Ethical Standards in Writing Literature Review

ETHICAL ST S TAND ANDARDS ARDS IN RESEARCH

DEFINING

- norms for conduct that delineate the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behavior; - sense of right and wrong;

DEFINING

-an approach, process or perspective for choosing how to act on certain issues or situation, and for probing complicated problem or issues;

ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH

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Transparency; Purpose should be clearly defined;

Participants should not be exposed to any kind of potential hazards; Confidentiality of participants’ identities is an essential consideration; Proper dissemination of findings: accountability, authenticity, accuracy;

Safekeeping of data (prescriptive period of 5 years).

ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH

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Things to avoid: of data- fraudulent practices like falsification, alteration, misrepresentation , concealing of findings - biased or subjective language - labeling people / singling out a group - assuming authorship of another’s work (plagiarism)

“When there is not a community, trust, respect, ethical behavior are difficult for the young to learn and for the old to maintain.” - Robert K. Greenleaf 

IDENTIFYING RESEARCH FOCUS

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Clarify or narrow down the identified topic area; Potentially easier to measure and address; Define the main idea; Identify the area (specific problems) affected by the problem focus

RESEARCH TOPIC GUIDELINES  Acceptability – how researchers view the topic in relation to the field of study

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 Applicability – the usefulness of the research output to a wider group of people; - implications to theory, research and practice

RESEARCH PROBLEM

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Area affected by the identified topic, issue, or phenomenon; 3 components: - context/background – how the problem is formulated; places the research problem within a bigger setting - rationale – major purpose; specific objectives; state in a more specific manner - significance – possible contributions to knowledge and practices

RESEARCH TITLE

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Deduce what the paper is about; Be brief and avoid wasting words; Eliminate unnecessary words such an ‘Approach to…’ and ‘A Study of…’; Use 12 or less substantive words; Eliminate most articles and prepositions;

RESEARCH TITLE

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Make sure it includes the focus or topic of the study; Capture relevant ideas: - variables - research design - argument - locus

RESEARCH QUESTION/S

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Refer to the problem/phenomenon; Should be clear and specific;

Could be more than one; Note the target population/participants; Reflect intervention in experimental work;

Shed light on appropriate research methods

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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Backdrop as to how the study will make a contribution to current knowledge /practice; Identify the group of people which findings will prove to be relevant; Justification for the study;

Why is it relevant? To whom is it relevant?

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

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What the researcher intends to do and does not intend to do;

Scope – all the things relevant in order to provide solutions to the issues; Limitations – matter and occurrences beyond researcher’s control; Delimitations – characteristics that arise from the exclusion and inclusion decisions made during research planning ;

EXERCISE:

Given the following research, identify the: a. Variables b. Locus c. Argument d. Research design

1. Antecedents of Service Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Full Service Restaurants in Korea 2. Push and pull factors affecting shadow education participation of Basic Education students in the Philippines 3. Impact of education and skill mismatch in the work productivity of employees in the BPO service industry 4. The Influence of Successor-Related Factors on the Succession Process in small and Medium-Sized Family Business 5. Directive Versus participative Leadership: Two complementary Approaches to managing school Effectiveness