Evidence Outline

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law 

TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE DISQUALIFICATIONS

MENTAL INCAPACITY / IMMATURITY

PERSONS DISQUALIFIED

Those whose mental condition at the time o! thei" #"od$ction !o" e%amination is s$ch that the& a"e inca#a'le o! intelli(entl& ma)in( )nown thei" #e"ce#tion

Child"en whose mental mat$"it& is s$ch as to "ende" them inca#a'le o! #e"cei*in( the !acts "es#ectin( which the& a"e e%amined and o! "elatin( them t"$th!$ll&

MARITAL DISQUALIFICATION

S#o$ses with "e(a"d to testimon& !o" o" a(ainst the othe" s#o$se witho$t his + he" consent

DEAD MAN’S STATUTE

Pa"ties o" assi(no"s o! #a"ties to a case o" #e"sons in whose 'ehal! a case is #"osec$ted a(ainst an e%ec$to" o" administ"ato" o" othe" "e#"esentati*e o! a deceased #e"son o" a(ainst a #e"son o! $nso$nd mind

REQUISITES

PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION

PRIVILEGED MARITAL COMM.

ATTORNEY OR HIS EMPLOYEE

PHYSICIAN

MINISTER / PRIEST

PUBLIC OFFICER

S#o$ses

Atto"ne& o" his sec"eta"& steno("a#he" o" cle")

 A #e"son a$tho"i,ed to #"actice medicine s$"(e"& o" o'stet"ics

Mini Minist ste" e" + #"ie #"iest st

P$'l P$'lic ic o!!i o!!ice ce"  " 

-./ S#o$ses a"e le(all& ma""ied0 -1/ -1/ The The com2 com2 m$nication was con!idential0 -3/ -3/ It was was made made d$"in( the ma""ia(e0

-./ -./ Atto Atto"n "ne& e&22 client "elation -1/ -1/ Comm Comm$ni $nica2 c a2 tion '& client to atto"ne& in the co$"se o! o" with a *iew to #"o2 !essional em#lo&ment

-./ -./ Ci*i Ci*ill case case -1/ -1/ Ph&si Ph&sici cian an22 #atient "elation -3/ Ad*ice o" t"eatment (i*en o" in!o"mation ac4$i"ed d$"in( co$"se o! #"o!essional d$t&

-./ Comm$nica2 tion made to #$'lic o!!ice"  -1/ Comm$nica2 tion made in o!!icial con!idence -3/ P$'lic inte"est wo$ld

-5/ In!o"mation was necessa"& !o" #e"!o"mance o! #"o!essional d$t& -6/ The disclo2 s$"e wo$ld tend to 'lac)en the #atient7s "e#$tation

s$!!e" '& the disclos$"e o! the comm$nication

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law 

PERIOD OF DISQUALIFI2 CATION

D$"in( the ma""ia(e

SCOPE OF DISQUALIFI2 CATION

E:CEPTIONS

D$"in( o" a!te" the ma""ia(e

 An& matte" o! !act occ$""in( 'e!o"e the death o! s$ch deceased #e"son o" 'e!o"e s$ch #e"son 'ecome o! $nso$nd mind

 An& comm$nica2 tion "ecei*ed in con!idence d$"in( the ma""ia(e

-./ Ci*il case '& one a(ainst the othe"8

-./ Ci*il case '& One a(ainst the othe"8

-1/ C"iminal case !o" c"ime committed '& one a(ainst the othe" o" the latte";s di"ect

-1/ C"iminal Case !o" c"ime committed '& one a(ainst the othe" o" the latte";s di"ect

D$"in( his te"m o! o!!ice o" a!te"wa"ds  An& comm$2 nication made '& the client to the atto"ne& o" his ad*ice (i*en the"eon in the co$"se o! o" with a *iew to #"o!essional em#lo&ment8 o" an& !act the )nowled(e o! which was ac4$i"ed '& the cle") steno("a2 #he" o" sec"eta"& in his ca#acit& as s$ch

 An& ad*ice o" t"eatment (i*en '& him o" an& in!o"mation which he ma& ha*e ac4$i"ed in attendin( s$ch #atient in a #"o!essional ca#acit& which in!o"mation was necessa"& to ena'le him to act in that ca#acit&

 An& con!ession made to o" an& ad*ice (i*en '& him in his #"o!essional cha"acte" in the co$"se o! disci#line en9oined '& his ch$"ch

Consent o! the client

Consent o! the #atient

Consent o! the #e"son ma)in( con!ession

Client

Patient

>es

>es

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law 

IT @E

>es '& !ail$"e to

Comm$nications made to him in o!!icial con!idence

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law  -5/ In!o"mation was necessa"& !o" #e"!o"mance o! #"o!essional d$t& -6/ The disclo2 s$"e wo$ld tend to 'lac)en the #atient7s "e#$tation PERIOD OF DISQUALIFI2 CATION

D$"in( the ma""ia(e

D$"in( o" a!te" the ma""ia(e

SCOPE OF DISQUALIFI2 CATION

E:CEPTIONS

s$!!e" '& the disclos$"e o! the comm$nication

 An& matte" o! !act occ$""in( 'e!o"e the death o! s$ch deceased #e"son o" 'e!o"e s$ch #e"son 'ecome o! $nso$nd mind

 An& comm$nica2 tion "ecei*ed in con!idence d$"in( the ma""ia(e

-./ Ci*il case '& one a(ainst the othe"8

-./ Ci*il case '& One a(ainst the othe"8

-1/ C"iminal case !o" c"ime committed '& one a(ainst the othe" o" the latte";s di"ect

-1/ C"iminal Case !o" c"ime committed '& one a(ainst the othe" o" the latte";s di"ect

D$"in( his te"m o! o!!ice o" a!te"wa"ds  An& comm$2 nication made '& the client to the atto"ne& o" his ad*ice (i*en the"eon in the co$"se o! o" with a *iew to #"o!essional em#lo&ment8 o" an& !act the )nowled(e o! which was ac4$i"ed '& the cle") steno("a2 #he" o" sec"eta"& in his ca#acit& as s$ch

 An& ad*ice o" t"eatment (i*en '& him o" an& in!o"mation which he ma& ha*e ac4$i"ed in attendin( s$ch #atient in a #"o!essional ca#acit& which in!o"mation was necessa"& to ena'le him to act in that ca#acit&

 An& con!ession made to o" an& ad*ice (i*en '& him in his #"o!essional cha"acte" in the co$"se o! disci#line en9oined '& his ch$"ch

Consent o! the client

Consent o! the #atient

Consent o! the #e"son ma)in( con!ession

Client

Patient

>es

>es

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law 

IT @E =AIVEDB

>es '& !ail$"e to ma)e a timel& o'9ection0

=es '& !ail$"e to ma)e a timel& o'9ection0

=es

>es

Consent o! the #e"son ma)in( con!ession

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law 

EXCEPTIONS TO THE HEARSAY RULE: (1) DYING DECLARATION Requisites:

-./ Death is imminent and decla"ant is conscio$s o! that !act0 -1/ The #"elimina"& !acts which '"in( the decla"ation within its sco#e m$st 'e made to a##ea"0 -3/ The decla"ation "elates to the !acts o" ci"c$mstances #e"tainin( to the !atal in9$"& o" death0 -5/ Decla"ant wo$ld ha*e 'een com#etent to testi!& had he s$"*i*ed0

() DECLARATION AGAINST INTEREST Requisites: 3

-./ Decla"ant m$st 'e deceased o" $na'le to testi!&0 -1/ The decla"ation m$st conce"n a !act co(ni,a'le '& decla"ant0 -3/ The ci"c$mstances m$st "ende" it im#"o'a'le that a moti*e to !alsi!& e%isted0 3

 Admissible against:

-./ Decla"ant8 -1/ Decla"ant;s s$ccesso"s2in2inte"est8 -3/ Thi"d #e"sons

(!) ACT OR DECLARATION ABOUT PEDIGREE PEDIREE

histo"& o! !amil& descent which is t"ansmitted !"om one (ene"ation to anothe" '& 'oth o"al and w"itten decla"ations and '& t"aditions0

Requisites:

-./ Decla"ant is dead o" $na'le to testi!&0 -1/ Necessit& that #edi("ee 'e in iss$e0 -3/ Decla"ant m$st 'e a "elati*e o! the #e"son whose #edi("ee is in 4$estion0 -5/ Decla"ation m$st 'e made 'e!o"e the cont"o*e"s& occ$""ed0 -6/ The "elationshi# 'etween the decla"ant and the #e"son whose #edi("ee is in 4$estion m$st 'e shown '& e*idence othe" than s$ch act o" decla"ation0

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law 

EXCEPTIONS TO THE HEARSAY RULE: (1) DYING DECLARATION Requisites:

-./ Death is imminent and decla"ant is conscio$s o! that !act0 -1/ The #"elimina"& !acts which '"in( the decla"ation within its sco#e m$st 'e made to a##ea"0 -3/ The decla"ation "elates to the !acts o" ci"c$mstances #e"tainin( to the !atal in9$"& o" death0 -5/ Decla"ant wo$ld ha*e 'een com#etent to testi!& had he s$"*i*ed0

() DECLARATION AGAINST INTEREST Requisites: 3

-./ Decla"ant m$st 'e deceased o" $na'le to testi!&0 -1/ The decla"ation m$st conce"n a !act co(ni,a'le '& decla"ant0 -3/ The ci"c$mstances m$st "ende" it im#"o'a'le that a moti*e to !alsi!& e%isted0 3

 Admissible against:

-./ Decla"ant8 -1/ Decla"ant;s s$ccesso"s2in2inte"est8 -3/ Thi"d #e"sons

(!) ACT OR DECLARATION ABOUT PEDIGREE PEDIREE

histo"& o! !amil& descent which is t"ansmitted !"om one (ene"ation to anothe" '& 'oth o"al and w"itten decla"ations and '& t"aditions0

Requisites:

-./ Decla"ant is dead o" $na'le to testi!&0 -1/ Necessit& that #edi("ee 'e in iss$e0 -3/ Decla"ant m$st 'e a "elati*e o! the #e"son whose #edi("ee is in 4$estion0 -5/ Decla"ation m$st 'e made 'e!o"e the cont"o*e"s& occ$""ed0 -6/ The "elationshi# 'etween the decla"ant and the #e"son whose #edi("ee is in 4$estion m$st 'e shown '& e*idence othe" than s$ch act o" decla"ation0

(") FAMILY REPUTATION OR TRADITION REGARDING PEDIGREE Requisites

-./ The"e is cont"o*e"s& in "es#ect to the #edi("ee o! an& mem'e"s o! a !amil&0 -1/ The "e#$tation o" t"adition o! the #edi("ee o! the #e"son conce"ned e%isted #"e*io$s to the cont"o*e"s&0 -3/ The witness testi!&in( to the "e#$tation o" t"adition "e(a"din( the #edi("ee o! the #e"son conce"ned m$st 'e a mem'e" o! the !amil& o! said #e"son eithe" '& consan($init& o" a!!init&0

(#) COMMON REPUTATION Mattes t!at ma" be establis!ed b" #ommon eputation: -./ Facts o! #$'lic o" (ene"al inte"est mo"e than 3 &ea"s old8 -1/ Ma""ia(e and "elated !acts8 -3/ Indi*id$al mo"al cha"acte"0 Requisites:

-./ The !acts m$st 'e o! #$'lic o" (ene"al inte"est and mo"e than 3 &ea"s old0 -1/ The common "e#$tation m$st ha*e 'een ancient i0e0 3 &ea"s o" one (ene"ation old0 -3/ The "e#$tation m$st ha*e 'een one !o"med amon( a class o! #e"sons who we"e in a #osition to ha*e some so$"ces o! in!o"mation and to cont"i'$te intelli(entl& to the !o"mation o! the o#inion0

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law  -5/ The common "e#$tation m$st ha*e 'een e%istin( #"io" to the cont"o*e"s&0 ($) PART OF THE RES GESTAE -a/ $pontaneous statements % statements o" e%clamations made immediatel& a!te" some e%citin( occasion '& a #a"tici#ant o" s#ectato" and asse"tin( the ci"c$mstances o! that occasion as it is o'se"*ed '& him0 Requisites:

-./ The"e m$st 'e a sta"tlin( occ$""ence0 -1/ The statement m$st "elate to the ci"c$mstances o! the sta"tlin( occ$""ence0 -3/ The statement m$st 'e s#ontaneo$s0

-'/ Vebal A#ts % $tte"ances which accom#an& some act o" cond$ct to which it is desi"ed to (i*e a le(al e!!ect0 Requisites:

-./ -1/ -3/ -5/

The act o" occ$""ence m$st 'e e4$i*ocal0 Ve"'al acts cha"acte"i,e o" e%#lain the e4$i*ocal act0 E4$i*ocal act m$st 'e "ele*ant to the iss$e0 Ve"'al acts m$st 'e contem#o"aneo$s with e4$i*ocal act0

(%) ENTRIES IN THE COURSE OF BUSINESS Requisites:

-./ Ent"ies m$st ha*e 'een made at o" nea" the time o! the t"ansaction to which the& "e!e"0 -1/ Ent"ant m$st ha*e 'een in a #osition to )now the !acts stated in the ent"ies0 -3/ Ent"ies m$st ha*e 'een made '& ent"ant in his #"o!essional ca#acit& o" in the #e"!o"mance o! his d$t&0 -5/ Ent"ies we"e made in the o"dina"& o" "e($la" co$"se o! '$siness o" d$ties0 -6/ Ent"ant m$st 'e deceased o" $na'le to testi!&0

(&) ENTRIES IN OFFICIAL RECORDS (') COMMERCIAL LISTS AND THE LIE (1)

LEARNED TREATISES

(11)

TESTIMONY OR DEPOSITION AT A FORMER PROCEEDING AUTHENTICATION AND PROOF OF DOCUMENTS

When is evidence of the authenticity of a private document not necessary?  =hen the doc$ment is -./ mo"e than 3 &ea"s old -1/ #"od$ced !"om a c$stod& in which it wo$ld nat$"all& 'e !o$nd i! (en$ine and -3/ $n'lemished '& an& alte"ations o" ci"c$mstances o! s$s#icion0 -R$le .31 Sec0 1./ How may the genuineness of handwriting be proved?  -./ It ma& 'e #"o*ed '& an& witness who 'elie*es it to 'e the handw"itin( o! s$ch #e"son 'eca$se -a/ he has seen the #e"son w"ite o"  -'/ he has seen w"itin( #$"#o"tin( to 'e his $#on which the witness has acted o" 'een cha"(ed

Evidence Handbook  Lambda Epsilon Xi – DVOREF College of Law  and has th$s ac4$i"ed )nowled(e o! the handw"itin( o! s$ch #e"son0 -1/ It ma& also 'e #"o*ed '& wa& o! com#a"ison made '& -a/ the witness8 o"  -'/ the co$"t with w"itin(s admitted o" t"eated as (en$ine '& the #a"t& a(ainst whom the e*idence is o!!e"ed o" #"o*ed to 'e (en$ine to the satis!action o! the 9$d(e0 -R$le .31 Sec0 11/ How may official records be proved?  -./ @& an o!!icial #$'lication the"eo!8 o"  -1/ @& a co#& attested '& the o!!ice" ha*in( the le(al c$stod& o! the "eco"d o" '& his de#$t&0 &ote I! the "eco"d is not )e#t in the Phili##ines the attestation m$st 'e accom#anied with a ce"ti!icate that s$ch o!!ice" has the c$stod&0 I! the o!!ice in which the "eco"d is )e#t is in a !o"ei(n co$nt"& the ce"ti!icate ma& 'e made '& -./ -1/ -3/ -5/ -6/ -/

sec"eta"& o! the em'ass& o" le(ation8 cons$l2(ene"al8 cons$l8 *ice2cons$l8 cons$la" a(ent8 o"  an& o!!ice" o! the !o"ei(n se"*ice o! the Phili##ines stationed in the !o"ei(n co$nt"& in which the "eco"d is )e#t0

In all these cases the ce"ti!ication m$st 'e a$thenticated '& the seal o! his o!!ice0 -R$le .31 Sec0 15/ How may a judicial record be impeached?  @& e*idence o! -./ want o! 9$"isdiction in the co$"t o" 9$dicial o!!ice"8 -1/ coll$sion 'etween the #a"ties8 o"  -3/ !"a$d in the #a"t& o!!e"in( the "eco"d in "es#ect to the #"oceedin(s0 -R$le .31 Sec0 1G/ How must alterations be accounted for?  The #a"t& #"od$cin( a doc$ment as (en$ine ma& show that the alte"ation -./ -1/ -3/ -5/

was made '& anothe" witho$t his conc$""ence8 o"  was made with the consent o! the #a"ties a!!ected '& it8 o"  was othe"wise #"o#e"l& o" innocentl& made o"  did not chan(e the meanin( o" lan($a(e o! the inst"$ment0

What is the effect of failure to explain alterations in a document?  The doc$ment shall not 'e admissi'le in e*idence0