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H[UXE@GLUH4 NH@EP EGL@^G AIG]UH [GLKNHT

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Âle`kh

H_AIXK@AL EH IG GEB@L@[U]GK@AL.....................................................................7 Ziglthgb`hlta thûr`ka....................................................................................................= Kalkius`alhs.................................................................................................................5 M`mi`afrgoâg.....................................................................................................................8

 

 

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H_AIXK@AL EH IG GEB@L@[U]GK@AL @ltraeukk`ûl Zgrg iafrgr hlthlehr ig geb`l`strgk`ûl hs lhkhsgr`a kalakhr eh quà bglhrg surf`û ig `ehg eh ig lhkhs`ege eh arfgl`zgr y eh i`ehrgr ulg sak`hege. kabprhlehr ig n`star`g eh hstg e`sk`pi`lg, ias nhknas gkhrkg eh ia quh ng sukhe`ea hl s`tugk`alhs pgsgegs pgrg gsâ paehr rhigk`algrigs kal s`tugk`alhs eh ig gktugi`ege eh hstg bglhrg paehr iafrgr ulg rhigk`ûl hltrh ia quh yg sukhe`û y ia quh sukheh hl hi prhshlth. Ig geb`l`strgk`ûl surfh par ig lhkhs`ege ehi nabmrh shehltgr`a eh gfrupgrsh par ig suphrv`vhlk`g krhglea ig e`v`s`ûl eh ias trgmgdas hltrh ias b`hbmras eh igs tr`mus g pgrt`r eh giiâ hi shr nubgla fhlhra ig lhkhs`ege eh arfgl`zgrsh pgrg ngkhr eh ias prakhsas bçs rçp`eas y hohkt`vas. Zar bhe`a ehi prhshlth hlsgya sh `ehlt`o`kgrç ias nhknas n`stûr`kas bçs `bpartglths hl ig geb`l`strgk`ûl tgihs kaba ig rhvaiuk`ûl `leustr`gi, dulta kal su prakhsa eh hvaiuk`alg g trgvàs ehi t`hbpa y ias ogktarhs quh ig iihvgral g su hvaiuk`ûl dulta kal ias gvglkhs sak`gihs quh prap`k`a.

 

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Ziglthgb`hlta thûr`ka Ig geb`l`strgk`ûl sh eg ehseh ig àpakg pr`b`t`vg surfh kaba ulg lhkhs`ege hl hi shr nubgla eh iafrgr sus gkt`vgehs eh ig bhdar bglhrg pas`mih. Ig geb`l`strgk`ûl sh eg kaba ulg gsak`gk`ûl eh phrsalgs pgrg iafrgr ul o`l ehthrb`lgea rhqu`r`hlea ig pgrt`k`pgk`ûl eh igs phrsalgs eh kgeg frupa, mçs`kgbhlth gpgrhkh ehseh quh hi shr nubgla hbp`hzg g trgmgdgr hl sak`hege, hsth gkalthk`b`hlta ouh eh pr`bhrg `bpartglk`g hl ig n`star`g sak`gi. Iuhfa eh ig àpakg pr`b`t`vg sh e`a pgsa g ig àpakg gfrâkaig y ig sak`hege sh e`v`e`û hl kigshs sak`gihs. Gehbçs, ouh `bpartglth pgrg ig oarbgk`ûl eh vgr`as `bphr`as.  Gi hstgmihkhrlas hstgmihkhrlas kaba ulg sak`hege e`a pgsa pgsa g gvglkhs gvglkhs kaba hi surf`b`hlta surf`b`hlta eh ig k`hlk`g, ig i`thrgturg, ig rhi`f`ûl ig arfgl`zgk`ûl paiât`kg, ig hskr`turg y hi arfgl`sba. Eglea pgsa g ig glt`fùhege frhka igt`lg ealeh surfh hi hskigv`sba ar`hltgea ngk`g ig geb`l`strgk`ûl hl ulg hstr`ktg suphrv`s`ûl bhe`glth hi kgst`fa o`ska, eglea kaba rhsuitgea ul mgda rhle`b`hlta praeukt`va, hl ig àpakg ehi ohuegi`sba gpgrhkhl tgiihrhs grthsglgihs y frhb`as hlkgrfgeas eh rhfuigr ias nargr`as y suhieas. Gi o`lgi eh hstg àpakg ias k`hrvas sh kalv`rt`hral hl trgmgdgearhs `lehphle`hlths surf`hlea luhvgs hstrukturgs eh gutar`ege. Ngstg `l`k`as ehi s`fia ^^ sh latû htgpgs eh ehsgrraiia h `llavgk`ûl hl ig geb`l`strgk`ûl, phra rhgibhlth sh latû g pgrt`r eh 766? kuglea iihfa ig rhvaiuk`ûl `leustr`gi quh v`la g bae`o`kgr ig hstrukturg hkalûb`kg, sak`gi y paiât`kg. Kals`fa trgda hi kgp`tgi`sba o`lglk`hra y ig `lvhlk`ûl eh luhvgs thklaiafâgs. [hfôl Mubs ig rhvaiuk`ûl hstuva e`v`e`eg hl eas pgrths ig pr`bhrg ouh ehlab`lgeg kaba ig rhvaiuk`ûl ehi kgrmûl

 

; y ehi n`hrra y ig shfuleg quh ouh ig rhvaiuk`ûl ehi gkhra y ig hihktr`k`ege. Ig rhvaiuk`ûl trgda kals`fa ig `lvhlk`ûl eh ig bçqu`lg eh vgpar y ig iakabatarg prap`k`glea frglehs kgbm`as hl rharfgl`zgk`ûl sak`gi gpgrhk`hlea ig e`v`s`ûl eh trgmgda par hsphk`gi`zgk`ûl. Zar bhe`a eh ig rhvaiuk`ûl `leustr`gi sh rhbpigzû ig ouhrzg y rgp`ehz nubglg hl ig bgyarâg eh ias shktarhs hkalûb`kas par bgqu`lgs. E`kng rhvaiuk`ûl fhlhra ig `ehg eh apt`b`zgr ias rhkursas tglta eh bgqu`lgr`g kaba nubglas y gi ehsgrraiigrsh igs frglehs `leustr`gs surf`û ig lhkhs`ege eh shr bçs ho`k`hlth kal ig praeukk`ûl y pgrg hsta sh lhkhs`tgmg eh ig geb`l`strgk`ûl pgrg gsâ ngkhr larbgs pgrg rhf`r hi trgmgda, oarbgs eh kabpartgb`hlta y ulg lhkhs`ege eh kaare`lgk`ûl phrbglhlth. hl hi s`fia ^@ ouh ulg htgpg ealeh numa ul frgl ehsgrraiia `leustr`gi par ia kugi `bpuisa ul frgl ehsgrraiia hl ig geb`l`strgk`ûl y surfh ig geb`l`strgk`ûl k`hltâo`kg. Hi ehsgrraiia `leustr`gi y thklaiûf`ka gubhlta s`fl`o`kgt`vgbhlth ngk`hlea `le`sphlsgmih hl igs hbprhsgs ig apt`b`zgk`ûl eh ias rhkursas kal hi o`l eh iafrgr ig bçx`bg ho`k`hlk`g, kgi`ege y praeukt`v`ege hl hi iafra eh amdht`vas. .

 

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Kalkius`alhs  Ig geb`l`strgk`ûl ng hstgea prhshlth ehseh ehi pr`lk`p`a eh ig v`eg nubglg. Ngkh pgrth eh ig hvaiuk`ûl quh nhbas thl`ea kaba shrhs rgzalgmihs yg quh eh hstg bglhrg gprhle`bas g arfgl`zgrlas kaba ulg sak`hege krhglea ig lhkhs`ege eh i`ehrgzfa y kaaphrgk`ûl pgrg iafrgr ul m`hlhstgr praeukt`va kabôl. Ig geb`l`strgk`ûl g ia igrfa ehi t`hbpa ng thl`ea ul pgphi oulegbhltgi hl taeas ias gsphktas eh ig hvaiuk`ûl eh ig sak`hege kaba ig vhbas gnarg, `lkiusa hl çbm`tas kaba ig rhi`f`ûl y ias ehrhknas quh pashhbas nay hl eâg, kaba ig i`mhrtge sak`gi y hkalûb`kg, hl kalkius`ûl, ig geb`l`strgk`ûl hs ulg k`hlk`g y grth eh hvaiuk`ûl kalstglth. Kgmh rhkgikgr quh kaba shrhs nubglas nhbas shlt`ea ig lhkhs`ege eh oarbgr pgrth eh ulg arfgl`zgk`ûl, pgrg shr `le`v`euas ôt`ihs pgrg ig sak`hege y gehbçs rhk`m`r mhlho`k`as `le`v`eugihs kaba gifulg rhbulhrgk`ûl hkalûb`kg. Hl ig gktugi`ege s` sh qu`hrh prasphrgr hl ig `leustr`g, ig geb`l`strgk`ûl t`hlh quh hloakgrsh hl `llavgr y la i`b`tgrsh g bàtaeas trge`k`algihs. [`l aiv`egrsh eh apt`b`zgr ias rhkursas y rhgi`zgr prakhsas eh bglhrg ho`k`hlth thl`hlea hl kuhltg igs lhkhs`egehs ehi ki`hlth y eh `fugi bglhrg thl`hlea hl kuhltg hi m`hlhstgr eh sus trgmgdgearhs pgrg gsâ iafrgr thlhr ul rhle`b`hlta ho`kgz. [`hlea ig geb`l`strgk`ûl gegptgmih g prakhsas kgbm`glths y luhvgs thklaiafâgs ngy quh thlhr hl kuhltg ias pr`lk`p`as geb`l`strgt`vas pgrg la gihdgrsh eh ia quh kaloarbg ulg geb`l`strgk`ûl praeukt`vg.

 

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M`mi`afrgoâg

Mhitrçl ]âas, D. G., & Iûphz F`rgiea, D. G. (=:7>). Hvaiuk`al eh ig Geb`lstrgk`al.   Bhehii`l- Kaiabm`g4 Xl`vhrs`ege Kgtai`kg Iu`s gb`fa. GEB@L@[U]GK@AL .  @UGKG, K. k. (s.o.). GLUHKHEHLUH[ EH IG GEB@L@[U]GK@AL

Iaphz, B. H., Gr`gs Baltayg , I., & ]gvh Gr`gs, [. L. (=::?). Igs arfgl`zgk`alhs y ig hvaiuk`al geb`l`strgt`vg. Xl`vhrs`ege thklaiaf`kg eh phrh`rg.

Xlge, X. l. (=::0). Baeuia kursa gkgehb`ka oulegbhltas eh geb`l`strgk`al.  MafatgKaiabm`g .