Estudio de Competitividad Del Sector Hotelero de La Ciudad de Loja

 

Á_JA GZ_É@HNA ^MNHAC X A@IHKH^P_APHUA NA__J_A @J A@IHKH^P_ANHÞK @J JIV_J^A^ –J^PZ@HM @J NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ @JC ^JNPM_ BMPJCJ_M @J CA NHZ@A@ @J CMGA AÑM ?611’.  

PJ^H^ V_JUHM A CA MOPJKNHÞK  @JC L_A@M @J HKLJKHJ_A NMIJ_NHAC

AZPM_A7

Vatrhnha Jchsaojtb Oustaiaktj Varj`js @H_JNPM_ 7 Il. ^n. Nèsar A. Kjhra Bhkmstrmza

CMGA - JNZA@M_ ?61?

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NJ_PHEHNANHÞK

Il. ^n. Nèsar A. Kjh Kjhra ra Bhkmstrmza @MNJKPJ @J CA NA__J_A @J A@IHKH^P_ANHÞK A@IHKH^P_ANHÞK @J JIV JIV_J^A^ _J^A^ @J CA ZKHUJ_^H@A@ KANHMKAC @J CMGA 

NJ_PHEHNM7 Quj ca tjshs prjvha a ca motjknhþk `jc tétucm `j Hkljkhjra Nmijrnhac thtuca`m –J^PZ@HM @J @J NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ @JC ^JNPM_ BMPJCJ_M  @J CA NHZ@A@ @J CMGA AÑM ?611’, euj jcaomra`a y prjsjkta`a pmr ca

pmstucaktj Vatrhnha Jchsaojtb Oustaiaktj Varj`js, ca ihsia quj ba sh`m `hrhlh`a y rjvhsa`a ihkunhmsaijktj jk tm`m prmnjsm `j jcaomranhþk, y nuipcj nmk cas kmrias ljkjracjs `j emk`m y emria jstaocjnh`as pmr ca Zkhvjrsh`a` Kanhmkac `j Cmga jk su rjlcaijktm `j lra`uanhþk.   Vmr cm jxpujstm aktjrhmrijktj, jk nach`a` `j @hrjntmr `j tjshs, autmrhzm su prjsjktanhþk Cmga, Gukhm `jc ?61?

Nèsar A. Kjhra Bhkmstrmza Il. ^n @H_JNPM_ @J PJ^H^

HH

 

 

AZPM_ÉA

Pétucm `j ca Vrjsjktj Pjshs7 –J^PZ@HM @J NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ @JC ^JNPM_ BMP BMPJCJ_M JCJ_M @J CA NHZ@A@ @J CMGA AÑM ?611’ 

Jsta mora js autmréa `j Vatrhnha Jchsaojtb Oustaiaktj Varj`js, jlrjsa`a `j ca narrjra a`ihkhstranhþk `j jiprjsas `j ca Zkhvjrsh`a` kanhmkac `j Cmga. Pm`as cas h`jas, nmknjptms, mphkhmkjs, nmkncushmkjs j hkemrianhþk quj nmkthjkj jc prjsjktj traoagm smk `j jxncushva rjspmksaohch`a` `j ca autmra.

--------------------------------------------------Vatrhnha Jchsaojtb Oustaiaktj Varj`js

HHH

 

 

AL_A@JNHIHJKPM

Alra`jznm iuy jspjnhacijktj a ca Zkhvjrsh`a` Kanhmkac `j Cmga pmr pjrihthr avakzar ih prjparanhþk prmejshmkac jk ca narrjra A`ihkhstranhþk `j jiprjsas, pmr jc n÷iucm `j vacmrjs y nmkmnhihjktms quj ij orhk`armk para nucihkar ih Narrjra Vrmejshmkac. Ih iás shknjrm alra`jnhihjktm ac Hkl., @hrjntmr `j Pjshs, quj nmk su asjsmréa y ayu`a `jshktjrjsa`a nmcaomrþ nmk ca jcaomranhþk y nucihkanhþk `jc prjsjktj traoagm.

Vatrhnha Jchsaojtb Oustaia O ustaiaktj ktj Varj`js

HU

 

@J@HNAPM_HA

Nmk prmeuk`m aejntm y narhñm a ih Zkhvjrsh`a`, Zkhvjrsh` a`, nuka `jc saojr quj nmk vjr`a`jra `jimnranha y bmkjsth`a` sjiorarmk jk ih nmrazþk ca hkquhjtu` nmkstaktj `j ca nhjknha y `j ca hkvjsthlanhþk. A ih eaihcha pmr jc apmym orhk`a`m par nucihkar jsta ijta.

Vatrhnha Jchsaojtb Oustaia O ustaiaktj ktj Varj`js

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a) PHPZCM –J^PZ@HM @J NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ @JC ^JNPM_ BMPJCJ_M @J CA NHZ@A@ @J CMGA AÑM ?611’ 

 

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o. _J^ZIJK

Ca anthvh`a` bmtjcjra js iuy hipmrtaktj y sanrhehna`a, rjquhrhjk`m `j iunbm jseujrzm y nrjathvh`a`, nrjathvh`a`, jsta thjkj uka ék ékthia thia rjcanhþk nmk jc sjntm sjntmrr turésthnm, ljkjrak`m rjnursms y eujktjs `j jipcjm taktm `hrjntas nmim hk`hrjntas, `jiak`ak`m nmkstaktjs naiohms j hkkmvanhmkjs quj pjrihtak uk ijgmr sjrvhnhm y atjknhþk `j cms usuarhms.

Vmr jstas jstas razmkjs razmkjs jc prjsjktj prmyjntm thjkj nmim nmim ehkach`a` rjachzar rjachzar uk jstu`hm `j nmipjththvh`a` nmipjththvh`a` jk jc sjntmr sjntmr Bmtjcjrm Bmtjcjrm `j ca nhu`a` `j Cmga, nnmk mk jc prmpþshtm `j ijgmrar jc euknhmkaihjktm, euknhmkaihjkt m, y atjknhþk `j cms usuarhms.

Vara ca rjachzanhþk `j ca prjsjktj hkvjsthlanhþk, sj tmiþ jk nmksh`jranhþk aclukms aspjntms tacjs nmim7 ca rjvhshþk `j chtjratura, jk ca quj banj rjejrjknhaa ac Iarnm _jejrjknhac y nmknjptuac jk tmrkm ac jstu`hm rjachza`m. rjejrjknh Jk ca ijtm`mcmléa ijtm`mcmléa uthchza`a nmkstak cms iètm iètm`ms `ms y tènkhnas `j hkvjsthlanhþk hkvjsthlanhþk jipcja`as para jc `jsarrmccm `jc prjsjktj traoagm hkvjsthlathvm, nmk su nmrrjspmk`hjktj taiañm `j ca iujstra. Jk cms _jsucta`ms _jsucta`ms sj rjachza uk `halkþsthnm `halkþsthnm shtuanhmkac shtuanhmkac `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm bmtjcjrm jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga, sjl÷k hkemrianhþk `jc Ihkhstjrhm `j Purhsim y jc

 

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@jpartaijktm @jpartaij ktm `j Purhsim `jc Iukhnhphm Iukhnhphm `j ca Nhu`a` Nhu`a` `j Cmga Cmga,, `jc natastrm `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga `jc añm ?611, jk jc quj nmkthjkj ca kujva ncashehnanhþk quj nmksta `j Bmtjcjs, Bmstacjs, Bmstacjs `j _jsh`jknha, Bmtjcjs `j _jsh`jknha, Bmstjréas, y Vjkshmkjs4 Vjkshmkjs4 asé ihsim sj apchnþ jknujstas a cms Ljrjktjs Ljrjktjs y A`ihkhstra`mrjs `j cms :5 :5 bmtjcjs jxhstjktjs jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga, taiohèk sj apchnþ jknujstas a cms turhstas quj vhshtarmk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga, jk jc pjrhm`m jkjrm gukhm `jc añm ?6114 cujlm sj rjachzm uk akáchshs `j cms eantmrjs quj hknh`jk jk jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm jk jc nuac sj akachza aclukms eantmrjs quj hknh`jk jk ca nmipjththvh`a` nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra. Paiohèk nmk jstms aktjnj`jktjs aktjnj`jktjs sj prmnj`j a `jsarrmccar `jsarrmcc ar uk akáchshs akáchshs y jstu`hm EM@A, `j cms eantmrjs hktjrkms y jxtjrkms jxtjrkms

para p pm`jr m`jr `jtjrihkar sus rjacjs emrtacjzas, emrtacjzas, `joh `johch`a`js, ch`a`js,

mpmrtukh`a`js y aijkazas, para ehkacijktj jstrunturar cas iatrhz `j actm hipantm y pmk`jranhþk.

@jktrm `j ca @hsnushþk sj aomr`a jc akáchshs `j ` j ca nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga jk oasj a cms sjrvhnhms quj prjstak ac nchjktj4 sj `ak a nmkmnjr pmcéthnas quj `jojk tjkjr cms bmtjcjs sjl÷k jc ihkhstjrhm `j turhsim para tjkjr uka natjlmréa jk jstj sjntmr bmtjcjrm4 sj prmpmkjk jstratjlhas para pmkjr jk iarnbas jstas pmcéthnas y para ijgmrar ca nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga4 jk ca prmpujsta `j cms mogjthvms sj prjsjktak : mogjthvms jstratèlhnms7

 

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Mogjthvm Jstratèlhnm K· 1

Jcaomrar pcakjs `j imthvanhþk j hknjkthvms a ehk `j larakthzar quj cms usuarhms `j ca jiprjsa

bmtjcjra sj shjktak sathsejnbms nmk jc sjrvhnhm

orhk`a`m. Mogjthvm Jstratèlhnm K· ?

Jstaocjnjr Jstaocjn jr prjnhms nmipjththvms `j bmspj`agj quj hknrjijktjk ca `jiak`a `j jstj sjrvhnhm bmtjcjrm jk tjipmra`as oagas.  Mogjthvm Jstratèlhnm K· >

Jcaomrar Jcaomr ar pcakjs `j napanhtanhþk para jc pjrsmkac quj traoaga jk cas jiprjsas bmtjcjras jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga, a ehk `j ijgmrar ca atjknhþk y sjrvhnhm a cms nchjktjs. Mogjthvm Jstratèlhnm K· 0

Jcaomrar uk pcak puochnhtarhm nmrpmrathvm quj pjrihta `ar a nmkmnjr cas omk`a`js y sjrvhnhms quj merjnjk cas hksthtunhmkjs bmtjcjras `j Cmga. Mogjthvm Jstratèlhnm K·:

@hsjñar uk pcak `j ` j iaktjkhihjktm `j cas hkstacanhmkjs bmtjcjras. Ehkacijktj sj prjsjktak cas nmkncushmkjs y rjnmijk`anhmkjs quj sj bak `jtjrihka`m, `jktrm `jc prjsjktj traoagm hkvjsthlathvm.

 

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^ZIIA_X

Pbj bmtjc oushkjss hs vjry hipmrtakt ak` sanrhehnj`, rjquhrhkl iunb jeemrt ak` nrjathvhty4 ht bas a ncmsj rjcathmksbhp whtb tbj tmurhsi sjntmr, ljkjrathkl rjsmurnjs ak` smurnjs me `hrjnt ak` hk`hrjnt jipcmyijkt, rjquhrhkl nmkstakt nbakljs ak` hkkmvathmks tbat accmw emr ojttjr sjrvhnj ak` narj usjrs.

Emr tbjsj rjasmks, tbhs prmgjnt ahis tm nmk`unt a stu`y me nmipjththvjkjss hk tbj bmtjc sjntmr hk tbj nhty me Cmga, hk mr`jr tm hiprmvj pjremriaknj, ak` usjr attjkthmk.

Pm narry mut tbhs hkvjsthlathmk, wj tmmd hktm nmksh`jrathmk smij aspjnts sunb as chtjraturj rjvhjw, wbhnb rjejrs tm tbj luh`hkl eraijwmrd ak` nmknjptuac stu`y aomut. Pbj ijtbm`mcmly usj` nmkshsts me ijtbm`s ak` rjsjarnb tjnbkhqujs usj` emr tbj `jvjcmpijkt me tbhs rjsjarnb wmrd, whtb hts nmrrjspmk`hkl saipcj shzj. _jsucts Hk a shtuathmk assjssijkt hs pjremrij` hk tbj bmtjc hk`ustry hk tbj nhty me Cmga, Annmr`hkl tm tbj Ihkhstry me Pmurhsi ak` tbj Pmurhsi @jpartijkt me tbj Nhty Iukhnhpachty me Cmga, tbj na`astrj me tbj bmtjc sjntmr hk tbj nhty me Cmga, ?611, hk tbj nmktahkhkl tbj kjw ncasshehnathmk nmkshsthkl me Bmtjcs, Bmstjcs, Bmstjcs _jsh`jkny _jsh`jkny Bmtjcs, Hkks ak` Lujstbmusjs, chdjwhsj

 

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appchj` survjys iakaljrs ak` a`ihkhstratmrs me tbj :5 jxhsthkl bmtjcs hk tbj nhty me Cmga, acsm appchj` pmccs tmurhsts wbm vhshtj` tbj nhty me Cmga, hk tbj pjrhm` Gakuary-Gukj ?611, tbjk pjremrij` ak akacyshs me eantmrs aeejnthkl tbj bmtjc hk`ustry hk wbhnb wj akacyzj smij eantmrs tbat aeejnt tbj nmipjththvjkjss me bmtjcs, acsm ia`j a akacyshs me tbj emrnjs me Vmrtjr. \htb tbhs oandlrmuk` wj prmnjj` tm `jvjcmp a ^\MP akacyshs ak` stu`y me tbj hktjrkac ak` jxtjrkac eantmrs tm `jtjrihkj tbjhr rjac strjkltbs, wjadkjssjs, mppmrtukhthjs ak` tbrjats, ak` ehkaccy tbj iatrhx strunturj me bhlb hipant ak` wjhlbt.

\htbhk tbj @hsnusshmk a``rjssjs a nmipjththvjkjss akacyshs bmtjc hk tbj nhty me Cmga mk tbj oashs me sjrvhnjs rjk`jrj` tm tbj nchjkt4 `hsncmsj` pmchnhjs tbat sbmuc` bavj tbj bmtjcs annmr`hkl tm tmurhsi ihkhstry tm bavj a natjlmry hk tbj bmtjc sjntmr, prmpmsjs stratjlhjs tm hipcjijkt tbjsj pmchnhjs ak` iarnbjs tm hiprmvj tbj nmipjththvjkjss me bmtjcs hk tbj nhty me Cmga, hk tbj prmpmsac prjsjktj` tarljts appjarhkl : stratjlhn mogjnthvjs7 ^tratjlhn Mogjnthvj Km. 1 @jvjcmp imthvathmk ak` hknjkthvj pcaks tm jksurj tbat tbj staee me tbj nmipaky imrj jeehnhjkt hk tbjhr wmrd tm avmh` cmss me nustmijrs. ^tratjlhn Mogjnthvj Km. ?

 

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Nmipjththvj prhnhkl me bmushkl tm hknrjasj tbj `jiak` emr bmtjc sjrvhnjs hk cmw sjasmk. ^tratjlhn Mogjnthvj Km. > @jvjcmp trahkhkl pcaks emr staee wmrdhkl hk tbj bmtjc oushkjss hk tbj nhty me Cmga, hk mr`jr tm hiprmvj narj ak` nustmijr sjrvhnj. ^tratjlhn Mogjnthvj Km. 0 @jvjcmp a pcak tbat accmws nmrpmratj a`vjrthshkl tm puochnhzj tbj ojkjehts ak` sjrvhnjs meejrj` oy hksthtuthmks me Cmga bmtjc. ^tratjlhn Mogjnthvj Km. : @jshlk a iahktjkaknj pcak me tbj bmtjc eanhchthjs. Ehkaccy, wj prjsjkt tbj nmkncushmks ak` rjnmiijk`athmks tbat bavj ojjk h`jkthehj` whtbhk tbhs rjsjarnb wmrd.

 

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n. HKP_M@ZNNHÞK

Ca anthvh`a anthvh`a` ` Bmtjcjra rjquhjrj rjquhjr j `j uka hkkmvanhþk pjriakjktj, quj pjrihta cmlrms y ijtas shlkhehnathvas jk ojkjehnhm `j sé ihsim y pmr jk`j `j ca smnhj`a`, ij`haktj jstj prhknhphm sj prmiujvj uka `hkáihna hktjrka nmim jxtjrka para nmkstruhr uk uk pujktj jktrj jktrj prjsjktj y jjcc euturm `jsja`m. `jsja`m. Vara quj jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm sja jxhtmsm js kjnjsarhm a`aptarsj ac naiohm shk aoak`mkar cas emrtacjzas, a`jiás `j vjr ca rjach`a` `j ca jiprjsa y su napanh`a` `j rjspujsta aktj ca nmipjtjknha.  Jsta bjrraihjkta ayu`ará ac sjntmr bmtjcjrm a nmksmch`arsj jk jc ijrna`m jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga y sus acrj`j`mrjs iaktjkhjk`m tmtacijktj sathsejnbms a cms nchjktjs quj uthchzak jstms sjrvhnhms, `ak`m a nmkmnjr ij`haktj uk shkk÷ijrm `j jstratjlhas tm`as cas cas vjktagas quj cjs merjnjk merjnjk cas jiprjsas taktm taktm jk oujkms sjrvhnhms, oujk tratm banha cms nchjktjs, rjsnatak`m r jsnatak`m tm`as aqujccas annhmkjs annhmkjs quj `j uka u mtra iakjra cj pjrihtak ac sjntmr bmtjcjrm ijgmrar su shtuanhþk antuac. Jc prjsjktj traoagm `j hkvjsthlanhþk js apmrtar nmk uk jstu`hm `j nmipjththvh`a` jk cms sjntmrjs bmtjcjrms jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga ,quj pjrihta ijgmrar jc traoagm jk jquhpm y ca a`jnua`a tmia `j `jnhshmkjs, nmk ca hktjknhþk `j supjrar cas `hejrjktjs `jehnhjknhas jxhstjktjs jxhstjktjs

`j cas

mrlakhzanhmkjs, cas ihsias quj eujrmk h`jkthehna`as nmk uk prmnjsm

 

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ijtm`mcþlhnm, jk `mk`j sj apchnþ aclukms iètm`ms y tènkhnas `j hkvjsthlanhþkk quj shrvhjrmk para jxtrajr ca hkemrian hkvjsthlanhþ hkemrianhþk hþk kjnjsarha y jstaocjnjr ca shtuanhþk rjac `j nmim sj jknujktrak cas `hejrjktjs jiprjsas bmtjcjras jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga. Vmr mtrm ca`m sj jejntuþ uk `halkmsthnm shtuanhmkac `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm jk ca nhu`a` `j Cmga, sjl÷k hkemrianhþk `jc Ihkhstjrhm `j Purhsim y jc @jpartaijktm `j turhsim `jc Iukhnhphm `j ca Nhu`a` Cmga4 sj `jtjrihkþ quj jsta nhu`a` nujkta jc natastrm bmtjcjrm nmk :5 hksthtunhmkjs bmtjcjras jxhstjktjs ac añm ?611, quj shrvhþ nmim oasj para motjkjr ca hkemrianhþk kjnjsarha `jc jktmrkm `jc jstu`hm nmipjththvm `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm4 para cujlm rjachzar uk akáchshs `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm, a travès `j uka jknujsta `hrhlh`a a cms ljrjktjs y a`ihkhstra`mrjs `j cms bmtjcjs nmk uk k÷ijrm tmtac `j :5,y uka sjluk`a jknujsta apchna`a a cms turhstas `j ca nhu`a` `j Cmga nmk uka iujstra `j 066 jknujstas, jk `mk`j sj `jtjrihkm jc pmshnhmkaihjktm, ca atjknhþk y jc sjrvhnhm quj rjnhojk cms nchjktjs y sus suljrjknhas rjspjnthvas4 sj akachzarmk cms eantmrjs quj hknh`jk jk jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm nmim smk7 jc pmcéthnm, jnmkþihnm, tjnkmcþlhnm, smnhac, nmipjththvm y jc eantmr turésthnm shjk`m jstj iuy hipmrtaktjj ya quj lran hipmrtakt lranhas has ac turhsim bay iás rjktaohch`a` jk cms cms bmtjcjs, nmk jc akáchshs `j tm`ms jstms jcjijktms aktjrhmrijktj aktjrhmrij ktj `jsnrhtms sj prmnj`hþ a ca nmkstrunnhþk `j ca iatrhz EM@A, asé ihsim sj pmk`jrþ cms eantmrjs

 

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jxtjrkms j hktjrkms `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm, pmstjrhmr a jstm sj nmkstruyþ uka iatrhz `j actm actm hipantm hipantm y pmk`jranhþk pmk`jranhþk quj shrvhþ nmim nmim rjejrjktj tènkhnm para `jtjrihkar cms mogjthvms quj sjrvhrák para ijgmrar ca nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra.

Jk tmrkm ac annhmkar `jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm sj `jtjrihkþ ca nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra `jktrm `j ca nhu`a`, `mk`j sj prjsjktak prjsjktak cms sjrvhnhms quj orhk`ak cms bmtjcjs shjk`m cms `j cugm cms quj thjkjk uk 166% jk hipcjijktanhþk y nach`a` `j sjrvhnhms, sjrvhnhms, y cms bmtjcjs bmtjcjs `j nuarta nuarta natjlmréa natjlmréa thjkjk uk oagm pmrnjktagj 10% `j prjstanhþk `j sjrvhnhms, js `jnhr narjnjk `j jstms, pmr cm rjlucar jstms bmtjcjs smcm nujktak nmk cms sjrvhnhms oáshnms4 Paiohèk sj akachzm ca nmipjththvh`a` `j cms bmtjcjs nmk ca emriuca sjl÷k sus natjlmréas `j cugm, prhijra, prhijra, sjluk`a, tjrnjra y nuarta, para asé nmkmn nmkmnjr jr nuác js jc hklrjsm pmr nuartms `hspmkhocjs sjl÷k jc pmshnhmkaihjktm `jc bmtjc4 ij`haktj jstm sj `ak a nmkmnjr aclukas pmcéthnas quj `jojk tjkjr cms bmtjcjs para su nrjnhihjktm

y cas jstratjlhas para jc jc nuipchihjk nuipchihjktm tm `j jstas pmcéthnas, pmcéthnas,

prjsjktak`m prmpujstas `j cms mogjthvms jstratèlhnms quj ayu`arak a ijgmrar ca nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra.

 

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Mtrm `j cms aspjntms iás hipmrtaktjs jk jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm js tjkjr uka iaymr anmlh`a jk jc ijrna`m, cmlrar uk ijgmr pmshnhmkaihjktm `jc ijrna`m mogjthvm jk jstu`hm y jejntuar uk ijgmr sjrvhnhm y atjknhþk a tm`ms quhjkjs jk emria `hrjnta m hk`hrjnta mnupjk cms sjrvhnhms `j jsta jiprjsa.

Vmr ÷cthim smk jxpujstas cas nmkncushmkjs y rjnmijk`anhmkjs a cas quj sj ccjlþ, para asé prmpmkjr y `ar smcunhþk a cms prmocjias quj aqujgak ac sjntmr bmtjcjrm para aprmvjnbar cas mpmrtukh`a`js quj orhk`ak na`a ukm `j cms bmtjcjs banha cms nchjktjs.

 

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`. _JUH^HÞK @J CHPJ_APZ_A 

1.  BMPJC –Zk bmtjc  js uk j`hehnhm pcakhehna`m y anmk`hnhmka`m para acojrlar a cas

pjrsmkas tjipmracijktj y quj pjrihtj a cms vhshtaktjs sus `jspcazaihjktms. Cms bmtjcjs prmvjjk a cms buèspj`js `j sjrvhnhms a`hnhmkacjs nmim rjstauraktjs,   phsnhkas y luar`jréas.  rjstauraktjs, luar`jréas.  Aclukms bmtjcjs thjkjk sjrvhnhms `j nmkejrjknhas y akhiak a lrupms a mrlakhzar  mrlakhzar  nmkvjknhmkjs y rjukhmkjs jk su jstaocjnhihjktm. Cms bmtjcjs jsták kmriacijktj, ncashehna`ms jk natjlmréas sjl÷k jc lra`m `j nmkemrt, pmshnhmkaihjktm, jc khvjc `j sjrvhnhms quj merjnjk. Jk na`a paés puj`jk jknmktrarsj cas natjlmréas shluhjktjs7 Jstrjccas (`j 1 a :, ) Cjtras (`j J a A) Ncasjs (`j ca nuarta a ca prhijra) M_HLJK @JC KMIO_J

Ca pacaora bmtjc `jrhva `jc  `jc  eraknès bmtjc, quj mrhlhkacijktj sj rjejréa a uka vjrshþk eraknjsa `j uka nasa a`msa`a, km a uk cular quj merjnhjra acmgaihjktm1.

1 ^uzakkj

^tjwart \jhksshljr. Hktrm`unnhþk a cas Anthvh`a`js Bmtjcjras.

 

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JCJIJKPM^

Cms jcjijktms oáshnms `j uk nuartm `j bmtjc smk uka naia, naia,   uk ariarhm, uk ariarhm, uka  uka ijsa pjqujña nmk shcca ac ca`m y uk cavaiakms. uk  cavaiakms.   Mtras narantjrésthnas puj`jk sjr uk nuartm `j oañm, uk tjcèemkm uk `jspjrta`mr,   uka tjcjvhshþk y nmkjxhþk hkacáiorhna a Hktjrkjt. `jspjrta`mr, Hktjrkjt.   A`jiás cms ihkh-oarjs (quj hkncuyjk a ijku`m uk rjerhljra`mr pjqujñm) puj`jk prmvjjr `j nmih`a y ojoh`as, taiohèk puj`jk nmktjkjr omtakas y ojoh`as y cm kjnjsarhm para prjparar tè prjparar tè y naeè.   naeè.  Jstas smk cas nuach`a`js `j na`a uka `j ca ncashehnanhþk `j uk bmtjc smehsthna`m, jxnjcjktj `hsjñm y sjrvhnhm `j acta nach`a` quj puj`j sjr7 iuy oujkm, oujkm m kmriac. Jc Phpm `j ^jrvhnhm7 sj rjehjrj a ca emria jk quj sj shrvj ac buèspj` ca nmih`a

y ca ojoh`a. ^jrvhnhm a ca Ijsa7  Cms nchjktjs smk nmk`unh`ms a ca ijsa pmr uk naiarjrm.

^j tmia ca mr`jk jk ca ijsa, ca nmih`a y ca ojoh`a sj ccjva asé ihsim a ca ijsa. ^jrvhnhm `j Oueejt7  Jc sjrvhnhm `j oueejt sujcj hr asmnha`m a anmktjnhihjktms

jspjnhacjs y cms hkvhta`ms sj anjrnak a ca ijsa `jc oueejt a rjnmljr ca nmih`a y ca ojoh`a. Jc eantmr `hsthkthvm js quj jc buèspj` sj thjkj quj anjrnar a ca ijsa `jc oueejt a sjrvhrsj.

 

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^jrvhnhm @j Oakqujtjs7  Js iuy shihcar ac sjrvhnhm `j ijsa, pmrquj cms

naiarjrms ccjvak ca nmih`a a ca ijsa `jc buèspj`. ^hk jioarlm, jc sjrvhnhm `j oakqujtjs rjquhjrj a ijku`m quj sj trakspmrtj ca nmih`a `js`j uka nmnhka njktrac.’? 

PHVM^ @J BMPJCJ^ –Jxhstjk bmtjcjs `j `hvjrsms thpms atjk`hjk`m a sus hkstacanhmkjs y ac jktmrkm

jk quj sj jknujktrak. a)  Bmtjcjs `j Nhu`a` m Zroakms

^mk cms bmtjcjs shtua`ms jk cas nhu`a`js, kmriacijktj jk cms njktrms bhstþrhnms y zmkas nmijrnhacjs m `j kjlmnhms. Merjnjk tm`m thpm `j khvjcjs y sj mrhjktak taktm ac turhsim nmim ac acmgaihjktm jk cms `jspcazaihjktms `j kjlmnhms.

Bay uka aipcha laia `j jstaocjnhih jstaocjnhihjktms jktms bmtjcjrms rjparth`ms rjparth` ms

pmr tm`as cas nhu`a`js nhu`a`js `jc iuk`m, para tm`ms cms lustms y tm`ms tm`ms cms omcshccms (m napanh`a` jnmkþihnas `j cms vhagjrms). Aclukms bmtjcjs sj bak nmkstruh`m pjksak`m jk quhjkjs ousnak `hserutar `j cms sjrvhnhms `j ca baohtanhþk, acta nmnhka, hkstacanhmkjs `jpmrthvas y tm`a ncasj `j `jtaccjs. o)  Bmtjcjs `j Ajrmpujrtm

Jsták shtua`ms jk cas prmxhih`a`js `j cms prhknhpacjs ajrmpujrtms, jspjnhacijktj nuak`m jsták acjga`ms `j cms njktrms uroakms a cms quj shrvjk. ?bttp7//btic.rhknmk`jcvalm.nmi/sjrvhnhm-bmtjcjrm.btic

 

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^u prhknhpac nchjktjca smk pasagjrms jk trákshtm m `j jktra`a sach`a shk thjipm suehnhjktj para `jspcazarsj a ca nhu`a` y trhpucanhmkjs `j cas cékjas aèrjas.  

n) Bmtjcjs `j Vcaya

Jsták shtua`ms jk cas prmxhih`a`js `j cas prhknhpacjs pcayas. ^u nchjktjca nash jxncushvaijktj smk turhstas `j turhsim iashvm ljsthmka`m pmr mpjra`mrjs aukquj km eactak pjqujñms jstaocjnhihjktms `j`hna`ms a turhsim hk`hvh`uac. Cas jstaknhas sujcjk sjr `j varhms `éas. Jstms bmtjcjs jk su iaymréa pjrtjkjnjk a lrak`js na`jkas bmtjcjras quj ljkjrak hklrjsms y ojkjehnhms para cas nmiukh`a`js `mk`j sj nmkstruyjk. `)  Bmtjcjs Vmsa`a

Zka pmsa`a js uk jstaocjnhihjktm para vhagjrms quj prmpmrnhmka sjrvhnhms `j rjstauranhþk y acmgaihjktm. Aclukas smk iuy akthluas. @mk`j jc palm js ijkmr a ca `j uk bmtjc nmi÷k. j) Imtjcjs ^mk jstaocjnhihjktms jstaocjnhihjktms shtua`ms jk cas prmxhih`a`js `j narrjtjras quj eanhchtak acmgaihjktm jk `jpartaijktms nmk laragj y jktra`a hk`jpjk`hjktj para jstaknha `j nmrta `uranhþk. Phjkjk uk oagm ék`hnj `j jstaknha m `j acmgaihjktm msnhcak`m jktrj cas ?0 bmras y 02 bmras.

 

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e) Bmtjcjs Omuthquj

Jc tèrihkm bmtjcjs omuthquj  js mrhlhkarhm `j Jurmpa, uthchza`m para `jsnrhohr bmtjcjs `j jktmrkms ékthims, ljkjracijktj cugmsms m km nmkvjknhmkacjs y jipcaza`ms jk akthluas nasas. Jstms bmtjcjs sj `hejrjknhak `j cas lrak`js na`jkas pmr merjnjr uka ncasj `j acmgaihjktm, sjrvhnhms j hkstacanhmkjs jxnjpnhmkacjs y pjrsmkachza`as. l) Bmtjcjs Uananhmkacjs

^mk bmtjcjs quj sj bak `hsjña`m para `hserutarcms jk nuacquhjr èpmna `jc añm shtua`ms jk prhijra cékja `j iar’>.

NA@JKA^ BMPJCJ_A^

Cas na`jkas Bmtjcjras smk aqujc nmkguktm `j jiprjsas alrupa`as, jk emria `j nmknjktranhþk vjrthnac, nmk `hsthktas eþriucas `j prmphj`a` y `j ljsthþk nuya ehkach`a` js ca `j motjkjr uka iaymr rjktaohch`a`, uka shtuanhþk `j pm`jr, nmktrmc y prjsthlhm jk jc ijrna`m kanhmkac j hktjrkanhmkac. Cas prhknhpacjs narantjrésthnas `j cas `hejrjktjs ncasjs `j na`jkas smk7 Na`jka emria`a pmr bmtjcjs kanhmkacjs prmphms.

> Iakuac

`j A`ihkhstranhþk A`ihkhst ranhþk Bmtjcjra. Ohochmtjna `j emrianhþk Vrmejshmkac

 

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Na`jka hktjrkanhmkac emria`a pmr bmtjcjs prmphms shtua`ms jk varhms paésjs. Na`jka emria`a pmr bmtjcjs prmphms y bmtjcjs a`bjrh`ms. Na`jka emria`a pmr bmtjcjs prmphj`a` `j parthnucarjs, pjrm ljsthmka`ms y a`ihkhstra`ms oagm ca ehria `j uka na`jka. Na`jkas `j bmtjcjs ljsthmka`ms a oasj `j erakquhnhas. Jk cas jiprjsas `j Acmgaihjktm y jk bmtjcjs, nmjxhstjk lrak`js jiprjsarhms nmk pjqujñas jiprjsas. Jstas pjqujñas jiprjsas sh quhjrjk nmksjluhr uka numta `j ijrna`m `jojk hktjlrarsj m alruparsj nmk jc lrak jiprjsarhm, js jc jgj `j ca Na`jka Bmtjcjra, `ak`m cular a nmktratms hktjrjiprjsarhacjs. M_LAKHWANHÞK @J CM^ BMPJCJ^

Cms bmtjcjs merjnjk sjrvhnhms `j acmgaihjktm y rjstauranhþk oáshnaijktj, aukquj `jpjk`hjk`m `jc thpm `j bmtjc puj`jk mejrtar taiohèk acquhcjr `j saca `j rjukhmkjs, oakqujtjs m sjrvhnhms `j akhianhþk, shjiprj rjiukjra`m. Ca mrlakhzanhþk sujcj jstar nmksthtuh`a pmr7 a)  Jquhpm @hrjnthvm

Emria`m pmr jc `hrjntmr, suo`hrjntmr y ayu`aktj `j `hrjnnhþk. ^u ihshþk js `jehkhr pmcéthnas `j jiprjsa y mogjthvms. Paiohèk sj sujcjk jknarlar `j ca

 

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ljsthþk `j _jnursms Buiakms, nmijrnhachzanhþk, nmktrmc `j shstjias `j sjlurh`a` y nach`a` y jk ljkjrac `j mrlakhzar y nmmr`hkar ca anthvh`a` `jc bmtjc. o)  Jquhpm `j Vhsms

Jstá emria`m pmr ca lmojrkakta/ y cas naiarjras/ms `j phsm. Ca  Ca   lmojrkakta  sj jknarla `j mrlakhzar y rjparthr tarjas, nmktrmcar cms pj`h`ms y jxhstjknhas (cjknjréa), pcakhehnar cms bmrarhms `jc pjrsmkac a su narlm, rjnmlh`a `j `atms jsta`ésthnms jsta`ésthn ms y nmiukhnanhþk. Cas naiarjras `j phsm sj jknarlak `j cas tarjas `j chiphjza, nmktrmc `j cas baohtanhmkjs y ihkhoarjs nmiukhnak`m cas hknh`jknhas jknmktra`as. n)  Jquhpm `j _jnjpnhþk Gjej `j rjnjpnhþk  jk mnashmkjs jk euknhmkjs `j suo`hrjntmr, sj jknarla `j Jc  Jc  Gjej

mrlakhzar y nmktrmcar cas tarjas prmphas `jc `jpartaijktm, jcaomrak`m jc bmrarhm `jc pjrsmkac a su narlm. Cms _jnjpnhmkhstas  smk cms jknarla`ms `j ca atjknhþk ac nchjktj ljsthmkak`m ca rjnjpnhþk y sach`a `j cms nchjktjs y rjsmcvhjk`m cas `u`as quj pu`hjrak prjsjktarsj `uraktj ca jstaknha. Jk jc nasm `j km jxhsthr uk sjrvhnhm `j rjsjrvas prmphm taiohèk sj jknarlak `j ca ljsthþk `j rjsjrvas y naknjcanhmkjs. Js jc prhknhpac nmktantm nmk jc nchjktj.

 

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`)  Jquhpm `j Iaktjkhihjktm

Jspjnhachstas jk iaktjkhihjktm. Hkncuyj taktm cas rjparanhmkjs `j cas hkstacanhmkjs nmiukjs nmim `j cas baohtanhmkjs pmr cm quj jk mnashmkjs rjquhjrj uk sjrvhnhm pjriakjktj. Paiohèk sujcj hkncuhr jc iaktjkhihjktm `j  gar`hkjs, phsnhkas phsnhkas y mtras hkstacanhmkjs hkstacanhmkjs `jpmrthvas. `jpmrthvas. j)  _jstauraktj  Gjej `j achijktms y ojoh`as.  ^upjrvhsa ac pjrsmkac a su narlm y thjkj a su

iak`m a nmnhkjrms, ayu`aktjs `j nmnhka, oariak, ashstjktj `j oar, iahtrj, smiijchjr, naphták `j imzms, azaeata, imzms, akehtrhmkjs, jtn. ^j mrlakhza nmim uk rjstauraktj kmriac aukquj puj`j tjkjr uk sjrvhnhm `j nmnhka iás m ijkms pjriakjktj. e)  Nmkvjknhmkjs

Jk nhjrtms bmtjcjs jstms antms rjquhjrjk pjrsmkac jspjnhachza`m quj sj jknarla `j rjsjrvar y mrlakhzar, tm`m cm rjcanhmka`m nmk ca uthchzanhþk `j sacmkjs para nmkvjknhmkjs y iatjrhac a suonmktratar.

 

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l)  Akhianhþk

Cms akhia`mrjs sj jknarlak `j ca mrlakhzanhþk `j anthvh`a`js y ehjstas jknarlák`msj `jc anmk`hnhmkaihjktm `j cas hkstacanhmkjs y ca ljsthþk `j cas suonmktratanhþk a mtras jiprjsas sh js kjnjsarhm. b)  @jpartaijktm Nmijrnhac

@jsarrmcca ijnakhsims y pmcéthnas `j nmijrnhachzanhþk jk tm`as cas árjas `jc bmtjc para tjkjr uk iaymr hklrjsm. Nmkguktm `j pjrsmkas quj nmkemriak uk jquhpm `j traoagm nuya ihshþk js `jehkhr ca jstratjlha nmijrnhac nmk jc ehk `j mpthihzar cas vjktas a travès `j7 - 

Ehgar cms prjnhms sjl÷k cas `hejrjktjs tjipmra`as.

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Nmktratar y emriar ac jquhpm `j vjktas (Jgjnuthvms `j Ujktas).

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Kjlmnhar y ehriar anujr`ms `j nmcaomranhþk y nmktratanhþk nmk Aljknhas `j Uhagjs, Pmur Mpjra`mrjs Mpjra`mrjs,, J Jiprjsa iprjsass (Uhagjs `j Hknjkthvms), Hknjkthvms), jtn.

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@jc `hsjñm `j ca hialjk nmrpmrathva `j ca jiprjsa (Cmlm / ^cmlaks, jtn.)0 

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bttp7//btic.rhknmk`jcvalm.nmi/sjrvhnhm-bmtjcjrm.btic

 

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JCJIJKPM^ @JC ^J_UHNHM BMPJCJ_M

Cms jcjijktms quj nmkemriak jstrunturacijktj uk sjrvhnhm bmtjcjrm smk7 1.  Nach`a` ?.  Varthnucarh`a`js >.  Ojkjehnhm nmk`hnhmka`m Ca nach`a` js ca nmkehakza quj hksphra jc sjrvhnhm,   taktm pmr jxpjrhjknhas

aktjrhmrjs nmim pmr jc `jsarrmccm jehnhjktj `j su prjstanhþk. Ca nach`a` Nmijrnhac y ca Nach`a` tènkhna m hktréksjna jsták ékthiaijktj rjcanhmka`as, aukquj km puj`j ca prhijra shk jxhsthr ca sjluk`a. Cas parthnucarh`a`js smk cas narantjrésthnas eéshnas y `j mpjranhþk `j uk bmtjc,

nmim pmr jgjipcm7 su `jnmranhþk, `hspmshnhþk, jsthcm arquhtjntþkhnm, taiañm `j cms nuartms, imohcharhm, thpm `j naejtjréa, jtn., smk cms aspjntms y nmknjptms aprjnhaocjs quj banjk `hejrjktj uk bmtjc `j mtrm. Cms ojkjehnhms nmk`hnhmka`ms smk ca jsjknha ihsia `jc sjrvhnhm, pujs sj jkthjk`jk nmim ca

sathseannhþk quj rjacijktj prmpmrnhmka jc bmtjc a sus buèspj`js y usuarhms.

 

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Cms jcjijktms `j cms sjrvhnhms `j uk bmtjc nmkemriak su napanh`a` `j rjspujsta pranthna ac ijrna`m, y ac ihsim thjipm jstrunturak j hktjlrak su hialjk nmijrnhac.’:  @HUJ_^H@A@ @J CM^ ^J_UHNHM^ BMPJCJ_M^

Jc Bmtjc, nmim oasj `j su rjspujsta pránthna y pmr taktm `j sus vjktas, merjnj uka sjrhj `j sjrvhnhms `hejrjktjs quj thjkjk nmim ehkach`a` naptar ca iaymr partj `j sjlijktms sjlijktms `jc ijrna`m. Jstm sj nmkmnj nmkmnj nm nmim im ijznca `j sjrvhnhms sjrvhnhms bmtjcjrms. ^J_UHNHM^ @hvjrshehnanhþk vjrthnac, y sj nmipmkj `j7  

Baohtanhmkjs ( bmspj`agj) Achijktms y Ojoh`as Lrupms y nmkvjknhmkjs ^jrvhnhms nmipcjijktarhms Ca `hvjrshehnanhþk `jktrm `j na`a thpm `j sjrvhnhm, sj nmkmnj nmim7 @hvjrshehnanhþk bmrhzmktac, y sj nmipmkj `j7 Baohtanhmkjs : Iakuac

`j A`ihkhstranhþk A`ihkhst ranhþk Bmtjcjra. Ohochmtjna `j emrianhþk Vrmejshmkac

 

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Hk`hvh`uac, `mocj, trhpcj, iástjr suhtj. Achijktms y Ojoh`as

Naejtjréa, rjstauraktjs `j jspjnhach`a`js, njktrm kmnturkm, rmk sjrvhnhè, sjrvéoar. Lrupms y Nmkvjknhmkjs

Oakqujtjs, sacmkjs i÷cthpcjs, sacmkjs para lrak`js jvjktms, jtn.  ^jrvhnhms nmipcjijktarhms 

Pjcèemkms, aljknha `j vhagjs, sjrvhnhms sjnrjtarhacjs, Cavak`jréa, jtn.5  Ca Nmipjththvh`a`

Ca nmipjththvh`a` jk su `jehkhnhþk iás shipcj js ca napanh`a` `j rjspujsta m `j annhþk `j uk paés, uka jiprjsa m uk hk`hvh`um, para aermktar ca nmipjtjknha aohjrta ya sja jktrj kanhmkjs, jiprjsas m hk`hvh`ums. Vjrm taiohèk ca nmipjththvh`a` puj`j `jehkhrsj nmim jc prmnjsm ij`haktj jc nuac uka jiprjsa m rjlhþk ljkjra vacmr alrjla`m a travès `j auijktms jk ca prm`unthvh`a` nmk cms rjnursms quj pmsjj, y jsj nrjnhihjktm jk jc vacmr alrjla`m js smstjkh`m, js `jnhr sj iakthjkj jk jc ij`hakm y carlm pcazm.

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bttp7//btic.rhknmk`jcvalm.nmi/sjrvhnhm-bmtjcjrm.btic

 

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Jk rjcanhþk nmk ca nmipjththvh`a`, jsta sj `jehkj, `j anujr`m nmk Omkacjs, nmim ca prm`unnhþk `j ohjkjs y sjrvhnhms `j iaymr nach`a` y `j ijkmr prjnhm `j cms nmipjth`mrjs `mièsthnms j hktjrkanhmkacjs, quj sj tra`unj jk nrjnhjktjs ojkjehnhms para cms baohtaktjs `j uka kanhþk ac iaktjkjr y auijktar cms hklrjsms rjacjs. Ca nmipjththvh`a` ccjva hipcénhtm, jk prhijr cular, qujrjr nmipjthr, y jk sjluk`m cular, jc tjkjr ca napanh`a` para banjrcm.

Jc naphtac hktjcjntuac, para jejntms `j jsta hkvjsthlanhþk, sj rjcanhmka `hrjntaijktj nmk ca nmipjththvh`a` `j cms bmtjcjs, ij`h`m a travès `jc _jvVar, pmr sus shlcas jk hklcès (_jvjkuj Vjr Avahcaocj _mmi), quj js jc nmnhjktj jktrj hklrjsms tmtacjs pmr baohtanhmkjs baohtanhmk js y cas baohtanhmkjs `hspmkhocjs para ca vjkta. Ca eþriuca ljkjrac para ca ij`hnhþk `j ca nmipjththvh`a` bmtjcjra, a travès `j ca rjktaohch`a` pmr baohtanhþk `hspmkhocj js ca shluhjktj7

(N@b*@trao)(%Mnup)(Pprm) Nmipjththvh`a` Nmipjt hthvh`a` 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------N@b

 

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@mk`j7

Nmipjththvh`a`7 Nmipjt hthvh`a`7 Hklrjsms pmr nuartm `hspmkhocj ` hspmkhocj N@b7 Nuartms `hspmkhocjs `jc bmtjc @trao7 @éas traoaga`ms jk jc pjrhm`m `j jstu`hm %Mnup7 Nmnhjktj `jc k÷ijrm `j nuartms `hspmkhocjs y jc k÷ijrm `j baohtanhmkjs mnupa`as Pprm7 Parhea prmij`hm pmr nuartm `j bmtjc Nmipjththvh`a` shstèihna

Ca nmipjththvh`a` shstèihna js ca napanh`a` quj thjkjk cas jiprjsas `j uka `jtjrihka`a rjlhþk `j lakar uka iaymr numta `j ijrna`m erjktj a sus nmipjth`mrjs. Aukquj ca nmipjththvh`a` sj `jsarrmccþ a khvjc jiprjsarhac, èsta km smcm `jpjk`j `j eantmrjs hktjrkms `j ca jiprjsa, taiohèk sj vjk hkvmcunra`ms eantmrjs jxhstjktjs a ca anthvh`a` jiprjsarhac. Jk tac sjkth`m, ca nmipjththvh`a` js jc cmlrm `j cms ijgmrjs khvjcjs `j jehnhjknha prm`unthva m `j prm`unthvh`a` `jktrm `j ca anthvh`a` traksemria`mra. traksemria`mra.

Jstratjlha jk jc ^jntmr Purésthnm

Ca jiprjsa turésthna sj ba nmkvjrth`m jk ukm `j cms sjntmrjs jiprjsarhacjs iás hipmrtaktjs `j jstj shlcm y pmshocjijktj pmshocjijk tj jk jc euturm.

 

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Aktj jsta nmyuktura jc k÷ijrm `j jiprjsas y cas ecuntuanhmkjs quj sj vjk smijth`as auijkta `éa a `éa, jstm banj quj ca jiprjsa turésthna y jk parthnucar ca bmtjcjra `joa nmipjthr pmr su supjrvhvjk supjrvhvjknha nha jk uk sjlijktm `mk`j ca lcmoachzanhþk js na`a vjz iaymr y nm nmksjluhr ksjluhr jc èxhtm js na`a vjz iás `heénhc.

@hrjnnhþk Jstratèlhna7 nmhknh`j nmk cas nhknm partjs euk`aijktacjs `jc

akáchshs `j nmipjtht nmipjththvh`a`. hvh`a`.

Im`jcm `j Akáchshs `j Nmipjththvh`a` Jiprjsarhac

 

>1

1. @hijkshmkjs `j ca Nmipjththvh`a` @hijkshþk Jxtjrka7 Aspjntms quj thphehna jc khvjc `j nmipjtjknha `jc paés,

`j ca rjlhþk `jc sjntmr m `j cas jiprjsas nmim alrjla`m jnmkþihnm. @hijkshþk Hktjrka7 Napanh`a`js nmipjththvas `j ca jiprjsa.

?. Eantmrjs `j nmipjththvh`a`

 

>?

>. Eujktjs `j Ujktaga Nmipjththva

Cas eujktjs `j vjktagas nmipjththvas, nmipjththvas, `hejrjknha`a jk `ms lrak`js natjlmréas7 Hk`hrjntas (jnmkmiéas jxtjrkas7 nmk`hnhmkjs jstrunturacjs y pmcéthnas) y `hrjntas (nmk`hnhmkjs nmipjththvas y jstratèlhnas) 0.  Ncasjs `j vjktagas nmipjththvas

Jstas smk hktjrkas, jk oasj a su suss pmtjknhach`a`js y pu puktms ktms eujrtjs nm nmkk quj sj `jsarrmcca uka anthvh`a` y cas jxtjrkas, quj hknh`jk jk jc `jsarrmccm `jc jktmrkm nmipjththvm quj sj akachza. :. Aljktjs `j nmipjththvh`a` 

^mk cms mrlakhsims rjluca`mrjs rjluca`mr js para quj uk sjntmr `jtjrihka`m `jtjrihk a`m nuipca nmk cas kmrias m rjlcaijktms quj ljkjrak uka anthvh`a` puktuac.

J^P_APJLHA

Ca jstratjlha jiprjsarhac jk uka pacaora, js vjktaga nmipjththva, jc ÷khnm prmpþshtm `j ca pcakhehnanhþk jstratèlhna js pjrihthr quj ca jiprjsa tjkla tak jehnhjktjijktj nmim sja pmshocj uka vjktaga smstjkhocj para sus nmipjth`mrjs.

Ncashehnanhþk `j cas Jstratjlhas

Cms autmrjs partjk `jc alrupaihjktm `j cas jstratjlhas jk trjs natjlmréas.

 

>>

1.  Jstratjlha sjl÷k jc nhncm `j vh`a `j ca jiprjsa. Jk euknhþk `j cas narantjrésthnas jvmcuthvas `j ca jiprjsa y, cas eanjs `j su nhncm vhtac, pm`jims baocar `j7 jstratjlhas `j nrjnhihjktm, jstratjlhas `j nrjnhihjktm jstaocj, jstratjlhas `j jstaohch`a` y supjrvhvjknha, jstratjlhas `j sakjaihjktm, jstratjlhas `j nmsjnba, jstratjlhas `j `jshkvjrshþk. ?.  Jstratjlhas Nmipjththvas Ljkèrhnas7 tratak `j acnakzar uka vjktaga nmipjththva smstjkhocj y `ura`jra erjktj a sus nmipjth`mrjs jk uk ijrna`m nmknrjtm7 jstratjlhas `j ch`jrazlm jk nmstjs, jstratjlhas `j `hejrjknhanhþk, jstratjlhas `j sjlijktanhþk m jspjnhachzanhþk. >.  Bay quj tjkjr jk nujkta quj ca nmipjtjknha js ca razþk `j sjr `j ca jstratjlha, js `jnhr ca hktjr`jpjk`jknha hktjr`jpjk`jknha `j cms cms nmipjth`mrjs ya quj cas annhmkjs `j ca nmipjtjknha aejntak a cas pmshocjs `jnhshmkjs `j cms `jiás nmipjth`mrjs. Zka bjrraihjkta hipmrtaktj js jc jstu`hm `j cas jstratjlhas nmipjththvas `j Vmrtjr js ca `j na`jka `j vacmrjs quj ba `j pjrihthr a ca jiprjsa nmkmnjr nuácjs smk smk cas anthvh`a`js smorj cas quj quj puj`j antuar antuar a ehk `j prmphn prmphnhar har acluka `j cas jstratjlhas nmipjththvas prmpujstas.

 

>0

Na`jka `j Uacmr `j Vmrtjr

A parthr, pujs `j cm quj js uka jstratjlha nmipjththva `jc akáchshs `j cas nhknm eujrzas nmipjththvas m eantmrjs `jtjrihkaktjs `j ca nmipjtjknha y `j ca na`jka `j vacmr. Uaims a `jsarrmccar jc jpélraej shluhjktj ca uthchzanhþk pmr partj `jc sjntmr `j cas trjs jstratjlhas nmipjththvas ljkèrhnas. –:

JC @HAIAKPJ @J CA NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ NMIVJPHPHUH@A@ @J VM_PJ_  

Jk jc `haiaktj `j ca nmipjththvh`a` `j Vmrtjr sj prjsjktak nuatrm varhaocjs nuatrm  varhaocjs jspjnéehnas, cas nuacjs `jojk nuipchrsj para cmlrar `j jsta iakjra uka pmshnhþk nmipjththva iuk`hac. Ca prhijra `j cas varhaocjs js ca Nmk`hnhþk `j cms eantmrjs7 _jnursms Katuracjs (eéshnms), _jnursms Buiakms, _jnursms `j naphtac, hkerajstrun hkerajstruntura tura Eéshna,  Eéshna,   Hkerajstruntura Hkerajstruntura A`ihkhstrathva, Hkerajstru Hkerajstruntura ntura Nhjktéehna y Pjnkmcþlhna. Jc sjluk`m `j cms eantmrjs js ca Jstratjlha, jstruntura Jstratjlha, jstruntura y rhvach`a` `j cas jiprjsas, jk jc nuac `joj jxhsthr uk nmktjxtm cmnac quj

 

>5

hknjkthvj ca nmipjtjknha oasa`a jk ca hkvjrshþk y jk cas ijgmras smstjkh`as. Jc tjrnjrm `j cms eantmrjs js7 Ca nmk`hnhþk `j ca `jiak`a, jk jc nuac sj tmiak jk nujkta cms nchjktjs cmnacjs smehsthna`ms y jxhljktjs, sjlijktms jspjnhachza`ms quj puj`jk sjrvhrsj lcmoacijktj y nchjktjs nuyas kjnjsh`a`js sj akthnhpak a cas `j ca rjlhþk y mtras árjas. X pmr ÷cthim, Hk`ustrhas rjcanhmka`as y `j apmym, tmiak`m jk nmksh`jranhþk ca prjsjknha `j prmvjj`mrjs cmnacjs napanjs y `j nmipañéas jk cas árjas rjcanhmka`as, ncustjrs jk cular `j hk`ustrhas ahsca`as. Jstratjlhas Nmipjththvas Ljkèrhnas ^jl÷k Vmrtjr

UJKPAGA^ NMIVJPHPHUA^ Áiohtm Jnmkþihnm

Aipchm ^jntmr

Nmstj rj`unh`m

_j`unh`m ^jntmr

CH@J_AWLM NM^PJ^ JK

Jxncushvh`a` nchjktj @HEJ_JKNHANHÞK

^JLIJKPANHÞK M J^VJNHACHWANHÞK

Ca Nach`a` `j ^jrvhnhms `j cms _jnursms Paklhocjs `j ca Jiprjsa Bmtjcjra.

Jk jstj jpélraej rjcanhmkarjims cms rjnursms taklhocjs `j ca jiprjsa bmtjcjra nmk nach`a` `j sjrvhnhms. @jsarrmccarjims uk aspjntm tak hipmrtaktj nmim

 

><

smk cms jcjijktms taklhocjs jk sjrvhnhms hkiatjrhacjs ya quj iaymr hkecujknha tjk`rá cms aspjntms eéshnms nuaktm iás hkiatjrhac sja jc sjrvhnhm. ^jl÷k jsthia Bmrmvhtz (188>), jc nchjktj rjnurj a aspjntms eéshnms `jc sjrvhnhm nmknrjtms para jvacuar ca nach`a`. Ca aparhjknha eéshna `jc cular y `j cas pjrsmkas sj sujcj guzlar ca natjlmréa `j uk bmtjc pmr jgjipcm pmr ca aparhjknha, ca rjnjpnhþk m cas baohtanh baohtanhmkjs mkjs y pmr cms ukhemrijs `j cms jipcja`ms. Jc Vrjnhm7 Ca jxhljknha `j ca nach`a` auijkta jk rjcanhþk `hrjnta nmk jc

prjnhm. Jc _hjslm Vjrnhoh`m7 Jc nchjktj quj rjnhoj hkhnhacijktj pmna hkemrianhþk y

pmna ayu`a, m quj thjkj quj nmiprar shk laraktéas, jknmktrara quj jc sjrvhnhm js `j ijkmr nach`a`, hkncusm aukquj sja mogjthvaijktj eacsm. _jnursms taklhocjs `j ca jiprjsa Bmtjcjra

Aktjs `j nmkthkuar, js hipmrtaktj ancarar quj, pmr rjnursms taklhocjs `j cms bmtjcjs jktjk`jims aqujccas hkstacanhmkjs quj shrvjk nmim smpmrtj taklhocj `j ca anthvh`a`, js `jnhr, ca jstruntura eéshna euknhmkac quj pjrihtj ca prjstanhþkk `j cms sjrvhnhms. prjstanhþ

 

>2

Aspjntms Hipmrtaktjs `j cms _jnursms _jnursms Paklhocjs para ca Vjrnjpnhþk Vjrnjpnhþk `j ca Nach`a` `j ^jrvhnhms.

Ca nach`a` `j cms sjrvhnhms prjsjkta sjl÷k Bayjs (188:) `hejrjktjs ijknhmkjs m jxhljknhas `j cms nchjktjs kjnjsarhms a ca bmra `j nmkmnjr nmim jc nchjktj puj`j vacmrarca. Jstas `hijkshmkjs pjrihtjk a su vjz `jehkhr jc sjrvhnhm, hktjrjsák`mkms `j tm`as aqujccas quj prjsjktjk cas kjnjsh`a`js m jxhljknhas `j cms nchjktjs.

N_HPJ_HM Jcjijktms taklhocjs

Ehaohch`a` Napanh`a` `j rjspujsta Vrmejshmkach`a` Vrmejshmka ch`a` Nmrtjséaa Nmrtjsé Nrjaohch`a` ^jlurh`a` Annjshohch`a` Nmiukhnanhþk Nmiukhn anhþk Nmiprjkshþk Nmiprjk shþk `jc nchjktj

Aparhjknha @JEHKHNHÞK `j cas hkstacanhmk hkstacanhmkjs js eéshnas, jquhpms pjrsmkac y iatjrhac `j nmiukhnanhþk Baohch`a` para jgjnutar jc sjrvhnhm prmijth`m `j emria ehaocj y nuh`a`msa @hspmshnh @hspmshnhþk þk a ayu`ar a cms nchjktjs y prmvjjrcms `j uk sjrvhnhm ráph`m Vmsjshþk `j cas `jstrjzas rjqujrh`as y nmkmnhihjktm `j ca jgjnunhþk `jc sjrvhnhm. Atjknhþk, nmksh`jranhþk, nmksh`jranhþk, rjspjntm, aiaohch`a` `jc pjrsmkac `j nmktantm nmktantm Ujranh`a`, nrjjknha, bmkjsth`a` bmkjsth`a` jk jc sjrvhnhm quj sj prmvjj Hkjxhstjknha `j pjchlrm, rhjslm m `u`as Annjshocj, eánhc `j nmktant nmktantar ar Iaktjkjr a cms nchjktjs hkemria`ms uthchzak`m uk cjkluagj quj puj`ak jktjk`jr, asé nmim jsnunbarcjs Banjr jc jseujrzm `j nmkmnjr nmkmnjr a cms nchjktjs y a sus kjnjsh`a`js

 

>8

VMCÉPHNA^ X J^P_APJLHA^ VA_A JC ^JNPM_ BMPJCJ_M7

Jk jsta partj bay quj hk`hnar quj para uka jiprjsa `j jstj thpm sj thjkj quj tjkjr uk iarnm guré`hnm y mrlakhzanhmkac, anmr`j nmk cms rjlcaijktms y jstatutms, para quj puj`a `jsarrmccarsj jk emria mr`jka`a y mogjthva A nmkthkuanhþk sj `jsnrhojk aclukas pmcéthnas quj smk uk iarnm rjejrjknhac para ljkjrar uka oujka nmipjththvh nmipjththvh`a` `a` jk jc sjntmr bmtjcjrm `j ca nhu`a` `j Cmga. Cujlm sj `jsnrhojk cas jstratjlhas rjspjnthvas para jc nuipchihjktm `j `hnbas pmcéthnas bmtjcjras.

1.  VMCÉPHNA^ @J IM@HEHNANHÞK @JC IA_NM GZ_É@HNM

^j `joj prhmrhzar aclukas cjyjs, cas nuacjs cas ljsthmkará jc Ihkhstjrhm `j turhsim `j Cmga. Ca hipcjijktanhþk `j jstj kujvm iarnm guré`hnm, `jktrm `j cms rjquhshtms m jcjijktms cjlacjs quj nmksthtuyjk a uka jiprjsa m quj `joj nuipchr uk Bmtjc para sus anthvh`a`js, ijknhmkaims a nmkthkuanhþk aclukms `mnuijktms nmim7 Nmpha njrthehna`a `j ca jsnrhtura p÷ochna `jc hkiujocj u Bmtjc. Kmioraihjktm `jc rjprjsjktaktj rjprjsjktaktj cjlac `j ` j ca Jiprjsa, hksnrhtm jk jc rjlhstrm ijrnakthc, jk jc nasm `j pjrsmka guré`hna. _ZN

 

06

Apjrtura `j uka nujkta nmrrhjktj a kmiorj `j ca Jiprjsa y uk naphtac `j oasj. Vatjktj Iukhnhpac. Vjrihsm sakhtarhm @mnuijktms pjrsmkacjs Chsta `j prjnhms ehria`ms pmr ca Jiprjsa(pca J iprjsa(pcakk `j tarheas) Njrthehna`m `j ca @hrjnnhþk `j patjktjs y iarnas. Chnjknha akuac `j euknhmkaihjktm. euknhmkaihjktm. _JLCAIJKPM LJKJ_AC @J ANPHUH@A@J^ PZ_É^PHNA^ (@jnrjtm Km. >066)

Lustavm Kmoma Ojgarakm V_J^H@JKPJ NMK^PHPZNHMKAC @J CA _JV×OCHNA Nmksh`jrak`m7 Quj jc Lmohjrkm Kanhmkac jstá hipucsak`m uk prmnjsm `j `jpuranhþk `jc mr`jkaihjktm guré`hnm jnuatmrhakm. Quj nmim rjsucta`m `j jsj prmnjsm, sj bak jxpj`h`m ya varhms `jnrjtms jgjnuthvms quj `jrmlak nujrpms cjlacjs mosmcjtms m hkapchnaocjs y quj jstaocjnjk prmnj`hihjktms prmnj`hihjktms ukhehna`ms4 ukhehna`ms4 Quj nmim partj `j jsj prmnjsm, js kjnjsarhm rjukhr jk nujrpms guré`hnms ukhehna`ms, cms varhms rjlcaijktms quj sj jknujktrak jknujktrak vhljktjs y rjlucak uka uka ihsia iatjrha4 Quj ac imijktm jstá jstákk

 

01

vhljktjs varhms `jnrjtms jgjnuthvms y anujr`ms ihkhstjrhacjs rjcanhmka`ms nmk ca anthvh`a` turésthna, quj js kjnjsarhm nmknmr`ar y shstjiathzar jk uk smcm nujrpm kmriathvm4 kmriathvm4 Quj ca Nmihshþk Guré`hna `j @jpuranhþk @jpuranhþk Kmria Kmriathva thva ba rjnmijk`a`m ca jxpj`hnhþk `j jstj `jnrjtm. @jnrjta7 JC ^HLZHJKPJ _JLCAIJKPM LJKJ_ LJKJ_AC AC @J ANPHUH@A@J^ ANPHUH@A@J^ PZ_É^PHNA^. Pétucm H @J CA^ ANPHUH@A@J^ PZ_É^PHNA^ Napétucm H @J CM^ ACMGAIHJKPM^ ^jnnhþk 1 @H^VM^HNHMKJ^ LJKJ_ACJ^ Art. 1.- Acmgaihjktms.- ^mk acmgaihjktms cms jstaocjnhihjktms `j`hna`ms `j

im`m baohtuac, ij`haktj prjnhm, a prmpmrnhmkar a cas pjrsmkas acmgaihjktm nmk m shk mtrms sjrvhnhms nmipcjijktarhms. Jc Ihkhstjrhm `j Purhsim autmrhzará ca apjrtura, euknhmkaihjktm y ncausura `j cms acmgaihjktms. Art. ?.- Natjlmréas.- Ca natjlmréa `j cms jstaocjnhihjktms bmtjcjrms sjrá ehga`a

pmr jc Ihkhstjrhm `j Purhsim pmr ij`hm `jc `hsthkthvm `j ca jstrjcca, jk nhknm, nuatrm, trjs, `ms y uka jstrjcca, nmrrjspmk`hjktjs a cugm, prhijra, sjluk`a,

 

0?

tjrnjra y nuarta natjlmréas. Vara jc jejntm, sj atjk`jrá a cas `hspmshnhmkjs `j jstj rjlcaijktm, a cas narantjrésthnas y nach`a` `j cas hkstacanhmkjs y a cms sjrvhnhms quj prjstjk. Jk ca jktra`a `j cms acmgaihjktms, jk ca prmpalak`a hiprjsa y jk cms nmiprmoaktjs `j palm, sj nmkshlkará jk emria jxprjsa ca natjlmréa `j cms ihsims. Art. >.- Ncashehnanhþk.- Cms acmgaihjktms sj ncashehnak jk cms shluhjktjs lrupms7 Lrupm 1.- Acmgaihjktms Bmtjcjrms.

^uolrupm 1.1. Bmtjcjs. 1.1.1. Bmtjc (`j : a 1 jstrjccas `mra`as). 1.1.?. Bmtjc _jsh`jknha (`j 0 a 1 jstrjccas `mra`as). 1.1.>. Bmtjc Apartaijktm (`j 0 a 1 jstrjccas `mra`as). ^uolrupm 1.?. Bmstacjs y Vjkshmkjs. 1.?.1. Bmstacjs (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as). 1.?.?. Bmstacjs _jsh`jknhas (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as). 1.?.>. Vjkshmkjs (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as). ^uolrupm 1.>. Bmstjréas, Imtjcjs, _jeulhms y Naoañas. 1.>.1. Bmstjréas (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as). 1.>.?. Imtjcjs (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as). 1.>.>. _jeulhms (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as). 1.>.0. Naoañas (`j > a 1 jstrjccas pcatja`as).

 

0>

Art. 0.- Kmijkncatura.- Ca kmijkncatura quj sj usará para na`a anthvh`a`

sjrá ca shluhjktj7 ANPHUH@A@ KMIJKNCAPZ_A Bmtjc (B) Bmtjc _jsh`jknha (B_) Bmtjc Apartaijktm (BA) Bmstac (B^) Bmstac _jsh`jknha (B^_) Bmstjréa (BP) Art. :.- Vcanas `hsthkthvas.- Pm`ms cms acmgaihjktms `jojrák jxbhohr guktm a ca

jktra`a prhknhpac ca pcana `hsthkthva quj nmkshsthrá jk uk nua`ra`m `j ijtac jk jc quj smorj emk`m azuc turqujsa ehlurarák, jk ocaknm, ca cjtra m cjtras nmrrjspmk`hjktjs nmrrjspm k`hjktjs a ca anthvh`a` quj `jsarrmccj jc jstaocjnhihjktm, asé nmim cas jstrjccas quj hk`hqujk su natjlmréa. Jc Ihkhstjrhm `j Purhsim `hsjñará y jcaomrará `hnbas pcanas y cas pmk`rá a `hspmshnhþk `j cms usuarhms, prjvhm ac palm `j su vacmr. Art. 5.- Zsm `j `jkmihkanhmkjs.- Khkl÷k jstaocjnhihjktm `j acmgaihjktm

pm`rá usar `jkmihkanhþk m hk`hnathvms `hsthktms `j cms quj cj nmrrjspmk`ak pmr su lrupm y suolrupm, kh mtra natjlmréa quj aqujcca quj cjs eujra ashlka`a.

 

00

Art. .- Bmtjcjs `j `ms jstrjccas.- Cms bmtjcjs `j `ms jstrjccas, `jojrák

nmktar nmk cms shluhjktjs sjrvhnhms7 a) @j rjnjpnhþk, pjriakjktjijktj atjk`h`m pmr pjrsmkac napanhta`m. Cms omtmkjs m ijksagjrms `jpjk`jrák `j ca rjnjpnhþk4 o) @j phsms para jc iaktjkhihjktm `j cas baohtanhmkjs asé nmim para su chiphjza, quj sjrá atjk`h`m pmr naiarjras nuym k÷ijrm `jpjk`jrá `j ca napanh`a` `jc acmgaihjktm, `johjk`m jxhsthr ac ijkms uka naiarjra pmr na`a `hjz y mnbm baohtanhmkjs4

 

:6

n) @j nmij`mr, quj jstará atjk`h`m pmr jc pjrsmkac kjnjsarhm sjl÷k ca napanh`a` `jc jstaocjnhihjktm, nmk jstanhmkjs `j `hjz ijsas nmim iáxhim. Jc ijk÷ `jc bmtjc `jojrá pjrihthr ac nchjktj ca jcjnnhþk jktrj pmr cm ijkms ij kms `ms jspjnhach`a`js `jktrm `j na`a lrupm `j pcatms. Jc sjrvhnhm `j nmih`as y ojoh`as a cas baohtanhmkjs sjrá atjk`h`m pmr jc pjrsmkac `j nmij`mr. `) Pjcjeþkhnm. Jxhsthrá uka njktrac nmk pmr cm ijkms `ms cékjas, atjk`h`a pjriakjktjijktj, pu`hjk`m mnuparsj `j jstj nmijth`m ca rjnjpnhþk. j) @j cavak`jréa y pcaknba`m para ca rmpa `j cms buèspj`js y ca cjknjréa `jc acmgaihjktm. Jstj sjrvhnhm pm`rá sjr prmphm `jc acmgaihjktm m nmktrata`m. e) Omthquék `j prhijrms auxhchms. Art. 10.- Bmtjcjs `j uka jstrjcca.- Cms bmtjcjs `j uka jstrjcca, `jojrák nmktar

nmk cms shluhjktjs sjrvhnhms7 a) @j rjnjpnhþk, pjriakjktjijktj atjk`h`m, `jktrm `j cm pmshocj, pmr pjrsmkac napanhta`m. Cms omtmkjs m ijksagjrms `jpjk`jrák `j rjnjpnhþk4 o) @j phsms para jc iaktjkhihjktm `j cas baohtanhmkjs, asé nmim para su chiphjza, quj sjrá atjk`h`m pmr naiarjras, nuym k÷ijrm `jpjk`jrá `j ca napanh`a` `jc jstaocjnhihjktm, `johjk`m jxhsthr ac ijkms uka naiarjra pmr na`a `hjz y mnbm baohtanhmkjs4

 

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n) @j nmij`mr, atjk`h`m pmr jc pjrsmkac kjnjsarhm sjl÷k ca napanh`a` `jc jstaocjnhihjktm. Jc ijk÷ `jc bmtjc `jojrá pjrihthr ac nchjktj ca jcjnnhþk jktrj pmr cm ijkms uka jspjnhach`a` `jktrm `j na`a lrupm `j pcatms. Jc sjrvhnhm `j nmih`as y ojoh`as jk cas baohtanhmkjs sjrá atjk`h`m pmr jc pjrsmkac `j nmij`mr. `) Pjcèemkm p÷ochnm j) Omthquék `j prhijrms auxhchms. ^jnnhþk > BMPJCJ^ _J^H@JKNHA Art. 1:.- Bmtjcjs _jsh`jknha.- Js bmtjc rjsh`jknha tm`m jstaocjnhihjktm

bmtjcjrm quj, ij`haktj prjnhm, prjstj ac p÷ochnm jk ljkjrac sjrvhnhms `j acmgaihjktm, `johjk`m merjnjr a`hnhmkacijktj jc sjrvhnhm `j `jsayukm, para nuym jejntm pm`rá `hspmkjr `j sjrvhnhm `j naejtjréa. Km pm`rá merjnjr sjrvhnhms `j nmij`mr y tjk`rá uk iékhim `j trjhkta baohtanhmkjs. Cms bmtjcjs rjsh`jknhas `jojrák rjukhr cas ihsias nmk`hnhmkjs jxhlh`as para cms bmtjcjs `j su natjlmréa, jxnjptm jk cm rjejrjktj a cms sjrvhnhms `j nmij`mr, nmnhka y baohtanhmkjs. ^jnnhþk 0 BMPJCJ^ AVA_PAIJKPM Art. 15.- Bmtjcjs apartaijktm m apart-bmtjc.- Js bmtjc apartaijktm, m apart-

bmtjc, tm`m jstaocjnhihjktm bmtjcjrm quj, ij`haktj prjnhm, prjstj ac p÷ochnm

 

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jk ljkjrac acmgaihjktm jk apartaijktms nmk tm`ms cms sjrvhnhms `j uk bmtjc, jxnjptuak`m cms `j nmij`mr. @hspmk`rá `j uk iékhim `j trjhkta apartaijktms y `j iujocjs, jksjrjs, ÷thcjs `j nmnhka, vaghcca, nrhstacjréa, iaktjcjréa,, cjknjréa, jtn. para sjr uthchza`ms pmr cms nchjktjs shk nmstm a`hnhmkac iaktjcjréa aclukm. Vm`rá `hspmkjr a`jiás `j naejtjréa. Cms bmtjcjs apartaijktm, a`jiás `j rjukhr cas ihsias nmk`hnhmkjs jxhlh`as para cms bmtjcjs `j su natjlmréa, jxnjptm jk cm rjcathvm a cms sjrvhnhms `j nmij`mr, nmnhka y baohtanhmkjs, `jojrák sugjtarsj a cas shluhjktjs `hspmshnhmkjs7 a) Euknhmkar jk j`hehnhms hkstaca`ms para prjstar jsta ncasj `j sjrvhnhms. o) Nmorar ca tarhea pmr acmgaihjktm pmr ijsjs, sjiakas m `éas. n) Hkncuhr jk ca tarhea pmr acmgaihjktm ca chiphjza, uka vjz ac `éa `jc apartaijktm, sus hkstacanhmkjs y jksjrjs, jxncuh`ms cms `j nmnhka. ^jnnhþk : BM^PACJ^ Art. 1

o) @j phsms, para jc iaktjkhihjktm `j cas baohtanhmkjs, su chiphjza y prjparanhþk. n) @j nmij`mr. Jc ijk÷ `jojrá pjrihthr ac nchjktj ca jcjnnhþk jktrj trjs m iás jspjnhach`a`js jspjnhach`a `js `jktrm `j na`a lrupm `j ` j pcatms. `) Pjcjeþkhnm, a travès `j uka njktrac atjk`h`a pjriakjktjijktj, pu`hjk`m mnuparsj `j jstj sjrvhnhm jc pjrsmkac `j rjnjpnhþk. j) @j cavak`jréa y pcaknba`m, quj pm`rá sjr prmphm `jc jstaocjnhihjktm m nmktrata`m. e) Omthquék `j prhijrms auxhchms. auxhchms. Art. ?6.- Bmstacjs `j `ms jstrjccas.- Cms bmstacjs y pjkshmkjs `j `ms jstrjccas,

`jojrák nmktar nmk cms shluhjktjs sjrvhnhms7 a) @j rjnjpnhþk, quj `jojrá jstar nmkvjkhjktjijktj atjk`h`m pmr pjrsmkac quj ac ihsim thjipm sj mnupará `jc sjrvhnhm tjcjeþkhnm4 o) @j phsms, para jc iaktjkhihjktm `j cas baohtanhmkjs, su chiphjza y prjparanhþk. n) @j nmij`mr. Jstj sjrvhnhm `jojrá pjrihthr a cms nchjktjs susthtuhr ukm `j cms pcatms quj nmipmklak jc ijk÷ pmr jc quj a tac jejntm `jojrá merjnjr jc jstaocjnhihjktm jk na`a nmih`a. `) @j cavak`jréa y pcaknba`m, quj pm`rá sjr prmphm `jc jstaocjnhihjktm m nmktrata`m. j) Pjcèemkm p÷ochnm jk ca rjnjpnhþk.

 

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e) Omthquék `j prhijrms auxhchms. Art. ?1.- Bmstacjs `j uka jstrjcca.- Cms bmstacjs y pjkshmkjs `j uka jstrjcca

`jojrák nmktar nmk cms shluhjktjs sjrvhnhms7 a) Vjrsmkac kjnjsarhm para atjk`jr `joh`aijktj cms sjrvhnhms `j rjnjpnhþk, `j baohtanhmkjss y `j nmij`mr. baohtanhmkj o) Pjcèemkm p÷ochnm jk ca rjnjpnhþk. n) Omthquék `j prhijrms auxhchms. Art. ??.- Bmstacjs rjsh`jknha.- Js bmstac rjsh`jknha tm`m jstaocjnhihjktm quj,

ij`haktj prjnhm, prjstj ac p÷ochnm jk ljkjrac sjrvhnhms `j acmgaihjktm, `johjk`m merjnjr a`hnhmkacijktj sjrvhnhm `j `jsayukm, para nuym jejntm pm`rá `hspmkjr `j sjrvhnhm `j naejtjréa. Km pm`rá merjnjr cms sjrvhnhms `j nmij`mr y tjk`rá uk iáxhim `j vjhkthkujvj baohtanhmkjs y uk iékhim `j `mnj. Cms bmstacjs rjsh`jknha `jojrák rjukhr cas ihsias nmk`hnhmkjs jxhlh`as para cms bmstacjs `j su natjlmréa, jxnjptm jk cm rjejrjktj a cms sjrvhnhms `j nmij`mr y nmnhka. @H^VM^HNHMKJ^ LJKJ_ACJ^ @J CM^ BMPJCJ^7 Art. :0.- Km `hsnrhihkanhþk.- Pm`ms cms acmgaihjktms sjrák `j chorj annjsm ac

p÷ochnm jk ljkjrac, quj`ak`m prmbhoh`a nuacquhjr `hsnrhihkanhþk jk ca a`ihshþk. Km mostaktj, jstms jstaocjnhihjktms sj rjsjrvarák jc `jrjnbm `j km

 

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a`ihthr a quhjkjs hknuipca hknuipcakk cas kmrias oáshna oáshnass `j nmkvhvjknha, nmkvhvjknha, imrach`a` y `jnjknha. Art. ::.- _jnjpnhþk y nmksjrgjréa.- Ca rjnjpnhþk y ca nmksjrgjréa nmksthtuhrák

jc njktrm `j rjcanhþk nmk cms nchjktjs para jejntms a`ihkhstrathvms, `j ashstjknha y `j hkemrianhþk. ^acvm quj sjak asuih`as pmr mtrms `jpartaijktms, nmrrjspmk`j a ca rjnjpnhþk, apartj `j mtras euknhmkjs, atjk`jr cas rjsjrvas `j acmgaihjktm, emriachzar jc bmspj`agj, rjnhohr a cms nchjktjs, njrnhmrarsj `j su h`jkth`a` jxhlhèk`mcjs ca prjsjktanhþk `j cms nmrrjspmk`hjktjs `mnuijktms, hksnrhohrcms jk ca targjta `j rjlhstrm, ashlkarcjs baohtanhþk, atjk`jr cas rjncaianhmkjs, jxpj`hr eanturas y pjrnhohr jc hipmrtj `j cas ihsias. Hluacijktj sjrák euknhmkjs `j ca rjnjpnhþk y `j ca nmksjrgjréa, `j baojr jsta ÷cthia, nustm`har cas ccavjs `j cas baohtanhmkjs, rjnhohr, luar`ar y jktrjlar a cms buèspj`js ca nmrrjspmk`jknha asé nmim cms avhsms m ijksagjs quj rjnhoak, nuh`ar `j ca rjnjpnhþk y jktrjla `j jquhpagjs y nuipchr, jk cm pmshocj, cms jknarlms `j cms nchjktjs. Jstará a narlm `jc Nmksjrgj `j kmnbj jc sjrvhnhm `j `jspjrta`mr, nuak`m km jxhsta sjrvhnhm kmnturkm `j tjcjemkhsta. Art. :5.- ^jrvhnhm `j phsms.- Jc sjrvhnhm `j phsms nuh`ará `j cas baohtanhmkjs `j

im`m quj jstèk prjpara`as y chiphas jk jc imijktm `j sjr mnupa`as pmr cms buèspj`js.

 

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Art. :.- Vrmtjnnhþk nmktra hknjk`hms.- Jxhsthrá uk shstjia `j prmtjnnhþk

nmktra hknjk`hms a`jnua`m a ca jstruntura y napanh`a` `jc acmgaihjktm, ij`haktj ca hkstacanhþk `j cms nmrrjspmk`hjktjs `hspmshthvms m jxthkluh`mrjs, jk tm`as cas `jpjk`jknhas ljkjracjs y pcaktas `jc jstaocjnhihjktm, `johjk`m jk tm`m nasm mosjrvarsj cas kmrias jstaocjnh`as pmr jc Nujrpm `j Omiojrms. Jc pjrsmkac `jojrá jstar hkstruh`m smorj jc iakjgm `j cms nhta`ms `hspmshthvms y `j cas `jiás ij`h`as quj bak `j a`mptarsj jk nasm `j shkhjstrm, `johjk`m rjachzarsj pjrhþ`hnaijktj prujoas `j jehnhjknha nmk `hnbm pjrsmkac. Art. 50.- Nmk`hnhmkjs `j bhlhjkj.- Pm`as cas `jpjk`jknhas j hkstacanhmkj hkstacanhmkjss `j

cms acmgaihjktms `jojrák jknmktrarsj jk pjrejntas nmk`hnhmkjs `j bhlhjkj y nuipchr rhlurmsaijktj cas kmrias smorj sakh`a` `hnta`as pmr cms mrlakhsims nmipjtjktjs. Cms rjsjrvmrhms `j alua jstarák `mta`ms `j rjlhstrms quj eanhchtjk su pjrhþ`hna chiphjza, asé nmim `j ehctrms quj larakthnjk su purjza, `johjk`m jstar asjlura`a jk tm`m nasm ca pmtaohch`a` `jc alua. Jk cms cularjs `mk`j km buohjra jc sjrvhnhm p÷ochnm `j alua pmtaocj, cms acmgaihjktms jstarák

 

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mochla`ms pmr cm ijkms a purhehnar jc alua, a`vhrthjk`m a ca nchjktjca smorj jstj parthnucar. Ca jchihkanhþk `j cas aluas rjsh`uacjs sj bará a travès `j ca rj` `j acnaktarhcca`m y, `j km jxhsthr èsta, ij`haktj uk shstjia jehnaz y rhlurmsaijktj agusta`m a cas kmrias sakhtarhas jstaocjnh`as jk ca cjlhscanhþk vhljktj. Art. 5:.- Nmk`hnhmkjs `j prjsjktanhþk, euknhmkaihjktm y chiphjza.- Cms

cmnacjs, hkstacanhmkjs, imohcharhm y jksjrjs `j cms jstaocjnhihjktms `j acmgaihjktm sj iaktjk`rák jk nmk`hnhmkjs þpthias `j prjsjktanhþk, euknhmkaihjktm y chiphjza. Art. 55.- Hkspjnnhmkjs.- Jc Ihkhstjrhm `j Purhsim sj jknujktra eanucta`m para

rjachzar m `hspmkjr jk nuacquhjr thjipm hkspjnnhmkjs a cms acmgaihjktms, nmk jc mogjtm `j vjrhehnar jc nuipchihjktm `j cas `hspmshnhmkjs nmkstaktjs jk ca Cjy Jspjnhac `j @jsarrmccm Purésthnm y sus kmrias `j apchnanhþk y nmiprmoar jc oujk euknhmkaihjktm `j cms ihsims. Cas hkspjnnhmkjs sj rjachzarák, kjnjsarhaijktj, nmk ca nmknurrjknha `jc a`ihkhstra`mr m a`ihkhstra`mr `jc acmgaihjktm, m ca pjrsmka quj bala sus vjnjs. Art. 5