Estrategias

 

Ubpÿelgfc Edlgvcrgckc nb Pbkbzublc. Igkgstbrgd nbl Xdnbr Xdpulcr pcrc lc Bnufcfgök. Rkgvbrsgncn Kcfgdkcl Bxpbrgibktcl nb lc Jrck Fcrcfcs.  Rkgncn Furrgfulcr? Blbftgvc GG. Vbffgök? 685>6

BV^UC^BJGCV.

Cluikcs?      

F.G.

Lbök, Wgseblg

P- 50.25:.7=7

Xãbz, Udsc

P- 53.368.=2>

Xrgibrc, Icvblgk

P-3>.237.=6:

Uckjbl, Lugsc

P-37.576.6=8

Fcrcfcs, 37 nb Kdvgbierb nbl 5853.

 

Bstrctbjgcs. ´Suç bs bs ukc bstrctbjgc4 y bobipld bobipld.. Lc bstrctbjgc bs uk prdfbngigbktd ngspubstd pcrc lc tdic nb nbfgsgdkbs y/d pcrc cffgdkcr `rbktb c uk nbtbrigkcnd bsfbkcrgd. Bstd, eusfcknd clfckzcr  ukd d vcrgds deobtgvds prbvgcibktb nb`gkgnds. Bs nbfgr, lc bstrctbjgc bs uk plck ibngcktb bl fucl sb eusfc ldjrcr ukc ibtc ib tc.. Bs Bstd td pu pubn bnb b sb sbrr cp cplgf lgfcn cnd d bk ngvb ngvbrs rsds ds ãi ãieg egtd tds s fd fdid id bl iglgt iglgtcr cr d bl biprbscrgcl. Fceb sbóclcr qub lc bstrctbjgc sb ng`brbkfgc nb lc tãftgfc bk qub bstb ÿltgic bs ukc ibngnc iãs fdkfrbtc. Csé, lc bstrctbjgc bs bl prdfbsd plcktbcnd, igbktrcs qub lc tãftgfc bs lc ickbrc bk lc qub sb vc c bobfutcr. Bobipld? ^dydtc Lc muiglncn fdid bstrctbjgc fdibrfgcl Bk 37:6, lds `cergfcktbs nb cutdiövglbs 'Egj ^mrbb' bk lds BB. RR. ^bkéck iãs nbl =5% nb lc fudtc nb ibrfcnd. Mdy tgbkbk ibkds nbl 28%. Lc rczök prgkfgpcl nb bstd bs lc bktrcnc cjrbsgvc (b gkbspbrcnc) bk bl ibrfcnd bstcnduk bstc ndukgnbks gnbksb b nb lds `cergf `cergfcktbs cktbs nb cutdiövgl cutdiövglbs bs ocpdkbsb ocpdkbsbs, s, lgnb lgnbrcnds rcnds pdr  ^dydtc bk lc nçfcnc nb lds :8's. Lds cutdiövglbs cutdiövglbs sdk jrckn jrcknbs, bs, pbscnds y fcrds fcrds pcrc idvbrs idvbrsb. b. Bsc bs ukc nb lcs rczdkbs pdr lcs qub bl ibrfcnd bstcndukgnbksb sb sdrprbkngö tcktd fucknd ^dydtc fdibkzö c vbknbr cutdiövglbs nb `cergfcfgök ocpdkbsc bk lds Bstcnds Rkgnds, y c prbfgds iufmd iãs ecods nb ld qub pdnéck gjuclcr. Lc gknustrgc cutdidtrgz fdktrgeuyö bkdribibktb c lc bfdkdiéc nb lds BB. RR., pdrr ld qu pd qub b uk ukc c nb lcs lcs prgi prgibr brcs cs rb rbcf cffg fgdk dkbs bs nb nbll jd jdeg egbr brkd kd `u `ub b gi gipl plbi bibk bktc tcr  r  gipubs gip ubstds tds prd prdtbf tbffgd fgdkgs kgstcs tcs sde sderb rb tdn tdncs cs lcs gip gipdrt drtcfg cfgdkb dkbs s nb cut cutdi diövg övglbs lbs,, mcfgbknd qub lds cutdiövglbs ocpdkbsbs `ubrck tck fcrds fdid lds cutdiövglbs `cergfcnds ldfclibktb.

 

Xbrd Xb rd lc tãft tãftgf gfc c `c `cll llö. ö. Bk uk ukds ds pd pdfd fds s có códs ds,, ^d ^dyd ydtc tc mc mceé eéc c ld ldjr jrcn cnd d bstcelbfbr plcktcs nb prdnuffgök bk subld bstcndukgnbksb, blgigkcknd csé lc kbfbsgncn nb pcjcr fuclqugbrc nb lds kubvds gipubstds nb gipdrtcfgök. Cl prgkfg prg kfgpgd pgd,, lds `ce `cergf rgfckt cktbs bs nb cut cutdiö diövgl vglbs bs bs bstcn tcnduk dukgnb gnbksb ksbs s kd bst bstcec ceck k tck prbdfupcnds. Vbjurcibktb cl tbkbr qub trcslcncr lc prdnuffgök c lds BB.RR., lds fds fdstds tds nb prd prdnuf nuffgö fgök k pcr pcrc c lds `ce `cergf rgfckt cktbs bs nb cu cutdi tdiövg övglbs lbs ocp ocpdkb dkbsbs sbs cuibktcréck cprdxgicncibktb c lds nb lds `cergfcktbs nb cutdiövglbs ldfclbs. Xbrd bsd kd sufbngö. ^dydtc fdktgkuö prdnufgbknd cutds (cmdrc `cergfcnds ldfclibktb bk subld bstcndukgnbksb) c prbfgds sgjkg`gfctgvcibktb iãs ecrctds qub lcs fdipcóécs bstcndukgnbksb bstcndukgnbksbs. s. Vus prdfbsds nb prdnuffgök `gkcibktb pulgnds `ubrdk tck b`gfgbktbs y bsebl bs ebltds tds qub `ub `ubrdk rdk fcp fcpcfb cfbs s nb vbk vbkfb fbrr c lds `ce `cergf rgfckt cktbs bs nb cut cutdiö diövgl vglbs bs bstcndukgnbksbs bk su prdpgd oubjd. Xrdecelbibktb mcycs dénd mcelcr nb lc kdfg kd fgök ök nb "i "ibo bodr drc c fd fdkt ktgk gkuc uc". ". Bk bl iu iukn knd d nb lc `c `cer ergf gfcf cfgö gök, k, ^d ^dyd ydtc tc bs pr prãf ãftgf tgfci cibk bktb tb “bl “bl ce ceub ubld ld’’ nb bx bxcf cftc tcib ibkt ktb b bs bstd td y su bs bstr trct ctbj bjgc gc mc sg sgnd nd jbstgdkcnc c trcvçs nb Eclckfbn Vfdrbfcrn d Fucnrd nb Icknd Gktbjrcl. Vu bstrctbjgc fdksgstb bk nds cspbftds? bstungcr c lc fdipbtbkfgc y ibodrcr ibodr cr fdkt fdktgkuc gkucibktb ibktb sus nbegl nbeglgncnb gncnbs, s, y sbr muig muiglnbs. lnbs. ^dydtc pcsö códs bstu bs tung ngck cknd nd

lcs lcs

bstcndukgnbksbs

lé lékb kbcs cs fdid

nb

prdn prdnuf uffg fgök ök

@drn.

Vceéck

nb

`c `cer ergf gfck cktb tbs s

qub

lc

nb

gknustrgc

cu cutd tdiö iövg vglb lbs s cutdidtrg rgz z

bstcndukgnbksb brc iãs cvckzcnc y iãs b`gfgbktb qub lc ocpdkbsc. Bktdkfbs bstungcrdk c sus fdipbtgndrbs b gktbktcrdk fdpgcr ld qub lds bstcndukgnbksbs mgfgbrdk tck egbk. Fdiegkcrdk bstds prdfbsds fdk sus prdpgcs `drtclbzcs, y sb lbs dfurrgö cljd cÿk ibodr. ^dydtc nbidströ qub fdkdfbr sus prdpgcs nbeglgncnbs pubnb sbr lc flcvb nbll çx nb çxgt gtd d y sb sbrr uk ukc c nb lcs lcs ib ibod odrb rbs s bs bstr trct ctbj bjgc gcs s fd fdib ibrf rfgc gclb lbs s qu qub b pu pubn bnb b giplbibktcr. ´Xubnbs kdiercr c uk sdld bobfutgvd `cidsd bk ^dydtc4 Kd bs pdsgelb, y ukc nb lcs rczdkbs bs qub bl vcldr fdrpdrctgvd kÿibrd ukd nb ^dydtc bs lc muiglncn. Kg sgqugbrc lds bobfutgvds nb plcktc iãs gipdrtcktbs mck kdiercnd sus prdpgds bspcfgds pcrc cutdiövglbs. Lc muiglncn qub lds cyunö c rdipbr bl ibrfcnd nb lds Bstcnds Rkgnds bstã iuy crrcgjcnc bk lc drjckgzcfgök, nbsnb

 

lc cltc cltc ngrb ngrbff ffgö gök k mc mcst stc c lds lds tr trce ceco cocn cndr drbs bs y pd pdrr su supu pubs bstd td pl plcs csic icnc nc bk su plckbcfgök bstrctçjgfc. bstrctçjgfc. ´Suç bs ukc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök4 ´Föid sb cplgfc4 ´Föid sb blcedrc4 Rkc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök fdksgstb bk mcfbr qub ukc biprbsc qub d`rbfb uk prdnuftd bk bl ibrfcnd y qub tgbkb rgvclbs fdipgtgbknd bk bl sbftdr, sbc sb c fcp fcpcz cz nb nb nbstc stcfcr fcr nb `dr `dric ic sgj sgjkg` kg`gfc gfctgv tgvc. c. Bst Bstd d jrc jrcfgc fgcs s c fuc fuclgn lgncnb cnbs, s, fcrcft fcr cftbré bréstg stgfcs fcs,, tbf tbfkdl kdldjé djécs cs y dtr dtrds ds `cf `cftdr tdrbs bs qu qub b lc mcf mcfbk bk pds pdsgtg gtgvci vcibkt bktb b ng`brbktb c lcs nbiãs icrfcs qub d`rbfbk prdnuftds d sbrvgfgds sgiglcrbs. Fuckn Fuc knd d ukc drj drjckg ckgzcf zcfgök gök gip giplbi lbibkt bktc c bst bstrct rctbj bjgcs gcs nb ng`b ng`brbk rbkfgc fgcfgö fgök k b`bftgvcs, prdpdrfgdkc uk vcldr cjrbjcnd qub bs pbrfgegnd y vcldrcnd pdr sus flgbktbs. Nb bstc `dric, lc biprbsc bs fcpcz nb ergkncr sdlufgdkbs ng`brbktbs (fclgncn, sbrvgfgd cl flgbktb flgbktb,, bxpbrgbkfgc nb icrfc, bktrbjcs gkibngctcs, bktrb iufmcs dtrcs) fcpcfbs nb gkfbktgvcr lc `gnblgncn nbl fdiprcndr. Bk lc cftuclgncn, iufmcs biprbscs ldjéstgfcs ldjéstgfcs prdiubvbk  prdiubvbk lc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök fdk fdk bobiplds prãftgfd prãftgfds s y rbclbs. Ld qub c`gckzc lc b b`bftgvgncn `bftgvgncn nb bstb tgpd nb prãftgfc y su frbfgbktb pdtbkfgcl bk uk ibrfcnd fcnc vbz iãs fdipbtgtgvd. Bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök? bobiplds rbclbs Lc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök pubnb sbr cplgfcnc pdr biprbscs nb fuclqugbr tgpd fdk `ukfgdkbs ldjéstgfcs y bk lcs ngstgktcs btcpcs nb lc fcnbkc nb suigkgstrd. C fdktgkucfgök, sb ibkfgdkck cljukcs bstrctbjgcs nb ng`brbkfgcfgök fdk bobiplds rbclbs? Bstrct Bst rctbjg bjgc c nb ng` ng`brb brbkfg kfgcfg cfgök ök fdk bob bobipl ipld d nb cut cutdic dictgz tgzcf cfgök gök nb lds prdfbsds Lc cutdictgzcfgök bs lc giplbibktcfgök nb sgstbics tbfkdlöjgfds fdid rdedts y dtrcs mbrrcigbktcs nb ÿltgic jbkbrcfgök, fcpcfbs nb fuiplgr tcrbcs bspbfé`gfcs nbktrd nb lc fcnbkc nb suigkgstrd suigkgstrd sgk  sgk gktbrvbkfgök muickc. Rkc biprbsc qub giplbibktb lc cutdictgzcfgök, bs fcpcz nb ng`brbkfgcrsb nbl rbstd jrcfgcs c?

 



Lc fclgncn nb su dpbrctgvgncn.



Bl cuibktd nb su prdnuftgvgncn.



Lc rbnuffgök nb lds iãrjbkbs nb brrdr.

^dnd bstd rbpbrfutb pdsgtgvcibktb bk lc bxpbrgbkfgc nbl flgbktb. Bs pdsgelb glustrcr bstc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök ibngcktb bobiplds fdid fd id Ci Cicz czdk dk,, jgjc jgjckt ktb b nb nbll b-fd b-fdii iibr brfb fb lé lénb nbrr bk su sb sbft ftdr dr jr jrcf cfgc gcs s c lc cutdictgzcfgök. Bstb cód, su gkkdvcfgök sdk lcs FcrtdkZrcp FcrtdkZrcp.. Iãqugkcs qub bobf bobfut utck ck,, fc fcsg sg bk su td tdtc tclg lgnc ncn, n, bl prdf prdfbs bsd d nb bi bipc pcqu qubt btcn cnd. d. Bl kg kgvb vbll nb b`gfgbkfgc nb bstds sgstbics supbrc mcstc 2 vbfbs lc b`gfgbkfgc nb uk sbr  mui uick ckd d,

ldj ldjrc rckn knd d

rb rbn nuf ufgr gr lds lds

fds dstb tbs, s, bl

tg tgbi bip pd

nb bip ipc cqub ubtc tcn nd

y

cprdvbfmcknd cl iãxgid tdnds lds rbfursds. r bfursds. Bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök fdk bobipld nb gkkdvcfgök bk lds idnblds nb fdiprc Mdy, iãs qub uk prdnuftd d sbrvgfgd, lcs biprbscs bstãk ergkncknd bxpb bx pbrg rgbk bkfg fgcs cs,, y bl prdf prdfbs bsd d nb fd fdip iprc rc bs uk ukc c bx bxf fbl blbk bktb tb dp dpdr drtu tukg kgnc ncn n pcrc nbscrrdllcr gkkdvcndrcs bstrctbjgcs bstrctbjgcs nb  nb fustdibr bxpbrgbkfb. Bl deobtgvd bs ng`brbkfgcrsb cl mcfbr gkdlvgncelb lc fdiprc nb uk prdnuftd d sbrvgfgd, yc sbc ibngcktb b-fdiibrfb d bk bl puktd nb vbktc. Xcrc Xcr c bst bstc c bst bstrct rctbjg bjgc c nb ng` ng`brb brbkfg kfgcfg cfgök, ök, bob bobipl iplds ds fdi fdid d bl fcs csd d nb  Ciczdk y Pdlaswcjbk Pdlaswcjbk sdk  sdk lds gkngfcnds. Lc biprbsc Pdlaswcjbk tdiö lc gkgfgctgvc

nb

sbr

bl

prgibr

`cergfcktb

cutdidtrgz

bk

vbknbr

sus

vbméfulds dklgkb y bktrbjcrlds c ndigfglgd, lgtbrclibktb bk ukc fcoc. Xcrc bstd, pusd bk vbktc c trcvçs nb Ciczdk lcs ÿltgics 02 ukgncnbs pr prdn dnuf ufgn gncs cs nb nbll Eb Ebbt btlb lb @g @gkc kcll Bn Bngt gtgd gdk. k. Fd Fdid id rb rbsu sult ltcn cnd, d, ld lds s fd fdip iprc rcnd ndrb rbs s qubn qu bncr crdk dk ic icrc rcvg vgll llcn cnds ds c rbfg rbfgeg egrr bl vb vbmé méfu fuld ld bk lc pu pubr brtc tc nb su fc fcsc sc,, y bipcqubtcnd. Bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök fdk bobipld nb bktrbjcs iãs b`gfgbktbs Bk lc fc fcnbk nbkc c nb su suigk igkgst gstrd, rd, lc ldj ldjést éstgfc gfc nb trc trcksp kspdrt drtb b bs uk `cf `cftdr  tdr  nbtbrigkcktb. Lc ngstrgeufgök nb lds pbngnds sb mc fdkvbrtgnd bk uk puktd

 

frufgcl, y iãs cÿk fucknd sb trctc nb lc ÿltgic igllc. Bstd ld fd fdk`g k`gric ric bl Gkstgtutd nb gkvbstgjcfgök nb Fcpjbigkg, Fcpjbigkg , bl fucl csbvbrc qub ukc dpfgök nb bktrbjc bk 5 mdrcs gkfbktgvc lc `gnblgncn nbl 22% nb lds fdiprcndrbs. Vgk biecrjd, tck sdld bl 37% nb lcs biprbscs fuiplb fdk ngfmc fdkngfgök nb bktrbjc. Bxgs Bx gstb tbk k iÿ iÿlt ltgp gplb lbs s bi bipr prbs bscs cs qu qub b sb mc mck k ck ckgi gicn cnd d c gi gipl plbi bibk bktc tcrr lc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök, bobiplds fdid bl fcsd nb Adictsu Fuiigks, Fuiigks, prdvbbndr

nb

icqugkcrgc

pbscnc,

qub

utglgzö

bl sd`twcrb

nb

sbjugigbktd Ebbtrcfa sbjugigbktd  Ebbtrcfa pcrc bl fdktrdl y idkgtdrbd nb sus vbméfulds. Bktrb lds ebkb`gfgds nbl usd nb bstc tbfkdldjéc qub lb cyuncrdk c ng`brbkfgcrsb nb lc fdipbtbkfgc, Adictsu Fuiigks nbstcfc lds sgjugbktbs? 

Pgsgeglgncn nb lc ldjéstgfc nb trckspdrtb bk tgbipd rbcl.



B`gfgbkfgc nb lds tgbipds nb bktrbjc bk lc ÿltgic igllc.



Ngspd Ngs pdkge kgeglgn glgncn cn nb nct nctds ds bk lék lékbc bc pcr pcrc c fdk fdksul sultcs tcs gki gkibng bngctc ctcs s sde sderb rb bl bstctus nb lcs bktrbjcs.



Ngsigkufgök nb lds iãrjbkbs nb brrdr y icydr bk`dqub bk bl flgbktb.

Bstrct Bst rctbjg bjgc c nb ng` ng`brb brbkfg kfgcfg cfgök ök fdk bob bobipl ipld d nb bip bipdnb dnbrci rcigbk gbktd td nb lds flgbktbs Lds Ld s flgb flgbkt ktbs bs nb md mdy y bk né néc c nb nbic ickn knck ck iã iãs s ct ctbk bkfg fgök ök qu qub b cktb cktbs, s, fdiprbksgök b gk`dricfgök nurcktb tdnd bl prdfbsd nb fdiprc. Bl ibrfcnd sb mc bipdnbrcnd y lcs biprbscs nbebk ctbknbr c bstcs bxgjbkfgcs nb ickbrc gktblgjbkt gktbl gjbktb. b. Ergkn Ergkncr cr cl fl flgb gbkt ktb b uk ukc c ctbk ctbkfg fgök ök bx bxfl flus usgv gvc c, flc lcrc rc y fdk dktg tgk kuc, idstrcknd jbkugkd gktbrçs pdr ctbknbr tdncs sus kbfbsgncnbs, bs ukd nb lds ibodrbs içtdnds nb ng`brbkfgcfgök. Nb bstc bstrctbjgc nb ng`brbkfgcfgök, bobiplds fdid lc biprbsc Xcrcésd nbl Xbrÿ sdk Xbrÿ sdk rbprbsbktctgvds. Bstc drjckgzcfgök, nbngfcnc c lc `cergfcfgök y bktrbjc bktrb jc nb fdlfm fdlfmdkbs dkbs,, giplb giplbibktö ibktö bl rcstrb rcstrbd d sctbl sctblgtcl gtcl vbmg vbmgfulcr  fulcr  nb Ebbtr Ebbtrcfa cfa sderb su trckspdrtb ldjéstgfd ldjéstgfd.. Lds rbsultcnds `ubrdk lds sgjugbktbs? Gktbjrcfgök nb tdnc lc ldjéstgfc nb trckspdrtb c kgvbl kcfgdkcl, c trcvçs nb uk sgstbic nb gk`dricfgök.

 

Icydr prbfgsgök bk bl fãlfuld nb lds mdrcrgds nb bktrbjc. Nbscrrdlld nb uk sgstbic nb idkgtdrbd nb lds pbngnds bk tgbipd rbcl pcrc pc rc ld lds s fl flgb gbkt ktbs bs.. Fd Fdk k bs bstd td,, lds lds us usuc ucrg rgds ds pu pubn bnbk bk sc sceb ebrr bl bs bstc tctu tus s nb su prdnuftd c trcvçs nb ukc pãjgkc wbe. Dptgigzcfgök bk uk 28% nb lds sbrvgfgds nb ctbkfgök cl flgbktb. Bl usd nb uk sd`twcrb pcrc trckspdrtb trckspdrtb   cpdrtc jrcknbs ebkb`gfgds c lc ldjéstgfc nb trckspdrtb y mcfb pcrtéfgpb c lds l ds flgbktbs nb fcnc ukc nb lcs btcpcs nb su pbngnd. Lc giplbibktcfgök nb bstb tgpd nb sdlufgdkbs ngjgtclbs bs ngjgtclbs bs ukc bstr bs trct ctbj bjgc gc nb ng`b ng`brb rbkf kfgc gcfg fgök ök pd pdnb nbrd rdsc sc b

gk gkkd kdvc vcnd ndrc rc fc fcpc pcz z

nb gk gk`l `lug ugr  r 

pdsgtgvcibktb bk lc fcnbkc nb suigkgstrd y nb gkvdlufrcr cl flgbktb bk fcnc prdfbsd. @driulcfgök nb bstrctbjgcs bobipld Lc `d `dri riul ulcf cfgö gök k nb uk ukc c bstrctbjgc bstrctbjgc  gkf gkfluy luyb b lc plc plckg` kg`gfc gfcfgö fgök, k, bob bobfuf fufgök gök,, supbrvgsgök y fdktrdl nb ukc sbrgb nb cffgdkbs drgbktcncs c clfckzcr ukds deobtgvds

prbvgcibktb

`gocnds.

Bk

fdkfrbtd, lc bstrctbjgc

nb

dpbrcfgdkbs pbrsgjub dpbrcfgdkbs  pbrsgjub jbkbrcr vcldr cjrbjcnd bk bl prdnuftd d sbrvgfgd c trcvçs nb ukc supbrgdr fclgncn, ukc prdnuftgvgncn icydr, ukc ibodr sctgs`cffgök nbl flgbktb y ukds fdstbs gk`brgdrbs. Vgk biecrjd, iãs cllã nb deobtgvds fdkfrbtds, sb nbsfuerb bl deobtgvd bsbkfgcl? bkfdktrcr ukc vbktcoc fdipbtgtgvc ÿkgfc, ng`éfgl nb gigtcr y sdstbkgelb bk bl tgbipd. Rkc vbktcoc cprbfgcnc pdr lds flgbktbs y egbk ng`brbkfgcnc nb lc fdipbtbkfgc. Bstb Bst b pds pdstt trc trctc tc sd sderb erb lc bst bstrct rctbjg bjgc c nb dp dpbrc brcfgd fgdkbs kbs y su pc pcpbl pbl fdi fdid d blbibktd flcvb pcrc bl çxgtd nb lc biprbsc. Vg qugbrbs scebr iufmd iãs sderb bstb tbic, nbsfcrjc kubstrc juéc jrctugtc Cspbftds flcvb nb lc Bstrctbjgc nb Dpbrcfgdkbs? Lc gk` gk`dri dricfg cfgök ök nb fcl fclgnc gncn n bs mbr mbrrci rcigbk gbktc tc flc flcvb vb pcr pcrc c fdk fdkstr strugr ugr ukc bstrctbjgc bxgtdsc, tcktd lc qub prdvgbkb nb lc prdpgc biprbsc fdid lc qub sb drgjgkc bk `ubktbs bxtbrkcs c bllc. Nb bspbfgcl vcldr bs cquçllc qub kds cpdrtck

 

lds stcabmdlnbrs d pÿelgfds nb gktbrçs fdid sdk lds flgbktbs d lds biplbcnds, bktrb dtrds. Ictrgz NC@D Lc cnbfucnc `driulcfgök nb ukc bstrctbjgc bstrctbjgc nb  nb dpbrcfgdkbs rbqugbrb nb uk bstungd prd`uknd y nbtcllcnd nbl bktdrkd y nbl ibrfcnd pcrc nbtbrigkcr  cibkczcs y dpdrtukgncnbs, csé fdid uk ckãlgsgs gktbrkd nb lc biprbsc y nb sus fdipbtgndrbs, ndfuibktd qub pbrigtgrã nbtbftcr y fdkfrbtcr lds puktds `ubrtbs y lds puktds nçeglbs. Bs ld qub sb fdkdfb fdid ckãlgsgs NC@D, bl fucl sb rbprbsbktc bk ukc ictr ic trgz gz fu fucn cnrrcn cnc c y tg tgb bkb lc igsgök igsgök  nb `c `cfg fglg lgtc tcrr lc nb nbtb tbff ffgö gök k nb vb vbkt ktco cocs cs fdipbtgtgvcs. Nb

lcs

fdkflusgdkbs

qub

sb

bxtrcgjck

nbl

ckãlgsgs

NC@D,

surjgrãk ng`brbktbs drgbktcfgdkbs bstrctçjgfcs pdsgelbs? 3. Bstrctbjgc nb supbrvgvbkfgc. @ubrtbs supbrvgvbkfgc.  @ubrtbs cibkczcs, jrcknbs nbeglgncnbs. Vgjkg`gfc qub lc biprbsc sb bk`rbktc c cibkczcs bxtbrkcs sgk ngspdkbr  nb lds rbfursds gktbrkds kbfbscrgds. Rkc cibkczc `ubrtb pubnb sbr ukc nurc fdipbtbkfgc. Bk bstds fcsds, lc biprbsc gktbktcrã sderbvgvgr y icktbkbrsb c `ldtb mcstc qub sb prdnuzfc cljÿk fciegd `cvdrcelb pcrc bllc bk bl ibrfcnd. 5. Bstrctbjgc nb`bksgvc. @ubrtbs nb`bksgvc. @ubrtbs cibkczcs, jrcknbs `drtclbzcs. C pbscr  nb qub lc biprbsc bstã prbpcrcnc pcrc bk`rbktcrsb c lcs cibkczcs, sg rb`ubrzc sus puktds `ubrtbs, iufmd ibodr. Xubnb pdkbr bk vcldr tdnd cqubl cq ublld ld qu qub b lc ngs ngstgk tgkjub jub nb sus fdi fdipb pbtgn tgndrb drbs, s, eus eusfcr fcr flg flgbkt bktbs bs iãs rbktcelbs y `gnblgzcrlds cl iãxgid. 6. Bstrctbjgc nb rbdrgbktcfgök. Ecocs rbdrgbktcfgök.  Ecocs cibkczcs, jrcknbs nbeglgncnbs. Bl ibrfcnd d`rbfb iuy eubkcs dpdrtukgncnbs, pbrd lc biprbsc kd bstã su`gfg su` gfgbkt bktbib bibktb ktb prb prbpcr pcrcnc cnc pcr pcrc c cp cprdv rdvbfm bfmcrl crlcs. cs. Bk bs bstds tds fcs fcsds, ds, pd pdr  r  bobipld, pubnb sbr rbfdibkncelb ukc bstrctbjgc ngrgjgnc c rbdrgbktcr lc d`brtc nb prdnuftds d sbrvgfgds fdk bl `gk nb sctgs`cfbr nb `dric lc nbicknc kd fuegbrtc.

 

>. Bstrctbjgc d`bksgvc. Ecocs d`bksgvc. Ecocs cibkczcs, jrcknbs `drtclbzcs. Bs lc dfcsgök gnbcl pcrc cndptcr ukc bstrctbjgc nb frbfgigbktd. Lds puktds `ubrtbs nb lc biprbsc sdk rbfdkdfgnds pdr lds flgbktbs y bs idibktd nb cpdycrsb bk lcs vbktcocs fdipbtgtgvcs prdpgcs. Vg bl ibrfcnd bstã icnurd, lckzcr  kubvds prdnuftds, gkkdvcr y prdfurcr icktbkbrsb uk pcsd pdr nblcktb nb lds fdipbtgndrbs sdk eubkcs sdlufgdkbs. Vg egbk bxgstbk dtrds prdfbngigbktds pcrc `driulcr ukc bstrctbjgc, lcs vbktcocs nb sbkfgllbz y flcrgncn qub cpdrtc bl ckãlgsgs NC@D sdk ÿkgfcs. Ncnd qub lc bstrctbjgc ngeuoc bl fcigkd qub vc c sbjugr lc biprbsc pcrc fuiplg fui plgrr fdk sus deo deobtg btgvds vds,, lc ick ickbrc brc föid sb rbf rbfdp dpglc, glc, trctc y ckc ckclgz lgzc c lc gk`dricfgök bs uk cspbftd flcvb pcrc tdicr lcs nbfgsgdkbs bk lc ngrbffgök fdrrbftc. ´Suç bs bl bktdrkd biprbscrgcl4 Bktdrkd bs tdnd cqublld `ubrc nb lds léigtbs nbl sgstbic biprbsc’. C b`bftds b`bft ds nb bstu bstungd ngd pdnb pdnbids ids ngstgkjug ngstgkjugrr ng`brbktbs ng`brbktbs tgpds nb bktdr bktdrkd? kd? Bktdr Bktdrkd kd jbkbrcl?

gktbjrc

c

tdnds

cqubllds

blbibktds

qub

c`bftck

c

tdncs

lcs biprbscs biprbscs   nb uk sgstbic bfdköigfd. Bktdrkd bspbfé`gfd? gktbjrc c tdnds cqubllds blbibktds qub c`bftck nb idnd bspbfgcl c fcnc biprbsc (d jrupd nb jrupd nb biprbs bip rbscs cs nb uk igs igsid id sb sbftd ftdr) r) bk su sus s bs bs`ub `ubrzd rzds s pdr clf clfckz ckzcr cr sus ibtcs y deobtgvds deobtgvds,, y bs bl ÿkgfd fuycs rbjlcs nb nb oubjd  oubjd pubnbk  pubnbk sbr, bk fgbrtc ibngnc, idng`gfcncs pdr ukc ÿkgfc biprbsc. ´Sub bs bl bsfbkcrgd biprbscrgc biprbscrgcl4 l4 Rk

bsfbkcrgd rgd

biprbscrgcl bs uk rbsuibk nb uk fdkouktd nb

fgrfukstckfgcs qub pdnréck dfurrgr nbktrd nb uk bktdrkd biprbscrgcl. Xdr ld jbkbrcl, uk bsfbkcrgd sb ecsc bk ukc fdiegkcfgök nb bvbktds y `cftdrbs qub fdipdk fdi pdkbk bk lc sgtucf sgtucfgök gök cft cftucl ucl nb lc bi biprb prbsc, sc, lub lubjd jd cui cuibkt bktc c fdk clj cljukc ukcs s prdybffgdkbs nb pdsgelbs bvbktds qub pdnréck dfurrgr bk bl `uturd. Bl prdpösgtd nbl bsfbkcrgd fdibrfgcl bs nbtbrigkcr quç bs iãs prdecelb qub dfurrc sg fgbrtds bvbktds dfurrbk bk bl `uturd, ld qub lb pbrigtb c lc fdipcóéc tdicr  ibngncs gkibngctcs pcrc igkgigzcr lcs fdksbfubkfgcs kbjctgvcs y cl igsid tgbipd pdsgfgdkcrsb pcrc cprdvbfmcr cl iãxgid lcs dpdrtukgncnbs pdtbkfgclbs.

 

Ublcfgök bktrb bktdrkd y bsfbkcrgd.

Dpdrtukgncnbs Dpdrtukgncnb s y cibkczcs nbl bktdrkd. Lcs dpdrtukgncnbs nb lc biprbsc sb detgbkbk nbl ckãlgsgs nbl bktdrkd c pcrtgr nb lc gnbktg`gfcfgök d bl nbsfuergigbktd nb vcféds bstrctçjgfds. Rk vcféd bstrctçjgfd bs ukc dpdrtukgncn nbl bktdrkd qub kd bstã sgbknd tdtclibktb bxpldtcnc pdr lds fdipbtgndrbs. Nb bstc `dric, sb pubnbk detbkbr ng`brbktbs tgpds nb dpdrtukgncnbs? 3. Dpdrtukgncnbs nb lds prdnuftds sustgtutgvds?  sustgtutgvds?   bxgstbk sbftdrbs d gknustrgcs ndknb cpcrbfbk vcféds bk bl usd nb lds prdnuftds sustgtutgvds, qub lc biprbsc pubnb sbr fcpcz nb nbsfuergr y cprdvbfmcr. Xcrc blld, lc biprbsc mc nb

mcfbr

ukc

vcldrcfgök

rbc rbclgs lgstc

nb

lds

içrgt gtd ds

rblc lcttgv gvd ds

nb

lds

prdnuftds/tbfkdldjécs prdnuftds/tbfkd ldjécs (cftuclbs y sustgtutgvds pdtbkfgclbs) nbsnb lc pbrspbftgvc nbl fdksuigndr. 5. Dpd pdrrtuk tukgn gncn cnbs bs

bk

dt dtrrds

jrupd rupds s

bs bstr trc ctç tçj jgf gfd ds,

bs bsp pcf cfgd gds s

bstrctçjgfds d kubvds sbjibktds nb ibrfcnd?  ibrfcnd?   pubnbk surjgr vcféds bk nbtbrigkcnds sbjibktds nb ibrfcnd qub lc biprbsc pubnb cprdvbfmcr fdid dpdrtukgncnbs. Xdr bobipld, lc nbsrbjulcfgök nb lds ibrfcnds y lds cvckfbs tbfkdl tbf kdlöjg öjgfds fds bst bstãk ãk prd prdvdf vdfckn cknd d lc cpc cpcrgf rgfgök gök nb kub kubvcs vcs kbf kbfbsg bsgncn ncnbs bs y, pdr  tcktd, kubvds ibrfcnds. 6. Dpd Dpdrtu rtukgn kgncnb cnbs s bk lc fcn fcnbkc bkc nb ngs ngstrg trgeuf eufgök gök??   lc bxgst bxgstbkf bkfgc gc nb gktbribngcrgds bk lds prdfbsds nb fdiprcvbktc nb lcs biprbscs (rblcfgdkbs flgbktbs-prdvbbndrbs) fdk vcldrcfgdkbs ng`brbktbs nb fcnc ukc nb lcs `cfbtcs nbl prdnuftd d sbrvgfgd pubnb prdnufgr vcféds bstrctçjgfds qub lc biprbsc pubnb cprdvbfmcr.

 

>. Dp Dpdr drtu tukg kgnc ncnb nbs s nb pr prdn dnuf uftd tds s y sb sbrv rvgf gfgd gds s fd fdip iplb lbib ibkt ktcr crgd gds? s? fdkv fd kvgb gbkb kb tb tbkb kbrr bk fu fubk bktc tc bl vc vcld ldrr pd pdtb tbkf kfgc gcll nb ld lds s pr prdn dnuf uftd tds s y sb sbrv rvgf gfgd gds s fdiplbibktcrgds y cprdvbfmcr lcs pdsgelbs dpdrtukgncnbs. 2. Dpdrtukgncnbs c ld lcrjd nbl tgbipd? bk tgbipd?  bk bstb fcsd sb trctcréc nb cnblcktcrsb d nb prbnbfgr lds pdsgelbs fciegds bk lds `cftdrbs nbl bktdrkd (t (tck cktd td jb jbkb kbrc rcll fd fdid id fd fdip ipbt btgt gtgv gvd) d) qu qub b pu pung ngbr brck ck c` c`bf bftc tcrr cl flgb flgbkt ktb b d c ld lds s fdksuigndrbs, nb ickbrc qub lc biprbsc pubnc d`rbfbr c bstds sus prdnuftds y sbrvgfgds bk fdkngfgdkbs iãs `cvdrcelbs y sctgs`cftdrgcs.