Estrada Rss-Verde HJK

 

OFKWNRFB BG MLEGLMGTÉF ] FTVWMRGKRWTF G[KWGNF STJOG[MJLFN BG MLEGLMGTÉF KM_MN

FLÆNM[M[ KJISFTFRM_J BGN BM[GÖJ G[RTWKRWTFN KJL NF FSNMKFKMÛL BGN [JORUFTG GRFD[ TG[SGKRJ FN IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN BG WL GBMOMKMJ BG KMLKJ SM[J[ KJL [GIM[ÛRFLJ WDMKFBJ GL GN BM[RTMRJ BG [FL IFTRÉL BG SJTTG[  ‛ NMIF

STG[GLRFBF SJT G[RTFBF TG]G[, [JOMF [JNFLEG _GTBG @WFIÆL, H@J[GS AG_ML

F[G[JT GTLG[RJ FLRJLMJ _MNNFT EFNNFTBJ HWFL IFLWGN JDNMRF[ [FLRF IFTMF

RG[M[ SFTF JSRFT GN RÉRWNJ STJOG[MJLFN BG MLEGLMGTJ KM_MN NMIF ‛ SGTØ

4343

 

KK D]-LK-LB Tgkjljkmimgltj ‛ Lj kjigrkmfn ‛ [ml jdrf bgrmvfbf Gn futjr sûnj pgrimtg qug sg pugbf bgskfrefr gstf jdrf y kjipfrtmrnf kjl jtrfs pgrsjlfs, smgiprg qug sg rgkjljzkf su futjréf, pgrj lj sg pugbg kfidmfr bg lmleulf iflgrf lm sg pugbg utmnmzfr kjigrkmfnigltg. `ttp8//krgftmvgkjiijls.jre/nmkglsgs/dy-lk-lb/2.3/

 

G[KWGNF STJOG[MJLFN BG MLEGLMGTÉF KM_MN FLÆNM[M[ KJISFTFRM_J BGN BM[GÖJ G[RTWKRWTFN KJL NF FSNMKFKMÛL BGN [JORUFTG GRFD[ TG[SGKRJ FN IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN BG WL GBMOMKMJ BG KMLKJ SM[J[ KJL [GIM[ÛRFLJ WDMKFBJ GL GN BM[RTMRJ BG [FL IFTRÉL BG SJTTG[ ‛ NMIF RG[M[ SFTF JSRFT GN RÉRWNJ STJOG[MJLFN BG MLEGLMGTJ KM_MN

STG[GLRFBJ SJT8 G[RTFBF TG]G[, [JOMF [JNFLEG _GTBG @WFIÆL, H@J[GS AG_ML

NMIF ‛ SGTØ 4343

 

mm

Bgbmkftjrmf Gstf tgsms gs erfkmfs f BMJ[, pjr glkfimlfrig `fstf nngefr fqué. F tjbf im ofimnmf gl gspgkmfn f ims pfbrgs Hjsí y Bfnmlbf qumglgs ig bmgrjl vmbf, gbukfkmûl y fijr. Erf Erfkmfs kmfs pjr su trfdfhj y sfkrmomkmj. F im `griflj Kfrnjs Frturj gn kufn, `fkg qug yj ighjrg pfrf sgr su ghgipnj f sgeumr. F ims erflbgs fimejs bg nf ulmvgrsmbfb y nf fimstfb qug ojrig f`é. F tjbjs gnnjs sg njs ferfbgzkj bgsbg gn ojlbj bg im kjrfzûl.

Gstrfbf Tgygs, [jomf [jnfleg

 

Bgbmkftjrmf Gl prmigrf mlstflkmf f Bmjs pjr bfrig sfnub, kumbfrig y eumfrig. eumfrig. F ims pfbrgs Hj Hjsí sí y Knfubmf, yf qug gstuvmgrjl gl tjbj ijigltj f im nfbj, fpjyælbjig

fltg

ku kufnqumgr fnqumgr

fbvgrsmbfb,

 drmlbælbjig su fijr y glsgöælbj glsgöælbjig ig f kuipnmr ims sugöjs sml pgrbgr nf `uimnbfb. F im `griflf Amidgrny, fdugnmtjs y téf Gstgnmtf qug gstuvmgrjl smgiprg bflbj ælmijs pfrf lj bfrig pjr vglkmbj fltg kufnqumgr kmrkulstflkmf bg nf vmbf. _grbg @ufifl, H`jsgp Agvml

 

Ferfbgkmimgltj Ferfbgkgijs f Bmjs pjr dglbgkmr lugstrf vmbf, pjr  `fdgrljs eumfbj gl gn sglbgrj kjrrgktj, sgr nf ojrtfngzf g mlspmrfkmûl gl fqugnnjs mlstfltgs bg bgdmnmbfb y kjlousmûl. F lugstrjs prjogsjrgs bg tjbf lugstrf vmbf ulmvgrsmtfrmf gl nf Wlmvgrsmbfb Wlmvgrsmbfb [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, pjr `fdgrljs drmlbfbj sus kjljkmimgltjs y gxpgrmglkmfs f nj nfrej bg lugstrf prgpfrfkmûl bg  prgerfbj. Erfkmfs f lugstrjs bjkgltgs bg tfnngr bg tgsms, Mle. Ie. Grlgstj Fltjlmj _mnnfr Efnnfrbj y Mle. Ie. Hufl Iflugn Jdnmtfs [fltf Ifréf pjr su tmgipj, kjlsghjs, ijtmvfkmûl y kjlomflzf.

 

Élbmkg Sæe.

Mltrjbukkmûl..........................................................................................................xvm KFSÉRWNJ M SNFLRGFIMGLRJ BGN S STJDNGIF...............................................6 TJDNGIF...............................................6 6.6.   Bgskrmpkmûl bg nf rgfnmbfb prjdngiætmkf......................................................6 6.4.   Ojriunfkmûl bgn prjdngif............................................................. prjdngif....................................................................... .............. ....7 7 6.4.6.   Srjdngif eglgrfn.......................................................... eglgrfn................................................................... ............... ......? ? 6.4.4.   Srjdngifs gspgkéomkjs................................................. gspgkéomkjs.......................................................... ................ .......? ? 6.;.   Jdhgtmvjs......................................................................................................5 6.;.6.   Jdhgtmvj eglgrfn....................................................... eglgrfn................................................................ ................... ...........5 .5 6.;.4.   Jdhgtmvjs gspgkéomkjs....................................................................5 6.2.   Hustmomkfkmûl g mipjrtflkmf...........................................................................5 6.7.   Bgnmimtfkmûl..................................................................................................= 6.?.   Nmimtfkmjlgs...............................................................................................63 6.5.   _mfdmnmbfb...................................................................................................64 6.5.6.   _mfdmnmbfb tíklmkf........................................................................64 6.5.4.   _mfdmnmbfb gkjlûimkf............................................... gkjlûimkf........................................................ .................. ......... 64 6.5.;.   _mfdmnmbfb sjkmfn.......................................................................... sjkmfn..........................................................................64 64 6.0.   Mipfktj pjtglkmfn bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl........................................................64 6.0.6.   Mipfktj tgûrmkj...........................................................................6; tgûrmkj....................................................................... ....6; 6.0.4.   Mipfktj præktmkj......................................................................... præktmkj................................................................ ......... 6;

KFSÉRWNJ MM IFTKJ RGÛTMKJ...........................................................................62 4.6.   Fltgkgbgltgs.............................................................................................62 4.6.6.   Mltgrlfkmjlfngs...........................................................................62 4.6.4.   Lfkmjlfngs..................................................................................60 4.4.   Dfsgs tgûrmkfs................................................................................... tgûrmkfs.......................................................................... ................. ........ 46 4.4.6.   Kjlkgptjs bg nf Mleglmgréf Gstrukturfn..................................... Gstrukturfn......................................46 .46 4.4.4.   Ljrifs tíklmkfs.........................................................................4; 4.4.;.   [jotwfrg Gtfds............................................................... Gtfds........................................................................ ............42 ...42 4.4.2.   Gngigltjs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn..................................... gstrukturfn.............................................. ..........4? .4? 4.4.7.   Gstrukturfkmûl.............................................................................45 4.4.?.   Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj.................................................................;3 4.4.5.   Kfrefs, Ougrzfs y Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg Kfrefs............ Kfrefs...................... .............. ....;; ;; 4.4.0.   _unlgrfdmnmbfb [ésimkf............................................................... [ésimkf...............................................................;5 ;5 4.4.=.   Bmsgöj Gstrukturfn............................................................ Gstrukturfn...................................................................... .......... 24

 

4.4.63.   Igtrfbjs.....................................................................................7? 4.;.   Bgomlmkmûl bg tírimljs dæsmkjs..................................................................75 dæsmkjs.................................................................. 75 4.2.   @mpûtgsms....................................................................................................7= 4.2.6.   @mpûtgsms eglgrfn........................................................................7= 4.2.4.   @mpûtgsms gspgkéomkfs..................................................................7=

KFSÉRWNJ MMM IGRJBJNJEÉF.............................................................................?3 ;.6.   Bmsgöj........................................................................................................?3 ;.6.6.   Rmpj bg Mlvgstmefkmûl.......................................................... Mlvgstmefkmûl................................................ ................. ....... ?3 ;.6.4.   Lmvgn bg Mlvgstmefkmûl........................................................ Mlvgstmefkmûl............................................... ................. ........ ?3 ;.6.;.   Bmsgöj bg Mlvgstmefkmûl............................................................. Mlvgstmefkmûl.................................................... ......... ?6 ;.4.   Iugstrf......................................................................................................?6 ;.4.6.   Sjdnfkmûl....................................................................................?6 ;.4.4.   Iugstrf.......................................................................................?6 ;.4.;.   Bgskrmpkmûl bgn kfsj bg gstubmj............................ gstubmj..................................... ................... ...........?6 .?6 ;.;.   Mlstruigltjs..............................................................................................?0 ;.;.6.   Ríklmkf.......................................................................................?0 ;.;.4.   Mlstruigltjs pfrf nf rgkjngkkmûl.............................................. rgkjngkkmûl..................................... ..........?0 .?0 ;.;.;.   Mlstruigltjs bg Srjkgsfimgltj.............................. Srjkgsfimgltj....................................... .................. ......... ?= ;.2.   Srjkgbmimgltj............................................................................................?= ;.2.6.   Snfl bg trfdfhj y fspgktjs ítmkjs.......................... ítmkjs................................... ................... ...........?= .?= ;.2.4.   Tgkjngkkmûl y prjkgsfimgltj bg mlojrifkmûl........... mlojrifkmûl..................... .............. ......53 ..53 ;.2.;.   Bgsfrrjnnj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl.................................................. mlvgstmefkmûl........................................ ............53 ..53 ;.2.2.   Kjipfrfkmûl y bmskusmûl bg rgsuntfbjs.................... rgsuntfbjs.............................. ................ ......56 56 ;.7.   _frmfdngs....................................................................................................56 ;.7.6.   _frmfdng Bgpglbmgltg.................................................................56 Bgpglbmgltg................................................................. 56 ;.7.4.   _frmfdngs mlbgpglbmgltgs...........................................................56 mlbgpglbmgltgs.......................................................... .56 ;.7.;.   Jpgrfkmjlfnmzfkmûl bg vfrmfdngs.................................. vfrmfdngs............................................ .............. ....54 54

KFSÉRWNJ M_ BG[FTTJNNJ ] FSNMKFKMÛL................................................... FSNMKFKMÛL.............................................. .....5; 5; 2.6.   Eglgrfnmbfbgs............................................................................................5; 2.6.6.   Wdmkfkmûl....................................................................................5; 2.6.4.   Kjlbmkmjlgs eglgrfngs............................................................... eglgrfngs...............................................................52 52 2.6.;.   Iftgrmfngs...................................................................................50 2.6.2.

Kjlbmkmjlgs pfrf gn Flænmsms [ésimkj................ [ésimkj.................................................. .................................. 5=

2.4.   Bmsgöj kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds.......................................................... Gtfds.................................................................... .......... 04 2.4.6.   Gstrukturfkmûl y prgbmiglkmjlfimgl prgbmiglkmjlfimgltj............................. tj...................................... .........04 04 2.4.4.   Ijbgnfimgltj bg Gbmomkmj........................................................ Gbmomkmj............................................... ............0; ...0;

 

2.4.;.   Kfsjs bg Kfrefs y Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg bmsgöj...................... bmsgöj..........................=; ....=; 2.4.2.   Fsmelfkmûl y bmstrmdukmûl bg Kfrefs................................... Kfrefs.......................................... .......== == 2.4.7.   Flænmsms [ésimkj....................................................... [ésimkj................................................................ ................ .......633 633 2.4.?.   Bmsgöj bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs............................ gstrukturfngs.................................... ........63? 63? 2.;.   Bmsgöj kjl gn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn......................................................... Rrfbmkmjlfn................................................ ...........664 ..664 2.;.6.   Gstrukturfkmûl y prgbmiglkmjlfimgl prgbmiglkmjlfimgltj............................ tj.................................... ........664 664 2.;.4.   Igtrfbj bg Kfrefs...................................................................646 2.;.;.

Bmsgöj bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs........................................... gstrukturfngs............................................... .... 64?

2.;.2.   Flænmsms sésimkj..................................................................... sésimkj........................................................................6?6 ...6?6

KFSÉRWNJ _ TG[WNRFBJ[..............................................................................6?? 7.6.

Tgsuntfbjs kjl gn [jotwfrg Gtfds............................................. Gtfds....................................................................... .......................... 6??

7.4.

Tgsuntfbjs kjl gn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn.......................... Rrfbmkmjlfn................................................ ...................................... ................6?=

KFSÉRWNJ _M BM[KW[MÛL BG TG[WNRFBJ[..................................................65; ?.6.   Bmskusmûl bg `mpûtgsms.......................................................................... `mpûtgsms.............................................................................65; ...65; ?.4.   Bmskusmûl Fltgkgbgltgs.......................................................................... Fltgkgbgltgs.................................................................. ........657 657 ?.4.6.   Kjltrfstfkmûl kjl fltgkgbgltgs Mltgrlfkmjlfngs.................... Mltgrlfkmjlfngs....................657 657 ?.4.4.   Kjltrfstfkmûl kjl fltgkgbgltgs Lfkmjlfngs...........................65?

KJLKNW[MJLG[.................................................................................................650 TGKJIGLBFKMJLG[.........................................................................................603

 

Élbmkg bg tfdnfs Sæe. Rfdnf 6. Srjygkkmûl Flufn bg nf Sjdnfkmûl gl gn Sgrø.................................................. Sgrø.......................................................... ........66 Rfdnf 4. Xjlmomkfkmûl Tgsmbglkmfn Tgsmbglkmfn bg Ærgf bg Rrftfimgltj Ljriftmvj M.................. M.............................. ............== Rfdnf ;. Kfrfktgréstmkfs bg njs tmpjs bg zjlf sésimkfs bg Nmif y Kfnnfj.............................63 Kfnnfj.............................63 Rfdnf 2. Krmtgrmjs Sræktmkjs bg _mefs......................... _mefs............................................... ..........................................................40 ....................................40 Rfdnf 7. Krmtgrmjs bg Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj.... Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj.......................... ............................................ ........................................ .........................40 .......40 Rfdnf ?. Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs gl ulf bmrgkkmûl........................ bmrgkkmûl.............................................. ...............................................;3 .........................;3 Rfdnf 5. Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs................................................................. bmrgkkmjlgs...................................................................;3 ..;3 Rfdnf 0. Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs fnmegrfbfs.... fnmegrfbfs.......................... ............................................ ............................................ .................................;3 ...........;3 Rfdnf =. Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs Ifkmzfs.... Ifkmzfs.......................... ............................................ ............................................ ....................................;6 ..............;6 Rfdnf 63. Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs ifkmzfs......................... ifkmzfs............................................... ......................................................... ...................................;6 ;6 Rfdnf 66. Sgsjs Wlmtfrmjs bg iftgrmfngs......... iftgrmfngs............................... ............................................ ................................................;2 ..........................;2 Rfdnf 64. Kfrefs vmvfs iélmifs rgpfrtmbfs............................................. rgpfrtmbfs..........................................................................;7 .............................;7 Rfdnf 6;. Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg bmsgöj........... bmsgöj................................. ............................................ ....................................................;5 ..............................;5 Rfdnf 62. Ofktjr bg Xjlf.......... Xjlf................................ ............................................ ............................................ ................................................;0 ..........................;0 Rfdnf 67. Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl pfrf Sgromn Rmpj [6............................................. [6...........................................................23 ..............23 Rfdnf 6?. Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl pfrf Sgromn Rmpj [4............................................. [4...........................................................23 ..............23 Rfdnf 65. Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl pfrf Sgromn Rmpj [;............................................. [;...........................................................26 ..............26 Rfdnf 60. Ofktjr bgn [ugnj............ [ugnj.................................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................26 ......................26 Rfdnf 6=. Sgrmjbjs bg Sgromn bg [ugnj......................................... [ugnj................................................................................ .........................................24 ..24 Rfdnf 43. Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf....................... [ésimkf............................................. .................................................. ............................24 24 Rfdnf 46. Ofktjrgs bg rgbukkmûl bg rgsmstglkmf.............. rgsmstglkmf.................................... ...................................................... ................................2; 2; Rfdnf 44. [gkkmjlgs bg _frmnnfs bg Fkgrj................................................. Fkgrj............................................................................2; ...........................2; Rfdnf 4;. Kufltéf bg ulf njsf sgeøl gn rgougrzj................................ rgougrzj..................................................................2? ..................................2? Rfdnf 42. Bmæigtrj bg vfrmnnfs pfrf gstrmdjs bg _mef..................................................... _mef..........................................................73 .....73 Rfdnf 47. Bmæigtrj bg vfrmnnfs pfrf gstrmdjs bg kjnuilf................................................. kjnuilf....................................................77 ...77 Rfdnf 4?. _frmfdng Bgpglbmgltg........................ Bgpglbmgltg.............................................. ............................................ .............................................56 .......................56 Rfdnf 45. _frmfdngs Mlbgpglbmgltgs................................. Mlbgpglbmgltgs....................................................... .......................................... .............................. ..........54 54 Rfdnf 40. Jpgrfkmûl bg _frmfdngs........................... _frmfdngs................................................. .............................................................54 .......................................54 Rfdnf 4=. Igtrfbj bg Rfdmqugréf..... Rfdmqugréf........................... ............................................ .............................................................. ........................................57 57 Rfdnf ;3. Sgsjs Wlmtfrmjs bg Nfbrmnnjs........... Nfbrmnnjs................................. ............................................ ................................................5? ..........................5? Rfdnf ;6. Ofktjr bgn [ugnj pfrf gn Srjygktj....................... Srjygktj............................................. ..................................................5= ............................5= Rfdnf ;4. Sgrmjbjs bg Sgromn bg [ugnj pfrf gn Srjygktj.................................................. Srjygktj.......................................................03 .....03

 

Rfdnf ;;. Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf pfrf gn prjygktj...................................... prjygktj..............................................03 ........03 Rfdnf ;2. Kftgejréf bg nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs y ofktjr W pfrf gn prjygktj..................................06 Rfdnf ;7. [mstgif Gstrukturfn bgn Srjygktj................................................. Srjygktj..........................................................................04 .........................04 Rfdnf ;?. Ofktjr bg Tgbukkmûl pfrf gn ijbgnj........... ijbgnj................................. .........................................................05 ...................................05 Rfdnf ;5 Ijbjs y Sgrmjbjs bg nf gbmomkfkmûl................. gbmomkfkmûl....................................... .......................................... .............................633 .........633 Rfdnf ;0. Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn bgn gbmomkmj gl nf bmrgkkmûl P.........................634 Rfdnf ;=. Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn bgn gbmomkmj gl nf bmrgkkmûl ].........................63; Rfdnf 23. Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl P............................................................... P...............................................................632 632 Rfdnf 26. Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl ]............................................................... ]...............................................................632 632 Rfdnf 24. Bgspnfzfimgltjs Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (P-P)...................................637 (P-P)............................ .......637 Rfdnf 2;. Bgspnfzfimgltjs Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (]-])...................................637 (]-])............................ .......637 Rfdnf 22. Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj bg _mefs Sgrfntfbfs................................................... Sgrfntfbfs........................................................660 .....660 Rfdnf 27. Sgsj Srjpmj bg nf Njsf sgeøl su gspgsjr............. gspgsjr........................................................... ..............................................644 644 Rfdnf 2?. Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Njsf Fnmegrfbf.................. Fnmegrfbf........................................ ...............................................644 .........................644 Rfdnf 25. Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Njsf Ifkmzf................... Ifkmzf......................................... ............................................ ............................64; ......64; Rfdnf 20. Kfref Wntmif bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf........ Fnmegrfbf.............................. ............................................ .................................... ................64? ..64? Rfdnf 2=. Kfref Wntmif bg nf Njsf Ifkmzf........ Ifkmzf.............................. ............................................ ..........................................6;0 ....................6;0 Rfdnf 73. Kfref Wntmif bg Bgskflsj....................................... Bgskflsj............................................................. ........................................ ....................62; ..62; Rfdnf 76. Kfref Wntmif bg Gskfngrf................................................. Gskfngrf....................................................................... ..................................62; ............62; Rfdnf 74. Igtrfbj Wntmij Srmigr Smsj.............. Smsj.................................... ................................................................ ..........................................620 620 Rfdnf 7;. Igtrfbj Wntmij Kufrtj Smsj................................. Smsj....................................................... ..................................... .......................67; ........67; Rfdnf 72. Sgsj bgn Lmvgn kjl Ifyjr Kfref bgn Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn..................................6?4 Rfdnf 77. Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn gl nf bmrgkkmûl P bgn I.R..............................6?; Rfdnf 7?. Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn gl nf bmrgkkmûl ] bgn I.R..............................6?; Rfdnf 75. Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl P bgn I.R........................................... I.R.................................................6?2 ......6?2 Rfdnf 70. Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl ] bgn I.R........................................... I.R.................................................6?2 ......6?2 Rfdnf 7=. Bgspnfzfimgltjs Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (P-P) I.R........................... I.R........... ................6?7 6?7 Rfdnf ?3. Bgspnfzfimgltjs Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (]-]) I.R........................... I.R........... ................6?7 6?7 Rfdnf ?6. Tgsuntfbj bg Sgsj kjl Gtfds....................... Gtfds............................................. .......................................................6?5 .................................6?5 Rfdnf ?4. Igtrfbj bg _mef bgn Gtfds........................................... Gtfds................................................................. ...................................... ................6?0 6?0 Rfdnf ?;. igtrfbj bg Kjnuilf bgn Gtfds........... Gtfds................................. ............................................ ..........................................6?0 ....................6?0 Rfdnf ?2. Igtrfbj bg Njsf bgn Gtfds.......... Gtfds................................ ............................................ .................................................6?= ...........................6?= Rfdnf ?7. Tgsuntfbj bg Sgsj kjl gn Igtjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn................................. Rrfbmkmjlfn.................................................. ..................653 .653 Rfdnf ??. Igtrfbj bg _mef bg Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn.............. Rrfbmkmjlfn.................................... ............................................ .......................656 .656

 

Rfdnf ?5. Igtrfbj bg Kjnuilf bg Igtûbj Rrfbmkmjlfn....................................................656 Rrfbmkmjlfn....................................................656 Rfdnf ?0. Igtrfbj bg Njsf bg Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn................. Rrfbmkmjlfn....................................... ........................................ ....................654 ..654 Rfdnf ?=. Kjipfrfkmûl bg Igtrfbjs........ Igtrfbjs.............................. ......................................................................... ...................................................652 652

 

Élbmkg bg omeurfs Sæe. Omeurf 6. Ijvmimgltj gl gn sgktjr mlijdmnmfrmj mlijdmnmfrmj - 436=.......................... 436=.............................................. ............................... ...........44 Omeurf 4. Jpjrtulmbfbg Jpjrtulmbfbgss bg Bgsfrrjnnj Srjogsmjlfn.............. Srjogsmjlfn.................................... ................................................. ...........................22 Omeurf ;. @mstjerfif bg usj bg sjotwfrg gstrukturfngs........ gstrukturfngs.............................. ..................................................7 ............................7 Omeurf 2. Bmferfif bg Ms`mafwf....... Ms`mafwf............................. ............................................ ............................................ ..........................................? ....................? Omeurf 7. Ifpf bg imkrjzjlmomkfkmûl sésimkf bg Nmif fktufnmzfbj fn 4360.......................66 4360....................... 66 Omeurf ?. Mltgrofz bg Gtfds v60.4.......... v60.4................................ ............................................ ............................................... ................................... ..........47 47 Omeurf 5. Ifpf bg Xjlfs [ésimkfs..................... [ésimkfs........................................... ............................................ ............................................;0 ......................;0 Omeurf 0. Kjlkgptufnmz Kjlkgptufnmzfkmûl fkmûl bg njsf............... njsf..................................... ............................................ ............................................. ..........................22 ...22 Omeurf =. _meugtf tmpj R..................................... R........................................................... ............................................ ..................................... ......................22 .......22 Omeurf 63. [gkkmûl bg _mef.................................. _mef........................................................ ................................................................ ..........................................20 20 Omeurf 66. Bmferfif bg Mltgrfkkmûl...... Mltgrfkkmûl............................ ............................................ .........................................................76 ...................................76 Omeurf 64. Ougrzf kjrtfltg bg bmsgöj bg kjnuilf.................................... kjnuilf................................................................72 ............................72 Omeurf 6;. Ojriftj pfr f Igtrfbj bg Fkgrj......................... Fkgrj............................................... ...............................................75 .........................75 Omeurf 62. Snflj bg Gngvfkmûl Orjltfn................ Orjltfn...................................... ............................................ ....................................... .....................?; ....?; Omeurf 67. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bgn [gimsûtflj...... [gimsûtflj............................ ..........................................................?2 ....................................?2 Omeurf 6?. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bgn Srmigr Smsj............................ Smsj................................................................?7 ....................................?7 Omeurf 65. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bgn Smsj tépmkj (4³ fn 7³ pmsj)..........................................?? Omeurf 60. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bg nf Fzjtgf............................... Fzjtgf...................................................... ......................................?5 ...............?5 Omeurf 6=. [trggt vmgw bg nf Wdmkfkmûl bgn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn...........................5; Omeurf 43. Xjlmomkfkmûl bgn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn.......................... Tjlkfn...................................................52 .........................52 Omeurf 46. Igtrfbj bg Rfdmqugréf..... Rfdmqugréf........................... ............................................ ............................................ .......................................55 .................55 Omeurf 44. Snfljs Frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn..................................0; Tjlkfn..................................0; Omeurf 4;. Ermnnfs sjdrg Snflj Frqumtgktûlmkj bgn Gbmomkmj.................... Gbmomkmj................................................. .............................02 02 Omeurf 42. _gltflf bg Gbmt Ermb [ystgi Bftf...................... Bftf............................................ ............................................. .........................07 ..07 Omeurf 47. _gltflf bg Gbmt [tjry Bftf........... Bftf................................. ............................................ ............................................. ..........................07 ...07 Omeurf 4?. _gltflf bg Iftgrmfn Srjpgrty Bftf kjlkrgtj (o²k 463ae/ki4)...........................0? Omeurf 45. _gltflf bg Iûbunj bg Gnfstmkmbfb G..................... G........................................... .............................................05 .......................05 Omeurf 40. _gltflf bg Ofktjr bg Tgbukkmûl..... Tgbukkmûl........................... ................................................................... .............................................00 00 Omeurf 4=. _gltflf bg Orfig Srjpgrtmgs8 [gkkmjlgs bg _mefs y Kjnuilfs........ Kjnuilfs.........................0= .................0= Omeurf ;3. _gltflf bg Orfig [gktmjl Srjpgrty Tgmlojrkgiglt Bftf.................................. Bftf..................................=3 =3 Omeurf ;6. Bmduhj ;B bgn Srjygktj............... Srjygktj..................................... ...................................................................... .................................................=6 .=6 Omeurf ;4. Bmduhj 4B Snfltf bgn Srjygktj........................................ Srjygktj............................................................... ................................... ............=4 =4

 

Omeurf ;;. _gltflf bg Bgomlg Bmfp`rfei............................ Bmfp`rfei.................................................. ............................................ ..........................=4 ....=4 Omeurf ;2. _gltflf bg Fsmelfkmûl bg Bmforfeifs...................... Bmforfeifs............................................ .........................................=; ...................=; Omeurf ;7. _gltflf bg Bgomlg Njfb Sfttgris.............. Sfttgris.................................... ................................................... ..................................=2 .....=2 Omeurf ;?. _glflf bg [gmsimk [gmsimk Njfb Sfttgrl - Wsgr Bgomlgb.................................. Bgomlgb............................................... .............=7 =7 Omeurf ;5. Gspgktrj [msimkj............. [msimkj................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................................=7 ..................=7 Omeurf ;0.Bgomlmkmûl bg nf oulkmûl bgn gspgktrj sésimkj.....................................................=? sésimkj.....................................................=? Omeurf ;=. _gltflf bg Njfb Kfsgs................... Kfsgs......................................... ............................................ ..............................................=5 ........................=5 Omeurf 23. _gltflf bg Njfb Kjidmlftmjl Bftf................................................ Bftf...................................................................=5 ...................=5 Omeurf 26. _gltflf bg Ifss [jurkg Bftf............... Bftf..................................... ............................................................. .......................................=0 =0 Omeurf 24. _gltflf bg Tgstrmkkmjlgs. Tgstrmkkmjlgs....................... ............................................ ............................................ .......................................== .................== Omeurf 2;. Fsmelfkmûl bg Kfref Iugrtf.............................................................................. Iugrtf..............................................................................== == Omeurf 22. Fsmelfkmûl bg Kfref _mvf......................................... _mvf................................................................................ .......................................633 633 Omeurf 27,. Bgojrifkmûl bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj fn ijbj 6............................................. 6..............................................636 .636 Omeurf 2?. Bgojrifkmûl bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj fn ijbj 4............................................... 4...............................................636 636 Omeurf 25. Bgojrifkmûl bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj fn ijbj ;............................................... ;...............................................634 634 Omeurf 20. Kænkunj bg kjrtfltg sésimkj......... sésimkj............................... ............................................ ............................................ .........................637 ...637 Omeurf 2=. Ghgipnj bg Fkgrj bg _mef gl Gtfds.............................. Gtfds................................................................. ...................................63? 63? Omeurf 73. Ærgfs bg Fkgrj bg _mefs............ _mefs.................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...........................63? .....63? Omeurf 76. Bmferfifs bg ijigltj y bgongxmjlgs bg kfref iugrtf...................................635 iugrtf................................... 635 Omeurf 74. Bmferfifs bg ijigltj y bgongxmjlgs bg kfref vmvf........................................63 vmvf........................................6300 Omeurf 7;. Sjrkgltfhg bg kufltéfs bg nfs vmefs bg ul lmvgn........................................ lmvgn................................................630 ........630 Omeurf 72. Bmferfifs bg mltgrfkkmûl....... mltgrfkkmûl............................. ............................................ ............................................ ...............................63= .........63= Omeurf 77. Bmferfifs bg ijigltj bg nf Kjnuilf....... Kjnuilf............................. .....................................................63= ...............................63= Omeurf 7?. Bgomlmkmûl bg nf sgkkmûl bg nf njsf............... njsf..................................... ............................................ ...............................663 .........663 Omeurf 75. Kfrefs bmstrmdumbfs y ijigltj bg smsij bg Njsf........ Njsf.............................. .................................... ..............663 663 Omeurf 70. bmferfifs y glvjnvgltg bg ijigltjs bg nf Njsf.............................................666 Njsf.............................................666 Omeurf 7=. Tgougrzj bg Ongxmûl......... Ongxmûl............................... ............................................ ............................................ .....................................666 ...............666 Omeurf ?3. Bmferfif Ijigltj Ongktjr y Ougrzf Kjrtfltg................................................ Kjrtfltg................................................664 664 Omeurf ?6. Gstrukturfkmûl f trfvís bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn.......... trfbmkmjlfn................................ .......................................662 .................662 Omeurf ?4. Bmstrmdukmûl bg _mefs Sgrfntfbfs............... Sgrfntfbfs..................................... .......................................................665 .................................665 Omeurf ?;. Ærgf Rrmdutfrmf bg Kjnuilf Ghgipnj................................................. Ghgipnj...............................................................66= ..............66= Omeurf ?2. Gskfngrf tépmkf............................. tépmkf................................................... ............................................ ............................................... ..........................643 .643 Omeurf ?7. Bmstrmdukmûl bg Kfref bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf............................. Fnmegrfbf.....................................................64; ........................64; Omeurf ??. Bmstrmdukmûl bg Kfref bg nf Njsf Ifkmzf............................. Ifkmzf.........................................................64; ............................64;

 

Omeurf ?5. Ærgf Rrmdutfrmf bg nf _mef bg ojrif rgktfleunfr......... rgktfleunfr............................... .....................................642 ...............642 Omeurf ?0. Ærgf Rrmdutfrmf bg nf _mef bg ojrif trfpgzjmbfn....... trfpgzjmbfn.............................................. .......................................642 642 Omeurf ?=. Bmferfif bg Ijigltjs bg nf Njsf Fnmegrf............................................ Fnmegrf..................................................... .........645 645 Omeurf 53. Bmstrmdukmûl bg Fkgrj bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf......................... Fnmegrfbf.....................................................6;? ............................6;? Omeurf 56. Bmstrmdukmjl bgn Fkgrj bg Rgipgrfturf.................. Rgipgrfturf........................................ ..........................................6;5 ....................6;5 Omeurf 54. _mstf bg Snfltf Omlfn bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf....... Fnmegrfbf............................. ................................................6;0 ..........................6;0 Omeurf 5;. _mstf bg Snfltf bg Njsf Ifkmzf................ Ifkmzf...................................... ........................................................62; ..................................62; Omeurf 52. Bmsgöj bg Gskfngrf........ Gskfngrf.............................. ............................................ ............................................ ........................................620 ..................620 Omeurf 57. Bmsgöj bg _mef Srmigr Smsj............... Smsj..................................... ............................................ .........................................67; ...................67; Omeurf 5?. Bmsgöj bg _mef Vumltj Smsj............. Smsj................................... ............................................ ...........................................675 .....................675 Omeurf 55. Bmferfif bg Mltgrfkkmûl bg nf Kjnuilf I.R........................... I.R...................................................670 ........................670 Omeurf 50. Bmsgöj fkgrj Njlemtubmlfn bg kjnuilf...................................................... kjnuilf............................................................670 ......670 Omeurf 5=.[gpfrfkmûl bg gstrmdjs bg kjnuilf...... kjnuilf............................ ............................................ ........................................ ..................6?3 6?3 Omeurf 03. Bgojrifkmûl pjr kfref iugrtf bgn Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn............ Rrfbmkmjlfn....................................6?6 ........................6?6 Omeurf 06. Bgojrifkmûl pjr kfref vmvf bgn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn............... trfbmkmjlfn.......................................... ...........................6?6 6?6 Omeurf 04.Kænkunj bg kjrtfltg sésimkj bgn I.R.......................................................... I.R.................................................................6?7 .......6?7 Omeurf 0;. Flænmsms Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj bgn Gtfds......................... Gtfds............................................................6?? ...................................6?? Omeurf 02. Flænmsms Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj bgn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn..................................... Rrfbmkmjlfn.....................................6?= 6?=

 

Tgsuigl Nfs pnflmomkfkmjlgs bg lugvjs prjygktjs bg gbmomkfkmjlgs eglgrfnigltg sjl bmsgöfbfs kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bg prjerfifs mlojriætmkjs bg mleglmgréf1 pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn gstjs  prjerfifs nmimtfl nf fpnmkfkmûl bg njs kjlkgptjs tgûrmkjs y ljrifs tíklmkfs qug utmnmzf gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn, eglgrflbj fneulfs bgomkmglkmfs gl bmsgöj. Nf mlvgstmefkmûl sg glojkf gl duskfr nf bmogrglkmf igbmfltg ul flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bg bjs iítjbjs iítjbjs pfrf nf ighjr ighjrff gl gn bmsgö bmsgöjj gstruktu gstrukturfn rfn gl gbmomkfkm gbmomkfkmjlgs jlgs,, gs pjr gnnj qug lugstrj jdhgtmvj prmlkmpfn gs gnfdjrfr gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn Gtfds v60.4 rgspgktj fn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif. Nf igtjbjnjeéf gs kufltmtftmvf y bmsgöj trflsvgrsfn, nf iugstrf gs ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj fpnmkflbj gn smstgif imxtj. [g jdtuvj kjij rgsuntfbj, qug gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn prgsgltf ul bmsgöj iæs gxfktj gl rgnfkmûl f nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj rgspgktj f nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds v60.4. gn kufn gs rgprgsgltfbj gl njs igtrfbjs bg nfs pfrtmbfs bg fkgrj. Sjbgijs kjlknumr qug fn rgonghfr  bmk`j flænmsms kjipfrftmvj ljs bmijs kugltf nf mipjrtflkmf bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn, pjr nj tfltj, gstf mlvgstmefkmûl ljs pgrimtmræ fyubfr f njs gstubmfltg g mleglmgrjs kjij ulf euéf pfrf sus outurjs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs.

Sfnfdrfs knfvgs8 Gtfds, Bmsgöj Gstrukturfn, Flænmsms [ésimkj, Igtrfbj bg fkgrj, Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn.

 

Fdstrfkt R`g lgw dumnbmles t`ft frg dgmle kfrrmgb jut, ml t`gmr ifhjrmty frg bgsmelgb dy igfls jo  sjotwfrg, ml ifly jkkfsmjls t`g trfbmtmjlfn igt`jb ml strukturfn bgsmel ms dgmle ojrejttgl flb mt ms `grg w`grg t`ms igt`jb eglgrftgs fl mipjrtflt mipfkt ml t`g bgsmel. Jur rgsgfrk` ojkusgs jl omlbmle t`g bmoogrglkg t`rjue` f kjipfrftmvg flfnysms jo twj igt`jbs ojr miprjvmle stru strukturfn kturfn bgsmel ml dumnbmles, w` w`mk` mk` ms w`y jur ifml jdhgktmvg ms tj bgvgnjp t`g kjipfrftmvg flfnysms jo strukturfn bgsmel wmt` t`g fppnmkftmjl jo Gtfds wmt` rgspgkt tj t`g trfbmtmjlfn igt`jb jo f omvg-stjry dumnbmle wmt` f dfsgiglt njkftgb ml t`g [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs bmstrmkt - Nmif. R`g igt`jbjnjey wg fppny ms wmt` f qufltmtftmvg fpprjfk` flb krjss-sgktmjlfn bgsmel, t`ms rgsgfrk` `fs tfagl fs f sfipng f omvg-stjry dumnbmle ml [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, smlkg ml ijst kjlgs jo Igtrjpjnmtfl Nmif dumnbmles wmt` fl fvgrfeg `gme`t frg ifbg jo omvg onjjrs, fnsj sfmb dumnbmle `fs f dfsgiglt flb pjjn jl t`g tgrrfkg. R`g rgsunts t`ft wg jdtfmlgb rgongkt dy igfls jo t`g igfsurgiglts jo t`g stggn dftk`gs t`ft t`g rgsunt jo t`g strukturfn bgsmel jo t`g trfbmtmjlfn igt`jb ms mlbggb ijrg jptmifn kjipfrgb tj t`g Gtfds sjotwfrg. Ug kfl kjlknubg t`ft t`g kjipfrftmvg flfnysms t`ft wg rgfnmzgb s`jw t`g mipjrtflkg jo t`g trfbmtmjlfn igt`jb ml strukturfn bgsmel, fnijst t`ms rgsgfrk` wmnn fnnjw us tj `gnp stubglts flb glemlggrs nmag f eumbg ojr t`gmr outurg strukturfn bgsmels.

Agy wjrbs8

Gtfds,

trfbmtmjlfn igt`jb.

[trukturfn

Bgsmel,

[gmsimk

Flfnysms,

Vufltmoy

[tggn,

 

Mltrjbukkmûl Gn Sgrø gstæ smtufbj egjeræomkfigltg gl gn flmnnj bg Ougej bgn Sfkmomkj gn kufn gs ulf zjlf iuy prjpglsf fn ijvmimgltj sésimkj. Sjr nj kufn, sg bgdg prgvgr nfs pírbmbfs iftgrmfngs y `uiflfs, gs bgkmr, rgfnmzflbj ul kjrrgktj flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn smsijrrgsmstgltg bg njs prjygktjs bg gbmomkfkmjlgs vglmbgrjs, kjl gn oml bg kuipnmr gn kjipjrtfimgltj y sgeurmbfb gstrukturfn gl kjlojrimbfb f nf ljriftmvf tíklmkf vmegltg gl gn Sgrø, gn kufn gs gn Tgenfigltj Lfkmjlfn bg Gbmomkfkmjlgs (TLG). Sfrf bmk`j flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn sg pugbg rgfnmzfr igbmfltg sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs yf qug `jy gl béf nf fpnmkfkmûl bg njs prjerfifs bg kûiputj sg `f bmvgrsmomkfbj gl bmogrgltgs æidmtjs nfdjrfngs, fuigltflbj nf prjbuktmvmbfb gl nf fbimlmstrfkmûl bg rgkursjs, nj kufn bf ulf ifyjr rfpmbgz y jptmimzfkmûl gl nf rgfnmzfkmûl bg bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg trfdfhjs. Sjr ghgipnj, njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs iæs utmnmzfbjs tglgijs fn Gtfds, Imbfs Egl, [fp 4333, Tjdjt [trukturfn, gltrg jtrjs gl sus bmogrgltgs vgrsmjlgs. [ml gidfrej, nf ifyjr bgiflbf gl gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn sjl pfrf njs  prjygktjs bg gbmomkmjs, gs pjr gnnj qug gxmstgl prjerfifs kjl njs nmlgfimgltjs pfrf su usj gl gstfs gbmomkfkmjlgs gbmomkfkmjlgs.. Gn Gtfds gs ulf bg gnnfs, gn kufn ljs drmlbf nf ofkmnmbfb pfrf ijbgnfr, bmsgöfr y flfnmzfr  ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg iflgrf sglkmnnf y ræpmbf, sml gidfrej, gn usj sgeumbj bg bmk`js  prjerfifs ljs vugnvg pgrsjlfs igkflmzfbfs jnvmbælbjljs jnvmbælbjljs nf mltgrprgtfkmûl y gn jrmegl bg njs rgsuntfbjs. Gl kmgrtjs kfsjs bghfijs bg nfbj nf tgjréf qug gl njs kursjs bg gstrukturfs bg prgerfbj ljs drmlbfl. ] ºpjr quí bfrng mipjrtflkmf f nf tgjréf: Sugs sgeøl gstf mlvgstmefkmûl bgijstrfrgijs bgijstrfrgijs qug gxmstg ulf bmogrglkmf qug fogktf gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn. Gnfdjrfr gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn Gtfds rgspgktj fn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgi sgimsûtflj msûtflj sgræ nf sjnukmûl pfrf glkjltrfr nfs bmogrglkmfs, pfrf drmlbfr kjij iftgrmfn bg fpjyj f mleglmgrjs kmvmngs y gstubmfltgs bg nf kfrrgrf, yf qug flfnmzfrgijs nf mlonuglkmf bg nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn  prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj  prgbmiglsmjlfi mgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref, mbgltmomkfrgijs njs kfidmjs bg nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn fn kjipfrfr gn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj, pjr øntmij, kfnkunfrgijs nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj igbmfltg njs igtrfbjs pfrf njs bjs tmpjs bg bmsgöj gstrukturfn.

 

Gn prjkgsj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl sg mlmkmû gl dfsg bg gltrgvmstfs f prjogsmjlfngs bg nf mleglmgréf mleg lmgréf gstru gstrukturf kturfnn kjl iæs bg 67 föjs bg gxpg gxpgrmglk rmglkmf mf glsgöflb glsgöflbjj y nfdj nfdjrflbj rflbj gl gn rudrj gstrukturfn, f pfrtmr bg f`é sg kjrrjdjrj kjl nf mlojrifkmûl jdtglmbf bg nf smtufkmûl fktufn rgspgtj f nf mleglmgréf mleglmgréf gstrukturfn gl gn Sgrø, jdtglmglbj jdtglmglbj fsé gn tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl. [geumbfigltg sg tjiû kjij iugstrf ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, pfrf njerfr rgsuntfbjs ûptmijs, gl bjlbg sg fpnmkû njs bjs iítjbjs gstrukturfngs prjpugstjs pfrf bgtgrimlfr nfs bmogrglkmfs gltrg gnnjs, gn kufn gs gn jdhgtmvj bg nf gnfdjrfkmûl bg ul flænmsms kjipfrftmvj gltrg gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn y gn usj bg ul prjerfif gstrukturfn, gl gstg kfsj bgn [jotwfrg Gtfds. Gstf mlvgstmefkmûl gs mipjrtfltg yf qug ljs drmlbfræ ulf rgbukkmûl bg kjstjs bgdmbj f ulf ighjr bmstrmdukmûl bg fkgrj y kjlkrgtj, gn kufn sg vgræ rgonghfbj gl gn prgsupugstj eglgrfn bg nf kjlstrukkmûl, kjlstrukkmûl, bjlbg dglgomkmf dglgomkmfræ ræ f nf giprgsf kjlstruktjrf j f njs  prjpmgtfrmjs. F su vgz nf kjlstrukkmûl tglbræ ulf ifyjr sgeurmbfb y ulf ighjr  jptmimzfkmûl gl njs iftgrmfngs, f nf vgz sgrvmræ kjij iftgrmfn bg fpjyj gl gn gstubmj bg nf mleglmgréf gstrukturfn j gl nf vmbf nfdjrfn. Nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl gstæ gstrukturfbf bg nf smeumgltg iflgrf8 Gl gn Kfpétunj M sg nngvû f kfdj nf bgskrmpkmûl bg nf prjdngiætmkf kjl nf omlfnmbfb bg nngefrr fn pnfl nngef pnfltgfi tgfimgltj mgltj y ojriu ojriunfkmû nfkmûll bgn prjdngif prjdngif.. Fsé imsij, sg mlknuyû mlknuyû njs jdhgtmvjs jdhgtmvjs qug duskf gstf mlvgstmefkmûl, nf hustmomkfkmûl g mipjrtflkmf bgn tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl bg nf tgsms y nf vmfdmnmbfb g mipfktj pjtglkmfn qug tmglg gstf. Gl gn Kfpétunj MM sg rgonghf njs fltgkgbgltgs dmdnmjeræomkjs (mltgrlfkmjlfngs y lfkmjlfngs), nfs dfsgs tgûrmkfs qug sg utmnmzû gl nf mlvgstmefkmûl, nfs bgomlmkmjlgs bg njs tírimljs tíklmkjs y nfs @mpûtgsms qug bgtgrimlfijs fn kjimglzj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl. Gl gn Kfpétunj MMM sg bgsfrrjnnû gn bmsgöj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl kjlsmbgrflbj gn tmpj y lmvgn bg gstf, f su vgz sg bgtgrimlû nf pjdnfkmûl,  pfrf nugej jdtglgr nf iugstrf. F su vgz sg iglkmjlf njs mlstruigltjs qug utmnmzfijs tfltj gl nf rgkjngkkmûl bg mlojrifkmûl kjij pfrf gn prjkgsfimgltj, gn prjkgbmimgltj qug sg utmnmzû pfrf rgfnmzfr nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl y omlfnigltg sg rgonghf nfs vfrmfdngs qug kjlsmbgrfijs gl gstf mlvgstmefkmûl. Gl gn Kfpétunj M_ sg gxpjlg y gxpnmkf tjbj gn bgsfrrjnnj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl gl bjlbg sg kjimglzf kjl ulfs eglgrfnmbfbgs bgn prjygktj qug tjifijs kjij iugstrf, gn utmnmzfijs pfrf fidjs iítjbjs bg bmsgöjs prjpugstjs, sgeumbfigltg sg prjkgbmû f rgfnmzfr njs bjs tmpjs bg bmsgöj gstrukturfn igbmfltg gn

 

[jotwfrg Gtfds y gn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn. Gl gn Kfpétunj _ sg rgonghf njs rgsuntfbjs qug sg `fl jdtglmbj nugej bg rgfnmzfr gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl gn [jotwfrg Gtfds y kjl gn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn, f su vgz sg rgfnmzû gn igtrfbj bg nfs pfrtmbfs bg fkgrj bg fidjs bmsgöjs pfrf jdtglgr nfs bmogrglkmfs gltrg gstfs y pjbgr kjlknumr kufn bmsgöj gs gn iæs ûptmij kjl ulf igljr kfltmbfb bg fkgrj. Gl gn Kfpétunj _M sg gxpjlg nf bmskusmûl bg rgsuntfbjs, bjlbg kjltrfstfijs njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl kjl njs rgsuntfbjs qug sg `fl jdtglmbj gl njs fltgkgbgltgs tfltj mltgrlfkmjlfngs kjij lfkmjlgs, f su vgz sg rgfnmzû gn kjltrfstg kjlt rfstg bg njs rgsuntfb rgsuntfbjs js rgspgk rgspgktj tj f nfs `mpût `mpûtgsms gsms pnfltgfb pnfltgfbjs. js. Sjr øntmij, sg nngeû f rgfnmzfr nfs kjlknusmjlgs sjdrg gn tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl, sg drmlbf ulfs rgkjiglbfkmjlgs, nfs rgogrglkmfs dmdnmjeræomkfs bg bjlbg `gijs jdtglmbj tjbf nf mlojrifkmûl lgkgsfrmf y omlfnmzf kjl njs flgxjs.

 

6

KFSÉRWNJ M SNFLRGFIMGLRJ BGN STJDNGIF 6.6.. Bgs 6.6 Bgskr krmpk mpkmûl mûl bg nf nf rgfnm rgfnmbfb bfb p prj rjdng dngiæt iætmkf mkf Fktufnigltg gxmstg ulf erfl bgiflbf bg vmvmglbfs u gbmomkfkmjlgs bgdmbj f qug gl njs øntmijs föjs gl gn Sgrø nf pjdnfkmûl `f mlkrgigltfbj ljtfdngigltg y sgeumræ fuigltflbj yf qug sgeøl nf ljtf bg prglsf bgn Mlstmtutj Lfkmjlfn bg Gstfbéstmkf g Mlojriætmkf (MLGM) rgfnmzfbj rgfnm zfbj gn 65 bg glg glgrj rj bgn 4343 4343,, ljs mlojrif qug8 „Nmif `fstf gn föj 4343 kugltf kjl =”?52,577 `fdmtfltgs, gn kufn smelmomkf gn 4=.53% bg njs `fdmtfltgs bgn Sgrø gn kufn gs bg ;4”?47,=20 pgrsjlfs’. Fbgiæs, pjr nf kgngdrfkmûl bgn 6=2 flmvgrsfrmj bgn béf bg nf mlbgpglbglkmf bgn Sgrø, gn mlstmtutj Lfkmjlfn bg Gstfbéstmkf g mlojriætmkf (MLGM) bmj ulf  prjygkkmûl bg nf pjdnfkmûl pfrf gn föj 4346, gn kufn oug rgfnmzfbj gl gn föj 4367 bjlbg mlojrif8 „Gn Sgrø tglbræ ;;”62=,333 `fdmtfltgs, gn kufn Nmif kjlkgltrfræ 63”5?2,333 bg `fdmtfltgs, tglmglbj nf ifyjr kjlkgltrfkmûl bg nf pjdnfkmûl’. Rfdnf 6  Srjygkkmûl Flufn bg nf Sjdnfkmûl Sjdnfkmûl gl gn Sgrø Föj

Sjdnfkmûl (imnnjlgs)

Föj

4364 ;3.6 436= 436; ;3.7 4343 4362 ;3.0 4346 4367 ;6.4 4344 436? ;6.7 434; 4365 ;6.0 4342 4360 ;4.4 4347 Ougltg8 Mlstmtutj Lfkmjlfn bg Gstfbéstmkf g Mlojriætmkf (4367) Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Sjdnfkmûl (imnnjlgs) ;4.7 ;4.0 ;;.6 ;;.7 ;;.0 ;2.6 ;2.2

 

4 F su vgz, sgeøl nf Fsjkmfkmûl bg Giprgsfs Mlijdmnmfrmfs (F[GM) ljs mlbmkû8 „gn föj 436= sg vglbmgrjl 67,333 vmvmglbfs, nj kufn bgiugstrf ulf rgkupgrfkmûl gl gn igrkfbj mlijdmnmfrmf nugej qug gl gn föj 436? sg rgemstrfrf ulj bg njs pgjrgs föjs bg vgltfs mlijdmnmfrmfs rgemstrflbj sjnj 63,044 vmvmglbfs vglbmbfs. Fbgiæs, sg prjygktf vglbgr  60,333 vmvmglbfs gl gn 4343, gn kufn smelmomkf ul fuigltj bg ?% rgspgktj fn föj fltgrmjr’. [ml gidfrej, gn sgktjr mlijdmnmfrmj sg vg fogktfbj gl nf fktufnmbfb pjr nf pflbgimf  prjvjkfbj pjr gn kjvmb -6=, gs pjr gnnjs qug nf F[GM mlojrij8 „Nfs vgltfs bg mliugdngs  pfrf gn usj bg vmvmglbf gl Nmif y Kfnnfj dfhfrfl gltrg 7% y 63% gl gstg 4343, pjr nf  prjdngiætmkf sflmtfrmf sflmtfrmf qug sg gstæ vmvmg vmvmglbj’. lbj’.

_gltfs bg Bgpfrtfigltjs (gl imngs)

436?

4360

FÖJ 436=

4343

4343 (Kjvmb)

63.0

60

67

60

6?.4 - 65.6

 Omeurf 6. Ijvmimgltj gl gn sgktjr mlijdmnmfrmj - 436= Ougltg8 Fpjyj kjlsuntjréf y F[GM Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 Lj jdstfltg, nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs prûxmifs f kjlstrumr bgdgl eglgrfr kjlomflzf, sgeurmbfb y dmglgstfr, kfd kfdgg rgsfntfr qug qug,, Nmif gs ul ulff zjlf vunlgrfdng vunlgrfdng fltg gvgltjs sésimkjs y pjr gnnj nf prjygkkmûl bg gbmomkfkmjlgs eumfbfs pjr ul mleglmgrj kmvmn gspgkmfnmzfbjj gl gstrukturfs gs nf iflgrf iæs kjlomfdng y trflqumnf gspgkmfnmzfb tr flqumnf pfrf pjbgr `fdmtfrnf sml tgijr f qug pugbf suormr bföjs j ofnnfs gstrukturfngs gl kfsj bg fneøl ijvmimgltj tgnørmkj,

 

gn kufn pugbg eglgrfr qug nfs pgrsjlfs pmgrbfl sus vmvmglbfs y qug `fyf pírbmbfs `uiflfs bg ulf iflgrf mligbmftf. mligbmftf. Gs pjr gnnj qug nf Fsjkmfkmûl bg Bgsfrrjnnfbjrgs Bgsfrrjnnfbjrgs Mlijdmnmfrmj bgn Sgrø (FBM SGTØ) mlojrij gl gn föj 436=8 „Nfs ofimnmfs pgruflfs smeugl jptflbj pjr  nf futjkjlstrukkmûl, gstj sg vg rgonghfbj gl qug kfbf föj sg kjlstruygl 73 imn vmvmglbfs mlojrifngs kjl nf ijbfnmbfb bg nf futjkjlstrukkmûl futjkjlstrukkmûl,, y 46 imn vmvmglbfs bg iflgrf ojrifn’. Gl ul gstubmj rgfnmzfbj pjr nf Kæifrf Sgruflf bg nf Kjlstrukkmûl (KFSGKJ) gl gn föj 4360, bjlbg sg mlojriû8 "Gn 53% bg nfs vmvmglbfs kjlstrumbfs gl Nmif sjl mlojrifngs f trfvís bg nf futjkjlstrukkmûl, nj kufn gsf kmorf pjbréf fuigltfr `fstf 03% f lmvgn lfkmjlfn’, fbgiæs gn Kgltrj Sgruflj Hfpjlís bg Mlvgstmefkmjlgs [ésimkfs y Imtmefkmjlgs bg Bgsfstrgs Bgsfstrgs (KM[IMB) mlbmkû8 mlbmkû8 „Nfs kjlstrukkmjlgs kjlstrukkmjlgs gl nfs zjlfs pgrmoírmkfs pgrmoírmkfs bg nfs kmubfbgs pugbg fnkflzfr ul =3% bg mlojrifnmbfb’, nj kufn fltg ul gvgltufn ijvmimgltjs sésimkj bg erfl ifelmtub, ul erfl pjrkgltfhg bg vmvmglbfs kjrrgl gn rmgsej bg qug sg bfögl j bgspnjigl. F su vgz, gl ulf gltrgvmstf kjl gn hgog mlstmtukmjlfn bgn Mlstmtutj Egjoésmkj bgn Sgrø (MES), Rfvgrf (436=) mlbmkû8 „Nfs zjlfs iæs vunlgrfdngs pjr gn tmpj bg sugnj fltg ul gvgltufn smsij sgréfl njs bmstrmtjs bg _mnnf gn [fnvfbjr y _gltflmnnf, imgltrfs nfs iæs vunlgrfdngs sgeøl su kjlstrukkmûl sgréfl njs bmstrmtjs bg Kjifs, [fl Hufl bg Imrfonjrgs, [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs Mlbgpglbglkmf’. Mlbgpglbglkmf’. Sjr jtrj nfbj, gn mleglmgrj gstrukturfn tmglg ul pfpgn mipjrtfltg `jy gl béf gl gn ijigltj bg rgfnmzfr ul flænmsms f ulf gstrukturf bgtgrimlfbf, bgdmbj qug gstg tmglg nf rgspjlsfdmnmbfb oulbfigltfn pfrf qug nf gbmomkfkmûl kuipnf njs  pfræigtrjs lgkgsfrmjs pfrf qug efrfltmkg nf sgeurmbfb g mltgermbfb bg njs kmubfbfljs qug rgsmbgl j `fdmtgl gl bmk`f gstrukturf. [ml gidfrej, sgeøl gn bmfrmj Egstmûl mlbmkû8 „Njs mleglmgrjs kmvmngs pgrufljs kjmlkmbgl gl sgöfnfr qug gn sgktjr bg nfs kfrrgtgrfs gs gn qug iæs jpjrtulmbfbgs prjogsmjlfngs pugbg jorgkgr gl gn pfés, sml gidfrej, tfidmíl njs mleglmgrjs y frqumtgktjs pgrufljs kjlsmbgrf qug gn sgktjr bg gbmomkfkmjlgs jorgkg iuk`fs  pjsmdmnmbfbgs prjogsmjlfngs, prjogsmjlfngs, sgeøl sgeøl Dfrûigtrj bg [tru [trukturfnmf’. kturfnmf’.

 

 Omeurf 4. Jpjrtulmbfbgs bg Bgsfrrjnnj Srjogsmjlfn Ougltg8 Gn Kjigrkmj, Tgkupgrfbj bg Dfrûigtrj bg [trukturfnmf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Gstf fomlfkmûl pjr jtrf gspgkmfnmbfb bg nf kfrrgrf bg mleglmgréf kmvmn pugbg bfrsg pjr  iuk`fs vfrmfdngs, pgrj ulf bg gnnfs y qumzæs nfs iæs mipjrtfltg qug pjbgijs jdsgrvfr gs qug fktufnigltg gxmstg ulf erfl vfrmgbfb bg mlojrifkmûl gl gn æidmtj gstrukturfn, pgrj gn  prjdngif gs qug iuk`js mleglmgrjs kmvmngs lj kugltfl kjl njs kjljkmimgltjs pfrf utmnmzfr, flfnmzfr g mltgrprgtfr bmk`f mlojrifkmûl, pjr ghgipnj, gn usj bg sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs y nf mltgrprgtfkmûl bg nfs ljrifs tíklmkfs pgruflfs. Njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs `fl fuigltfbj y ighjrfbj tjtfnigltg gl njs øntmijs föjs, yf qug tglgijs ulf erfl vfrmgbfb bg sjotwfrgs pfrf bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg prjygktjs kmvmngs qug sg rgfnmzfræ. Wlj bg gstjs sjotwfrgs gs gn Gtfds, gn kufn gs ulj bg njs prjerfifs iæs kjigrkmfngs pfrf gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn bg gbmomkfkmjlgs. Gstf mlojrifkmûl oug vfnmbfbf kjl ulf glkugstf rgfnmzfbf f sgms mleglmgrjs gxpgrtjs gl nf gspgkmfnmbfb bg gstrukturfs bjlbg sg ng prgeultf kufngs sjl njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs qug iæs utmnmzfl gl nf fktufnmbfb, gn kufn 0;.;;% bg njs glkugstfbj rgspjlbmgrjl qug utmnmzfl gn prjerfif Gtfds. F su vgz gstg sjotwfrg gs ulj bg njs iæs usfbjs pjr njs fnuiljs bg prgerfbjs bg nf kfrrgrf bg mleglmgréf kmvmn bgdmbj qug sus vgrsmjlgs vfl ighjrflbj f igbmbf qug pfsgl njs föjs, y gs pjr gnnj qug drmlbf ulf kjlomfdmnmbfb fn gstubmfltg g mleglmgrj kmvmn pfrf rgfnmzfr  sus bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs.

 

7

? 7 2 ; 4 6

2 ; 4

4

3

 Omeurf ;. @mstjerfif bg usj bg sjotwfrg gstrukturfngs Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs ‛ _fnmbfkmûl gxtgrlf

[ml

gidfrej,

fn

usfr

kjlstfltgigltg

njs

sjotwfrgs

gstrukturfngs

ljs

ifnfkjstuidrfijs ifnfkjstuidrfi js y vjnvgijs bgpglbmgltgs bg gnnjs, prjvjkflbj qug iuk`fs vgkgs lj sg mltgrprgtf kjrrgktfigltg njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs, fbgiæs mlkjlskmgltgigltg bghfijs bg nfbj tjbjs njs kjlkgptjs tgûrmkjs fprglbmbjs gl njs kursjs bg gstrukturfs qug glsgöfl gl  prgerfbj, f nj kufn ng pjbgijs bgljimlfr „Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn’. Ljs fkjstuidrfi fkjstuidrfijs js f sjnfigltg kjlomfr gl njs rgsuntfbjs qug ljs drmlbf njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs, sml kjiprjdfrnjs bg jtrf iflgrf, bjlbg sg pjbréf ighjrfr lugstrj bmsgöj gstrukturfn y sgr  jptmimzfbj. Gstg bmsgöj f kjipfrfkmûl bgn usj bgn Gtfds tmglgl ulf erfl bmogrglkmf gl bjlbg sg bgdg kjlsmbgrfr fn ijigltj bg bmsgöfr ul gbmomkmj.

6. 6.4. 4. Oj Ojri riun unfk fkmû mûl l bg bgnn pr prjd jdng ngif if @fdmglbj jdsgrvfbj y flfnmzfbj nf rgfnmbfb bg nf prjdngiætmkf, bjlbg sg pugbg fprgkmfr  qug gl Nmif ljrtg gstæl fuigltflbj nfs kjlstrukkmjlgs bg vmvmglbfs iuntmofimnmfrgs bg igbmflf fnturf bgdmbj fn krgkmimgltj pjdnfkmjlfn, bg nfs kufngs ul pjrkgltfhg kjlsmbgrfdng bg gstfs kjlstrukkmjlgs sjl bmsgöfbfs y rgfnmzfbfs bg iflgrf mlojrifn, eglgrflbj qug fuigltg su vunlgrfdmnmbfb fltg ul gvgltufn ijvmimgltj sésimkj. Kjltrfbmkmglbj qug gl nf fktufnmbfb gxmstgl ulf erfl bmvgrsmbfb bg sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs pfrf nfs bmogrgltgs lgkgsmbfbgss bg prjygktjs kmvmngs, sml gidfrej, iuk`js bg njs mleglmgrjs kmvmngs kjimglzfl lgkgsmbfbg f bgpglbgr bg gstjs sjotwfrgs sml sfdgr flfnmzfrnjs j kjiprglbgr nf prjkgbglkmf bg njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs. Gs pjr gnnj qug sg rgfnmzû ulf glkugstf f sgms gxpgrtjs gl bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg gbmomkfkmjlgs pfrf vfnmbfr nf mlojrifkmûl fbqumrmbf y sfdgr su fprgkmfkmûl sjdrg nf rgnfkmûl gltrg nj tgûrmkj y præktmkj gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn, gxprgsflbj njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbj gl gn bmferfif bg Ms`mafwf.

 

KFW[F

IFLJ BG JDTF

GOGKRJ

IFRGTMF STMIF

IÍRJBJ[

Bgskjljkmimgl tj bg nf •tgjréf Bgomkmgltg gstrukturfnkjljkmimgltj fpnmkflbjltj gn sjotwfrg kjljkmimg y• usj bgGtfds. nf Ljriftmvfs G.343, G.3;3, G3.?3 y G.353. Mlfbgkufbj flænmsms g mltgrprgtfkmûl bg njs bftjs jdtglmbj gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn.

Gskfsj kjljkmimgltj bg nf tgjréf gstrukturfn y bgomkmgltg mltgrprgtfkmûl bg njs rgsuntfbjs bg njs sjotwfrg

Wsj mlkjrrgktj bgn

Kfrglkmf bg krmtgrmjs gstrukturfngs gl nfs• gbmomkfkmjlgs bg igbmflf fnturf gl njs kjljs bg Nmif Igtrjpjnmtflf. sjotwfrg Gtfds. Bgpglbglkmf bg njs sjotwfrg • gstrukturfngs sml fpnmkfr njs krmtgrmjs tgûrmkjs. Gxmstglkmf bg lugvjs [jotwfrgs • pfrf gn flænmsms gstrukturfn pfrf bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg jdrfs kmvmngs.

IFVWMLFTMF

IGBMKMÛL

IGBMJ FIDMGLRG

 Omeurf 2. Bmferfif bg Ms`mafwf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

6. 6.4. 4.6. 6. Sr Srjd jdng ngif if eglg eglgrf rfnn ºKuæn gs gn bmsgöj iæs ûptmij gl gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmû fpnmk fkmûll bgn sjotwfr sjotwfrgg Gtfds rgspgkt rgspgktjj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjl trfbmkmjlfn fn bg ul gbmomkmj gbmomkmj bg kmlkj  pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj sgimsûtflj udmkfb udmkfbjj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif:

6.4.4. 6.4 .4. Sr Srjdn jdngif gifss gspgké gspgkéomk omkjs js ºKûij mlonuyg nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛  Nmif: ºGl quí igbmbf nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn vfréfl fn kjipfrfr gn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs  ‛ Nmif: ºKuæn gs gn gn bmsgöj gs gstrukturfn trukturfn qug pj pjsgg sgg ulf i ifyjr fyjr kfltmbf kfltmbfbb bg kufltéfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj utmnmzflbj nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif:

 

6.;.. Jdhgtm 6.; Jdhgtmvjs vjs Kjl gn flænmsms bg nf prjdngiætmkf prjdngiætmkf sg bgtgrimlfræ gn prjpûs prjpûsmtj mtj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl, mlvgstmefkmûl, nj kufn sg prgsgltfræ gl bjs lmvgngs8

6. 6.;. ;.6. 6. Jd Jdhg hgtmv tmvjj eg eglg lgrf rfnn Gnfdjrfr gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsj pmsjss kjl sgimsûtfl sgimsûtfljj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif.

6.;.4. 6.; .4. Jdh Jdhgtm gtmvj vjss gsp gspgké gkéomk omkjs js Flfnmzfr nf mlonuglkmf bg nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs  ‛ Nmif. Mbgltmomkfr njs kfidmjs bg nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn fn kjipfrfr gn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif. Kfnkunfr nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn utmnmzflbj nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif.

6. 6.2. 2. Hu Hust stmom momkf kfkm kmûl ûl g mipj mipjrt rtfl flkm kmff Gl Nmif igtrjpjnmtflf sg `f ghgkutfbj luigrjsfs kjlstrukkmjlgs bg gbmomkfkmjlgs, bg njs kufngs ul erfl pjrkgltfhg bg gnnjs oug ghgkutfbj gl njs nnfifbjs kjljs bg Nmif sml lmleøl krmtgrmj gstrukturfn j smipngigltg nmimtælbjsg f njs rgsuntfbjs qug drmlbfl njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs, sml sfdgr kûij flfnmzfrnj j kufn oug gn prjkgbmimgltj qug sg nngvû fkfdj pfrf jdtglgr bmk`js rgsuntfbjs, fsmimsij lj sfdgl sm `fy fneulf iflgrf bg jptmimzfr ul bmsgöj gstrukturfn sml pgrbgr nf kfnmbfb, kfnmbfb, nj kufn gs nj qug eglgrf kjlomfl kjlomflzf zf y sgeurmbfb gl kufnqumgr tmpj bg gbmomkfkmûl. Njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs gstubmfbjs bg nf prgsgltg tgsms, ougrjl kjlsmbgrfbjs bgdmbj f qug gn usj bg njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs `jy gl béf gs iuy kjiøl y fkkgsmdng pfrf nf rgfnmzfkmûl bg bmvgrsjs prjygktjs kmvmngs, fsmimsij, gn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn gs fprglbmbj pjr 

 

tjbj fnuilj bg prgerfbj bg nf gskugnf prjogsmjlfn bg mleglmgréf kmvmn gl njs kursjs gstrukturfngs, gs pjr gnnj qug pfrf mbgltmomkfr, flfnmzfr y gvfnufr nfs bmogrglkmfs qug tmglgl kfbf bmsgöj gstrukturfn gl gstubmj, sg `f rgfnmzfbj ul kjipfrftmvj gltrg gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn igbmfltg gn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn. Sjr nj tfltj, gstf mlvgstmefkmûl trftf bg glkjltrfr igbmfltg nf kjipfrfkmûl gltrg gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn y gn bmsgöj kjl sjotwfrg gstrukturfn Gtfds nfs bmogrglkmfs qug pugbfl gxmstmr gltrg sé, pfrf fsé tglgr ul ighjr krmtgrmj gstrukturfn, gn kufn pjbfijs jptmimzfr iftgrmfngs gl nf `jrf bg nf kjlstrukkmûl bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg igbmflf fnturf. Fsmimsij, sg rgfnmzû ulf glkugstf gl bjlbg sg tjifrjl nfs jpmlmjlgs y kjigltfrmjs bg mleglmgrjs kmvmngs gspgkmfnmzfbjs gl nf rfif bg gstrukturfs. Bmk`fs glkugstfs ougrjl flfnmzfbfs y jrbglfbfs jrbglfbfs pjr igbmj bg `mstjerfifs, `mstjerfifs, njs kufngs smrvmgrjl bg dfsg dfsg pfrf gnfdjrfr nf iftrmz bg kjlsmstglkmf bg nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl.

 Omeurf 7. Ifpf bg Hustmomkfkmûl Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

6. 6.7. 7. Bg Bgnm nmim imtf tfkkmû mûl l [g `f tjifbj kjij iugstrf bg gstf mlvgstmefkmûl gn gbmomkmj Tjlkfn, gn kufn gs bg tmpj iuntmofimnmfr y gstf sjdrg ul tgrrglj qug sg glkugltrf gltrg njtgs kjl ojrif rgeunfr, tjpjerfoéf pnflf y gxpjsmkmûl gxtgrmjr. Gn prjygktj gs bg 7 pmsjs bgdmbj f nf zjlmomkfkmûl y  pfræigtrjs urdfléstmkjs bg nf zjlf, kjrrjdjrflbj kjl gn mlkrgigltj bg fnturf gl gbmomkfkmjlgs bg Nmif Ljrtg, sgeøl njs gstubmjs rgfnmzfbjs pjr KFSGKJ, gl bjlbg ljs mlbmkf qug gstæl gstæl gl prjig prjigbmj bmj bg 2 f ? pmsjs. Kfdg mlbmkfr qug gn gn bmstrmtj bjlbg sg glkugltrf nf iugstrf gs [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, gn kufn kugltf kjl bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg zjlmomkfkmûl sgeøl sgf nf zjlf. Fsu Rfdnf 4  Xjlmomkfkmûl Tgsmbglkmfn bg Ærgf bg Rrftfimgltj Ljriftmvj Ljriftmvj M  Xjlf

Tgsmbglkmfn bg Bglsmbfb Igbmf (TBI)

Wsjs pgrimtmbjs IWulnmtomfofiimnmmnfmfrr Iuntmofimnmfr Kjlhultj Tgsmbglkmfn

Njtg iélmij (i4)

Orgltg iélmij

6=433..3333 673.33 033.33

Fnturf iæxmif bg bg gbmomkfkmûl ((p pmsjs)

Ærgf nmdrg iélmif

??..3333 0.33

; - 2; (6) 2 - 7 (6)

;;33% % ;7%

43.33

?

73%

;

;7%

5

23%

0

?3%

(in)

_mvmglbf Rfnng Wlmofimnmfr y 603.33 0.33 (_R) Iuntmofimnmfr  Tgsmbglkmfn bg Iuntmofimnmfr 433.33 63.33 Bglsmbfb Fntf Kjlhultj ;7.33 6,?33.33 (TBF) Tgsmbglkmfn Ougltg8 Snfl bg Bgsfrrjnnj kjlkgrtfbj bgn Bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml I frtml bg Sjrrgs fn 4346

Nfs mlstfnfkmjlgs sflmtfrmfs, mlstfnfkmjlgs gníktrmkfs g mlstfnfkmjlgs bg efs lj sg tjifræl gl kugltf bgdmbj f qug gn flænmsms sgræ ølmkfigltg gstrukturfn, y nf mlstfnfkmûl bg gstjs sgrvmkmjs dæsmkjs sg bgljtf gl gn smstgif kjlstruktmvj, nj kufn lj gs ul ofktjr qug fntgrg gn flænmsms gstrukturfn gl lmleulf bg njs bjs bmsgöjs f gstubmfr. Gs pjr gnnj qug sjnj sg utmnmzû njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn prjygktj pfrf fsé pjbgr mlmkmfr gn bmsgöj bgn gbmomkmj utmnmzflbj nfs bjs prjpugstfs gxpugstfs. Omlfnigltg, pfrf gstf mlvgstmefkmûl sg utmnmzfræ gn sjotwfrg Gtfds v60.4 bgdmbj qug gs ulf bg nfs øntmifs vgrsmjlgs, gn kufn bmspjlg ulf mltgrofz bjlbg gs sglkmnnj ijbgnfr, bmiglsmjlfr, bmsgöfr, flfnmzfr y gspgkmomkfr fn rgfnmzfr njs mlojrigs, fbgiæs gs ulj bg njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs iæs kjigrkmfngs `jy gl béf pfrf gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn bg

 

gbmomkfkmjlgs, pjr nj qug gs fkkgsmdng pfrf tjbjs. Kfdg iglkmjlfr qug nf kmigltfkmûl bgn  prjygktj lj sg bgsfrrjnnû gl nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl bgdmbj qug sg duskf flfnmzfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj sésimkj bg nf gbmomkfkmûl, gn kufn sg vg fogktfbj iæs gl njs pmsjs supgrmjrgs.

6.?. Nmimtfk tfkmjlgs @jy gl béf vmvmijs gl gl ul kjltgxtj bg pflbgimf bgdmbj fn kjrjlfvmrus Kjvmb Kjvmb-6= -6= nj kufn ljs mipmbg sfnmr bg lugstrfs kfsfs y rgfnmzfr lugstrfs nfdjrgs kjl ljrifnmbfb pjr gn gstfbj bg gigreglkmf qug gn ejdmgrlj `f bgknfrfbj, pjr glbg, tjbf nf mlvgstmefkmûl rgfnmzfbf y kjlsuntf f prjogsmjlfngs pfrf nf vfnmbfkmûl gxtgrlf sg `f rgfnmzfbj igbmfltg kjiulmkfkmûl tgngoûlmkf, rgbgs sjkmfngs g mltgrlgt. Sjr jtrj nfbj, gn prjygktj utmnmzfbj pfrf nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl lj kugltf kjl ul gstubmj bg igkælmkf bg sugnj (GI[), gs ²pjr gnnj qug gn bgsfrrjnnj y kænkunj bg nf kmigltfkmûl bg njs bjs smstgifs bg bmsgöj gstrukturfn f gstubmfr sgf kjlsmbgrfbj gn ifpf bg imkrjzjlmomkfkmûl sésimkf bg Nmif Igtrjpjnmtflf fktufnmzfbf 4360, pfrf mbgltmomkfr njs tmpjs bg sugnjs qug `fy gl nf zjlf bjlbg sg glkugltrf smtufbf nf iugstrf bg gstubmj, bflbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug gn gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs sg smtøf gl nfs zjlfs zjlfs sésimkfs bg tmpj bg sugnj M y MM, tglmglbj kfrfktgréstmkfs egjtíklmkfs ofvjrfdngs pfrf nf kmigltfkmûl fn  prgsgltfr lmvgngs dfhj y igbmj bg pgnmerj. Fbgiæs, `gijs utmnmzfbj ul gstubmj gspgkmfnmzfbj rgfnmzfbj bgltrj bgn Snfl bg Tg`fdmnmtfkmûl fltg Gigreglkmfs y Bgsfstrgs 4360 fn 4346 bgn imsij bmstrmtj, gn kufn ljs drmlbf nf mlojrifkmûl bg zjlmomkfkmûl egjtíklmkf ‛ sésimkf bgn bmstrmtj, gl gstg gstubmj sg kjlsmbgrû ulf kmigltfkmûl kjrrmbf bg  prjoulbmbfb bg 3.03 i. kjl ul flk`j bg 3.?3 i. pfrf bgtgrimlfr nf kfref fbimsmdng y nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs bgn sugnj. Rfdnf ; Kfrfktgréstmkfs bg tmpjs bg zjlf sésimkfs bg Nmif y Kfnnfj Xjlf [ésimkfs Xjlf M Xjlf MM Xjlf MMM

Lmvgn bg Sgnmerj Dfhj Igbmj Fntj

Sgrmjbjs bg _mdrfkmûl Lfturfn ([) 3.6 f 3.; 3.; f 3.7 3.7 f 3.5

Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf ([) 6.3 6.4 6.2

Iufltg y Fntgigreglkmfs j 3.5 f < 4360-4346 Xjlf Ougltg8 SnflM_bg rg`fdmnmtfkmûl y bgsfstrgs

6.?

Sgrmjbj Lfturfn bgn sugnj (Rs) 3.2 s 3.7 s 3.= s 6.4 s

 

Gl gstg kfsj bgdmbj f nf udmkfkmûl bg nf gbmomkfkmûl gstubmfbf nf kfpfkmbfb pjrtfltg bg sugnj sug nj ssgræ græ (V) vfré vfréff gltrg gltrg 6.3 y 4.3 4.3 ae/

, f ssuu vg vgzz sg kjlsmb kjlsmbgrû grû qug nf kmig kmigltf ltfkmû kmûll gstæ gstæ

sgltfbf sjdrg ul tgrrglj lfturfn.

 Omeurf ?. Ifpf bg imkrjzjlmomkfkmûl sésimkf bg Nmif fktufnmzfbj fn 4360 Ougltg8 Tgkjpmnfbj bg nf Wlmvgrsmbfb Lfkmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Ofkuntfb bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn Kgltrj Sgruflj Hfpjlís bg mlvgstmefkmjlgs sésimkfs y imtmefkmûl bg bgsfstrgs.

 

6.5. _mfdmnmbfb @gijs bgtgrimlfr nf vmfdmnmbfb bg gstf mlvgstmefkmûl, kjlsmbgrflbj trgs fspgktjs oulbfigltfngs.

6. 6.5. 5.6. 6. _mfd _mfdmn mnmb mbfb fb tík tíklm lmkf kf Kjij dfsgs tgûrmkfs `gijs utmnmzfbj njs kjlkgptjs fprglbmbjs bg njs kursjs gstrukturfngs bg prgerfbj, fbgiæs bg nf ljrif G.3;3 4360 Bmsgöj [msijrgsmstgltg, nf ljrif G.3?3 433= Kjlkrgtj Frifbj, nf ljrif G.343 433? Kfrefs. Fsé imsij utmnmzfijs bmstmltjs sjotwfrgs bg mleglmgréf, tfngs kjij kjij gn FutjKFB 4B, Gtfds v60 v60.4, .4, Imkrjsjot Joomkg1 f su vgz, tfidmíl `gijs gipngfbj gipngfbj nf dfstf mlojrifkmûl jdtglmbf bg nmdrjs g mltgrlgt, rgkjpmnfkmû rgkjpmnfkmûll bg Rgsms, trfdfhjs bg mlvgstmefkmûl y glsfyjs kjl gstubmjs smimnfrgs. Kfdg iglkmjlfr qug kjltfijs kjl njs kjigltfrmjs y fpjrtgs bg prjogsmjlfngs gxpgrtjs gl nf iftgrmf.

6.5.4. 6.5 .4. _mf _mfdmn dmnmbf mbfb b gkjlûi gkjlûimkf mkf Rjbjs njs efstjs ougrjl fsuimbjs éltgerfigltg pjr njs futjrgs, sml gidfrej, bgdmbj f nf kjyulturf qug gstfijs vmvmglbj `jy gl béf pjr nf pflbgimf prjvjkfbj pjr gn Kjvmb-6=, tjbf nf mlojrifkmûl mlojrifkmûl y nf prgsgl prgsgltfkmû tfkmûll bg nf tgsm tgsmss gs vmrtu vmrtufn, fn, pjr nj tfltj, tfltj, lj eglgrfræ eglgrfræ erflbgs efstjs gkjlûimkj.

6. 6.5. 5.;. ;. _mfd _mfdmn mnmb mbfb fb sj sjkm kmfn fn Nf rgfnmzfkmûl bg gstf mlvgstmefkmûl sg utmnmzfræ ul prjygktj iuntmofimnmfr gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, gn gn kufn gs ulj bbgg njs bmstrmtjs kjl ify ifyjr jr pjrkgltfhg bg kjlstrukkmjlgs mlojrifngs, gs pjr glbg qug gstg prjygktj duskfr glkjltrfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj sésimkj ûptmij, pfrf fsé bfrng ulf ighjr sgeurmbfb f njs `fdmtfltgs bg gsg gbmomkmj.

6.0.. Mip 6.0 Mipfkt fktjj pjtglk pjtglkmfn mfn b bgg nf ml mlvg vgstm stmefk efkmûl mûl [g `f flfnmzfbj gn fpjrtg qug drmlbfrjl njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs, gs pjr gnnj qug sg `f bmvmbmbj gl mipfktj tgûrmkj g mipfktj præktmkj.

 

6. 6.0. 0.6. 6. Mi Mipf pfkt ktjj tg tgûr ûrmk mkjj Gstf mlvgstmefkmûl pgrimtg vgrmomkfr nj tgûrmkj kjl nj prfktmkj gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn, f su vgz pgrimtg mbgltmomkfr nfs bmogrglkmfs qug gxmstgl fn bmsgöfr tgûrmkfigltg ul gbmomkmj rgspgktj fn bmsgöj utmnmzflbj gn sjotwfrg Gtfds. Fbgiæs, duskf fipnmfr njs kjljkmimgltjs gstrukturfngs fpjrtflbj ojrifs bmbæktmkfs gl gn flænmsms gstrukturfn, fbfptflbj y `fkmglbj iæs gltglbmdngs njs kjlkgptjs tgûrmkjs yf gxmstgltgs.

6. 6.0. 0.4. 4. Mi Mipf pfkt ktjj pr præk æktmk tmkjj Gstf mlvgstmefkmûl fpjrtf ul ijbgnj pfrf njs prûxmijs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs bg gbmomkmjs bg igbmflf fnturf gl Nmif ljrtg, jptmimzflbj gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn y rgbukmglbj kjstjs bg iftgrmfngs. Fbgiæs, sgrvmræ kjij iftgrmfn bg fpjyj pfrf njs gstubmfltgs kjij mleglmgrjs kmvmngs, nj kufn dglgomkmfræ gl su kjiprglsmûl y iflghj gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn,  duskflbj jptmimzfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj sésimkj bg njs prjygktjs bg vmvmglbfs iuntmofimnmfrgs outurfs, fsé imsij drmlbfr sgeurmbfb y kjlomflzf f njs `fdmtfltgs.

 

62

KFSÉRWNJ MM IFTKJ RGÛTMKJ 4. 4.6. 6. Fl Fltg tgkkgb gbgglt ltgs gs [g tjiû kjij fltgkgbgltgs f kftjrkg tgsms kjl gstubmjs smimnfrgs j rgnfkmjlfbjs fn tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl, bg nfs kufngs smgtg bg gnnfs sjl bg lmvgn lfkmjlfn y smgtg bg lmvgn mltgrlfkmjlfn.

4. 4.6. 6.6. 6. Ml Mltg tgrl rlfk fkmj mjlf lfng ngss Iærqugz, H. (4367). Fspgktjs bg ijbgnfimgltj gl Gbmomkmjs bg pnfltf nmdrg , nmdrg , gstf tgsms tmglg kjij omlfnmbfb8 Bgtgrimlfr gn vfnjr bg mlkgrtmbuidrg mlkgrtmbuidrg bg njs bmogrgltgs fspgktjs bg ijbgnfimgltj ijbgnfimgltj  pfrf njs gbmomkmjs qug kugltgl kjl nf pnfltf nmdrg, njs fspgktjs f gstubmfr sjl njs gngigltjs omlmtjs, gn gogktj bgn tfiföj bg nf ifnnf bg gngigltjs omlmtjs, nf mlonuglkmf bg mlknumr j lj gn bmforfeif réembj pjr pmsj y gn lmvgn bjlbg sg mipjlg gn kjrtg iélmij bg bmsgöj pfrf nf gstrukturf. Sfrf gnnj rgfnmzfrjl gn ijbgnfimgltj bg sgms gbmomkmjs rgfngs qug kugltfl kjl nf pnfltf nmdrg utmnmzflbj njs sjotwfrgs Gtfds y gn Flsys. Kjlknuyglbj Kjlknuyglbj qug njs ijbgnjs bg Gtfds pgrimtgl gnmimlfr nf ifsf vgrtmkfn bgn ijbgnj, nj qug lj gs pgrimtmbj pjr Flsys. [ml gidfrej, tmglg bgsvgltfhf gl gn  prjkgsj bgn ifnnfbj bg njs gngigltjs omlmtjs y gl njs tmgipjs bg kænkunj f bmogrglkmf bgn Flsys. Fbgiæs, njs gbmomkmjs ijstrfrjl ul kjipjrtfimgltj ûptmij gl gn flænmsms ijbfn y sg ijstrfrjl iæs sglsmdngs fn kjrtg iélmij bg bmsgöj gl gn lmvgn dfsfn bg nf gstrukturf. (Iærqugz, 4367).

 

67 Ijrfngs, G. (4365). Bmfelûstmkj gstrukturfn gl dfsg f nf kurvf bg kfpfkmbfb bgn gbmomkmj bg fpfrtfigltjs bgljimlfbj kmurflf udmkfbj gl nf kmubfb bg Fidftj, prjvmlkmf bg Ruleurf`uf, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij omlfnmbfb8 Tgfnmzfr ul bmfelûstmkj gstrukturfn bgn gbmomkmj „Kmurflf’ bg sgms pmsjs bg ojrif mrrgeunfr tfltj gl gngvfkmûl kjij gl pnfltf, y fsé pjbgr bgtgrimlfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj bg nf gstrukturf bgltrj bgn rflej nmlgfn, pfrf gnnj sg smeumû njs  pfræigtrjs bg nf ljrif gkuftjrmflf bg nf kjlstrukkmûl 4367 y FKM-;60-62, pfrf gnnj sg utmnmzû gn sjotwfrg Gtfds 436?. Kjlknuyglbj qug gn gbmomkmj „Kmurflf’ gs kfpfz bg rgsmstmr ul smsij kjl ul pgrmjbj bg rgtjrlj bg 257 föjs, gn kufn kjrrgspjlbg f ulf fkgngrfkmûl iæxmij rgsmstmbf [f 9 3.02e. suormglbj bföjs smelmomkftmvjs gl nf gstrukturf, pgrj gvmtflbj pírbmbfs `uiflfs. [ml gidfrej, gn kjipjrtfimgltj bmlæimkj bg nf gstrukturf lj gs gn ûptmij bgdmbj qug prgsgltj prjdngifs bg tjrsmûl gl pnfltf fnkflzflbj 25% gl gn ijbj bg vmdrfkmûl, gn kufn supgrf njs ;3% qug gs gn rgkjiglbfdng.. (Ijrfngs, 4365). rgkjiglbfdng Vumrjef, O. (4360). Ijbgnfkmûl, flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg trgs  pnfltfs bg usj pødnmkj kjl sgkkmûl kjipugstf usflbj gn gspgktrj bg bmsgöj, Lgk-67 y Gtfds, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij prjpûsmtj8 Gnfdjrfr gn bmsgöj bmsgöj gstruktu gstrukturfn rfn pjr ofktjrgs bg kfref y rgsmstglkmf rgsmstglkmf (NTBO) f ul gbmomkmj bg trgs pmsjs kjl sgkkmûl kjipugstf, fbgiæs sg duskf kjljkgr sm gn gbmomkmj sftmsofkg njs nmlgfimgltjs bgn bmsgöj sésimkj gstfdngkmbj gl nf LGK-67. Sfrf gnnj sg  prjkgbmû f utmnmzfr gn sjotwfrg Gtfs pfrf mlergsfr njs bftjs bgn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj, nugej sg nngvû f kfdj gn ijbgnfimgltj bg nf gstrukturf bgn gbmomkmj gl gstubmj, omlfnigltg rgfnmzfrjl rgfnmzfrjl ggnn flænmsms gstrukturfn. Kjlknuyglbj qug gn prjerfif gstrukturfn Gtfds gs ulf `grrfimgltf bg iuk`f utmnmbfb pfrf nf mleglmgréf kmvmn bgdmbj qug bgtgrimlf kjl ifyjr prgkmsmûl gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn, f su vgz jtjref nf ofkmnmbfb bg utmnmzfr nfs ljrifs mltgrlfkmjlfngs qug sg vfl fktufnmzflbj  prjergsmvfigltg sgeøl nj vgf kjlvglmgltg kfbf pfés. Fbgiæs, ofkmnmtf nf gnfdjrfkmûl bg bmogrgltgs gstrukturfs, fbgiæs jdtuvj gn rflej kjrrgktj gl nf rgnfkmûl bgiflbf/kfpfkmbfb bgiflbf/kfp fkmbfb lj gxkgbmglbj 6.33 kjij nj gstfdng nf LGK. (Vumrjef, 4360).

 

Jrtmz, G. (4364). Bmsgöj gstrukturfn smsij-rgsmstgltg bg njs gbmomkmjs bg bgpfrtfigltjs bg `jrimeûl frifbj Nmidure Snftz bg nf kmubfb bg qumtj, pfrf efrfltmzfr nf sgeurmbfb bg njs jkupfltgs, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij omlfnmbfb8 o mlfnmbfb8 Gnfdjrfr gn bmsgöj y kfnkunj gstrukturfn [msijrgsmstgltg bg njs gbmomkmjs bg `jrimeûl frifbj NMIDWTE SNFRX frifbj SNFRX,, pfrf efrfl efrfltmzfr tmzfr nf sgeurmbfb sgeurmbfb bg sus jkupfltgs, jkupfltgs, gs pjr  gnnj qug sg utmnmzû gn prjerfif gstrukturfn Gtfds pfrf gn ijbgnfimgltj bg nfs gstrukturfs bg njs gbmomkmjs, tglmglbj kjij rgogrglkmf nf ljriftmvf FKM ;60-.7 y gn kûbmej gkuftjrmflj gkuftjrmflj bg nf kjlstrukkmûl bgn föj 4334, gn kuæn `f smbj nf dfsg pfrf  pjbgr rgfnmzfr gn bmsgöj y kfnkunj gstrukturfn smsijrgsmstgltg. smsijrgsmstgltg. Kjlknuyglbj, Kjlknuyglbj, qug gn ijbgnj y bmsgöj gstrukturfn qug sg gnfdjrj tuvj ul kjipjrtfimgltj jptmij y sftmsofktjrmj, pfrf gnnj sg tuvj gl kugltf njs bftjs jdtglmbjs bg njs bmogrgltgs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs, fbgiæs kjij gltrgef omlfn sg jtjreû njs pnfljs gstrukturfngs bg njs gbmomkmjs pfrf nf kjlstrukkmûl gl nf kmubfb bg Vumtj. (Jrtmz, 4364). [frfvmf, N. (436;). Flænmsms y bmsgöj kjl Gtfds, su fpnmkfkmûl fbgkufbf y kjiprjdfkmûl bg rgsuntfbjs, Fpnmkfbj f gbmomkmjs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij omlfnmbfb8 Bgsfrrjnnfr kjlomflzf gl gn gipngj bgn prjerfif gstrukturfn Gtfds, pfrf gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn bg gbmomkfkmjlgs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj, bflbj nf sgeurmbfb pfrf qug njs gstubmfltgs bg prgerfbj bg nf kfrrgrf bg mleglmgréf kmvmn y pfrf njs mleglmgrjs kmvmngs kjl nf gspgkmfnmbfb bg gstrukturfs pugbfl utmnmzfrnj, fbgiæs bgiugstrf njs fnkflkgs qug pugbg tglgr gstg sjotwfrg y lj qug nj vgfl kjij ul prjerfif bjlbg smipngigltg sg bgdg mlergsfr bftjs pfrf jdtglgr rgsuntfbjs. Kjlknuyglbj qug gn sjotwfrg Gtfds gs iuy gomkfz y oækmn bg usfr pfrf gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn, smglbj gstg prjerfif ul erfl fpjrtg pfrf nf mleglmgréf kmvmn, bjlbg kufnqumgr  mlgxfktmtub sg vf f rgonghfr gl njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs, tglmglbj gl knfrj qug njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs kjij gn Gtfds ofkmnmtfl njs prjkgsjs bg flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn. ([frfvmf, 436;).

 

Njzflj, L. (436;). Kjipfrfkmûl smsijrgsmstgltg y gkjlûimkf gltrg ulf gstrukturf kjlvglkmjlfn y ulf lj kjlvglkmjlfn gl ul imsij gbmomkmj mrrgeunfr, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij omlfnmbfb8 Kjipfrfr gn smstgif gstrukturfn kjlvglkmjlfn kjl gn lj kjlvglkmjlfn gl ul gbmomkmj mrrgeunfr bg bmgz pmsjs, fbgiæs sg kjipfrû su kjipjrtfimgltj smsijrgsmstgltg y sus kjstjs tjtfngs. F su vgz, sg bgtgrimlû nfs bmogrglkmfs bg bgsgipgöj sésimkj y kfpfkmbfb bg buktmnmbfb fn bgspnfzfimgltj, pfrf gnnj gn ijbgnfimgltj, gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn sg utmnmzû gn sjotwfrg Gtfds. Kjlknuyglbj qug nf buktmnmbfb bgn gbmomkmj lj kjlvglkmjlfn gs ul ;5% igljs bøktmn rgspgktj fn gbmomkmj kjlvglkmjlfn, rgspgktj f njs kjstjs tjtfngs bg iftgrmfngs (kjlkrgtj y fkgrj), rgifrkflbj qug lj sg tuvj gl kugltf nfs kmigltfkmjlgs bgn prjygktj, gs ifyjr pfrf nf gstrukturf lj kjlvglkmjlfn gl ul 45 %, bjlbg nf ifyjr bmogrglkmf sg jdtuvj pjr nf mlonuglkmf bgn fkgrj bg rgougrzj gl njs bmsgöjs bg njs prjygktjs bg nfs bjs ojrifs f gstubfr. Fbgiæs, sgeøl gn bgsgipgöj y kjipjrtfimgltj qug sg jdtuvmgrjl bgn flænmsms gstrukturfn, sg jdsgrvf qug `udj ul ifyjr bgspnfzfimgltj y igljs kjrtfltg dfsfn  pfrf gn gbmomkmj kjlvglkmjlfn. kjlvglkmjlfn. (Njzflj, (Njzflj, 436;). Feumnfr, H. (4367). Flænmsms y bmsgöj bg ul gbmomkmj bg 0 lmvgngs gipngflbj bmogrgltgs smstgifs bg pmsj8 njsfs bg kjlkrgtj rgojrzfbj pgrmigtrfnigltg fpjyfbfs y njsfs pnflfs bg kjlkrgtj pjstglsfbj, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij omlfnmbfb8 Tgfnmzfr nf kjipfrfkmûl mltgerfn bg bjs ijbgnjs gstrukturfngs1 njsfs bg kjlkrgtj rgojrzfbfs pgrmigtrfnigltg fpjyfbfs y njsfs pnflfs bg kjlkrgtj pjstglsfbj1 pfrf gn gbmomkmj bg iugstrf, gn kufn sg trftf bg ul `jtgn bg jk`j pmsjs smtufbf gl nf kmubfb bg Iíxmkj. Mbgltmomkfbjs nfs vgltfhfs bg kfbf ijbgnj y bgsgighflzfs gl njs bgspnfzfimgltjs bg gltrgpmsjs, gn pgsj bg nf gstrukturf y su bgongxmûl bg njsf. Sfrf gnnj utmnmzfrjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds pfrf pjbgr ijbgnfr gn bmsgöj enjdfn y gn sjotwfrg [fog pfrf pjbgr bmsgöfr y flfnmzfr nfs njsfs bgn prjygktj. Kjlknuyglbj qug gxmstgl fneulfs bmogrglkmfs gltrg sé gl fneuljs pfrfigltjs, f su vgz sg pugbg fprgkmfr qug tfltj gn kjlkrgtj pjstglsfbj y gn kjlkrgtj rgojrzfbj sg pugbgl kjipngigltfr  fbgkufbfigltg prjvjkflbj ul f`jrrj mipjrtfltg gl njs iftgrmfngs bg kjlstrukkmûl. Kfdg rgsfntfr qug lj sg pubj bgtgrimlfr kuæn bg njs smstgifs prjpugstjs gs iæs

 

fbgkufbj pfrf gn gbmomkmj bg jk`j pmsjs bgdmbj qug lj sg rgfnmzû nf kjipfrfkmûl bg kjstjs tjtfngs y bg tmgipj bg ghgkukmûl. (Feumnfr, 4367).

4.6. 4.6.4. 4. Lf Lfkm kmjl jlfn fngs gs @ufrfkf, F. (4360). Flænmsms Flænmsms Kjipfrftmvj Fpnmkflbj Fpnmkflbj gn [jotwfrg Tjdjt [trukturfn Flfnysms y Gtfds pfrf Gvfnufr gn Kjipjrtfimgltj Gstrukturfn bg _mvmglbfs FutjKjlstrumbfs, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij prjpûsmtj bg8 Gnfdjrfr gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj utmnmzflbj gn prjerfif Tjdjt [trukturfn Flfnysms y gn prjerfif Gtfds pfrf bgtgrimlfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj bg nfs gstrukturfs bg nfs vmvmglbfs futjkjlstrumbfs gl gn bmstrmtj bg Sukfræ, bg nf prjvmlkmf bg @uflkfyj. Kjlknuyglbj qug gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn bg nfs vmvmglbfs qug sjl futjkjlstrumbf,, lj sg kjipjrtf fbgkufbf futjkjlstrumbf fbgkufbfigltg igltg sgeøl nf gvfnufkmûl rgfnmzfbf kjl njs  prjerfifs Tjdjt [trukturfn Flfnysms y Gtfds, gn kufn lj kuipngl njs rgqugrmimgltjs iélmijs bg nfs Ljrifs Sgruflfs. Fbgiæs, gn flænmsms gstætmkj lj kuipng kjl njs nmlgfimgltjs bg nf ljrif G.3;3 sgeøl njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs, f su vgz gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bg nf kjrtfltg gstætmkj bgn sjotwfrg Tjdjt [trukturfn gs ifyjr gl 4.27% rgspgktj fn sjotwfrg Gtfds. (@ufrfkf, 4360). Ififlm, G. (4365). Flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg nf gbmomkfkmûl bg lugvg lmvgngs kjl fpnmkfkmûl bgn [jotwfrg Gtfds vgrsmûl 67.4 ‛ [fog vgrsmûl 62.6., gstf tgsms tmglg kjij  prjpûsmtj bg8 Gnfdjrfr gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn bgn gbmomkmj prjygktfbj pfrf @jtgngréf qug kjlstf bg lugvg pmsjs y ul sgimsûtflj, smtufbj gl Hunmfkf, pfrf gnnj rgfnmzfrjl nf gstrukturfkmûl, prg-bmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfrefs, smeumglbj nf tgjréf gstrukturfn fprglbmbf gl prgerfbj utmnmzflbj nfs ljrifs G.343, G.3;3 y G.3?3, njerflbj kjltrjnfr fbgkufbfigltg nfs bgongxmjlgs y kjlegstmjlgs gstrukturfn. F su vgz, pfrf jptmimzfr gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn sg utmnmzû njs sjotwfrgs Gtfds v67.4 y [fog 62.6, qug fpjrtf gl nf rgbukkmûl rgbukkmûl bg tmgipj y njs rgsuntfbjs rgsuntfbjs gstæl f oulkmûl bgn ijbgnj gstrukturfn, nj kufn `fkg qug gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn sgf nj iæs rgfn  pjsmdng. Fbgiæs, sg jdsgrvû qug njs bgspnfzfimg bgspnfzfimgltjs ltjs iæxmijs bg nfs bgrmvfs kuipngl kjl njs pfræigtrjs tjngrfdngs pfrf nf kjlstrukkmûl bg gbmomkfkmjlgs. Gs pjr 

 

gnnj qug gbmomkmj prjygktfbj kuipng kjl nfs sjnmkmtfkmjlgs bg njs smsijs. (Ififlm, 4365). Drmjlgs, S., & Fnvfrgz K`mrmdjef, H. (4360). Kjipfrfkmûl bgn ijbgnfimgltj, flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn gl kjlkrgtj frifbj utmnmzflbj njs [jotwfrg Gtfds y Tjdjt strukturfn flfnysms, pfrf ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj lmvgngs (kuftrj pmsjs y ul sgimsûtflj), gstf tgsms tmglg kjij prjpûsmtj bg8 Mbgltmomkfr y bfr f kjljkgr nfs bmsmimnmtubgs qug gxmstgl gltrg gn sjotwfrg Gtfds y [jotwfrg Tjdjt [trukturfn gl gn ijbgnfimgltj bgn gbmomkmj, gl gn bmsgöj gl kjlkrgtj frifbj y gl fn flænmsms smsijrgsmstgltg bgn gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs bgstmlfbj pfrf gn usj fkfbíimkj, smtufbj gl nf kjiulmbfb bg _mnnf K`unnulqumflm ‛ Frgqumpf. Kjlknuyglbj qug njs rgsuntfbjs bg fidjs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs sjl iuy smimnfrgs, sml gidfrej, gn sjotwfrg Tjdjt [trukturfn gs iæs kjiprglsmdngs y ræpmbj bgdmbj qug jorgkg iæs `grrfimgltfs bmlæimkfs bg ijbgnfimgltj rgspgktj fn sjotwfrg Gtfds. Fbgiæs, sg pubj kjiprjdfr qug gxmstgl fneulfs bmogrglkmfs gl gn flænmsms bmlæimkj y gstætmkj, tglmglbj kjij gn prmlkmpfn kfusfltg gn igtrfbj bg kfref gn kufn fogktf gl nf kjrtfltg gstætmkj y bmlæimkj. (Drmjlgs & Fnvfrgz, 4360). Erfbjs, S. (4360). Fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg 37 pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj gl [fl Msmbrj ‛ 4360, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij  prjpûsmtj bg8

Gnfdjrfr gn bmsg Gnfdjrfr bmsgöj öj y flæn flænmsms msms gstrukturfn gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr iuntmofimnmfr bg kmlkj pmsjs pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Msmbrj ‛ Nmif, nj kufn pfrf nngvfr f kfdj gn ijbgnfimgltj sg utmnmzû gn prjerfif Gtfds v65 sgeøl njs pfræigtrjs qug sg iglkmjlf gl nf ljrif tíklmkf pgruflf G.3;3. Kjlknuyglbj qug nf gstrukturf kuipng y gstæ bgltrj bg njs néimtgs bg nf ljrif G.3;3 ‛ [msij rgsmstgltg, bjlbg nf kjlomeurfkmûl pfsû gn =3% bg nf ifsf pfrtmkmpftmvf, fbgiæs nfs bgrmvfs qug sg jdtuvmgrjl bg njs gltrgpmsjs sg glkugltrfl bgltrj bg njs nmimtgs tjngrfdng gltrg 3.336 y .3.33; gl nfs bmrgkkmjlgs P-P g ]-], lj gxkgbmglbj gxkgbmglbj nfs bgrmvfs iæxmifs nmimtfbfs sgeøl nf G.3;3. (Erfbjs, 4360).

 

Tfiérgz, H. (436=). Bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr bg 0 pmsjs gl [urqumnnj, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij prjpûsmtj8 Tgfnmzfr ul flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kjlkrgtj frifbj bg jk`js  pmsjs smtufbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [urqumnnj ‛ Nmif. Gn prjygktj sg glkugltrf gl ul sugnj tmpj [6 y nf gstrukturf smsijrgsmstgltg sg dfsf gl iurjs bg kjlkrgtj Frifbj, pfrf gnnj sg utmnmzû njs kjlkgptjs gstrukturfngs bg nf ljrif G.3;3, pfrf nugej rgfnmzfr gn bmsgöj trmbmiglsmjlfn bg nf gstrukturf gl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds. Kjlknuyglbj qug nf gstrukturfkmûl y prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj suormgrjl fneulfs ijbmomkfkmjlgs rgspgktj f nj  prjygktj gl njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs, frqumtgktûlmkjs, gstj sg vg rgonghfbj qug sg tuvj qug fuigltfr  gn tfiföj bg nfs sgkkmjlgs sgkkmjlgs bg nfs kjnui kjnuilfs lfs bg njs prmigrjs lmvg lmvgngs, ngs, pfrf qug sg  pugbf kuipnmr nf vgrmomkfkmûl kjl pflbgj. pflbgj. Fbgiæs, sg jdtuvj rgsu rgsuntfbjs ntfbjs smimnfrgs gl nfs kfrefs bg erfvgbfb, gltrg gn igtrfbj rgfnmzfbj f iflj y njs jdtglmbjs pjr gn sjotwfrg Gtdfs, pfrf njs gngigltjs gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs kjnui kjnuilfs lfs y pnfkfs sg tuvmgrjl rgsuntfbjs nmegrfigltg nmegrfigltg bmstmltjs pjr nf `mpg `mpgrgstftmkmbfb rgstftmkmbfb qu qugg lj gs tjifbf gl kugltf kugltf gl gn igtrfbj iflufn. (Tfiérgz, 436=). Igzf, H. (4360). Jptmimzfkmûl bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr gl sugnjs Dnflbjs, kjl gn ijbgnj mltgrfkkmûl sugnj ‛ gstrukturf, gl Nurél ‛ Nmif, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij prjpûsmtj8 Jptmimzfr gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr gl sugnjs dnflbjs, gl Nurél ‛ Nmif, pfrf gnnj gvfnufrjl gn kjipjrtfimgltj sésimkj usflbj nf igtjbjnjeéf mltgrfkkmûl sugnj ‛ gstrukturf, fbgiæs, utmnmzfrjl nf ljrif rusf [LMS 4.34.37-05 pfrf bgtgrimlfr njs vfnjrgs bg rmembgz y fijrtmeufimgltj. Kjiprjdflbj qug nfs  prjpmgbfbgs igkælmkfs igkælmkfs bg sugnj mlonuygl gl nj njss gsougrzjs mltgrljs bg nf gs gstrukturf. trukturf. F su vgz, gxmstg ulf jptmimzfkmûl bg fkgrj bg 66.56% pfrf nfs vmefs y 64.;5% pfrf njs iurjs gstrukturfngs, kjl rgspgktj rgspgktj fn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn. trfbmkmjlfn. Gs pjr gnnj qug nf igtjbjnjeéf bg Mltgrfkkmûl sugnj-gstrukturf gs ûptmij qug ul ijbgnj bg dfsg gipjtrfbf kuflbj sg udmkfl gl sugnjs dnflbjs. (Igzf, 4360).

 

Kærbglfs, J. (436=). Bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr bg kjlkrgtj frifbj bg kmlkj pmsjs, gstf tgsms tmglg kjij prjpûsmtj bg8 Gnfdjrfr gn bmsgöj y flænmsms bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs bgn gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs smtufbj smtuf bj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Msmbrj, gn kufn kugl kugltf tf kjl ul tgrrglj bg ojrif rgeunfr, rgeunfr,  pfrf rgfnmzfr gn ijbgnfimgltj y bmsgöj gstrukturfn utmnmzfrjl njs sjotwfrgs Gtfds y [fog, fbgiæs sg smeumû njs nmlgfimgltjs qug sg mlbmkf gl nfs ljrifs G.343, G.3;3 y G.3?3 pfrf fsé kuipnmr tjbjs njs rgqugrmimgltjs pjr ngy, fbgiæs gn gltrgefdng omlfn sgræ jtjrefr njs pnfljs gstrukturfngs bgn prjygktj. Kjlknuyglbj qug nf gstrukturf sg fbfptf njs pfræigtrjs qug sg gstfdngkg gl nf frqumtgkturf, kuipnmglbj nf ljriftmvf G.3;3, fbgiæs njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbj bgn igtrfbj bg kfrefs qug sg rgfnmzû iflufnigltg y kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds tuvmgrjl ul fprjxmifbj. F su vgz gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn oug gn bgsgfbj, kuipnmglbj njs nmlgfimgltjs qug sg gstfdngkg gl nf ljrif, jdtglmglbj ul gbmomkmj rgeunfr. (Kærbglfs, 436=).

4.4. 4.4. Df Dfsg sgss tgûr tgûrmk mkfs fs 4.4.6.. Kjlk 4.4.6 Kjlkgptj gptjss bg nf Mlegl Mleglmgréf mgréf Gstr Gstruktur ukturfn fn [g bgdg tglgr gl kugltf qug nf mleglmgréf kmvmn gs ulf bg nfs rfifs iæs fltmeufs bg nf mleglmgréf, gn kufn sg pugbg bgkmr, qug gsg tírimlj fpfrgkg gl Mlenftgrrf gl gn föj 6573, bjlbg Hj`l [igftjl [igftjl kjl gn foæl foæl bg bmogrglkmfr f nf mle mleglmgréf glmgréf imnmtfr kjl nfs kjlstrukkmjlgs rgfnmzfbfs pjr pgrsjlfs kmvmngs, bgljimlj bg mleglmgrj kmvmn f nfs pgrsjlfs qug rgfnmzfdfl kjlstrukkmjlgs sml lmleøl oml imnmtfr. Kjl gn pfsj bgn tmgipj nf mleglmgréf kmvmn sg oug rfimomkflbj gl gspgkmfnmbfbgs, gs f`é bjlbg lfkg nf mleglmgréf gstrukturfn, gn kufn duskf gstmifr nf rgsmstglkmf iélmif qug lgkgsmtfl njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs pfrf  pjbgr sjpjrtfr nfs kfrefs iugrtfs, vmvfs j bg gvgltufngs ijvmimgltjs sésimkjs, sml tglgr  lmleøl ofnnj gl nf gstrukturf, bmsimluyglbj bmsimluyglbj njs kjstjs bg iftgrmfngs bg kjlstrukkmûl fn tglgr ul ighjr bmsgöj gstrukturfn. Wrmdg (6==4) ljs kjigltf qug8 Nf omlfnmbfb prmlkmpfn bg nf mleglmgréf gstrukturfn gs gn rgfnzfr gn bmsgöj bg tjbj tmpj bg gstrukturfs. Sfrf gnnj bgdgijs tglgr gl kugltf qug tjbf gstrukturf sg kjlstruyg bgdmbj f ulf omlfnmbfb qug sg bf bg fkugrbj f su oulkmûl. Nfs sg pugbgl glkjltrfr  glkgrrfbfs gl ul gspfkmj, rgtglgr j kjltglgr ul iftgrmfn j trflsimtmr trflsimtmr kfrefs kfrefs fn

 

tgrrglj. tgrrg lj. Gn mleg mleglmgrj lmgrj gstru gstrukturf kturfnn bgdg tglg tglgrr gl knfrj qug fn bmsgöfr ulf gstrukturf gstrukturf bgdg kuipnmr kjl tjbjs njs fspgktjs bg oulkmjlfnmbfb, sgeurmbfb y gkjlûimkj, sml ijbmomkfr f erflbgs rfsejs gn pultj gstítmkj j frqumtgktûlmkj. (p. ;).  Lmnsjl (6===) iglkmjlf iglkmjlf nj smeumgltg8 Nf prmlkmpfn nfdjr bg ul mleglmgrj gstrukturfn gs gn rgfnmzfr gn bmsgöj bg gstrukturfs gomkmgltgigltg, bjlbg gn bmsgöj bgljtf qug sg gstfdngkmû nfs bmiglsmjlgs, gspgkmomkfkmjlgs gspgkmomkfkmjl gs y ojrif eglgrfn bg ul gngigltj gstrukturfn gl pfrtmkunfr, nj kufn gstg bgdg kuipnmr njs rgqugrmimgltjs pjr nj kufn oug krgfbj, f su vgz bgdg rgsmstmr bg ulf ojrif ûptmif y sgeurf nfs kfrefs j gogktjs qug fktufrfl sjdrg gnnf, fbgiæs bg jtrjs fegltgs kjij njs fsgltfimgltjs fsgltfimgltjs bg njs kmimgltjs, nf tgipgrfturf tgipgrfturf y fegltgs kjrrjsmvjs. (Sæe. 6=).

Gs mipjrtfltg tglgr gl kugltf qug bgsbg gn mlmkmj bg ul prjygktj bg gbmomkfkmjlgs bgdg gxmstmr ulf duglf rgnfkmûl gltrg nf pfrtg frqumtgktûlmkf g mleglmgréf gstrukturfn, bgdmbj qug iuk`fs vgkgs pugbgl iflmogstfrsg mlkjipftmdmnmbfbgs gltrg nfs gstrukturfs prjygktfbfs  pjr gn frqumtgktj rgspgktj f nfs gstfdngkmbfs pjr gn mleglmgrj gstrukturfn, nj kufn sg vg rgonghfbj kuflbj sg sjdrgpjlgl pfrf vgr gn prjygktj mltgerfbj. Gstfs mlkjipftmdmnmbfbgs  pugbgl eglgrfr gstrukturfs `mdrmbfs, tfngs kjij gngigltjs bg erfl rmembgz kjl gstrukturfs bg ifipjstgréf, bghflbj bg nfbj njs smstgifs gstrukturfngs qug sg glkugltrfl mlbmkfbjs gl nfs ljriftmvfs tíklmkfs pgruflfs. Fbgiæs, kfdg iglkmjlfr qug iuk`fs vgkgs gl nf `jrf bg rgfnmzfr nf gstrukturfkmûl sg bghfl nngvfr pjr gn gspfkmj oésmkj qug jkupf kfbf gngigltj gstrukturf, sml tjifr gl kugltf su oulkmjlfnmbfb, pjr ghgipnj, njs pgrfntgs bg nf vmef j nfs sgkkmjlgs bg nf kjnuilf, nj kufn gs nj qug pgrimtg ulf ighjr oulkmjlfnmbfb. Eglgrfnigltg sg kjlsmbgrf kjlsmbgrf ulf gstruk gstrukturf turf f tjbj gngig gngigltj ltj qug sg fpjyf sjdrg ulf dfsg j kmimgltj kmimgltjs, s, nf kufn f su vgz gstf sg glkugltrf fpjyfbj gl gn sugnj, sml gidfrej, iuk`fs vgkgs lj sg kjlsmbgrf fn sugnj pjr glbg lj sg kjlsmbgrfl nfs ougrzfs `jrmzjltfngs qug mlonuygl gl gstf, nfs kufngs prjvjkfl bgojrifkmjlgs. Gs pjr gnnj qug nf supjsmkmûl fltgrmjr gs mlkjrrgktf, y iæs smlj kjlsmbgrfijs bgltrj bg nf gstrukturf nfs rgpgrkusmjlgs bg nfs ougrzfs `jrmzjltfngs qug pugbg sgr prjvjkfbfs pjr njs vmgltjs j smsijs, gl kjlsgkuglkmf, nj kjrrgktj gs bgkmr  qug nf gstrukturf gs ulf sjnf, bjlbg bgdgijs kjlsmbgrf nf gstrukturf, njs kmimgltjs y gn sugnj, ojriflbj fsé ul smstgif ølmkj kfpfz bg sgr rgsmstmr bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg kfrefs j ougrzfs, pjr glbg, sg bgdg gstubmfr g flfnmzfr enjdfnigltg nf gstrukturf.

 

Sjr nj tfltj, bgsbg gn mlmkmj bg nf gstrukturfkmûl y bmsgöj bg kufnqumgr gbmomkfkmûl bgdgijs kjlsmbgrfr tjbfs nfs pjsmdngs ojrifs bg kmigltfkmûl y kjl gnnj nf mltgrfkkmûl qug gstf tmglg kjl gn sugnj.

4. 4.4. 4.4. 4. Lj Ljri rifs fs tí tíkl klmk mkfs fs Ljrif tíklmkf G.3;38 Bmsgöj [msijrgsmstgltg (föj 4360) Srgkmsf njs nmlgfimgltjs iélmijs qug bgdg kjltfr njs bmsgöjs bg nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs u jdrfs kmvmngs1 qug vfl bgsbg kfsfs ulmofimnmfrgs `fstf gbmomkmjs bg erfl glvgrefburfs j pugltgs1 nj kufn bgdgl tglgr ulf rgspugstf sésimkf fkjrbg f njs prmlkmpmjs oulbfigltfngs, njs kufngs sjl8 prgvglmr iugrtgs `uiflfs, efrfltmzfr nf kjltmlumbfb bg njs sgrvmkmjs dæsmkjs bgn mliugdng y bmsimlumr njs bföjs gstrukturfngs qug pugbg suormr nf gbmomkfkmûl fltg ul gvgltufn smsij.

Ljrif tíklmkf G.3438 Kfrefs (föj 433?) [g bgdg tglgr tglgr gl kkugltf ugltf qug tjbjs njs gngigltjs ggstrukturfngs strukturfngs qug kjlojrifl kufnqumgr  tmpj bg kjlstrukkmjlgs tfngs kjij vmvmglbfs, gbmomkmjs, pugltgs, gltrg jtrjs bgdgræl sgr  kfpfsgs bg sjpjrtfr nfs kfrefs vmvfs y nfs kfrefs iugrtfs qug sg ngs fpnmqugl sgeøl gn tmpj bg prjygktj j tmpj bg usj qug sg ng bí. Gstfs bgdgræl fktufr sgeøl nfs kjidmlfkmjlgs bgskrmtfs gl nf ljrif, nfs kufngs kufngs lj bgdgl prjv prjvjkfr jkfr bgojrifkmjl bgojrifkmjlgs gs u gsougrzjs qug gxkgbfl sgeøl nj sgöfnfbj gl sus nmlgfimgltjs.

Ljrif tíklmkf G.3?38 Kjlkrgtj Frifbj (föj 433=) Srgkmsf nfs bmspjsmkmjlgs y gxmeglkmfs iélmifs pfrf nf gnfdjrfkmûl bg nfs gspgkmomkfkmjlgs tíklmkfs qug bgdg kjltfr kfbf gngigltj gstrukturfn bg tjbj tmpj bg prjygktj qug sg utmnmkg gn kjlkrgtj frifbj, fbgiæs drmlbf njs fnkflkgs pfrf rgfnmzfr njs pnfljs, gn bmsgöj, gn flænmsms, nf ghgkukmûl y gn kjltrjn bg kfnmbfb bg tjbj prjygktj. F su vgz, omhf njs rgqugrmimgltjs bg njs gngigltjs gngigltjs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj, prg-gsojrzfbj, prg-gsojrzfbj, prg-ofdrmkfbj y smipng. Kfdg iglkmjlfr qug gstf ljrif lj rmeg pfrf gn bmsgöj y kjlstrukkmûl bg njsfs qug sg glkugltrfl fpjyfbfs sjdrg gn sugnj, fsé kjij pfrf gn bmsgöj g mlstfnfkmûl bg pmnjtgs.

Ljrif tíklmkf G.3538 Fndfömngréf (föj 433?) Srjpjrkmjlf nfs gxmeglkmfs y nfs kjlbmkmjlgs iélmifs pfrf qug nfs jdrfs kmvmngs qug sjl rgfnmzfbjs f dfsg bg nf fndfömngréf tglefl ul dugl flænmsms, bmsgöj y kjlstrukkmûl. Fbgiæs, gstfdngkg nf mlspgkkmûl y gn kjltrjn bg kfnmbfb bg nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs, nfs kufngs pugbgl sgr 

 

kjlstrukkmjlgs rgfnmzfbfs pjr iurjs kjlomlfbjs y pjr iurjs gstrukturfngs j tfidmíl nnfifbjs iurjs pjrtfltgs. [g bgdg tglgr gl kugltf qug njs iurjs pjrtfltgs sjl bmsgöfbjs kjl njs krmtgrmjs qug yf sg glkugltrfl bgtgrimlfbjs pjr nf rgsmstglkmf y igkælmkf bg iftgrmfngs. Gs pjr gnnj qug pfrf bgtgrimlfr njs gsougrzjs gl nf fndfömngréf sg bgdg tglgr gl kugltf gn mipfktj mipfktj qug pug pugbgl bgl prjbukmr nfs kfrefs vvmvfs, mvfs, nfs kfrefs iugrtfs, nf mltglsmbfb mltglsmbfb bg njs smsijs, nf prgsmûl bg njs vmgltjs, njs kfidmjs bg tgipgrfturf, gxkgltrmkmbfbgs bg nfs kfrefs y njs fsgltfimgltjs bmogrglkmfngs. Fbgiæs, sg rgkjimglbf qug gn iæxmij bg pmsjs  pfrf nfs kjlstrukkmjlgs kjlstrukkmjlgs bg gbmomkmjs gbmomkmjs utmnmzflbj nf fndf fndfömngréf ömngréf gs bg 7 f ? pmsjs pmsjs j 67 in.

4. 4.4. 4.;. ;. [j [jot otwf wfrg rg Gt Gtfd fdss Gs ul sjotwfrg qug pgrtglgkg f nf kjipföéf Kjiputgrs flb [trukturgs, Mlk. (K[M), gs ulf giprgsf bgbmkfbf f njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs g mleglmgréf sésimkf, oulbfbf gl gn föj 6=57. Rglmglbj kmlkj sjotwfrgs prmlkmpfngs, nfs kufngs sjl gn Gtfds. [fp 4333, K[mDrmbeg, Sgrojri-;B y gn [fog, gstjs prjerfifs bg K[M sjl utmnmzfbjs pjr iæs bg 6?3 pfésgs, bjlbg imngs bg giprgsfs bgbmkfbfs f nf mleglmgréf nj utmnmzfl rgfnmzflbj bmvgrtmbjs tmpjs bg  prjygktjs, tfngs kjij gn Gstfbmj Jnéipmkj bg njs Sæhfrjs j nf Rjrrg Rfmpg 636. Gn Gtfds gs ul prjerfif mlojriætmkj mltgerfbj pfrf gn bmsgöj y flænmsms bg nfs gstrukturfs bg nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs, kugltf kjl ul mltgrofz bmlæimkj y sglkmnnj bg iflghfr, gn kufn ofkmnmtf gn bgsfrrjnnfbj bgn ijbgnfimgltj y bmsgöj bg nfs gstrukturfs. Gn Gtfds vgrsmûl 60.4 tmglg ulf mltgrofz fktufnmzfbf, bjlbg bjlbg sus eræomkjs trmbmigls trmbmiglsmjlfngs mjlfngs hultjs kjl njs prjkgbmimgltjs  pfrf gn ijbgnfimgltj, bmsgöj y flænmsms sg glkugltrfl mltgerfbjs bgltrj bg ulf dfsg bg bftjs gl kjiøl. Fbgiæs, gs kjipftmdng kjl gn Dumnbmle mlojriftmjl Ijbgnmle (DMI), gn kufn gs nf igtjbjnjeéf iæs usfbf pfrf nf egstmûl bg prjygktjs.

 

 Omeurf 5 . Mltgrofz bg Gtfds v60.4 Ougltg8 Gtfds v60.4

Kjl gstg sjotwfrg sg pugbg rgfnmzfr gstrukturfs smipngs `fstf gbmomkfkmjlgs bg erfl glvgrefburf qug kugltgl kjl bmsgöjs kjipnghjs bg rgfnmzfr, gn kufn bmomkuntg nf rgfnmzfkmûl bgn ijbgnj gstrukturfn, f su vgz qug kugltgl kjl ulf bmvgrsmbfb bg kjipjrtfimgltjs lj nmlgfngs, `fkmílbjnj ulj bg njs prjerfifs iæs utmnmzfbfs pjr njs mleglmgrjs gstrukturfngs gl nf mlbustrmf bg nf kjlstrukkmûl, bælbjng bælbjng tjbfs nfs `grrfimgltfs y ofkmnmbfbgs pfrf rgfnmzfr  ul ûptmij bmsgöj, gs pjr gnnj qug gn mleglmgrj gstrukturfn tmglg gl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds ul mlstruigltj bg erfl fpjyj pfrf rgfnmzfr sus prjygkkmjlgs bg gbmomkfkmjlgs gbmomkfkmjlgs.. [geøl nf kjipföéf K[M, nj bgomlg8 „Gs ul sjotwfrg rgvjnukmjlfrmj g mlljvfbjr pfrf rgfnmzfr gn bmiglsmjlfimgltj y flænmsms gstrukturfn pfrf gbmomkfkmjlgs, smglbj gstg gn rgsuntfbj bg 23 föjs bg kjlstfltg mlvgstmefkmûl y bgsfrrjnnj, gl su øntmif fktufnmzfkmûl sg jorgkg ulf sgrmg bg `grrfimgltfs mlkjipfrfdngs bg ijbgnfimgltj y vmsufnmzfkmûl trmbmiglsmjlfn ;B, gn kufn kugltf kjl ulf fntf kfpfkmbfb bg pjbgr flfnétmkj nmlgfn y lj nmlgfn, fbgiæs bg ulf erfl vfrmgbfb bg jpkmjlgs pfrf ul bmiglsmjlfimgltj sjomstmkfbj, gn kufn pugbg fdfrkfr ulf fipnmf nmstf bg iftgrmfngs, gsknfrgkgbjrgs eræomkjs, bmsgöjs gsqugiætmkjss g mlojrigs, kjl gn oml bg `fkgr iæs sg gsqugiætmkj sglkmnnj lkmnnj nf kjiprglsmûl bgn flænmsms flænmsms bg njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs, jdtglmbjs, krgflbj ml mlojrigs ojrigs mltumtmvjs bg smipng ng ngkturf’. kturf’.

 

Fbgiæs, gstg sjotwfrg pugbg mipjrtfr kufnqumgr ijbgnj bgsbg nfs bmogrgltgs vgrsmjlgs bgn FutjKFB j Futjbgsa Tgvmt [trukturg y gxpjrtfr njs rgsuntfbjs f bmstmltjs prjerfifs, nj kufngs pugbgl sgr gn [fog, [fp 4333 Imkrjsjot Gxkgn, Imkrjsjot Ujrb, Imkrjsjot Fkkgss, FutjKFB, gltrg jtrjs. Gl kjlknusmûl, gn sjotwfrg Gtfds gs ulf `grrfimgltf pjtgltg pfrf gn mleglmgrj gstrukturfn, pgrimtmílbjng gn mltgrkfidmj bg mlojrifkmûl kjl bmogrgltgs  prjerfifs, mltgerflbj fsé tjbjs njs bmogrgltgs ijbgnjs bg nfs bmstmltfs gspgkmfnmbfbgs qug  pugbg tglgr ulf gbmomkfkmûl. Sjr jtrj nfbj, gn sjotwfrg Gtfds gs ulj bg njs prjerfifs gstrukturfngs iæs kjigrkmfngs y utmnmzfbjs, gs pjr gnnj qug gl vfrmfs ulmvgrsmbfbgs bgn Sgrø sg utmnmzf pfrf gn fprglbmzfhg bgn kursj flænmsms gstrukturfn gl prgerfbj. [frfvmf (436;) mlbmkû qug, flænmsms gstrukturfn gs utmnmzfr nfs gkufkmjlgs qug ljs drmlbf nf rgsmstglkmf bg iftgrmfngs, j utmnmzflbj gn sjotwfrg bg Gtfds, pfrf bgtgrimlfr y kfnkunfr njs gsougrzjs j ougrzfs mltgrlfs bg ulf gstrukturf.

4.4.2. Gng 4.4.2. Gngigl igltjs tjs bg bgnn bmsgö bmsgöjj gstrukt gstrukturf urfnn Wl bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjlstmtuyg njs smeumgltgs gngigltjs8 Gstrukturfkmûl8 [geøl gn tmpj bg prjygktj gstrukturfn y su lgkgsmbfb sg nngvfræ f kfdj ulf gstrukturfkmûl, gn kufn gs suegrmbf, gstj bgdmbj qug kfbf mleglmgrj gstrukturfn tmglg sus  prjpmjs krmtgrmjs bjlbg bgdgl bgdgl kuipnmr nj gstmpunfbj gl nfs ljrif ljriftmvfs tmvfs tíklmkfs pgruf pgruflfs, lfs, gs  pjr gnnj qug prjpjlgl nf udmkfkmûl y nfs igbmbfs bg nfs sgkkmjlgs bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs, bflbj nf sgeurmbfb y jptmimzflbj gn prjygktj frqumtgktûlmkj.

Flænms Flæ nmsms8 ms8 Gl nf fktufnmbfb gn flænmsms bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl sg rgfnmzf igbmfltg sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs tfngs kjij gn Gtfds, [FS 4333, Imbfs Egl, gltrg jtrjs, gn kufn utmnmzfl nf igtjbjnjeéf bg rmembgkgs, fbgiæs ljs drmlbfl njs bgspnfzfimgltjs y kjipjrtfimgltj bg kfbf gngigltj gstrukturfn j igkælmkj imgidrj bg ulf gstrukturf.

Bmsgöj8 Gs gn rgsuntfbj bg prjpjrkmjlfr nfs bmiglsmjlgs y ftrmdutjs f kfbf gngigltj gstrukturfn gl flænmsms, gn kufn bgdg kuipnmr nf oulkmûl bg sjpjrtfr nfs kfrefs fpnmkfbfs bg nf gstrukturf.

Bmduhj8 [g rgfnmzf tjiflbj njs bftjs y gspgkmomkfkmjlgs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn, pfrf nugej  pnfsifrnj kjij bmduhj, bmduhj, gn kufn bf kjij kjij rgsuntfbj njs pnfljs ggstrukturfngs. strukturfngs.

Igijrmf Igij rmf bg Kænkunj Kænkunj88 Wlf vgz kunimlfbj gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn sg gnfdjrf nf igijrmf bg kænkunj bgskrmptmvf bg nf gstrukturf sgöfnflbj y gspgkmomkflbj gspgkmomkflbj nfs kfrefs vmvfs y iugrtfs qug sg `f utmnmzfbj, fsé kjij gn rrgsuntfbj gsuntfbj bgn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj.

 

4. 4.4. 4.7. 7. Gs Gstr truk uktu turf rfkm kmûl ûl Bgnefbj (4366) fomrif8 Gl gn bmsgöj bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl mipnmkf f bmvgrsjs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs qug kuipngl kjl ulf oulkmûl bgtgrimlfbf, bmk`js gngigltjs sjl njs smeumgltgs8 _mefs8 Srmlkmpfngs y sgkulbfrmfs Kjnuilfs8 Gstrukturfngs y kjnuilgtfs Njsfs8 Fnmegrfbjs, ifkmzfs y lgrvfbfs Iurjs lj pjrtfltgs y iurjs gstrukturfngs Kmigltfkmjlgs kjrrmbfs pfrf iurjs lj pjrtfltgs Xfpftfs8 Fmsnfbfs y kjidmlfbfs Njs bjs prmigrjs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs (vmefs y kjnuilfs) ojrifl gn pûrtmkj gstrukturfn, gn kufn tmglgl nf oulkmûl bg sjpjrtfr gn pgsj bg nfs kfrefs iugrtfs y vmvfs bgn gbmomkmj prjvjkflbj ulf ighjr bmstrmdukmûl bg bmk`fs kfrefs, gn kufn kjlnngvf f ul ighjr  kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn (p.;0).

f) Gstr Gstruk uktu turf rfkm kmûl ûl b bgg Njsf Njsfss Bgnefbj (4366) sjstmglg8 Gn gspgsjr qug bgdg tglgr ulf njsf bgpglbg bgn bmstflkmfimgltj qug gxmstg gltrg njs fpjyjs. [m nf njsf gs fnmegrfbf, nfs vmeugtfs sg bgdgl pjsmkmjlfr gl nf bmrgkkmûl bg nf sgpfrfkmûl igljr gltrg njs fpjyjs. Fbgiæs, sg rgkjimglbf qug gn gspgsjr bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf sgf N/47, bjlbg N gs nf nuz nmdrg gltrg njs ghgs, sgeøl nj gstfdngkmbj gl gn Tgenfigltj Sgruflj bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj. (p.2;)

d) Gstr Gstruk uktu turf rfkm kmûl ûl bg _mef _mefss Sfrf nfs vmefs gxmstgl krmtgrmjs sglkmnnjs, qug, bg fneulf iflgrf, pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs tjifl gl kugltf gn `gk`j bg kjidmlfr nfs kfrefs vgrtmkfngs y bg smsij, nj kufn tmglgl njs smeumgltgs krmtgrmjs8

 

Rfdnf 2 Krmtgrmjs Sræktmkjs bg _mefs Krmtgrmjs [mipngigltg fpjyfbfs ` 9 N / 64 C N / 63 Gxtrgijs Kjltmlujs ` 9 N / 64 C N / 62 Krmtgrmj præktmkj orgltg f smsijs ` 9 N / 63 Dfsg (d) 9 3.; ` C 3.7 ` Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

[geøl njs krmtgrmjs iglkmjlfbjs iglkmjlfbjs88 _mefs prmlkmpfngs (_S)8 ` 9 ?33 / 631 ` 9 ?3 ki1 d 9 ;3 ki _mefs sgkulbfrmfs (_[)8 ` 9 203 / 631 ` 9 73 ki1 d 9 47 ki [g rgkjimglbf rgbjlbgfr f iæs nfs bmiglsmjlgs jdtglmbfs, jdtglmbfs, pfrf qug sg ofkmnmtg gn bmsgöj y kjlstrukkmûl bg nfs vmefs.

k) Gstr Gstruk uktu turf rfkm kmûl ûl bg kjnu kjnuil ilfs fs Sfrf nfs kjnuilfs sg utmnmzf gn krmtgrmj bg bmiglsmjlfimgltj pjr kfref vgrtmkfn, bgdmbj qug gl nf gbmomkfkmûl sg `f utmnmzfbj gn smstgif imxtj j bufn (iurjs bg kjrtg y pûrtmkjs), gn kufn  pgrimtg qug njs ijigltjs ijigltjs prjvjkf prjvjkfbjs bjs pjr smsij j ougrzfs `jrmzjltf `jrmzjltfngs ngs gl nfs kjnuilfs, kjnuilfs, sg bmsimluyf kjlsmbgrfdng kjlsmbgrfdngigltg. igltg. Njs smeumgltgs krmtgrmjs bg prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj sg rgkjimglbfl pfrf gstg tmpj bg gbmomkfkmjlgs8 Rfdnf 7 Krmtgrmjs bg Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj Krmtgrmjs bg prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj Ojrif Sfrtg bgn pûrtmkj Fe 9 Kfref Rjtfn gl sgrvmkmj / 3.;7 * o”k sésimkj  Lj ojrif pfrtg bgn pûrtmkj Fe 9 Kfref Rjtfn gl sgrvmkmj / 3.27 * o”k sésimkj Kfref Rjtfn 9 ærgf Rrmdutfrmf Rjtfn * 6 tjl / Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

 

Bg fkugrbj f njs krmtgrmjs fltgrmjrgs, f kjltmlufkmûl, ul ghgipnj bg gstrukturfkmûl bg ulf kjnuilf8 Ærgf trmdutfrmf 9

2.=3 * 7.33 9 42.73

Kfre Kf reff Rjtf Rjtfnn (tj (tjl) l) 9

6.33 6.33 tjl tjl /

* 42 42.7 .733

* = pm pmsj sjss 9

443.73 Fe 9 443.73 / (3.27 x 4633) 9 4,;;;.;; k Fe (T (Tgb gbjl jlbg bgfb fbj) j) 9 4, 4,23 233. 3.33 33 k Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug gn ærgf bg nf kjnuilf pfrf gn ghgipnj prjpugstj gs bg 4,233.33 4,23 3.33 k

, kjl kjl gnnj pjbg pjbgijs ijs bgtgrimlf bgtgrimlfrr qug nnfs fs bmigls bmiglsmjlg mjlgss pfrf pfrf nf kjnui kjnuilf lf gs 23

ki x ?3 ki.

b) Gstr Gstruk uktu turf rfkm kmûl ûl bg Sn Snfk fkfs fs Dnflkj (6==2) fomrif8 Kuflbj ljs rgogrmijs f nfs pnfkfs, kjlsmstg gl pfrgbgs j iurjs gstrukturfngs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj, gn kufn, fn tglgr ulf ifyjr bmiglsmûl gl ulj bg sus sgltmbjs, iuy supgrmjr f su flk`j, jtjreflbj ulf ifyjr rmembgz nftgrfn y rgsmstglkmf gl gsf bmrgkkmûl. Bmvgrsjs futjrgs iglkmjlfl qug nfs pnfkfs sjl kjij kjnuilfs bg sgkkmûl trflsvgrsfn iuy fipnmfs, kjlsmbgrflbj qug ulf kjnuilf rgkmdg nfs imsifs kfrefs y gsougrzjs qug ulf pnfkf, bgdmbj f qug fidjs sjl gngigltjs gstrukturfngs vgrtmkfngs qug kfrefl nfs vmefs pgrfntfbfs j k`ftf, fbgiæs bg nfs njsfs fnmegrfbfs j ifkmzfs, jdtglmglbj ijigltjs gl gstfs. Fn tglgr ul nfrej ljtjrmfigltg supgrmjr, eglgrfl qug nfs pnfkfs tglefl ul kjipjrtfimgltj mltgrmjr bmstmltj (mipjrtfltg bgojrifkmûl pjr  kjrtg), kjlvmrtmílbjsg gl gngigltjs bg erfl rmembgz nftgrfn y rgsmstglkmf gl nf bmrgkkmûl bg su nfrej. Nf erfl rmembgz nftgrfn qug eglgrfl njs iurjs gstrukturfngs j  pnfkfs, sjl iuy supgrmjrgs f nf qug prjpjrkmjlf ul pûrtmkj frifbj (kjnuilf kjl vmef), gs pjr gnnj gl nf fktufnmbfb, kjl ulf ifyjr kjlkmglkmf sg pugbg utmnmzfr nfs  pnfkfs pfrf tglgr ul ighjr bmsgöj smsij rgsmstgltg, gl gspgkmfn gl gbmomkfkmjlgs bg erfl ifelmtub j fnturf. (p.;4) ∖ Njlemtubgs pnfkfs bg 43 ki ≧ Ærgf tjtfn bgn gbmomkmj / 643 Ærgf Rjtfn bgn gbmomkmj 9 Ærgf pjr pmsj * # bg Smsjs

 

4.4.?. 4.4 .?. Srg Srgbmi bmigls glsmjl mjlfim fimglt gltjj f) Srgbm Srgbmigl iglsmj smjlfi lfimgl mgltj tj Njsf Njsf fnmeg fnmegrfb rfbfs fs Dnflkj (6==2) bgomlmû, sg pugbg bmiglsmjlfr gn pgrfntg bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf, tglmglbj gl kjlsmbgrfkmûl njs smeumgltgs pfræigtrjs8 Rfdnf ?  Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs gl ulf bmrgkkmûl Bmiglsmjlgs sgeøl krmtgrmjs Nuz nmdrg igljr f 2.33 its. Nuz nmdrg gltrg 2.33 f 7.73 its. Nuz nmdrg gltrg 7.33 f ?.73 its. Nuz nmdrg gltrg ?.33 f 5.73 its. Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

` 9 65 ki. ` 9 43 ki. ` 9 47 ki. ` 9 ;3 ki.

[g bgdg kjlsmbgrfr qug ` smelmomkf gn gspgsjr, gs bgkmr bgkmr nf fnturf tjtfn bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf,  pjr nj smeumgltg sg mlknuyg njs 7 ki bg njsf (p.;?). Sjr jtrj nfbj, nfs njsfs fnmegrfbfs frifbfs gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs sg utmnmzfl eglgrfnigltg kuflbj tglgijs pföjs bg ojrif kufbrætmkf y kuflbj tglgijs nukgs ifyjrgs f njs ? igtrjs. Gs pjr gnnj qug pfrf gstjs kfsjs sg kjlsmbgrf nj smeumgltg8 Rfdnf 5  Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs Bmiglsmjlgs sgeøl krmtgrmjs Nuz nmdrg gltrg ?.73 f 5.73 its. Nuz nmdrg gltrg 5.33 f 0.73 its. Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

` 9 47 ki ` 9 ;3 ki

Kfdg iglkmjlfr qug nf Ljrif G.3?3, mlbmkf fneuljs krmtgrmjs pfrf gn bmiglsmjlfimgltj bmiglsmjlfimgltj bg njsfs fnmegrfbfs sgeøl sgf gn kfsj. Rfdnf 0  Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs fnmegrfbfs Njsfs Fnmegrfbfs gl ulf bmrgkkmûl [mipngigltg fpjyfbf8 ` 9 N/44 Fidjs 9 N/47 Gl vjnfbmzj8 ` 9 N/63 Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

Njsfs Fnmegrfbfs gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs

` 9 pgréigtrj / 603

 

d) Srgbm Srgbmigl iglsmj smjlfi lfimgl mgltj tj bg njs njsfs fs ifkm ifkmzf zfss Dnflkj (6==2) fomrij sg pugbg bmiglsmjlfr bmiglsmjlfr nfs njsfs ifkmzfs tjiflbj tjiflbj gl kugltf gn gspgsjr bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf, gn kufn sg bgdg bmsimlumr 7 ki pfrf jdtglgr gn gspgsjr bg nf njsf ifkmzf, bgdmbj qug gstf tmglg nfs bgsvgltfhfs bg sgr iæs pgsfbfs. F kjltmlufkmûl, ul ghgipnj8 Gspgsjr (ifkmzf) 9 Gspgsjr (fnmegrfbf) ‛ 7 ki Gspgsjr (ifkmzf) 9 43 ki ‛ 7 ki Gspgsjr (ifkmzf) 9 67 ki Gs pjr gnnj qug pjbgijs gxprgsfr njs smeumgltgs gspgsjrgs utmnmzflbj gn krmtgrmj gl iglkmûl. Rfdnf =  Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs Ifkmzfs Bmiglsmjlgs sgeøl krmtgrmjs Nukgs ≢ 2.33 its. ` 9 64 j 6; ki. Nukgs ≢ 7.73 its. ` 9 67 ki. Nukgs ≢ ?.73 its. ` 9 43 ki. Nukgs ≢ 5.73 its. ` 9 47 ki. Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

Nfs bmiglsmjlgs iglkmjlfbfs pugbgl rgbukmrsg rgbukmrsg sm sg tjifl gl kugltf nfs njsfs frifbfs gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs. Nfs njsfs ifkmzfs fktøfl y sg kjipjrtfl kjij gngigltjs gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs f lj sgr qug, lj sg tglef gl ulf bmrgkkmûl njs djrbgs ojrifbjs pjr nfs vmefs j iurjs1 gl kfsj qug nf njsf tglef njs kuftrj djrbgs ojrifbjs pjr vmefs j iurjs, su kjipjrtfimgltj sgræ lfturfn gl bjs bmrgkkmjlgs. (p. ;0) Rfdnf 63  Bmiglsmjlgs njsfs ifkmzfs Njsfs If Ifkmzf mzfs ggl l ul ulf bm bmrgkkmûl [mipngigltg fpjyfbf8 ` 9 N / 43 Fidjs gxtrgijs kjltmlujs8 ` 9 N / 4? Gl vjnfbmzj8 ` 9 N / 63 Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

Njsfs If Ifkmzfs gl gl bj bjs b bmmrgkkmjlgs Njsfs gxtgrmjrgs8 ` 9 Sgréigtrj/6?3 Njsfs mltgrmjrgs8 ` 9 Sgréigtrj/603

 

k) Srgb Srgbmi migl glsm smjl jlfi fimg mglt ltjj _m _mef efss Dnflkj (6==2) bgomlmû8 [g bmiglsmjlfl nfs vmefs tjiflbj gl kugltf ul pgrfntg gltrg N/63 f N/64 bg nf nuz nmdrg1 kfdg iglkmjlfr qug gl gstf fnturf gstæ mlknumbj gn gspgsjr bg nf njsf bgn tgk`j j pmsj. Nf Ljrif G.3?3 `fkg iglkmûl qug nfs vmefs qug kuipngl ulf oulkmûl gstrukturfn bgdgl tglgr ul flk`j iélmij bg 47 ki gspgkmfnigltg pfrf gn kfsj qug ojrigl pfrtg bg pûrtmkjs j gngigltjs smsijrgsmstgltgs bg gstrukturfs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj. Fsé imsij nfs vmefs qug lj ojrifl pfrtg bg njs pûrtmkjs pjbræl tglgr  gspgsjrgs igljrgs kjij bg 67 j 43 ki.(p. 72) Nfs bmiglsmjlgs usufngs bg vmefs sjl nfs smeumgltgs8 Nukgs ≢ 7.73 its.  47 x 73, ;3 x 73 Nukgs ≢ ?.73 its.  47 x ?3, ;3 x ?3, 23 x ?3 Nukgs ≢ 5.73 its.  47 x 53, ;3 x 53, 23 x 53, 73 x 53 Nukgs ≢ 0.73 its.

 ;3

x 57, 23 x 57, ;3 x 03, 23 x 03

Nukgs ≢ =.73 its.

 ;3

x 07, ;3 x =3, 23 x 07, 23 x =3

b) Srgb Srgbmi migl glsm smjl jlfi fimg mglt ltjj Kj Kjnu nuil ilfs fs Dnflkj (6==2) bgomlg8 Nfs kjnuilfs bgdgl sgr bmiglsmjlfbfs tglmglbj gl kugltf gn ijigltj ongktjr y nf kfref fxmfn fn imsij tmgi kfref tmgipj pj yf qug gstæl sji sjigtmb gtmbfs fs f gstfs. gstfs. Fsmimsij, Fsmimsij, sg gvfnøf gvfnøf kuæn bg njs bjs gs iæs mlonuygltg gl gn bmiglsmjlfimgltj. Kuflbj flfnmzfijs ulf gbmomkfkmûl kjl ulf erfl kfltmbfb bg løigrjs bg pmsjs, sg pugbg iglkmjlfr qug nf kfref fxmfn kuipnmræ ul pfpgn mipjrtfltg gl nf gstrukturf f bmogrglkmf bgn ijigltj, gs fsé qug sg bmiglsmjlf duskflbj ulf sgkkmûl tjtfn kjl gn prjpûsmtj qug nf kfref fxmfn gl sgrvmkmj ghgrzf ul gsougrzj bg kjiprgsmûl bg 3.27 o”k. Sjr gn kjltrfrmj, sm flfnmzfijs ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg pjkjs løigrjs bg pmsjs, pgrj bg nukgs kjl erfl lmvgn bg mipjrtflkmf, sg pugbg iglkmjlfr qug njs ijigltjs pugbgl eglgrfr  gxkgltrmkmbfbgs iuy mipjrtfltgs, gs pjr gnnj qug sg duskf tglgr ulf sgkkmûl kjl ul ifyjr pgrfntg, gn kufn nf bmrgkkmûl bgdg gstfr bg fkugrbj fn ijigltj iæs krétmkj. (p. 26)

 

Gs lgkgsfrmj kjlsmbgrfr kjlsmbgrfr qug, pfrf gbmomkfkmjlgs gbmomkfkmjlgs,, gspgkéomkfigltg gbmomkmjs, qug tglefl nukgs smelmomkftmvfs (ifyjrgs f 5.33 - 0.33 its), sg bgdg tglgr ul gspgkmfn kumbfbj gl nfs kjnuilfs gxtgrmjrgs, pubmglbj tglgr gstfs ulf bmiglsmûl gl gn pgrfntg bg nf kjnuilf gl ul 53 f 03 % bgn pgrfntg bg nf vmef. (p. 24)

g) Srgb Srgbmi migl glsm smjl jlfi fimg mglt ltjj S Snf nfkf kfss Dnflkj (6==2) ljs mlbmkû8 Gn gspgsjr bg pnfkfs pugbg kjlsmbgrfrsg bgsbg 63 ki. kjij iélmij, pgrj gl iuk`js kfsjs, kjij pjr ghgipnj gbmomkmjs bg pjkjs pmsjs, prgomgrgl gstfdngkgr 67 ki. bg gspgsjr gl nfs pnfkfs. Gstjs vfnjrgs vfréfl gl oulkmûl fn fuigltj j bmsimlukmûl bg njs løigrjs bg pmsjs (43, 47 j ;3 ki.). [g `fl prjygktfbj gl gn Sgrø ulf erfl kfltmbfb bg gbmomkfkmjlgs qug pugbg nngefr `fstf njs ;3 pmsjs, pgrj sm ljs rgogrmijs f gbmomkfkmjlgs kjl pnfkfs ljs rgogrmijs `fstf bg 43 pmsjs kjlsmbgrflbj ul gspgsjr bg 47 ki fprjxmifbfigltg y bg njlemtubgs kjlsmbgrfdngs pfrf ístfs1 Sjr gn jtrj nfbj sm `fy ul pjkj kfltmbfb bg pnfkfs gl ulf bmrgkkmûl, gs prjdfdng qug sg lgkgsmtg gspgsjrgs ifyjrgs tfngs kjij bg 23, 73 j ?3 ki bg gspgsjr. .(p. ?;)

o) Sr Srgbm gbmigl iglsmj smjlfi lfimgl mgltj tj Iurjs Iurjs bg ssûtf ûtflj lj y Kms Kmstgr tgrlf lf [geøll nf Ljrif G.3?3, sg bgdg kjl [geø kjlsmbgr smbgrfr fr gl njs iurjs bg sûtflj nf fnturf fnturf,, yf qug sm kugltf kjl ulf fnturf igljr f ;.43, njs iurjs tglbræl gspgsjr bg 43 ki. Gl kfsj bg tglgr  iæs lmvgngs bg sûtflj gn gspgsjr fuigltfræ gl 7 ki. pjr kfbf sûtflj qug sg fbmkmjlg. Sfrf iurjs bg kmstgrlf sg dfsfræ gl8 gspgsjr (g) 9 ` / 63 gl bjlbg gn gspgsjr gs ifyjr f 43 ki.

4.4.5.. Kfre 4.4.5 Kfrefs, fs, Ougrz Ougrzfs fs y K Kjidml jidmlfkmj fkmjlgs lgs bg Kfrefs Kfrefs [geøl nf ljrif bg kjlkrgtj frifbj, nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs bgdgl kuipnmr kjl nfs kfrefs rgspgktmvfs qug sg bgdgl kjlsmbgrfr gl gn flænmsms bg ul gbmomkmj, yf qug fn flfnmzfr ulf gbmomkfkmûl sg bgdg kjlsmbgrfs nfs ougrzfs y kfrefs (kfrefs vmvfs y kfrefs iugrtfs). Fsmimsij, kjlsmbgrfr nfs ougrzfs y gogktjs qug mipjlg njs ijvmimgltjs `jrmzjltfngs j smsijs, nfs kjidmlfkmjlgs bg kfref qug sg bgdgl tglgr gl kugltf pfrf gn bmsgöj y pfrf gn gstfbj bg néimtgs, kjij, pjr gn iítjbj bg gsougrzjs fbimsmdngs, njs kjgomkmgltgs bg rgbukkmûl bg nf kfpfkmbfb bg imgidrjs bg kjlkrgtj gl gstrukturfs imxtfs y nfs bmvgrsfs kfrefs qug fktøfl gl nf gstrukturf.

 

Kfrefs y Ougrzfs Wl smstgif gstrukturfn gs sjigtmbj pjr nfs kfrefs y nfs ougrzfs, nfs kufngs sg jrmemlfl bgn  pgsj tjtfn bg njs gngigltjs omhjs gl nf kjlstrukkmûl, gl njs jkupfltgs y sus pjsgsmjlgs, gl njs gogktjs fidmgltfngs, gl njs fsgltfimgltjs bmogrglkmfngs y njs kfidmjs bmiglsmjlfngs qug sg rgstrmlegl.

Kfref Iugrtf Kjlsmbgrfijs kfrefs iugrtfs fn pgsj prjpmj bg nf gbmomkfkmûl gl gstg kfsj bgn gbmomkmj. Bmk`f kfref tfidmíl gs bgljimlfbf kfref pgriflgltg y gl iuk`js kfsjs y prjerfifs sg ng bgljimlf „Bgfb’ smidjnmzælbjnj kjl nf ngtrf „B’. Dæsmkfigltg kjlsmbgrfijs kfrefs iugrtfs f nf tfdmqugréf y fkfdfbjs fkfdfbjs bg nf gbmomkfkmûl. Gl kmg kmgrtjs rtjs kfsjs `fy kfrefs fbmkmjlfngs qug sg bgdg kjlsmbgrfr kjij kfref iugrtf kjij, pjr ghgipnj8 pmskmlfs, zjlfs bg vgegtfkmûl, dflkfs bg kjlkrgtj, gtk. Rjbj bgpglbgræ bgn bmsgöj frqumtgktûlmkj bg nf gbmomkfkmûl. Rfdnf 66 Sgsjs Wlmtfrmjs bg iftgrmfngs Iftgrmfngs Fndfömngréf bg8 Wlmbfbgs bg frkmnnf kjkmbf sûnmbfs Wlmbfbgs bg frkmnnf kjkmbf `ugkfs Kjlkrgtj [mipng bg8 Kfskjtg bg nfbrmnnj Erfvf Kjlkrgtj Frifbj Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Fkgrj Kfrefs

Sgsj AL/i; (Aeo/i;) 60.3 Q6033Y 6;.3 Q6;73Y 60.3 Q6033Y 4;.3 Q4;33Y Föfbmr 6.3 Q633Y fn pgsj bgn kjlkrgtj smipng 50.7 Q5073Y

Kfref _mvf [geøl nf Ljrif G.343, ljs bmkg8 Njs vfnjrgs qug sjl iglkmjlfbjs gl nf Rfdnf ;.6.6 bgn kfpétunj ;, sg utmnmzf kjij vfnjrgs iélmijs bg fkugrbj f njs bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg usj. Gl kfsj qug gn usj u jkupfkmûl bg nf gbmomkfkmûl lj omeurg gl bmk`f tfdnf, gn mleglmgrj f kfrej bgtgrimlfræ gn vfnjr bg nf kfref vmvf drmlbflbj ulf sustgltfkmûl bgtfnnfbf pjr gn pgsj ulmtfrmj utmnmzfbj.

 

Gl kfbf pnflj bgn prjygktj bgdgræ gstfr knfrfigltg mlbmkfbj gn vfnjr bg nf kfref vmvf qug sg gstæ kjlsmbgrflbj gl bmk`f gbmomkfkmûl. Fbgiæs, gl gstf ljrif sg mlbmkf njs pgsjs ulmtfrmjs bg njs iftgrmfngs gl gn flgxj 6, gn kufn `fkgijs iglkmûl bg fneuljs bg gnnjs f kjltmlufkmûl8 Rfdnf 64 Kfrefs vmvfs iélmifs rgpfrtmbfs Jkupfkmûl j Wsj

Kfrefs Tgpfrtmbfs aSf (aeo/i4)

Fnifkglfimgltj

7.3 Q733Y _gr ;.6.2

Kgltrjs bg Gbukfkmûl Funfs Rfnngrgs Nfdjrftjrmjs Sfsmnnjs y gskfngrfs

4.7 Q473Y ;.7 Q;73Y _gr ;.6.2 ;.3 Q;33Y _gr ;.6.2 2.3 Q233Y

Efrfhgs Gstfkmjlfimgltjs pfrf vg`ékunjs kjl fnturf igljr bg 4.23 i

4,7 Q473Y

@jspmtfngs [fnfs bg jpgrfkmûl, nfdjrftjrmjs y zjlfs bg sgrvmkmj Kufrtjs Sfsmnnjs y gskfngrfs

@jtgngs Kufrtjs Fnifkglfhg y sgrvmkmjs Sfsmn_mvmglbfs njs y gskfngrfs Ougltg8 Fbfptfbj bg nf Ljrif bg Kfrefs Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

;.3 Q;33Y 4.3 Q433Y 2.3 Q233Y

4,3 Q433Y 7.3 Q733Y 4,3 4,3 QQ433Y 433Y

F su vgz nf kfref vmvf bg kfbf pmsj bgn gbmomkmj sg ng pugbg fpnmkfr nf rgbukkmûl bg Kfref _mvf, mlbmkfbj gl gn kfpétunj ;, frtékunj ;.7 bg nf Ljrif bg Kfrefr G.343.

 

Bjlbg8 Nr 9 Mltglsmbfb bg nf kfref vmbf QrgbukmbfY Nj 9 Mltglsmbfb bg kfref vmvf Qsml rgbukmrY Fm 9 Ærgf bg mlonug mlonuglkmf lkmf gl Fm 9 A x Ft A9

Of Ofkt ktjr jr bg bg K Kfr fref ef vmvf vmvf,, ssge geøl øl gn ttmp mpjj bbgg ggng ngig iglt ltjj

gstru strukkturf turfnn F Ftt 9

Ærgf Ærgf Rrmd Rrmdut utffrmf rmf

Sfrf gnnj sg bgdg kuipnmr njs smeumgltgs rgqugrmimgltjs8



Gn ærgf bg mlonuglkmf bgdg supgrfr njs 23.33

.



Gn Nr lj bgdg supgrfr 3.7 Nj.



Sfrf kjnuilfs j iurjs gstrukturfngs qug sjpjrtgl bg ul pmsj f iæs sg bgdg suifr nfs ærgfs bg mlonuglkmf bg njs pmsjs kjltmeujs.



Sfrf njs gstfkmjlfimgltjs vg`mkunfr lj sg pgrimtg rgbukmr nf kfref vmvf, gxkgptj pfrf kjnuilfs y iurjs gstrukturfngs qug sjpjrtgl iæs bg bjs pmsjs, tglmglbj ulf rgbukkmûl iæxmif bg 43%.



Gl kfsj bg njsfs bg ulf bmrgkkmûl, gn ærgf trmdutfrmf qug sg gipngf pfrf bgtgrimlfr gn ærgf bg mlonuglkmf lj bgdg sgr ifyjr bgn prjbuktj bg nf nuz nmdrg pjr ul flk`j bg 6.7 vgkgs bg nf nuz nmdrg.

Kfref bg [msij Nfs vmdrfkmjlgs bg nf supgromkmg j ijvmimgltjs sésimkjs prjbukgl kfrefs qug nf gstrukturf bgdg sjpjrtfr, sg trfsimtg igbmfltg nf mltgrfkkmûl sugnj, prjvjkflbj nf rgspugstf bg nf gstrukturf.

Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg Kfrefs Nf gstrukturf bgdg sgr bmsgöfbf pfrf smtufkmjlgs iæs krétmkfs bg kfref. Kfdg rgsfntfr qug bmvgrsfs kfrefs pugbgl sgr rgonghfbfs sjdrg nf gstrukturf gl gn imsij mlstfltg. Gs pjr gnnj qug, gl nf smeumgltg tfdnf, sg gxpjlgl nfs Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg Bmsgöj rgqugrmbfs sgeøl nf  Ljrif G.3?3 pfrf gngigltjs bg Kjl Kjlkrgtj krgtj Frifbj j Ifi Ifipjstgréf pjstgréf gstrukturf gstrukturfn8 n8

 

Rfdnf 6; Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg bmsgöj Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg Bmsgöj KJIDJ 6 6.2 B KJIDJ 4 6.2 B + 6.5 N KJIDJ ; 6.47 (B + N) + [P KJIDJ 2 6.47 (B + N) ‛ [P KJIDJ 7 6.47 (B + N) + [] KJIDJ ? 6.47 (B + N) ‛ [] KJIDJ 5 3.= B + [P KJIDJ 0 3.= B ‛ [P KJIDJ = 3.= B + [] KJIDJ 63 3.= B ‛ [] Kfrefs iugrtfs (B), vmvfs (N) y smsij ([x, [y). Ougltg8 Bgnefbj 4366

4.4.0. 4.4 .0. _un _unlgr lgrfdm fdmnmb nmbfb fb [és [ésimk imkff Nf Ljrif [msijrgsmstgltg, gspgkmomkf qug sg bgdg tglgr gl kugltf kmgrtjs fspgktjs gl iglkmûl8

f) Xjlmom omkkfkmûl Gn Sgrø gstæ sgeigltfbf gl kuftrj zjlfs sésimkfs, gs pjr gnnj qug nf zjlmomkfkmûl sg oulbfigltf gl nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs eglgrfngs bg njs ijvmimgltjs sésimkjs, nf bmstrmdukmûl gspfkmfn bg nf smsimkmbfb jdsgrvfbf, jdsgrvfbf, nf ftglufk ftglufkmûl mûl bg ístjs rgspgktj f nf bmstflkmf gpmkgltrfn y gl nf mlojrifkmûl lgjtgktûlmkf lgjtgktûlmkf..

 

Omeurf 0. Ifpf bg Xjlfs [ésimkfs Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmstgltg

Sfrf kfbf zjlf sg ng gstfdngkg ul ofktjr, nj kufn gstæ mlbmkfbj gl nf smeumgltg Rfdnf 62. Bmk`j ofktjr sg kjlsmbgrf kjij nf fkgngrfkmûl iæxmif `jrmzjltfn gl sugnj réembj kjl ulf  pjsmdmnmbfb bg 63% bg sgr sjdrgpfsfbf gl 73 föjs. Kfdg mlbmkfr qug gn ofktjr sg rgprgsgltf kjij ulf fkgngrfkmûl bg nf erfvgbfb. Rfdnf 62  Ofktjr bg Xjlf Xjlf X92 X9; X94 X96  Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg

Ofktjr bg Xjlf „X’

Ofktjr 3.27 3.;7 3.47 3.63

 

d) Gstu tubm bmjjs b bgg ssmt mtmj mj [g kjlsmbgrf kuflbj sg nmimtf fn nuefr bg gstubmj bgn prjygktj y drmlbf mlojrifkmûl fkgrkf bg kfidmjs pjsmdngs fltg gvgltjs sésimkjs u jtrjs oglûigljs lfturfngs bgn nuefr. Njs  pfræigtrjs bg bmsgöj bmsgöj sg kjlsmb kjlsmbgrfl grfl kjij jdhgtmv jdhgtmvjj prmlkmpfn.

k) Kjlb Kjlbmk mkmj mjlg lgss Egjt Egjtík íklm lmkf kfss [geøl nf Ljrif, njs gstrftjs bg njs sugnjs sugnjs sg knfsmomkfl kjlsmb kjlsmbgrflbj grflbj nf vgnjkmbfb  prjigbmj bg prjpfefkmûl bg nfs jlbfs bg kjrtg (  ̇), gl kfsj bg njs sugnjs erflunfrgs, sg bgdg kjlsmbgrf gn prjigbmj pjlbgrfbj bg njs   ̇?3, gn kufn gs jdtglmbj pjr igbmj bg ul glsfyj bg pglgtrfkmûl gstælbfr ([SR). Sjr jtrj nfbj, pfrf njs sugnjs qug sjl kj`gsmvjs sg bgdg rgfnmzfr gn prjigbmj pjlbgrfbj bg nf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtg gl kjlbmkmûl qug lj sg glkugltrf brglfbf (    ̇ ). Rglgijs kmlkj tmpjs bg pgromngs bg sugnjs, njs kufngs sjl njs smeumgltgs8

Rmpj [38 Tjkf Burf [g rgomgrg f nfs rjkfs sflfs kjl vgnjkmbfb bg prjpfefkmûl bg jlbfs bg kjrtg _s ifyjrgs f 6,733 i/s. Gs pjr gnnj qug nfs igbmkmjlgs sg bgdgl rgfnmzfr gl nf udmkfkmûl bjlbg sg glkugltrf gn prjygktj j gl tjbj kfsj bgdg tglgr nfs imsifs kfrfktgréstmkfs bg nf rjkf, gs bgkmr bgdg kjltfr kjl nf imsif ojrifkmûl bg meufn j ifyjr orfkturf. Nugej bg kjljkgr sm gs kjltmluf nf rjkf burf `fstf ulf prjoulbmbfb prjoulbmbfb bg ;3.33 its, nfs igbmkmjl igbmkmjlgs gs bg nf vgnjkmbfb bg nfs jlbfs bg kjrtg supgromkmfngs pugbgl sgr utmnmzfbfs pfrf bgbukmr gn vfnjr bg _s.

Rmpj [68 Tjkf j [ugnjs Iuy Téembjs Sfrf nfs rjkfs qug kugltfl kjl bmogrgltgs erfbjs bg orfkturfkmûl, qug sgfl ifkmzjs `jijeílgjs y njs sugnjs kjl ul erfbj fntj bg rmembgz, gn kufn kugltfl kjl vgnjkmbfbgs bg  prjpfefkmûl bg jlbf bg kjrtg _s qug vfl gltrg 733.33 i/s y 6,733.33 i/s. F su vgz tfidmíl sg bgdg mlknumr njs kfsjs bjlbg sg rgfnmzf kmigltfkmûl sjdrg8

 

Rfdnf 67 Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl pfrf Sgromn Rmpj [6

Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl Sfrf nfs Tjkfs orfkturfbfs qug tmglgl ulf rgsmstglkmf f nf kjiprgsmûl lj kjl kjlom omlf lfbf bf qqug ug ssgf gfll if ifyj yjrg rgss j mmeu eufn fn f 733. 733.33 33 aaSf Sf (7. (7.33 33 ae/ ae/ ). Gl kfsj bg nf frglf j erfvf qug sjl iuy bglsfs kjl L?3 qug supgrf njs 73.33 aSf. Nfs frkmnnf iuy kjipfktfbfs qug kugltfl kjl ul gspgsjr igljr f 43.33 its, kjl ulf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtg gl kjlbmkmûl lj brglfbf ifyjr  f 633.33 aSf (6.33 ae/ki4) y kjl ul fuigltj erfbufn bg sus  prjpmgbfbgs igkælmkfs igkælmkfs rgspgk rgspgktj tj f nf prjoulbmbfb. Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

Rmpj [48 [ugnjs Mltgrigbmjs [jl njs sugnjs qug sjl pfrkmfnigltg réembjs, kjl vgnjkmbfbgs bg prjpfefkmûl bg jlbf bg kjrtg _s, qug vfl gltrg 603.33 i/s y 733.33 i/s. Rfidmíl sg bgdg mlknumr kfsjs gl bjlbg sg rgfnmzf kmigltfkmûl sjdrg8 Rfdnf 6? Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl pfrf Sgromn Rmpj [4

Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl Sfrf nf frglf bglsf j erfvf frgljsf pfrkmfnigltg bglsf, njs kufngs kugltfl kjl vfnjrgs bgn [SR L?3, qug vfl gltrg 67 - 73. Gl kfsj bg njs sugnj kj`gsmvj kjipfktfbjs kjl ulf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtg gl kjl kjlbm bmkm kmjl jlgs gs lljj br brgl glfb fbf, f, qu qugg vf gglt ltrg rg 773. 3.33 33 aSf aSf (3. (3.73 73 ae/ ae/ )y 633. 633.33 33 aSf aSf ((6. 6.33 33 ae/ ae/ ), kkjl jl ul fuig fuiglt ltjj er erfb fbuf ufnn bg su suss  prjpmgbfbgs ig kælmkfs rgspg rgspgktj ktj f nf prjoulbmbfb. Ougltg8 Ljrif igkælmkfs [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

Rmpj [;8 [ugnjs Dnflbjs [g rgomgrg f njs sugnjs qug sjl ongxmdngs kjl vgnjkmbfbgs bg prjpfefkmûl bg jlbf bg kjrtg _s, igljr j meufn f 603.33 i/s, bjlbg sg bgdg mlknumr njs kfsjs qug sg rgfnmzfl ulf kmigltfkmûl sjdrg8

 

Rfdnf 65 Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl pfrf Sgromn Rmpj [;

Kfsjs bg Kmigltfkmûl Sfrf nf frglf igbmf/omlf j erfvfs qug sjl frgljsfs, nfs kufngs tmglg ul vfnjr bg [SR L?3 igljr f 67. Gl kfsj bgn sugnj dnflbj qug kj`gsmvj, qug tglefl rgsmstglkmf kjrtg gl kjlbmkmûl lj brglfbf, vf gltrg 47.33 aSfulf (3.47 ae/ki4) fn y 73.33 aSf (3.73ae/ki4), kjl ul fuigltj erfbufn bg sus prjpmgbfbgs igkælmkfs rgspgktj f nf prjoulbmbfb. Kufnqumgr sugnj qug lj pgrtglgzkf fn tmpj [2 y fbgiæs qug kugltg kjl ;.33 its f iæs bg sugnj kjl gn élbmkg bg pnfstmkmbfb supgrmjr f 43, kjltglmbj bg `uigbfb supgrmjr fn 23% y rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtg igljr fn 47.3 aSf gl kjlbmkmûl lj brglfbf. Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

Rmpj [28 Kjlbmkmjlgs Gxkgpkmjlfngs Gxkgpkmjlfngs [g rgomgrg f njs sugnjs qug rfrf vgz sjl ongxmdngs y bg njs nuefrgs qug kugltgl kjl nfs kjlbmkmjlgs bgsofvjrfdngs bgsofvjrfdngs gl njs fspgktjs egjnûemkjs y tjpjeræomkjs, pjr nj qug sg lgkgsmtf rgfnmzfr ul gstubmj gspgkéomkj mlsmtu. Gl kfsj gn Gstubmj bg Igkælmkf bg [ugnjs (GI[) mlbmkfrf qug gs lgkgsfrmj tjifr gl kugltf ul sugnj tmpj [2, sg bgdgræ rgfnmzfr nj smeumgltg8

f) Sfræ Sfræig igtr trjs js bg sm smtm tmjj [g bgdg tglgr gl kugltf gn tmpj bg sugnj qug bgskrmdf ighjr nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs y kjlbmkmjlgs bgn nuefr bg gstubmj, utmnmzflbj vfnjrgs sgeøl gn ofktjr bg fipnmomkfkmûl bgn sugnj [ y bg njs pgréjbjs RS y RN. Rfdnf 60  Ofktjr bgn [ugnj Ofktjr bg [ugnj ([) [ugnj 9 [j [ugnj 9 [6

Xjlf X92 X9; 3.03 X94 X96 Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg

6.33

[ugnj 9 [4 6.37 6.67 6.43 6.?3

[ugnj 9 [; 6.63 6.43 6.23 4.33

 

24 Rfdnf 6=  Sgrmjbjs bg Sgromn bg [ugnj Sgrmjbjs Rp (s) RN (s)

Sgrmjbjs „Rp’ - „RN’ Sgromn 9 [j Sgromn 9 [6 Sgromn 9 [4 3.; 3.2 3.? ;.3 4.7 4.3

Sgromn 9 [; 6.3 6.?

Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg

d) Ofktj Ofktjrr bg fip fipnmo nmomkf mkfkmû kmûl l sé sésim simkf kf (K) (K) Dfsælbjsg gl nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs bg nf zjlf bg gstubmj, sg bgtgrimlf gn ofktjr bg fipnmomkfkmûl sésimkf (K) bg nf smeumgltg iflgrf8 Rfdnf 43  Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf R>Rp K 9 4.7 Rp > R > RN R < RN

K 9 4.7 x (Rp/R) K 9 4.7 x ((Rp xRN) / R4)

Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Bjlbg R gs gn Sgréjbj y gn K gs Kjgomkmgltg, gn kufn sg rgomgrg f nf fipnmomkfkmûl bg nf fkgngrfkmûl gstrukturfn rgspgktj bg nf fkgngrfkmûl gl gn sugnj.

4. 4.4. 4.=. =. Bmsg Bmsgöj öj Gstr Gstruk uktu turf rfnn Gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn nj pjbgijs bgomlmr kjij ulf bg nfs gspgkmfnmbfbgs bg nf Mleglmgréf Kmvmn gl bjlbg sg gogktøf f pfrtmr bg nfs kufnmbfbgs qug pugbg drmlbfr ul iftgrmfn, fsé kjij nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs lfturfngs nj kufn nj `fkgl gspgkmomkj, gkjlûimkj y ng drmlbf prjpmgbfbgs igkælmkfs.

f) Kjlkg lkgpt ptjs js d dææsm smkkjs Nf rgsmstglkmf bg bmsgöj gs tfidmíl kjljkmbj kjij nf rgsmstglkmf ljimlfn bg kfbf gngigltj, nj kufn gstf ijbmomkfbj pjr gn ofktjr bg rgbukkmûl f nf rgsmstglkmf sgeøl sgf nf sjnmkmtfkmûl, gl gsg sgltmbj tglgijs trgs bmsgöjs bg rgsmstglkmf, r gsmstglkmf, nj kufngs sjl nfs smeumgltgs8 Ongxmûl Kjrtfltg Fxmfn

8 8 8

Il ≧ Iu _l ≧ _u Sl ≧ Su

 

2; Njs ofktjrgs bg rgbukkmûl qug sjl iglkmjlfbjs fltgrmjrigltg gstæl bgskrmtjs gl nf ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj, sgeøl sgf nf sjnmkmtfkmûl bgn gngigltj gstrukturfn. Rfdnf 46  Ofktjrgs bg rgbukkmûl bg rgsmstglkmf [jnmkmtfkmjlgs

Ofktjr bg Tgbukkmûl

Ongxmûl sml kfref Fxmfn

3.=3

Kfref Fxmfn bg trfkkmûl kjl j sml ogxmûl

3.=3

Gngigltjs kjl rgugrzj gl gspmrfn

3.57

Kjrtfltg y tjrsmûl

3.07

Ongxjkjiprglsmûl pugbg fuigltfr nmlgfnigltg

3.=3

Fpnfstfimgltj gl gn kjlkrgtj

3.53

Xjlfs bg flknfhg pjstglsfbj

3.07

Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj F su vgz, bgdgijs tglgr gl kugltf qug gn fkgrj gs ulj bg njs iftgrmfngs mipjrtfltgs  pfrf tglgr ul bmsgöj gstrukturfn fbgkufbj, nj kufn fyubf f bfr rgsmstglkmf y sgeurmbfb f nf gstrukturf. Gs pjr gnnj qug pfrf kfbf gngigltj gstrukturfn sg bgdg kjnjkfr nf kufltéf bg fkgrj rgqugrmbf, pfrf gnnj bgdgijs tglgr prgsgltg njs bmæigtrjs y sgkkmjlgs (ki4) qug gxmstgl bg nfs bmogrgltgs vfrmnnfs bg fkgrj kjrruefbj. Rfdnf 44 [gkkmjlgs bg _frmnnfs bg Fkgrj Ð bg _frmnnf Ð 6/2’ 0 ii Ð ;/0’ Ð 6/4’ Ð 7/0’ Ð ;/2’ Ð 6’ 6 6/0’ Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Fs(ki4) 3.;4 3.73 3.56 6.4= 4.33 4.02 7.63 ?.27

 

d) Bm Bmsg sgöj öj Nj Njsf sfss fn fnme megr grfb fbfs fs Nfs njsfs fnmegrfbfs, gn kufn gstæ kjlojrifbj pjr nfs vmeugtfs, njsmtf qug pjr nj eglgrfn tmglgs ul gspgsjr bg 7 ki, nfbrmnnjs bg tgk`j j `ugkjs y rgougrzjs. Sfrf su bmsgöj sg bgdg gvfnufr gn kjipjrtfimgltj qug tmglgl nfs vmeugtfs, nfs kufngs sg kjipjrtfl kjij sm ougrf ulf vmef R. Fbgiæs, bgdgijs tglgr gl kugltf qug nf bmstflkmf gltrg ghgs bg nfs vmeugtfs gs bg 23 ki.

 Omeurf =. Kjlkgptufnmzf Kjlkgptufnmzfkmûl kmûl bg njsf Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbj pjr njs Futjrgs Sfrf flfnmzfr nf njsf fnmegrfbf sg tjif kjij sm ougrf ulf vmef gl ojrif bg R, sml gidfrej, sg kjlsmbgrf kjij sm ougrf bg ojrif rgktfleunfr, gstj bgdmbj qug gn fnf gs sjnj bg 7 ki, nj kufn lj eglgrf lmleulf ijbmomkfkmûl fn bmsgöfrnj pjr ongxmûl.

 Omeurf 63. _meugtf tmpj R Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbj pjr njs Futjrgs b9 Sg Sgrf rfnt ntgg gogkt ogktmv mvjj bbgg nf vmeu meugtf  dw 9 Flk`j bgn fnif bg nf vmeugtf

 

 d 9

Flk`j bg nf vvmeugtf meugtf

@9

Fnturf

Bmsgöj pjr Ongxmûl Gn ijigltj rgqugrmbj (Iu) bgdg sgr igljr meufn fn Ijigltj ljimlfn (Il) kjl fpnmkfkmûl bgn ofktjr ofktjr bg rgbukkmûl ( ) Il ≧ Iu

Bjlbg gn ijigltj ljimlfn (Il) gs nf smeumgltg ojriunf8 Il 9 Fs * oy * (b -

Fs 9 Ær Ærgf gf rgqu rgqugr grmb mbjj bbgg fkg fkgrj rj oy9 oy9 Tg Tgsm smst stgl glkm kmff bbgg nf nf oonu nugl glkm kmff bbgn gn fkgr fkgrjj f9

Fn Fntu turf rf gl dnj dnjqug qug bg gso soug ugrz rzjj gl

kjiprg kji prglsm lsmûl ûl b 9 Sgr Sgrfnt fntgg ggogk ogktmv tmvjj bg nf vme vmeugt ugtff Bjlbg „f’ gs meufn f8 f9

Fs 9 Ær Ærgf gf rgqu rgqugr grmb mbjj bbgg fkg fkgrj rj oy9 oy9

Tg Tgsm smst stgl glkm kmff bg onug onuglk lkmf mf bg bgnn fkgr fkgrjj

o”k 9 Tgs Tgsmst mstgl glkmf kmf bg nf kkjip jiprgs rgsmûl mûl bgn kjl kjlkrg krgtj tj  d 9

Flk`j bg nf vmeu vmeugtf gtf

Bmsgöj pjr kjrtg Sfrf `fnnfr nf rgsmstglkmf bg kjrtg bgn kjlkrgtj (_k), gn kufn lj sg bgdg tglgr gl kugltf gn fpjrtgg bgn fkgrj bgd fpjrt bgdmbj mbj qug gl nfs vmeug vmeugtfs tfs qug sg glku glkugltrf gltrf gl nf njsf fnmeg fnmegrfbf rfbf lj kugltfl kjl gstrmdjs. Fbgiæs, gl nf ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj sg `fkg iglkmûl qug nf

 

rgsmstglkmf f nf ougrzf bg kjrtg sg pjbræ fuigltfr ul 63%, gs pjr gnnj qug pfrf `fnnfr nf rgsmstglkmf bg nf kjrtfltg bgn kjlkrgtj sg bgtgrimlf bg nf smeumgltg iflgrf8

o” o”kk 9  dw 9

Tg Tgsm smst stgl glkm kmff bbgg kkji jipr prgs gsmû mûll bbgn gn kjlk kjlkrg rgtj tj Flk`j bgn fnif bg nf vmeugtf

b9

Sgrfntg gogktmvj bg nf vmeugtf

Tgougrzj bg tgipgrfturf t gipgrfturf Sfrf nf njsf fnmegrfbf sg bgdg kjnjkfr ul fifnnf bg fkgrj gl nf pfrtg supgrmjr, sgeøl nf ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj, sg bgdg utmnmzfr ulf kufltéf bg fkgrj bg p 9 3.3360. [g rgkjimglbf qug nfs vfrmnnfs bg fkgrj kjrruefbj qug sg bgdg utmnmzfr gs bg ¾’ pfrf tgipgrfturf. Rfdnf 4; Kufltéf bg ulf njsf sgeøl gn rgougrzj Rmpj bg dfrrf

p

Dfrrfs Nmsfs

3.3347

Dfrrfs kjrruefbfs kjl y > 243 ISf

3.3343

Dfrrfs kjrruefbfs j ifnnf bg fnfidrg (nmsj j kjrruefbj) bg mltgrsgkkmjlgs sjnbfbfs, kjl y ≧ 243 ISf

3.3360

Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj

k) Bm Bmsg sgöj öj bg Njs Njsff If Ifkm kmzf zf y Gs Gskf kfng ngrf rf Bmsgöj pjr ongxmûl Sfrf gn rgougrzj rgougrzj pjr ongxm ongxmûl ûl sg rgkjimg rgkjimglbf lbf kfnku kfnkunfr nfr pjr sgktjrg sgktjrgss bg 6.33 its bg flk`j, flk`j, nugej sg tjif njs nmlgfimgltjs bg fkgrj iélmij qug sg mlbmkf gl nf Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj, nf kufn gs nf smeumgltg8 Fs iml 9 3.3360 * d * `  d 9

Flk`j bg bms bmsgöj göj (6.33 its)

`9

Gspgsjr bg nf njsf

 

[g fkjlsghf qug gn fkgrj iélmij rgqugrmbj bgdg rgkjrrgr nfs bjs bmrgkkmjlgs bg nf njsf, kjnjkælbjnj gl bjs kfpfs. Fbgiæs, gn gspfkmfimg gspfkmfimgltj ltj kjnjkfbj bg nfs vfrmnnfs bg fkgrj lj bgdg sgr ifyjr f 27 ki j trgs tr gs vgkgs gn gspgsjr bg nf njsf.

Bmsgöj pjr kjrtg Nf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtg bgn kjlkrgtj bg nf njsf ifkmzf, gs sgighfltg f nj mlbmkf pfrf nf njsf fnmegrfbf, gxkgptj qug lj sg mlbmkf gl nf ljrif ul fuigltj bgn 63% kjij gl gn kfsj bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf, pjr nj kufn gs prgkmsfbf pjr8

o”k 9

Tgsmstglkmf bg kjiprgsmûl bgn kjlkrgtj

 d 9 Flk`j bg nf Njsf Ifkmzf b9

Sgrfntg gogktmvj bg nf Njsf Ifkmzf

Tgougrzj bg tgipgrfturf Nf njsf ifkmzf kugltf kjl vfrmnnfs bg fkgrj gl nfs bmrgkkmjlgs, pjr glbg, nf frifburf pugbg jkupfr nf oulkmûl bgn fkgrj bg tgipgrfturf, pjr nj qug lj gs lgkgsfrmj kfnkunfrnj. Fbgiæs, fsé gvmtfijs sjdrg kfrefr nf njsf kjl vfrmnnfs.

b) Bmsgöj b bgg _mef Nfs vmefs sjl gngigltjs gstrukturfngs `jrmzjltfngs, nfs kufn sg pugbg bmsgöfr pjr ongxmûl y kjrtg.

Bmsgöj pjr ongxmûl Sfrf gn kfsj bg nf ongxmûl, njs gngigltjs gstæl suhgtjs f sus sgkkmjlgs trflsvgrsfngs, trflsvgrsfngs, nj kufn bgdgl kuipnmr nfs kjlbmkmjlgs bg kjipftmdmnmbfb y gqumnmdrmj gl nfs bgojrifkmjlgs, sg gxprgsf bg nf smeumgltg ojrif8 Il ≧ Iu

Il 9 Ijigltj ljimlfn Iu 9 Ijigltj rgqugrmbj 9 Ofktjr bg rgbukkmûl

 

 Omeurf 66. [gkkmûl bg _mef Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbj pjr njs Futjrgs

b9

Sgrfntg gogktmvj bg nf vmef

 d 9

Flk`j bg nf vme vmeff

`9

Fnturf

Nfs sjnmkmtfkmjlgs vfl eglgrf gsougrzjs, nfs kufngs kjlbukgl fn bmsgöj bg nfs sgkkmjlgs, bjlbg gn ijigltj ljimlfn j ijigltj rgsmstgltg sg gxprgsf bg nf smeumgltg iflgrf8

Il 9 Fs * oy * (b -

Fs 9

Ærgf rgqugrmbj bbgg ffkkgrj

oy 9

Tgsm smst stgglkmf bg onug onuglk lkmf mf bgn bgn fkg fkgrj

f9

Fnturf gl dnjqug bg gsougrzj gl

kjiprglsmûl b 9

Sgrfntg gogktmvj

Sfrf nfs sgkkmjlgs rgktfleunfrgs y sgkkmjlgs tmpj R, gn fkgrj iélmij bg rgougrzj pjr trfkkmûl, sg ojriunf gl nfs smeumgltgs gxprgsmjlgs8

Fs iml 9

1

Fs iml 9

)

 d 9 b9

Flk`j bg vmef Sgrfntg gogktmvj

o” o”kk 9

Tgsm Tgsmst stgl glkm kmff gl kjip kjiprg rgls lsmû mûll bbgn gn kjl kjlkr krgt gtjj

)

 

oy9 oy9

Tgsmstglkmf bg onuglkmf bgn fkgrj

Tgspgktj fn fkgrj iæxmij, gs gn 57% bgn fkgrj dfnflkgfbj Fs ifx 9 3.57 .57 * φφdd * d * b 1

Fs ifx

* d*b

9

 9

3.07 3.07 ‛ 3.33 3.3300 (o”k (o”k -;3) -;3),, sml sml gi gidf dfre rej8 j8 3. 3.?7 ?7 >

o” o”kk 9

Tgsm Tgsmst stgl glkm kmff gl kjip kjiprg rgls lsmû mûll bg bgnn kjl kjlkr krgt gtjj

oy9 oy9

Tgsmstglkmf bg onuglkmf bgn fkgrj

 d 9

Flk`j bg vmef

b9

Sgrfntg gogktmvj

φd 9

Kufltéf dfnflkgfbf

> 3. 3.07 07

Bmsgöj pjr kjrtg Nf ljrif G.3?3 gspgkmomkf qug nf kjrtfltg ljimlfn (_l) kjl gn ofktjr bg rgbukkmûl ( bgdg sgr ifyjr meufn f nf kjrtfltg untmif (_u). _l ≧ _u

Bjlbg8 _l 9 _s + _k

_l 9

Kjrtfltg ljimlfn

_s 9

Kjrtf jrtflt ltgg bg bgn fkg fkgrj rj trf trfls lsvg vgrs rsffn fn fn

kjrt kjrtgg _k _k 9

Kj Kjrt rtfl fltg tg ppjr jr gn kjlk kjlkrg rgtj tj

Fbgiæs, nf rgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj, gstæ bfbj pjr8

o” o”kk 9

Tg Tgsm smst stgl glkm kmff bbgg kkji jipr prgs gsmû mûll bbgn gn kjlk kjlkrg rgtj tj

 d 9

Flk`j bg vmef

b9

Sgrfntg gogktmvj bg nf vmef

 

Nf kjrtfltg bg fkgrj trflsvgrsfn tr flsvgrsfn fn kjrtg sg kfnkunf bg nf smeumgltg iflgrf8

_s 9

Kj Kjrt rtfl fltg tg bgn bgn fkg fkgrj rj trfl trflsv svgr grsf sfnn fn fn kjr kjrtg tg

Fv 9

Ær Ærgf gf bgn bgn fkg fkgrj rj bg rgou rgougr grzj zj trfl trflsv svgr grsf sfnn ffnn

kjrtg b 9Sgrfntg gogktmvj bg nf vmef s9

Gspfkmfimgltj bg bgn rg rgougrzj tr trflsvgrs rsffn

Gspfkmfimgltj bg gstrmdjs Gl nf ljrif bg kjlkrgtj Frifbj, kfpmtunj 46, mlbmkfl fneuljs nmlgfimgltjs pfrf gn bmsgöj sésimkj bg kjrtg y kjlomlfimgltj pfrf vmefs. Gs pjr gnnj qug mlbmkf gn iélmij bg bmæigtrj usfbj pfrf njs gstrmdjs bg fkugrbj f nfs vfrmnnfs njlemtubmlfngs. Rfdnf 42  Bmæigtrj bg vfrmnnfs pfrf gstrmdjs bg _mef Gstrmdj (ð)

_frmnnf Njlemtubmlfn (ð)

0 ii

7/0"

;/0"

6"

6/4"

Ifyjrgs bg 6"

Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj

Fbgiæs, sg rgkjimglbf gn gspfkmfimgltj iæxmij qug bgdgl tglgr njs gstrmdjs bg ulf vmef sésimkf, nj kufn sg bgdg tglgr njs smeumgltgs krmtgrmjs8 Sfrf njs bjs gxtrgijs bg nf vmef sg bgdg kjnjkfr gstrmdjs bg kjlomlfimgltj. Bjlbg gn  prmigr gstrmdj bg kjlomlfimgltj bgdg gstf bmstflkmfbj bg nf kfrf bgn gngigltj bg fpjyj lj iæs f 63 ki. Fbgiæs, njs gstrmdjs bg kjlomlfimgltj lj bgdgl supgrfr su gspfkmfimg gspfkmfimgltj ltj f8

- b/2, lj `fkg ofntf qug gn gspfkmfimgltj sgf igljr f 67 ki - 63 vgkgs gn Ð bg nf vfrmnnf bg fkgrj njlemtubmlfn kjlomlfbf kjl igljr Ð.

 

- 42 vgkgs gn Ð bg nf vfrmnnf bg fkgrj bgn gstrmdj bg kjlomlfimgltj - ;3 ki.

Gl gn kfsj bg njs gstrmdjs qug lj sg glkugltrf gl gn kjlomlfimgltj, lj bgdgræl gstfr  gspfkmfbjs f iæs bg 3.7b f nj gxtglsj bg nf vmef.

g) Bm Bmssgö göjj bg Kj Kjnu nuil ilff Nfs kjnuilfs sjl gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs, qug fn meufn qug nfs pnfkfs, sg glkfrefl bg nngvfr  nfs kfrefs bg nfs vmefs `fkmf njs kmimgltjs, fyubflbj nf gstrukturf f kjltrjnfr njs bgspnfzfimgltjs bgspnfzfimgl tjs nftgrfngs.

Bmsgöj pjr Ongxjkjiprgsmûl Ongxjkjiprgsmûl Wlmfxmfn Nfs kjnuilfs sg glkugltrfl fogktfbjs pjr nfs kfrefs fxmfngs, gs pjr gnnj qug njs gsougrzjs bg kjiprgsmûl bg kjlsmbgrfkmûl fogktfl su kjipjrtfimgltj orgltg f nfs sjnmkmtfkmjlgs bg ijigltj. F gstg `gk`j smiuntælgj bg kfrefs fxmfngs y ijigltjs ongktjrgs sg ng bgljimlf kjij ongxjkjiprgsmûl. F nf kurvf qug rgnfkmjlf smiuntælgfigltg nf rgsmstglkmf bg ongxmûl y nf rgsmstglkmf bg kjiprgsmûl bg ulf kjnuilf sg ng bgljimlf kjij bmferfif bg mltgrfkkmûl.

 Omeurf 64. Bmferfif bg Mltgrfkkmûl Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj

Gl gn frtékunj 63.=.6 63.=.6 bgn kfpétun kfpétunjj 63 bg Kjlkrg Kjlkrgtj tj Frifbj, Frifbj, sg `fkg iglkmûl iglkmûl njs néimtgs pfrf nf kufltéf bg fkgrj njlemtubmlfn qug bgdg tglgr ulf kjnuilf, gs pjr gnnj qug sg mlbmkf qug nf kufltéf iélmif gs bg 3.36 pfrf `fkgr orgltg njs gogktjs bg onuhj pnæstmkj gl gn kjlkrgtj y nf kufltéf iæxmif gs bg 3.3? pfrf prgvglmr kjlegstmjlgs bg fkgrj gl gn gngigltj.

 

Siml 9 6% Siml 9 ?%

Gogktjs bg gsdgntgz Sfrf bmsgöfr nf kjnuilf bgdgijs bgdgijs fsuimr nf gxkgltrmkmbfb gxkgltrmkmbfb bg bmsgöj I/S, nfs kufngs  pjbréfl fuigltfr pjr nf kurvfturf bgn gngigltj, sml gidfrej, gstj bgpglbg bg nf gsdgntgz bg nf kjnuilf. Gl nf ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj sg pnfltgf pnfltgf bjs jpkmjlgs pfrf pfrf gvfnufr  gstjs gogktjs, gn kufn bgpglbg sm gn gltrgpmsj bjlbg bjlbg sg glkugltrf smtufbf nf kjnuilf  prgsgltf j lj bgspnfzfimgltj bgspnfzfimgltj nftgrfn kjlsmbgrfd kjlsmbgrfdng. ng. Gl gn kfpétunj 63, frtmkunj 63.66.2, bjlbg sg mlbmkf qug sg pugbg kjlsmbgrfr qug ul gngigltj sml bgspnfzfimgltj `jrmzjltfn kuflbj fn rgfnmzfr gn flænmsms bg sgeulbj pnflj, gn fuigltj bg njs ijigltjs bg njs gxtrgijs bgn gngigltj lj pfsf gn 7%, bgn flænmsms bg  prmigr pnflj `fkmf njs imsijs ijigltjs. Nf sgeulbf jpkmûl rgomgrg qug, sm gn élbmkg bg gstfdmnmbfb bgn gltrgpmsj gs igljr fn ?%, gn gngigltj sg pugbg tjifr kjij frrmjstrfbf. Sfrf nfs kjnuilfs sml bgspnfzfimgltj nftgrfn, gl kfpétunj 63, frtmkunj 63.64.4 bg nf ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj, sg iglkmjlf qug sg pugbg jimtmr njs gogktjs bg gsdgntgs, sm gl kfsj kuipnf nj smeumgltg8

I69 Iji Ijigl gltj tj igljr bg ulj bg njs gxtrg gxtrgij ijss bg nf kj kjnui nuilf lf gl su bmsgöj. bmsgöj. Gs  pjsmtmvj sm nf kjnuilf gstæ ongxmjlflbj kjl ulf kurvf smipng y gs lgeftmvj kuflbj gxmstg bjs kurvfs. I49 Ijigltj ifyjr gl gn bmsgöj bg ulj bg njs gxtrgijs bg nf kjnuilf, gn kufn bgdg sgr pjsmtmvj. A 9 Ofktjr bg njlemtub gogktmvf. Sfrf nf kjnuilf sml bgspnfzfimgltj nftgrfn sg rgkjimglbf fsuimr a 9 6. nu 9

Njlemtub sml frrmjstrg gl nf kjnuilf.

r9

Tfbmj bg rjtfkmûl bg nf sgkkmûl trflsvgrsfn bg nf kjnuilf.

 

Sfrf kjnuilfs qug tmglgl bgspnfzfimgltj nftgrfn, sgeøl gn frtékunj 63.6;.4 bg nf ljrif bg G.3?3, `fkg rgogrglkmf qug sg pugbgl bgsprgkmfr njs gogktjs bg gsdgntgz, pfrf nfs gstrukturfs qug tmglgl ul bgspnfzfimgltj nftgrfn, sm sg kuipng8

A9

Ofktj Ofktjrr bg njl njlemt emtub ub gog gogktm ktmvf vf.. Sf Sfrf rf nfs gs gstru truktu kturfs rfs sml bgspnf bgspnfzf zfimg imgltj ltj nft nftgrf grfnn sg  pugbg fsuimr a 9 6.

nu 9

Njlemtub sml frrmjstrg gl nf kjnuilf.

r9

Tfbmj bg rjtfkmûl bg nf sgkkmûl trflsvgrsfn bg nf kjnuilf.

Bmsgöj pjr kjrtg Nf ljrif bg kjlkrgtj Frifbj prjpjlg pfrf njs gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs sjigtmbjs f kjiprgsmûl fxmfn nf smeumgltg oûriunf, y fsé pjbgr gstmifr nf pfrtmkmpfkmûl bgn kjlkrgtj f nf rgsmstglkmf pjr kjrtg.



9

Kfref ref F Fxxmfn mfn gl gl aamn mnje jerf rfi ijs js..

 dw 9 Flk`j bgn fni fniff bg nf kjnuilf Fe 9

Ærgf rgf ddru rutf tf bg nf nf ssggkkmû kmûl ggll i ii i4.

b9

Bmst Bmstfl flkm kmff bg bgsb sbgg ggnn gxtrg gxtrgij ij bg nf kj kjnu nuil ilff gl gl kji kjipr prgl glsm smûl ûl `fs `fstf tf gn gn kgltrjmbg.

Nfs kjnuilfs bgdgl tglgr gstrmdjs kjij rgougrzj pjr kjrtg kjij nfs vmefs gl tjbj gn trfij. Gs pjr gnnj qug gn bmstflkmfimgltj y nf rgsmstglkmf rgqugrmbf, sg kfnkunf bg nf smeumgltg iflgrf8

_s 9

 

_s 9

Kj Kjrt rtfl fltg tg bgn bgn fkg fkgrj rj trfl trflsv svgr grsf sfnn fn fn kjr kjrtg tg

Fv 9

Ær Ærgf gf bg bgnn fk fkgr grjj bbgg rgo rgoug ugrz rzjj tr trfl flsv svgr grsf sfnn fn kj kjrt rtgg

b9

Bmst Bmstfl flkm kmff bbgs gsbg bg gn gxtrg gxtrgij ij bg nf kj kjnu nuil ilff gl gl kji kjipr prgl glsm smûl ûl `f `fst stff gn gn

kgltrjmbg s 9 Gspfkmfimgltj bgn rgoug rgougrzj rzj trflsvgrsf trflsvgrsfnn [g bgdg kuipnmr pfrf tjbfs nfs kjidmlfkmjlgs8 _l ≧ _u

bjlbg _l 9 _k + _s _l 9

Kjrtfltg lljjimlfn

_s 9

Kj Kjrt rtfl fltg tg bgn bgn fkg fkgrj rj trfl trflsv svgr grsf sfnn fn fn kjr kjrtg tg

_k 9

Kjrtfltg ppjjr gn gn kj kjlkrgtj

Fbgiæs, nf ljrif bg kjlkrgtj frifbj mlbmkf pfræigtrjs pfrf gn bmsgöj sésimkj pjr  kjrtg gl nf kjnuilf, kjl gn oml bg fpjrtfrng ul kjipjrtfimgltj bøktmn gl gn ijigltj bg ul ijvmimgltj sésimkj.

 Omeurf 6;. Ougrzf kjrtfltg bg bmsgöj bg kjnuilf Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj

 

Gspfkmfimgltj bg gstrmdjs Gl kfpétunj 46 bg nf ljrif bg kjlkrgtj Frifbj, sg mlbmkfl fneuljs nmlgfimgltjs pfrf gn bmsgöj sésimkj bg kjrtg y kjlomlfimgltj pfrf kjnuilfs. Gs pjr gnnj qug mlbmkf gn iélmij bg bmæigtrj usfbj pfrf njs gstrmdjs bg fkugrbj f nfs vfrmnnfs njlemtubmlfngs. Rfdnf 47  Bmæigtrj bg vfrmnnfs pfrf gstrmdjs bg kjnuilf Gstrmdj (ð)

_frmnnf Njlemtubmlfn (ð)

0 ii

7/0"

;/0"

6"

6/4"

Ifyjrgs bg 6"

Ougltg8 Ljrig bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj

Fbgiæs, mlbmkf gn gspfkmfimgltj j bmstflkmfimgltj iæxmij qug bgdg tglgr njs gstrmdjs bg ulf vmef pgrfntfbf j ulf vmef sésimkf, nj kufn sjl njs smeumgltgs8 Sfrf kfbf gxtrgij bg nf kjnuilf, tfltj mlogrmjr kjij supgrmjr sg bgdg kjnjkfr gstrmdjs bg kjlomlfimgltj. Gn gspfkmfimgltj lj bgdg pfsfr bg8 - 0 vgkgs gn Ð igljr bg nf vfrmnnf njlemtubmlfn kjlomlfbf - Nf imtfb bg nf sgkkmûl igljr trflsvgrsfn bg nf kjnuilf - 63 ki.

Nf njlemtub lj bgdg sgr igljr bg8 - 6/? pfrtg bg nf nuz nmdrg bg nf kjnuilf - Nf sgkkmûl trflsvgrsfn kjl ifyjr bmiglsmûl gl nf kjnuilf - 73 ki.

Gl tjbj gn trfij bg nf kjnuilf, gn gspfkmfimgltj bg njs gstrmdjs, lj bgdg sgr ifyjr qug nf ougrzf kjrtfltg rgqugrmbf j bg ;3 ki.

 

4.4.63. 4.4. 63. Igtrf Igtrfbjs bjs Kuflbj `fdnfijs bg igtrfbj ljs rgogrmijs f nf ojrif bg igbmkmûl bgn kjlsuij bg iftgrmfngs j kfltmbfb bg trfdfhj qug sg vf rgfnmzfr. Nfs ulmbfbgs f utmnmzfr gl nf ifyjréf bg vgkgs sjl amnjerfij, i4, i;, pmg4, ulb., pmgzf gltrg jtrfs qug pugbf bgomlmr kjrrgktfigltg gn igtrfbj. Sjbgijs bgkmr qug gn igtrfbj gs ulf iflgrf bg jreflmzfkmûl bg njs bftjs jdtglmbjs igbmfltg ngkturfs fkjtfbfs, gskfnfbfs.

Kfrfktgréstmkfs [g bgdg Rglgr gl kugltf qug tjbjs njs pnfljs gstrukturfngs tfngs kjij pnflj bg kmigltfkmûl, pnflj bg vmefs, pnflj bg kjnuilfs, pnflj bg njsfs gltrg jtrjs, bgdgl gstfr  bgdmbfigltg gluigrfbjs y fkjtfbjs, gl kfsj kjltrfrmj lj sg pugbg kjltmlufr. Fltgs bg kjiglzfr kjl gn igtrfbj, gl gstg kfsj bg fkgrj, sg bgdg gstubmfr y gltglbgr njs pnfljs gstrukturfngs kjl sus gspgkmomkfkmjlgs tíklmkfs bgskrmtfs rgspgktmvfigltg. Gn jrbgl gs mipjrtfltg, gs pjr gnnj sg bgdg sgeumr nj gspgkmomkfbj gl gn Tgenfigltj bg Igtrfbjs pfrf Jdrfs bg Gbmomkfkmjlgs. [g bgdg ghgkutfr kjlsmbgrflbj gn prjkgbmimgltj kjlstruktmvj.

Srjkgsj bg Igtrfbj8 Srmigr Srm igrjj Sf Sfsj8 sj8 [g vgrmomkfræ bgtglmbfigltg tjbjs njs pnfljs kjl sus rgspgktmvfs gspgkmomkfkmjlgs gspgkmomkfkmjl gs tíklmkfs y bg glkjltrfrsg fneøl prjdngif sjnukmjlfrnj fltgs bg rgfnmzfr gn igtrfbj.

[geulbj Sfsj8 Wlf vgz bgspuís bg `fdgr `gk`j gn rgkjljkmimgltj f njs pnfljs y tjbf nf mlojrifkmûl lgkgsfrmf qug kjltmglg nfs gspgkmomkfkmjlgs tíklmkfs sg rgfnmzfræ ul gluigrfbj bg kfbf erupj qug kjlojrif gl nf ghgkukmûl bg jdrf kjij gl gstrukturfs, frqumtgkturf, fkfdfbjs, mlstfnfkmjlgs mlstfnfkmjlgs sflmtfrmfs y gníktrmkf.

Rgrkgr Sfsj8 Nugej bg bgomlmr bgomlmr njs erupjs qu qugg mltgrvmglgl gl nfs pfrtmbfs bg ghgkukmû ghgk ukmûll pfrf gn prjygktj, prjygktj, sg prjkgbg prjkgbg f gstfdngk gstfdngkgr gr nfs pfrtmbfs pfrtmbfs bg kfbf ulj bg nfs gspgkmfnmbfbgss qug ml gspgkmfnmbfbg mlonuygl onuygl burfltg nf ghg ghgkukmûl kukmûl bgn prjygktj, prjygktj, gn kufn sg gluigrf gl ojrif mlbgpglbmgltg, njs qug kjrrgspjlbgl f nfs pfrtmbfs bg gstrukturfs, frqumtgkturf y fkfdfbjs, mlstfnfkmjlgs gníktrmkfs, g mlstfnfkmjlgs sflmtfrmfs1 fbgiæs, fbmkmjlfnigltg sg  pugbg föfbmr fneulfs jdrfs kjipngigltfrmf kjipngigltfrmfss j gspgkmfngs bgn prjygktj gl ghgkukmûl, kjipftmdmnmzflbj gstg trfdfhj kjl gn rgenfigltj bg igtrfbjs pfrf jdrfs bg gbmomkfkmûl.

 

[g bgdgræ kjnjkfr nf kjrrgktf bgljimlfkmûl qug ng kjrrgspjlbg, gluigrflbj nfs  pfrtmbfs sgeøl gn rgenfigltj. Wlf rgkjiglbfk rgkjiglbfkmûl mûl gs bmogrglkmfr kfbf erupj igbmfltg kjnjrgs bg iflgrf qug sgf iuk`j iæs sglkmnnj fn ijigltj bg mbgltmomkfr j k`gqugfr gn igtrfbj rgfnmzfbj.

 Omeurf 62. Ojriftj pfr f Igtrfbj bg Fkgrj Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfkmûl Srjpmf

4.;.. Bgo 4.; Bgomlm mlmkmû kmûl lb bgg tíri tírimlj mljss d dæsm æsmkj kjss Fturf Gogktmvf8 Gs nf bmstflkmf nmdrg vgrtmkfn vgrtmkfn qug gxmstgl gltrg gltrg gngigltjs `jrmzjltfngs bg frrmjstrg.

Flænmsms Bmlæimkj8 Gs gn flænmsms bg nfs ougrzfs y fkgngrfkmjlgs qug pugbgl fpfrgk fpfrgkgr  gr  gl ulf gstrukturf kjij gogktj bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs j bgojrifkmjlgs.

Flænmsms Flænm sms Gstætmk Gstætmkjs8 js8 Gs gn flænmsms bg mbgfnmzfr njs smsijs kjij sm ougrfl ougrzfs `jrmzjltfngs sjdrg kfbf pmbj bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl.

Kfref8 [jl nfs ougrzfs u jtrfs fkkmjlgs qug sgfl gogktj bg ul gsougrzj rgsmstgltg pjr   pfrtg bg ulf gstrukturf, kjij njs pgsjs bg iftgrmfngs bg kjlstrukkmûl, bg pgrsjlfs kjl sus  pgrtglglkmfs y gogktjs gogktjs pjr pfrtg bg bgnn igbmj fidmgltg.

Kfref Iugrtf8 [jl kfrefs qug tmglgl kfræktgr bg pgriflgltg sjdrg nf gstrukturf. Gstjs pugbgl sgr njs pgsjs pgsjs bg iftgrmfngs, gqu gqumpjs, mpjs, iurj, kjnuilfs kjnuilfs,, vmefs, njsfs y gskfngrfs.

Kfref bg smsij8 [jl kfrefs j ougrzfs gvfnufbfs qug gstæl mlbmkfbfs gl nf ljrif G.3;3, pfrf gvfnufr nf fkkmûl y rgspugstf sésimkf bg ulf gstrukturf.

 

Kfref _mvf8 [jl kfrefs erfvmtfkmjlfngs prjdfdngs u jkfsmjlfngs qug sjl gn rgsuntfbj bgn usj bg nf gstrukturf. Gstg pugbg sgr gn pgsj bg nfs pgrsjlfs qug jkupfl, gqumpjs, iugdngs, gltrg jtrjs jdhgtjs qug sg pugbfl ijvgr.

Kmimgltjs8 Gs ul gngigltj gstrukturfn qug trflsimtgl nfs kfrefs bg nf gbmomkfkmûl j gngigltjs fpjyfbjs gl gnnf fn sugnj bg oulbfkmûl.

Kufltéf bg Fkgrj8 Kfltmbfb bg fkgrj gl gstrukturfs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj, dfsfbjs gl nf rgnfkmûl kjl rgspgktj fn kjlkrgtj. Bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf8 Gs nf vfrmfkmûl bg ojrif y bmiglsmûl bg ulf gstrukturf rgspgktj f su ojrif jrmemlfn. Gstj pugbg sgr prjvjkfbfs pjr bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg kfrefs.

Bgrmvfs8 [jl njs ijvmimgltjs nftgrfngs rgnftmvjs gltrg bjs pmsjs kjltmlujs bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl.

Bmferfif bg mltgrfkkmûl8 Tgprgsgltfkmûl eræomkf bgn kjipjrtfimgltj bg ul gngigltj gstrukturfn pfrf jdtglgr mlojrifkmûl igbmfltg pfræigtrjs.

Bmsgöj Bmsg öj gstr gstruktur ukturfn8 fn8 Gs bgomlmr nfs bmiglsmjlgs bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs qug kjlojrifl ulf gbmomkfkmûl y nf rgsmstglkmf bg gstjs fltg bmogrgltgs sjnmkmtfkmjlgs bg kfrefs. Gsougrzjs nmlgfngs8 [jl kfrefs j gsougrzj qug sg bfl gl njs ghgs kfrtgsmfljs P g ].

Gsougrzjs lj nmlgfngs8 [jl kfrefs qug prjbukgl bgojrifkmjlgs qug lj sjl kjlstfltgs y bgpglbg bg nf ifelmtub bgn gsougrzj fpnmkfbj.

Gstrukturfkmûl8 Gs prgkmsfr nfs bmiglsmjlgs bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl, gn kufn sg pugbg dfsfr bg nf frqumtgkturf bgomlmbf, gn kufn bgdg kuipnmr nfs sjnmkmtfltgs qug sg prgsgltg pfrf ul fbgkufbj kjipjrtfimg kjipjrtfimgltj. ltj.

Gtfds8 Srjerfif bmemtfn pfrf gvfnufkmûl bgn flænmsms gstrukturfn y bmiglsmjlfimgltj bg gngigltjs gstrukturfngs.

Ofktjr bg sgeurmbfb8 gs gn pfræigtrj gltrg gn vfnjr kfnkunfbj y gn vfnjr bgn rgqugrmimgltj gspgrfbj rgfn fn kufn sgræ sjigtmbj. Nuz nmdrg8 Bmstflkmf gltrg bjs fpjyjs. Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn8 Kænkunjs luiírmkjs pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn dfsfbjs gl ljrifs lfkmjlfngs g mltgrlfkmjlfng mltgrlfkmjlfngs. s.

Igtrfbj8 Gs nf kufltmomkfkmûl j suif bg ul iftgrmfn bg kjlstrukkmûl gl gspgkéomkj. Igtrfb Igt rfbjj bg Kfre Kfref8 f8 Gs nf kufltmomkfkmûl bg tjbfs nfs kfrefs fktufltgs sjdrg njs bmogrgltgs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs qug kjipjlgl ulf gbmomkfkmûl.

 

Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj8 Gs gn prjkgsj bg bmsgöfr j gngemr sgkkmjlgs, gn kufn sg pugbg mr pgrogkkmjlflbj rgspgktj f nf prjpugstf mlmkmfn, sg rgfnmzf prgvmj fn kænkunj bg bmiglsmjlfimgltjs bmiglsmjlfimgl tjs bg gstrukturfs `mpgrgstætmkfs `mpgrgstætmkfs..

Tgspugstf [ésimkf8 Gs gn kjipjrtfimgltj bg ulf gstrukturf j gngigltj gstrukturfn fltg ulf vmdrfkmûl prjbukmbf gl gn sugnj qug nf sjstmglg j fltg ul gvgltufn ijvmimgltj sésimkj.

_unlgrfdm _unlg rfdmnmbfb nmbfb [ésim [ésimkf8 kf8 Gs nf prgbmspjsmkmûl mltrélsgkf bg ulf gstrukturf f suormr  ofnnfs j bföjs fltg ul gvgltufn ijvmimgltj sésimkj. Gn kufn gs rgnfkmjlfbf kjl nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs bgn bföj jkfsmjlfbj y nf kjlstrukkmûl bg nf gstrukturf fogktfbf.

Xjlff bg mlo Xjl mlonug nuglk lkmf8 mf8 Nuefr bjlbg sg fpnmkf nf ifyjr kfltmbfb bg kfrefs, nj kufn eglgrf ul ifyjr mipfktj gl gn ærgf mlvjnukrfbf.

4.2. @mpûtgsms 4. 4.2. 2.6. 6. @m @mpû pûtg tgsm smss eglgr eglgrfn fn Gn rgsuntfbj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn gs iæs ûptmij rgspgktj bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds, pfrf ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif.

4.2.4. 4.2 .4. @mp @mpûtg ûtgsms sms gsp gspgk gkéom éomkfs kfs @6. Nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref mlonuyg gl nf bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn tfltj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds kjij gl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif.

@4. Gxmstgl kfidmjs iélmijs gl nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn fn kjipfrfr  njs flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlf trfbm kmjlfnn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgi sgimsûtf msûtflj lj udmkfbj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg sfl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif.

@;. Gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn kugltf kjl igljr kfltmbfb bg kufltéf bg fkgrj rgspgktj fn [jotwfrg Gtfds gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif.

 

?3

KFSÉRWNJ MMM IGRJBJNJEÉF ;.6. Bmsgöj ;.6.6. ;.6 .6. Rmp Rmpjj bg Ml Mlvgs vgstme tmefkm fkmûl ûl [geøll njs prjpû [geø prjpûsmtjs smtjs bg nf mlvgs mlvgstmefk tmefkmûl, mûl, tmglg ul gloj glojqug qug Fpnmkfbf, bgdmbj f qug sg gipngû njs kjljkmimgltjs tgûrmkjs fprglbmbj gl njs kursjs bg gstrukturfs bg nf kfrrgrf bg mleglmgréf kmvmn pfrf nngvfr f kfdj gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bgn gbmomkmj kjl kfbf iítjbj  prjpugstj, y fsé pjbgr rgfnmzfr nf kjipfrfkmûl kjl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn qug rgfnmzfrgijs utmnmzflbj gn sjotwfrg Gtfds.

;.6.4. ;.6 .4. Lmv Lmvgn gn bg Mlv Mlvgst gstmef mefkmû kmûl l Gn lmv lmvgn gn bg mlv mlvgs gstme tmefk fkmûl mûl gs Gxpnmkftmvf, yf qug bgskrmdmijs njs prjkgsjs gstrukturfngs  prjpugstjs, flfnmzfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn y kjipfrfr njs rgsuntfbjs bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn rgspgktj kjl njs rgsuntfbjs bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds, nj kufn ljs drmlbfræ bmogrgltgs rgsuntfbjs qug pjr nj qug nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl bfræ f kjljkgr nfs bmogrglkmfs qug sg iflmomgstfl gltrg fidjs bmsgöjs.

 

?6

;.6.;. ;.6 .;. Bms Bmsgöj göj bg MMlvg lvgstm stmefk efkmûl mûl Gn bmsgöj qug sg fpnmkû gl gstf mlvgstmefkmûl gs gn Lj Gxpgrmigltfn, bgdmbj qug lj vfijs f kjltrjnfr lm iflmpunfr nfs vfrmfdngs, pjr nj qug vfijs f jdsgrvfr y flfnmzfr njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs prjpugstjs pfrf gn gbmomkmj f gstubmfr. Fbgiæs, tmglg ul bmsgöj Rrflsvgrsfn, bgdmbj qug jdtuvmijs bftjs y gspgkmomkfkmjlgs pfrf kfbf kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn mlbmvmbufn gl ulf jkfsmûl ølmkf pfrf kfbf bmsgöj gstrukturfn prjpugstj. F su vgz, tglbræ ul gloj glojqu qugg Kuf Kufltm ltmtft tftmvf mvf  pjrqug jdtglbrgijs ulf mlojrifkmûl kjlkrgtf prjkgsfdng, gstjs bftjs sgræl gstrukturfbjs pfrf pjbgr nngefr f ulf kjlknusmûl iæs gogktmvf dfsfbj bftjs gstfbéstmkjs.

;.4. Iugstrf ;.4. ;.4.6. 6. Sj Sjdn dnfk fkmû mûl l Sfrf gstf mlvgstmefkmûl gn ulmvgrsj pjdnfkmjlfn gstæ kjlojrifbj pjr njs gbmomkmjs iuntmofimnmfrgs y kjigrkmfngs kjigrkmfngs bg kmlkj pmsjs ud udmkfbj mkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [f [fll Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, Srjvmlkmf y Bgpfrtfigltj bg Nmif.

;. ;.44.4. .4. Iu Iuggstr trff Sfrf nf mlvgstmefkmûl sg prgsgltf ul gbmomkmj „Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn’ bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj. Gstg prjygktj sg glkugltrf udmkfbj gl gn Bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, Srjvmlkmf y Bgpfrtfigltj bg Nmif.

;.4.;. ;.4 .;. Bgs Bgskr krmpk mpkmûl mûl bgn bgn kfsj b bgg gst gstubm ubmjj Gstf mlvgstmefkmûl sg mlmkmf kjl nf jdtglkmûl bg njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn Srjygktj „Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn’ rgfnmzfbj pjr gn frqumtgktj Nums Nnfkfs _mkuöf kjl rgemstrj K.F.S.  L³ 6?;6?, gn kufn mlknuyg njs pnfljs bg bmstrmdukmûl, pnfljs bg tgk`js, pnfljs bg kjrtgs y  pnfljs bg gngvfkmûl. Gn prjygktj kjltgipnf ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj, tglmglbj gn tgrrglj nf tjpjerfoéf pnflf kjl ojrif rgeunfr bgltrj bgn njtg ljriftmvj bg nf zjlf, kjl ul ærgf bg tgrrglj bg 423.33 i4. Gn tgrrglj pjsgg kjl nfs smeumgltgs bmiglsmjlg bmiglsmjlgs8 s8 Orgltg8 64.33 in

Nfrej8 43.33 in

 

[geøl njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs jdtglmbjs, gn sgimsûtflj kugltf kjl ul ærgf tgk`fbf bg 447.33 i4, fbgiæs bg kjltfr kjl nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl8 kmlkj gstfkmjlfimgltjs vg`mkunfrgs, ul ærgf bg iflmjdrf, ul kufrtj bg iæqumlfs y ul kufrtj bg djidgj, tglmglbj gn mlergsj igbmfltg ulf rfipf vg`mkunfr y ulf gskfngrf bg sgrvmkmj. Gn prmigr pmsj kugltf kjl ul ærgf tgk`fbf bg 6?7.33 i4, fbgiæs tmglg nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl8 gn mlergsj eglgrfn, nf kfhf bg gskfngrf kjiøl pfrf njs prjpmgtfrmjs bgn gbmomkmj y ul bgpfrtfigltj qug kugltf kjl nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl8 mlergsj, sfnf, kjigbjr, kjkmlf, bgpjsmtj, nfvflbgréf y  pnflk`fbj, dföj bg vmsmtf, bjs bjrimtjrmjs kjl dfö dföjj y knjsgt mlkjrpjrfbjs, bjs bjs bjrimtjrmjs kjl knjsgt, dföj eglgrfn y hfrbél. Bgn sgeulbj fn qumltj pmsj kugltf kjl ulf bmstrmdukmûl tépmkf, gn kufn gs nf smeumgltg8 nf kfhf bg gskfngrf kjiøl, ul pfsfbmzj kjiøl y bjs bgpfrtfigltjs kjl nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl pfrf tjbjs njs lmvgngs8 mlergsj, sfnf ‛ kjigbjr, kjkmlf, nfvflbgréf, bjrimtjrmj kjl knjsgt y dföj mlkjrpjrfbj, bjs bjrimtjrmjs kjl knjsgt y  dföj eglgrfn. Gn Gn ærgf tgk`fbf bg kfbf pmsj gs bg 656.26 i4. Nf fzjtgf tmglg ul ærgf jkupfbf bg 656.26 i4, y kufltf kjl nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl8 ulf zjlf bg tgrrfzf DDV, ulf sfnf bg hugej, ul bgpûsmtj, ulf pmskmlf bg 7.23 i4 y ul ærgf bg gspfrkmimgltj iøntmpng. iøntmpng. Kfdg bg iglkmjlf iglkmjlfrr qug gn ærgf tgk`fbf gs bg ul iftgrmfn nmvmflj, nmvmf lj, gn kufn sg trf trftf tf bg tgk`j tgk`j bg sjn y sjidr sjidrf. f. Tgsp Tgspgktj gktj f nf gngvfkm gngvfkmûl, ûl, gn prjygktj prjygktj mlmkmf f -6.43 i bgn lmvgn bg pmsj tgrimlfbj, gn prmigr pmsj kugltf kjl ulf fnturf gltrg pmsj f tgk`j bg 4.03 i, bgn sgeulbj fn qumltj pmsj kugltf kjl ulf fnturf gltrg pmsj f tgk`j bg 4.77 i. Fbgiæs, kfdg iglkmjlfr gn fkkgsj f njs bgpfrtfigltjs bg njs pmsjs supgrmjrgs y f nf fzjtgf sg `fkg igbmfltg igbmfltg nf kfhf bg gskfn gskfngrf grf kjiøl, kjiøl, gn kufn sg glkugltrf glkugltrf gl nf pfrtg orjltfn bgn gbmomkmj, qug vf bgsbg gn sgimsûtflj `fstf nf Fzjtgf.

 

 Omeurf 67. Snflj bg Gngvfkmûl Orjltfn Ougltg8 Snflj bg nf Gspgkmfnmbfb bg Frqumtgkturf bgn prjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn

 

 Omeurf 6?. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bgn [gimsûtflj Ougltg8 Snflj bg nf Gspgkmfnmbfb bg Frqumtgkturf bgn prjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn

 

 Omeurf 65. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bgn Srmigr Smsj Ougltg8 Snflj bg nf Gspgkmfnmbfb bg Frqumtgkturf bgn prjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn

 

 Omeurf 60. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bgn Smsj tépmkj (4³ fn 7³ pmsj) Ougltg8 Snflj bg nf Gspgkmfnmbfb bg Frqumtgkturf bgn prjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn

 

 Omeurf 6=. Snflj bg Bmstrmdukmûl bg nf Fzjtgf Ougltg8 Snflj bg nf Gspgkmfnmbfb bg Frqumtgkturf bgn prjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn

 

;. ;.;. ;. Ml Mlsstr trui uigglt ltjs js ;. ;.;;.6. .6. Rí Ríkklm lmkkf [g `f utmnmzfbj nf tíklmkf bg Efdmlgtg bgdmbj qug sg kjltû kjl njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn Srjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn, gn kufn gs utmnmzfbj kjij iugstrf pfrf nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl.

;.;.4.. Mlstr ;.;.4 Mlstruigl uigltjs tjs pfrf nf rgkjngkk rgkjngkkmûl mûl ‐Sfrf mlmkmfr nf mlvgstmefkmû mlvgstmefkmûll `gijs rgfnmzfbj nf rgkjngkkmûl bg mlojrifkmûl igbmfltg8

Iftgrmfn dmdnmjeræomkj [g nngvû f kfdj nf rgkjpmnfkmûl y rgvmsmûl bg nmdrjs gstrukturfngs, frtékunjs bg mlvgstmefkmûl, rgpjsmtjrmjs fkfbíimkjs, fkfbíimkjs, gstubmjs smimnfrgs j rgnfkmjlfbjs rgnfkmjlfbjs fn tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl, dnje bg mltgrlgt.

Kugstmjlfrmj pfrf nfs glkugstfs [g rgfnmzfrjl ulfs glkugstfs f sgms mleglmgrjs kmvmngs gstrukturfngs pfrf pjbgr jdtglgr  jpmlmjlgs g mlojrifkmûl vfrmfbf, pfrf bgtgrimlfr y vfnmbfr nf prjdngiætmkf g mipjrtflkmf bg nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl.

Ljrifs tíklmkfs pgruflfs Sfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn sg rgvmsû y gipngj nf ljrif G.343 ‛ Kfrefs, ljrif G.3;3 ‛  Bmsgöj [msijrgsmstgltg, ljrif G.3?3 ‛ Kjlkrgtj Frifbj y nf ljrif G.353 ‛ Fndfömngréf, kjl gn prjpûsmtj bg kuipnmr nfs kjlbmkmjlgs kjlbmkmjlgs y gxmeglkmfs iélmifs pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn.

Jdsgrvfkmûl [g flfnmzû njs prjkgsjs, kfrfktgréstmkfs gstrukturfngs y rgsuntfbjs bg kfbf bmsgöj prjpugstj gl nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl, y fsé mbgltmomkfr nfs bmogrglkmfs gl gn flænmsms, sésimkj, bmlæimkj, gstætmkj.

 

Omk`fs kjipfrftmvfs [g gnfdjrû omk`fs bg trfdfhj pfrf tglgr ul jrbgl, smltgtmzfr njs bftjs y prgsgltfr nf mlojrifkmûl bg ulf ojrif prgkmsf y gltglbmdng bg njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbjs gl nf kjipfrfkmûl bg njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs gl gstubmj.

Bmferfif bg Ms`mafwf [g jptû gl rgfnmzfr gn bmferfif bg Ms`mafwf gn kufn kjlsmstg gl smltgtmzfr y flfnmzfr  jrbglfbfigltg nfs bmogrgltgs tgjréfs g mbgfs bg nf mlojrifkmûl rgkjpmnfbf, y fsé pjbgr  bgtgrimlfr nf prjdngiætmkf kjl nf rgnfkmûl bg kfusf - gogktj.

;.;.;. ;.; .;. Mls Mlstru truigl igltjs tjs bg Srj Srjkg kgsfi sfimgl mgltj tj Sfrf prjkgsfr y jreflmzfr nf mlojrifkmûl bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn utmnmzfijs gn prjerfif Imkrjsjot Gxkgn, gn kufn gs ulf bg nfs `grrfimgltf iæs gipngfbfs  pjr gn mleglmgrj kmvmn, pjr su ofkmnmbfb gl rgfnmzfr eræomkjs gstfbéstmkjs, kænkunjs iftgiætmkjs, pnfltmnnfs bg bmsgöj y knfsmomkfkmûl bg bftjs gn kufn utmnmzfrgijs pfrf kfbf  prjkgbmimgltj gstrukturfn qug sg vf rgfnmzflbj. Fbgiæs, `gijs utmnmzfbj gn sjotwfrg gstrukturfn Gtfds v60.4 pfrf gn sgeulbj bmsgöj gxpgrmigltfn y pfrf flfnmzfr gn kjipjrtfimgltj sésimkj prjbukmbj prjbukmbj pj pjrr njs bg bgspnfzfimgltjs spnfzfimgltjs iæxmijs y gsougrzjs iæxmijs gl nfs gstrukturfs.

;. ;.2. 2. Sr Srjjkgb gbmi mimg mgl ltj ;.2.6. ;.2 .6. Snf Snfl l bg trfdfh trfdfhjj y fspgktj fspgktjss ítmkjs ítmkjs [g gstfdngkmû ul pnfl bg trfdfhj pfrf jreflmzfr, smltgtmzfr y rgfnmzfr nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl, kjl gn gn oml bg nngefr f ulf bmskusmûl bg rgsuntfbjs. Sfrf gnnj `gijs kjidmlfbj tfltj nfs dfsgs tg tgûrmkfs ûrmkfs gstruk gstrukturfngs turfngs fprgl fprglbmbfs bmbfs y gstfdngkmbfs kjl `grrfimgltfs tgkljnûemkfs kjij gn sjotwfrg Gtfds y gn prjerfif Imkrjsjot Gxkgn. Fbgiæs,  pfrf ulf kjrrgktf rgfnmzfkmûl bgn prjygktj gl gn bgsfrrjnnj bg njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs kjl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn y kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds sg smeumû nfs bmspjsmkmjlgs bg nfs ljrifs tíklmkfs pgruflfs gn kufn drmlbf njs fnkflkgs bg njs kjlbmkmjlgs y gxmeglkmfs iélmifs pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn. F su vgz, sg smeumû njs nmlgfimgltjs bg nfs ljrifs FSF, pfrf kmtfr nfs ougltgs bg dmdnmjeræomkfs tfngs kjij nfs gstubmjs smimnfrgs j rgnfkmjlfbjs fn tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl bg lugstrf tgsms.

 

;.2.4.. Tgkj ;.2.4 Tgkjngkk ngkkmûl mûl y prjk prjkgsfi gsfimgltj mgltj bg ml mlojrif ojrifkmûl kmûl [g jdtuvj njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs (pnfljs bg bmstrmdukmûl, pnfljs bg tgk`js, pnfljs bg kjrtgs y pnfljs bg gngvfkmûl) pfrf nf vgrmomkfkmûl bgn prjygktj, f su vgz sg rgkjpmnj nf mlojrifkmûl dmdnmjeræomkf y bg nfs glkugstfs rgfnmzfbf f njs sgms gxpgrtjs gl gn tgif bg gstubmj, pfrf fsé pjbgr bgsfrrjnnfr gn pnfltgfimgltj bg nf prjdngiætmkf y jdhgtmvjs bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl. Fsé imsij, sg utmnmzû `grrfimgltf bg Ms`mafwf kjlhultj kjl njs `mstjerfifs qug sjl dfrrfs qug rgprgsgltfl nf orgkuglkmf igbmfltg nf bmstrmdukmûl bg mbgfs prmlkmpfngs,  pfrf nugej bgtgrimlfr nfs kfusfs bg nf prjdngiætmkf qug sg bgtgrimlû igbmfltg gn flænmsms bg mlojrifkmûl y bg nf vfnmbfkmûl gxtgrlf.

;.2.;. ;.2 .;. Bgs Bgsfrr frrjnn jnnjj bg nf mlvgstm mlvgstmefk efkmûl mûl Gstf mlvgstmefkmûl sg rgfnmzû gl bjs pfrtgs, bgdmbj qug sg bgsfrrjnnû gn bmsgöj bgn gbmomkmj igbmfltg gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn utmnmzflbj njs kjlkgptjs gstrukturfngs y igbmfltg gn usj bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds v60.4, pfrf nj kufn sg rgfnmzû njs smeumgltgs pfsjs gl njs bjs bmsgöjs8 [g mlmkmû kjl nf jdtglkmûl bg njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn Srjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn,  pfrf nugej bgomlmr nfs gspgkmomkfk gspgkmomkfkmjlgs mjlgs tíklmkfs eglgrfngs, nfs kufngs usfrgijs pfrf nf rgfnmzfkmûl bg fidjs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs. Gn prjkgsj bg bmsgöj sgræ bg nf imsif iflgrf tfltj pfrf gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn kjij  pfrf gn sjotwfrg Gtfds, pfrf gnnj rgfnmzfijs nf gstrukturfkmûl bgn gbmomkmj bgomlmglbj tfltj gn smstgif nf bmrgkkmûl P-P y gl nf bmrgkkmûl ]-], pfrf pjbgr kjiglzfr kjl gn  prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj  prgbmiglsmjlfi mgltj bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs (kjnuilfs, njsfs, vmefs, pnfkfs) tjiflbj kjij mlmkmj njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs kjl fyubf bg pnfltmnnfs bg Gxkgn. [geumbfigltg sg rgfnmzû gn igtrfbj bg kfref bg kfbf gngigltj gstrukturfn bgn gbmomkmj, pfrf  pjbgr bgtgrimlfr nfs ougrzfs y kfrefs fpnmkfbfs f nf gstrukturf, smgiprg kjlsmbgrflbj njs  pgsjs gspgkéomkjs y prjpmjs bg njs iftgrmfngs y gngigltjs qug sg mlbmkfl gl nfs Ljrifs Ríklmkfs Sgruflfs. Sjstgrmjrigltg sg nngvû f kfdj gn flænmsms bmlæimkj y gstætmkj tfltj pfrf gn bmsgöj utmnmzflbj gn sjotwfrg Gtfds kjij pfrf gn rgfnmzfbj kjl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn. Kfdg iglkmjlfr qug gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn sg rgfnmzû kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds, gl kfidmj pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn sg utmnmzû njs kjlkgptjs tgûrmkjs y nfs ljrifs tíklmkfs pgruflfs. Omlfnigltg, fn kuipnmr kjl tjbjs njs pfræigtrjs, sg rgfnmzû ul flænmsms kjipfrftmvj gn kufn ljs glojkfijs gl nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bg fidjs bmsgöjs y gl nfs

 

kufltéfs bg fkgrj pjr gnnj igbmfltg ul igtrfbj bg fkgrj bgtgrimlfijs nf bmogrglkmf qug gxmstg gltrg njs bjs iítjbjs y kuæn bg njs bjs fyubfræ f jptmimzfr iftgrmfn.

;.2.2.. Kjip ;.2.2 Kjipfrfk frfkmûl mûl y bm bmskus skusmûl mûl bg bg rgsunt rgsuntfbjs fbjs Fn tglgr njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs rgfnmzfbjs kjl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn y kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds, sg prjsmeumû f kjipfrfrnj y flfnmzfrnjs, pfrf fsé pjbgr bgtgrimlfr nfs bgsgighflzfs gl gn flænmsms sésimkj, flænmsms bmlæimkj y flænmsms gstætmkj, kjl gn oml bg jdtglgr gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn iæs ûptmij. Fbgiæs, sg jdsgrvfræ kufn gs nf mlonuglkmf bg nf gstrukturfkmûl,  prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj  prgbmiglsmjlfi mgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref bg njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs gl gstubmj, y sg bgtgrimlfr gn erfbj bg kjlomfdmnmbfb qug kugltf kfbf ulj.

;.7. _frmfdngs Gl gstf mlvgstmefkmûl sg `f bmvmbmbj gl vfrmfdng bgpglbmgltg y vfrmfdngs mlbgpglbmgltgs, nj kufn sjl nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs qug pjbgijs igbmr y kufltmomkfr.

;.7.6. ;.7 .6. _fr _frmfd mfdng ng Bgp Bgpgl glbmg bmgltg ltg [g `f bgomlmbj kjij vfrmfdng bgpglbmgltg bgpglbmgltg fn Bmsgöj Gstrukturfn, sgeøl njs rgsuntf rgsuntfbjs bjs qug sg jdtglbræl, sg pjbræ bgtgrimlfr nfs bmogrglkmfs gltrg njs bmsgöjs gstrukturfngs prjpugstjs. Rfdnf 4? _frmfdng bgpglbmgltg _. B Bggpglbmgltg

Mlbmkfbjr • Tgspugstf Tgspugstfss [ésimkfs [ésimkfs

Bmsgöj gstrukturfn

• Bgojrifkm Bgojrifkmûl ûl gnæstmkf gnæstmkf • Kufltéf Kufltéf bg fkgrj fkgrj

Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbf pjr njs futjrgs

;.7.4. ;.7 .4. _fr _frmfd mfdngs ngs ml mlbgp bgpgl glbmg bmgltg ltgss Gl gstf mlvgstmefkmûl nfs vfrmfdngs mlbgpglbmgltgs sgræl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn y gn sjotwfrg Gtfds, y fsé tglgr bmvgrsjs vfnjrgs qug pjbfijs igbmr pfrf gn flænmsms bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl.

 

Rfdnf 45 _frmfdngs mlbgpglbmgltgs _. Mlbgpglbmgltg

Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn

Mlbmkfbjr • Gstrukturf Gstrukturfkmûl kmûl • Srgbmiglsm Srgbmiglsmjlfimg jlfimgltj ltj • Igtrfbj Igtrfbj bg kfref kfref • Flænmsms Flænmsms Gstætmkj Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj Bmlæimkj

Bmsgöj [jotwfrg Gtfds

• Gstrukturf Gstrukturfkmûl kmûl • Srgbmiglsm Srgbmiglsmjlfimg jlfimgltj ltj • Igtrfbj Igtrfbj bg kfref kfref • Flænmsms Flænmsms Gstætmkj Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj Bmlæimkj

Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbf pjr njs futjrgs

;. ;.7. 7.;. ;.

Jp Jpgr grfk fkmj mjlf lfnmz nmzfk fkmû mûl lb bgg vfr vfrmf mfdn dngs gs

Rfdnf 40 Jpgrfkmûl bg _frmfdngs _FTMFDNG[

MLBMKFBJTG[

BMIGL[MÛL

BGOMLMKMÛL J JS SGTFKMJLFN

Gstrukturfkmûl

Fbmiglsmjlfn

Igbmfltg nfs ljriftmvfs tíklmkfs pgruflfs, kjlkgptjs gstrukturfngs y pnflj frqumtgktûlmkj

Sr Srgb gbmi migl glsm smjl jlfi fimg mglt ltj j

Fbmi Fbmigl glsm smjl jlfn fn

Igbmfltg nfs ljriftmvfs tíklmkfs pgruflfs y kjlkgptjs gstrukturfngs

Igtrfbj bg Kfrefs

Rl/i4

Ljrif G.343

 Flænmsms Gstætmkj y bmlæimkj

 Fbmiglsmjlfn

Gstrukturfkmûl

Fbmiglsmjlfn

Snfljs Frqumtgktjlmkjs

Sr Srgb gbmi migl glsm smjl jlfi fimg mglt ltj j

Fbmi Fbmigl glsm smjl jlfn fn

Snfl Snfljs js Fr Frqu qumt mtgk gktj tjlm lmkj kjs s y Lj Ljri rif f G.3; G.3;3 3

Igtrfbj bg Kfrefs

Rl/i4

Ljrif G.343

 Flænmsms Gstætmkj y bmlæimkj

 Fbmiglsmjlfn

Tg Tgsp spug ugst stfs fs [é [ési simk mkfs fs

Fbmi Fbmigl glsm smjl jlfn fn

_frmfkmjlgs bgn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj

Bgojrifkmûl gn gnæ st stm k kf f

Fbm i ig glsmj lf lfn

Srjkgsjs b bg gn bm bms gö göj g gs s tr trukturfn

Kufltéf bg Fkgrj

Ae.

Igtrfbj bg nfs pfrtmbfs bg fkgrj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn

Igtjbj trfbmkmjlfn

[jnmkmtfkmjlgs sésimkfs y ijbj gspgktrfn

[jotwfrg Gtfds

Bmsgöj Gstrukturfn

Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbf pjr njs futjrgs

[jnmkmtfkmjlgs sésimkfs y ijbj gspgktrfn

 

5;

KFSÉRWNJ M_ BG[FTTJNNJ ] FSNMKFKMÛL 2.6. 2.6. Eg Eglg lgrf rfnm nmbf bfbg bgss 2.6. 2.6.6. 6. Wd Wdmk mkfk fkmû mûl l Gn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn sg gltrf udmkfbj gl nf Kfnng D, Fsjkmfkmûl Srjpmgtfrmjs bg _mvmglbf Nfs Rjrrgs Rjrrgs bgn Ljrtg, Bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, Srjv Srjvmlkmf mlkmf y Bgpfrtfigltj bg Nmif. Kgrkf bg nf Futjpmstf Kfltf - Kfnnfj y f nf Fv. [fl Bmgej bg Fnkfnæ.

 Omeurf 43. [trggt vmgw bg nf Wdmkfkmûl bgn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn Ougltg8 Euéf bg Kfnngs

 

52 Gn gbmomkmj gstæ smtufbj gl zjlf urdflf nf kufn sg glkugltrf gl prjkgsj bg kjlsjnmbfkmûl bjlbg prgbjimlfl nfs vmvmglbfs ulmofimnmfrgs, f su vgz kugltf kjl zjlmomkfkmûl TBI ‛ Tgsmbglkmfn bg Bglsmbfb Igbmf kjl pfræigtrjs urdfléstmkjs pfrf kmlkj pmsjs

 Omeurf 46. Xjlmomkfkmûl bgn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn Ougltg8 Snflj bg Xjlmomkfkmûl bg Nmif Igtrjpjnmtflf ‛ [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs

2.6.4. 2.6 .4. Kjl Kjlbmk bmkmjl mjlgs gs egl eglgrf grfngs ngs f) Kfre reff Iu Iuggrtf rtf (B (B)) Gs gn pgsj prjpmj bg tjbjs njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs qug kjlojrifl nf gbmomkfkmûl tfngs kjij8 njsfs (fnmegrfbf j ifkmzf), vmefs (pgrfntfbfs j k`ftfs) y kjnuilfs. Kjlsmbgrflbj  pgsj bg8

Rgk`j bgn [gimsûtflj fn Vumltj Lmvgn Fkfdfbjs bg pmsjs

9

633 ae/i4

Rfdmqugréf (_gr Flgxj) Smskmlf

9 9

603 ae/i4 6333 ae/i4

Hfrbél

9

?;3 ae/i4

Rgk`j Fzjtgf Fkfdfbjs bg pmsjs

9

633 ae/i4

[g rgfnmzû gn igtrfbj bg tjbjs njs iurjs pfrf `fnnfr nf kfref iugrtf bg nf tfdmqugréf. Gs pjr gnnj qug pfrf pjbgr bgtgrimlfrnj sg rgfnmzû nj smeumgltg8 Njlemtub x Fntj x Flk`j 9 _jnuigl (i;) Gn Sgsj gspgkéomkj Sgsj Rfdmqugréf (tl)

9 6;73 ae/i; 9 _jnuigl x Sgsj gspgkéomkj

 

Rfdnf 4=  Igtrfbj bg Rfdmqugréf IWTJ

Rfdmqugréf _jn (i;) Sgsj gspgk. (t/i;) 6.;7 3.;476 6.;7 3.;047

Sgsj tfd. (t) 3.2;0=6= 3.76?;57

P-6 P-4

N (i) 3.07 6.33

f (i) 4.77 4.77

g (i) 3.67 3.67

P-; P-2 P-7 P-? P-5 P-0 P-= P-63 P-66 P-64 P-6; P-62 P-67 P-6?

6.;7 6.37 3.=3 3.=7 6.33 4.=3 4.=3 6.;3 3.?3 6.23 4.?7 4.03 4.03 3.73

4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 6.33 4.77 4.77 4.77

3.67 3.67 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63

3.76?2 3.236? 3.44=7 3.424; 3.4773 3.5;=7 3.5;=7 3.;;67 3.67;3 3.;753 3.4?73 3.5623 3.5623 3.6457

6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7

3.?=563? 3.7246=2 3.;3=047 3.;453;0 3.;22473 3.==0;47 3.==0;47 3.225747 3.43?773 3.206=73 3.;75573 3.=?;=33 3.=?;=33 3.654647

P-65 P-60 P-6= P-43 P-46 P-44 P-4; P-42 P-47 P-4? P-45 ]-6 ]-4 ]-;

3.?3 3.?3 3.73 3.53 4.?3 3.53 3.?3 ;.?3 4.=3 6.;3 4.47 4.77 6.33 4.67

4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77

3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63

3.67;3 3.67;3 3.6457 3.6507 3.??;3 3.6507 3.67;3 3.=603 3.5;=7 3.;;67 3.75;0 3.?73; 3.4773 3.720;

6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7

3.43?773 3.43?773 3.654647 3.423=57 3.0=7373 3.423=57 3.43?773 6.4;=;33 3.==0;47 3.225747 3.5527?; 3.0550;0 3.;22473 3.5236;0

]-2 ]-7 ]-? ]-5 ]-0 ]-= ]-63 ]-66 ]-64 ]-6; ]-62 ]-67 ]-6? ]-65

;.43 4.27 6.63 ;.?3 2.67 4.47 6.27 2.33 ;.?7 2.=7 ;.?; 7.47 4.4; 4.63

4.77 4.77 6.33 4.77 6.33 4.77 6.33 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77

3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.63 3.67 3.63 3.63 3.63

3.06?3 3.?420 3.6633 3.=603 3.2673 3.75;0 3.6273 6.3433 3.=;30 6.4?4; 6.;0?? 6.;;00 3.7?52 3.7;77

6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7 6.;7

6.636?33 3.02;26; 3.620733 6.4;=;33 3.7?3473 3.5527?; 3.6=7573 6.;55333 6.47?76; 6.5323;0 6.05607= 6.035;6; 3.5?7=7? 3.544=47

4.77 3.63 3.??;3 Sgsj Rjtfn bg Rfdmqugréf Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfbf pjr njs futjrgs

6.;7

3.0=7373 ;6.?4303

]-60

4.?3

 

Rfdnf ;3 Sgsjs Wlmtfrmjs bg Nfbrmnnjs Iftgrmfngs

Sgsj (Ae/i;)

Wlmbfbgs bg fndfömngréf kjkmbf sûnmbfs

6,033.33

Wlmbfbgs bg fndfömngréf kjkmbf `ugkfs

6,;73.33

Ougltg8 Flgxj 6 - G.343 Omlfnigltg, sg bgdg kjljkgr gn ærgf tjtfn tgk`fbf bg ul pmsj tépmkj qug gs gn qug sg tjiû nfs igbmbfs bg nf tfdmqugréf pfrf jdtglgr gn pgsj pjr i4. Ærgf tjtfn tgk`fbf 9 656.23 i4 Sgsj bg Rfdmqugréf x i4 9 ;6.?4 tl / 656.23 i4 9 3.60 tl/i4

 

Omeurf 44. Igtrfbj bg Rfdmqugréf Ougltg8 Gnfdjrfkmûl prjpmf

d) Kfref _ _mmvf ((N N) Sfrf gnnj kjlsmbgrfijs gn pgsj eglgrfbj pjr njs jkupfltgs, iugdngs, gqumpjs, ifqumlfrmfs3 y jtrjs gngigltjs iûvmngs, f gstg erupj sg ng bf gn ljidrg bg sjdrgkfref.

Rgk`j [gim [ûtflj fn Vumltj Lmvgn [jdrgkfref

9

433.33 ae/i4

9

633.33 ae/i4

Rgk`j Fzjtgf [jdrgkfref

 

k) Kfre Kfreff bg bg [ [ms msij ij ([ ([x, x, [y [y)8 )8 [jl fqugnnfs kfrefs qug sg prjbukgl pjr nf fkkmûl sésimkf qug sg ng fpnmkf f nf gstrukturf. F kjltmlufkmûl, sg iugstrfl nfs Kjidmlfkmjlgs bg Bmsgöj rgqugrmbfs sgeøl nf  Ljrif G.3?3 pfrf gngigltjs bg Kjl Kjlkrgtj krgtj Frifbj, pfrf gogktjs bg gstg pprjygktj8 rjygktj8

KJID6 9 6.2 B KJID4 9 6.2 B + 6.5 N KJID; 9 6.47 (B + N) + [P KJID2 9 6.47 (B + N) ‛ [P KJID7 9 6.47 (B + N) + [] KJID? 9 6.47 (B + N) ‛ [] KJID5 9 3.= B + [P KJID0 9 3.= B ‛ [P KJID= 9 3.= B + [] KJID63 9 3.= B ‛ [] Bûlbg8 Kfrefs iugrtfs (B), vmvfs (N) y smsij ([x, [y).

2.6. 2.6.;. ;. If Iftg tgrm rmfn fngs gs Sfrf tglgr ul ighjr flænmsms bg kjipfrfkmûl gl fidjs bmsgöjs f gstubmfr, `gijs utmnmzfbj nfs imsifs gspgkmomkfkmj gspgkmomkfkmjlgs lgs bg if iftgrmfngs tgrmfngs pfrf tjbjs njs gngigltjs qu qugg ojrif nf gstrukturf, tfngs kjij kjnuilfs, vmefs, njsf fnmegrfbf y ifkmzf, pnfkfs y iurjs bg tfdmqugréf bg fidfs prjpugstfs.

Kjlkrgtj8 Tgsmstglkmf f nf kjiprgsmûl o”k 9 463.33 ae/ki4 Sgsj gspgkéomkj ϔk 9 4,233.33 aeo/i; Iûbunj bg gnfstmkmbfb Gk 9 465,;53.?7 ae/ki4 Iûbunj bg Sjmssjl K 9 3.4

Fkgrj Gsougrzj bg Onuglkmf8 oy 9 2,433.33 ae/ki4 Bgojrifkmûl Wlmtfrmf Iæxmif8 ηs 9 3.3346 Iûbunj bg Gnfstmkmbfb8 Gs 9 4”333,333.33 ae/ki4

 

Fndfömngréf Tgsmstglkmf f nf kjiprglsmûl o²i 9 ?7.33 ae/ ki4. Tgsmstglkmf fbimsmdng pjr kfref o²i 9 627.33 ae/ ki4.

2.6.2. 2.6 .2. Kjl Kjlbmk bmkmjl mjlgs gs pf pfrf rf gn Flænm Flænmsms sms [ésimkj Ofktjr bg Xjlf Gstg ofktjr sg gltmglbg kjij nf fkgngrfkmûl iæxmif `jrmzjltfn gl gn sugnj réembj kjl ulf  prjdfdmnmbfb bg gxkgbgr gxkgbgr gl 63% gl 73 föjs. X 9 3.27

Ofktjr bg [ugnj Sfrf `fnnfr gn Ofktjr bg sugnj, bgdgijs tglgr gl kugltf njs pgromngs bg tmpj bg sugnj, nj kufn sjl njs smeumgltgs8 smeumgltgs8 [j8 Tjk Tjkff Burf, [68 Tjkf j sugnjs sugnjs Iuy Téemb Téembjs, js, [48 [ugnjs mltgrigbmjs, [;8 [ugnjs Dnflbjs y [28 [ugnjs Gxkgpkmjlfngs. [ml gidfrej, sgeøl gn ifpf bg imkrjzjlmomkfkmûl sésimkf bg Nmif Igtrjpjnmtflf 4360 rgfnmzfbj pjr gn Kgltrj Sgruflj Hfpjlís bg mlvgstmefkmjlgs sésimkfs y imtmefkmûl bg bgsfstrgs, gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml kugltf kjl tmpj bg sugnj8 [6 y [4, gspgkéomkfigltg gn prjygktj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfs [g glkugltrf gl gn Rmpj bg [ugnj [6. Rfdnf ;6  Ofktjr bgn [ugnj pfrf gn Srjygktj Xjlf [ugnj 9 [j X92 3.03 X9; 3.03 3.03 X94 X96 3.03 Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

Ofktjr bg [ugnj [ugnj 9 [6 6.33 6.33 6.33 6.33

[ugnj 9 [4 6.37 6.67 6.43 6.?3

[ugnj 9 [; 6.63 6.43 6.23 4.33

Sjr nj tfltj, sgeøl nf udmkfkmûl bg lugstrj prjygktj y gn gstubmj bg igkælmkf bg sugnj, tglbræ ul tmpj [6. Gltjlkgs sg tmglg8

[6 9 6.33

 

Sgrmjbjs „Rp’ y „RN’ Omlfnigltg, pfrf gn pgréjbj pgréjbj qug bgomlg nf pnftfojrif pnftfojrif bgn ofktjr K (Rp) y pfrf gn pgréjbj qug bgomlg gn mlmkmj bg nf zjlf bgn ofktjr K (RN), nj kufn jdtglbrgijs nugej bg mbgltmomkfr  gn tmpj bg sugnj kjij sg iugstrf gl nf smeumgltg tfdnf. Rfdnf ;4  Sgrmjbjs bg Sgromn bg [ugnj pfrf gn Srjygktj SGTMJBJ[ „Rp’ „]’ „RN’ Sgrmjbj [ugnj 9 [j [ugnj 9 [6 [ugnj 9 [4 Rp (s) 3.; 3.2 3.? RN (s) ;.3 4.7 4.3 Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

Gltjlkgs sg tmglgl8

RS 9

[ugnj 9 [; 6.3 6.?

RN 9 4.73

Ofktjr bg fipnmomkfkmûl sésimkf [g bgdg kjlsmbgrfr nj qug sg mlbmkf gl nf Ljrif G-3;3 pfrf gn pgrmjbj oulbfigltfn kjlsmbgrf kjls mbgrfijs ijs nj gstf gstfdngk dngkmbj mbj gl gn kfpétunj „4.7 Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkf Fipnmomkfkmûl kmûl [ésimkf [ésimkf (K), bjlbg gstg kjgomkmgltg sg gltmglbg kjij gn ofktjr bg fipnmomkfkmûl bg nf fkgngrfkmûl gstrukturfn rgspgktj bg nf fkgngrfkmûl fkgngrfkmûl gl gn sugnj. F su vgz bg fkugrbj kjl nfs kfrfktgréstmkfs bgn nuefr bjlbg sg smtøf gn prjygktj, sg bgomlg gn ofktjr bg fipnmomkfkmûl sésimkf (K) pjr nfs smeumgltgs gxprgsmjlgs pnfsifbj pnfsifbj gl nf Rfdnf. Rfdnf ;;  Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf pfrf gn prjygktj Ofktjr bg Fipnmomkfkmûl [ésimkf R>Rp K 9 4.7 Rp > R > RN K 9 4.7 * (Rp/R) R < RN K 9 4.7 * ((Rp*RN) / R4) Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

Bûlbg R gs gn pgréjbj oulbfigltfn bg nf gstrukturf. Fbgiæs, sgeøl nj gstmpunfbj gl nf Ljrif G-3;3, gn Sgrmjbj Lfturfn bg _mdrfkmûl bg nf gbmomkfkmûl, pfrf kfbf bmrgkkmûl sg bgtgrimlfræ bg gstf iflgrf8

 

Bjlbg KR 9 27, Sfrf njs gbmomkmjs kuyjs gngigltjs rgsmstgltgs gl nf bmrgkkmûl kjlsmbgrfbf sgfl8 

Sûrtmkjs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj kjl iurjs gl nfs kfhfs bg fskglsjrgs y gskfngrfs.



Sûrtmkjs bg fkgrj frrmjstrfbjs.

Gltjlkgs sfdmglbj qug nf fnturf bgn gbmomkmj gs 6=.33 its y gn KR gs 27, tglgijs8 R 9 3.24 Sjr nj tfltj, sg tmglgl njs smeumgltgs pgrmjbjs oulbfigltfngs bg vmdrfkmûl vmdrfkmûl88 RS 9 3.2 < Rx 9 3.241 pjr nj tfltj8

KP 9 4.;?0

RS 9 3.2 < R] 9 3.241 pjr nj tfltj8

K] 9 4.;?0

Kftgejréf bg nf gbmomkfkmûl y ofktjr bg usj Gs nf kftgejrmzfkmûl bg nf gstrukturf sgeøl su mipjrtflkmf kjij sg iugstrf gl nf omeurf. Rfdnf ;2 Kftgejréf bg nfs gbmomkfkmjlgs y ofktjr W pfrf gn prjygktj Kftgejréf

Kftgejréf bg nfs Gbmomkfkmjlgs y Ofktjr W Bgskrmpkmûl

Ofktjr W

Gstfdngkmimgltjs bg sfnub (pødnmkjs y prmvfbjs). Sugrtjs, fgrjpugrtjs, njkfngs iulmkmpfngs, kgltrfngs bg kjiulmkfkmjlgs. Gstfkmjlgs bg djidgrjs, kufrtgngs bg nfs ougrzfs frifbfs y pjnmkéf. F 6.7 Gbmkfkmjlgs Mlstfnfkmjlgs bgGsglkmfngs eglgrfkmûly trflsojrifkmûlbg gngktrmkmbfb, rgsgrvjrmjs y pnfltfs bg trftfimgltj bg feuf.

D Gbmomkfkmjlgs Mipjrtfltgs K Gbmomkfkmjlgs Kjiulgs

Gbmomkfkmjlgs bjlbg sg rgølgl erfl kfltmbfb bg  pgrsjlfs8 kmlgs, tgftrjs, gstfbmjs, kjnmsgjs, kgltrjs kjigrkmfngs, tgrimlfngs bg pfsfhgrjs, gstfdngkmimgltjs  pglmtglkmfrmjs, iusgjs y dmdnmjtgkfs. dmdnmjtgkfs. Rfidmíl sg kjlsmbgrfræl bgpûsmtjs bg erfljs y fnifkglgs mipjrtfltgs pfrf gn fdfstgkmimgltj. Gbmomkfkmjlgs kjiulgs8 vmvmglbfs ulmofimnmfrgs y iuntmofimnmfrgs, jomkmlfs, `jtgngs, rgstfurfltgs, bgpûsmtjs g mlstfnfkmjlgs mlbustrmfngs.

B

Gbmomkfkmjlgs Rgipjrfngs

Kjlstrukkmjlgs prjvmsmjlfngs prjvmsmjlfngs pfrf bgpûsmtjs, kfsgtfs y jtrfs smimnfrgs.

Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs futjrgs

6,;

6.3 F krmtgrmj bgn  prjygktmstf

 

Sjr nj tfltj, gn prjygktj gs kftgejréf K, bgdmbj f qug gs ulf gbmomkfkmûl kjiøl vmvmglbf iuntmofimnmfr. W 9 6.33 [mstgif gstrukturfn y kjgomkmgltg dæsmkj bg rgbukkmûl bg nfs ougrzfs sésimkfs sg knfsmstkfræl sgeøl njs iftgrmfngs utmnmzfbjs y bgn smstgif bg gstrukturfkmûl smsijrrgsmstgltg smsijrrgsmstgltg.. Rfdnf ;7. [mstgif Gstrukturfn bgn Srjygktj [mstgif Gstrukturfn

Kjgomkmgltg Dæsmkj bg Tgbukkmûl Tj

Fkgrj8 Sûrtmkjs Gspgkmfngs Tgsmstgltgs f Ijigltjs ([IO) Sûrtmkjs Mltgrigbmjs Tgsmstgltgs f Ijigltjs (MIO) Sûrtmkjs Jrbmlfrmjs Tgsmstgltgs f Ijigltjs (JIO) Sûrtmkjs Gspgkmfngs Kjlkíltrmkfigltg Frrmjstrfbjs ([KDO) Sûrtmkjs Jrbmlfrmjs Kjlkíltrmkfigltg Frrmjstrfbjs (JKDO)

0 5 ? 0 ?

S ûrtmkjs Gxkíltrmkfigltg Frrmjstrfbjs (GDO) Kjlkrgtj8 Sûrtmkjs Bufn Bg iurjs gstrukturfngs Iurjs bg buktmnmbfb nmimtfbf Fndfömngréf Frifbf j Kjlomlfbf Ifbgrf (Sjr gsougrzjs fbimsmdngs)

0 0 5 ? 2 ; 5

Ougltg8 Ljrif [msijrgsmsgltg Sjr nj tfltj, fn pfrf gstg prmigr flænmsms gstrukturfn, nj rgfnmzfrgijs y usflbj gn smstgif fpjrtmkfbj, pjr nj qug tglgijs kjij ofktjr T8 T90

2. 2.4. 4. Bmsg Bmsgöj öj kkjl jl gn gn sj sjotw otwfr frgg Gt Gtfd fdss Sfrf mlmkmfr gn ijbgnfimgltj bgn gbmomkj, usfijs gn prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds vgrsmûl 4360, pfrf ulf ifyjr ofkmnmbfb y fpnmkfkmûl.

2.4.6.. Gstr 2.4.6 Gstruktur ukturfkmû fkmûl l y prgb prgbmiglk miglkmjlfi mjlfimgltj mgltj Nf gstrukturfkmûl nf `gijs dfsfbj gl njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs gl bjlbg sg rgsfntf nf  prjygkkmûl bg vmefs, kjnuilfs y njsfs qug pjstgrmjrigltg bgpglbmglbj bgn kuipnmimgltj bgn flænmsms gstrukturfn sg ijbmomkfræ njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs bg fkugrbj f nf Ljrif

 

G.3;3. Kfdg mlbmkfr qug pfrf nf bmrgkkmûl bg njsf sg kjlsmbgrû sgeøl nf nuz iæs kjrtf y f nf kjltmlumbfb bgn fkgrj gl trfijs pgqugöjs.

 Omeurf 4;. Snfljs Frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn Ougltg8 Snflj bg nf Gspgkmfnmbfb bg Frqumtgkturf bgn prjygktj Iuntmofimnmfr Tjlkfn

2.4.4. 2.4 .4. Ijb Ijbgnf gnfimg imgltj ltj bg Gbm Gbmomk omkmj mj Fn mlmkmfr gn ijbgnfimgltj prmigrj sg bgdg kjlsmbgrfr nf gstrukturfkmûl prgvmfigltg bgomlmbf kjl nfs igbmbfs bg tjbjs njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs. Fsé imsij, tglgr knfrj nfs gspgkmfkmjlgss tíklmkfs pfrf pjbgr bgomlmr gn iftgrmfn qug sg usfræ. gspgkmfkmjlg

f) Ermnnf mnnfss gl Gtf tfd ds Gxmstgl bjs ojrifs bg jdtglgr nfs ermnnfs gl gn Gtfds, tfltj mipjrtflbj kjij krgflbj gl gn imsij prjerfif jdtglmglbj nfs bmstflkmfs bg kfbf ermnnf gl gn FutjKfb, yf qug sg bmduhfræ  prgvmfigltg sjdrg gn pnflj bg frqumtgkturf pjr njs ghgs bg nfs vmefs y kjnuilfs  prjygktfbfs.

 

 Omeurf 42. Ermnnfs sjdrg Snflj Frqumtgktûlmkj bgn Gbmomkmj Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

Sfrf gstg kfsj sg bmduhû nfs ermnnfs gl gn prjerfif Gtfds, prmigrj kjl ulfs bmstflkmfs meufngs, yf qug nugej sg ijbmomkf gl nfs jpkmjlgs bg Gbmt Ermb [ystgi, gl bjlbg sg kjnjkf nfs igbmbfs gxfktfs qug `gijs igbmbj gl gn Futjkfb pjr igbmj bg nfs jpkmjlgs bg Igfsurg, tfltj pfrf gn ghg P kjij pfrf gn ghg ]. Fbgiæs, sg pugbg ijbmomkfr gn ljidrg bg njs ghgs y gn tfiföj.

 

 Omeurf 47. _gltflf bg Gbmt Ermb [ystgi Bftf Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

Fsé imsij, pfrf gn kfsj bg nfs bmstf bmstflkmf lkmfss gltrg pmsj sg kjnjkf nf jpkmûl jpkmûl bg [pgkmoy kustji stjry bftf pfrf pjbgr kjnjkfr nfs fnturfs gspgkéomkfs bg kfbf lmvgn qug gstæ mlbmkfbj gl njs pnfljs bg frqumtgkturf. [g ijbmomkf gl nf pfrtg qug bmkg @gme`t (G), fbgiæs sg pugbg ijbmomkfr gn ljidrg bg pmsj sgeøl sgf lgkgsfrmj.

 Omeurf 4?. _gltflf bg Gbmt [tjry Bftf Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

 

d) Bgom Bgomlm lmkm kmûl ûl bg If Iftg tgrm rmfn fngs gs Kjlkrgtj Srgvmfigltg bgomlmbj nfs gspgkmomkfkmjlgs tíklmkfs, gs bgkmr nf rgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj qug sg usfræ pfrf gn prjygktj, sg prjkgbg f gspgkmomkfrnj gl gn Gtfds.

 Omeurf 45. _gltflf bg Iftgrmfn Srjpgrty Bftf kjlkrgtj (o²k 463ae/ki4) Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

Sfrf ijbmomkfr gn iftgrmfn qug usfrgijs, utmnmzfijs nf jpkmûl bg Bgomlg Iftgrmfn Srjpgrty Bftf gl bjlbg gn iûbunj iûbunj bg gnfstmkmbfb nj bgtgrimlfij bgtgrimlfijss sgeøl nf Ljrif G.3?3 gl bjlbg ljs mlbmkf qug8

Fn pjlgr gn iûbunj bg gnfstmkmbfb, futjiætmkfigltg sg fktufnmzfræ gn [`gfr Ijbunus (iûbunj bg rmembgz fn gsougrzj kjrtfltg). Gn iûbunj bg pjmssjl vfréf gltrg 3.67 f 3.43, gl

 

gstg kfsj kjnjkfijs 3.4 yf qug gstæ bgltrj bg njs pfræigtrjs qug ljs mlbmkf gl nf Ljrif G.3?3.

Omeurf 40. _gltflf bg Iûbunj bg Gnfstmkmbfb G Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

Sfrf nfs prjpmgbfbgs bg bmsgöj bg njs iftgrmfngs bg kjlkrgtj, sg bgdg ijbmomkfr nf rgsmstglkmf f kjiprgsmûl (o”k) f 4,633.33 tl/i4. F su vgz, pfrf tglgr gl kugltf njs gogktjs bg vfrmfdmnmbfb bg nf rgsmstglkmf ljimlfn (Tl) sg bgdg mltrjbukmr gn ofktjr bg rgbukkmûl bg rgsmstglkmf (ð) sgeøl nf sjnmkmtfkmûl f nf qug gstí sjigtmbj gn gngigltj bg kjlkrgtj tfngs kjij vmef j kjnuilf, bjlbg sg `f utmnmzfbj gn Ofktjr bg Kjrtfltg y Rjrsmûl 9 3.07. Rfdnf ;?. Ofktjr bg Tgbukkmûl pfrf gn ijbgnj. [jnmkmtfkmûl

Ofktjr bg Tgbukkmûl (ί) Ongxmûl Surf 3.=3 Ongxmûl kjl Kfref Fxmfn bg Rrfkkmûl 3.=3 Kjrtfltg y Rjrsmûl 3.07 Kjiprgsmûl y Ongxj kjiprgsmûl Gngigltjs kjl gspmrfngs 3.57 Gngigltjs kjl gstrmdjs 3.53 Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj (G.3?3) Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf 4=. _gltflf bg Ofktjr bg Tgbukkmûl Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

Fkgrj Sfrf gn kfsj bgn fkgrj, sg usfræ kjij rgougrzj fn tmpj F?67 Erfbj ?3 (oy 9 2,433.33 aeo/ki4). Gstg tmpj bg fkgrj gs ulj bg njs iæs kjigrkmfnmzfbjs g usfbjs pfrf gn bmsgöj bg gstrukturfs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj. Gl gn prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds, sg iugstrf vfnjrgs sgeøl nf ljrif F[RI, gl gstg kfsj sg tjifræ nf F[RI F?67 pfrf nf dfrrf rgougrzj bg Erfbj ?3. F kjltmlufkmûl, sg prgsgltf nfs prjpmgbfbgs bgn fkgrj qug utmn utmnmz mzfi fijs js88 Gs Gsou ougr grzj zj bbgg On Onug uglk lkmf mf88 Bgojrifkmûl W Wllmtfrmf I Iææxmif8

oy 9 22,4 ,433 33.3 .333 ae ae/k /ki4 i4 ηs 9 3.3346

Iûbunj bg Gnfstmkmbfb8

Gs 9 4”333,333.33 ae/ki4

k) Bgom Bgomlm lmrr [ [gk gkkkmjlg mjlgss Rfltj pfrf vmefs kjij pfrf nfs kjnuilfs, sg bgtgrimlf nf sgkkmûl gl orfig [gktmjl pfrf  pjbgr gskjegr gn tmpj bg gngigltj gstrukturfn qug gstfijs bgomlmglbj, gl gstg kfsj gs Kjlkrgtg Tgktfleunfr. Sfrf kfbf kfsj föfbmijs lugvfs prjpmgbfbgs gl bjlbg kjnjkfrgijs su rgspgktmvj ljidrg y bmiglsmûl (Bgpt` gs nf prjoulbmbfb y Umbt` gs gn flk`j).

 

Srjpmgbfbgs bg nf Kjnuilf K43x73 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Wlf vgz tgrimlfbj bg bgomlmr njs bmogrgltgs tmpjs bg sgkkmjlgs tfltj pfrf njs gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs y gngigltjs `jrmzjltfngs, gl nf vgltflf Orfig Sjrpgrtmgs gl tmpj Fnn, bgdg bg fpfrgkgr nf tjtfnmbfb bg njs gngigltjs bgomlmbjs pfrf gn prjygktj.

 Omeurf ;3. _gltflf bg Orfig Srjpgrtmgs8 [gkkmjlgs bg _mefs y Kjnuilfs Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Omlfnigltg ijbmomkfrgijs nfs prjpmgbfbgs bgn fkgrj pfrf vmefs kjij kjnuilfs pfrf gnnj ljs vfijs f nf jpkmûl bg nf pfrtg bg8 Tgmlojrkgiglt  Ijbmoy / [`jw Tgdfr  Nf ølmkf pfrtg qug `fræ nf bmogrglkmf gltrg vmef y kjnuilf sgræ gl nf jpkmûl Bgsmel Rypg gl bjlbg sg pjlbræ sm sgræ Kjnui (kjnuilf) j Dgfi (_mef). Sfrf gn kfsj bg nfs vmefs sg kjnjkfræ gn tmpj bg iftgrmfn bg fkgrj qug prgvmfigltg bgomlmijs, fsé kjij gn rgkudrmimgltj qug gstfijs kjlsmbgrflbj. Gl gn kfsj bg nfs kjnuilfs tfidmíl kjnjkfijs gn tmpj bg iftgrmfn bg nf imsif ojrif qug gl nfs vmefs, fbgiæs sg kjnjkfræ nf njlemtub bg nf  dfrrf bg fkgrj tfltj tfltj njlemtubmlfn kjij gl gl nfs zjlfs bg bg kjlomlfimgltj.

 Omeurf ;6. _gltflf bg Orfig [gktmjl Srjpgrty Tgmlojrkgiglt Bftf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

b) Bmduhj Bmduhj bg gngigl gngigltjs tjs gs gstru truktu kturf rfngs ngs ]f tglmglbj bgomlmbfs nfs sgkkmjlgs y nfs njsfs sg prjkgbg f bmduhfr yf sgf gl vmstf bg  pnfltf j gl ;B kjl kjl nfs `grrfimgltfs `grrfimgltfs bg bmduhj.

 Omeurf ;4. Bmduhj ;B bgn Srjygktj Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf ;;. Bmduhj 4B Snfltf bgn Srjygktj Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

g) Bmforfeif Fn tglgr bmduhfbj nfs njsfs, vmefs, pnfkfs y kjnuilfs sg prjkgbg f krgfr njs bmforfeifs pjr kfbf lmvgn. Gstj gs bgdmbj f qug erfkmfs fn bmforfeif nf ougrzf bgn smsij (ougrzfs nftgrfngs) sjl bmstrmdumbfs f njs gngigltjs rgsmstgltgs kjij gs gn kfsj bg iurjs y kjnuilfs (gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs), nf omlfnmbfb gs fifrrf njs iurjs bg nf gstrukturf fn meufn qug nfs kjnuilfs pfrf ojrifr ul sjnj kjlhultj.

 Omeurf ;2. _gltflf bg Bgomlg Bmfp`rfei Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Wlf vgz krgfbj njs bmforfeifs sg rgfnmzf nf fsmelfkmûl bg njs bmforfeifs pjr kfbf lmvgn. Sfrf gnnj gl nfs jpkmjlgs bg Fssmel sg sgngkkmjlf nf jpkmûl Hjmlt y pjr øntmij bmforfeif. [g sgngkkmjlf tjbj gn lmvgn y rgkmíl sg fpnmkf gn bmforfeif. ] fsé sukgsmvfigltg sukgsmvfigltg  pjr kfbf lmvgn.

 Omeurf ;7. _gltflf bg Fsmelfkmûl bg Bmforfeifs. Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

2. 2.4. 4.;. ;.

Kfsj Kfsjss bg Kfre Kfrefs fs y Kjid Kjidml mlfk fkmj mjlg lgss bg bmsg bmsgöj öj

f) Njfb Sftt ttggrls Fn krgfr nfs kfrefs qug vfijs fpnmkfr (njfb pfttgrls) pjr bgogktj fpfrgkgræ nf kfref iugrtf y kfre kfreff vmvf nfs kufngs pjbgij pjbgijss kfid kfidmfr mfr gn ljid ljidrg, rg, gn tmpj y gn ofktjr bg iuntmpnmkf iuntmpnmkfkmûl kmûl (sgno wgme`t iuntmpnmgr). Sfrf gstg kfsj sg kjlsmbgrf nf kfref iugrtf, kfref vmvf, nf kfref bg smsij gl gn ghg P y nf kfref bg smsij bgn ghg ]. Nf kfref iugrtf tglbræ ul sgno wgme`t iuntmpnmgr meufn f 6 gn kufn ljs mlbmkf qug lj sg kjlsmbgrf gn pgsj prjpmj, bg nf gstrukturf fbmkmjlfn f njs tmpjs bg kfref iugrtf. Gl gn kfsj bg nf kfref vmvf gs nj kjltrfrmj sg bghf gl 3.

 

 Omeurf ;?. _gltflf bg Bgomlg Njfb Sfttgris Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Gl gn kfsj bgn smsij gl P y gl ] sg rgfnmzû præktmkfigltg njs imsijs pfsjs. Gl  prmigr nuefr, gn tmpj sgræ [gmsimk y gn tmpj bg kfref nftgrfn (Futj Nftgrfn njfb) gs usflbj gn kjgomkmgltg sésimkj (Wsgr Kjgoomkmglt) qug gl nf Ljrif G3;3 nj gstmpunf. [g rgfnmzf tfltj  pfrf smsij gl P kjij pfrf gn smsij ], pjr øntmij, sg ijbmomkfræ nf kfref nftgrfn gn kufn kjlsmstg gl bgtgrimlfr nf bmrgkkmûl y gxkgltrmkmbfb bg nf kfref, fsé imsij, njs ofktjrgs gl bjlbg sg mlbmkf gn kjgomkmgltg sésimkj „K’ y gn ofktjr „A’.

K9

, gl bjlbg8

Gn kjgomkmgltg sésimkj, sg jdtuvj kuflbj ulj mbgltmomqug nf zjlf bgn nuefr bgn  prjygktj, gn tmpj bg gstrukturf, su ofktjr fipnmomkfkmûl, gn tmpj bg sugnj qug sg gstæ trfdfhflbj y nf rgbukkmûl sgeøl nfs mrrgeunfrmbfbgs qug tglef, gn vfnjr jdtglmbj gs gn qug kjnjkfrgijs gl gn Gtfds. R9 Bjlbg8 @l 9 Fntu Fnturf rf bbgg nf gbmo gbmomk mkfk fkmû mûll Kt 9 ;7 Sfrf gbmomkmjs kuyjs gngigltjs rgsmstgltgs gl nf bmrgkkmûl kjlsmbgrfbf sgf sjnfigltg pfrf pûrtmkjs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj. Fbgiæs8 Sfrf R igljr j meufn f 3.7 sgeulbjs8 a 9 6.3 Sfrf R ifyjr qug 3.7 sgeulbjs8 a 9 (3.57 + 3.7 R) ≢ 4.3

 

Sjr øntmij, gn rflej gs iuy mipjrtfltg pfrf qug gn prjerfif mbgltmomqug bg qug lmvgn `fstf qug lmvgn sg fpnmkfræ bmk`f ougrzf sésimkf. Gl gstg kfsj sg rgfnmzû bgsbg gn sgim sûtflj fn qumltj lmvgn. Rjbfs gstfs sgkuglkmfs tfidmíl ougrjl rgfnmzfbfs pfrf ijbmomkfr gn [msij ].

 Omeurf ;5. _glflf bg [gmsimk Njfb Sfttgrl - Wsgr Bgomlgb Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

d) Tgsp Tgspjl jlsg sg [p [pgk gktr trui ui Erfkmfs f nfs lugvfs vgrsmjlgs bgn prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds, nf ljrif tíklmkf pgruflf G3;3 yf gstæ mlknumbf mlknumbf gl gn Gtfds, gstj qumgrg qumgrg bgkmr qug fn krgfr gn gspgktrj sésimkj sjnj sjnj sgræ lgkgsfrmj sgngkkmjlfr nf Ljrif qug sg glkugltrf f`é pfrf fdrmr ulf lugvf vgltflf y ijbmomkfr kjl njs bftjs qug tfidmíl gstæl gl nf ljrif.

 Omeurf ;0. Gspgktrj [msimkj Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf ;=.Bgomlmkmûl bg nf oulkmûl bgn gspgktrj sésimkj Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

k) Njfb K Kffsgs [jnfigltg sg jdtmglg njs njfb kfsgs prgvmfigltg bgomlmbj nfs kfrefs qug fpnmkfijs f gstf gstrukturf gs bgkmr njs njfb Sfttgrls yf qug futjiætmkfigltg sg krgf nfs kfrefs, sjnfigltg qug pfrf nf kfref bg smsij sg fpnmkf gn gspgktrj nj kufn sg rgfnmzû prgvmfigltg.

 

 Omeurf 23. _gltflf bg Njfb Kfsgs Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

b) Njfb Njfb Kj Kjid idml mlft ftmj mjl l Bft Bftff Nfs kjidmlfkmjlgs bg kfrefs sg fpnmkfrjl kjij gstf gl nf Ljrif G.3;3, pjr nj tfltj, sg föfbmû föfb mû nfs = kjidmlf kjidmlfkmjlg kmjlgs. s. Fn föfbmr föfbmr sg ijbm ijbmomkf omkf sus vfnjrgs pjr kfbf kjidmlfk kjidmlfkmûl, mûl, kjij sg iugstrf g nf mifegl.

 Omeurf 26. _gltflf bg Njfb Kjidmlftmjl Bftf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Kfdg rgsfntfr qug sg fpnmkû ulf kfref fbmkmjlfn qug nf `gijs nnfifbj Glvjnvgltg nf kufn kjltmglg nfs = kjidmlfkmjlgs bg kfref kjl nf omlfnmbfb bg bmsgöfr nf gstrukturf. Gs mipjrtfltg qug fn krgfrnf sg bgdg ijbmomkfr gn tmpj bg flænmsms bgn prjerfif yf qug gs ul tmpj glvjnvgltg y pjr bgogktj smgiprg gstf kjij nmlgfn.

 

Iûbunj bg Gnfstmkmbfb Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

g) Ifss [ [jjurkg B Bfftf Sfrf gstmifr gn pgsj tjtfn bg nf gbmomkfkmûl, ljs ljs `gijs eumfbj bg nf lj ljrif rif G.3;3 yf qug ljs bmkg kjij gstmifr gn pgsj tjtfn y iuk`j bgpglbg bg ul pjrkgltfhg bg kfref vmvf y bg nf kftgejréf bg nf gbmomkfkmûl. Sfrf gstg kfsj gs ulf gbmomkfkmûl tmpj „K’ yf qug gs ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg vmvmglbf, pj pjrr nj tfltj, sg tjiû gn 47 % bg nf kf kfref ref vmvf. Kjij sg iugstrf iugstrf gl nf mifegl sg ijbmomkû gn ljidrg y njs vfnjrgs, fbgiæs sg ijbmomkû gn tmpj bg ifsf qug sg kjlsmbgrf, gl gstg kfsj sg utmnmzû Kfref gspgkmfn.

 Omeurf 24. _gltflf bg Ifss [jurkg Bftf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

2. 2.4. 4.2. 2.

Fsme Fsmelf lfkm kmûl ûl y b bms mstr trmd mduk ukmû mûl l bg bg K Kfr fref efss

f) Tg Tgsstr trmk mkkkmûl mûl Wlf vgz bmduhfbj tjbf nf gstrukturf sg prjkgbg f rgfnmzfr nfs rgstrmkkmjlgs bg nfs dfsgs, sgöfnflbj gl nf dfsg tjbf nf pnfltf y fsmelflbj rgstrmkkmjlgs bg tmpj gipjtrfbj.

 Omeurf 2;. _gltflf bg Tgstrmkkmjlgs Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

d) Fsmel Fsmelfk fkmûl mûl bg kfref kfrefss Omlfnigltg fsmelfijs nfs kfrefs bg nfs njsfs ([`gnn njfbs) bg ulf iflgrf ulmojrig, gl bjlbg jdsgrvfijs qug bgdéfijs kjnjkfr sgngkkmjlflbj nf njsf, nugej gn tmpj bg kfref y  pjr øntmij gn vfnjr bg nf kfref, smgiprg tglmglbj gl kugltf nfs ulmbfbgs. Gstg imsij  prjkgbmimgltj sg rgfnmzû rgfnmzû pfrf nf Kfref Iugrtf Iugrtf y Kfref _mvf.

 Omeurf 22. Fsmelfkmûl bg Kfref Iugrtf Ougltg8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf 27. Fsmelfkmûl bg Kfref _mvf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

2.4.7. Flænmsms [ésimkj f) Ijb Ijbjs js y Sgrmj Sgrmjbjs bjs Tg Tgsun suntfl tfltgs tgs Rfdnf ;5  Ijbjs y Sgrmjbjs bg nf gbmomkfkmûl

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

IJBJ 6 ‛ (R 9 3.??5)

 Omeurf 2?. Bgojrifkmûl bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj fn ijbj 6 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

IJBJ 4 ‛ (R 9 3.?33)

 Omeurf 25. Bgojrifkmûl bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj fn ijbj 4 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

IJBJ ; ‛ (R 9 3.25;)

 Omeurf 20. Bgojrifkmûl bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj fn ijbj ; Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

d) Ofktjr bg Mrr Mrrgeunfrmbfb geunfrmbfb [msij P8 Mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn Rfdnf ;0  Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn bgn gbmomkmj gl nf bmrgkkmûl P  [M[IJ

P

Smsj Fzjtgf 7 2

; 4 6 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Ifx

KI

Srji

3.4545 3.;7?2 3.;240 3.4=46 3.470; 3.65=2

3.44=? 3.40?7 3.457? 3.4736 3.4306 3.62??

3.42246 3.4?5;4 3.42234 3.43406 3.60642 3.6=;47

Ifx/ KI 6.6= 6.42 6.42 6.65 6.42 6.42

Ifx/ Srji 6.64 6.;; 6.67 6.34 6.43 6.43

Kjlbmkmûl Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr  

 

[msij ]8 Mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn Rfdnf ;=  Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn bgn gbmomkmj gl nf bmrgkkmûl ]  Ifx [M[IJ ]

Smsj Fzjtgf 27

; 4 6 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Ifx 3.6445 3.6425 3.66;5 3.3=27 3.3077 3.37?2

KI 3.305; 3.307 3.35=; 3.3537 3.3750 3.3720

Srji 3.3=24 3.3007 3.350? 3.3?;5 3.354 3.666

/KI Ifx/Srji 6.26 6.; 6.25 6.26 6.2; 6.24 6.;2 6.;6 6.20 6.6= 6.3; 3.76

Kjlbmkmûl Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr  

Gl gstg kfsj lj `fy mrrgeunfrmbfbgs yf qug ΒIFP/ΒSrji gs ifyjr qug 6.; pgrj igljr f 6.7. Omlfnigltg, Omlfnigltg, sg fpnmkû nf rgeunf rgeunfrmbfb rmbfb gl fidjs sgltmb sgltmbjs, js, sg jdtmglg ul ofktjr  bg Tgbukkmûl sésimkj (T) pfrf gn smsij gl P, ].

T P 9 0

T ] 9 0

k) Kjltr Kjltrjn jn Bg Bgs Bgspnf pnfzfi zfimgl mgltjs tjs Nftgr Nftgrfng fngss Nf Ljrif gspgkéomkf pfrf gn kænkunj bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs nftgrfngs bg nfs gstrukturfs qug sjl rgeunfrgs sg bgdg iuntmpnmkfr pjr 3.57 vgkgs gn vfnjr bg T, bg njs rgsuntfbjs bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs jdtglmbjs gl gn flænmsms. Sfrf gstrukturfs rgeunfrgs sg bgdg iuntmpnmkfr pjr 6.33 vgkgs gn vfnjr bg T, bg njs rgsuntfbjs bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs jdtglmbjs pjr gn flænmsms. F su vgz nf ljrif mlbmkf qug gn iæxmij bgspnfzfimgltj rgnftmvj bg gltrgpmsj lj bgdgræ gxkgbgr nf orfkkmûl bg nf fnturf bg gltrgpmsj, gstfdngkmglbj qug pfrf gstrukturfs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj gs meufn f 3.335 y pfrf fndfömngréf gs 3.337.Fsé tglgijs Bgrmvfs bg njs 7  pmsjs y gl nfs bjs bmrgkkmjl bmrgkkmjlgs gs prmlkmpfngs bgn ggbmomkmj, bmomkmj, bgn [msij gl P8

 

Rfdnf 23  Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl P  [tjry Iæxmif Fzjtgf 7 2 ; 4 6

Kfref

Bgrmvfs

[BP [BP [BP [BP [BP [BP

3.332 3.337 3.337 3.332 3.332 3.334

Bgrmvf Sgrimsmdng 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335

Kjlbmkmûl Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja  

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Fsé tglgijs Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs y gl nfs bjs bmrgkkmjlgs prmlkmpfngs bgn gbmomkmj, bgn [msij gl ]8 Rfdnf 26  Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl ]  [tjry

Kfref

Bgrmvfs

Fzjtgf 7 2 ; 4 6

[B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [BP

3.334 3.334 3.336 3.336 3.336 3.336

Bgrmvf Iæxmif Sgrimsmdng 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335

Kjlbmkmûl Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja  

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

b) Hultf Hultf bg bg [g [gpfr pfrfkm fkmûl ûl [é [ésim simkf kf Sfrf gvmtfr gn kjltfktj burfltg ul ijvmimgltj sésimkj nfs gstrukturfs bgdgl gstfr sgpfrfbf  pjr ulf bmstflkmf iélmif kjl nf gstrukturf kjnmlbfltg, nf kufn bgdg sgr meufn fn ifyjr bg njs smeumgltgs vfnjrgs8 4/; bg nf suif bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs iæxmijs bg njs dnjqugs fbyfkgltgs j ; ki. Nf gstrukturf sg rgtmrfræ bg njs néimtgs bg prjpmgbfb kjnmlbfltg f jtrjs njtgs gbmomkfdngs, j kjl gbmomkfkmjlgs, pfrf gnnj nf bmstflkmfs lj bgdgr sgr igljr bg 4/; bgn bgspnfzfimgltj bgspnfzfimgl tj iæxmij kfnkunfbj, sgeøl gn luigrfn 7.6 bg nf ljrif G 3;3. Omlfnigltg sg tjiû ulf hultf sésimkf fbgkufbf pfrf bg nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl8

 

[g gstmiû nf hultf sésimkf tjtfn bg 7.73 ki gl gn pmsj 6 f nf Fzjtgf gl nf bmrgkkmûl P. [g gstmiû nf hultf sésimkf tjtfn bg 7.73 ki gl gn pmsj 6 f nf Fzjtgf gl nf bmrgkkmûl ].

 

Rfdnf 24  Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (P-P) (P-P) [tjry

Njfb

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj

Fzjtgf R7 R2 R; R4 R6

[P [P [P [P [P [P

3.336304 3.3367?0 3.334;43 3.334=;2 3.33;455 3.334=?3

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj Kjrrgembj 3.?2=4 3.=230333 6.;=43333 6.5?32333 6.=??4333 6.55?3333

Bgsp. fbi

Ifx. Bgspnfz

4.6 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=?

3.3647=; 3.36;675 3.36670= 3.33=4?= 3.33?;;7 3.33;370 3.3333=0

Ifx. Bgspnfz Kjrrgembj 5.7? 5.0= ?.=7 7.7? ;.03 6.0;

Hultf (ki) 7.32 7.4? 2.?2 ;.56 4.7; 6.44

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Rfdnf 2;  Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (]-]) [tjry

Njfb

Fzjtgf R7 R2 R; R4 R6

[] [] [] [] [] []

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj 3.33356; 3.336;?7 3.33462? 3.334503 3.33;6=4 3.33;632

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj Kjrrgembj 3.2450 3.06=3333 6.405?333 6.??03333 6.=674333 6.0?42333

Bgsp.

Ifx.

Fbi. 4.6 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=?

Bgspnfz 3.36;;;= 3.364?4? 3.3664?6 3.33=667 3.33?;;7 3.33;62; 3.3333;=

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

g) Flænms Flænmsms ms Gs Gstæt tætmkj mkj y Flæn Flænmsm msmss bmlæim bmlæimkj kj

Ifx. Bgspnfz Kjrrgembj 0.33 5.70 ?.5? 7.25 ;.03 6.0=

Hultf (ki) 7.;2 7.37 2.73 ;.?7 4.7; 6.4?

 Omeurf 2=. Kænkunj bg kjrtfltg sésimkj

 

2. 2.4. 4.?. ?. f)

Bm Bmsg sgöj öj bg njs njs gng gngig iglt ltjs js gst gstru rukt ktur urfn fngs gs

Bmsgöj bg _mefs

Rjifijs kjij rgogrglkmf gn fkgrj bg 7/0’ j gl njs pgjrgs kfsjs gn fkgrj bg ¼’ yf sgf  pfrf kfsjs gxkgpkmjl gxkgpkmjlfngs fngs kjij kfrefs bg hfrbél j bg pmskmlf, nj kufngs rgqumgrgl ul rgojrzfimg rgojrz fimgltj ltj ifyjr. Fbgiæ Fbgiæs, s, pfrf ulf vmef qug sg rgpmtg gl tjbjs njs lmvgng lmvgngss nf kufn kûij pjbgijs vgr ljs iugstrf qug pfrf gn fkgrj njlemtubmlfn rgqumgrg 4 omgrrjs bg 7/0’, fbmkmjlfnigltg f gnnj sg lgkgsmtf rgojrzfr tfltj gn fkgrj pjsmtmvj kjij lgeftmvj pfrf gnnj sg fpnmkfræ ulf vfrmnnf bg fkgrj bg ¹’.

 Omeurf 73. Ghgipnj bg Fkgrj bg _mef gl Gtfds Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Gs pjr gnnj qug, pfrf bmsgöfr nfs vmefs, pjbrgijs jdsgrvfr gn ærgf bg fkgrj bg tjbfs nfs vmefs pjr kfbf pnfltf, gl bjlbg ljs ijstrfræ gn ærgf bg fkgrj bgn ijigltj pjsmtmvj y bgn ijigltj lgeftmvj.

 Omeurf 76. Ærgfs bg Fkgrj bg _mefs

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

[mgiprg sg bgdg vgrmomkfr gn ijigltj, nfs bgongxmjlgs y nf ougrzf kjrtfltg qug ljs bf bg rgsuntfbj nf vmef qug gstfijs flfnmzflbj pfrf gnnj, gl gn prjerfif mlojriftmvj Gtfds, ljs iugstrf nf jpkmûl pfrf pjbgr vgrmomkfr bg ulf iflgrf gxfktf y vgrmomkflbj qug kuipnf kjl njs pfræigtrjs iélmijs qug sg iglkmjlf gl nf Ljrif G3?3.

 Omeurf 74. Bmferfifs bg ijigltj y bgongxmjlgs bg kfref iugrtf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf 7;. Bmferfifs bg ijigltj y bgongxmjlgs bg kfref vmvf d) Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs k)

Bmsgöj bg Kjnuilfs

Sfrf gn bmsgöj bg kjnuilfs sg bgtgrimlû igbmfltg gn pjrkgltfhg bg kufltéf, nf kufn vf bgpglbgr bg nf kfref qug sg fpnmkû f nf njsf y tfidmíl bg nf sgkkmûl kjl nf qug sg bmsgöû.

 Omeurf 72. Sjrkgltfhg bg kufltéfs bg nfs vmefs bg ul lmvgn Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

[mgiprg gs lgkgsfrmj tglgr gl kugltf y vgrmomkfr gn bmferfif bg mltgrfkkmûl pfrf kjljkgr nf kurvf y qug kuipnf kjl nj qug sg gstmpunf gl nf Ljrif G3?3.

 

 Omeurf 77. Bmferfifs bg mltgrfkkmûl Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Omlfnigltg, fn kuipnmr tjbjs njs rgqugrmimgltjs lgkgsfrmjs y vgrmomkfr kjl njs  pfræigtrjs iélmijs gstmpunfbjs gl nf Ljrif G3?3 sg prjkgbg fn bmsgöj qug erfkmfs fn  prjerfif Gtfds ljs drmlbf gn pjrkgltfhg pjrkgltfhg bg nf kufltéf y gn ærgf bg fkgrj qug rgqumgrg bmk`f kjnuilf. Sfrf gstf kjnuilf bg 47 ki. x ?3 ki bg sgkkmûl sg rgqumgrg ul ærgf bg fkgrj bg 4;.5= ki4 pfrf nj kufn sg lgkgsmtfræ 64 omgrrjs bg 7/0’.

 Omeurf 7?. Bmferfifs bgNjs ijigltj Gnfdjrfbj8 Futjrgsbg nf Kjnuilf

 

b)

Bmsgöj bg Njsf

Gl gn kfsj bgn bmsgöj bg njsf, sg bmsgöû f pfrtg kjij sm ougrf ulf vmef smipngigltg fpjyfbf kjl nf nuz qug `fdéfijs bgtgrimlfbj fn mlmkmj y kjl nf sgkkmûl bgn fnmegrfbj.

 Omeurf 75. Bgomlmkmûl bg nf sgkkmûl bg nf njsf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

[g fpnmkf nfs kfrefs qug prgvmfigltg `gijs igtrfbj y qug gn Gtfds ljs drmlbf sjdrg gn ijigltj bgn smsij pfrf pjbgr f pfrtmr bg gnnj jdtglgr gn bmsgöj bg nf kjnuilf.

 Omeurf 70. Kfrefs bmstrmdumbfs y ijigltj bg smsij bg Njsf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Omlfnigltg, jdtglgijs njs bmferfifs y glvjnvgltg bg ijigltjs ongktjrgs y bg nfs ougrzfs kjrtfltgs, fsé imsij jdtglgijs gn rgougrzj bg ongxmûl gl bjlbg jdtuvmijs gn ærgf bg fkgrj pfrf nf ;njsf fnmegrfbf bg 43 ki. F pfrtmr bg gnnj pubmijs bgomlmr gn fkgrj qug mlknumijs pfrf gstg pföj gn kufn oug 6 vfrmnnf njlemtubmlfn bg ;/0’ y bg rgougrzj pfrf gn fkgrj pjsmtmvj gs bg 6 vfrmnnf bg ¹’.

 

 Omeurf 7=. bmferfifs y glvjnvgltg bg ijigltjs bg nf Njsf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 Omeurf ?3. Tgougrzj bg Ongxmûl Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf ?6. Bmferfif Ijigltj Ongktjr y Ougrzf Kjrtfltg Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

2.;.. Bms 2.; Bmsgöj göj kjl gn Iítj Iítjbj bj Rrf Rrfbmk bmkmjl mjlfn fn 2.;.6.. Gstr 2.;.6 Gstruktur ukturfkmû fkmûl l y prgb prgbmiglk miglkmjlfi mjlfimgltj mgltj Nf gstrukturfkmûl y prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj qug sg ng bf fn prjygktj bgdg kuipnmr nfs bmspjsmkmjlgs frqumtgktûlmkfs frqumtgktûlmkfs fn meufn qug njs rgqumsmtjs gstrukturfngs.

f) Kr Krmt mtgr grmj mjss b bgg G Gst stru rukt ktur urfn fngs gs [mipnmkmbfb y smigtréf Bf ulf ifyjr prjdfdmnmbfb bg prgbgkmr gn kjipjrtfimgltj sésimkj bg nf gstrukturf bgdmbj f su smipnmkmbfb.

 

Fsu vgz, nf [mipnmkmbfb gl mbgfnmzfr gn ijbgnj gstrukturfn sésimkj gs iæs kjlomfdng, bgdmbj qug nf gstrukturf gs smiítrmkf. Fbgiæs, bmsimluyg nfs pjsmdmnmbfbgs bg kjigtgr  grrjrgs gl njs prjkgsjs kjlstruktmvjs bgn prjygktj, bgdmbj qug `fy gngigltjs j gstrukturfs tépmkfs.

Wlmojrimbfb bg y kjltmlumbfb bg nf gstrukturf Nf gstrukturf bgn prjygktj gs kjltmluf tfltj gl su gngvfkmûl kjij f lmvgn bg pnfltf, gstj bgkmbj qug sg duskf qug njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs tfltj vgrtmkfngs kjij `jrmzjltfngs lj kfidmgl bg iflgrf druskf su rmembgz.

@mpgrgstftmkmbfb y ijljnmtmsij Nf gstrukturf tmglg `mpgrgstftmkmbfb, gn kufn duskf ighjrfr nf kfpfkmbfb rgsmstgltg bgn gbmomkmj orgltg f ougrzfs `jrmzjltfngs j ougrzfs sésimkfs, gstj bgdmbj qug ojrif rjtunfs  pnæstmkfs gl nf gstrukturf, qug fyubfr f bmspgrsfr y fijrtmeufr nf glgreéf qug prjbukg ul smsij. Gn ijljnmtmsij gs ul krmtgrmj mipjrtfltg, bgdmbj qug sg duskû qug nf gstrukturf sg kjipjrtg kjij sm ougrf ul ølmkj gngigltj gstrukturfn.

Tmembgz Nftgrfn Nf gstrukturfkmûl bgn gbmomkmj bgdg kuipnmr njs nmlgfimgltjs qug sg mlbmkfl gl nf ljrif smsijrrgsmstgltg (G.3;3), pfrf fsé rgsmstmr nfs ougrzfs `jrmzjltfngs sml tglgr  kjlsgkuglkmfs bg bgojrifkmjlgs mipjrtfltgs gl njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs, nj kufn pjbréf eglgrfr bföjs kjlsmbgrfdngs gl nf gstrukturf. Gs pjr gnnj qug gs lgkgsfrmj qug nf gstrukturf kugltf kjl gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs kjij kjnuilfs, pnfkfs j iurjs pjrtfltgs, nj kufn pugbfl ojrifr pûrtmkjs kjl nfs vmefs pfrf fsé tglgr ulf ifyjr rmembgz nftgrfn.

 

 Omeurf ?4. Gstrukturfkmûl f trfvís bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

d) Srgb Srgbmi migl glsm smjl jlfi fimg mglt ltjj Njsf Fnmegrfbf Sfrf rgfnmzfr gn bmiglsmjlfimgltj bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf, kfnkunfijs gn pgrfntg rgspgktj f nf nuz nmdrg qug gxmstg gltrg njs sjpjrtgs sjpjrtgs bg nf njsf. Sfrf gnnj gnnj `gijs tjifbj kjij rgogrglk rgogrglkmf mf nf nuz nmdrg iæs krétmkf bg nf njsf, gn kufn sg glkugltrf gltrf gn ghg 4 y gn ghg 2. [g rgkjimglbf rgfnmzfr nf smeumgltg rgnfkmûl8

Sgrfntg bgn Fnmegrfbj (`) 9

9

9 65 ki

_grmomkflbj gn pgrfntg bg nf nuz nmdrg, tglgijs qug sg bgdg bmiglsmjlfr kjl 65 ki  pfrf gn pgrfntg bg nf njsf, lj jdstfltg, sg prgomrmû usfr gn pgrfntg bg 43 ki pfrf tglgr ul ighjr kjipjrtfimgltj réembj, fbgiæs bg kuipnmr kjl gn krmtgrmj rgkjiglbfbj, gn kufn ljs mlbmkf qug sg bgdg kjnjkfr ` 9 43 ki pfrf njs trfijs qug vfl bgsbg 2.33 i f 7.73 i.

Njsfs Ifkmzfs Tgspgktj Tgsp gktj f nfs njsf njsfss ifkmzfs ifkmzfs,, sg pugbg pugbg fprgkmf fprgkmfrr qug njs pföjs sjl trfijs pgqugöjs pgqugöjs,, udmkfbj gl njs vjnfbmzjs y gskfngrf, bjlbg pjbréf jkurrmr ulf ofnnf bg bmforfeif réembj, gs  pjr gnnj qug sg jptû qug gn pgrfntg bg nf njsf ifkmzj sgf bg 43 ki fn meufn qug gn bg nf njsf fnmegrfbj, fbgiæs fbgiæs kuipnmglbj nj mlbmkfbj gl ggnn krmtgrmj rgkjiglbfbj, gn kufn gn pgrfntg  pfrf nfs nukgs igljrgs igljrgs bg ?.73 i bgdg sgr 43 ki ki..

_mefs K`ftfs Nfs _mefs k`ftfs lj sjl vmefs gstrukturfngs, gs pjr gnnj qug gn pgrfntg gs gn imsij qug tmglg nf njsf fnmegrfbf j ifkmzf sgeøl sgf gn kfsj kjl ul flk`j vfrmfdng sgeøl nf kfref  prgsgltfbf, pjr nj qug sg pugbg fipnmfr j bmsimlumr sgeøl sgf kjlvglmgltg kjlvglmgltg,, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf qug gn flk`j lj sgf f igljr fn flk`j bgn iurj.

_mefs Sgrfntfbfs Sfrf bmiglsmjlfr nfs vmefs pgrfntfbfs, nj `gijs rgfnmzfbj gl oulkmûl fn trfij nmdrg gltrg fpjyjs, pfrf gnnj `gijs utmnmzfbj gn smeumgltg krmtgrmj8 Sgrfntg (`) 9

 

Fbgiæs, nfs vmefs gstrukturfngs j pgrfntfbfs tglbræl ul flk`j bg 47 ki, gstj bgdmbj qug gl nf ljrif bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj sg gspgkmomkf qug njs gngigltjs rgsmstgltgs f ougrzfs nftgrfngs lj bgdgl sgr igljr f 47 ki, fbgiæs qug pfrf kfsjs prfktmkj sg rgkjimglbfl qug nf dfsg bg kuipnmr nf smeumgltg gxprgsmûl8 Dfsg(d) 9

û

F su vgz kjl gn jdhgtmvj bg ulmojrimzfr njs pgrfntgs bg nfs vmefs gstrukturfngs, `gijs gskjembj kjij pgrfntg eglgrfn 3.73 i, y nf dfsg 3.47 i.

 

 Omeurf ?;. Bmstrmdukmûl bg _mefs Sgrfntfbfs Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Rfdnf 22  Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj bg _mefs Sgrfntfbfs Sgrfntfbfs _mef

_mef 36 _mef 34 _mef 3; _mef 32 _mef 37 _mef 3? _mef 35 _mef 30 _mef 3= _mef 63 _mef 66 _mef 64

_mef 6; _mef 62 _mef 67 _mef 6?

Rrfij

Nl (i)

Nl / 64

` (i)

36 34 3; 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 34 3; 36 36 34 3; 36 36 34 3; 36 34 3; 36 36 34 3; 36

;.63 ;.73 ;.;7 ;.73 ;.53 ;.53 ;.73 ;.53 ;.53 ;.53 ;.73 ;.53 ;.53 ;.43 ;.73 ;.27 ;.53 ;.33 ;.73 ;.63 ;.?; ;.?4 7.=7 4.07 ;.00 ;.?4 ?.33 4.07

3.4? 3.4= 3.40 3.4= 3.;6 3.;6 3.4= 3.;6 3.;6 3.;6 3.4= 3.;6 3.;6 3.45 3.4= 3.4= 3.;6 3.47 3.4= 3.4? 3.;3 3.;3 3.73 3.42 3.;4 3.;3 3.73 3.42

;;..0?04 ?.33 ;.?; ;.?4 7.=7

33..;;34 3.73 3.;3 3.;3 3.73

3364 3; 36 _mef 60 34 3; Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs _mef 65

` fsuimbf (i)

d (i)

d fsuimbf (i)

3.;3 3.;3 3.;3 3.;3 3.;7 3.;7 3.;3 3.;7 3.;7 3.;7 3.;3 3.;7 3.;7 3.;3 3.;3 3.;3 3.;7 3.47 3.;3 3.;3 3.;3 3.;3 3.73 3.47 3.;3 3.;3 3.;7 3.47

3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73

3.67 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.60 3.60 3.67 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.67 3.60 3.60 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.60 3.6; 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.47 3.6; 3.67 3.67 3.60 3.6;

3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47

33..;;33 3.;7 3.;3 3.;3 3.73

3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.73

3.67 3.67 3.60 3.67 3.67 3.47

3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47

Kjnuilf Rglmglbj gl kugltf qug nf udmkfkmûl bg nfs kjnuilfs gstæ nmimtfbf f nfs rgstrmkkmjlgs bgn  pnflj frqumtgktûlmkj bgn prjygktj, prjygktj, y qug gn ærgf trmdutfrmf lj gs tfl erflbg, fbgiæs sg trftf bg ul prjygktj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl ul sgimsûtflj, pjr nj kufn nf kfref f sjpjrtfr lj gs bg erfl glvgrefburf. [g `f utmnmzfbj bjs gxprgsmjlgs pfrf pjbgr jdtglgr gn ærgf bg nfs

kjnuilfs sgeøl nf udmkfkmûl8

 

K. Kgltrfbf

8

K. Gs Gsqumlfbf /K /K. G Gxxkíltrmkf

8

9

9

Bjlbg8   9 S x F. Rrmd. P

L³ bg pmsjs

Sfrf gnnj bgdgijs sfdgr qug gn Sgsj (S) gs sgeøl gn tmpj bg kftgejréf bg nf gbmomkfkmûl, gn kufn pjbréf sgr njs smeumgltgs8 Kftgejréf F8

S 9 6733 ae/i4

Kftgejréf D8

S 9 6473 ae/i4

Kftgejréf K8

S 9 6333 ae/i4

Rjiflbj kjij ghgipnj nf kjnuilf K5, gn kufn gs ulf kjnuilf kgltrfbf y vf bgsbg gn sgimsûtflj `fstf gn qumltj pmsj.

 Omeurf ?2. Ærgf Rrmdutfrmf bg Kjnuilf Ghgipnj Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Gltjlkgs sfdmglbj gn ærgf trmdutfrmf, gn pgsj sgeøl gn tmpj bg kftgejréf y gn løigrj bg pmsjs, sg pugbg `fnnfr gn

.

  9 6333 ae/i4 x 6?.5; i4 x ? pmsjs

  9 633,;03 ae

Nugej `fnnfijs gn ærgf bg kjnuilf, sfdmglbj qug sg trftf bg ulf kjnuilf kgltrfbf kjl ul o”k bg 463 ae/ki4. 9

 

9 63?4.44 ki4

[geøl gn ærgf bg kjnuilf jdtglmbf `gijs jptfbj pjr ulf kjnuilf bg 47 ki x 73 ki4 gn kufn kuipng kjl nj sjnmkmtfbj.

Gskfngrf Sfrf nf gskfngrf bgdgijs bgomlmr njs trfijs, gn pfsj y kjltrfpfsj, gl gsg kfsj gstfijs rgfnmzflbj gn trfij tépmkj bgn prjygktj, rgspgktj fn pfsj y kjltrfpfsj gstfijs tjiflbj nj qug sg mlbmkf gl njs pnfljs bg frqumtgkturf, bjlbg gn pfsj (S) 9 3.47 i. y gn kjltrfpfsj (KS) 9 3.657 i.

 Omeurf ?7. Gskfngrf tépmkf

Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn gspgsjr bg nf Njsf bg nf gskfngrf, utmnmzflbj nf smeumgltg gxprgsmûl8 t9

9

9 3.3? i

[ml gidfrej, gl gstg kfsj ljs eumfrgijs bg nf frqumtgkturf bjlbg gn pnflj mlbmkf 3.67 i. Nugej prjsgeumijs `fnnflbj nf fnturf prjigbmj (`i) bg nf gskfngrf, utmnmzflbj nf smeumgltg gxprgsmûl8

`i 9 ` +

+

9

@fnnflbj kjsÐ8 kjs Ð 9

9

9 3.04 i.

kjs Ð 9 3.04 i. Gltjlkgs rgipnfzflbj rgipnfzflbj gl nf gxprgsmûl bg fnturf prjigbmj (`i), tglgijs8

`i 9

+

9 3.45i

`i 9 3.45i Rglgijs qug gn `i gs bg 3.45 i., f su vgz gn S gs bg 3.47 i., gn KS gs bg 3.657 i y t gs bg 3.67 i.

2. 2.;. ;.4. 4. Ig Igtr trfb fbjj bg Kf Kfre refs fs Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Njsf Fnmegrfbf [g rgfnmzf flfnmzflbj ulf vmeugtf tépmkf bg nf njsf fnmegrfbf, gn kufn tmglg ul flk`j bg 3.23

i, fbgiæs sg bgdg tjifr gl kjlsmbgrfkmûl nfs kfrefs iugrtfs (KI) y kfrefs vmvfs (K_) qug fktøfl sjdrg nf vmeugrtf. Nfs njsfs fnmegrfbfs `fl smbj bgomlmbfs kjl ul pgrfntg bg 3.43

 

its gl njs kmlkj lmvgngs, f su vgz sgeøl nf ljrif, sg bgomlg gn pgsj prjpmj bg 3.;3 tjl/i4 rgspgktmvfigltg. Rfdnf 27  Sgsj Srjpmj bg nf Njsf sgeøl su gspgsjr  Gspgsjr bg Njsf (i) Njsmtf

Gspgsjr bg

Sgsj Srjpmj (Rjl/i4)

(i) 3.65 3.43 3.47 3.;3 Ougltg8 Ljrif bg Kfrefs (G.343) Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

3.37 3.37 3.37 3.37

3.40 3.;3 3.;7 3.24

Nfs kfrefs iugrtfs (KI) qug fktøfl gl nf vmeugtf vglbréfl `fkgr gn pgsj prjpmj bg nf njsf fnmegrfbj, gn pgsj bgn fkfdfbj bgn pmsj tgrimlfbj sg kjlsmbgrflbj 3.63 tjl/i4. Sfrf nf tfdmqugréf (iurjs bg fndfömngréf) kjl bmrgkkmûl pgrpglbmkunfr f nf bmrgkkmûl bg nf vmeugtf sg igtrf kjij kjij sm ougrf ulf kf kfref ref pultu pultufn, fn, pfrf gn kfs kfsjj bg nf tfdmqugréf tfdmqugréf gl bmrgkkmûl bmrgkkmûl  pfrfngnf f nf vmeugtf sg igtrf kjij sm ougrf ulf kfref bmstrmdumbf fktufltg f nj nfrej bg nf njlemtub bgn iurj bg fndfömngréf. Nfs kfrefs vmvfs sjl gstfdngkmbfs pjr ljrif, bg fkugrbj fn usj qug sg bf glkmif bg nf vmeugtf. Rfdnf 2?  Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Njsf Fnmegrfbf Fnmegrfbf Kfref Iugrtf

Kfref Sgsj Srjpmj

Jpgrfkmjlgs 3.;3 tjl/i4 x 3.23 i 9 3.64 tjl/i

Tgsuntfbj

Smsj Rg Rgrimlfbj Rfdmqugréf tjl/i

3.63 tj tjl/i4 x 3.23 i 9 3. 3.32 ttjjl/i 3.60 tjl/i4 x 3.23 i 9 3.35

KI 9 3.4; tjl/i

3.43 tjl/i4 x 3.23 i 9 3.30 tjl/i

K_ 9 3.30 ttjjl/i

Kfref [jdrg Kfref _mvf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

 Omeurf ??. Bmstrmdukmûl bg Kfref bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Njsf Ifkmzf Sfrf rgfnmzfr gn igtrfbj bg kfref bg ulf njsf ifkmzf vfijs f kjlsmbgrfr nfs kfrefs iugrtfs (KI) y kfrefs vmvfs (K_) qug fktøfl gl 6 i. bg flk`j. Fbgiæs, gl gstg kfsj gstfijs utmnmzflbj lf njsf ifkmzf bgdmbj qug sg glkugltrf kjnmlbfltg f ulf fdgrturf gl nf pnfltf kjij gs gn kfsj bg nf gskfngrf. Rfdnf 25  Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Njsf Ifkmzf Kfref Kfref Iugrtf

Sgsj prjpmj Smsj tgrimlfbj Rfdmqugréf

Kfref [jdrg Kfref _mvf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Jpgrfkmjlgs

Tgsuntfbj

3.43 tjl/ii x 6.33 i x 4.23 tjl/i; 9 3.20 3.63 tjl/i4 x 6.33 i 9 3.63 tjl/i 3.60 tjl/i4 x 6.33 i 9 3.60 tjl/i

KI 9 3.5? 3.5? tjl/i

3.43 tjl/i4 x 6.33 i 9 3.43 tjl/i

K_ 9 3.43 ttjjl/i

Omeurf ?5. Bmstrmdukmûl bg Kfref bg nf Njsf Ifkmzf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg _mefs Gn igtrfbj bg Kfref bg nfs vmefs gstrukturfngs, sg bgdgl tjifr gl kugltf tjbjs njs gngigltjs qug sg glkugltrfl qug nf zjlf bg mlonuglkmf. Sfrf gnnj bgdgijs sfdgr qug gn ærgf trmdutfrmf gs nf pfrtg gogktmvf qug fktøf gl nf vmef, gn kufn sg fsuig qug nf zjlf bg mlonuglkmf gstæ kfrefbf. Gn ærgf trmdutfrmf sg kjlsmbgrf nf imtfb bg nf bmstflkmf gltrg vmefs  pfrfngnfs, gstj sm gltrg nfs vmefs sg glkugltrfl njsfs fnmegrfbfs y ifkmzfs bg ulf bmrgkkmûl. Sfrf njsfs fnmegrfbfs y njsfs ifkmzfs bg bjs bmrgkkmjlgs gn ærgf trmdutfrmf gs bg ojrif trfpgzjmbfn.

 Omeurf ?0. Ærgf Rrmdutfrmf bg nf _mef bg ojrif rgktfleunfr  Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 Omeurf ?=. Ærgf Rrmdutfrmf bg nf _mef bg ojrif trfpgzjmbfn Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Igtrfbj bg Kfref bg Kjnuilfs Gn igtrfbj bg kfrefs bg nfs kjnuilfs sg bgdg kjlsmbgrfr nfs kfrefs qug prjbukgl njs gngigltjs udmkfbjs gl su ærgf bg mlonuglkmf gl kfbf pmsj. Gn ærgf bg mlonuglkmf bg nf kjnuilf kjnu ilf gstæ nmimt nmimtfbf fbf pjr tjbjs njs gngigltj gngigltjss (njsf (njsfss y vmefs) vmefs) kjltmeujs kjltmeujs bg nf kjnuilf kjnuilf,,  pfrf gnnj bgdgijs tglgr gl kugltf qug gn ærgf trmdutfrmf gs nf imtfb bgn ærgf bg mlonuglkmf sgeøl nf ljrif G.43. @fnnflbj nf Kfref Iugrtf8 Rfdnf 20  Igtrfbj bg Kfref Iugrtf bg Kjnilf Kjnilf Smsj Fzjtgf

Kfref S. fkfdfbjs S. pgsj prjpmj

Smsj 7

S. vmefs S. fnmegrfbj S. fkfdfbjs S. tfdmqugréf

Smsj 2 Smsj ;

Smsj 6

4.23 x (3.47 x 3.73 x (;.?4/4 + ;.05/4 + ;.73/4 + ;.27 /4)) 3.;3 x ((6.57x4.63) + (6.=3x4.63) + (6.57x6.=2) + (6.=3x6.=2)) 3.63 x ((6.57x4.63) + (6.=3x4.63) + (6.57x6.=2) + (6.=3x6.=2)) 6.03 x (3.67 x 4.77 x (6.03+3.5;) + 3.63 x 4.77 x (2.33+3.27+6.57+6.33)

6.?5 6.?5 tjl 3.02

S. Snfltf 6.?5

4.65 2.24

6;.=?

6.25 7.3?

67.?; tjl

Sgsj pnfltf bg pmsj ; Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 2

4=.7= tjl

Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj ;

2;.77 tjl

6;.=?

S. pgsj prjpmj

S. vmefs S. fnmegrfbj S. fkfdfbjs S. tfdmqugréf S. pgsj prjpmj

[gim -

3.63 x 6?.5; Sgsj Rjtfn Fzjtgf 4.23 x (3.47 x 3.73 x 4.03)

Tgsuntfbj

Sgsj pnfltf bg pmsj 2 Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 7

Sgsj pnfltf bg pmsj 4

Smsj 4

Jpgrfkmûl

6;.=? 6;.=?

Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 4 4.23 x (3.47 x 3.73 x ;.37)

4.23 x (3.47 x 3.73 x (;.?4/4 + ;.05/4 + ;.73/4 + ;.27 /4)) 3.;3 x ((6.57x4.63) + (6.=3x4.63) + (6.57x6.=2) + (6.=3x6.=2)) 3.63 x ((6.57x4.63) + (6.=3x4.63) + (6.57x6.=2) + (6.=3x6.=2)) 6.03 x (3.67 x 4.77 x (6.03+3.5;) + 3.63 x 4.77 x (2.33+3.27+6.57+6.33) Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 6 4.23 x (3.47 x 3.73 x 4.53) 4.23 x (3.47 x 3.73 x (;.?4/4 + ;.05/4 +

75.76 tjl 3.=4

4.65 2.24 6.25 7.3? 56.77 tjl 3.06

62.32

sûtflj

S. vmefs S. fnmegrfbj S. fkfdfbjs

4.65

;.73/4 + ;.27 /4)) 3.;3 x ((6.57x4.63) + (6.=3x4.63) + (6.57x6.=2) + (6.=3x6.=2)) 3.63 x ((6.57x4.63) + (6.=3x4.63) + (6.57x6.=2) + (6.=3x6.=2)) Sgsj Rjtfn [gimsûtflj

2.24

0.05

6.25 03.24 tjl

Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

@fnnflbj nf Kfref _mvf8 Sfrf bgtgrimlfr nfs kfrefs vmvfs bg kfbf pmsj bgn gbmomkmj, sg usû ulf sjdrg kfref bg 3.43 tjl/i4 y pfrf nf fzjtgf 3.63 tjl/i4. Rfdnf 2=  Igtrfbj bg Kfref _mvf bg Kjnuilf Kjnuilf Smsj Fzjtgf Smsj 7 Smsj 2 Smsj ; Smsj 4

Kfref [/K [/K [/K [/K [/K

[/K Smsj 6 [/K [gim sûtflj Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Jpgrfkmûl 6?.5; x 3.6 Sgsj Rjtfn Fzjtgf 6?.5; x 3.4 Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 7 6?.5; x 3.4 Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 2 6?.5; x 3.4 Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj ; 6?.5; x 3.4 Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 4 6?.5; x 3.4 Sgsj Rjtfn Smsj 6 6?.5; x 3.4 Sgsj Rjtfn [gimsûtflj

2.;.;. 2.; .;. Bms Bmsgöj göj bg nnjs js gngigl gngigltjs tjs gstrukturfngs Bmsgöj bg Njsf Fnmegrfbf Wtmnmzflbj nf Kfref Wntmif bgn igtrfbj bg kfrefs Rfdnf 73 Kfref Wntmif bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf Kfref Wntmif Uu 9 6.2 (B) + 6.5 (N) Uu 9 6.2 x 3.44; Rjl/i + 6.5 x 3.30 Rjl/i Uu 9 3.;62 + 3.6;? Uu 9 3.27 Rjl/i Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Tgsuntfbj 6.?5 6.?5 tjl ;.;7 2.=0 tjl ;.;7 0.;; tjl ;.;7 66.?0 tjl ;.;7 67.3; tjl ;.;7 60.;0 tjl ;.;7 46.5; tjl

 

 Omeurf 53. Bmferfif bg Ijigltjs bg nf Njsf Fnmegrf. Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Sfrf kfsj præktmkj `gijs tjifbj kjij ghgipnj njs pföjs qug sg glkugltrfl gltrg njs ghgs 6 ‛ 4 y F ‛ B

Sföj 68 Rmglg kjij njlemtub ;.53 i Iu9

(Uu*N´)/42 9

3.4?

Il 9

Iu/3.= 9

3.4=

Iu9 Iu9

(Uu*N´)/ = 9 (Uu*N´)/62 9

3.?0 3.22

Il 9 Il 9

Iu/3.= 9 Iu/3.= 9

3.5? 3.2=

Sföj 48 Rmglg kjij njlemtub ;.73 i Iu9

(Uu*N´)/42 9

3.4;

Il 9 Iu/3.= 9

3.4?

Iu9 Iu9

(Uu*N´)/= 9 (Uu*N´)/62 9

3.?6 3.;=

Il 9 Iu/3.= 9 Il 9 Iu/3.= 9

3.?0 3.22

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Kgltrfn (-) Sfrf Il 9 3.5?, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf vmeugtf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki y nf dfsg gs bg 63 ki. Gltjlkgs B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj8 f 9 43 % (65)

f 9 ;.23 ki

 

Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.6= ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 4.03 ki

Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.65 ki4

Kjiprjdflbj „f’ f9

9

f 9 4.5? ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg 6.65 ki4 9 6Ð6/4’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8 s9

9

9 23 ki

 

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð6/4’C3.23 i. Sfrf Il 9 3.?0, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ;

ki.

Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf vmeugtf (`) ( `) gs meufn f 43 ki y nf dfsg gs bg 63 Gltjlkgs B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn

„f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 4.03 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.32 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 4.27 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

Fs 9 6.3; ki4

9

 

6;3

Kjiprjdflbj „f’ f9 9 f 9 4.2; ki-------------(ja)

 

6;6

Nf kufltéf bg 6.3; ki4 9 6Ð6/4’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8

 

6;4

s9

9

9 23 ki

 

6;;

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð6/4’C3.23 i.

 

Kjiprjdflbj „f’ f9 9 f 9 6.32 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.24 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.== ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg 3.24 ki4 9 6Ð;/0’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8

s9

9

9 23 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð;/0’C3.23 i. Sfrf Il 9 3.4?, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf vmeugtf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki y nf dfsg gs bg 63 ki. Gltjlkgs B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki

 

6;7 Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 3.== ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.;0 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.=3 ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg 3.;0 ki4 9 6Ð;/0’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8

s9

9

9 23 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð;/0’C3.23 i.

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Sjsmtmvj (+) Sfrf Il 9 3.2=, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf vmeugtf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki y nf dfsg gs bg 63 ki. Gltjlkgs B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki

 

Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 3.=3 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.56 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 6.?0 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf.

Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.5; ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 6.54 ki-------------(ja)

 

Nf kufltéf bg 3.5; ki4 9 6Ð;/0’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8 s9

9

9 23 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð;/0’C3.23 i. Sfrf Il 9 3.22, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf vmeugtf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki y nf dfsg gs bg 63 ki. Gltjlkgs B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 6.54 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.?7 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 6.7; ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf.

 

Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.?7 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’ f9

9

f 9 6.7; ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg 3.?7 ki4 9 6Ð;/0’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8

s9

9

9 23 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð;/0’C3.23 i.

@fnnflbj Fkgrj Iélmij Nugej bg `fdgr `fnnfbj nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj pfrf kfbf Ijigltj Ljimlfn, vgrmomkfijs qug kuipnf kjl gn fkgrj imij. Fs iml 9

)

9

Fs iml 9

)

Fs iml 9 3.75 ki4-------------(ja) Sfrf njs pföjs tjifbjs tjifbjs kjij ghgipnj ghgipnj præktmkj sg bgdg kkuipnmr uipnmr qug nf kufltéf iélmif qug bgdgl bg tglgr gs bg 3.75 ki4 Nf kufltéf bg 3.75 ki4 9 6Ð;/0’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8 s9

9

9 23 ki

 

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð;/0’C3.23 i.

 Omeurf 56. Bmstrmdukmûl bg Fkgrj bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

@fnnflbj Fkgrj bg Rgipgrfturf Sfrf `fnnfr gn fkgrj bg tgipgrfturf tglgijs gl kugltf qug nf dfsg gs bg 6.33 i j 633.33 ki y gn gspgsjr bg nf njsmtf 7.33 ki. Fs 9 3.3360 x d x t Fs 9 3.3360 x 633 x 7 Fs 9 3.=3 ki4-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg 3.=3 ki4 9 ;Ð6/2’, kjl ulf sgpfrfkmûl bg8 s9

9

9 ;;.;; ki

[mi gidfrej nf sgpfrfkmûl iæxmif bg vfrmnnfs gs 7t gs bgkmr 7 vgkgs gn gspgsjr bg nf Njsf8 3.37 x 3.37 9 3.47 ki Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug tglgijs8 6Ð6/2’C3.47 i.

 

 Omeurf 54. Bmstrmdukmûl bgn Fkgrj bg Rgipgrfturf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

_grmomkflbj kjrtfltg iæxmij rgspgktj f nf rgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj @fnnflbj gn kjrtfltg iæxmij8

_u 9 6.67 x

9 6.67 x

_u 9 3.=? Rl

_l 9

9

_l 9 6.40 Rl---------Ougrzf qug trftf bg kjrtfr  @fnnflbj nf Tgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj f nf Kjrtfltg8

_k 9 6.63 x 3.7; x

xdxb

_k 9 6.63 x 3.7; x

x 63 x 65

_k 9 6.2;? Rl Nf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtfltg _k gs ifyjr f nf ougrzf _l qug trftf bg kjrtfr, pjr glbg, gs kjrrgktf nf vgrmomkfkmûl.

 

 Omeurf 5;. _mstf bg Snfltf Omlfn bg nf Njsf Fnmegrfbf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Bmsgöj bg Njsf Ifkmzf Wtmnmzflbj nf Kfref Wntmif bgn igtrfbj bg kfrefs Rfdnf 76 Kfref Wntmif bg nf Njsf Ifkmzf Kfref Wntmif Uu 9 6.2 (B) + 6.5 (N) Uu 9 6.2 x 3.5? Rjl/i + 6.5 x 3.43 Rjl/i Uu 9 6.3?2 Rjl/i + 3.;2 Rjl/i Uu 9 6.26 Rjl/i Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Sfrf gn kfsj bgn prjygktj, kjltfijs kjl njsfs ifkmzfs bg trfijs pgqugöjs smtufbjs gl gn vjnfbmzj y gl nf gskfngrf. Iu9 Iu9

(Uu*N´)/42 9 (Uu*N´)/62 9

3.54 6.4;

Il 9 Il 9

Iu/3.= 9 Iu/3.= 9

3.03 6.;5

 

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Lgeftmvj (-) Sfrf Il 9 3.03, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf njsf ifkmzf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki y tjifijs kjij ulf dfsg bg njsf ifkmzf bg 6.33 i j 633 ki. Gltjlkgs gn pgrfntg gogktmvj pfrf njs fkgrjs pjsmtmvjs y lgeftmvjs gs bg8 B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki. Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj8 f 9 43 % (65) f 9 ;.23 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.47 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.;3 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.6; ki4

 

62;

Kjiprjdflbj „f’ f9 9 f 9 3.45 ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg 6.6; ki4 pjr 6.33 i, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj bg 0 ii. s9

9

9 3.23 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj pfrf gn fkgrj lgeftmvj8 6Ð0iiC3.23 6Ð0iiC3.23 i.  i.

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Sjsmtmvj (+) Sfrf Il 9 6.;5, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf njsf ifkmzf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki y nf dfsg gs bg 633 ki. Gltjlkgs B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki

Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 3.45 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.=2 ki4

 

Kjiprjdflbj „f’ f9 9 f 9 3.2? ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 6.=7 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.2? ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg 6.=7 ki4 pjr 6.33 i, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj bg ;/0’. s9

9

s 9 23 ki Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj pfrf gn fkgrj lgeftmvj8 6Ð;/0’C3.23 i.

 

627

@fnnflbj Tgougrzj Rrflsvgrsfn Rrflsvgrsfn Sfrf `fnnfr gn fkgrj bg rgougrzj trflsvgrsfn utmnmzfrgijs gn ofktjr bg 3.3360 j gn fkgrj iélmij. Fs 9 3.3360 x d x ` Fs 9 3.3360 x 633 x 43 Fs 9 ;.? ki4 Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.?3 ki4 pjr 6.33 i, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj bg ;/0’. s9

9

s 9 3.43 ki Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj pfrf gn fkgrj lgeftmvj8 6Ð;/0’C3.43 i.

_grmomkflbj kjrtfltg iæxmij rgspgktj f nf rgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj @fnnflbj gn kjrtfltg iæxmij8

_u 9 6.67 x

9 6.67 x

_u 9 4.0; Rl

_l 9

9

_l 9 ;.50 Rl---------Ougrzf qug trftf bg kjrtfr 

 

@fnnflbj nf Tgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj f nf Kjrtfltg8 _k 9 3.7; x

xdxb

_k 9 3.7; x

x 633 x 65

_k 9 6;.37 Rl Nf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtfltg _k gs ifyjr f nf ougrzf _l qug trftf bg kjrtfr, pjr glbg, gs kjrrgktf nf vgrmomkfkmûl.

 Omeurf 52. _mstf bg Snfltf bg Njsf Ifkmzf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Bmsgöj bg Gskfngrf Nf gskfngrf kugltf kjl bjs trfijs bgomlmbjs, nf kufngs sjl gn bgskflsj y nf gskfngrf  prjpmfigltg bmk`j. bmk`j. Rfdnf 74 Kfref Wntmif bg Bgskflsj Uu 9 Uu 9

Kfref Wntmif 6.2 (B) + 6.2 x 3.70 Rjl/i +

Uu 9 3.064 Rjl/i Uu 9 Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

+ 6.?5 Rjl/i

6.5 (N) 6.5 x 3.733 Rjl/i 3.07 Rjl/i

Rfdnf 7; Kfref Wntmif bg Gskfngrf Kfref Wntmif Uu 9 6.2 (B) + 6.5 (N) Uu 9 6.2 x 3.520 Rjl/i + 6.5 x 3.733 Rjl/i Uu 9 6.325Rjl/i + 3.07 Rjl/i Uu 9 6.=3 Rjl/i Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Sfrf gn kfsj bgn prjygktj, kjltfijs kjl njsfs ifkmzfs bg trfijs pgqugöjs smtufbjs gl gn vjnfbmzj y gl nf gskfngrf. Iu9

(Uu*N´)/64 9

3.;?

Il 9

Iu/3.= 9

3.23

Iu9

(Uu*N´)/42 9

3.30

Il 9

Iu/3.= 9

3.3=

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Lgeftmvj (-) Sfrf Il 9 3.23, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf gskfngrf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki, fbgiæs gn flk`j bg dfsg fsuimijs kjij sm ougrf ulf njzf ifkmzf, gltjlkgs gn pgrfntg gs bg8 B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki.

Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj8 f 9 43 % (65) f 9 ;.23 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.?; ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.67 ki

Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’

mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf.

 

Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.75 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.62 ki-------------(ja)

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj pjsmtmvj (-) Sfrf Il 9 3.3=, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug gn pgrfntg bg nf gskfngrf (`) gs meufn f 43 ki, fbgiæs gn flk`j bg dfsg fsuimijs kjij sm ougrf ulf njzf ifkmzf, gltjlkgs gn pgrfntg gs bg8 B 9 43 ki ‛ ; ki 9 65 ki. Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj8 f 9 3.62 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 3.6; ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 3.32 ki

 

@fnnflbj Fkgrj Iélmij Bgskflsj Sfrf `fnnfr gn fkgrj bg tgipgrfturf tglgijs gl kugltf qug nf dfsg gs bg 6.33 i j 633.33 ki y gn gspgsjr bg nf njsmtf 7.33 ki.

Fs 9 3.3360 x d x ` Fs 9 3.3360 x 633 x 43 Fs 9 ;.?3 ki4-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.?3 ki4 pjr 6.33 i, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj bg ;/0’. s9

9

9 3.43 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj pfrf gn fkgrj lgeftmvj8 6Ð;/0’C3.43 i.

@fnnflbj Fkgrj Iélmij Gskfngrf Sfrf `fnnfr gn fkgrj bg tgipgrfturf tglgijs gl kugltf qug nf dfsg gs bg 6.33 i j 633.33 ki y gn gspgsjr bg nf njsmtf 7.33 ki. Fs 9 3.3360 x d x ` Fs 9 3.3360 x 633 x 67 Fs 9 4.53 ki4-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.?3 ki4 pjr 6.33 i, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj bg ;/0’. s9

9

9 3.47 ki

Rglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj pfrf gn fkgrj lgeftmvj8 6Ð;/0’C3.47 i.

 

_grmomkflbj kjrtfltg iæxmij rgspgktj f nf rgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj @fnnflbj gn kjrtfltg iæxmij pfrf gn bgskflsj8

_u 9 6.67 x

9 6.67 x

_u 9 6.67 Rl

_l 9

9

_l 9 6.7; Rl---------Ougrzf qug trftf bg kjrtfr  @fnnflbj nf Tgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj f nf Kjrtfltg pfrf gn bgskflsj8

_k 9 3.7; x

xdxb

_k 9 3.7; x

x 63 x 65

_k 9 6.;6 Rl Nf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtfltg _k gs ifyjr f nf ougrzf _l qug trftf bg kjrtfr, pjr glbg, gs kjrrgktf nf vgrmomkfkmûl bgn bgskflsj bg nf gskfngrf. @fnnflbj gn kjrtfltg iæxmij pfrf nf gskfngrf8

_u 9 6.67 x

9 6.67 x

_u 9 6.?; Rl

_l 9

9

_l 9 4.6= Rl---------Ougrzf qug trftf bg kjrtfr 

 

@fnnflbj nf Tgsmstglkmf bgn kjlkrgtj f nf Kjrtfltg pfrf nf gskfngrf8

_k 9 3.7; x

xdxb

_k 9 3.7; x

x 633 x 64

_k 9 =.46 Rl Nf rgsmstglkmf fn kjrtfltg _k gs ifyjr f nf ougrzf _l qug trftf bg kjrtfr, pjr glbg, gs kjrrgktf nf vgrmomkfkmûl bg nf gskfngrf.

 Omeurf 57. Bmsgöj bg Gskfngrf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Bmsgöj bg _mef Wtmnmzflbj nf Kfref Wntmif bgn igtrfbj bg kfrefs bgn prmigr pmsj Rfdnf 72  Igtrfbj Wntmij Srmigr Smsj Uu 9 Uu 9 Uu 9 Uu 9

Kfref Wntmif 6.2 (B) + 6.5 (N) 6.2 x 4.;7 Rjl/i + 6.5 x 4.;3 Rjl/i ;.4= Rjl/i + ;.=6 Rjl/i 5.43 Rjl/i

Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Sfrf gn kfsj præktmkj bgn prjygktj, kjltfijs kjl ulf vmef bg ul trfij. Iu9 Iu9

(Uu*N´)/6? 9 (Uu*N´)/62 9

7.76 ?.;3

Il 9 Il 9

Iu/3.= 9 Iu/3.= 9

?.6; 5.33

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Lgeftmvj (-) Sfrf Il 9 ?.6;, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug nf fnturf bg nf vmef (`) gs meufn f 73 ki y gn flk`j bg nf imsif gs bg 47 ki. Gltjlkgs gn gn pgrfntg gogktmvj pfrf njs fkgrjs pjs pjsmtmvjs mtmvjs y lgeftmvjs gs bg8 B 9 73 ki ‛ ? ki 9 22 ki. Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj8 f 9 43 % (22) f 9 0.03 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.?= ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.20 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs

gxfktf.

 

Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.2? ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.4? ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf.

Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.27 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.47 ki-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.47 ki4, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr  kjnjkfr fkgrj bg 4 Ð 7/0’.

 

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Sjsmvj (+) Sfrf Il 9 5.33, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug nf fnturf bg nf vmef (`) gs meufn f 73 ki y gn flk`j bg nf imsif gs bg 47 ki. Gltjlkgs gn pgrfntg gogktmvj pfrf njs fkgrjs pjsmtmvjs y lgeftmvjs gs bg8 B 9 73 ki ‛ ? ki 9 22 ki. Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 ;. 47 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.=2 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.56 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.=? ki4

 

Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.5; ki Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.3= ki4, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj bg 4 Ð 7/0’.

@fnnflbj Fkgrj Iélmij Nugej bg `fdgr `fnnfbj nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj pfrf kfbf Ijigltj Ljimlfn, vgrmomkfijs qug kuipnf kjl gn fkgrj imij.

Fs iml 9

)

Fs iml 9

9

)

Fs iml 9 ;.?5 ki4-------------(ja) Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj iélmij qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.?5 ki4, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf  pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj fkgrj bg 4 Ð 7/0’.

@fnnflbj Fkgrj Iæxmij Nugej bg `fdgr `fnnfbj nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj pfrf kfbf Ijigltj Ljimlfn, vgrmomkfijs qug kuipnf kjl gn fkgrj iæxmij. Fs 9 3.336= * d * b 9

Fs 9 33.3 .36= 6= * 47 47 * 22 9 43 43.= .=33 ki4 ki4

Bmsgöj Sjr Kjrtg _k 9 3.07 x 3.7; x

xdxb

_k 9 3.07 x 3.7; x

x 22 x 47

_k 9 5.60 Rl

Gltjlkgs, gn fkgrj pjr kjrtg gs gn iélmij 6 Ð ;/0 C 3.37 i, 7 Ð ;/0 C 3.63 i, Tgstj f 47 ki.

 

 Omeurf 5?. Bmsgöj bg _mef Srmigr Smsj Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Wtmnmzflbj nf Kfref Wntmif bgn igtrfbj bg kfrefs bgn Kufrtj pmsj Rfdnf 77  Igtrfbj Wntmij Kufrtj Smsj Uu 9 Uu 9 Uu 9 Uu 9

Kfref Wntmif 6.2 (B) + 6.5 (N) 6.2 x 4.63 Rjl/i + 6.5 x 4.67 Rjl/i 4.=2 Rjl/i + ;.?? Rjl/i ?.?3 Rjl/i

Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Sfrf gn kfsj præktmkj bgn prjygktj, kjltfijs kjl ulf vmef bg ul trfij.

Iu9 Iu9

(Uu*N´)/6? 9 (Uu*N´)/62 9

7.37 7.53

Il 9 Il 9

Iu/3.= 9 Iu/3.= 9

7.?3 ?.23

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Lgeftmvj (-) Sfrf Il 9 7.?3, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug nf fnturf bg nf vmef (`) gs meufn f 73 ki y gn flk`j bg nf imsif gs bg 47 ki. Gltjlkgs gn pgrfntg gogktmvj pfrf njs fkgrjs pjsmtmvjs y lgeftmvjs gs bg8 B 9 73 ki ‛ ? ki 9 22 ki.

 

Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj8 f 9 43 % (22) f 9 0.03 ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.;5 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.60 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf.

Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.67 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 4.=5 ki

 

Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.62 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 4.=? ki Nf kufltéf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqu rgqumgr mgrgg gs bg ;.62ki ;.62ki4, 4, gs pjr gnn gnnjj qug sg jptf pjr  kjnjkfr fkgrj bg 6 Ð 7/0’ + 6 Ð 6/4’.

@fnnflbj nf kufltéf bg Fkgrj Lgeftmvj (-) Sfrf Il 9 ?.23, bjlbg B 9 ` ‛ ; Sfrf gnnj sfdgijs qug nf fnturf bg nf vmef (`) gs meufn f 73 ki y gn flk`j bg nf imsif gs bg 47 ki. Gltjlkgs gn pgrfntg gogktmvj pfrf njs fkgrjs pjsmtmvjs y lgeftmvjs gs bg8 B 9 73 ki ‛ ? ki 9 22 ki. Nugej pfrf kfsjs præktmkjs, gn f 9 43% bg B, sml gidfrej, sg rgkjimglbf kjnjkfr gn „f’ bg nf kjiprjdfkmûl bgn prmigr ijigltj `fnnfbj, gs bgkmr8 f 9 4.=? ki Srjsgeumijs `fnnflbj gn Fs8 Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.7= ki4

 

Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.;0 ki Fn tglgr ulf bmogrglkmf ifyjr bg 3.63 ki gltrg njs „f’, bgdgijs ijbmomkfr gn „f’ mlmkmfn pjr gn „f’ jdtglmbj gl nf kjiprjdfkmûl, pfrf jdtglgr ul rgsuntfbj ulf kufltéf iæs gxfktf. Fs 9

9

Fs 9 ;.?6 ki4 Kjiprjdflbj „f’

f9

9

f 9 ;.23 ki Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.3= ki4, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf pjr  kjnjkfr fkgrj bg 4 Ð 7/0’.

@fnnflbj Fkgrj Iélmij Nugej bg `fdgr `fnnfbj nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj pfrf kfbf Ijigltj Ljimlfn, vgrmomkfijs qug kuipnf kjl gn fkgrj imij.

Fs iml 9

)

9

Fs iml 9 ;.?5 ki4-------------(ja)

Fs iml 9

)

Nf kufltéf bg fkgrj iélmij qug sg rgqumgrg gs bg ;.?5 ki4, gs pjr gnnj qug sg jptf  pjr kjnjkfr fkgrj fkgrj bg 4 Ð 7/0’.

 

Bmsgöj Sjr Kjrtg _k 9 3.07 x 3.7; x

xdxb

_k 9 3.07 x 3.7; x

x 22 x 47

_k 9 5.60 Rl Gltjlkgs, gn fkgrj pjr kjrtg8 Gstrmdjs 6 Ð ;/0’ C 3.37 i, 7 Ð ;/0’ C 3.63 i, Tgstj f 47 ki.

 Omeurf 55. Bmsgöj bg _mef Vumltj Smsj Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Bmsgöj bg Kjnuilf Bmsgöj pjr ongxj kjiprgsmûl Su < 3.6 x o²k x Fe Bjlbg Fe 9 ærgf drutf bg nf kjnuilf, 47 x ?3 9 6733 ki4 Gltjlkgs8 3.6 x 463 x 6733 9 ;6.73 tjl Fs iml9 3.36 x 47 x ?3 9 67 ki4 Fs ifx 9 3.3? x 47 x ?3 9 =3 ki4 Fsuimijs gn fkgrj Njlemtubmlfn8 64 Ð 7/0’. Fs kjnjkfbj 9 64 x 6.==9 4;.00 ki4, gn kufn sg glkugltrf gltrg gn rflej bg fkgrj iélmij y iæxmij, tglmglbj ul p 96.7= % Ougrzf Fxmfn 9 62=. 7; tjl

Ijigltj 9 2.4? Bmferfif bg Mltgrfkkmûl8

 

 Omeurf 50. Bmferfif bg Mltgrfkkmûl bg nf Kjnuilf I.R. Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

 Omeurf 5=. Bmsgöj fkgrj Njlemtubmlfn bg kjnuilf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

Bmsgöj pjr kjrtfltg8 _k

9 3.7;

_k 9 3.7; x _k9 63.57 x (6+

x d x b (6+ x 47 x 7? x (6+

) )

)

_k 9 60.23 tjl Gltjlkgs kjiprjdflbj kjiprjdflbj _u ≧ Ð_K, tglgijs nf smeumgltg gxprgsmûl pfrf vgrmomkfr gn _k.

47.;6 tjl ≧ 3.07 x 60.23 47.;6 tjl ≧ 67.?2 tjl ….. (ja)

 

F su vgz _s 9

‛ _k, gltjlkgs tglgijs nf smeumgltg gxprgsmûl8

_s 9 ‛ 67.?2 _s 9 62.62 tjl Sfrf nf sgpfrfkmûl bg gstrmdj `gijs utmnmzfbj vfrmnnfs bg Ð ;/0’, gn kufn tmglg ul Fv 9 3.56 ki4, gltjlkgs tglgijs nj smeumgltg8

_s 9 Fv x o”y x [9 (4 x 3.56) x 2433 x [9 4;.? 4;.?44 ki [ml gidfrej, sgeøl nf ljrif tíklmkf pgruflf G.3?3 gl gn kfpétunj 46 frtmkunj 46.2.7. ljs mlbmkf qug gl njs gxtrgijs bg njs gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs bgdg bg gxmstmr ulf zjlf bg kjlomlfimgltj. Sfrf nf zjlf bg kjlomlfimgltj tglgijs nj smgeumgltg8 -

0 vgkgs gn Ð bg nf vfrmnnf Njlemtubmlfn 9 0 x (4.72 x 7/0’) 9 64.54 ki.

-

Nf imtfb bg sgkkmûl igljr bgn gngigltj 9 47 / 4 9 64.73 ki.

-

63 ki.

Sfrf nf zjlf kgltrfn bgn gngigltj, ljs mlbmkf qug nf sgpfrfkmûl bgdg sgr ifyjr f ;3 ki. Gltjlkgs, gn fkgrj pjr kjrtg8 Gstrmdjs ;/0’ Ð8 6 C 3.37 i, 7 Ð ;/0’ C 3.63 i, Tgstj f 47 ki.

 

 Omeurf 03.[gpfrfkmûl bg gstrmdjs bg kjnuilf Gnfdjrfkmûl8 Njs Futjrgs

_grmomkfkmûl bg Gsdgntgz Bjlbg A 9 6 (njlemtub gogktmvf) r 9 3.;3 x 73 9 67 ki (gn kufn pugbg sgr 3.; vgkgs nf bmiglsmûl bg nf bmrgkkmûl bg flænmsms. Gltjlkgs nf Gsdgntgz sg pugbg gxprgsfr gl8

9

≢ 44

≢ 44

6?.?5 ≢ 44 …… (ja)

 

2.;.2.

Flænmsms sésimkj

f) Bgspnf Bgspnfzf zfimg imgltj ltj pjr Kfr Kfref ef _mvf _mvf y Iugr Iugrtf tf

 Omeurf 06. Bgojrifkmûl pjr kfref iugrtf bgn Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 Omeurf 04. Bgojrifkmûl pjr kfref vmvf bgn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

d) Sgsj Sgsj bg nf Gstr Gstruk uktu turf rf Gn pgsj bg nf gstrukturf sg jdtuvj bgn lmvgn kjl ifyjr kfref, gl gstg kfsj ljs rgogrmijs f nfs kfrefs iugrtfs y vmvfs qug gstfijs kjlsmbgrflbj. Tgspgktj fn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn qug `gijs fpnmkfbj, nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj fogktfræl gl ulf erfl prjpjrkmûl gn pgsj bg nf gstrukturf. [mgiprg `fy qug tglgr prgsgltg qug gn pgsj nj `gijs jdtglmbj ougrjl sgeøl njs bftjs bgn Gtfds kjl rgspgktj fn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn y omlfnigltg fpnmkfijs nj qug ljs bmkg nf  Ljrif G3;3, gl bjlbg8

Sgsj 9 KI + (K_ * 47%) Rfdnf 7?  Sgsj bgn Lmvgn kjl Ifyjr Kfref bgn Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn  Rrfbmkmjlfn  [tjry Fzjtgf Fzjtgf Fzjtgf Fzjtgf Smsj 7 Smsj 7 Smsj 7 Smsj 7 Smsj 2 Smsj 2 Smsj 2 Smsj 2 Smsj ; Smsj ; Smsj ; Smsj ; Smsj 4 Smsj 4 Smsj 4 Smsj 4 Smsj 6 Smsj 6 Smsj 6 Smsj 6

Jutput Kfsg Bgfb Bgfb Nmvg Nmvg Bgfb Bgfb Nmvg Nmvg Bgfb Bgfb Nmvg Nmvg Bgfb Bgfb Nmvg Nmvg Bgfb Bgfb Nmvg Nmvg Bgfb Bgfb Nmvg Nmvg

Njkftmjl Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji Rjp Djttji RJRFN

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

S 60.==5? 42.?=0 4.5?=; 4.5?=; 65?.0=42 433.337? ;4.7?;7 ;4.7?;7 ;4=.6475 ;27.=475 70.=?6; 70.=?6; 254.60?2 2=?.57;= =?.=27 =?.=27 ?6=.4?36 ?4?.3?36 644.2605 644.2605 55=.0?3; 55=.0?3; 643.34?7 643.34?7 9 03=.0??=47

_P

_]

R

IP

I]

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

6?4.3;?0 467.==72 42.3?=7 42.3?=7 6;76.457 62?=.47; 4?5.?400 4?5.?400 47;=.620= 4?75.64?= 766.6006 766.6006 ;545.344= ;027.333= 572.525; 572.525; 2=62.0=?= 73;4.052= ==0.;3?? ==0.;3?? ?632.7272 ?4;;.3756 6426.0?7= 6426.0?7=

-600.;=27 -42=.;25= -40.40?4 -40.40?4 -660?.7320 -6402.;?20 -442.4=40 -442.4=40 -43=6.0=54 -460=.5754 -243.4==7 -243.4==7 -4==5.40=5 -;3=7.62=5 -?6?.;3?4 -?6?.;3?4 -;=34.?046 -2333.7246 -064.;64= -064.;64= -203=.4=5= -2=67.0=72 -6330.;6=? -6330.;6=?

 

k) Ofkt Ofktjr jr bg bg MMrr rrge geun unfr frmb mbfb fb [msij P8 Mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn Rfdnf 75  Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn gl nf bmrgkkmûl P bgn I.R. I.R. [msij

Smsj Fzjtgf 7 2

Ifx 3.4545 3.;7?2 P 3.;240 ; 3.4=46 4 3.470; 6 3.65=2 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

KI 3.44=? 3.40?7 3.457? 3.4736 3.4306 3.62??

Srji 3.42246 3.4?5;4 3.42234 3.43406 3.60642 3.6=;47

Ifx/KI 6.6= 6.42 6.42 6.65 6.42 6.42

Ifx/Srji 6.64 6.;; 6.67 6.34 6.43 6.43

Kjlbmkmûl Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr  

[msij ]8 Mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn Rfdnf 70  Ofktjr bg mrrgeunfrmbfb tjrsmjlfn gl nf bmrgkkmûl ] bgn I.R. I.R. [msij

Smsj Fzjtgf 7 2

Ifx 3.6445 3.6425 ] 3.66;5 ; 3.3=27 4 3.3077 6 3.37?2 Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

KI 3.305; 3.307 3.35=; 3.3537 3.3750 3.3720

Srji 3.3=24 3.3007 3.350? 3.3?;5 3.354 3.666

Ifx/KI 6.26 6.25 6.2; 6.;2 6.20 6.3;

Ifx/Srji 6.; 6.26 6.24 6.;6 6.6= 3.76

Kjlbmkmûl Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr   Tgeunfr  

Gl gstg kfsj lj `fy mrrgeunfrmbfbgs yf qug ΒIFP/ΒSrji gs ifyjr qug 6.; pgrj igljr f 6.7. Omlfnigltg, sg fpnmkû nf rgeunfrmbfb gl fidjs sgltmbjs, sg jdtmglg ul ofktjr  bg Tgbukkmûl sésimkj (T) pfrf gn smsij gl P, ].

T P 9 0

T ] 9 0

b) Kjltr Kjltrjn jn B Bgg Bgspn Bgspnfz fzfim fimglt gltjs js N Nftg ftgrfn rfngs gs Nf Ljrif gstfdngkg qug gn kænkunj bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs nftgrfngs, pfrf gstrukturfs rgeunfrgs sg `fræ iuntmpnmkflbj pjr 3.57 vgkgs gn vfnjr bg T njs rgsuntfbjs bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs jdtglmbjs gl gn flænmsms. Sfrf gstrukturfs rgeunfrgs sg `fræ iuntmpnmkflbj

 pjr 6.33 vgkgs gn gn vfnjr bg T njs rgsuntf rgsuntfbjs bjs bg njs bgspnf bgspnfzfimgltjs zfimgltjs jdtglmbjs jdtglmbjs pjr gn flænmsms. Nf Ljrif tfidmíl gstfdngkg qug gn iæxmij bgspnfzfimgltj rgnftmvj bg gltrgpmsj lj

 

bgdgræ gxkgbgr nf orfkkmûl bg nf fnturf bg gltrgpmsj qug pfrf gstrukturfs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj gs meufn f 3.335 y pfrf fndfömngréf gs 3.337. Fsé tglgijs8 Rfdnf 7=  Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl P bgn I.R. [tjry Iæxmif Fzjtgf 7 2 ; 4 6

Kfref

Bgrmvfs

[BP [BP [BP [BP [BP [BP

3.332 3.337 3.337 3.337 3.332 3.33;

Bgrmvf Sgrimsmdng 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335

Kjlbmkmûl Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja  

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Rfdnf ?3  Bgrmvfs bg njs 7 pmsjs bgn [msij gl ] bgn I.R. [tjry Iæxmif Fzjtgf 7 2 ; 4 6

Kfref

Bgrmvfs

[B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [BP

3.334 3.334 3.334 3.334 3.336 3.336

Bgrmvf Sgrimsmdng 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335 3.335

Kjlbmkmûl Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja   Ja  

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

g) Hult Hultff bg [gpf [gpfrf rfkm kmûl ûl [é [ési simk mkff Sfrf gvmtfr gn kjltfktj burfltg ul ijvmimgltj sésimkj, tjbf gstrukturf bgdg gstfr sgpfrfbf bg nfs gstrukturfs vgkmlfs ulf bmstflkmf iélmif s, nf kufn bgdg sgr meufn fn ifyjr bg njs smeumgltgs vfnjrgs8 4/; bg nf suif bg njs bgspnfzfimgltjs iæxmijs bg njs dnjqugs fbyfkgltgs j ; ki. Gn gbmomkmj sg rgtmrfræ bg njs néimtgs bg prjpmgbfb fbyfkgltgs f jtrjs njtgs gbmomkfdngs, j kjl gbmomkfkmjlgs, bmstflkmfs lj igljrgs bg 4/; bgn bgspnfzfimgltj iæxmij kfnkunfbj sgeøl gn luigrfn 7.6 bg nf ljrif G 3;3. Omlfnigltg sg tjiû ulf hultf

sésimkf fbgkufbf pfrf bg nf smeumgltg bmstrmdukmûl8 

[g gstmiû nf hultf sésimkf tjtfn bg 7.73 ki gl gn pmsj 6 f nf Fzjtgf gl nf bmrgkkmûl P.



[g gstmiû nf hultf sésimkf tjtfn bg 7.73 ki gl gn pmsj 6 f nf Fzjtgf gl nf bmrgkkmûl ].

 

Rfdnf ?6  Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (P-P) (P-P) I.R. [tjry

Njfb

Fzjtgf R7 R2 R; R4 R6

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj

[P [P [P [P [P [P

3.336304 3.3367?0 3.334;43 3.334=;2 3.33;455 3.334=?3

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj Kjrrgembj

Bgsp. Fbi.

Ifx. Bgspnfz

3.?2=4 3.=230333 6.;=43333 6.5?32333 6.=??4333 6.55?3333

4.6 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=?

3.3647=; 3.36;675 3.36670= 3.33=4?= 3.33?;;7 3.33;370 3.3333=0

Ifx. Bgspnfz Kjrrgembj

Hultf (ki)

5.7? 5.0= ?.=7 7.7? ;.03 6.0;

7.32 7.4? 2.?2 ;.56 4.7; 6.44

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Rfdnf ?4  Bgspnfzfimgltjs bg Gltrgpmsj y Hultf Gstmifbf. (]-]) I.R. I.R. [tjry Fzjtgf R7 R2 R; R4 R6

Njfb

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj

Bgsp. Gltrgpmsj Kjrrgembj

Bgsp. fbi

Ifx. Bgspnfz

Ifx. Bgspnfz Kjrrgembj

Hultf (ki)

[] [] [] [] [] []

3.33356; 3.336;?7 3.33462? 3.334503 3.33;6=4 3.33;632

3.2450 3.06=3333 6.405?333 6.??03333 6.=674333 6.0?42333

4.6 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=? 6.=?

3.36;;;= 3.364?4? 3.3664?6 3.33=667 3.33?;;7 3.33;62; 3.3333;=

0.33 5.70 ?.5? 7.25 ;.03 6.0=

7.;2 7.37 2.73 ;.?7 4.7; 6.4?

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

o) Fl Flæn ænms msms ms G Gst stæt ætmk mkjj y Flæn Flænms msms ms bml bmlæi æimk mkjj

 Omeurf 0;.Kænkunj bg kjrtfltg sésimkj bgn I.R. Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

6??

KFSÉRWNJ _ TG[WNRFBJ[ 7. 7.6. 6. Tg Tgsu sunt ntfb fbjs js kkjl jl ggnn [jo [jotw twfr frgg Gtfds Flænmsms Gstætmkj y

Bmlæimkj  Omeurf 02. Flænmsms Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj bgn Gtfds Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Nf Kjrtfltg gl P (_P) tmglg ul flænmsms bmlæimkj ?5.53 y pfrf nf kjrtfltg gl ] (_]) tmglg ul flænmsms Bmlæimkj bg ?4.4=. Ofktjr bg Mrrgeunfrmbfb8 Tgeunfr 9 03 % F su vgz, pfrf gn flænmsms gstætmkj tfltj pfrf nf kjrtfltg gl P y nf kjrtfltg gl ] tmglg gn imsij rgsuntfbj bg 664.==, sml gidfrej, gidfrej, sgeøl nf ljrif G.3;3 [msijrgsmstg [msijrgsmstgltg ltg ljs `fkg rgogrglkmf qug nf ougrzf kjrtfltg bgn prmigr gltrgpmsj lj pugbg sgr igljr qug gn 03% bgn vfnjr `fnnfbj, gstj gs pfrf nfs gstrukturfs rgeunfrgs, gs pjr gnnj qug gn kjrtfltg iélmij

`fnnfbj gs =3.;= pfrf fidjs sgltmbjs.

 

6?5

Tgsuntfbj bgn pgsj bg nf Gstrukturf kjl Gtfds [g rgfnmzû gn kænkunj bgn bgn Sgsj bg nf Gstrukturf bmsgöfbf, bmsgöfbf, tglmbj kji kjijj rgsuntfbjs ul fuigltj bg pgsj prjergsmvj gl nfs kfrefs iugrtfs y kfrefs vmvfs, qug vfl bgsbg gn prmigr   pmsj `fstf gn øntmij pmsj pmsj bgn gbmomkmj. Rfdnf ?;  Tgsuntfbj bg Sgsj kjl Gtfds

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Igtrfbj bg Gngigltjs gstrukturfngs [g rgfnmzû gn igtrfbj bg fkgrj bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl gn  prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds Gtfds Rglmglbj njs smeumgltgs rgsuntf rgsuntfbjs8 bjs8

Rfdnf ?2  Igtrfbj bg _mef bgn Gtfds NJLEMRWB (IGRTJ[ NMLGFNG[ BG _FTMNNF[) 6/2"

0 ii

;/0"

6/4"

i

i

i

i

i

?6?7.6 4

6437.7 4

7464.? 0

3.33

7/0";/26"6 ";/0" ii

RJRFN

3.33

3.33

SG[J (ae)

3.44

3.23

3.7?

3.==

6.7?

4.47

3.33

3.33

;274.2 5

66=;.2 ?

06;6.5 0

3.33

SG[J RJRFN (ae)

64555.56

i

3.3

3.33

3 ;.=

5.=6

5 3.3 3

3.33

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

Rfdnf ?7  Igtrfbj bg Kjnuilf bgn Gtfds Gtfds NJLEMRWB (IGRTJ[ NMLGFNG[ BG _FTMNNF[) 6/2"

 

0 ii

RJRFN

i 3.33

i 3.33

SG[J (ae)

3.44

3.23

SG[J 43=05.=3 RJRFN (ae) Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

3.33

3.33

;/0"

6/4"

i ?=45.4 3 3.7?

i 5?;.= 0 3.==

;05=.4 ;

57?.; 2

7/0"

;/2 "

6"

6 ;/0 "

i 63204.4?

i i   i 3.33 3.33 3.33

6.7?

4.47 ;.=5 5.=6

6?;74.;;

3.33 3.33 3.33

Sfrf gn igtrfbj bg kjnuilfs, `gijs tjifbj gl kugltf nf kfltmbfb bg tmpj bg vfrmnnf bg fkgrj y sus pgsjs gl Ae, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug sg utmnmzû sjnj trgs tmpjs bg fkgrj  pfrf nfs vmefs, nfs kufngs sjl ;/0’ utmnmzfbj pfrf njs gstrmdjs y nfs vfrmnnfs bg 6/4’ y 7/0’

 pfrf gn fkgrj njlemtubmlfn. njlemtubmlfn.

 

Rfdnf ??  Igtrfbj bg Njsf bgn Gtfds NJLEMRWB (IGRTJ[ NMLGFNG[ BG _FTMNNF[) 7/0

;/2

6

6/2"

0 ii

;/0"

6/4"

"

"

6"

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

RJRFN

5074.4 3

3.33

7042.4 3

2=07.; 7

3.33 3.33 3.33

3.33

SG[J (ae)

3.44

3.23

3.7?

3.==

6.7? 4.47 ;.=5

5.=6

6545.2 0

3.33

;4?6.7 7

2=;7.7 3

3.33 3.33 3.33

3.33

SG[J ==42.7; RJRFN (ae) Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

;/0 "  

i

Sfrf gn igtrfbj bg Njsfs fnmegrfbfs y ifkmzfs, `gijs tjifbj gl kugltf nf kfltmbfb bg tmpj bg vfrmnnf bg fkgrj y sus pgsjs gl Ae, tglmglbj kjij rgsuntfbj qug sg utmnmzû sjnj trgs tmpjs bg fkgrj pfrf nfs vmefs, nfs kufngs sjl 6/2’ utmnmzfbj pfrf njs fkgrjs bg tgipgrfturf y nfs vfrmnnfs bg 6/4’ y 7/0’ pfrf gn fkgrj njlemtubmlfn bg nf njsf fnmegrf y ifkmzf, f su vgz sg utmnmzû pfrf njs rgougrzjs pjsmtmvjs y lgeftmvjs gl kfbf pföj.

7.4.. Tgs 7.4 Tgsunt untfbj fbjss kj kjl l gn I Iítj ítjbj bj Rrfb Rrfbmkm mkmjlf jlfnn Flænmsms Gstætmkj

 Omeurf 07. Flænmsms Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj bgn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs Nf Kjrtfltg gl P (_P) tmglg ul flænmsms bmlæimkj ?5.53 y pfrf nf kjrtfltg gl ] (_]) tmglg ul flænmsms Bmlæimkj bg ?4.4=. Ofktjr bg Mrrgeunfrmbfb8

Tgeunfr 9 03 %

 

F su vgz, pfrf gn flænmsms gstætmkj tfltj pfrf nf kjrtfltg gl P y nf kjrtfltg gl ] tmglg gn imsij rgsuntfbj bg =0.;? sml gidfrej, sgeøl nf ljrif G.3;3 [msijrgsmstgltg ljs `fkg rgogrglkmf qug nf ougrzf kjrtfltg bgn prmigr gltrgpmsj lj pugbg sgr igljr qug gn 03% bgn vfnjr `fnnfbj, gstj gs pfrf nfs gstrukturfs rgeunfrgs, gs pjr gnnj qug gn kjrtfltg iélmij `fnnfbj gs 50.?= pfrf fidjs sgltmbjs.

Tgsuntfbj bgn pgsj bg nf Gstrukturf kjl Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn [g rgfnmzû gn kænkunj bgn Sgsj bg nf Gstrukturf Gstrukturf bmsgöfbf, tglmbj kjij rgsuntfbjs rgsuntfbjs ul fuigltj bg pgsj prjergsmvj gl nfs kfrefs iugrtfs y kfrefs vmvfs, qug vfl bgsbg gn prmigr   pmsj `fstf gn øntmij pmsj pmsj bgn gbmomkmj. Rfdnf ?5  Tgsuntfbj bg Sgsj kjl gn Igtjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn  Rrfbmkmjlfn 

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

Igtrfbj bg Gngigltjs gstrukturfngs Bg meufn iflgrf sg rgfnmzû gn igtrfbj bg fkgrj bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn Rglmglbj njs smeumgltgs rgsuntfbjs8

Rfdnf ?0  Igtrfbj bg _mef bg Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn  Rrfbmkmjlfn  NJLEMRWB (IGRTJ[ NMLGFNG[ BG _FTMNNF[) 6/4 " i

6/2"0 ii;/0" i

i

RJRFN

3.33

3.33

SG[J (ae)

3.44

3.23

i

7=50.0

66?=5.07

3.33

3.33

i

0

3.33

7;74.; ?

3.7?

3.==

6.7?

4.47

3.33

0;2=.? 0

3.33

5

6 ;/0" i

6"

i

;;20.6

SG[J RJRFN (ae)

;/2 " i

7/0"

3.33

3.3

3.33

3 ;.=

5.=6

5 3.3

3.33

3

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs Rfdnf ?=  Igtrfbj bg Kjnuilf bg Igtûbj Rrfbmkmjlfn  NJLEMRWB (IGRTJ[ NMLGFNG[ BG _FTMNNF[) 6/2"

0 ii

;/0"

6/4"

7/0"

;/2 "

6 ;/0

6"

"

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

RJRFN

3.33

3.33

?057.0 3

=43.4 3

07?=.;?

3.33

3.33

3.33

SG[J (ae)

3.44

3.23

3.7?

3.==

6.7?

4.47 ;.=5

5.=6

3.33

3.33

;073.2 7

=63.0 3

6;;?0.43

3.33 3.33

3.33

SG[J RJRFN (ae)

6064=.27

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

 

i

 

Rfdnf 53  Igtrfbj bg Njsf bg Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn  Rrfbmkmjlfn  NJLEMRWB (IGRTJ[ NMLGFNG[ BG _FTMNNF[) 7/0

;/2

6 ;/0

6/2"

0 ii

;/0"

6/4"

"

"

6"

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

RJRFN

754;.3 7

764.73

7;4;.2 3

20==.; 3

SG[J (ae)

3.44

3.23

3.7?

3.==

6.7? 4.47 ;.=5 5.=6

647=.3 ?

437.33

4=06.6 3

2073.; 6

3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33

SG[J RJRFN (ae)

=4=7.25

Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

3.33 3.33 3.33

"  

i

3.33

 

65;

KFSÉRWNJ _M BM[KW[MÛL BG TG[WNRFBJ[ ?. ?.6. 6. Bmsk Bmskus usmû mûl lb bgg ` `mp mpût ûtgs gsms ms Nugej bg `fdgr bmsgöfbj igbmfltg njs bjs iítjbjs gstrukturfngs gn gbmomkmj bg 7 pmsjs bgn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, y bg `fdgr rgfnmzfbj gn igtrfbj bg nfs pfrtmbfs bg fkgrj  prmlkmpfnigltg bg nfs vmefs, kjnuilfs y njsfs nngefijs f glkjltrfr nfs bmogrglkmfs qug  pnfltgfijs fn mlmkmj bg gstf mlvgstmefkmûl. Sfrf jdtglgr ulf ighjr vmsufnmzfkmûl sg rgfnmzû gn igtrfbj bg njs bjs bmsgöjs y gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn sg vgrmomkû pjr gn Gtfds gn flænmsms sésimkj pfrf pjbgr kjljkgr sm gn bmsgöj fntgrj gn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj, pfrf gnnj gxpnmkfrgijs njs rgsuntfbjs bg nfs `mpûtgsms.

@68 Nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref mlonuyg gl nf bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn tfltj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds kjij gl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif. [g glkjltrû ulf bmogrglkmf gl gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj yf qug kjl gn Iítjbj bgn Gtfds sg lgkgsmtû fuigltfr nfs sgkkmjlgs bg vmefs y kjnuilfs, pgrj fn rgfnmzfr gstg kfidmj, lj fntgrû nf bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf yf qug pugbg vfrmfr nfs sgkkmjlgs y gn pgsj bg nf gstrukturf, fsé imsij, fn ijbgnfrnj gl gn Gtfds kjl njs bftjs bg njs bjs tmpjs bg iítjbjs lj `udj kfidmj fneulj gl nf bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf bgdmbj f qug gstf fktøf kjl nfs kfrefs sésimkfs.

@48 Gxmstgl kfidmjs iélmijs gl nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn fn kjipfrfr njs flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj

 

652 bg sfl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif. Lugstrjs rgsuntfbjs ougrjl ofvjrfdngs y fsgrtmvjs yf qug gogktmvfigltg [g glkjltrû kfidmjs gl gn flænmsms gstætmkj gl bjlbg nfs kfrefs (KI y K_) bg nf gstrukturf fktøfl. Gl kfidmj, gl flænmsms bmlæimkj sg dfsf gl kfrefs sésimkfs qug sjl fpnmkfbfs f nf gstrukturf gs pjr gnnj qug lj sg fntgrfréf yf qug njs bjs ougrjl bmsgöfbjs kjl njs imsijs pfræigtrjs sésimkjs qug gstæl gstmpunfbjs gl nf ljrif G3;3.1 vfnmbflbj nf `mpûtgsms

@;8 Gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn kugltf kjl igljr kfltmbfb bg kufltéf bg fkgrj rgspgktj fn [jotwfrg Gtfds gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif. Gogktmvfig Gogktmvfigltg ltg nf kufltéf bg fkgrj bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn gs igljr qug nj qug sg bmsgöû kjl gn prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds yf qug iuk`j tuvj qug vgr qug nfs sgkkmjlgs gl kmgrtfs kjnuilfs y vmefs ougrjl bmogrgltgs y gstj sg bgdg f qug gn imsij prjerfif kjlsmbgrf gn pgsj prjpmj bg nf gstrukturf, fbgiæs gn  prjerfif gs iuy kjlsgrvfbj kjlsgrvfbjrr rgspgktj r gspgktj fn bmsgöj pjr kjidjs bg kfrefs sésimkfs. Kjnjkfr  gn pjrkgltfhg Rfdnf 56 Kjipfrfkmûl bg Igtrfbjs % bg Bmogrglkmf gl Igtrfbj bg _mef

Sgsj Rjtfn (aer.)

IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN

[JORUFTG GRFD[

66?=5.07

64555.56

% bg Bmogrglkmf

0.27% % bg Bmogrglkmf gl Igtrfbj bg Kjnuilf

Sgsj Rjtfn (aer.)

IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN

[JORUFTG GRFD[

6064=.27

43=05.=3

% bg Bmogrglkmf

6;.?6% % bg Bmogrglkmf gl Igtrfbj bg Njsf

Sgsj Rjtfn (aer.) % bg Bmogrglkmf Gnfdjrfbj8 Njs Futjrgs

IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN

[JORUFTG GRFD[

=4=7.25

==42.7; ?.;2%

 

?. ?.4. 4. Bmsk Bmskus usmû mûl l Fl Fltg tgkg kgbg bglt ltgs gs Wlf vgz jdtglmbj njs rgsuntfbjs bg nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl, `gijs kjltrfstfbj kjl njs fltgkgbgltgs.

?.4.6. Kjltrf ?.4.6. Kjltrfstf stfkmû kmûl l kjl flt fltgk gkgbg gbgltg ltgss MMltg ltgrlf rlfkmj kmjlfn lfngs gs Iærqugz, H. (4367) kjlknuyj qug njs gbmomkmjs bmsgöfbjs kjl gn [jotwfrg Gtfds ijstrfrjl ul ûptmij kjipjrtfimgltj kjipjrtfimgltj gl gn flænmsms ijbf ijbfn,n, f su vgz gn tmgip tmgipjj bg kænkunj nj bmsimluyg. F su vgz gl nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl mlvgstmefkmûl sg gvmbglkmj qug gn bmsgöj bmsgöj kjl gn [jotwfrg Gtfds kuipng kjl njs pfræigtrjs y nmlgfimgltjs qug sg mlbmkf gl nfs ljriftmvfs  pgruflfs. Ijrfngs, G. (4365) kjlknuyj qug gn kjipjrtfimgltj bmlæimkj bg nf gstrukturf rgfnmzfbj kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds lj gs gn ûptmij bgdmbj qug prgsgltj prjdngifs bg tjrsmûl gl pnfltf fnkflzflbj 25% gl gn ijbj bg vmdrfkmûl. Gl kfidmj, pfrf nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl sm sg iugstrf ul kjipjrtfimgltj bmlæimkj bmlæimkj jpmij. Vumrjef, O. (4360) iglkmjlf qug gn sjotwfrg Gtfds ulf `grrfimgltf bg iuk`f utmnmbfb pfrf nf mleglmgréf kmvmn bgdmbj qug bgtgrimlf kjl ifyjr prgkmsmûl gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn, f su vgz jtjref nf ofkmnmbfb bg utmnmzfr nfs ljrifs mltgrlfkmjlfngs qug sg vfl fktufnmzflbj prjergsmvfigltg sgeøl nj vgf kjlvglmgltg kfbf  pfés. Nj kufn sg pubj kjlstftfr gl gsf mlvgstmefkmûl fn rgfnmzfr gn bmsgöj kjl gn sjotwfrg gstrukturfn. Jrtmz, G. (4364) mlbmkj qug gn ijbgnj y bmsgöj gstrukturfn qug sg gnfdjrû kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds tuvj ul kjipjrtfimgltj jptmij y sftmsofktjrmj, pfrf gnnj sg tuvj gl kugltf njs bftjs jdtglmbjs bg njs bmogrgltgs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs. Gn kufn sg tuvj njs imsijs rgsuntfbjs pfrf gn bmsgöj kjl Gtfds bg nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl, njerflbj ul kjipjrtfimgltj sftmsofktjrmj pfrf nf gstrukturf. [frfvmf, N. (436;) `fkg iglkmûl qug gn sjotwfrg Gtfds gs iuy gomkfz y oækmn bg usfr   pfrf gn bmsgöj y flænmsms gstrukturfn, smglbj gstg prjerfif ul erfl fpjrtg pfrf nf mleglmgréf

kmvmn, gn kufn ofkmnmtfl njs prjkgsjs bg flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn. Sfrf nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl sg pubj kjlstftfr qug gn sjotwfrg Gtfds ofkmnmtf gn prjkgsj bg flænmsms y bg bmsgöj bgn prjygktj.

 

Njzflj, L. (436;) fomrif qug gn kjstj bg njs iftgrmfngs kjlkrgtj y fkgrj sml kjlsmbgrfr nf kmigltfkmûl gs ul 45 % ifyjr pfrf nf gstrukturf lj kjlvglkmjlfn, tglmglbj kjij gn iftgrmfn iæs mlonuygltg gn fkgrj. Sfrf nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl sg jdtuvj ulf igljr kfltmbfb bg fkgrj pfrf gn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn sgeøl njs igtrfbjs rgfnmzfbj. Feumnfr, H. (4367) bgtgrimlj kuæn bg njs smstgifs prjpugstjs gs iæs fbgkufbj pfrf gn gbmomkmj bg jk`j pmsjs, sml gidfrej, fidjs smstgifs sg pugbgl kjipngigltfr  fbgkufbfigltg prjvjkflbj ul f`jrrj mipjrtfltg gl njs iftgrmfngs bg kjlstrukkmûl. Tgspgktj f nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl sg pubj bmsgöfr sftmsofktjrmfigltg igbmfltg nfs bjs  prjpugstfs rgfnmzfbfs, rgfnmzfbfs, sml gidf gidfrej, rej, fidfs sg pugbgl kjip kjipngigltfr ngigltfr fbgkufbfigltg. fbgkufbfigltg.

?. ?.4. 4.4. 4.

Kjlt Kjltrf rfst stfk fkmû mûl l kjl fl fltg tgkg kgbg bglt ltgs gs Lfkm Lfkmjl jlfn fngs gs

@ufrfkf, F. (4360) kjlknuyglbj qug gn kjipjrtfimgltj gstrukturfn bg nfs vmvmglbfs qug sjl futjkjlstrumbf, lj sg kjipjrtf fbgkufbfigltg sgeøl nf gvfnufkmûl kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds. Gs pjr gnnj qug kjl gstf mlvgstmefkmûl sg kjltrfstf qug gn sjotwfrg Gtfds fyubf f gvfnufr njs kjipjrtfimgltjs bg nfs gstrukturfs, smglbj jptmij gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg nf  prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl. mlvgstmefkmûl. Ififlm, G. (4365) kjlknuyj qug su prjygktj kuipng kjl nfs sjnmkmtfkmjlgs rgqugrmbfs, gs pjr gnnj qug nf gstrukturfkmûl, prg-bmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfrefs kuipnmû kjl nf tgjréf gstrukturfn fprglbmbf gl prgerfbj utmnmzflbj nfs ljrifs G.343, G.3;3 y G.3?3. Kjltrfstflbj qug gn bmsgöj kjl gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl kuipng bg meufn ojrif kjl nfs ljriftmvfs pgruflfs tíklmkfs. Drmjlgs, S., & Fnvfrgz K`mrmdjef, H. (4360) kjlknuygrjl qug gn flænmsms bmlæimkj y gstætmkj qug sg rgfnmzû kjl njs sjotwfrgs gstrukturfngs Gtfds y Tjdjt [trukturfn gxmstgl  pgqugöfs bmogrglkmfs kfusfltg pjr gn igtrfbj bg kfrefs. F su vgz fn rgfnmzfr nf kjipfrfkmûl bg njs flænmsms bmlæimkjs y gstætmkjs bg nfs bjs prjpugstfs f gstubmfr gl nf  prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl, bg meufn iflgrf sg pubj fprgkmfr ulf pgqugöf bmogrglkmf, gstj bgdmbj qug kfbf prjpugstf tmglg su ojrif bg flfnmzfr nfs kfrefs fktufltgs.

Erfbjs, S. (4360) rgfnmzj sftmsofktjrmfigltg gn bmsgöj bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj  pmsjs utmnmzflbj gn sjotwfrg Gtfds kjlhultj kjl nfs ljrifs pgruflfs. Bg meufn iflgrf gn

 

bmsgöj bg gstg prjygktj sg rgfnmzû sftmsofktjrmfigltg utmnmzflbj gn sjotwfrg Gtfds kuipnmglbj njs nmlgfimgltjs gstfdngkmbjs pjr nfs ljrifs pgruflfs. Tfiérgz, H. (436=) mlbmkj qug sg tuvj qug rgfnmzfr fneulfs ijbmomkfkmjlgs gl nfs sgkkmjlgs bg njs gngigltjs gstrukturfngs qug sg mlbmkf gl njs pnfljs frqumtgktûlmkjs bgn  prjygktj. Nj kufn pfrf gn kfsj bg nf prgsgltg mlvgstmefkmûl pfrf tglgr ul bmsgöj sftmsofktjrmj sg tuvj qug ijbmomkfr fneulfs sgkkmjlgs bg njs gngigltjs vgrtmkfngs g `jrmzjltfngs Igzf, H. (4360) bgtgrimlj qug gxmstg ulf jptmimzfkmûl bg fkgrj bg 66.56% pfrf nfs vmefs y 64.;5% pfrf njs iurjs gstrukturfngs, kjl rgspgktj fn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn. F su vgz  pfrf nf kjipfrfkmûl kjipfrfkmûl bg nfs bjs prjpugstfs prjpugstfs f gstubmf gstubmfrr gl nf prgsgltgl mlvgstmefkmûl mlvgstmefkmûl sg pugbj pugbj fprgkmfr fprg kmfr qug gxmstg gxmstgll ulf bmogrglk bmogrglkmf mf bg 0.27 0.27% % gl fkgrj pfrf vmef vmefss y bg 6;.?6% 6;.?6% bg fkgrj  pfrf kjnuilf f ofvjr ofvjr bgn iítjbj trfbmk trfbmkmjlfn. mjlfn. Kærbglfs, J (436=) mlbmkj qug nf gstrukturf sg fbfptf f njs pfræigtrjs qug sg gstfdngkg gl nf frqumtgkturf, kuipnmglbj nf ljriftmvf G.3;3, fbgiæs njs rgsuntfbjs jdtglmbj bgn igtrfbj bg kfrefs qug sg rgfnmzû iflufnigltg y kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds tuvmgrjl ul fprjxmifbj. fprjxmifbj. [ml gidfrej, gl nf prgsgl prgsgltg tg mlvgstmefkmûl fneulfs fneulfs bg nfs sgkkmjlgs qug sg nmimtfl gl nf frqumtgkturf sg tuvmgrjl qug ijbmomkfr, f su vgz kuipng kjl nf ljriftmvf G.3;3.

 

KJLKNW[MJLG[ 6. Bg fkugr fkugrbj bj f njs rgsu rgsuntfbj ntfbjss bg nf mlvgst mlvgstmefk mefkmûl mûl sg `f pjbmbj kjlstftfr kjlstftfr qug gxmstg gxmstg ulf nmegrf mlonuglkmf bg nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj fn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn, nj kufn ljs pgrimtmû vmsufnmzfr qug fogktf y eglgrf ulf bmogrglkmf gl nfs bmiglsmjlgs bg nfs sgkkmjlgs bg njs gngigltjs y gl nfs kfrefs bg nf gstrukturf, f su vgz gstfs prjvjkfl qug sg ijbmomqugl kmgrtjs gngigltjs qug sg mlbmkfl gl gn pnflj bg frqumtgkturf. 4. [g vgrmo vgrmomkj mkj qug gx gxmst mstgg ulf bmog bmogrgl rglkmf kmf gl gn fl flænm ænmsms sms gstætmk gstætmkjj gl gltrg trg gn bmsgöj bmsgöj kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds y gn Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn gl ul 2.76%, gn kufn sg vg rgonghfbj gl gn pgsj bg nf gstrukturf bjlbg bjlbg nf gstrukturf kjl rgfnmzfbj rgfnmzfbj igbmfltg gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn tmglg ul igljr pgsj qug nf gstrukturf rgfnmzfbj kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds. ;. Gn iítjbj trfbmk trfbmkmjlf mjlfnn ljs pgrimt pgrimtmû mû rgfnmzf rgfnmzfrr ulf ighjr bmstrm bmstrmdukm dukmûl ûl bg fkgrj fkgrj bg rgougrzj rgougrzj gl nfs zjlfs iæs krétmkfs bg nf gstrukturf, bmsimluyglbj ul 63% gl nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj rgspgktj f nf kfltmbfb bg fkgrj qug ljs drmlbû gn bmsgöj kjl gn sjotwfrg Gtfds, gn kufn flfnmzf bg iflgrf tépmkf sm lj sg rgfnmzf ulf kjlomeurfkmûl fn bgtfnng, gstj sg rgonghû fn rgfnmzfr gn igtrfbj bg nf pfrtmbf bg fkgrj bg fidjs bmsgöjs. 2. Gstf Mlvgstmefk Mlvgstmefkmûl mûl bg bmsgöj ggstrukturfn, strukturfn, sg pjb pjbræ ræ tjifr kjij euéf j iftgrmfn bg fpjyj fpjyj  pfrf njs fnuiljs bg prgerfbj bgdmbj qug gn iítjbj trfbmkmûl nj fprglbgijs gl kursjs bg gstrukturfs bg prgerfbj, fsé kjij gn usj bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds. 7. Nf ofkmnmbfb bgn us usjj bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds ggss ljtfdng, fbgiæs fbgiæs bg nf vmsufnmzfkmûl vmsufnmzfkmûl igbmfltg nf tgxturf y kjnjrgs qug sg ng pugbg ijbmomkfr y fergefr fn ijbgnj, fyubf ljtfdngigltg fn mleglmgrj gstrukturfnmstf, bgdmbj bgdmbj qug gs ul prjerfif mltgrfktmvj y fyubf f rgkjljkgr  y flfnmfr njs rgsuntfbjs r gsuntfbjs bg ulf iflgrf ræpmbf yf sgf bgn flænmsms bmlæimkj j gstætmkj. ?. Gn iítjbj trfbmkmjl trfbmkmjlfn fn gs iæs trfdfhjsj, trfdfhjsj, gs pjr gnnj qug ggll su ifyjréf njs ggstubmfltgs stubmfltgs bg  prgerfbj bg mleglmgréf kmvmn prgomgrgl jptfr pjr gn usj bgn prjerfif mlojriætmkj Gtfds,

gn kufn gs ulj bg njs iæs kjigrkmfngs gl nf fktufnmbfb pfrf gn bmsgöj bg gbmomkmjs, gs pjr  gnnj qug nfs `jhfs bg kænkunj sjl mipjrtfltgs y fkæ gs kuflbj ljs bfijs kugltf bg nf ofkmnmbfb qug ljs pugbg eglgrfr y sgr meufn bg mltgrfktmvj qug kufnqumgr prjerfif

 

mlojriætmkj, fbgiæs pjbgijs kjlknumr qug njs rgsuntfbjs rgspgktj fn bmsgöj sjl iæs gomkfkgs. 5. [g pugbg bms bmsgöfr göfr ul gbmom gbmomkmj kmj bg bmogrgl bmogrgltgs tgs iflg iflgrfs, rfs, ulfs bg gnnfs gnnfs sjl njs bjs iítjbjs flfnmzfbjs burfltg gstf mlvgstmefkmûl, gn kufn ljs pgrimtg bmsgöfr mlbgpglbmgltgigltg ulf rgspgktj fn jtrj, sml gidfrej, gstjs sg pugbgl fkjpnfr utmnmzflbj fneøl sjotwfrg gstrukturfn gl kjlhultj kjl njs kjljkmimgltjs tgûrmkjs y ljrifs tíklmkfs, pfrf njerfr  tglgr ulf gstrukturf sgeurf, kjl kfltmbfbgs bg iftgrmfn gxfktfs.

 

TGKJIGLBFKMJLG[ 6. Flfnmzfr nfs njsfs, vmefs j kjnui kjnuilfs lfs qug sgfl bg jtrj tmpj gs bg bgkmr kmr yf sgf prgofdrmkfbfs, prgofdrmkfbfs, gstj bgdmbj qug sg rgkjimglbf flfnmzfr trfbmkmjlfnigltg, yf qug gl gsg fspgktj gs iuy  prjdfdng qug vfrég vfrég fn rgfnmzfrnj kjl ggnn sjotwfrg Gtfds j ffneøl neøl jtrj sjotwfrg gstrukturfn. gstrukturfn. 4. Wtm Wtmnmz nmzfr fr gn sjotw sjotwfrg frg Gtfd Gtfdss ofk ofkmnm mnmtf tf fn vgrmo vgrmomkf mkfrr gn flæn flænmsm msmss sésimk sésimkj, j, gs pj pjrr gnn gnnj, j, qu qugg f igbmbf qug njs gstubmfltgs bg prgerfbj nngvgl kursjs gstrukturfngs, sg rgkjimglbf fprglbgr gstg sjotwfrg pfrf vgrmomkfr nj fprglbmbj tgûrmkfigltg gl njs kursjs gstrukturfngs bg nf kfrrgrf bg mleglmgréf kmvmn. ;. Kjls Kjlsmbgrf mbgrfrr g utmnmzfr njs kjlkgp kjlkgptjs tjs gstrukturfn gstrukturfngs gs pfrf rgfnmzfr rgfnmzfr ul bmsgöj bmsgöj gstrukturfn gstrukturfn jptmij y sftmsofktjrmj, yf qug iuk`fs vgkgs ulj sg fkjstuidrf f nfs ofkmnmbfbgs qug tg  drmlbf gn prjerfif, sml nngefr flfnmzfr bg iflgrf kjrrgktf njs rgsuntfbjs qug gstg pugbg  drmlbfr. 2. Kjlom Kjlomeurf eurfrr nfs `jhfs bg kænkunj sjl jtrf ojrif ojrif bg fyubf pfrf gn iítjbj trfb trfbmkmjl mkmjlfn, fn, yf qug gl nf fktufnmbfb sjnj sg kjlomeurf y prjerfif, njerflbj ofkmnmtfr njs kænkunjs y bmsgöjs qug sg lgkgsmtg pfrf gn prjygktj kuipnmglbj kjl nfs ljrifs tíklmkfs pgruflfs.

 

Ougltgs bg mlojrifkmûl Feumnfr, H. (4367). Flænmsms y bmsgöj bg ul gbmomkmj bg 0 lmvgngs gipngflbj bmogrgltgs smstgifs bg pmsj8 njsfs bg kjlkrgtj rgojrzfbj pgrmigtrfnigltg fpjyfbfs y njsfs  pnflfs bg kjlkrgtj pjstglsfbj. pjstglsfbj. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Lfkmjlfn Futûljif bg Iíxmkj, Iíxmkj B.O., Iíxmkj). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//www.ptjnjigj.ulfi.ix80303/xi `ttp8//www.ptjnjigj .ulfi.ix80303/xinum/`flbng/6;4.420 num/`flbng/6;4.420.74.633/=?6?:s .74.633/=?6?:s`jw9o `jw9o unn Fsjkmfkmûl bg Bgsfrrjnnj Mlijdmnmfrmj (436=). [g kjlstruygl 73 imn vmvmglbfs mlojrifngs fn föj gl Nmif. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//nfrgpudnmkf.pg/gkjljimf/625;?2;vmvmglbfs-mlojrifngs-kjlstruygl-73333-flj-nmif-fbm/ Dfrûigtrj [. (4367). ºKûij ngs mræ f njs mleglmgrjs y frqumtgktjs pgrufljs gstg föj: Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//gnkjigrkmj.pg/gkjljimf/pgru/ngs-mrf-mleglmgrjsfrqumtgktjs-pgrufljs-flj-60?34?-ljtmkmf/ Dnflkj, F. (6==2). Gstrukturfkmûl y Bmsgöj bg Gbmomkfkmjlgs bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//gs.snmbgs`f `ttps8//gs.snmbgs`frg.lgt/gsiftjl/gs rg.lgt/gsiftjl/gstrukturfkmjl-y-bmsgj-bgtrukturfkmjl-y-bmsgj-bggbmomkfkmjlgs-bg-kjlkrgtj-frifbj-fl gbmomkfkmjlgs -bg-kjlkrgtj-frifbj-fltjlmj-dnflkj-dnfskj tjlmj-dnflkj-dnfskj Drmjlgs, S. & Fnvfrgz, H. (4360). Kjipfrfkmûl bgn ijbgnfimgltj, flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn gl kjlkrgtj frifbj utmnmzflbj njs [jotwfrg Gtfds y Tjdjt [trukturfn Flfnysms, pfrf ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj lmvgngs (kuftrj pmsjs y ul sgimsûtflj). (Rgsms  pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Sgruflf Wlmûl, Hunmfkf, Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.upgu.gbu.pg/`fl `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.upg u.gbu.pg/`flbng/WSGW/6435 bng/WSGW/6435 Kæifrf Sgruflf bg nf Kjlstrukkmûl (4365). Gn 53% bg vmvmglbfs gl Nmif sjl mlojrifngs y vunlgrfdngs f ul tgrrgijtj. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//rpp.pg/gkjljimf/gkjljimf/k `ttps8//rpp.pg/gkj ljimf/gkjljimf/kfpgkj-gn-53-bg-vmvmgl fpgkj-gn-53-bg-vmvmglbfs-gl-nmif-sjlbfs-gl-nmif-sjl-   kjlstrumbfs-sml-ljrifs-tgklmkfs-ljtmk kjlstrumbfs-sml-l jrifs-tgklmkfs-ljtmkmf-6350=;2:rgo9rp mf-6350=;2:rgo9rppp Kæifrf Sgruflf bg nf Kjlstrukkmûl (4360). Gn fntj rmgsej bg nfs vmvmglbfs mlojrifngs. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.kjlstruyg `ttps8//www.kjlstruygdmgl.kji/dnje/k dmgl.kji/dnje/kjlstrukkmjl-vmvmglbf jlstrukkmjl-vmvmglbfssmlojrifngs/ Kærbglfs, J. (436=). Bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr bg kjlkrgtj frifbj bg kmlkj pmsjs. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Sjltmomkmf Wlmvgrsmbfb Kftûnmkf bgn Sgrø, Nmif, Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//tgsms.pukp.gbu.pg/rgpjsmtjrmj/`f `ttp8//tgsms.pukp.g bu.pg/rgpjsmtjrmj/`flbng/43.733.64 lbng/43.733.64232/67363 232/67363 Kgltrj Sgruflj ‛ Hfpjlís bg Mlvgstmefkmjlgs [ésimkfs y Imtmefkmûl bg Bgsfstrgs (4360). Ifpf bg Imkrjzjlmomkfkmûl [ésimkf bg nf Kmubfb bg Nmif Fktufnmzfbj fn 4360. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//www.kmsimb.ulm.gbu.pg/imkrjzjlmomkfkmjlZsmsimkfZegjtgklmkfZnmifZ4360Z    `ttp8//www.kmsimb.ulm.gbu.pg/imkrjzjlmomkfkmjlZsmsimkfZegjtgklmkfZnmifZ4360Z  f3-iml-6-6/

Kgltrj Sgruflj ‛ Hfpjlís bg Mlvgstmefkmjlgs [ésimkfs y Imtmefkmûl bg Bgsfstrgs (436=). ºKuængs sgréfl njs bmstrmtjs bmstrmtjs iæs vunlgrfdngs bg bfrsg ul sms smsij ij bg fntf mltglsmbfb gl Nmif: Tgkupgrfbj bg8`ttps8//egstmjl.pg/pgru/mep-smsij-gl-nmif-kufngs-sgrmflbg8`ttps8//egstmjl.pg/pgru/mep-smsij-gl-nmif-kufngs-sgrmfl-

 

njs-bmstrmtjs-ifs-vunlgrfdngs-bg-bfrsg-ul-smsij-bg-fntf-mltglsmbf njs-bmstrmtjs-ifs-vunlgrfdngs-bg-bfrsg-ul-s msij-bg-fntf-mltglsmbfb-gl-nmifb-gl-nmifljtmkmf/:rgo9egsr  Kjiputgrs flb [trukturgs, Mlk. (4343). [jotwfrg Gtfds. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.ksmgspflf.kji/sjotwfrg/7/gtfds Bgnefbj, E. (4366). Bmsgöj bg Gstrukturfs Fpjrtmkfbfs bg Kjlkrgtj Frifbj. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//kmvmnmgstp`.omngs.wj `ttps8//kmvmnmgstp`.omngs.wjrbprgss.kji/436 rbprgss.kji/436?/32/nmdrj-eglfrj-bgnefbj ?/32/nmdrj-eglfrj-bgnefbj-bmsglj-bmsgljbg-gstrukturfs-fpjrtmkfbfs-kk4df bg-gstrukturfs-fp jrtmkfbfs-kk4dffk4df.pbo  fk4df.pbo  Gfbmk Ojrifkmûl & Kjlsuntjréf (4367). Ofsgs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn8 ifstgr gstrukturfs. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.gfbmk.kji/ofsgs-bgn-bmsglj-gstrukturfn/ Erfbjs, S. (4360). Fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds pfrf gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg 37 pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj gl [fl Msmbrj ‛ 4360. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Kgsfr _fnnghj, Kfnnfj, Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbj bg `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.ukv.gbu.pg/`flbng `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.ukv .gbu.pg/`flbng/43.733.64?=4 /43.733.64?=4/23676 /23676 @ufrfkf, F. (4360). Flænmsms Flænmsms Kjipfrftmvj Fpnmkflbj Fpnmkflbj gn [jotwfrg Tjdjt [trukturfn Flfnysms y Gtfds pfrf Gvfnufr gn Kjipjrtfimgltj Gstrukturfn bg _mvmglbfs FutjKjlstrumbfs. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Sgruflf Njs Flbgs, @uflkfyj, Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbf bg8 `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.upnf.gbu.pg/`flbng/WSNF/5=2 Mlstmtutj Lfkmjlfn bg Gstfbéstmkf g Mlojriætmkf (4367). Gn Dmkgltglfrmj bg nf Mlbgpglbglkmf nj kgngdrfréfl iæs bg ;; imnnjlgs bg pgrufljs. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.mlgm.ejd.pg/prglsf/ljtmkmf `ttps8//www.mlgm.ejd .pg/prglsf/ljtmkmfs/lp-l-66;-omgstfs-pftrmfs s/lp-l-66;-omgstfs-pftrmfs-0740/ -0740/ Mlstmtutj Lfkmjlfn bg Gstfbéstmkf g Mlojriætmkf (4343). Nf pjdnfkmûl bg Nmif supgrf njs lugvg imnnjlgs y igbmj bg `fdmtfltgs. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//i.mlgm.ejd.pg/prglsf/ljtmkmfs/nf-pjdnf `ttp8//i.mlgm.ejd.p g/prglsf/ljtmkmfs/nf-pjdnfkmjl-bg-nmif-supgrf-njs-l kmjl-bg-nmif-supgrf-njs-lugvgugvg-   imnnjlgs-y-igbmj-bg-`fdmtfltgs-643;6/ Njzflj, L. (436;). Kjipfrfkmûl smsijrgsmstgltg y gkjlûimkf gltrg ulf gstrukturf kjlvglkmjlfn kjlvglkmjl fn y ulf lj kjlvglkmjlfn gl ul imsij gbmomkmj mrrgeunfr. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Sjltmomkmf Wlmvgrsmbfb Hfvgrmflf, Djejtæ, Kjnjidmf). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//rgpjsmtjry.hfvgrmflf.gbu.kj/` `ttps8//rgpjsmtjry.hfv grmflf.gbu.kj/`flbng/63772/666 flbng/63772/66640 40 Ififlm, G. (4365). Flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg nf gbmomkfkmûl bg lugvg lmvgngs kjl fpnmkfkmûl bgn [jotwfrg Gtfds vgrsmûl 67.4 ‛ [fog vgrsmûl 62.6. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Flbmlf Lístjr  Kækgrgs _gnæsqugz, Hunmfkf, Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.uflkv.gbu.pg/`f `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.ufl kv.gbu.pg/`flbng/WFLK_/6250 lbng/WFLK_/6250 Iærqugz, H. (4367). Fspgktjs bg ijbgnfimgltj gl gbmomkmjs bg pnfltf nmdrg. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Erfbj bg bg Ifeéstgr gl Kmglkmfs bg ml mleglmgréf, eglmgréf, Sjltmomkmf Wlmvgrsmbfb Kftûnmkf bg K`mng, [fltmfej bg K`mng, K`mng). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.uk.kn/`flbng/667;2/67?=2

Igzf, H. Dnflbjs, (4360). Jptmimzfkmûl bgnmltgrfkkmûl bmsgöj gstrukturfn ul gbmomkmjgliuntmofimnmfr gl (Rgsms sugnjs kjl gn ijbgnj sugnj ‛bggstrukturf, Nurél ‛ Nmif.  pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb [fl

 

Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs, Nmif, Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.usip.gbu.pg/`flb `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.usip .gbu.pg/`flbng/usip/2066 ng/usip/2066 Imlmstgrmjs bg _mvmglbf, Kjlstrukkmûl y [flgfimgltj (433?), Fndfömngréf QLjrif G.353Y. Nmif, Sgrø. Imlmstgrmjs bg _mvmglbf, Kjlstrukkmûl y [flgfimgltj (433?), Kfrefs QLjrif G.343Y. Nmif, Sgrø. Imlmstgrmjs bg _mvmglbf, Kjlstrukkmûl y [flgfimgltj (433=), Kjlkrgtj Frifbjs QLjrif G.3?3Y. Nmif, Sgrø. Imlmstgrmjs bg _mvmglbf, Kjlstrukkmûl y [flgfimgltj (4360), Bmsgöj [msijrgsmstgltg QG.3;3Y. Nmif, Sgrø. Ijrfngs, G. (4365). Bmfelûstmkj gstrukturfn gl dfsg f nf kurvf bg kfpfkmbfb bgn gbmomkmj bg fpfrtfigltjs bgljimlfbj kmurflf udmkfbj gl nf kmubfb bg Fidftj, prjvmlkmf bg Ruleurf`uf. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Ríklmkf bg Fidftj, Fidftj, Gkufbjr). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.utf.gbu.gk/hspum/`fl `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.utf .gbu.gk/hspum/`flbng/64;27?50= bng/64;27?50=/4?07; /4?07; Iulmkmpfnmbfb bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs (4360). Snfl bg Tg`fdmnmtfkmûl fltg gigreglkmfs y Bgsfstrgs 4360-4346. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//www.ibsip.ejd.pg/bftfZomngs/bf `ttp8//www.ibsip.e jd.pg/bftfZomngs/bfZ343Z4360.p Z343Z4360.pbo  bo  Iulmkmpfnmbfb bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs (4366). Snfl bg Bgsfrrjnnj kjlkgrtfbj bgn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs fn 4346Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.mip.ejd.pg/mifegs/MIS%43%43SNFLG[%43BG%43BG[FTTJNNJ%43IWLMKMSFN/sflZifrtmlZbgZpjrr    %43SNFLG[%43BG%43BG[FTTJNNJ%43IWLMKMSFN/sflZifrtmlZbgZpjrr  gsZpnflZbgZbgsfrrjnnjZkj gsZpnflZbg ZbgsfrrjnnjZkjlkgrtfbjZfnZ434 lkgrtfbjZfnZ4346.pbo  6.pbo   Lmnsjl, F. (6===). Bmsgöj Bmsgöj bg Gstruk Gstrukturfs turfs bg Kjlkrgtj Kjlkrgtj,, Bujbíkmif gbmkmûl. gbmkmûl. Tgkupgrf Tgkupgrfbj bj bg8 `ttps8//www.u-   `ttps8//www.ukursjs.kn/usufrmj/5k6k3db7 kursjs.kn/us ufrmj/5k6k3db72o62k3544kgok3 2o62k3544kgok3of47gf60?b/imZd of47gf60?b/imZdnje/r/;4=003;?nje/r/;4=003;?-    Lmnsjl-Bmsglj-Bg-Gstrukturfs-Bg-Kjlkrg  Lmnsjl-Bmsglj-Bg-Gs trukturfs-Bg-KjlkrgtjZ(6).pbo  tjZ(6).pbo  Jrtmz, G. (4364). Bmsgöj gstrukturfn smsij-rgsmstgltg bg njs gbmomkmjs bg bgpfrtfigltjs bg `jrimeûl frifbj frifbj Nmidure Snftz bg nf kmub kmubfb fb bg qumtj, pfrf efrfltmzfr efrfltmzfr nf sgeurmbfb bg njs jkupfltgs. (Rrfdfhj bg mlvgstmefkmûl prgvmj f nf jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb Ríklmkf bg Fidftj, Fidftj, Gkufbjr). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.utf.g `ttps8//rgpjsmtjrmj.utf.gbu.gk/`flbng/6 bu.gk/`flbng/64;27?50=/;55 4;27?50=/;5533 Vumrjef, O. (4360). Ijbgnfkmûl, flænmsms y bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ulf gbmomkfkmûl bg trgs  pnfltfs bg usj pødnmkj kjl sgkkmûl kjipugstf usflbj gn gspgktrj bg bmsgöj, Lgk67 y Gtfds. (Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj Srjogsmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn, Wlmvgrsmbfb bg Eufyfqumn, Eufyfqumn, Gkufbjr). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.ue.gbu.gk/dmtstrgfi/rgbu `ttp8//rgpjsmtjrmj.ue.g bu.gk/dmtstrgfi/rgbue/;4?34/6/VWMTJEFZON e/;4?34/6/VWMTJEFZONF_MJZRTF F_MJZRTF   DFHJZRMRWNFKMJLZG[RTWKRWTF[ DFHJZRMRWNFK MJLZG[RTWKRWTF[ZGLGTJZ4360.p ZGLGTJZ4360.pbo  bo  Tfiérgz, H. (436=). Bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj iuntmofimnmfr bg 0 pmsjs gl [urqumnnj.

(Rgsms pfrf nf Jdtglkmûl Srjogsmjlfn Kmvmn, Sjltmomkmf Wlmvgrsmbfb Kftûnmkf bgn bgnRétunj Sgrø, Nmif, bg Mleglmgréf Sgrø). Tgkupgrfbj bg `ttp8//tgsms.pukp.gbu.pg/rgpjsmtjrmj/`f `ttp8//tgsms.pukp.g bu.pg/rgpjsmtjrmj/`flbng/43.733.64 lbng/43.733.64232/6;7;3 232/6;7;3

 

[frfvmf, N. (436;). Flænmsms y bmsgöj kjl Gtfds, su fpnmkfkmûl fbgkufbf y kjiprjdfkmûl bg rgsuntfbjs, Fpnmkfbj f gbmomkmjs bg kjlkrgtj frifbj. (Rrfdfhj bg Erfbfkmûl pfrf nf jdtglkmûl bgn Rétunj bg Ifgstrj gl Gstrukturfs, Wlmvgrsmbfb bg [fl Kfrnjs bg Euftgifnf, Kmubfb bg Euftgifnf, Euftgifnf). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttp8//www.rgpjsmtjrmj.usfk.gbu.et/63; `ttp8//www.rgpjsmtjrmj.u sfk.gbu.et/63;;/6/NWM[%43G[RWFTB ;/6/NWM[%43G[RWFTBJ%43[FTF_MF J%43[FTF_MF %43TFI%K;%0BTGX.pbo  H. (6==4). Flænmsms bg Gstrukturfs, 4³ Gbmkmûl. Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.fkfbgimf.gbu/;270 `ttps8//www.fkfb gimf.gbu/;2702?55/HfmrjZurmdgZg 2?55/HfmrjZurmdgZgskfimnnfZ67326 skfimnnfZ6732606=2;;3Zkjlv 06=2;;3Zkjlv grsmjlZeftg _fskj, S (433;). Euéf pfrf Flænmsms y Bmsgöj Gstrukturfn bg Gbmomkmjs bg @jrimeûl Frifbj (Wlmvgrsmbfb Ríklmkf bg Fidftj, Fidftj, Gkufbjr). Tgkupgrfbj bg8 `ttps8//www.fkfbgimf.gbu/0603 `ttps8//www.fkfb gimf.gbu/0603=7?/eumfZpfrfZg =7?/eumfZpfrfZgnZflfnmsmsZgstrukturf nZflfnmsmsZgstrukturfnZbgZgbmomkf nZbgZgbmomkf   kmjlgs Wrmdg,

 

607

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Iftrmz bg Kjlsmstglkmf FLÆNM[M[ KJISFTFRM KJISFTFRM_J _J BGN BM[GÖJ G[RTWKRWTFN KJL NF FSNMKFKMÛL BGN [JORUFTG GRFD[ TG[SGKRJ FN IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN BG WL GBMOMKMJ BG KMLKJ SM[J[ KJL [GIM[ÛRFLJ WDMKFBJ GL GN BM[RTMRJ BG [FL IFTRML BG SJTTG[ ‛ NMIF STJDNGIF[ Srjdngif Eglgrfn

JDHGRM_J[ Jdhgtmvj Eglgrfn

@MSÛRG[M[ @mpûtgsms Eglgrfn

Gnfdjrfr gn flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bgn ºKuæn gs gn bmsgöj iæs ûptmij gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl flænmsms kjipfrftmvj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif: Nmif

Srjdngifs G sp spgkéomkjs

Jdhgtmvjs G sp spgkéomkjs

_FTMFDNG[ _. Mlbgpglbmgltg Mlbmkfbjrgs

IGRJBJNJEÉF Bmsgöj Rmpj bg Mlvgstmefkmûl8

Gn rgsuntfbj bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bgn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn gs iæs ûptmij rgspgktj bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds Gtfds,, pfrf ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif

Iítjbj Rrfbmkmjlfn

• Gstrukturfkmûl • Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj • Igtrfbj bg kfref •  Flænmsms Gstætmkj Gstætmkj y Bmlæimkj

 Fpnmkfbf

Lmvgn bg Mlvgstmefkmûl8 Gxpnmkftmvf

Bmsgöj bg Mlvgstmefkmûl8 Lj gxpgrmigltfn, Rrflsvgrsfn y Kufltmtftmvf

@mpûtgsms G sp spgkéomkjs

ºKûij mlonuyg nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg kfref gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif:

Nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn  Flfnmzfr nf mlonuglkmf mlonuglkmf bg nf gstrukturfkmûl, gn prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj prgbmiglsmjlfimgltj y igtrfbj bg y igtrfbj bg kfref gl gn bmsgöj kfref mlonuyg gl nf bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf gstrukturfn kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn tfltj kjl nf sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds kjij gl gn trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs iítjbj trfbmkmj trfbmkmjlfn lfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif

ºGl quí igbmbf nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn vfréfl fn kjipfrfr gn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif:

Mbgltmomkfr njs kfidmjs bg nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn fn kjipfrfr gn flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmû fpnmkfkmûl l bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif

Gxmstgl kfidmjs iélmijs gl nfs rgspugstfs sésimkfs bgn bmsgöj gstrukturfn fn kjipfrfr njs flænmsms gstætmkj y bmlæimkj kjl nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg sfl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif

Iugstrf Sjdnfkmûl8 Gbmomkmjs iuntmofimnmfrgs y

[jotwfrg Gtfds

_. Bgpglbmgltg

kjigrkmfngs bg kmlkj pmsjs udmkfbjs • Gstrukturfkmûl gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrml bg Sjrrgs • Srgbmiglsmjlfimgltj Nmif. • Igtrfbj bg kfref •  Flænmsms Gstætmkj Gstætmkj Iugstrf8 Gbmomkmj "Iuntmofimnmf fr  r  y Bmlæimkj Tjlkfn" bg kmlkj pmsjs, kjl ul sgimsûtflj y ulf fzjtgf gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtml bg Sjrrgs - Nmif

Mlbmkfbjrgs

Mlstruigltjs Ljrifs G343, G3;3, G3?3, G353 Snflj frqumtgktûlmkj kj

Srjkgsfimgltj8 Gxkgn y Gtfds vs 60.4 Bmsgöj gstrukturfn

Kfnkunfr nfs kufltéfs bg fkgrj bgn ºKuæn gs gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn qug pjsgg Gn iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn kugltf kjl igljr  ulf ifyjr kfltmbfb bg kufltéfs bg bmsgöj gstrukturfn utmnmzflbj nf kfltmbfb bg kufltéf bg fkgrj rgspgktj fn fkgrj utmnmzflbj nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj [jotwfrg Gtfds gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn f ul iítjbj trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj sjotwfrg Gtfds rgspgktj f ul iítjbj bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl trfbmkmjlfn bg ul gbmomkmj bg kmlkj pmsjs bg kmlkj pmsjs kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl kjl sgimsûtflj udmkfbj gl gn bmstrmtj bg gl gn bmstrmtj bg [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif [fl Ifrtél bg Sjrrgs ‛ Nmif: Nmif

• Tgspugstfs [ésimkfs • Bgojrifkmûl gnæstmkf • Kufltéf bg fkgrj

Srjkgbmimgltj Snfl bg Rrfdfhj y fspgktjs ítmkjs Tgkjngkkmûl y Srjkgsfimgltj bg mlojrifkmûl Bgsfrrjnnj bg nf mlvgstmefkmûl8 mlvgstmefkmûl8 igtjbj trfbmkmjlfn y sjotwfrg Gtfds Kjipfrfkmûl y bmskusmûl bg rgsuntfbjs

Gnfdjrfbj pjr Gstrfbf Tgygs [jomf [jnfleg y _grbg @ufifl H`jsgp Agvml

 

605

FLGPJ 4 Glkugstf f Mleglmgrjs Kmvmngs F. Bf Bftj tjss Eglg Eglgrf rfng ngss [gxj8  Ljidrg y Fpgnnmbjs8 Fpgnnmbjs8 Gspgkmfnmzfkmûl8 Föjs bg gxpgrmglkmf8 KMS8 D. Srgeu eult ltfs fs

Ogiglmlj ( )

Ifskunmlj ( )

6. ºVuí pr prjdng jdngifs ifs fktufngs fktufngs sg pugbg pugbg glkjltrfr glkjltrfr gl nf mleg mleglmgr lmgréf éf gstruk gstrukturfn turfn,, qug sg bgdf mlvgstmefr, kjlsmbgrflbj gn kjltgxtj gl gn qug `jy gl béf vmvmijs: 4. ºIfl ºIflghf ghf fneøl fneøl sjotw sjotwfrg frg gs gstrukt trukturfn urfn `j `jyy gl béf: ºK ºKuæn uæn gs gn lj ljidrg idrg y pj pjrr quí nj prgomgrg: ;. ºKuæn gs nf mipjrtflkmf bg nf kjipfrfkmûl bgn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn rgspgktj f nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds, gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj: 2. ºKuæn gs gn prjdngif prmlkmpfn qug ustgb glkugltrf gl nf kjipfrfkmûl bgn bmsgöj trfbmkmjlfn rgspgktj f nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds, gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj: 7. ºVuí jdhg jdhgtmvjs tmvjs ssgg pjb pjbréf réf pn pnfltgf fltgfrr gl gs gstf tf mlv mlvgstme gstmefkmû fkmûl: l: Kjipfrfkmûl bgn Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn rgspgktj f nf fpnmkfkmûl bgn sjotwfrg Gtfds, gl gn bmsgöj gstrukturfn bg ul gbmomkmj ?. ºKuæ ºKuænn gs gn fpjr fpjrtg tg qug gsp gspgr grff gl gst gstff mlvg mlvgst stme mefk fkmû mûl8 l8 kjipfrfkmûl bgn Bmsgöj Rrfbmkmjlfn y gn usj bgn [jotwfrg Gstrukturfn (Gtfds) gl ul gbmomkmj: 5. .º Kjljkg ustgb rgfnmzfbj gstg tgif bg mlvgstmefkmûl8 Kjipfrfkmûl bgn fneøl Bmsgöjrgpjrtg Rrfbmkmjlfn y gn usjsjdrg bgn [jotwfrg Gstrukturfn (Gtfds) bg ul gbmomkmj:

 

FLGPJ ; Tgspugstfs bgn kugstmjlfrmj f njs Mleglmgrjs Mleglmgrjs Kmvmngs F. Bf Bftj tjss Eglg Eglgrf rfng ngss [g glkugstfrjl glkugstfrjl f sgms mleglmgrjs kmvmngs1 kmlkj vfrj vfrjlgs lgs y ulf iuhgr1 bg njs kufngs trgs bg gnnjs tmglg iæs bg 67 föjs bg gxpgrmglkmf, fbgiæs bjs bg gnnjs sjl bjkgltgs bg nf gskugnf bg Mleglmgréf Kmvmn bg nf Wlmvgrsmbfb Lfkmjlfn bg Mleglmgréf y ulj bg gnnjs hgog bg præktmkfs bg njs kursjs bg gstrukturfs bg nf Wlmvgrsmbfb Sjltmomkmf Kftûnmkf bgn Sgrø

@mstjerfifs bg föjs bg gxpgrmglkmf

D. Srgeu eult ltfs fs 6. Srjd Srjdngifs ngifs ffktuf ktufngs ngs sg pu pugbg gbg glk glkjltr jltrfr fr gl nf mle mleglmg glmgréf réf gst gstrukt rukturfn urfn

? 7 2 ; 4 6 3 Tgojrzfimgltj y Tgpfrfkmûl

GI[

 

4. Ws Wsjj bg sjotwf sjotwfrg rgss gs gstru truktu kturfn rfngs gs

Kjlstrukkmjlgs vunlgrfdngs

Srjpmj Tgenfigltj

@mstjerfif bg [jotwfrgs Gstrukturfngs

;. Mi Mipjr pjrtfl tflkmf kmf bg nnff Mlvgs Mlvgstme tmefkm fkmûl ûl

@mstjerfif bg Mipjrtflkmf bgn Srjygktj

 

2. Sr Srjdn jdngif gif pr prmlk mlkmpf mpfnn bg nf Mlv Mlvgst gstmef mefkmû kmûl l

@mstjerfif bg Srjdngif Srmlkmpfn

7. Jdhg Jdhgtmvjs tmvjs qug sg sg pj pjbréf bréf p pnfltg nfltgfr fr gl gstf mmlvgs lvgstmefk tmefkmûl mûl

@mstjerfif bg Jdhgtmvjs

 

?. Fpj Fpjrtg rtg qug qug gspgr gspgrff gl gst gstff mlvg mlvgstm stmef efkmû kmûl l

@mstjerfif bg Fpjrtg gspgrfbj

5. Tgpj Tgpjrtg rtg j gs gstubmj tubmj ssmimnf mimnfrr sjdrg sjdrg gstg ttgif gif bg mlvg mlvgstmef stmefkmûl kmûl

@mstjerfif bg gstubmjs j rgpjrtgs smimnfrgs f nf mlvgstmefkmûl

 

6=4

FLGPJ 2 SNFLJ[ G[RTWKRWTFNG[ BGN IÍRJBJ RTFBMKMJLFN

 

6=;