EVM Full Report_sghadei

MINI PROJECT ‘10

EVM

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Dreams never shape to reality unless a lot of effort and hard work is put into it. And no effort bears fruit in the absence of support and guidance. A lot of effort and hard work has been put into this project in course of the three months taken to complete it. It has been strenuous but very satisfying experience.

At the outset, we thank God almighty for making our endeavour a success. We also express our gratitude to MR. MANOJ V. J. , Head of the Department for providing us with adequate facilities, ways and means by which we were able to complete this project.We express our sincere gratitude to our Project Guide

MRS. VEENA C. BHASKAR

Prabha Raj C. and Miss Preeja P. K.

and

project co-ordinator Miss.

, Electronics & Communication

Engineering Department for her constant support and valuable suggestions without which the successful completion of this project would not have been possible.

We express our immense pleasure and thankfulness to all the teachers and staff of the

Department of

Electronics & Communication, CUSAT for their

cooperation and support. And at the end we would like to extend our heartiest thanks to our family members, seniors and class mates, who always supported us throughout and lend their helping hand in making this project a successful one.

DEPT OF ELEC & COMMN

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EVM

Electronic Voting Machine Mini project DEPT OF ELEC & COMMN

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MINI PROJECT ‘10

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CONTENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Abstract……… ………… ……… 04 Introduction… …… ……… ……05 Block diagram… …… ……… …06 Components required … … … 07 Circuit diagram… ……… … …24 Working Of the Instrument … 27 Application ……… …… ………29 Soldering ………… ……………30 Waveform ………………………33 Result ……………………………35 Conclusion …… ……… ………36 Advantage and Disadvantage 37 Reference ………………………38

14.Datasheet ………………………39

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MINI PROJECT ‘10

EVM

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ABSTRACT India is the largest democracy of the world . People’s active participation in the formation of the government is an important aspect of a democratic government. This is ensured by elections. Conducting free and fair elections in a populous country like India is an uphill task. It’s a challenge to conduct elections for selection of candidates to represent the people of the country at different levels. Even more important is the timely declaration of results. This is necessary to bring stability in the governance and steady economic growth of the nation .

Till now we have been using the paper and ballot system for conducting. The loop holes in this traditional system are gradually widening .Its more susceptible to booth capturing and result manipulation. Even more tedious is the task of counting the votes and declaring the results.

An ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE is an answer to all these problems. It’s a technological masterpiece. Many countries worldover have shown their interest in learning the mechanism behind this simple yet powerful machine. Its got a very simple interface,its tamperproof, prevents bogus voting and it has helped in getting rid of the time consuming task of counting .

DEPT OF ELEC & COMMN

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INTRODUCTION EVM stands for Electronics Voting Machine. It’s a lot different from the traditional ballot paper system both in terms of mechanism and performance.

Its USP is its simple user interface. Even a person who never got a chance to go to schools can use it without much difficulty. The front panel shows all the candidates standing for the election along with their party symbols. There is a button corresponding to each of the candidates. To cast a vote just press the button beside to the candidate. A successful vote is indicated by a green light and a short beep.

There is a dedicated counter for each of the candidate ,which is placed inside. With each vote the counter corresponding to the candidate increases and is displayed through a LCD screen. This arrangement is kept under lock. After the election’s over the polling officer can open the lock and view the votes and declare the result.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Prevent bogus voting + visual indicators CANDIDATE 1

CANDIDATE 2

XOR

Control

gates

flip flop LED

LCD

LCD

SCREEN

SCREEN

COUNTER

COUNTER

Candidate 1

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VOTE COUNTING

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Candidate 2

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EVM

COMPONENTS REQUIRED         

Resistors 7404 IC 7408 IC 7447 IC 7473 IC 7490 IC FND 507 : Seven segment display LEDs Beeper

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RESISTOR Function :Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the LED.

Example:

Circuit symbol:

Connecting and soldering :Resistors may be connected either way round. They are not damaged by heat when soldering.

Resistor values – The resistor colour code :Resistance is measured in ohms, the symbol for ohm is an omega Ω . 1 Ω is quite small so resistor values are often given in k Ω and M Ω. 1 k Ω = 1000 Ω 1 M Ω = 1000000 Ω. Resistor values are normally shown using coloured bands. Each colour represents a number as shown in the table. Most resistors have 4 bands:    

The first band gives the first digit. The second band gives the second digit. The third band indicates the number of zeros. The fourth band is used to shows the tolerance (precision) of the resistor.

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This resistor has red (2), violet (7), yellow (4 zeros) and gold bands. So its value is 270000 Ω = 270 k Ω. On circuit diagrams the Ω is usually omitted and the value is written 270K.

The Resistor Colour Code Colour

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Number

Black

0

Brown

1

Red

2

Orange

3

Yellow

4

Green

5

Blue

6

Violet

7

Grey

8

White

9

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 220 Ω RESISTOR :

Typically 220 ohm ,1/4 watt resistor can be used with various circuit.The colour band of the resistor is Red, Red, Brown, Gold.    

Type:Carbon film resistor Tolerence:5% Size:1/4watt Value:220Ω

 270Ω RESISTOR :

Typically 270 Ω,1/4watt resistor can be used with various circuit.The colour band is Red,Purple,Brown,Gold.  Type:Carbon film resistor  Tolerence:5%  

Size:1/4 watt Value:270Ω

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IC' S IC 7404 IC 7404 is a NOT gate, also called an inverter has only one input and, of course , only one output.

NOT GATE Logic-Rules: The output is the inverse of the input, in otherwords if the input is HIGH then the out put is LOW and if the input is LOW the output is HIGH.

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IC7408 IC 7408 is an AND gates has two or more input but only one output .It is also called an all or nothing gate.

AND GATE Logic Rules: The output assumes the logic HIGH state , only when each of its input is at logic HIGH state.

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IC 7486 XOR stands for exclusive OR. XOR gate compares two values and if they are So Y = A

B. It is also called an anti-coincidence or inequality detector.

XOR GATE Logic Rule:

An X-OR gate produces an active HIGH output only when the input are not equal.The output of an X-OR gate is the modulo sum of its two input.

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EVM

IC 7490 The 7490 is a decade counter (mod-10) which consists of four master- slave flip-flops internally connected to provides a divide-by-2 and a divide -by5counter.Gates direct-reset line are provided to inhibit count input to either a logic 0 or to a BCD count

When used as a BCD counter ,the B input must be externally connected to the QA output. The A input receive the incoming count, and a count secquence is obtained to in accordance with the BCD count output.two gates input are provided to reset the counter to 0; in addition ,two more input are also nprovided to reset the counter to a BCD count of 9 for the 9’s compement decimal applications.

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EVM

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE Function :LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.

Example:

Circuit symbol:

Connecting and soldering :LEDs must be connected the correct way round, the diagram may be labelled a or + for anode and k or - for cathode (yes, it really is k, not c, for cathode!). The cathode is the short lead and there may be a slight flat on the body of round LEDs. If you can see inside the LED the cathode is the larger electrode (but this is not an official identification method). LEDs can be damaged by heat when soldering, but the risk is small unless you are very slow. No special precautions are needed for soldering most LEDs.

Colours of LEDs :LEDs are available in red, orange, amber, yellow, green, blue and white. Blue and white LEDs are much more expensive than the other colours.The colour of an LED is determined by the semiconductor material, not by the colouring of the 'package' (the plastic body). LEDs of all colours are available in uncoloured packages which may be diffused (milky) or clear (often

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described as 'water clear'). The coloured packages are also available as diffused (the standard type) or transparent

COLOUR

WAVELENGTH (nm)

VOLTAGES (V)

MATERIALS

Red

610