Este Soy Yo Carl Rogers

 

^XIOBX@ ^@XTB J@HC@FDK @ TÏTRCK ^BX]KF@C J`hck mkok pbrskf`, dbsdb uf mkftbxtk db bxpbribfmi`s y bfsbð`fz`s pbrskf`cbs.

 

–B]TB ]KY YK‟ BC DB]@XXKCCK DB OI ^BF]@OIBFTK ^XKEB]IKF@C Y DB OI EICK]KEÏ@ ^BX]KF@C.  Bf bstb m`pïtuck jb rbufidk dks mj`rc`s db m`ràmtbr ouy pbrskf`c. J`mb mifmk `ðks eui ifvit`dk ` d`r uf` mkfebrbfmi` ` cks `cuofks dbc ÷ctiok mursk db c` Rfivbrsid`d db Hr`fdbis p`r` prbsbft`r, fk ois idb`s,  sifk ` oï oisok. Dbsb`h`f s`hbr mýok j`hï` ccba`dk ` bc`hkr`r ois  pbfs`oibftks y ` sbr ck qub jky sky. Ob p`rbmiý uf` ifvit`miýf diaf` db sbr tbfid` bf mubft` y ob bsekrmé pkr s`tise`mbr bc rbqubrioibftk db cks bstudi`ftbs. Bc `ðk p`s`dk bc ]tudbft Rfikf Ekruo Mkooittbb db Qismkfsif ob ekroucý uf` ifvit`miýf sioic`r. ]b ob pidiý qub j`hc`r` ` tïtuck pbrskf`c bf su sbrib –Rctio` mkfebrbfmi`‟, bf c` qub sb supkfb qub, pkr r`zkfbs fk bxpcimit`d`s, bc prkebskr d` su ÷ctio` mc`sb y pkr mkfsiauibftb pkfb oumjk db  sï oisok bf bcc`. (Ob prbauftk muàc bs c` r`zýf pkr c` mu`c bf fubstrk  sistbo` bdum`mikf`c sb supkfb qub uf prkebskr pubdb okstr`rsb t`c mu`c bs  sýck bf c`s pbkrbs mirmufst`fmi`s.) Bf c` mj`rc` db Qismkfsif ckaré bxprbs`r obgkr qub bf c` `ftbrikr c`s bfsbð`fz`s pbrskf`cbs k tbo`s eicksýeimks qub j`f ccba`dk ` `dquirir siafieim`dk p`r` oï. Bf bstb m`pïtuck jb rbufidk y mkohif`dk `oh`s mj`rc`s, tr`t`fdk db mkfsbrv`r bf mibrt` obdid` bc m`ràmtbr ifekro`c qub cbs dï bf su prbsbft`miýf ifimi`c.  C` rbspubst` rbspu bst` ` mm`d` `d` uf` db bst`s mj mj`rc`s `rc`s ob j` jbmjk rbmkfkmbr muàf dbsbksk pubdb bst`r uf kybftb db s`hbr `cak `mbrm` db c` pbrskf` qub  prkfufmi` uf` mkfebrbfmi` k dimt` uf` mc`sb. ^kr bst` r`zýf jb mkckm`dk bstb m`pïtuck `c mkoibfzk dbc cihrk, bspbr`fdk qub `c tr`fsoitir `cak db oï  prkpkrmikfb bc mkftbxtk `dbmu`dk ` cks m`pïtuc m`pïtucks ks qub sia siaubf ubf y dé `c rbstk dbc cihrk su vbrd`dbrk siafieim`dk. Ob j`f ifekro`dk qub ck qub bstb arupk `c qub jky ob dirigk bspbr` db oï bs qub ob rbeibr` `c tbo` qub pkdrï`oks tituc`r –Bstb sky yk‟. Bxpbriobftk divbrs`s rb`mmikfbs `ftb t`c ifvit`miýf, pbrk c` qub quisibr` dbst`m`r bs qub ob sibftk jkfr`dk y j`c`a`dk `c s`hbr qub uf arupk dbsb` mkfkmbr quiéf sky, bf téroifks pbrskf`cbs. ^ubdk `sbaur`rcbs qub bs uf` ifvit`miýf y ouy bxiabftb< iftbft`ré jkfbst` mkfkriaif`c tkd` c` jkfbstid`d db qub sky m`p`z. rbspkfdbr ` uf` prbauft`

 

05 »Puiéf sky yk; ]ky uf psimýckak muyk prifmip`c iftbrés, dur`ftb o oumjks umjks `ðks, j` sidk c` psimktbr`pi`. »Pué siafieim` bstk;. Fk iftbftk `hurrircks mkf uf` bfuobr`miýf db ois tr`h`gks, pbrk mit`ré ufks pàrr`eks dbc prbe`mik ` oi cihrk ^simktbr`pi` mbftr`d` bf bc mcibftb, * p`r` bxprbs`r db o`fbr` suhgbtiv` ck qub éstb siafieim` p`r` oï. Oi prkpýsitk mkfsistï` bf tr`fsoitir `c cbmtkr `ca÷f sbftioibftk skhrb bc tbo` dbc cihrk, y bsmrihï7 –»Db qué tr`t` bstb cihrk; Iftbft`ré d`r uf` rbspubst` qub bf `cauf` obdid`, tr`fsoit` c` bxpbribfmi` viv` qub bc cihrk prbtbfdb sbr.‟ –Bst` khr` sb rbeibrb `c suerioibftk y ` c` bspbr`fz`, ` c` `fsibd`d y ` c` s`tise`mmiýf qub ccbf`f bc mkfsuctkrik db m`d` tbr`pbut`. ]b rbeibrb ` c` ufimid`d db c` rbc`miýf qub m`d` tbr`pbut` bst`hcbmb mkf m`d` mcibftb ** b iau`cobftb ` cks bcbobftks mkoufbs qub dbsmuhrioks bf tkd`s bst`s rbc`mikfbs. ]b rbeibrb t`ohiéf ` c`s bxpbribfmi`s `ct`obftb pbrskf`cbs db m`d` ufk db fksktrks. Tr`t` `mbrm` dbc mcibftb qub bf oi mkfsuctkrik sb sibft` bf uf bxtrbok dbc bsmritkrik, cumj`fdk pkr sbr éc oisok, y sif boh`rak okrt`cobftb tbobrksk db sbrck< bsekrzàfdksb pkr vbr su bxpbribfmi` t`c mkok bs, dbsb`fdk sbr bs` bxpbribfmi`, pbrk ouy tbobrksk `ftb bs` pbrspbmtiv`. Bc cihrk tr`t` `mbrm` db oi oisok, sbft`dk `ccï `ftb bsb p`mibftb, m`r` ` m`r` y p`rtimip`fdk db su cumj` mkf tkd` c` sbfsihicid`d y prkeufdid`d db qub sky m`p`z. Tr`t` `mbrm` db oï bf t`ftk ob bseubrzk pkr pbrmihir su bxpbribfmi` y bc siafieim`dk, bc sbftidk, bc s`hkr qub tibfb p`r` éc. Tr`t` db oï bf c` obdid` bf qub dbpckrk oi e`cihicid`d juo`f` bf c` mkoprbfsiýf db bsb mcibftb, y ois er`m`sks km`sikf`cbs bf vbr c` vid` t`c mkok `p`rbmb p`r` éc, er`m`sks qub m`bf pbs`d`obftb skhrb c` iftrifm`d`, dbcim`d` tr`o` db su mrbmioibftk. ]b rbeibrb ` oï, bf cks okobftks bf qub diserutk dbc privicbaik db tr`br `c oufdk uf` fubv` pbrskf`cid`d< mu`fdk ob `p`rtk mkf rbspbtk `ftb c` bobrabfmi` db uf yk, db uf` pbrskf`< mu`fdk khsbrvk bc prkmbsk db uf f`mioibftk bf bc qub jb dbsbopbð`dk uf p`pbc iopkrt`ftb y e`micit`dkr. ]b rbeibrb t`ftk `c p`mibftb mkok ` oï bf t`ftk khsbrv`oks o`r`vicc`dks c`s eubrz`s pktbftbs y `roýfim`s qub sb o`fieibst`f bf bst` bxpbribfmi` tkt`c, eubrz`s qub p`rbmbf prkeufd`obftb `rr`ia`d`s bf bc ufivbrsk mkok uf tkdk. Mrbk qub bc cihrk sb rbeibrb ` c` vid`, bf c` obdid` bf qub ést` sb rbvbc` vïvid`obftb bf bc prkmbsk tbr`péutimk, mkf su mibak pkdbr y su j`mi` trbobfd` m`p`mid`d dbmu`fdk dbstrummiýf, mkf su iopucsk skhrbmkopbfs`dkr bc mrbmioibftk, sb d`fpbrk c`s mkfdimikfbs prkpimi`s.‟ Puizàs bstk pubd` d`rcbs uf` idb` db ck qub j`ak y rbvbc`rcbs ck qub sibftk `mbrm` db oi `mtivid`d prkebsikf`c. Io`aifk qub t`ohiéf sb prbauft`ràf mýok bcbaï bst` m`rrbr` y mýok tkoé `cauf`s db c`s dbmisikfbs y bcbmmikfbs, mkfsmibftbs b ifmkfsmibftbs, qub eubrkf suraibfdk bf bc m`oifk. iftbft`ré rbebrirob ` `caufks db cks `spbmtks psimkcýaimks oàs rbprbsbft`tivks db oi `utkhikar`eï`, p`rtimuc`robftb `qubccks qub sb rbc`mikf`f mkf oi vid` prkebsikf`c.

* Mcibft-Mbftbrbd Tjbr`py, tr`dummiýf m`stbcc`f`7 Hubfks @irbs, ^`idýs, 0955 ** ]b j` rbspbt`dk bc térrfifk kriaif`c ` pbs`r db qub ` vbmbs bstà vimi`dk mkf c` idb` mkobrmi`cist`

k db bfa`ðk.  

01 Ois priobrks `ðks. Ob mrié bf uf jka`r m`r`mtbriz`dk pkr bstrbmjks c`zks e`oici`rbs, bf uf` `toýsebr` étim` y rbciaiks` ouy bstrimt` b iftr`fsiabftb, qub sb siftbtiz`h` bf c` vbfbr`miýf dbc tr`h`gk `rduk. Eui bc mu`rtk db sbis jigks. Fubstrks p`drbs sb prbkmup`h`f oumjk pkr fksktrks y bstb hibfbst`r mkfstituï` bc khgbtk db su mkfst`ftb bseubrzk. T`ohiéf mkftrkc`h`f bstrimt`obftb fubstr` mkfdumt` db oumj`s o`fbr`s suticbs y `ebmtuks`s. Bccks d`h`f pkr sbft`dk, y yk ck `mbpt`h`, qub ér`oks diebrbftbs db ktr`s pbrskf`s< f`d` db hbhid`s `cmkjýcim`s, fi h`icbs, gubaks k bspbmtàmucks, ouy pkm` vid` skmi`c y oumjk tr`h`gk. Jky ob rbsut` ouy dieïmic mkfvbfmbr ` ois jigks db qub c`s hbhid`s m`rhkf`t`d`s tibfbf uf `rko` ciabr`obftb pbm`oifksk, y rbmubrdk oi cbvb sbfs`miýf db o`cd`d mu`fdk mkfsuoï oi priobr` a`sbks`. ^`sàh`oks r`tks `ar`d`hcbs bf e`oici`, pbrk fk bstàh`oks siboprb guftks, db o`fbr` qub eui uf fiðk h`st`ftb skcit`rik, qub cbï` ifmbs`ftbobftb y qub `c tbroif`r cks bstudiks bsmkc`rbs sýck j`hï` s`cidk mkf mjim`s bf dks kpkrtufid`dbs. Mu`fdk muopcï dkmb `ðks, ois p`drbs mkopr`rkf uf` ar`fg` b ifst`c`oks `ccï fubstrk jka`r. J`hï` dks r`zkfbs p`r` j`mbrck7 oi p`drb, qub sb j`hï` mkfvbrtidk bf uf prýspbrk jkohrb db fbakmiks, dbsb`h` j`cc`r uf p`s`tibopk, pbrk mrbk qub oàs iopkrt`ftb eub bc jbmjk db qub ois p`drbs mkfsidbr`h`f fbmbs`rik `cbg`r ` cks `dkcbsmbftbs db c` e`oici` db c`s –tbft`mikfbs‟ db c` vid` suhurh`f`. Bf c` ar`fg` dbs`rrkccé dks iftbrbsbs qub quizàs j`y`f kribft`dk bc ruohk db oi tr`h`gk pkstbrikr. Pubdé e`smif`dk pkr c`s aia`ftbsm`s o`ripks`s fkmturf`s (bst`h`f bf hka` cks cihrks db Abfb ]tr`ttkf-^krtbr) y ob mkfvbrtï bf uf` `utkrid`d skhrb c`s bxuhbr`ftbs Cuf`, ^kcipjbous, Mbmrkpi` y ktr`s o`ripks`s qub j`hit`h`f fubstrks hksqubs. C`hkriks`obftb mrié o`ripks`s bf m`utivbrik, muidé c`s krua`s, au`rdé cks m`puccks dur`ftbs cks c`raks obsbs db ifvibrfk, y bf abfbr`c mkfkmï `cauf`s db c`s `cbarï`s y erustr`mikfbs dbc mibftïeimk qub iftbft` khsbrv`r c` f`tur`cbz`. Oi p`drb bst`h` dbmididk ` `doifistr`r su fubv` ar`fg` mkf uf mritbrik mibftïeimk y mkf bsb khgbtk mkoprý oumjks cihrks skhrb `arimuctur`. Bstioucý `mubft` sus jigks ` `y boprbfdbr kpbr`mikfbs ifdbpbfdibftbs pkr prkpi`, ois jbro`fks y yk muid`oks pkccks, y ybfprkvbmjks`s `ca÷f okobftk mrï`oks kvbg`s, mbrdks y tbrfbrks. Db bst` o`fbr` ob mkfvbrtï bf uf bstudiksk db c` `arimuctur` mibftïeim`, y sýck bf `ðks rbmibftbs mkoprbfdï qub `qubcck ob `yudý ` `dquirir uf` idb` hàsim` skhrb c` mibfmi`. Fk j`hï` f`dib qub digbr` qub Ebbds `fd Ebbdifa db Okriskf, fk br` uf cihrk p`r` uf oumj`mjk db m`tkrmb `ðks, db okdk qub rbmkrrï sus mibftks db pàaif`s, `prbfdibfdk ` pc`fieim`r bxpbriobftks, ` mkop`r`r arupks db mkftrkc mkf arupks bxpbriobft`cbs, ` obftbfbr mkfst`ftbs c`s mkfdimikfbs db bxpbriobft`miýf obdi`ftb cks prkmbdioibftks db sbcbmmiýf `c `z`r, p`r` pkdbr dbtbroif`r c` ifecubfmi` db uf dbtbroif`dk

 

0: `ciobftk skhrb c` prkdummiýf db cbmjb k m`rfb. Mkoprbfdï muàf dieïmic bs vbrieim`r uf` jipýtbsis y `sï `prbfdï ` mkfkmbr y rbspbt`r cks oétkdks mibftïeimks bf uf m`opk db bseubrzks pràmtimks.

Bdum`miýf ufivbrsit`ri` y db pkstar`du`dk. Ifimié ois bstudiks ufivbrsit`riks bf Qismkfsif, bf bc m`opk db c` `arimuctur`. Rf` db c`s mks`s qub obgkr rbmubrdk bs c` vbjbobfmi` mkf qub uf prkebskr db `arkfkoï` sb rbebrï` `c `prbfdiz`gb y `c bopcbk db cks d`tks bopïrimks7 dbst`m`h` c` ifuticid`d db cks mkfkmioibftks bfmimckpédimks bf sï oisoks y, eif`ciz`h` mkf uf` `dokfimiýf7 –¡Fk sb`s uf v`aýf db oufimikfbs< sé uf riecb!‟ Dur`ftb ois dks priobrks `ðks bf c` ufivbrsid`d oi khgbtivk prkebsikf`c m`ohiý, y ` mkfsbmubfmi` db `cauf`s mkfebrbfmi`s rbciaiks`s qub tuvibrkf bf oï uf` iftbfs` rbskf`fmi` bokmikf`c, pbrdï bc iftbrés pkr c` `arimuctur` mibftïeim` p`r` dbmidirob pkr bc oifistbrik s`mbrdkt`c< ¡uf ciabrk m`ohik! Dbgé c` `arimuctur` y mkobfmé ` bstudi`r jistkri`, pkr mkfsidbr`rc` uf` prbp`r`miýf oàs `dbmu`d`. Dur`ftb oi pbf÷ctiok `ðk bf c` ufivbrsid`d eui bcbaidk bftrb uf` dkmbf` db bstudi`ftbs p`r` p`rtimip`r bf uf` mkfebrbfmi` iftbrf`mikf`c db c` Ebdbr`miýf Mristi`f` Bstudi`ftic Oufdi`c qub sb rb`ciz`rï` bf Mjif`. Bst` eub uf` bxpbribfmi` ouy iopkrt`ftb p`r` oï. C` mkfebrbfmi` sb ccbvý ` m`hk bf 0988, mu`trk `ðks dbspués dbc eif db c` ^riobr` Aubrr` Oufdi`c. Khsbrvé muàf `o`ra`obftb sb sbauï`f kdi`fdk er`fmbsbs y `cbo`fbs, ` pbs`r db qub mkok ifdividuks p`rbmï`f ouy `ar`d`hcbs. Ob vi khcia`dk ` `opci`r oi pbfs`oibftk y `doitir qub pbrskf`s ouy sifmbr`s y jkfbst`s pubdbf mrbbr bf dkmtrif`s rbciaiks`s ouy diebrbftbs. Ob bo`fmipé bf mibrtks `spbmtks eufd`obft`cbs dbc pbfs`oibftk rbciaiksk db ois p`drbs, Y mkoprbfdï qub y` fk pkdï` bst`r db `mubrdk mkf bccks. Bst` ifdbpbfdbfmi` db pbfs`oibftk m`usý ar`f dkckr y tir`ftbz bf fubstr`s rbc`mikfbs, pbrk `c mkfsidbr`r bs` situ`miýf dbsdb uf puftk db vist` rbtrkspbmtivk pibfsk qub bf bsb okobftk, oàs qub bf fifa÷f ktrk, ob mkfvbrtï bf uf` pbrskf` ifdbpbfdibftb. F`tur`cobftb j`hï` uf iopkrt`ftb db rbvubct` ysbrbhbciýf oi `mtitud dur`ftb pbrïkdk< pbrk c`bcbobftk ruptur` eufd`obft`c prkdugk bf dur`ftb cks sbis obsbs bsb db `usbfmi` pkr bc vi`gb ` Kribftb, y, bf mkfsbmubfmi`, eub bc`hkr`d` cbgks db c` ifecubfmi` dbc jka`r. @ufqub bf bst` bxpksimiýf dbhk rbebrirob skhrb tkdk ` cks e`mtkrbs qub ifecuybrkf skhrb oi dbs`rrkcck prkebsikf`c, dbsbk obfmikf`r hrbvbobftb uf bcbobftk db ar`f iopkrt`fmi` bf oi vid` pbrskf`c. Bf c` épkm` db oi vi`gb ` Mjif` ob bf`okré db uf` oumj`mj` `dkr`hcb ` quibf mkfkmï` dbsdb oi ife`fmi`. Fk hibf tbroifé c` ufivbrsid`d khtuvb bc mkfsbftioibftk db ois p`drbs, ktkra`dk ` rba`ð`dibftbs, y fks m`s`oks ifobdi`t`obftb, db okdk qub pudiér`oks `sistir guftks ` c` bsmubc` db ar`du`dks. Fk pubdk sbr khgbtivk `mbrm` db bstb tbo`, pbrk su `okr

 

09 y su mkfst`ftb mkop`ðbrisok dur`ftb tkdks bsks `ðks j`f sidk uf e`mtkr suo`obftb iopkrt`ftb y bfriqubmbdkr bf oi vid`. Dbmidï prbp`r`rob p`r` bc tr`h`gk rbciaiksk `sistibfdk `c Rfikf Tjbkckaim`c ]boif`ry, bc oàs cihbr`c dbc p`ïs bf bs` épkm` (0984). G`oàs c`obfté cks dks `ðks qub p`sé `ccï. Bstuvb bf mkft`mtk mkf ar`fdbs bruditks y o`bstrks, bf p`rtimuc`r mkf bc dkmtkr @. M. OmAieebrt, quibf mrbï` dbvkt`obftb bf c` cihbrt`d db ifquirir y bsekrz`rsb pkr j`cc`r c` vbrd`d, dkfdbquibr` qub ést` fks ccbvb. @jkr` qub mkfkzmk c`s ufivbrsid`dbs y bsmubc`s p`r` ar`du`dks, sus rbac`obftks y riaidbmbs, ob sibftk rb`cobftb `skohr`dk db uf` bxpbribfmi` siafieim`tiv` qub vivï bf bc Rfikf. Rf arupk db fksktrks sbftï` qub c`s idb`s fks ccba`h`f y` bc`hkr`d`s, mu`fdk bf rb`cid`d dbsbàh`oks bxpckr`r fubstr`s prkpi`s dud`s b ifmbrtiduohrbs, p`r` dbsmuhrir j`mi` dýfdb fks ccbv`rï`f. ]kcimit`oks pbroisk p`r` diriair fubstrk prkpik sboif`rik y pbdioks qub sb cb rbmkfkmibr` puft`gb `m`déoimk7 sbrï` uf sboif`rik sif ifstrumtkr, y bc pc`f db bstudiks bst`rï` iftbar`dk pkr fubstrks prkpiks iftbrrka`ftbs. C`s `utkrid`dbs sb o`fiebst`rkf mkoprbfsihcbobftb pbrpcbg`s `ftb fubstr` skcimitud, pbrk fks mkfmbdibrkf ck qub pbdï`oks. C` ÷fim` rbstrimmiýf qub fks iopusibrkf eub qub, pkr r`zkfbs rbac`obft`ri`s, uf `uxici`r dkmbftb gkvbf bst`rï` prbsbftb bf fubstrk sboif`rik, pbrk fk p`rtimip`rï` bf fubstr`s dismusikfbs ` obfks qub ck skcimitàr`oks. ]upkfak qub fk bs fbmbs`rik `arba`r qub bstb sboif`rik mkfstituyý uf` bxpbribfmi` p`rtimuc`robftb rim` y bsmc`rbmbdkr`, ]ibftk qub ob iopucsý dur`ftb uf hubf trbmjk dbc m`oifk qub j`hrï` db rbmkrrbr j`st` dbs`rrkcc`r oi prkpi` eickskeï` db c` vid`. C` o`ykrï` db `qubc arupk, `c husm`r c`s rbspubst`s ` sus prkpi`s prbauft`s, c`s bfmkftr`rkf eubr` dbc àohitk rbciaiksk, qub eif`cobftb `h`fdkf`rkf. Yk eui ufk db bccks. ]bftï` qub quizà siboprb ob iftbrbs`rï`f c`s prbauft`s rbc`mikf`d`s mkf bc sbftidk db c` vid` y t`ohiéf c` pksihicid`d db ckar`r uf obgkr`oibftk db ïfdkcb mkfstrumtiv` db c` vid` ifdividu`c, pbrk fk pkdï` tr`h`g`r bf uf m`opk bf bc qub ob vbï` khcia`dk ` mrbbr bf uf` dkmtrif` rbciaiks` dbtbroif`d`. Ois mrbbfmi`s sb j`hï`f okdieim`dk r`dim`cobftb y pkdï`f sbauir m`ohi`fdk. Ob p`rbmï` jkrrihcb tbfbr qub Pubrï` prkebs`rbfmkftr`r uf` sbrib mrbbfmi`s p`r`pudibr` pkdbr tbfbr pbro`fbmbr bf uf` prkebsiýf. uf db àohitk bf bc mu`c c` sbaurid`d db qub f`d` cioit`rï` oi cihbrt`d db pbfs`oibftk.

Mýok ob mkfvbrtï bf psimýckak. »@ qué dbdim`rob; Bf bc Rfikf ob j`hï` sbftidk `tr`ïdk pkr cks mursks y mkfebrbfmi`s skhrb psimkckaï` y psiqui`trï`, qub bf bs` épkm` mkobfz`h`f ` dbs`rrkcc`rsb. Oumj`s pbrskf`s mkftrihuybrkf ` dbspbrt`r oi iftbrés, bftrb bcc`s Akkdwif Q`tskf, J`rriskf Bcciktt Bccikt t y O`ri`f Lbfwkrtjy.

 

8> Mkrfbfmé ` `sistir ` oàs mursks bf bc Tb`mjbrs´Mkccbab, db c` Rfivbrsid`d db Mkcuohi`, qub bst`h` situ`dk erbftb `c Rfikf ]boif`ry. Ifimié uf mursk skhrb eickskeï` db c` bdum`miýf dimt`dk pkr Qicci`o J. Licp`triml, quibf rbsuctý uf ar`f o`bstrk. Mkobfmé ois pràmtim`s mcïfim`s mkf fiðks, h`gk c` supbrvisiýf db Cbt` Jkccifawkrtj, uf` pbrskf` sbfsihcb y pràmtim`. ^rkftk ob bfmkftré dbdim`dk ` c` kribft`miýf ife`ftic db o`fbr` t`c qub, ar`du`cobftb y mkf ouy pkmks bseubrzks db rb`gustb, ob bst`hcbmï bf bsb m`opk y mkobfmé ` pbfs`r bf oï oisok mkok psimýckak mcïfimk. Eub uf p`sk d`dk su`vbobftb y mkf pkm` mkfmibfmi` db c` bcbmmiýf qub j`mï`7 siopcbobftb ob dbdiqué ` c`s `mtivid`dbs qub ob iftbrbs`h`f. Oibftr`s bst`h` bf bc Tb`mjbr´s Mkccbab skcimité y khtuvb uf` hbm` k iftbrf`dk bf bc bftkfmbs ec`o`ftb Ifstitutb ekr Mjicd Auid`fmb (Ifstitutk db Kribft`miýf Ife`ftic), p`trkmif`d` pkr bc Mkookfwb`ctj Eufd. Oumj`s vbmbs `ar`dbmï bc jbmjk db j`hbr bst`dk `ccï dur`ftb bc priobr `ðk db su bxistbfmi`. C` kra`fiz`miýf sb bfmkftr`h` bf uf bst`dk m`ýtimk, pbrk bstk siafieim`h` qub m`d` ufk db fksktrks pkdï` j`mbr ck qub quisibr`. Ob e`oici`rimé mkf cks bfekqubs erbudi`fks difàoimks db cks prkebskrbs, bftrb cks qub bst`h`f D`vid Cbvy y C`wskf Ckwrby y dbsmuhrï qub bftr`h`f bf mkfecimtk mkf bc puftk db vist` bst`dïstimk riaurksk, mibftïeimk y erï`obftb khgbtivk bftkfmbs prbv`cbftb bf bc Tb`mjbr´s Mkccbab. Mu`fdk ck rbmubrdk, pibfsk qub oi fbmbsid`d db rbskcvbr bsb mkfecimtk eub uf` bxpbribfmi` db ifbstio`hcb v`ckr. Bf `qubc okobftk sbftï` qub ob j`cc`h` situ`dk bf dks oufdks mkopcbt`obftb distiftks, y qub –`ohks g`oàs sb bfmkftr`rï`f‟. bfmkftr`rï`f‟ . J`mi` bc eif dbc iftbrf`dk, ob vï bf c` fbmbsid`d db khtbfbr uf bopcbk p`r` o`ftbfbr ` oi mrbmibftb e`oici`, `ufqub tkd`vï` fk juhibr` mkfmcuïdk oi dkmtkr`dk. Cks pubstks fk `hufd`h`f, y rbmubrdk bc `civik y c` `cbarï` qub sbftï `c bfmkftr`r ufk. Eui bopcb`dk mkok psimýckak bf bc Mjicd ]tudy Dbp`rtobft (Dbp`rt`obftk db Bstudiks Ife`fticbs) db c` ]kmibty ekr tjb ^rbvbftikf ke Mrubcty tk Mjicdrbf (]kmibd`d p`r` c` ^rktbmmiýf db c` Ife`fmi` Mkftr` c` Mrubcd`d), bf Xkmjbstbr, Fubv` Ykrl. Bf bstb dbp`rt`obftk j`hï` trbs psimkckaks, y oi subcdk br` db 89>> dýc`rbs `fu`cbs. Jky rbmubrdk, bftrb divbrtidk y `skohr`dk, c` o`fbr` bf qub `mbpté bc m`rak. C` r`zýfbcpkr c` mu`c t`f^kr mkopc`midk bs qub br` uf`mrbk kpkrtufid`d db rb`ciz`r r`h`gk qubob yk sbftï qubrï`. ck qub pubdk rbmkrd`r, qub bf bs` kpkrtufid`d fk pbfsé qub sb tr`t`h` pràmtim`obftb db uf m`ccbgýf sif s`cid` bf oi m`rrbr` prkebsikf`c, qub fk pkdrï` bst`hcbmbr mkft`mtks mkf ktrks prkebsikf`cbs, y qub bc subcdk fk br` hubfk siquibr` bf rbc`miýf mkf c` épkm`. Mrbk qub siboprb sbftï qub si j`cc`h` uf` kpkrt kpkrtufid`d ufid`d db j`mbr ck qub oàs ob iftbrbs`r`, tkdk ck dboàs sb skcumikf`rï` pkr sï skck.

 

80 Cks `ðks bf Xkmjbstbr. Cks dkmb `ðks siauibftbs qub p`sé bf Xkmjbstbr eubrkf ouy v`ciksks. Dur`ftb cks priobrks kmjk, pkr ck obfks, bstuvb mkopcbt`obftb dbdim`dk ` c` prbst`miýf db sbrvimiks psimkcýaimks pràmtimks, di`afkstim`fdk y pc`fb`fdk bf oi tr`h`gk mkf fiðks dbcifmubftbs y dbsv`cidks qub fks bfvi`h`f cks trihuf`cbs y bftid`dbs< y bf oumjks m`sks j`mibfdk –bftrbvist`s tbr`péutim`s‟< Eub uf pbrïkdk db rbc`tivk `isc`oibftk prkebsikf`c, dur`ftb bc mu`c oi ÷fim` prbkmup`miýf eub tr`t`r db sbr oàs beim`z mkf fubstrks mcibftbs. Tbfï`oks qub sbauir vivibfdk mkf fubstrks er`m`sks `sï mkok mkf fubstrks triufeks, db okdk qub fks vioks ekrz`dks ` `prbfdbr. J`hï` uf ÷fimk mritbrik p`r` bv`cu`r mu`cquibr oétkdk qub bopcbàr`oks p`r` tr`t`r ` bst`s mri`tur`s y ` sus p`drbs< bc mritbrik br` –»Eufmikf`; »Bs beim`z;‟ ^rkftk dbsmuhrï qub bst`h` mkobfz`fdk ` ekrouc`r ois prkpiks puftks db vist` ` p`rtir db oi bxpbribfmi` di`ri`. Xbmubrdk trbs `mkftbmioibftks siafieim`tivks, tkdks bccks pbqubðks pbrk iopkrt`ftbs p`r` oï bf bsb okobftk. Ob `skohr` qub sb`f tkdks bgbopcks db dbsicusikfbs7 mkf uf` `utkrid`d, mkf o`tbri`cbs y mkfoiak oïsok. Dur`ftb oi ekro`miýf ob j`hï`f e`smif`dk cks tr`h`gks dbc dkmtkr Qicci`o Jb`cy, qub ifdim`h`f qub c` dbcifmubfmi` ` obfudk sb h`s` bf mkfecimtks sbxu`cbs, y qub si sb ckar` j`mbr `eckr`r bstks ÷ctioks, c` mkfdumt` dbcimtiv` pubdb dbs`p`rbmbr. Dur`ftb oi priobrk k sbaufdk `ðk bf Xkmjbstbr rb`cimé uf tr`h`gk ouy `rduk mkf uf gkvbf pirko`fï`mk qub o`fiebst`h` uf iopucsk ifmbfdi`rik ifmkftbfihcb. Bftrbvistàfdkck dï` tr`s dï` bf su cua`r db rbmcusiýf, dbsmuhrï ar`du`cobftb qub tr`s su dbsbk sb kmuct`h` uf iopucsk sbxu`c rbc`mikf`dk mkf c` o`sturh`miýf. ¡B÷rbl`c Bc m`sk bst`h` rbsubctk. Fk khst`ftb, `c sbr pubstk bf cihbrt`d mkfdimikf`c bc gkvbf rbifmidiý. Xbmubrdk bc iop`mtk qub suerï. Jb`cy pkdï` bst`r bquivkm`dk, Puizà yk bst`h` `prbfdibfdk `cak qub Jb`cy iafkr`h`. Db `cauf` o`fbr`, bstb ifmidbftb ob suairiý c` pksihicid`d db qub bxistibr`f brrkrbs bf c`s bfsbð`fz`s db c`s `utkrid`dbs y ob jizk pbfs`r qub `÷f qubd`h`f mkfkmioibftks pkr dbsmuhrir. Oi sbaufdk dbsmuhrioibftk, ifabfuk mkok bc priobrk, eub db ktr` f`tur`cbz`. ^kmk tibopk dbspués db oi ccba`d` ` Xkmjbstbr mkkrdifé uf arupk db `fàcisis skhrb bftrbvist`s. Dbsmuhrï uf` puhcim`miýf qub mkftbfï` uf` bftrbvist` mkf uf prkabfitkr, tr`fsmript` m`si p`c`hr` pkr p`c`hr`, bf c` mu`c bc bftrbvist`dkr sb okstr`h` jàhic, pbrspim`z b iftbciabftb, y ràpid`obftb ccbv`h` c` mkfvbrs`miýf `c f÷mcbk dbc prkhcbo`. Ob `cbaré db pkdbr us`rc` mkok bgbopck db uf` hubf` témfim`. U`riks `ðks dbspués, `ftb uf m`sk sbobg`ftb, rbmkrdé `qubc bxmbcbftb o`tbri`c. Mu`fdk ck j`ccé y vkcvï ` cbbrck ob sbftï bsp`ft`dk. Ob p`rbmiý uf `stutk iftbrrka`tkrik gudimi`c, bf bc mu`c bc bftrbvist`dkr mucp`h`

 

88 `c prkabfitkr pkr sus oktiv`mikfbs ifmkfsmibftbs, j`st` khtbfbr db éc c` mkfebsiýf db su dbcitk. Oi bxpbribfmi` y` ob j`hï` bfsbð`dk qub fk br` pksihcb bspbr`r hbfbeimiks dur`dbrks p`r` bc p`drb fi p`r` bc jigk db bftrbvist`s db bstb tipk. Bftkfmbs mkoprbfdï qub ob bst`h` `cbg`fdk db mu`cquibr bfekqub mkbrmitivk k `arbsivk bf c`s rbc`mikfbs mcïfim`s< fk pkr oktivks eicksýeimks, sifk pkrqub t`cbs bfekqubs fufm` p`s`f db sbr sýck supbreimi`cobftb beim`mbs. Bc tbrmbr jbmjk kmurriý v`riks `ðks oàs t`rdb. Y` j`hï` `prbfdidk ` sbr oàs sutic y pbrsbvbr`ftb `c iftbrprbt`r c` mkfdumt` db uf p`mibftb, y ` rbauc`r c` `p`rimiýf dbc o`tbri`c, p`r` fk ifspir`r rbmj`zk. J`hï` bst`dk tr`h`g`fdk mkf uf` o`drb ouy iftbciabftb, muyk jigk br` uf` bspbmib db dbokfik. Bc prkhcbo` sb rbc`mikf`h` mc`r`obftb mkf bc rbmj`zk qub bcc` j`hï` sbftidk pkr éc bf épkm`s tbopr`f`s, pbrk dur`ftb oumj`s bftrbvist`s fk ckaré `yud`rc` ` mkoprbfdbr bstk. Ifd`aué sus `ftbmbdbftbs, y mkf tkd` dbcim`dbz` rbufï cks bcbobftks db guimik suraidks< tr`té db prbsbftàrsbcks db o`fbr` qub bcc` ckar`r` mkoprbfdbr c` situ`miýf, pbrk fk pudioks `v`fz`r. ^kr ÷ctiok ob dbmc`ré vbfmidk. Cb mkoufiqué oi kpifiýf db qub si hibf `ohks j`hï`oks rb`ciz`dk cks o`ykrbs bseubrzks, j`hï`oks er`m`s`dk, db okdk qub ck oàs mkfvbfibftb sbrï` suspbfdbr fubstr` rbc`miýf. Bcc` sb o`fiebstý db `mubrdk. Mkfmcuioks c` bftrbvist`, fks bstrbmj`oks c` o`fk, y oi p`mibftb sb diriaiý j`mi` c` pubrt` dbc mkfsuctkrik. Rf` vbz `ccï, sb vkcviý y prbauftý7 –»]b kmup` ustbd db `sbskr`r ` `ductks;‟ Mu`fdk cb rbspkfdï `eiro`tiv`obftb, digk, –Hibf, bftkfmbs quisibr` skcimit`r su `yud`.‟ Xbarbsý ` c` sicc` qub `m`h`h` db `h`fdkf`r y -mkobfzý ` vbrtbr `o`ra`s qubg`s skhrb su o`trïokfik, cks prkhcbo`s qub bxpbriobft`h` bf c` rbc`miýf mkf su bspksk, su sbftioibftk db er`m`sk y mkfeusiýf< bf sïftbsis, uf o`tbri`c ouy diebrbftb db c` bstéric –jistkri` mcïfim`‟ qub j`st` bsb okobftk j`hï` prbsbft`dk. ]ýck bftkfmbs mkobfzý c` vbrd`dbr` tbr`pi`, qub, pkr ktr` p`rtb, rbsuctý ouy bxitks`. Bstb ifmidbftb eub sýck ufk db cks t`ftks qub ob pbroitibrkf bxpbriobft`r bc jbmjk -qub sýck mkoprbfdï oàs t`rdb- db qub bs mcibftb quibf s`hb qué bs ck qub cb `ebmt`, j`mi` dýfdb diriairsb, muàcbs skf sus prkhcbo`s eufd`obft`cbs y muàcbs sus bxpbribfmi`s kcvid`d`s. Mkoprbfdï qub, ` obfks qub yk fbmbsit`r` dbokstr`r oi prkpi` iftbciabfmi` y ois mkfkmioibftks, ck obgkr sbrï` mkfei`r bf c` dirbmmiýf qub bc mcibftb oisok iopriob `c prkmbsk.

»^simýckak, k qué; Dur`ftb bstb pbrïkdk mkobfmé ` pbfs`r qub, bf rb`cid`d, yk fk br` uf psimýckak. Bf c` Rfivbrsid`d db Xkmjbstbr mkoprbfdï qub bc tr`h`gk qub bst`h` ccbv`fdk ` m`hk fk br` psimkckaï` y qub bf bc Dbp`rt`obftk db ^simkckaï` f`dib sb iftbrbs`h` pkr ois bfsbð`fz`s. Mkfmurrï ` c`s

 

8= sbsikfbs db c` @obrim`f ^symjkckaim`c @sskmi`tikf (@skmi`miýf  Fkrtb`obrim`f` db ^simkckaï`) y mkoprkhé qub bf bcc`s sb bxpkfï`f tr`h`gks skhrb cks prkmbsks db `prbfdiz`gb db c`s r`t`s y bxpbriobftks db c`hkr`tkrik qub, `c p`rbmbr, fk au`rd`h`f rbc`miýf `cauf` mkf ck qub yk bt`h` j`mibfdk. ]if boh`rak, cks `sistbftbs skmi`cbs psiquiàtrimks p`rbmï`f j`hc`r oi idiko`, db o`fbr` qub boprbfdï `mtivid`dbs bf bsb m`opk y ob rbc`mikfé mkf cks kra`fisoks ckm`cbs y f`mikf`cbs mkrrbspkfdibftbs. ]ýck mu`fdk sb mrbý c` @obrim`f @sskmi`tikf ekr @ppcibd ^symjkckay (@skmi`miýf Fkrtb`obrim`f` db ^simkckaï` @pcim`d`), bopbmé ` dbsbopbð`rob `mtiv`obftb mkok psimýckak. Mkobfmé ` tr`h`g`r bf bc Dbp`rt`obftk db ]kmikckaï` db c` Rfivbrsid`d, bf bc qub dimté mursks muyk tbo` br` mýok mkoprbfdbr y tr`t`r ` cks fiðks mkf prkhcbo`s. ^rkftk bc Dbp`rt`obftk db Bdum`miýf prbtbfdiý ifmcuir ois mursks bf c` m`tbakrï` db mursks skhrb bdum`miýf. (@ftbs db qub `h`fdkf`r` Xkmjbstbr, bc Dbp`rt`obftk db ^simkckaï` t`ohiéf skcimitý pbroisk p`r` ifmkrpkr`r ois mursks, `mbptàfdkob `sï mkok psimýckak). @c dbsmrihir bst`s bxpbribfmi`s `dvibrtk muàf bopbmif`d`obftb sbauï ois prkpi`s cïfb`s db tr`h`gk, sif prbkmup`rob pkr bc jbmjk db fk tr`h`g`r guftk mkf oi arupk. Bc tibopk fk ob pbroitb rbebrirob `c bseubrzk qub rbprbsbftý ifst`c`r uf Mbftrk db Kribft`miýf bf Xkmjbstbr fi ` c` h`t`cc` qub skstuvb mkf `caufks oibohrks dbc arupk db psiqui`tr`s. Eubrkf, bf su o`ykr p`rtb, rbfmicc`s `doifistr`tiv`s qub fk au`rd`f oumj` rbc`miýf mkf bc dbs`rrkcck db ois idb`s.

Ois jigks. Dur`ftb cks `ðks bf qub tr`h`gé bf Xkmjbstbr, tr`fsmurriý c` ife`fmi` db ois jigks ”uf v`rýf y uf` fið`-, quibfbs ob bfsbð`rkf skhrb cks ifdividuks, su dbs`rrkcck y sus rbc`mikfbs, oumjk oàs db ck qub pubdb `pkrt`r mu`cquibr `prbfdiz`gb prkebsikf`c. Fk mrbk j`hbr sidk uf ouy hubf p`drb dur`ftb sus priobrks `ðks, pbrk `ekrtuf`d`obftb oi bspks` eub uf` bxmbcbftb o`drb< y ` obdid` qub p`sý bc tibopk, pibfsk qub yk oisok ob mkfvbrtï pkmk ` pkmk, bf uf p`drb oàs mkoprbfsivk. ]if dud` `cauf`, dur`ftb bsks `ðks y oàs t`rdb, eub uf ifm`cmuc`hcb privicbaik bc jbmjk db bst`r bf rbc`miýf mkf dks fiðks p`rtimuc`robftb sbfsihcbs y vivir guftk ` bccks cks pc`mbrbs y dkckrbs db su fiðbz, cks dkao`tisoks y dieimuct`dbs db su `dkcbsmbfmi` y, oàs `dbc`ftb, c` ifimi`miýf db su vid` db `ductks y c` mkfstitumiýf db sus prkpi`s e`oici`s. ^ibfsk qub oi bspks` y yk mkfsidbr`oks qub ufk db fubstrks o`ykrbs ckarks bs pkdbr o`ftbfbr uf` rb`c mkoufim`miýf mkf fubstrks jigks y` `ductks y mkf sus mýfyuabs, y qub bccks t`ohiéf pubd`f j`mbr ck oisok mkf fksktrks.

 

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Cks `ðks bf Kjik. Bf 094> `mbpté uf pubstk bf c` Rfivbrsid`d dbc Bst`dk db Kjik. ^ibfsk qub c` ÷fim` r`zýf pkr c` mu`c sb ob ktkraý bc m`rak eub oi cihrk Mcifim`c Trb`tobft ke tjb ^rkhcbo Mjicd, bsmritk dur`ftb c`s v`m`mikfbs y `caufks hrbvbs pbrïkdks db cimbfmi`s. ^`r` oï skrprbs`, y mkftr`ri`obftb ` ck qub bspbr`h`, ob kerbmibrkf uf` màtbdr` mkok prkebskr mkf dbdim`miýf bxmcusiv`. Mkf tkd` sifmbrid`d rbmkoibfdk ` cks euturks dkmbftbs qub prkmurbf ifarbs`r bf bc oufdk `m`déoimk bf bstb fivbc. Oumj`s vbmbs ob sbftï `ar`dbmidk pkr j`hbr pkdidk bvit`r bc prkmbsk mkopbtitivk db cks bsm`c`ekfbs db c`s e`muct`dbs, ` obfudk t`f dbar`d`ftbs, dkfdb mkf erbmubfmi` cks ifdividuks `prbfdbf sýck uf` cbmmiýf7 fk obtbr c` f`riz bf `suftks `gbfks. @c iftbft`r bfsbð`r ` cks ar`du`dks db c` Rfivbrsid`d db Kjik ck qub j`hï` `prbfdidk `mbrm` dbc tr`t`oibftk y `sbskr`oibftk, mkobfmé ` `dvbrtir qub quizà yk j`hï` dbs`rrkcc`dk oi prkpik puftk db vist`, ` p`rtir db oi bxpbribfmi`. Mu`fdk tr`té db ekrouc`r `cauf`s db bst`s idb`s y bxpkfbrc`s bf uf tr`h`gk qub prbsbfté ` c` Rfivbrsid`d db Oiffbskt`, bf dimibohrb db 094>, bxpbriobfté rb`mmikfbs ouy iftbfs`s. ^kr priobr` vbz mkoprbfdï bc jbmjk db qub uf` idb` oï`, qub quizà ob p`rbzm` hricc`ftb y pcbf` db pktbfmi`cid`dbs, pubdb rbprbsbft`r uf` sbrï` `obf`z` p`r` ktr`s pbrskf`s. @c mkfvbrtirob bf bc mbftrk db c` mrïtim` y rbmihir kpifikfbs bf e`vkr y bf mkftr`, ob sbftï dbsmkfmbrt`dk y `s`ct`dk pkr dud`s y pc`ftbks. ]if boh`rak, s`hï` qub tbfï` bcbobftks qub `pkrt`r y rbd`mté bc o`fusmritk db Mkufsbcifa `fd ^symjktjbr`py, bf bc qub bxpusb ck qub, ` o oii gguimik, uimik, br` uf` kribft`miýf oàs beim`z db c` tbr`pi`. Bf bstb puftk `dvibrtk uf` vbz oàs, y fk sif mibrtk juokr, ck pkmk qub siboprb ob iftbrbsý sbr –rb`cist`‟. Mu`fdk prbsbfté bc o`fusmritk, bc bditkr ck mkfsidbrý iftbrbs`ftb y kriaif`c, pbrk sb prbauftý bf qué mursks sb us`rï`. Cb digb qub sýck mkfkmï` dks7 ufk db bccks ` oi m`rak, y bc ktrk, bf ktr` ufivbrsid`d. Bc bditkr kpifý qub mkobtï` uf ar`vb brrkr `c fk bsmrihir uf tbxtk qub sb pudibr` `dkpt`r bf cks mursks bxistbftbs. ]b okstrý ouy duhit`tivk `mbrm` db c` pksihicid`d db vbfdbr dks oic bgbopc`rbs, m`ftid`d oïfio` fbmbs`ri` p`r` muhrir cks a`stks. Dbmidiý `rribsa`rsb sýck mu`fdk cb `fufmié qub ck prkpkfdrï` ` ktr` bditkrï`c. Iafkrk quiéf db fksktrks bxpbriobftý o`ykr skrprbs` `ftb c` `mkaid` dbc cihrk7 sb vbfdibrkf sbtbft` oic bgbopc`rbs j`st` jky y c`s vbft`s mkftif÷`f.

Cks `ðks rbmibftbs. Mrbk qub dbsdb bsb okobftk j`st` bc prbsbftb oi vid` prkebsikf`c sb j`cc` sueimibftbobftb dkmuobft`d` bf c`s khr`s qub jb bsmritk7 p`sé mifmk `ðks bf Kjik, dkmb bf c` Rfivbrsid`d db Mjim`ak y mu`trk bf c` Rfivbrsid`d db Qismkfsif. ]bð`c`ré hrbvbobftb dks k trbs puftks qub, ` oi guimik, rbvistbf mibrt` siafieim`miýf.

 

82 Jb `prbfdidk ` vivir o`ftbfibfdk rbc`mikfbs tbr`péutim`s m`d` vbz oàs prkeufd`s mkf uf mrbmibftb f÷obrk db mcibftbs. Bstk pubdb sbr bxtrbo`d`obftb ar`tieim`ftb y, bf bebmtk, ck j` sidk. ^brk bf mibrt`s km`sikfbs pubdb mkfstituir uf` eubftb db ifquibtud, mu`fdk uf` pbrskf` mkf uf` `ctbr`miýf ar`vb p`rbmb prbtbfdbr db oï oàs db ck qub pubdk d`rcb, p`r` s`tise`mbr sus fbmbsid`dbs. ]if dud` `cauf`, bc bgbrmimik db c` tbr`pi` bs `cak qub rbquibrb uf dbs`rrkcck pbrskf`c ififtbrruopidk pkr p`rtb dbc tbr`pbut`< y bstk ` vbmbs bs dkckrksk, `ufqub bf dbeifitiv` rbsuct` siboprb s`tise`mtkrik. T`ohiéf ob aust`rï` obfmikf`r c` iopkrt`fmi` m`d` vbz o`ykr qub c` ifvbstia`miýf j` ccba`dk ` `dquirir p`r` oï. C` tbr`pi` bs uf` bxpbribfmi` bf c` qub pubdk `h`fdkf`rob ` oi prkpi` suhgbtivid`d< c` ifvbstia`miýf, bf m`ohik, ob bxiab o`ftbfbrob ` dist`fmi` y tr`t`r db bfekm`r bst` rim` bxpbribfmi` suhgbtiv` mkf khgbtivid`d y `pcim`r cks oétkdks mibftïeimks p`r` dbtbroif`r si fk ob jb bfa`ð`dk. Tbfak c` mkfvimmiýf m`d` vbz oàs eirob db qub, bf bc euturk, dbsmuhrirboks cbybs db c` pbrskf`cid`d y db c` mkfdumt` qub ccba`ràf ` sbr t`f siafieim`tiv`s p`r` bc prkarbsk k c` mkoprbfsiýf juo`f`s mkok ck skf jky c`s cbybs db c` ar`vbd`d k db c` tbrokdifàoim`. Dur`ftb c`s dks ÷ctio`s dém`d`s jb ckar`dk `mkstuohr`rob `cak oàs `c jbmjk db sbr mkoh`tidk, pbrk c`s rb`mmikfbs qub ois idb`s prkvkm`f mkftif÷`f skrprbfdiéfdkob. Dbsdb oi puftk db vist`, siboprb jb pc`ftb`dk ois idb`s ` okdk db bfs`yk< bs `c cbmtkr k `c bstudi`ftb ` quibfbs mkrrbspkfdb c` dbmisiýf db `mbpt`rc`s k rbmj`z`rc`s. ^brk bf diebrbftbs épkm`s y cua`rbs, psimýckaks, `sbskrbs y bdum`dkrbs tbfdibrkf ` bfmkcbriz`rsb `ftb ois puftks db vist` k sb siftibrkf iopucs`dks ` dbsdbð`rcks k mbfsur`rcks. ]i hibf tkdk bsb eurkr sb eub `p`miau`fdk bftrb cks prkebsikf`cbs db cks m`opks obfmikf`dks, bf `ðks rbmibftbs sb j` rbfkv`dk bftrb cks psiqui`tr`s, `caufks db cks mu`cbs pibfs`f qub, bf mibrtk sbftidk, oi o`fbr` db tr`h`g`r rbprbsbft` uf` ar`vb `obf`z` p`r` oumjks db sus prifmipiks oàs prbmi`dks b ïfmubstikf`hcbs. Puizà c`s tkrobft`s db c` mbfsur` j`y`f sidk iau`cbs k `uf supbr`d`s pkr bc d`ðk qub ob m`us`f `qubccks –dismïpucks‟ qub fi ekrouc`f mrïtim`s fi mubstikf`f f`d`< sb tr`t` db ifdividuks qub j`f `dquiridk `cak `sï mkok uf fubvk puftk db vist` p`r` sï oisoks y j`f prbsbft`dk h`t`cc` bftrb tkdks k ifdividu`cobftb, bopcb`fdk mkok `ro`s c` mkoprbfsiýf, ` vbmbs vbmb s mkrrbmt` y ktr`s ifmkrrbmt`, db ois tr`h`gks y db oï oisok. Bf mibrtks okobftks ob j` rbsuct`dk dieïmic s`hbr si ob j`f jbridk oàs ois –`oiaks‟ k ois bfboiaks. Puizàs ` m`us` db qub bc jbmjk db sbr mkoh`tidk ob rbsuct` p`rtimuc`robftb pbrturh`dkr, jb ccba`dk ` v`ckr`r bf ar`f obdid` bc privicbaik db `isc`rob, db bst`r skck. ^ibfsk qub cks pbrïkdks oàs erumtïebrks db oi tr`h`gk skf `qubccks bf qub eui m`p`z db `cbg`rob pkr mkopcbtk db ck qub ktrks pibfs`f, db c`s bxpbmt`tiv`s prkebsikf`cbs y c`s bxiabfmi`s di`ri`s, y `dquirir uf` pbrspbmtiv` ackh`c db ck qub bstky j`mibfdk. Oi bspks` y yk jboks dbsmuhibrtk vbrd`dbrks rbeuaiks bf mibrt`s zkf`s db Oéximk y bc M`rihb< `jï f`dib s`hb qub sky psimýckak, y ois prifmip`cbs `mtivid`dbs

 

85 mkfsistbf bf pift`r, f`d`r, humb`r y m`ptur`r bc p`is`gb bf ektkar`eï`s db mkckr. ]if boh`rak, bf bstks cua`rbs, dkfdb sýck dbdimk trbs k mu`trk jkr`s di`ri`s ` oi `mtivid`d prkebsikf`c, jb ckar`dk c` o`ykr p`rtb db cks prkarbsks qub rb`cimé bf cks ÷ctioks `ðks. ^kr tkdk bcck, `prbmik bc privicbaik db bst`r skck.

@CARF@] BF]BÐ@FW@] ]IAFIEIM@TIU@]. Jb jbmjk uf` hrbvb rbsbð` db cks `spbmtks p÷hcimks db oi vid` prkebsikf`c. ^brk ob aust`rï` tr`fsoitircbs `cauf`s db c`s mks`s qub jb `prbfdidk bf c`s oicbs db jkr`s qub bopcbé tr`h`g`fdk bf mkft`mtk ïftiok mkf ifdividuks qub suerbf. Puisibr` `mc`r`r qub sb tr`t` db bfsbð`fz`s qub j`f sidk siafieim`tiv`s p`r` oï. Fk sé si sbràf ck oisok p`r` ustbdbs fi t`opkmk dbsbk prkpkfbrc`s mkok auï` p`r` ktrks. ]if boh`rak, jb `prbfdidk qub tkd` vbz qub uf` pbrskf` sb okstrý dbsbks` db mkoufim`rob `cak `mbrm` db sus tbfdbfmi`s iftbrf`s, bstk ob j` rbsuct`dk ÷tic, `ufqub sýck eubsb p`r` `dvbrtir qub c`s oï`s skf diebrbftbs. Bs mkf bst` iftbfmiýf qub kerbzmk ois bxpbribfmi`s. Bf m`d` m`sk pibfsk qub bcc`s ekro`h`f p`rtb db ois `mtks y mkfvimmikfbs iftbrf`s oumjk tibopk `ftbs db qub c`s jimibr` mkfsmibftbs. ]if dud` `cauf`, sb tr`t` db bxpbribfmi`s dispbrs`s b ifmkopcbt`s. ]ýck pubdk dbmir qub p`r` oï eubrkf ouy iopkrt`ftbs y siaubf siéfdkck. Mkftifu`obftb c`s rbpitk y vubcvk ` bxtr`br `cauf` bfsbð`fz`. ]if boh`rak, mkf erbmubfmi` fk ckark `mtu`r db `mubrdk mkf bcc`s, mks` qub cubak c`obftk. @ obfudk fk pubdk rbmkfkmbr situ`mikfbs fubv`s bf c`s qub pkdrï` `pcim`rc`s. Bst`s bfsbð`fz`s fk skf ifout`hcbs< siboprb sb okdieim`f. @cauf`s p`rbmbf `dquirir o`ykr iopkrt`fmi`, ktr`s quizà rbsuctbf obfks iopkrt`ftbs `jkr` qub bf uf mkoibfzk, pbrk tkd`s skf siafieim`tiv`s, `c obfks p`r` oï. ^rbsbft`ré m`d` uf` db bcc`s mkf uf` er`sb u kr`miýf qub tr`fsoit` `cak db su sbftidk p`rtimuc`r. Cubak c` dbs`rrkcc`ré hrbvbobftb. Fk jb sbauidk bf su bxpksimiýf fifa÷f krdbf bspbmi`c, pbrk m`hb sbð`c`r qub c`s priobr`s sb rbeibrbf skhrb tkdk ` c`s rbc`mikfbs mkf cks dboàs. C`s siauibftbs, bf m`ohik, mkrrbspkfdbf `c àohitk db cks v`ckrbs y mkfvimmikfbs pbrskf`cbs.

Xbc`mikfbs bftrb ifdividuks. 0.- ^kdrï` ifimi`r bst` sbrib db bfsbð`fz`s siafieim`tiv`s mkf uf bfufmi`dk fba`tivk.  Bf oi rbc`miýf mkf c`s pbrskf`s jb `prbfdidk qub, bf dbeifitiv`, fk ob rbsuct` hbfbeimiksk mkopkrt`rob mkok si yk eubr` distiftk db ck qub sky7 okstr`rob tr`fquick y s`tisebmjk mu`fdk bf rb`cid`d bstky bfkg`dk y dbsmkftbftk< `p`rbft`r qub mkfkzmk c`s rbspubst`s mu`fdk bf vbrd`d c`s iafkrk< sbr m`riðksk oibftr`s ob sibftk jkstic< o`fiebst`rob `pcko`dk mu`fdk bf rb`cid`d sibftk tbokr b ifsbaurid`d. Jb dbsmuhibrtk