Estructuras
August 13, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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GBSZGZQZH \HKGZÇCBGCH BNCGHBNK ASGN TNCNZABCH Iruph4 >CE:
Gbtairnbtas4
ASZVQCZQVNS EAZÎKGCNS, NCNFNJHS W \VAONFVGCNJHS Axprasgób Irîocn
Oac`n4 >0-41, pnrn jaspuçs chkhcnr ak paineabth crast y painr kn pgazn jadnbjh ubn sapnrncgób ja 0ee abtra akkns. CNBZAVN
fknbch.
Cnrnctaråstgcns. Vhcn åiban axtrusgvn, ja cnbths nbiuknras ja irnbh
ogbh,
ja
irnb
rasgstabcgn
Qshs. Sa utg utgkgz kgzn n ab eneph enephsta stanrn nrns, s, onc`n onc`njn jns, s, ascnka ascnkarns rns,, chbstruccgób ja cgegabths, ab ravastgegab chbstruccgób ravastgegabths ths ja eurhs y jaogbgr pgshs y eurhs. Zgphs Zgp hs y ckn cknsas sas.. Bnturnkas, sgbtçtgcns, enrcns4 c`gkukn sunva, c nbtarn hrchkhcncgób jgbnrgn, neasa rgcnjafarî bh baichb rh. \rhcajgegabth ja . Ak eurh npknbnr ehrtarh caeabth- nrabn prhphrcgób >41 pnrn jaspuçs chkhcnr ubn fnsa ja paineabth crast y ab astn chkhcnr kns pgazns ja cnbtarn jadnbjh dubtns ja 0ee.
NCNFNJHS NIKHEAVNJHS N\KNBNJH JA EHVZAVHCAEABZH-NVABN EHVZAVHCAEABZH-NVABN Cnrnctaråstgcns. Astî ohrenjh ja caeabth, nrabn y niun chb ubn prhphrcgób ja >41 asths npknbnjhs, nk onfrgcnrsa sa eazcknb njacunjneabta, chb ak hfdatgvh ja tabar khs rasuktnjhs ja rasgstabcgn, `hehiabagjnj, y
enbadnfgkgjnj jasanjhs. Qshs. Sa puajab usnr ab pgshs, eurhs, ab zhbns ja ush gbtabsh pnrn npknbnjhs ja pknohbas. Zgphs y cknsas. Npkn Npknbnj bnjh h ja taxturn taxturn nrabhs nrabhsh h (cae (caeabth abth-nra -nrabn), bn), npknbn npk nbnjh jh ncnfnjh ncnfnjh carrhtanj carrhtanjh h (ehrtarh (ehrtarh fns fnstnrj tnrjh h caeabth caeabth-nra -nrabn bn chb pgajrns). \rhcajgegabth ja chkhcncgób. Npkgcnrsa shfra pknoób sa `nca ub pgcnjh, phstarghreabta sa npkgcn ak npknbnjh caeabth-nrabn chb enastrns bgvaknjns n raikn, utgkgznbjh cuc`nrn ja nkfnþgk. N\KNBNJH JA WASH Cnrnctaråstgcns. Sa aknfhrn aepkanbjh 3 pnrtas ja niun y 3 pnrtas ja yash (pnrn npkn npknbn bnjh jh gbtarg gbtarghr) hr).. Kn eazckn eazckn sa `nca `nca ab ubn ubn ya yasar sarn n h nrtasn nrtasn ravhkvgabjh ravhkvgab jh khs entargnkas njacunjneabta, njacunjneabta, fntgabjh khs entargnkas chb ak fnstgjhr chbstnbtaeabta. Qshs. Sa puaj puaja a usnr usnr ch cheh eh racuf racufrge rgega gabth bths s ab pgshs, pgshs, eurhs eurhs y pknohbas njaeîs ja qua prhtaia nk entargnk fnsa. Zgphs y cknsas. Npknbnjh ja yash pnrn gbtarghras 6/: ja niun y 3 ja yash Npknbnjhs Npknbn jhs pnrn axtarghras rasgstabtas nk getaepargnkgseh getaepargnkgseh (cnk + vhkueab ja yash + niun) \rhcaj \rh cajgeg gegabt abth h ja chk chkhcn hcncgó cgób b. N thkh thkhc c`n4 (sg (sgb ge gep phrt rtn nr ak ncnfnj ncn fnjh), h), n ravabtób ravabtób4(en 4(enyhr yhr ubgohregj ubgohregjnj nj ja aspashr aspashr sa utgkgznb utgkgznb `gkhs cheh iuåns ja aspashr), n raikn4 sa sustgtuya phr enastrns, jaskgznbjh shfra astns raikns ja enjarn, chb enastrns n pkheh y raikn4 ja prgearn cnkgjnj giunk n kn nbtarghr parh pkheanbjh kns enastrns pnrn khirnr paroactn vartgcnkgjnj. \NSZNS W ZGVHKAS
Cnrnctaråstgcns. Sa cran kn eazckn chb sukonth ja cnkcgh y ca caea eabt bth h fk fknb nbch ch.. Kns Kns cn cnbt btgj gjnj njas as baca bacasn snrg rgns ns pn pnrn rn su aknfhrncgób shb ja tras vhkôeabas ja carh ogbh, ub vhkueab ja carh iruashs, jhs vhkôeabas ja sukonth ja cnkcgh y tras vhkôeabas ja caeabth fknbch. Qshs. Shb utgkgznjns pnrn cufrgr suparogcgas, cheh shb khs eurhs eu rhs,, pk pknoh nohba bas, s, puart puartns, ns, onc`n onc`njn jns, s, atc. atc. nså nså che cheh h pn pnrn rn j Zagpchhsrnrknsy
nh s.. cknsas. Zgrhky npknbnjh, Zgrhk rhpk rhtariuasrtgkc \rhcajgegabth ja chkhcncgób. Zgrhk rustgch4 su npkgcncgób sa `nca shfra ub npknbnjh ja caeabth-nrabn h yash, sa npkgcn chb nyujn ja kn tgrhkatn enbunk. Zgrhk pknbc`njh4 pknbc`njh4 su npkgcncgób as giunk n kn jak Zgrhk rustgch chb jgoarabcgn jgoarabcgn qua jaspuçs ja npkgcnjh ak Zgrhk sa jafarî pnsnr kn cuc`nrn ja yasarh shfra ak Zgrhk pnrn qua asta tabin ub ncnfnjh pknbh. NCNFNJHS CNVN_GSZN @AVVNEGABZNS
JA
CHBCVAZH
ZAPZQVNJH
NCNFNJH
CHB
As ak qua utgkgzn `arrnegabtns ja enbh, trnfndnbjh kn suparogcga n ehstrnr. Kns phjaehs cknsgogcnr ab4
ENVZAKKGBNJH ENVZAKKGBN JH W CGBCAKNJH CGBCAKNJH.. ENVZAKKGBNJ ENVZAKKGBNJH H As ak npnradh qua utgkgzn enrtakkgbns ( enrt enrtgk gkkh kh ja cnbt cnbtar arh h chb chb kns kns jh jhs s fhcn fhcns s ja kh khs s jgab jgabta tas s pr prgs gseî eîtg tgch chs) s) ak qu qua a ja jafa fa enbtabarsa ab îbiukh racth chb raspacth n kn suparogcga n trnfndnr, adarcgabjh ubn prasgób shfra kn `arrnegabtn.
CHBCVAZH ZAPZQVNJH CGBCAKNJH As ak npnradh qua utgkgzn ak cgbcak pnrn knfrnr kn suparogcga suparogc ga n trnfndnr trnfndnr,, nk qua kknenrån kknenrånehs ehs cgbcaknj cgbcaknjh h bhrenk, bhrenk, puaja puaja tnefgçb tnefgçb trnfndnr trnfndnrsa sa utgkgznbjh `arrnegabtns hparnjns akçctrgcneabta h baueîtgcneabta. Ak ncnfnjh puaja sa sarr ogb ogbh, h, eajgn eajgnbh bh h îspa îsparh, rh, ja ncuarj ncuarjh h n cheh cheh sa `n `nyn yn trnfn trnfndn dnjh jh.. @ny @ny qu qua a tabar tabar pracnucgób ja `ncar astn hparncgób ja cgbcaknjh, jaspuçs ja 1< jåns ja `nfarsa vncgnjh ak chbcrath.
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