Estructuras de Concreto Equipo 2

 

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D[XRTKXTRI[ HD KGMKRDXG PIZIXI[ IN[OIHI[, KGRRNHI[ ^ KGOTLMI[

 

D[XRTKXTRI[ DM KGMKRDXG  Tmi Tmi dstrukturi pudhd kgmkdbnrsd kglg um snstdli, ds hdknr, kglg um kgm`umtg hd pirtds g kglpgmdmtds qud sd kglbnmim dm agrli grhdmihi piri kulponr umi aumknûm hihi.  Oi dstrukturi hdbd kulponr oi aumknûm i oi Oi qud dsté hdstnmihi um erihg hd sdeurnhih y hd kgm limdri qud rizgmibod tdmei um kglpgrtilndmtg ihdkuihg dm ois kgmhnkngmds mgrliods hd sdrvnkng. Ihdlés, hdbdm sitnsaikdr sitnsaikdrsd sd gtrgs rdqunsntgs, tiods kglg limtdmdr do kgstg hdmtrg hd oìlntds dkgmûlnkgs y sitnsaikdr hdtdrlnmihis dxnedmknis dstîtnkis.

 

·YTÎ D[ TMI PIZIXI7 Oi zipiti ds umi knldmtiknûm supdranknio utnonzihi mgrlioldmtd dm tdrrdmgs kgm rdsnstdmkni ldhni g ioti i oi kglprdsnûm, sgbrd tdrrdmgs fglgeîmdgs. [u aumknûm ds imkoir y trimslntnr ois tdmsngmds qud edmdri umi dstrukturi io tdrrdmg sgbrd do qud sd dmkudmtri. [d ubnki dm oi bisd hd oi dstrukturi y sudod dmkgmtrirsd kglg um prnsli hd kgmkrdtg hdbi`g hd ogs pnoirds (g kgoulmis) hd oi dstrukturi dstrukturi..

 

PIZIXI[ IN[OIHI[ Ois zipitis insoihis sgm kglðmldmtd utnonzihgs piri knlndmtgs pgkg prgaumhgs kgm do ﬉m hd trimspgrtir y dxtdmhdr kireis kgmkdmtrihis, kiusihis pgr d`dlpog pgr kgoulmis g pnoirds. Ois zipitis insoihis pudhdm sdr hd litdrnio rdagrzihg g mg rdagrzihg. [nm dlbireg, piri oi bisd mg rdagrzihi, oi ioturi hd oi bisd hdbd sdr liygr piri prgpgrkngmir oi sdpiriknûm hd kirei mdkdsirni.

 

PIZIXI[ IN[OIHI[ Ois zipitis insoihis sûog hdbdm utnonzirsd kuimhg dstdlgs sdeurgs hd qud mg sd prghuknrém isdmtilndmtgs virnibods dm tghg do dhnankng. Ois zipitis insoihis mg sgm ihdkuihis piri sgpgrtir kireis edmdrionzihis. Dm dstd kisg, sd utnonzim timtg bisds hd zipiti kgrrnhi g ogsi hd knldmtiknûm.

 

XNZG[ HD PIZIXI[ IN[OIHI[ Pipitis fldxnbods0  Do kimtg (ioturi) hd dstis zipitis ds ldmgr qud do vudog (oireg) dm ois hgs

hnrdkkngmds hd oi zipiti. Dstd tnpg hd zipiti sgpgrti audrzis hd trikknûm y hd kglprdsnûm hd oi dstrukturi. Pipitis hdagrlibods g rìenhis0 Do kimtg  ds neuio g ldmgr qud do vudog  léxnlg ldhnhg dm ilbis hnrdkkngm hnrdkkngmds. ds. Pipitis dxkîmtrnkis g hd ldhnimdrìi0  Dm dstis zipitis oi kirei mg sd kdmtri dm do knlndmtg, ds do kisg dm do kuio do pnoir g oi pirdh hd kirei (ldhnimdri) qud ipgyi sgbrd umi zipiti, insoihi g kgmtnmui, dsté tgkimhg do oìlntd hdo prdhng, y oi kirei mg pudhd qudhir kdmtrihi dm do knlndmtg (pudhd sdr pgr kudstngmds hd prgpndhih hdo prdhng). Pipitis kdmtrihis0  Dstd tnpg hd zipiti sd limtndmd ilirrihi g irrngstrihi kgm rngstris hd kgmkrdtg u fgrlneûm irlihg hd sdkknûm nmadrngr i oi zipiti. Pipitis rdktimeuoirds0 [gm zipitis qud prdsdmtim oihgs hdsneuiods. Pipitis knrkuoirds0 [u kiriktdrìstnki prnmknpio ds su agrli knrkuoir. Pipitis kuihrihis0 [gm ois qud prdsdmtim sus oihgs neuiods.

 

HDXIOOD HD PIZIXI

 

·YTÎ D[ TMI PIZIXI KGLBNMIHI7 Ois zipitis kglbnmihis g kgonmhimtds, sgm dlpodihis kglg bisd hd hgs g lés ds kgoulmis kdrkimis. [u gb`dtnvg dvntir dxkîmtrnkis kireis dm oi ðotnli zipiti. Dm dstis zipitis ois kgoulmis mg sd ubnkim dm su kdmtrg snmg hd agrli dxkîmtrnki, og kuio gkurrd kgm ardkudmkni dm ois kgoulmis pdrnldtriods.

 

PIZIXI[ KGLBNMIHI[ Ois zipitis kglbnmihis sudodm kglbnmirsd kgm vneis hd itihg, piri dqunonbrir kireis, dvntimhg qud oi knldmtiknûm sd vudoqud g sd enrd.

 

PIZIXI[ KGRRNHI[ Ois Pipitis Kgrrnhis sgm, Kgrrnhis sgm, sdeðm do Kûhneg Xîkmnkg hd oi Dhnankiknûm KXD, iqudoois zipitis qud rdkgedm lés hd trds pnoirds. Ois kgmsnhdri isì hnstnmtis i ois zipitis kglbnmihis, qud sgm iqudoois qud rdkgedm hgs pnoirds. Dsti hnstnmknûm ds gb`dtg hd hdbitd pudstg qud umi zipiti kglbnmihi pudhd sgpgrtir pdradktildmtd trds pnoirds.

 

PIZIXI[ KGRRNHI[  OOis is Pipitis Kgrrnhis sd Kgrrnhis  iponkim mgrlioldmtd i lurgs. Zudhdm tdmdr sdkknûm rdktimeuoir, dskiogmihi [us g dstrdkfihi krûmnkildmtd. hnldmsngmds dstém dm rdoiknûm kgm oi kirei qud fim hd sgpgrtir, oi rdsnstdmkni i oi kglprdsnûm hdo litdrnio y oi prdsnûm ihlnsnbod sgbrd do tdrrdmg. Zgr  Z gr priktnknhih sd ihgpti umi ioturi lìmnli piri ogs knlndmtgs hd fgrlneûm hd ;: kl iprgxnlihildmtd. [n ois ioturis sgm liygrds sd ods hi umi agrli dskiogmihi tdmndmhg dm kudmti do émeuog hd rdpirtg hd ois prdsngmds.

 

GB@DXNQG[ ◇ ◇ ◇

[u gb`dtnv gb`dtnvg g ds trisoi trisoihir hir do do pdsg pdsg hd oi dhnankik dhnankiknûm nûm g kgms kgmstrukk trukknûm nûm io io sudog. [us hnldms hnldmsngmds ngmds hdpd hdpdmhdm mhdm hdo tnpg tnpg hd sudog sudog y do pdsg pdsg qud trims trimslntd lntd io sudog. Do litdrni litdrnioo kgm do qud qud sd kgms kgmstruyd truyd ds umi umi ldzkoi ldzkoi hd kdldmtg kdldmtg,, fgrlneûm, pndhri erimhd, y ieui.

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Imtds hd viknir viknir oi ldzk ldzkoi, oi, hdbds hdbds kgogki kgogkirr oi irlihuri irlihuri g do kgm`um kgm`umtg tg hd virnoois hd andrrg hd ois auturis kgoulmis hd ilirrd. Ogs knlndm knlndmtgs tgs kgrrnh kgrrnhgs, gs, pgr pgr dstir dstir sndlpr sndlprd d bi`g bi`g do mnvdo hdo tdrrdmg tdrrdmg miturio, mg mdkdsntim dmkgarir g ilgohirsd, yi qud oi agrli a grli hdo knlndmtg ds prghuknhi pgr oi prgpni zim`i. Ds dm do prgkdsg prgkdsg hd oi knldm knldmtiknû tiknûm m qud sd hdbd hdbd dstir dstir itdmtg itdmtg piri piri hd`ir hd`ir ogs pisds kgrrdspgmhndmtds piri ois tubdrìis hd hdsieÿd. [n do tdrrdmg tdrrdmg io agmhg agmhg hd oi oi zim`i zim`i ds hnaìkno hnaìkno hd hd mnvdoir mnvdoir,, pudhds pudhds viknir viknir um um sgoihg hd kgmkrdtg pgbrd piri qud do agmhg hd oi zim`i qudhd i mnvdo.

 

PIZIXI[ RÌENHI[ Ois zipitis rìenhis oodvim umi irlihuri qud pdrlntd sgpgrtir umi liygr audrzi hd aodxnûm, oi irlihuri prdsdmti um hnéldtrg hd 92ll nlpnhndmhg ogs dadktgs hd kgrrgsnûm, dstis zipitis rìenhis hdbdm tdmdr um rdkubrnlndmtg hd kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg hd lìmnlg 6kl y dmtrd 24 i 4:ce/l; hd fndrrg.

 

PIZIXI[ LIKNPI[ Ois zipitis liknzis, sd dlpodim dm knldmtikngmds kgmtnmuis, trimsandrdm ois audrzis hd limdri pnrilnhio, prdsdmtimhg umi agrli trnimeuoir, su lurg hd kirei pudhd sdr dxkîmtrnkg g kdmtrihg. [u dsaudrzg ds hd kglprdsnûm y pudhdm g mg tdmdr irlihuri dm su nmtdrngr

 

PIZIXI[ AODVNBOD[ Ois zipitis aodxnbods, pudhdm sgpgrtir audrzis hd trikknûm y kglprdsnûm, su émeuog mg iskndmhd i ogs 84 erihgs dm do trnémeuog hd hnstrnbuknûm hd ogs dsaudrzgs, sd hdbdm dlpodir dmtrd 4: y 9::ce/l; hd fndrrg piri rdionzir su irlizûm.

 

DMKGARIHG[

 DDm m do kisg hd qud oi tndrri tdmhndsd i hdslgrgmirsd g do knlndmtg hdbi dskiogmir, sd utnonzirém dmkgarihgs. [n ogs knlndmtgs sd rdionzim dm fgrlneûm ipnsgmihg, pudhdm fgrlnegmir snm mdkdsnhih hd ogs lnslgs.  [[nn ogs tribi`gs hd knldmtiknûm hdbndrim nmtdrrulpnrsd, sd rdkglndmhi kgrtir dm dskiogmds oi `umti vdrtnkio piri ogerir umi kgrrdkti umnûm kgm do sneundmtd. Isnlnslg hd trilg irlihuri rdagrziré dsti kgogkir umgs fndrrgs

 

Dmkgarihgs dm ikdrg lihdri dkgmûlnkis y aumkngmiods kgm dxkdodmtds vdmti`is Oi vdrsitnonhih hd Agrsi Ikdrg piri hnstrnbunr ogs pimdods od brnmhi iponkikngmds virnihis dm hnadrdmtds tnpgs hd dstrukturis, kglg vneis lurgs hd ogsis, kgmtdmknûm, lurgs hnvnsgrngs, sûtimgs, iîrdis, kgoulmis, bgx kguovdrts, pudmtds, timquds hd iolikdmilndmtg, poimtis hd tritilndmtg hd ieuis, pnsknmis y dhnankikngmds kgldrkniodss y rdsnhdmknio kgldrkniod rdsnhdmkniods. ds. Aékno limnpuoiknûm y irlihg limuio0  limuio0 su dstrukturi onvnimi od fikd snlpod hd irlir, hdsirlir y aékno hd trimspgrtir, ikgrtimhg ogs tndlpgs hd tribi`g. [d utnonzi um sgog tnpg hd ikkdsgrngs piri dmsilboir ogs pimdods dmtrd sn qud snrvd hd pnm y hd kuùi.

 

KGOTLMI[ HD KGMKRDXG  OOis is kgoulmis hd kgmkrdtg tndmdm kglg tirdi aumhildmtio trimslntnr aumhildmtio trimslntnr ois kireis hd ois ogsis fikni ogs knlndmtgs,, oi prnmknpio kirei qud knlndmtgs rdknbd ds oi hd kglprdsnûm, pdrg dm kgm`umtg dstrukturio oi kgoulmi sgpgrti dsaudrzgs aodxngmimtds tilbnîm, pgr og qud dstgs dodldmtgs hdbdrém kgmtir kgm um rdaudrzg hd ikdrg qud od iyuhdm i sgpgrtir dstgs dsaudrzgs.

 

KGOGKIKNÛM Imtds hd viknir do kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg,, kgogkirdlgs do rdaudrzg hd ikdrg hd ois kgoulmis dm oi zim`i hdo knlndmtg kgrrnhg g mnvdoihg. Kuimhg sd vndrti do kgmkrdtg knkoûpdg0 kglpudstg hd kdldmtg, fgrlneûm y pndhri erimhd, piri do knlndmtg mnvdoihg y sgbrdknlndmtg sgbrdknlndmtg,, sgbrdsiohrém ogs andrrgs hd ois kgoulmis.

 

Do bgrhd qud fikd do lurg kgm oi kgoulmi hdbd qudhir dm agrli hd dmhdmtihg, ds hdknr, dm umi fnoihi g sdrnd vi do oihrnoog kglpodtg y dm oi sneundmtd fnoihi g sdrnd sgog ldhng oihrnoog, isì fisti oodeir i oi ðotnli sdrnd, tio y kglg sd ludstri dm oi nliedm, piri qud io viknir do kgmkrdtg , dstd iyuhd io kgmanmilndmtg hdo lurg.

 

DMKGARIHG ^ HD[DMKGARIHG Do dmkgarihg g lgohd hd lihdri hd ois kgoulmis hdbd kubrnr oi pirtd kdmtrio hd dsti, y tilbnîm tghi oi pirtd dmhdmtihi. Ds hdknr, tghi oi zgmi qud nré dm kgmtiktg kgm do kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg.. Rdionzi do hdsdmkgarihg g do rdtnrg hdo lgohd hd lihdri i ois 28 fgris hd fibdr viknihg do kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg   dm oi kgoulmi. Dstd oipsg hd tndlpg ds nlpgrtimtd piri dvntir um kgoipsg g hdrrulbd.

 

KGMKRDXG Qdrnanki qud do ikdrg dstî sdpirihg Qdrnanki hdo dmkgarihg g lgohd hd lihdri y qud îstd ipirdzki vdrtnkioldmtd y pdradktildmtd isdeurihg. Oudeg, vikìi do kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg kgm  kgm dsti prdpiriknûm0

 

QNBRIHG ^ KTRIHG Lndmtris sd vikìi do kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg,, isdeurirdlgs oi hnstrnbuknûm umnagrld hdmtrg hdo dmkgarihg g lgohd hd lihdri, dvntimhg ois zgmis vikìis. Dstg ds pgsnbod kgm oi vnbriknûm hdo kgmkrdtg qud sd rdionzi kgm umi virnooi lgtgrnzihi. Io hìi sneundmtd hd viknir oi kgoulmi sd firé do hdsdmkgarihg g do rdtnrg hdo lgohd hd lihdri d nmldhnitildmtd do ‟kurihg“ hdo kgmkrdtg kgmkrdtg.. Dstg snemnanki lg`ir oi kgoulmi g kgoulmis kgm umi limeudri hd ieui ipdmis sd fiyi rdtnrihg do lgohd.

 

LGOHD[ HD IOTLNMNG

 

ZRGKD[G HD KGM[XRTKKNÛM Do ikdrg ds an`ihg, ogs lgohds dm pgsnknûm y do kgmkrdt kgmkrdtg g ds viknihg rdpntndmhg do knkog hnirng.