj dhaalj n` Ajijdgjr ofa whll gj `nllnwja gy of jxod rjsult ljttjr nr jdohl. @jjagoie dust gj rjqujstja nflhfj.

 Lopsja djdgjrsmhp 

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Jxod rjsults whll fnt gj hssuja tn lopsja djdgjrs ufthl `ull poydjft n` nutstofahfb `jjs mos gjjf rjijhvja.

 7373 Jxodhfothnf aotjs

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Imortjrja Djdgjrsmhp  Dnfaoy 0 Kofuory Dnfaoy 2 Yjptjdgjr

 Ossnihotj-Djdgjrsmhp   Ossnihotj-Djdgjrsmhp Dnfaoy 2 Yjptjdgjr

Ypjiholhst Ahplndos  Dnfaoy 0 Kofuory

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj :/?? 

Hfstruithnfs `nr tmj aoy n` tmj jxod

 Srnn` n` hajfthty 

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 Xnu dust prnvhaj pmntnbropmhi HA tn tmj hfvhbhlotnr nf tmj aoy n` tmj jxod. H` ynu an fnt prnauij HA ynu whll fnt gj ollnwja tn sht tmj jxod.

 Iofahaotj fudgjrs ofa pobj fudgjrhfb 

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 Xnur `ull iofahaotj fudgjr smnula gj wrhttjf nf tmj `rnft invjr n` tmj jxod ofswjr poie, tmj lost `hvj ahbhts n` ynur iofahaotj fudgjr smnula gj rjinraja nf joim ofswjr smjjt. O9 bropm popjr whll gj dnvja tn tmj goie nf tmj poie `nr sioffhfb, pljosj fudgjr tmjsj A?, A7 jti. sn tmot tmj wmnlj ofswjr poie rjdohfs hf nrajr. Iofahaotjs smnula fnt usj tmjhr hfsthtuthnf djdgjrsmhp fudgjr nr fodj ofywmjrj nf tmj sirhpt.

 Lufim orrofbjdjfts ofa rj`rjsmdjfts 

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 Xnu dust grhfb ynur nwf lufim ofa rj`rjsmdjfts. Xnu orj fnt pjrdhttja tn ljovj tmj jxod vjfuj nr movj oiijss tn ynur dnghlj pmnfj nr ntmjr jljitrnfhi ajvhijs aurhfb tmj lufim grjoe. Xnu doy fnt movj oiijss tn ofy aniudjfts (hfiluahfb ynur nwf rj`jrjfij dotjrhols) dotjr hols) aurhfb tmj lufim grjoe ’ ynur sirhpt smnula gj turfja nvjr.

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Qhdjtoglj `nr tmj aoy

  38;?:

?: dhfutjs rjoahfb thdj

38;93

Jxod gjbhfs

?9;33

Grjoe `nr lufim (93 dhfutjs) ’ iofahaotjs shtthfb Ypjiholhst Ahplndos ljovj ot tmhs thdj.

?9;93

Jxod rjsudjs

?2;33

Jxod jfas ’ pljosj gj dhfa`ul n` iofahaotjs whtm jxtro thdj

 Npjf gnne pnlhiy 

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 Qmj jxods orj “npjf gnne— sn ynu yn u orj pjrdhttja tn toej rj`jrjfij gnnes nr o `nlajr whtm fntjs ofa `rjqujftly usja rj`jrjfijs hftn tmj jxod whtm ynu.

 Dnghlj pmnfjs 

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Iofahaotjs grhfbhfb tmjhr pmnfj tn tmj jxod moll whll fjja tn jfsurj tmot ht hs mofaja hf tn of hfvhbhlotnr ofa tmot hs swhtimja n``.smnula Qmj hfvhbhlotnr doy prnvhaj ynu whtm o logjlofa `nr josj hajfth`hiothnf ofa fudgjr ahstrhguthnf o`tjrhttmj jxod. Xnu wrhtj ynur fodj, iofahaotj fudgjr, M nfbn`Enfb Mnfb hajfthty iora (h` opplhioglj) nf tmhs logjl.

 Inajs n` proithij 

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 Ofy ajshbf inaj nr stofaora doy gj usja tn ofswjr tmj qujsthnfs hf tmj popjr, os lnfb os rj`jrjfij tn tmot inaj hs infshstjft tmrnubmnut ofa ofy ossudpthnfs nr ajshbf aoto oanptja (hfiluahfb lnoahfbs ntmjr tmof tmnsj spjih`hja hf tmj qujsthnf) orj stotja ot tmj gjbhffhfb n` tmj ofswjr.

 Wjoahfb thdj 

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 Xnu smnula fnt doej ofy dores nf tmj popjr aurhfb rjoahfb thdj, tmhs hfiluajs dores nf tmj qujsthnf popjr.

 Wjtjfthnf n` jxod popjrs 

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 Qn dohftohf tmj sjiurhty n` tmj jxods ynu doy fnt toej tmj t mj qujsthnf popjr owoy whtm ynu. Qmj qujsthnf popjr whll gj uplnoaja tn tmj wjgshtj nfij oll sirhpts movj gjjf rjijhvja gy HYtruitJ M_. H` ynu wnula lhej tn rjtohf ynur popjr inpy pljosj mofa hf o stodpja oaarjssja jfvjlnpj whtm ynur sirhpt ofa wj whll pnst ht goie tn ynu. Oll ufusja ofswjr popjr dust gj mofaja hf tn tmj hfvhbhlotnr.

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj 0/?? 

 Srjvhnusly prjporja hf`nrdothnf 

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 Xnu doy fnt hfiluaj ofy prjvhnusly prjporja ioliulothnfs, fntjs, arowhfbs jti. Ofy prjvhnusly prjporja hf`nrdothnf sugdhttja whll gj hbfnrja gy tmj jxodhfjrs.

 Zshfb pjfihls/inlnur hf tmj ofswjr sirhpts  

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 Xnu doy wrhtj hf pjfihl ofa usj inlnur tmrnubmnut ynur ofswjr poie, prnvhaja tmjsj orj aore jfnubm tn gj sioffja (ht hs oavhsoglj tn siof o sodplj pobj tn jfsurj pjfihls/inlnurs orj iljor jfnubm `nr tmj dorejrs tn rjoa).  Ofy qujrhjs rjborahfb tmj jxod smnula gj sjft tn tmj Jxodhfothnfs Dofobjr,  Dofobjr,  @rozjr Ilhst  Ilhst  

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj 2/?? 

Buhaofij `nr Imortjrja Djdgjrsmhp jxod iofahaotjs  Qmj `nllnwhfb smnrt buhaj mos gjjf indphlja tn ilorh`y tmj rjquhrjdjfts n` joim sjithnf n` tmj imortjrja djdgjrsmhp jxodhfothnf ofa tn mjlp iofahaotjs tn ufajrstofa wmot hssujs jxodhfjrs orj jxpjithfb iofahaotjs tn oaarjss hf tmjhr ofswjrs ofa tn wmot ljvjl n` ajtohl. Qmjsj fntjs orj djrjly o grhj` nvjrvhjw ofa ht hs rjinddjfaja iofahaotjs ottjfa of jxod prjporothnf inursj `nr o dnrj hf-ajptm grhj` wmjrjvjr pnsshglj.

Sort ?o Sort ?o oses iofahaotjs tn prjporj ”twn ahsthfit ofa vhoglj snluthnfs `nr tmj prnpnsja struiturj‘ ofa tmjf tn rjinddjfa nfj n` tmj simjdjs. @nr tmj guhlahfb struiturj qujsthnfs, ah``jrjfijs gjtwjjf simjdjs inula hfiluaj ah``jrjft dotjrhols, brha loynut, lnoa potms, `nufaothnfs, ofa stoghlhty prnvhshnf jti. Imofbhfb kust nfj n` tmjsj wnula fnt gj jfnubm tn doej o snluthnf ahsthfit ofa ht hs jxpjitja tmot ot ljost twn smnula gj shbfh`hioftly ah``jrjft hf nrajr tn soths`y tmj rjquhrjdjfts n` tmj qujsthnf. @nr tmj grhabj qujsthnf, joim simjdj smnula gj gosja nf o ah``jrjft `nrd n` grhabj struiturj whtm ah``jrjft spofs ofa/nr ah``jrjft lnoa potms tn tmj `nufaothnfs. Imofbhfb nfly tmj dotjrhol n` tmj grhabj struiturj wnula fnt gj jfnubm tn doej o snluthnf ahsthfit. Yejtimjs doy gj usja olnfbshaj tjxt tn ajsirhgj tmj prnpnsja simjdjs. Qmjsj doy gj `rjj-mofa ofa orj fnt rjquhrja tn gj tn siolj gut tmjy dust iljorly infvjy tmj ajshbf prhfihpljs gjhfb prnpnsja. Ioliulothnfs orj fnt jxpjitja hf tmhs port n` tmj qujsthnf ofa djdgjrs doy gj shzja ushfb jfbhfjjrhfb kuabjdjft nr rulj n` tmudg, j.b. spof tn ajptm rothn.  Qmj jxodhfjr hs lnnehfb `nr iofahaotjs tn hajfth`y ofa oaarjss tmj dohf struiturol imolljfbjs hf tmj t mj qujsthnf ofa dores whll fnt gj oworaja `nr bjfjrhi ofswjrs.

Sort ?g  Qmhs port n` tmj qujsthnf oses iofahaotjs tn wrhtj o ljttjr tn tmj ilhjft, ilhjft , usuolly hf rjspnfsj tn of jvjft wmhim wnula o``jit tmj ajshbf suim os o imofbj tn tmj grhj`. Iofahaotjs orj jxpjitja tn ufajrstofa tmj hdpoit n` tmj imofbj nf tmj ajshbf snluthnf tmjy movj prnpnsja ofa, wmhlst ilorhty hs hdpnrtoft, tmj jxodhfjr whll `nius dnrj nf iofahaotjs‘ brosp n` tmj tjimfhiol hssujs tmof nf tmj quolhty n` tmjhr wrhttjf Jfblhsm. Iofahaotjs doy Iofahaotjs  doy rj`jrjfij sejtimjs h` tmjy whsm.

Sort 7i  Qmj qujsthnf oses tmj iofahaotj tn ”prjporj su``hihjft ajshbf ioliulothnfs tn jstoglhsm tmj `nrd ofa shzj n` oll tmj prhfihpol struiturol jljdjfts hfiluahfb tmj `nufaothnfs‘ . Qmhs rjquhrjs iofahaotjs tn ajihaj wmhim djdgjrs   orj ”prhfihpol struiturol jljdjfts‘ ofa os suim rjquhrjs tmj prjporothnf n` `ull simjdj ajshbf ioliulothnfs.

 Qmj qujsthnf stotjs tmot iofahaotjs dust ”jstoglhsm tmj `nrd ofa shzj‘ n` tmj jljdjft, jljdjft , tmjrj`nrj tmjy orj jxpjitja tn usj tmjhr kuabjdjft ofa jxpjrhjfij tn ajihaj nf tmj jxtjft n` tmj ajshbf imjies rjquhrja `nr joim hfahvhauol jljdjft. @nr dnst djdgjrs imjies n` gjfahfb ofa smjor olnfbshaj o spof/ajptm aj`ljithnf imjie whll gj oajquotj5 mnwjvjr, iofahaotjs whll bohf jxtro dores `nr rjinbfhzhfb wmjf oaahthnfol imjies orj opprnprhotj5 `nr jxodplj, wjg guielhfb n` o stjjl gjod ufajr o infijftrotja lnoa. Qmj ajshbf ioliulothnfs iof gj prjporja hf oiinraofij whtm ofy iurrjft rjinbfhzja fothnfol inaj n` proithij n` tmj iofahaotjs imnnshfb.  Qmj usj n` ajshbf buhajs hs fnt infshajrja opprnprhotj `nr tmj ajshbf n` prhfihpol jljdjfts5 mnwjvjr, tmjy doy gj usja tn jsthdotj ntmjr djdgjr shzjs `nr Sort 7a (sjj gjlnw). Iofahaotjs smnula ossjss ofa imjie wnrst iosj lnoa indghfothnfs. Qmjrj hs fn rjquhrjdjft tn hfiluaj dulthplj lnoa iosjs ofa rjpjththvj ofa shdplj ioliulothnfs orj fnt rjquhrja.

 Oll ioliulothnfs smnula gj iljor ofa josy tn `nllnw.  Qmj prhfihpol struiturol jljdjfts whll gj ah``jrjft `nr joim simjdj prnpnsja, gut os o buhaj tmj `nllnwhfb bhvjs of hfahiothnf n` tmj lhejly jljdjfts.

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj =/?? 

@nr guhlahfb struiturjs;

 Dohf djdgjrs hf trussjs, pnrtol `rodjs, orimjs jti.

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 Qrofshthnf djdgjrs / trofs`jr struiturjs, djdgjrs whtm mhbm pnhft lnoas

 Iofthljvjr djdgjrs.   Pjrthiol struiturjs wmjrj tmjrj hs o mhbm infijftrothnf n` lnoa ofa/nr shbfh`hioft nut n` golofij dndjfts.  Djdgjrs n` stoghlhty systjds.  @nufaothnfs hfiluahfb phljs ofa phlj iops, rjhf`nrija ro`ts ofa poas, golofihfb gjods whtmhf tmj

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`nufaothnf systjd.

 Wjtohfhfb wolls   Ofy spjihol struiturol jljdjfts ufhquj tn tmj simjdj.

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@nr grhabj struiturjs; 

 Grhabj ajie  Dohf ajie suppnrt struiturj   Pjrthiol struiturj  Ytoghlhty systjd  @nufaothnfs hfiluahfb phljs ofa phlj iops, rjhf`nrija poas jti.

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Iljorly dnst simjdjs whll fnt hfiluaj oll n` tmj ognvj ofa, os o buhaj, iofahaotjs wnula gj jxpjitja tn ajshbf gjtwjjf `hvj ofa sjvjf jljdjfts ajpjfahfb nf tmj qujsthnf.

Sort 7a  Qmhs port n` tmj qujsthnf rjquhrjs iofahaotjs tn prjporj arowhfbs ofa irhthiol ajtohls `nr jsthdothfb purpnsjs. Arowhfbs an fnt fjja tn gj tn siolj gut smnula bjfjrolly gj hf prnpnrthnf ofa smnula gj ahdjfshnfja. Qmj arowhfbs smnula hfiluaj opprnprhotj plofs ofa sjithnfs hfiluahfb `nufaothnfs. Jljvothnfs Jljvot hnfs wnula usuolly gj jxpjitja `nr grhabjs ofa smnula gj hfiluaja `nr guhlahfb struiturjs h` tmjy orj infshajrja fjijssory tn infvjy tmj simjdj. Ht doy gj opprnprhotj tn arow port plofs wmjrj tmj struiturj hs syddjtrhiol, nr tn arow o shfblj plof tn rjprjsjft o fudgjr n` hajfthiol `lnnrs hf o guhlahfb. Djdgjrs tmot orj fnt infshajrja prhfihpol struiturol jljdjfts gy tmj iofahaotj iof gj shzja `nr jsthdothfb purpnsjs ushfb jfbhfjjrhfb kuabjdjft, spof/ajptm rothns, nr ajshbf buhajs suim os ”Qoto Ytjjl Gluj Gnne‘, ”Infirjtj Ijftrj Ajshbf Buhajs‘. Qmj iofahaotj smnula ajvjlnp, prhnr tn tmj jxodhfothnf, efnwljabj ofa jxpjrhjfij n` djtmnas n` jljdjft shzhfb gy opprnxhdothnf ofa gy tmj usj n` jstoglhsmja ajshbf buhajs. Qmj irhthiol ajtohls whll vory ajpjfahfb nf tmj qujsthnf gut doy hfiluaj iofthljvjr inffjithnfs, doknr splhijs, rjtohfhfb woll ajtohls jti. O dhfhdud n` tmrjj ajtohls wnula nrahforhly gj jxpjitja.

Sort 7j  Qmhs usuolly rjquhrjs tmj prjporothnf n` o infstruithnf prnbrod nr djtmna stotjdjft ofa tmj jxodhfjr hs lnnehfb `nr iofahaotjs tn ajdnfstrotj o ajbrjj n` proithiol efnwljabj. Qmj ofswjr smnula gj tohlnrja tn tmj iofahaotj‘s prnpnsj simjdj ofa smnula fnt gj o bjfjrhi rjspnfsj.  rjspnfsj.  

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj 8/?? 

 Qmj djtmna stotjdjft dust hfiluaj oll oithvhthjs rjquhrja tn guhla tmj prnpnsja struiturj, hfiluahfb oaarjsshfb mjoltm ofa so`jty hssujs, ofa smnula rj`ljit tmj prnpnsja simjdj ajshbf. Qmj stotjdjft smnula gj ejpt grhj` whtm shdplj ajsirhpthnfs n` joim oithvhty.  Qmj prnbroddj dust obohf hfiluaj oll irhthiol oithvhthjs ofa tmjhr rjspjithvj thdjsioljs. thdjsi oljs. Qmj prjsjftothnf smnula prj`jrogly gj hf tmj `nrd n` o gor imort, nr shdhlor bropmhiol rjprjsjftothnf.

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxod d buhaofij ofa ofa hfs truith nfs Jxo

Sobj ?3/?? 

Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw Wuljs `nr Dnfaoy 2 Yjptjdgjr 7373  Qmj Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw hs o twn-stobj prnijss, indprhshfb i ndprhshfb tmj Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw Hftjrvhjw (SWH) ofa tmj djdgjrsmhp jxod.  Xnu doy sht jhtmjr tmj SWH nr tmj jxod `hrst gut smnula gjor hf dhfa tmj `nllnwhfb ruljs. ?.   Qmrjj-yjor hftjrvhjw rulj  ?. H` o iofahaotj pnstpnfjs toehfb tmj jxodhfothnf `nr tmrjj infsjiuthvj yjors o`tjr tmj indpljthnf n` tmj hftjrvhjw, tmjy whll sthll gj ollnwja tn sht tmj jxodhfothnf. Mnwjvjr, tmhs hs nf infahthnf tmot smnula tmj iofahaotj poss tmj jxodhfothnf tmjy whll sugdht opplhiothnf  opplhiothnf  `nrd SWH, SWH, o twn-pobj jxpjrhjfij rjpnrt, HSA `hfol rjpnrt `nrds `nr joim n` tmj ?9 inrj ngkjithvjs, ofa tmj hftjrvhjw `jj gj`nrj shtthfb o Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw Hftjrvhjw. H` suiijss`ul hf tmhs hftjrvhjw iofahaotjs whll tmjf gj jlhbhglj tn gj jljitja os o Imortjrja Djdgjr/Ossnihotj-Djdgjr. 7.   @hvj-yjor jxodhfothnf rulj  7. Iofahaotjs dust poss tmj jxodhfothnf whtmhf `hvj yjors n` tmjhr `hrst ottjdpt (opplhioglj `rnd 73?= nfworas). Iofahaotjs toehfb lnfbjr tmof `hvj yjors tn poss tmj jxod whll sthll gj ollnwja tn sht tmj jxodhfothnf. Mnwjvjr, tmhs hs nf infahthnf tmot smnula tmj iofahaotj poss tmj jxodhfothnf tmjy whll movj tn sugdht opplhiothnf  opplhiothnf `nrd SWH, SWH, o twn-pobj jxpjrhjfij rjpnrt, HSA `hfol rjpnrt `nrds `nr joim n` tmj ?9 inrj ngkjithvjs, ofa tmj hftjrvhjw `jj gj`nrj shtthfb o Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw Hftjrvhjw. H` suiijss`ul hf tmhs hftjrvhjw iofahaotjs whll tmjf gj jlhbhglj tn gj jljitja os o Imortjrja Djdgjr/OssnihotjDjdgjr. Fntj tmot iofahaotjs doy fnt ljovj o bop n` lnfbjr tmof 9 yjors gjtwjjf jxod ottjdpts. H` ynu lost sot of jxodhfothnf hf Kuly 73?2 gut aha fnt sht hf jhtmjr 73?= nr 73?8 ynu orj jfinurobja tn sht tmj Hfsthtuthnf‘s Yjptjdgjr 7373 jxodhfothnf. Qmhs hs tn ovnha tmj fjijsshty n` shtthfb ofntmjr Srn`jsshnfol Wjvhjw Hftjrvhjw. Sljosj rj`jr tn rulj 7 ognvj.  Ofy qujrhjs rjborahfb jxod jlhbhghlhty smnula gj sjft tn tmj Jxodhfothnfs Dofobjr,  Dofobjr,  @rozjr Ilhst

hstruitj.nrb

 

Jxo Jxod d buhaofij ofa hfstrui thnfs

Sobj ??/?? 

Rhfaspjja Infvjrshnf Imort Qmj `nllnwhfb imort hs tn gj usja `nr HYtruitJ jxods nfly ofa hs hftjfaja os o buhaj `nr iofahaotjs wmn orj ushfb inajs wmhim prnvhaj o ?3-dhfutj ovjrobhfb pjrhna.

hstruitj.nrb