EST GEST JUD TL 51

SJDB

:2

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck. Mkdpjtjlmab. Mkdpksamaýl y mklstatumaýl cjn Ourbck? Jstbtutk ouräcamk cj nks ourbcks9 su sjnjmmaýl. Nb fbsj cj alstrummaýl y nb fbsj altjrdjcab. Nb fbsj cj ouamak krbn? trâdatjs prjmjcjltjs? Cjsaelbmaýl cjn Dbeastrbck-Pkljltj9 mujstakljs prjvabs9 butk cj hjmhks oustamabgnjs9 mjnjgrbmaýl cjn ouamak krbn? Nb vastb9 suspjlsaýl cjn  ouamak krbn. Pksagnj casknumaýl cjn Ourbck? sus mbusbs. Jn vjrjcamtk? Cjtjrdalbmaýl cjn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk, cjnagjrbmaýl y vjrjcamtk9 alstrummaýl b nks ourbcks9 cjnagjrbmaýl y vktbmaýl9 bmtb. ]jltjlmab WJFJWJLMAB] NJEA]NBSAVB] Mklstatumaýl Jspbòknb, cj 75 cj camajdgrj cj 2158, muyb ÿntadb dkcafambmaýl sj hb prkcumack pkr Wjfkrdb cjn brtämunk 2=:, cj 75 cj sjptajdgrj cj 7022

Wjbn Cjmrjtk cj 23 cj sjptajdgrj cj 2887, pkr jn quj sj bprujgb nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn, muybs ÿntadbs dkcafambmakljs sj hbl prkcumack pkr Njy Kreâlamb 2=/702:, cj : cj kmtugrj, cj dkcafambmaýl cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn pbrb jn  fkrtbnjmad  fkrtb njmadajltk ajltk cj nbs ebrbl ebrbltäbs täbs prkm prkmjsbnj jsbnjss y nb rjeun rjeunbmaýl bmaýl cj nbs djcacbs cj alvjstaebmaýl tjmlknýeamb, y pkr Njy 32/702:, cj : cj kmtugrj, cj dkcafambmaýl cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn  pbrb nb beana beanazbma zbmaýl ýl cj nb oustam oustamab ab pjlbn y jn fkrtb fkrtbnjmad njmadajltk ajltk cj nbs  ebrbltäbs  ebrbl täbs prkmj prkmjsbnjs sbnjs Njy Kreâlamb :/211:, cj 77 cj dbyk, cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, muyb ÿntadb dkcafambmaýl sj hb prkcumack pkr Njy Kreâlamb 2/702:, cj =0 cj dbrzk, pkr nb quj sj dkcafamb nb Njy Kreâlamb 20/211:, cj 7= cj lkvajdgrj, cjn Mýcaek Pjlbn Njy Kreâlamb 6/218:, cj 2 cj ounak, cjn Pkcjr Oucamabn, muyb ÿntadb dkcafambmaýl sj hb prkcumack pkr Njy Kreâlamb 2=/702:, cj : cj kmtugrj, cj dkcafambmaýl cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn pbrb jn fkrtbnjmadajltk cj nbs ebrbltäbs prkmjsbnjs y nb rjeunbmaýl cj nbs djcacbs cj alvjstaebmaýl tjmlknýeamb

KGOJSAVK] Mklkmjr jl prkfulcacbc mýdk sj brtamunb jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

2.

JN PWKMJ]K BLSJ JN SWAGZLBN CJN OZWBCK. MKDPJSJLMAB. MKDPK]AMAÝL Q MKL]SASZMAÝL CJN OZWBCK? J]SBSZSK OZWÄCAMK CJ NK] OZWBCK]9 ]Z ]JNJMMAÝL

Nb Njy Kreâlamb :/211:, cj 77 cj dbyk, cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck (NKSO), cjsbrrknnb jn prjmjptk mkltjlack jl jn brt. 27: cj nb Mklstatumaýl quj prjvá quj nks maucbcblks pkcrâl pbrtamapbr jl nb Bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab djcabltj nb alstatumaýl cjn Ourbck, jl nb fkrdb y mkl rjspjmtk b bqujnnks prkmjsks pjlbnjs quj nb njy cjtjrdalj. Nks dajdgrks cjn Ourbck cjgjl jdatar ul vjrjcamtk, pjrk sjrâ jn Dbeastrbck- Prjsacjltj quajl camtj sjltjlmab, adpklajlck nb pjlb y djcacb cj sjeuracbc quj mkrrjspklcb. Jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck lk js ul ýreblk pjrdbljltj, salk quj sj mklstatuyj pbrb mbcb mbusb.

2.2 Mkdpjtjlmab kgojtavb Jn brt. 2 cj nb NKSO jstbgnjmj quj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck tajlj mkdpjtjlmab pbrb jn jlouamabdajltk cj nks cjnatks quj sj nj btraguyb pkr njy rjnbtavks b? -

Cjnatks mkltrb nbs pjrsklbs.

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Cjnatks mkdjtacks pkr nks fulmaklbraks pÿgnamks pÿgnamks jl jn jojrmamak cj sus mbreks.

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Cjnatks mkltrb jn hklkr.

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Cjnatks mkltrb nb nagjrtbc y nb sjeuracbc.

Jl jn brt. 2.7 NKSO sj jstbgnjmj quj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sjrâ mkdpjtjltj pbrb jn mklkmadajltk y fbnnk cj nbs mbusbs pkr nks cjnatks tapafambcks jl nks saeuajltjs prjmjptks cjn Mýcaek Pjlbn? -

Hkdamacak (brts. 2=8 b 230 MP).

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Bdjlbzbs (brt. 261.2 MP).

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Kdasaýl cjn cjn cjgjr cj skmkrrk (brts. 21: y 216 MP).

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Bnnblbdajltk cj dkrbcb (brts. (brts. 707 y 703 MP).

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Alfacjnacbc jl nb mustkcab cj ckmudjltks (brts. 32= b 32: MP). MP).

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Mkhjmhk (brts. 321 b 376 MP).

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Srâfamk cj alfnujlmabs (brts. 378 b 3=0 MP).

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Dbnvjrsbmaýl cj mbucbnjs mbucbnjs pÿgnamks (brts. 3=7 b 3=3 MP).

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Frbucjs y jxbmmakljs jxbmmakljs anjebnjs anjebnjs (brts. 3=6 b 3=8 MP). MP).

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Ljekmabmakljs prkhagacbs b fulmaklbraks (brts. 3=1 y 330 MP).

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Alfacjnacbc jl nb mustkcab mustkcab cj prjsks (brt. 352 MP). MP).

Jn ouamak cjn Ourbck sj mjnjgrbrâ sknk jl jn âdgatk cj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn y, jl su mbsk, cj nks Sragulbnjs quj mkrrjspklcbl pkr rbzýl cjn bfkrbdajltk cjn bmusbck. Jl tkck mbsk qujcbl jxmnuacks cj nb mkdpjtjlmab cjn Ourbck, nks cjnatks muyk jlouamabdajltk vjleb btraguack b nb Bucajlmab Lbmaklbn. Nb cjtjrdalbmaýl cj nb mkdpjtjlmab cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sj hbrâ btjlcajlck bn prjsultk hjmhk cjnamtavk, mubnquajrb quj sjb nb pbrtamapbmaýl k jn erbck cj jojmumaýl btraguack bn bmusbck, sbnvk jl nks cjnatks mkltrb nbs pjrsklbs, quj jxaejl jn erbck cj mklsudbmaýl. Nb mkdpjtjlmab cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sj jxtjlcjrâ bn jlouamabdajltk cj nks cjnatks mkljxks, sajdprj quj nb mkljxaýl tjleb su kraejl jl bneulk cj nks saeuajltjs supujstks? b) Ruj cks k dâs pjrsklbs pjrsklbs rjulacbs mkdjtbl saduntâljbdjltj nks castaltks cjnatks.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

711

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

 g) Ruj cks k dâs pjrsklbs mkdjtbl dâs cj ul cjnatk jl castaltks nuebrjs k tajdpks, sa hugajrj prjmjcack mklmajrtk pbrb jnnk. m) Ruj bneulk cj nks cjnatks cjnatks sj hbyb mkdjtack pbrb pjrpjtrbr pjrpjtrbr ktrks, fbmanatbr su jojmumaýl jojmumaýl k prkmurbr su adpulacbc. ]al jdgbrek, lk pkcrâ jlouamabrsj pkr mkljxaýl jn cjnatk cj prjvbrambmaýl y nks mkljxks muyk jlouamabdajltk pujcb rjbnazbrsj pkr sjpbrbck sal quj sj rkdpb nb mkltaljlmab cj nb mbusb. Mublck ul sknk hjmhk pujcb mklstatuar cks k dâs cjnatks sjrâ mkdpjtjltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck pbrb su jlouamabdajltk sa bneulk cj jnnks fujrb cj nks btraguacks b su mklkmadajltk. Bsadasdk, mublck cavjrsbs bmmakljs y kdasakljs mklstatuybl ul cjnatk mkltalubck sjrâ mkdpjtjltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sa jstj fujrj cj nks btraguacks b su mklkmadajltk. Nb mkdpjtjlmab tjrratkrabn cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sj boustbrâ b nbs lkrdbs ejljrbnjs.

2.7 Mkdpksamaýl cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck Jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sj mkdpklj cj lujvj ourbcks y ul Dbeastrbck altjerbltj cj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn, quj nk prjsacarâ. ]a, pkr rbzýl cjn bfkrbdajltk cjn bmusbck, jn ouamak cj Ourbck cjgj mjnjgrbrsj jl jn âdgatk cjn Sragulbn ]uprjdk k cj ul Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck sjrâ ul Dbeastrbck cj nb ]bnb cj nk Pjlbn cjn Sragulbn ]uprjdk k cj nb ]bnb cj nk Mavan y Pjlbn cjn Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab, rjspjmtavbdjltj. Bn ouamak cjn Ourbck bsastarâl, bcjdâs, cks ourbcks supnjltjs. Nb fulmaýl cjn Ourbck sj mklmagj mkdk ul cjrjmhk, pjrk b nb vjz js ul cjgjr, cjgjr quj sj mklsacjrb cj mudpnadajltk aljxmusbgnj, cj mbrâmtjr pÿgnamk y pjrsklbn, sajlck camhk mbrek rjtraguack.

2.= Wjquasatks pbrb sjr Ourbck Jn brt. 8 cj nb NKSO sjòbnb nks rjquasatks pbrb sjr ourbck, quj skl nks saeuajltjs? b) ]jr jspbòkn jspbòkn dbykr cj jcbc.  g) Jlmkltrbrsj jl jn pnjlk jojrmamak jojrmamak cj sus cjrjmhks pknätamks. m) ]bgjr njjr y jsmragar. c) ]jr vjmalk, bn tajdpk cj nb cjsaelbmaýl, cj mubnquajrb cj nks dulamapaks cj nb prkvalmab jl quj jn cjnatk sj hugajrb mkdjtack. j) Lk jstbr adpjcack fäsamb, psäquamb psäquamb k sjlskrabndjltj pbrb jn cjsjdpjòk cjsjdpjòk cj nb fulmaýl cj Ourbck. Pkr su pbrtj, jn brt. 1 cj nb NKSO alcamb quj jstâl almbpbmatbcks pbrb sjr ourbck? b) Nks mklcjlbcks pkr cjnatk cknksk, quj lk hbybl kgtjlack nb rjhbganatbmaýl.  g) Nks prkmjsbcks y bqujnnks bmusbcks rjspjmtk cj nks mubnjs sj hugajrb bmkrcbck nb bpjrturb cjn  ouamak krbn y quajljs jstuvajrjl sufrajlck cjtjlmaýl, prasaýl prkvasaklbn k mudpnajlck pjlb pkr cjnatk. m) Nks suspjlcacks jl ul prkmjcadajltk pjlbn, jl su jdpnjk k mbrek pÿgnamk, dajltrbs curj camhb suspjlsaýl. Jn brt. 20 NKSO jstbgnjmj ulb sjraj cj almkdpbtaganacbcjs pkr rbzkljs cj lbturbnjzb pknätamb k prkfjsaklbn, jxmnuyjlck b cjtjrdalbcbs pjrsklbs mkdk jn Wjy y cjdâs dajdgrks cj nb Fbdanab Wjbn Jspbòknb, nbs dâs bntbs butkracbcjs pknätambs, dajdgrks jl bmtavk cj nb Mbrrjrb Oucamabn y Fasmbn, cj nks Mujrpks

=00

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

cj Njtrbcks cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab, Dácamks Fkrjlsjs, Kfamabnjs, Buxanabrjs y Bejltjs y cjdâs pjrsklbn bn sjrvamak cj nb Bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab, dajdgrks cjn Mujrpk Ouräcamk Danatbr cj nb Cjfjlsb y Buxanabrjs cj nb Ourascammaýl y Fasmbnäb Danatbr jl bmtavk, fulmaklbraks cj Alstatumakljs Pjlatjlmabrabs, dajdgrks jl bmtavk cj nbs Fujrzbs y Mujrpks cj ]jeuracbc, bgkebcks y prkmurbckrjs jl jojrmamak, jtm.

Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

Jn brt. 22 NKSO jstbgnjmj, bcjdâs, ulb sjraj cj prkhagamakljs, y bsä lk pujcjl sjr Ourbck nbs prkpabs pbrtjs cjn prkmjsk, la nks tjstaeks, pjratks, fabckrjs k altárprjtjs quj altjrvjlebl jl nb mbusb, la nks quj tjlebl altjrás, carjmtk k alcarjmtk, jl nb dasdb. Jl jn brt. 27 NKSO sj jludjrbl nbs jxmusbs pbrb bmtubr mkdk  ourbck? b) ]jr dbykr cj 6: bòks.  g) Hbgjr cjsjdpjòb cjsjdpjòbck ck fulmakljs cj Ourbck cjltrk cj nks 3 bòks prjmjcjltjs bn cäb cj nb lujvb cjsaelbmaýl. m) ]ufrar erbvj trbstkrlk pkr rbzýl cj nbs mbrebs fbdanabrjs. fbdanabrjs. c) Cjsjdpjòbr trbgbok cj rjnjvbltj rjnjvbltj altjrás ejljrbn, muyb sustatumaýl kraealbräb adpkrtbltjs pjrouamaks bn dasdk. j) Sjljr nb rjsacjlmab jl jl jn jxtrblojrk. f) ]jr danatbr prkfjsaklbn jl bmtavk mublck mklmurrbl rbzkljs cj sjrvamak. e) Bnjebr y bmrjcatbr sufamajltjdjltj sufamajltjdjltj mubnquajr mubnquajr ktrb mbusb quj cafamuntj erbvjdjltj jn cjsjdpjòk cj nb fulmaýl cj Ourbck.

2.3 Cjsaelbmaýl cjn Ourbck B. Fkrdbmaýl cj nbs nastbs nastbs cj mblcacbtks mblcacbtks (brts. 2= b 26 NKSO) Nbs Cjnjebmakljs Prkvalmabnjs cj nb Kfamalb cjn Mjlsk Jnjmtkrbn jfjmtubrâl ul skrtjk pkr mbcb prkvalmab cjltrk cj nks 2: ÿntadks cäbs cjn djs cj sjptajdgrj cj nks bòks pbrjs, b fal cj jstbgnjmjr nb nastb gajlbn cj mblcacbtks b ourbcks. Nb nastb sj fkrdb, pujs, mkl nbs pjrsklbs almnuacbs jl jn mjlsk jnjmtkrbn quj rjsuntjl cjsaelbcbs jl jn skrtjk mjnjgrbck jl sjsaýl pÿgnamb. Cjltrk cj nks 5 cäbs saeuajltjs b nb mjnjgrbmaýl cjn skrtjk, mubnquajr maucbcblk pkcrâ fkrdunbr, bltj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn, rjmnbdbmaýl mkltrb jn bmtk cj skrtjk. Nb Bucajlmab, mklstatuacb pkr jn Prjsacjltj y jn Dbeastrbck dâs bltaeuk y dâs dkcjrlk cj nks cjstalbcks jl jn Sragulbn, y bmtublck mkdk Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab jn cjn Sragulbn k, jl su mbsk, jn cj nb ]jmmaýl Pradjrb, prkmjcjrâ b jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=02

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

rjmbgbr alfkrdj cjn Cjnjebck Prkvalmabn cj nb Kfamalb cjn Mjlsk Jnjmtkrbn y prbmtambr nbs canaejlmabs quj jstadj pjrtaljltjs. Bltjs cjn 2: cj kmtugrj, rjsknvjrâ pkr rjsknumaýl dktavbcb lk susmjptagnj cj rjmursk, mkdulamblck nk cjmacack b nb Cjnjebmaýl Prkvalmabn cj nb Kfamalb cjn Mjlsk Jnjmtkrbn pbrb quj, sa bsä sj rjsujnvj, rjatjrj jn skrtjk. Nb Cjnjebmaýl Prkvalmabn cj nb Kfamalb cjn Mjlsk Jnjmtkrbn jlvabrâ nb nastb cj nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks b nb rjspjmtavb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn quajl nb rjdatarâ b nks Byultbdajltks y bn Gknjtäl Kfamabn cj nb prkvalmab mkrrjspklcajltj, pbrb su cjgacb jxpksamaýl k pugnambmaýl, rjspjmtavbdjltj, curbltj nks 2: ÿntadks cäbs cjn matbck djs cj kmtugrj. Aeubndjltj, jl camhk pnbzk, sj prkmjcjrâ pkr jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab cj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn, djcabltj kfamak rjdatack pkr mkrrjk, b lktafambr b mbcb mblcacbtk b ourbck su almnusaýl jl nb rjfjracb nastb, bn tajdpk quj sj nj hbrâ jltrjeb cj nb pjrtaljltj ckmudjltbmaýl jl nb quj sj alcambrâl nbs mbusbs cj almbpbmacbc, almkdpbtaganacbc y jxmusb, y jn prkmjcadajltk pbrb su bnjebmaýl.

Btjlmaýl Nks almnuacks jl nb nastb cj mblcacbtks b ourbcks pkcrâl sjr mklvkmbcks b fkrdbr pbrtj cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck curbltj 7 bòks b mkltbr cjn ulk cj jljrk saeuajltj. B tbn jfjmtk, tjlcrâl nb kgnaebmaýl cj mkdulambr b nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn mubnquajr mbdgak cj ckdamanak k marmulstblmab quj alfnuyb jl nks rjquasatks, jl su mbpbmacbc k cjtjrdalj almkdpbtaganacbc almkdpbtagan acbc pbrb altjrvjlar mkdk ourbck.

Nb bnjebmaýl cj jstbs mbusbs sj nnjvb b mbgk jl jn pnbzk cj nks 2: pradjrks cäbs cjn djs cj lkvajdgrj bltj jn Oujz Cjmblk cjn pbrtack oucamabn cj su ckdamanak quj rjsknvjrâ nk quj jstadj kpkrtulk. Zntadbcb nb nastb cjfalatavb pkr mbcb prkvalmab, nb Cjnjebmaýl Prkvalmabn cj nb Kfamalb cjn Mjlsk Jnjmtkrbn nb jlvabrâ bn Prjsacjltj cj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn rjspjmtavb, quajl rjdatarâ mkpab bn Prjsacjltj cjn Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab mkrrjspklcajltj y bn Prjsacjltj cj nb ]bnb cj nk Pjlbn cjn Sragulbn ]uprjdk. Bsadasdk, rjdatarâ mkpab b nks Byultbdajltks cj nb rjspjmtavb prkvalmab pbrb su jxpksamaýl curbltj nks 7 bòks cj vaejlmab cj nb matbcb nastb.

G. ]jnjmmaýl cjn Ourbck (brts. 28 b 7= NKSO) Mkl bltamapbmaýl cj bn djlks =0 cäbs bn cäb sjòbnbck pbrb nb pradjrb vastb cj ouamak krbn, hbgajlck matbck b nbs pbrtjs, jn Dbeastrbck quj, mklfkrdj b nbs lkrdbs cj rjpbrtk, hbyb cj prjsacar jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, caspklcrâ quj jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab, jl bucajlmab pÿgnamb, rjbnamj jn skrtjk, cj jltrj nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks cj nb nastb cj nb prkvalmab mkrrjspklcajltj, cj =6 mblcacbtks b ourbcks pkr mbcb mbusb sjòbnbcb jl jn pjräkck cj sjsakljs saeuajltj. Jn skrtjk lk sj suspjlcjrâ pkr nb albsastjlmab cj mubnquajrb cj camhbs rjprjsjltbmakljs. Jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab cjn Sragulbn krcjlbrâ nk ljmjsbrak pbrb nb lktafambmaýl b nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks cj su cjsaelbmaýl y pbrb nb matbmaýl b fal cj quj mkdpbrjzmbl jn cäb sjòbnbck pbrb nb vastb cjn ouamak krbn jl jn nuebr jl quj sj hbyb cj mjnjgrbr.

=07

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

Nb mácunb cj matbmaýl mkltjlcrâ ul mujstaklbrak, jl jn quj sj jspjmafambrâl nbs jvjltubnjs fbntbs cj rjquasatks, mbusbs cj almbpbmacbc, almkdpbtaganacbc k prkhagamaýl quj nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks vajljl kgnaebcks b dblafjstbr bsä mkdk nks supujstks cj jxmusb quj pkr bqujnnks pujcbl bnjebrsj. B nb mácunb sj bmkdpbòbrâ nb ljmjsbrab alfkrdbmaýl pbrb nks cjsaelbcks bmjrmb cj nb fulmaýl mklstatumaklbn quj jstâl nnbdbcks b mudpnar, nks cjrjmhks y cjgjrjs alhjrjltjs b jstb y nb rjtragumaýl quj njs mkrrjspklcb. Cjltrk cj nks : cäbs saeuajltjs b nb rjmjpmaýl cjn mujstaklbrak, nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks cjsaelbcks nk cjvknvjrâl, cjgacbdjltj mudpnadjltbck y bmkdpbòbck cj nbs oustafambmakljs ckmudjltbnjs quj jstadjl kpkrtulbs, bn Dbeastrbck quj hbyb cj prjsacar jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck. Jn Dalastjrak Fasmbn y nbs cjdâs pbrtjs, b quajljs sj hb cjgack jltrjebr prjvabdjltj jn mujstaklbrak mudpnadjltbck pkr nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks, pkcrâl fkrdunbr rjmusbmaýl, cjltrk cj nks malmk cäbs saeuajltjs bn cj camhb jltrjeb, pkr mklmurrar fbntb cj rjquasatks k mubnquajrb cj nbs mbusbs cj almbpbmacbc, almkdpbtaganacbc k prkhagamaýl prjvastbs jl nb Njy :/211:. Sbdgaál prkpklcrâl nb prujgb cj quj altjltjl vbnjrsj. Mubnquajr mbusb cj rjmusbmaýl cj nb quj sj tjleb mklkmadajltk jl jsj tajdpk, quj lk sjb fkrdunbcb, lk pkcrâ bnjebrsj pkstjrakrdjltj. Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj sjòbnbrâ cäb pbrb nb vastb cj nb jxmusb, bcvjrtjlmab k rjmusbmaýl prjsjltbcb, matblck b nbs pbrtjs y b quajljs hbybl jxprjsbck bcvjrtjlmab k jxmusb. Prbmtambcbs jl jn bmtk nbs canaejlmabs prkpujstbs, rjsknvjrâ cjltrk cj nks = cäbs saeuajltjs. ]a, mkdk mklsjmujlmab cj nb rjsknumaýl bltjrakr, nb nastb cj mblcacbtks b ourbcks cjsaelbcks pbrb ulb mbusb qujcbsj rjcumacb b djlks cj 70, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj caspklcrâ quj jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab prkmjcb bn aldjcabtk skrtjk, jl aeubn fkrdb quj jn alamabn, cj nks mblcacbtks b  ourbcks ljmjsbraks pbrb mkdpnjtbr camhk lÿdjrk, jltrj nks cj nb nastb gajlbn cj nb prkvalmab mkrrjspklcajltj, prjvab mklvkmbtkrab cj nbs pbrtjs, matblck b nks cjsaelbcks pbrb jn cäb cjn ouamak krbn.

7.

NB FB]J CJ AL]SWZMMAÝL Q NB FB]J ALSJWDJCAB

7.2 Altrkcummaýl Nb NKSO casjòb ul prkmjsk jl jn quj jn Ourbck pkpunbr altjrvajlj ÿlambdjltj jl nb fbsj cj jlouamabdajltk pbrb jdatar ul vjrjcamtk cj munpbganacbc k lk munpbganacbc cjn bmusbck b nb vastb cj nk bmtubck jl jn ouamak krbn. ]j rjlulmab, pkr tbltk, bn jstbgnjmadajltk cj ul Ourbck cj bmusbmaýl. Jstj pnbltjbdajltk lk rjmnbdb ulb jspjmabn rjeunbmaýl cj nb fbsj cj alstrummaýl cjn prkmjsk pjlbn pbrb jn ouamak mkl Ourbck. ]a jn Ourbck sj mklstatuyj jn dasdk cäb jl quj mkdajlzbl nbs sjsakljs cjn ouamak krbn (mfr. brt. =8 NKSO), jn prkmjsk pjlbn mkl Ourbck sknk rjquajrj ulb rjeunbmaýl jspjmabn cj nb fbsj prkmjsbn jl nb quj bqujn mkdajlzb b bmtubr, js cjmar, nb cj pnjlbrak k ouamak krbn. Nb NKSO, sal jdgbrek, almkrpkrb ul mkloultk cj lkrdbs rjnbtavbs b nb alstrummaýl cjn prkmjsk jl muyb vartuc nbs bmtubmakljs prkmjsbnjs prjvabs b nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn sj mklfaeurbl, jl nks prkmjsks bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, cj dbljrb sustblmabndjltj sustblmabndj ltj cafjrjltj b nbs fbsjs prkmjsbnjs mkrrjspklcajltjs mkrrjspklcajltjs cj nks prkmjsks krcalbraks cj nb NJMra. Sjljdks bsä quj nb kpmaýl quj bmkej nb njy skgrj jn sastjdb pbrb bckptbr nb c jmasaýl quj rjdatj b ouamak krbn, sj prkyjmtb skgrj nb fbsj cjn prkmjcadajltk quj nj prjmjcj (alstrummaýl)? b) Pkr nb ebrbltäb cj adpbrmabnacbc cjn ýreblk ourascammaklbn quj sj rjfujrzb jspjmabndjltj. Bsä cjgjrâ vbnkrbrsj nb sufamajlmab y bÿl jn áxatk cj nb alvjstaebmaýl, pjrk btjlcajlck, b nb vjz, b prjtjlsakljs y rjsastjlmabs mkltrbpujstbs k cj saelk mkltrbrak, fkrdunbcbs nbs ulbs pkr nb bmusbmaýl, nbs ktrbs pkr nb cjfjlsb. ]j vbnkrbrâ, bsadasdk, nb prkgbganacbc cj vjrbmacbc cj ulbs bfardbmakljs hastýrambs y bul cj nb trblsmjlcjlmab jl mubltk b nb mbnafambmaýl ouräcamb.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=0=

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

Jn dkcjnk quj sj bckptb jxaej, pkr jnjdjltbn jnjdjltbn mkhjrjlmab, pjrdatar, tbl prkltk mkdk mklstj nb adputbadputbmaýl cj ul hjmhk oustamabgnj cjtjrdalbck b pjrsklb mklmrjtb, nb rjugambmaýl cjn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl quj nujek hbgrâ cj rjsknvjr skgrj nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn, jl ulb rjfkrzbcb pksamaýl cj adpbrmabnacbc, mkl nb fulmaýl cj mkltrknbr nb adputbmaýl cjn cjnatk djcabltj nb prjvab vbnkrbmaýl cj su vjrksadanatuc y mkl nb fbmuntbc cj alvjstaebr cj fkrdb mkdpnjdjltbrab skgrj nks hjmhks bfardbcks pkr nbs pbrtjs. Nk quj js aljnucagnj js quj ulb jxmjsavb tjlcjlmab hbmab pjsquasbs ejljrbnjs, albmbgbgnjs jl jn tajdpk, lk mkltraguyb bn frbmbsk cj nb vabganacbc cjn jlouamabdajltk pkr Ourbck. Cj ktrb pbrtj, dbn pujcj bcdatarsj jn rjprkmhj rjprkmhj cj quj jn sastjdb quj bmkej nb njy cjobsj sal djmblasdk cj jfjmtavacbc jn pralmapak cj kgnaebtkrajcbc cj nb bmmaýl pjlbn. Cjoblck b ul nbck nk quj hby cj bmusbmaýl alcasmradalbcb skgrj ulb pksagnj bmtatuc cj alhagamaýl cjn Dalastjrak Fasmbn, tbn rjprkmhj knvacb quj pbrb alamabrsj jstj prkmjcadajltk tajlj quj hbgjr prjmjcack cjlulmab k qujrjnnb cj bneuajl quj, cj lk sjr jn Dalastjrak Fasmbn, gajl pujcj, cbcb nb bfkrtulbcb prjvasaýl mklstatumaklbn cj nb bmmaýl pkpunbr, supnar nb fbntb cj alstblmab cjn bmusbckr pÿgnamk. Q b tbn fal tajlcj nb mklvkmbtkrab b nb bmmaýl pÿgnamb quj jn Oujz casmrjpbltj pujcj hbmjr bn dkck prjvastk pbrb nb fbsj altjrdjcab jl lujstrb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn cjltrk cjn prkmjcadajltk krcalbrak. ]j knvacb mublck sj rjprkmhb nb hbganatbmaýl cjn Oujz alstrumtkr alstrumtkr jl nb cjtjrdalbmaýl cjtjrdalbmaýl cjn hjmhk y pjrsklb b alvjstaebr, quj ktrk tbltk kmurrj jl jn bmtubn sastjdb cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn, jl nb quj, jl cjfalatavb, sknk sjrâ kgojtk y suojtk pbsavk jl jn ouamak krbn mubltk vjleb cjtjrdalbck prjvabdjltj pkr nb bmusbmaýl. Nb njy saeuj jl jstj pultk acáltamk pralmapak bn bmkeack pkr nb vaejltj njeasnbmaýl prkmjsbn.  g) Pkr nb jxaejlmab cj adputbmaýl adputbmaýl oucamabn prjvab b tkcb bmusbmaýl, yb quj nb cjmasaýl skgrj nb bpjrturb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn jxaej mkdk prjsupujstk quj sj hbyb fkrdbnazbck tbn jxaejlmab. Qb cjlulmabgb jn Sragulbn Mklstatumaklbn mýdk curbltj mbsa ul saenk jn sastjdb prkmjsbn pjrdatäb, jltrj lksktrks, quj jn Oujz Alstrumtkr alquarajsj sal mkdulambr nk quj gusmbgb j altjrrkebsj b ul skspjmhksk sal hbmjrnj sbgjr cj quá y pkr quá skspjmhbgb cj án, sal hbmjr pksagnj su butkcjfjlsb y sal prkvjjrnj cj bsastjlmab cj njtrbck. Nb Mklstatumaýl cj 2158 y nb rjfkrdb cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn pkr Njy :=/2158 kgnaebrkl b ul sjsek mrumabn. Jn Sragulbn Mklstatumaklbn rjmklkmaý nb lujvb mbtjekräb cj adputbck b tkcb pjrsklb b quajl sj btraguyb, dâs k djlks fulcbcbdjltj, ul bmtk pulagnj. Nb prjsjltbmaýl cj cjlulmab k qujrjnnb k nb jxastjlmab cj ulb bmtubmaýl prkmjsbn jl mursk cj nb quj cjravj nb btragumaýl cj ul hjmhk cjnamtavk b pjrsklb cjtjrdalbcb, hb cj sjr kgojtk cj ulb adprjsmalcagnj vbnkrbmaýl marmulstblmabcb pkr jn Oujz pbrb cjmacar skgrj jn sjeuadajltk cj mbusb pjlbn. Sbn cjmasaýl lk pkcrâ cjdkrbrsj brgatrbrabdjltj, cjgajlck sblmaklbrsj, mklfkrdj b bqujnnb ckmtralb, mkdk lunbs j anämatbs nbs alvjstaebmakljs vjrafambcbs sal jsb prjvab mkdulambmaýl, mublck mkrrjspklcajrb. Nb rjnbmaýl cj nb rjfjracb ckmtralb mkl nb quj prkdujvj jn cjgbtj jl mklcamakljs cj aeubncbc y mkl nb quj jxaej quj quajl vb b rjbnazbr fulmakljs cj jlouamabdajltk lk fkrdunj bmusbmakljs, hbl cjtjrdalbck quj nb njy sj cjmbltj pkr ulb alstrummaýl quj, cjscj jn dkdjltk jl quj jn hjmhk oustamabgnj y nb pjrsklb sjbl cjtjrdalbcbs y mkrrjspklcb jstj prkmjcadajltk, kgnaeb b? b) quj bneuajl bojlk bn Oujz fkrdunj ulb adputbmaýl, prjmasbdjltj prjmasbdjltj bltjs cj alamabr nb alvjstaebmaýl,  g) quj nb prksjmumaýl prksjmumaýl cj jstb jxaob ulb vbnkrbmaýl pkr ul ýreblk ourascammaklbn prjmjcacb prjmjcacb cj nb kpkrtulacbc cj cjgbtj jltrj nbs pbrtjs, m) quj curbltj nb alvjstaebmaýl alvjstaebmaýl quj jn Oujz Oujz jstadj rbzklbgnj sjeuar, jstj dbltjleb ulb pksamaýl cafjcafjrjlmabcb cj nb cj nbs pbrtjs, y c) quj sjb jstj Oujz, bsä prjsjrvbck jl ulb majrtb adpbrmabnacbc, jn quj mkltrknj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nb bpjrturb k lk cjn ouamak krbn, cj dbljrb pksatavb y lk sknk ljebtavb, mkl prjmasaýl cjn kgojtk cjn  ouamak y cjmasaýl cj nb alfkrdbmaýl ljmjsbrab b rjdatar bn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck quj, sal jdgbrek,

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jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

adpacb nb caspksamaýl cjn dbtjrabn sudbrabn quj pkcräb nadatbr nb jfjmtavb almacjlmab cj nks pralmapaks cj krbnacbc, aldjcabmaýl y mjnjracbc ljmjsbraks jl camhk jlouamabdajltk. Mublck cj nks tárdalks cj nb cjlulmab k cj nb rjnbmaýl marmulstblmabcb cjn hjmhk jl nb qujrjnnb, y tbl prkltk mkdk cj mubnquajr bmtubmaýl prkmjsbn, rjsuntj mkltrb pjrsklb k pjrsklbs cjtjrdalbcbs nb adputbmaýl cj ul cjnatk, muyk jlouamabdajltk vjleb btraguack bn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, prjvab vbnkrbmaýl cj su vjrksadanatuc, prkmjcjrâ jn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl b camtbr rjsknumaýl cj almkbmaýl cjn prkmjcadajltk pbrb jn ouamak bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, prbmtamblck, jl tkck mbsk, bqujnnbs bmtubmakljs albpnbzbgnjs b quj hugajrj nuebr. Nb bpnambmaýl cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn sjrâ supnjtkrab jl nk quj lk sj kpkleb b nks prjmjptks cj nb NKSO.

7.7 Lkrdbs pbrtamunbrjs rjnbtavbs b nb alstrummaýl y b nb fbsj altjrdjcab jl jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck B. Srbsnbck cj nb adputbmaýl adputbmaýl y mkdpbrjmjlmab mkdpbrjmjlmab alamabn alamabn (brts. 7: y 76 NKSO) Almkbck jn prkmjcadajltk pkr cjnatk muyk jlouamabdajltk vjleb btraguack bn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, jn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl nk pklcrâ aldjcabtbdjltj jl mklkmadajltk cj nks adputbcks. Mkl kgojtk cj mklmrjtbr nb adputbmaýl, njs mklvkmbrâ jl jn pnbzk cj : cäbs b ulb mkdpbrjmjlmab bsä mkdk bn Dalastjrak Fasmbn y cjdâs pbrtjs pjrsklbcbs. Bn tajdpk cj nb matbmaýl, cbrâ trbsnbck b nks adputbcks cj nb cjlulmab k qujrjnnb bcdatacb b trâdatj, sa lk sj hugajsj jfjmtubck mkl bltjrakracbc. Jn adputbck jstbrâ ljmjsbrabdjltj bsastack cj njtrbck cj su jnjmmaýl k, mbsk cj lk cjsaelbrnk, cj njtrbck cj kfamak. ]a skl mklkmacks nks kfjlcacks k nks pjroucambcks pkr jn cjnatk lk pjrsklbcks, sj njs matbrâ pbrb sjr käcks jl nb mkdpbrjmjlmab prjvastb bltjrakrdjltj y, bn tajdpk cj nb matbmaýl, sj njs alstruarâ pkr djcak cj jsmratk, cj nks cjrjmhks b quj hbmjl rjfjrjlmab nks brtämunks 201 y 220 cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn, sa tbn canaejlmab lk sj jfjmtuý mkl bltjrakracbc. Jspjmabndjltj sj njs alcambrâ jn cjrjmhk b fkrdunbr bnjebmakljs y sknamatbr nk quj jstadjl kpkrtulk sa sj pjrsklbl jl njebn fkrdb jl camhk bmtk y b sknamatbr jn cjrjmhk cj bsastjlmab ouräcamb erbtuatb. Jl nb matbcb mkdpbrjmjlmab, jn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl mkdjlzbrâ pkr kär bn Dalastjrak Fasmbn y, sumjsavbdjltj, b nks bmusbckrjs pjrsklbcks, quajljs mklmrjtbrâl nb adputbmaýl. ]jeuacbdjltj, karâ bn njtrbck cjn adputbck, quajl dblafjstbrâ nk quj jstadj kpkrtulk jl su cjfjlsb y pkcrâ alstbr jn skgrjsjadajltk, sa hugajrj mbusb pbrb jnnk, mklfkrdj b nk caspujstk jl nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn. Jl sus altjrvjlmakljs, nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl sknamatbr nbs canaejlmabs cj alvjstaebmaýl quj jstadjl kpkrtulbs. Käcbs nbs pbrtjs, jn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl cjmacarâ nb mkltalubmaýl cjn prkmjcadajltk, k jn skgrjsjadajltk, sa hugajrb mbusb pbrb jnnk, mklfkrdj b nk caspujstk jl nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn. Jn butk pkr jn quj bmujrcj jn skgrjsjadajltk sjrâ bpjnbgnj bltj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn.

G. Canaejlmabs cj alvjstaebmaýl alvjstaebmaýl (brt. 75 NKSO) ]a jn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl bmkrcbsj nb mkltalubmaýl cjn prkmjcadajltk, rjsknvjrâ skgrj nb pjrtaljlmab cj nbs canaejlmabs sknamatbcbs pkr nbs pbrtjs, krcjlblck prbmtambr k prbmtamblck pkr sä sknbdjltj nbs quj mklsacjrj adprjsmalcagnjs pbrb cjmacar skgrj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn y lk pucajsjl prbmtambrsj carjmtbdjltj jl nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr. Sbdgaál pkcrâl, nbs pbrtjs, sknamatbr lujvbs canaejlmabs cjltrk cj nks malmk cäbs saeuajltjs bn cj nb mkdpbrjmjlmab k bn cj bqujn jl quj sj prbmtambsj nb ÿntadb cj nbs krcjlbcbs. Jstb marmulstblmab sjrâ lktafambcb b nbs pbrtjs bn kgojtk cj quj pujcbl alstbr nk quj b su cjrjmhk mklvjleb. Bcjdâs pkcrâ jn Oujz krcjlbr, mkdk mkdpnjdjltk cj nbs sknamatbcbs pkr nbs pbrtjs, nbs canaejlmabs quj jstadj ljmjsbrabs, nadatbcbs b nb mkdprkgbmaýl cjn hjmhk oustamabgnj y rjspjmtk cj nbs pjrsklbs kgojtk cj adputbmaýl pkr nbs pbrtjs bmusbckrbs. jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=0:

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

]a jn Oujz mklsacjrbsj adprkmjcjltjs nbs sknamatbcbs y lk krcjlbsj laleulb cj kfamak, mklfjrarâ lujvk trbsnbck b nbs pbrtjs b fal cj quj alstjl, jl jn pnbzk cj malmk cäbs, nk quj jstadjl kpkrtulk rjspjmtk b nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn, fkrdunblck jsmratk cj mklmnusakljs prkvasaklbnjs. Nk dasdk dblcbrâ jn  Oujz mublck jstadj alljmjsbrab nb prâmtamb cj dâs canaejlmabs, bul mublck lk hbyb falbnazbck nb prâmtamb cj nbs yb krcjlbcbs.

M. Jsmratks cj sknamatuc sknamatuc cj ouamak krbn y mbnafambmaýl (brt. 71 NKSO) Jn jsmratk sknamatblck nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn tjlcrâ jn mkltjlack b quj sj rjfajrj jn brtämunk 6:0 cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn. Cj camhk jsmratk sj cbrâ trbsnbck b nb rjprjsjltbmaýl cjn bmusbck, quajl fkrdunbrâ jsmratk jl nks tárdalks cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn. Jl sus rjspjmtavks jsmratks, nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl prkpkljr canaejlmabs mkdpnjdjltbrabs pbrb su prâmtamb jl nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr, sal quj pujcbl sjr rjatjrbcbs nbs quj hbybl sack yb prbmtambcbs mkl bltjrakracbc. Nbs pbrtjs, mublck jltajlcbl quj tkcks nks hjmhks cjnamtavks kgojtk cj bmusbmaýl lk skl cj nks quj tajljl btraguack su jlouamabdajltk bn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, alstbrâl jl sus rjspjmtavks jsmratks cj sknamatuc cj ouamak krbn nb pjrtaljltj bcjmubmaýl cjn prkmjcadajltk. ]a jstadbl quj nb fbntb cj mkdpjtjlmab kmurrj sknk rjspjmtk cj bneulk cj nks cjnatks kgojtk cj nb bmusbmaýl, nb sknamatuc sj nadatbrâ b nb mkrrjspklcajltj cjcummaýl cj tjstadklak sufamajltj, jl rjnbmaýl mkl jn quj cjgb jxmnuarsj cjn prkmjcadajltk sjeuack pbrb bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, y b nb rjdasaýl bn ýreblk  ourascammaklbn mkdpjtjltj mkd pjtjltj pbrb jn sjeuadajltk s jeuadajltk cj nb mbusb quj mkrrjspklcb.

C. Bucajlmab prjnadalbr (brts. =0 b =: NKSO) NKSO)

Wjmujrcj

b. Mklvkmbtkrab

Nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr pkcrâ sjr rjlulmabcb pkr nb cjfjlsb cj nks bmusbcks, bquajtâlcksj mkl nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn, jl muyk mbsk, jn Oujz cjmrjtbrâ jstb, sal dâs. Pbrb quj camhb rjlulmab surtb jfjmtk hb cj sjr sknamatbcb pkr nb cjfjlsb cj tkcks nks bmusbcks.

Zlb vjz prjsjltbck jn jsmratk cj mbnafambmaýl cj nb cjfjlsb, jn  Oujz sjòbnbrâ jn cäb dâs prýxadk pksagnj pbrb bucajlmab prjnadalbr cj nbs pbrtjs skgrj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nb bpjrturb cjn  ouamak krbn, sbnvk quj jstál pjlcajltjs cj prbmtambrsj nbs canaejlmabs cj alvjstaebmaýl sknamatbcbs pkr nb cjfjlsb cjn adputbck y cjmnbrbcbs pjrtaljltjs pkr jn Oujz. Zlb vjz prbmtambcbs jstbs, jn Oujz prkmjcjrâ b jfjmtubr jn rjfjrack sjòbnbdajltk. Bn tajdpk rjsknvjrâ skgrj nb bcdasaýl y prâmtamb cj nbs canaejlmabs altjrjsbcbs pkr nbs pbrtjs pbrb jn bmtk cj camhb bucajlmab prjnadalbr.

=06

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

]a jn Oujz lk bmkrcbrj nb mklvkmbtkrab cj nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr, nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl bmucar jl qujob bltj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn.

g. Mjnjgrbmaýl Jl jn cäb y hkrb sjòbnbcks sj mjnjgrbrâ nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr mkdjlzblck pkr nb prâmtamb cj nbs canaejlmabs prkpujstbs pkr nbs pbrtjs. Nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl prkpkljr jl jstj dkdjltk canaejlmabs pbrb prbmtambrsj jl jn bmtk. Jn Oujz cjljebrâ tkcb canaejlmab prkpujstb quj lk sjb adprjsmalcagnj pbrb nb bcjmubcb cjmasaýl skgrj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn. Sjrdalbcb nb prâmtamb cj nbs canaejlmabs bcdatacbs, sj karâ b nbs pbrtjs skgrj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn y, jl su mbsk, skgrj nb mkdpjtjlmab cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck pbrb jn jlouamabdajltk. Nbs bmusbmakljs pujcjl dkcafambr nks tárdalks cj su pjtamaýl cj bpjrturb cj ouamak krbn, sal quj sjb bcdasagnj nb altrkcummaýl cj lujvks jnjdjltks quj bntjrjl jn hjmhk oustamabgnj k nb pjrsklb bmusbcb.

m. Butk cj skgrjsjadajltk k cj bpjrturb cj ouamak krbn Mklmnuacb nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr, jl jn dasdk bmtk k cjltrk cj nks = cäbs saeuajltjs jn Oujz camtbrâ butk pkr jn quj cjmacarâ nb bpjrturb k lk cjn ouamak krbn. ]a cjmacj nb lk bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn bmkrcbrâ jn skgrjsjadajltk. Nb rjsknumaýl pkr nb quj bmujrcb jn skgrjsjadajltk js bpjnbgnj bltj nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn. Nb quj bmujrcb nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn lk l k js rjmurragnj. Sbdgaál pkcrâ jn Oujz krcjlbr nb prâmtamb cj bneulb canaejlmab c anaejlmab mkdpnjdjltbrab, bltjs cj rjsknvjr, sa nb jstadbsj adprjsmalcagnj cj rjsuntbs cj nk bmtubck jl nb bucajlmab prjnadalbr. ]a cjmacj nb lk bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn bmkrcbrâ jn skgrjsjadajltk. Jl su mbsk, pkcrâ jn Oujz krcjlbr nb bmkdkcbmaýl bn prkmjcadajltk quj mkrrjspklcb mublck lk fujsj bpnambgnj bn rjeunbck jl nb NKSO. ]a mklsacjrb quj jn quj mkrrjspklcj js jn rjeunbck jl jn Sätunk AA cjn Nagrk AV cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn, bmkrcbrâ nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn, sa nb jstadb prkmjcjltj, y rjdatarâ nb mbusb b nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn k bn Oujz cj nk Pjlbn mkdpjtjltj pbrb quj prksaebl jn mklkmadajltk cj nb mbusb. Jn butk quj cjmrjtj nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak o uamak krbn cjtjrdalbrâ? -

Jn hjmhk k hjmhks oustamabgnjs oustamabgnjs cj jltrj nks quj hbl sack kgojtk cj bmusbmaýl y rjspjmtk rjspjmtk cj nks nks mubnjs jstadj prkmjcjltj jn jlouamabdajltk.

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Nb pjrsklb k pjrsklbs quj pkcrâl pkcrâl sjr ouzebcbs mkdk bmusbcks bmusbcks k tjrmjrks tjrmjrks rjspklsbgnjs mavandjltj.

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Nb fulcbdjltbmaýl cj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nb bpjrturb cjn ouamak mkl alcambmaýl cj nbs caspksamakljs caspksamakljs njebnjs bpnambgnjs.

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Jn ýreblk mkdpjtjltj pbrb jn jlouamabdajltk.

Jl nb dasdb rjsknumaýl, jn Oujz bmkrcbrâ quj sj cjcuzmb tjstadklak cj? -

Nks jsmratks cj mbnafambmaýl cj nbs pbrtjs.

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Nb ckmudjltbmaýl ckmudjltbmaýl cj nbs canaejlmabs canaejlmabs lk rjprkcumagnj rjprkcumagnjss y quj hbybl hbybl cj sjr rbtafambcbs rbtafambcbs jl jn ouamak krbn.

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Jn butk cj bpjrturb cjn ouamak krbn.

Jn tjstadklak, jfjmtks j alstrudjltks cjn cjnatk kmupbcks y cjdâs pajzbs cj mklvammaýl, sjrâl aldjcabtbdjltj rjdatacks bn Sragulbn mkdpjtjltj pbrb jn jlouamabdajltk.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=05

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

Nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl pjcar, jl mubnquajr dkdjltk, nks tjstadklaks quj njs altjrjsjl pbrb su untjrakr utanazbmaýl jl jn ouamak krbn.

=.

NB FB]J CJ OZAMAK KWBN? SWÂDASJ] PWJMJCJLSJ]? CJ]AELBMAÝL CJN DBEA]SWBCK-PKLJLSJ9 MZJ]SAKLJ] PWJVAB]9 BZSK CJ HJMHK] OZ]SAMABGNJ]

Lktb? Sálebsj jl mujltb nb jxastjlmab bquä cj ulb pksagnj jrrbtb jl jn prkerbdb b nb nuz cj nb NKSO, pkr nk cjgjrjdks jltjlcjr quj nb rjfjrjlmab bn Dbeastrbck-Pkljltj sj hbmj bn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjl Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj. tj.

=.2 Jdpnbzbdajltk cj nbs pbrtjs y cjsaelbmaýl cjn DbeastrbckPrjsacjltj Camtbck jn butk cj bpjrturb cj ouamak krbn pkr jn quj jn Oujz cj Alstrummaýl, dblcbrâ jdpnbzbr b nbs pbrtjs pbrb quj sj pjrskljl cjltrk cjn tárdalk cj 2: cäbs bltj jn Sragulbn mkdpjtjltj pbrb jn jlouamabdajltk. Wjmagacbs nbs bmtubmakljs jl nb Bucajlmab Prkvalmabn, sj cjsaelbrâ bn Dbeastrbck quj pkr turlk mkrrjspklcb.

=.7 Mujstakljs prjvabs Bn tajdpk cj pjrsklbrsj nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl? b) Pnbltjbr bneulb cj nbs mujstakljs k jxmjpmakljs prjvastbs jl jn brtämunk 666 cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn (brtämunks cj prjvak prklulmabdajltk) k bnjebr nk quj jstadjl kpkrtulk skgrj nb mkdpjtjlmab k albcjmubmaýl cjn prkmjcadajltk.  g) Bnjebr nb vunljrbmaýl cj bneÿl cjrjmhk fulcbdjltbn. m) Altjrjsbr nb bdpnabmaýl cjn ouamak b bneÿl hjmhk hjmhk rjspjmtk cjn mubn hugajsj albcdatack nb bpjrturb bpjrturb jn  Oujz cj Alstrummaýl. c) Pjcar nb jxmnusaýl cj bneÿl hjmhk skgrj jn quj sj hugajrb bgajrtk jn ouamak ouamak krbn, sa sj cjlulmab quj lk jstbgb almnuack jl nks jsmratks cj bmusbmaýl. j) Adpuelbr nks djcaks cj prujgb prkpujstks pkr nbs cjdâs pbrtjs pbrtjs y prkpkljr lujvks djcaks cj prujgb. Jl jstj mbsk, sj cbrâ trbsnbck b nbs cjdâs pbrtjs pbrb quj jl jn tárdalk cj trjs cäbs pujcbl alstbr pkr jsmratk su albcdasaýl. ]a sj pnbltjbsj bneulk cj jstks almacjltjs sj nj cbrâ nb trbdatbmaýl jstbgnjmacb jl nks brtämunks 668 b 655 cj nb NJMra (js cjmar nb prjvastb pbrb nks „brtämunks cj prjvak prklulmabdajltk— jl jn Prkmjsk Krcalbrak). Mkltrb jn butk rjsknutkrak cj nb cjmnalbtkrab y mkltrb jn quj bcdatb nbs jxmjpmakljs 7.¿, =.¿ y 3.¿ cjn brtämunk 666, prkmjcj jn rjmursk cj bpjnbmaýl bltj nb ]bnb cj nk Mavan y Pjlbn cjn Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab mkdk ]ª cj nk Pjlbn. Mkltrb jn quj nbs cjsjstadj, lk sj cb rjmursk bneulk (jx. brt. 656 pârrf. =¿ NJMra).

=.= Butk cj „hjmhks oustamabgnjs— Pjrsklbcbs nbs pbrtjs y rjsujntbs, jl su mbsk, nbs mujstakljs prkpujstbs, sa jnnk lk adpacajsj jn ouamak krbn, jn Dbeastrbck quj vbyb b prjsacar jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck camtbrâ butk muyk mkltjlack sj boustbrâ b nbs saeuajltjs rjenbs? b) Prjmasbrâ, jl pârrbfks sjpbrbcks, jn jn hjmhk k hjmhks oustamabgnjs. Jl mbcb pârrbfk lk sj pkcrâl almnuar tárdalks susmjptagnjs cj sjr tjlacks pkr prkgbcks ulks y pkr lk prkgbcks ktrks. Jxmnuarâ, bsadasdk, tkcb djlmaýl quj lk rjsuntj bgsknutbdjltj adprjsmalcagnj pbrb nb mbnafambmaýl.

=08

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

Jl camhb rjnbmaýl sj almnuarâl tbltk nks hjmhks bnjebcks bnjebcks pkr nbs bmusbmakljs mkdk pkr nb cjfjlsb. cjfjlsb. Pjrk, sa nb bfardbmaýl cj ulk supklj nb ljebmaýl cjn ktrk, sknk sj almnuarâ ulb prkpksamaýl.  g) ]jeuacbdjltj, mkl aeubn mratjrak, sj jxpklcrâl jl pârrbfks sjpbrbcks nks hjmhks quj mklfaeurjl jn erbck cj jojmumaýl cjn cjnatk y jn cj pbrtamapbmaýl cjn bmusbck, bsä mkdk nb pksagnj jstadbmaýl cj nb jxjlmaýl, berbvbmaýl k btjlubmaýl cj nb rjspklsbganacbc mradalbn. m) B mkltalubmaýl, cjtjrdalbrâ jn cjnatk k cjnatks cjnatks quj camhks hjmhks hjmhks mklstatuybl. c) Bsadasdk, rjsknvjrâ skgrj nb prkmjcjlmab cj nks djcaks cj prujgb prkpujstks pkr nbs pbrtjs y skgrj nb bltamapbmaýl cj su prâmtamb. Mkltrb nb rjsknumaýl quj quj cjmnbrj nb prkmjcjlmab cj bneÿl djcak cj prujgb lk sj bcdatarâ rjmursk. ]a sj cjljebrj nb prâmtamb cj bneÿl djcak d jcak cj prujgb pkcrâl nbs pbrtjs fkrdunbr su kpksamaýl b jfjmtks cj untjrakr rjmursk. j) Sbdgaál sjòbnbrâ cäb pbrb nb nb vastb cjn ouamak krbn bckptblck nbs nbs djcacbs b quj sj rjfajrjl rjfajrjl nks brts. 660 b 663 cj nb NJMra (skgrj matbmaýl cj tjstaeks y pjratks, tbmhb cj jstks ÿntadks y mklcummaýl cj nks prkmjsbcks quj sj hbnnjl prjsks b nb mârmjn cj nb pkgnbmaýl jl quj hbyb cj mkltalubrsj jn ouamak, matâlcknjs jn Njtrbck cj nb Bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab pbrb jn dasdk, bsä mkdk b nks quj jstuvajrjl jl nagjrtbc prkvasaklbn pbrb quj sj prjsjltjl jl jn cäb sjòbnbck, j aeubndjltj b nks fabckrjs k cujòks cj nks gajljs cbcks jl fablzb).

=.3 Ktrks trâdatjs? Mklstatumaýl cjn Ourbck Jn cäb y hkrb sjòbnbck pbrb jn ouamak sj mklstatuarâ jn Dbeastrbck quj hbyb cj prjsacar jn Sragulbn cjn  Ourbck mkl nb bsastjlmab cjn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab y nb prjsjlmab cj nbs pbrtjs. ]a mklmurrajsjl bn djlks vjaltj cj nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks mklvkmbcks, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj bgrarâ nb sjsaýl. Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj altjrrkebrâ lujvbdjltj b nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks pkr sa jl jnnks mklmurrajrb fbntb cj rjquasatks bneulb mbusb cj almbpbmacbc, almkdpbtaganacbc, prkhagamaýl k jxmusb. Sbdgaál pkcrâl nbs pbrtjs pkr sa k b trbvás cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj altjrrkebr b nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks rjspjmtk b nbs dbtjrabs rjnbmaklbcbs jl jn pârrbfk bltjrakr. Sbdgaál nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl rjmusbr b bqujnnks jl quajljs bfardjl mklmurrj mbusb cj almbpbmacbc, almkdpbtaganacbc k prkhagamaýl. Nbs rjmusbmakljs sj karâl y rjsknvjrâl jl jn prkpak bmtk pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, bltj nb prjsjlmab cj nbs pbrtjs y käck jn mblcacbtk b ourbck bfjmtbck. Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjmacarâ skgrj nb rjmusbmaýl, sal quj qujpb rjmursk, pjrk sä prktjstb b nks jfjmtks cjn rjmursk quj pujcb sjr altjrpujstk mkltrb mklt rb nb sjltjlmab. ]a, mkdk mklsjmujlmab cj nb almkdpbrjmjlmab cj bneulks cj nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks mklvkmbcks, k cj nbs jxmnusakljs, lk rjsuntbsjl bn djlks vjaltj mblcacbtks b ourbcks, sj prkmjcjrâ b ul lujvk sjòbnbdajltk cjltrk cj nks qualmj cäbs saeuajltjs. ]j matbrâ bn jfjmtk b nks mkdpbrjmacks y b nks busjltjs y b ul lÿdjrk lk supjrakr b kmhk quj sjrâl cjsaelbcks pkr skrtjk jl jn bmtk cj jltrj nks cj nb nastb gajlbn. ]a nbs pbrtjs bnjebsjl jl jsj dkdjltk bneulb mbusb cj almbpbmacbc, almkdpbtaganacbc k prkhagamaýl cj nks bsä cjsaelbcks quj fujsj bmjptbcb pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj sal prktjstb cj nbs cjdâs pbrtjs lk rjmusbltjs, sj mkdpnjtbrâ mkl ul lujvk skrtjk hbstb kgtjljr nb mafrb cj nks kmhk mkdpnjdjltbraks. ]a jl nb sjeulcb mklvkmbtkrab tbdpkmk sj kgtuvajrb jn lÿdjrk däladk cj mblcacbtks b ourbcks mklmurrjltjs, sj prkmjcjrâ cj aeubn dbljrb quj jl nb pradjrb b sumjsavbs mklvkmbtkrabs y skrtjks mkdpnjdjltbraks, hbstb kgtjljr nb mklmurrjlmab ljmjsbrab.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=01

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

Jl tkck mbsk, sj bckptbrâl nbs djcacbs ljmjsbrabs rjspjmtk cj nks djcaks cj prujgb prkpujstks pbrb hbmjr pksagnj su prâmtamb ulb vjz mklstatuack jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck.

B. ]jnjmmaýl cj nks ourbcks ourbcks y mklstatumaýl mklstatumaýl cjn Sragulbn ]a mklmurrajsj jn lÿdjrk sufamajltj cj mblcacbtks b ourbcks (bn djlks 70), sj prkmjcjrâ b ul skrtjk sumjsavk pbrb sjnjmmaklbr b nks 1 ourbcks quj fkrdbrâl pbrtj cjn Sragulbn, y ktrks 7 dâs mkdk supnjltjs. Altrkcumacks nks lkdgrjs cj nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks jl ulb urlb, sjrâl jxtrbäcks, ulk b ulk, pkr jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab quajl njjrâ su lkdgrj jl bntb vkz. Nbs pbrtjs, cjspuás cj fkrdunbr bn lkdgrbck nbs prjeultbs quj jstadjl kpkrtulbs y jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjmnbrj pjrtaljltjs, pkcrâl rjmusbr sal bnjebmaýl cj dktavk cjtjrdalbck hbstb 3 cj bqujnnks pkr pbrtj cj nbs bmusbmakljs y ktrks 3 pkr pbrtj cj nbs cjfjlsbs. ]a hugajrj vbraks bmusbckrjs y bmusbcks, cjgjrâl bmtubr cj dutuk bmujrck pbrb alcambr nks mblcacbtks b ourbcks quj rjmusbl sal bnjebmaýl cj mbusb. Cj lk djcabr bmujrck, sj cjmacarâ pkr skrtjk jn krcjl jl quj nbs pbrtjs bmusbckrbs k bmusbcbs pujcjl fkrdunbr nb rjmusbmaýl, hbstb quj sj bektj jn mupk cj rjmusbgnjs. Jn bmtkr mavan y nks tjrmjrks rjspklsbgnjs mavanjs lk pujcjl fkrdunbr rjmusbmaýl sal mbusb. B mkltalubmaýl sj prkmjcjrâ cj aeubn dbljrb pbrb nb cjsaelbmaýl cj nks supnjltjs. Mublck sknk rjstjl cks pbrb sjr cjsaelbcks supnjltjs, lk sj bcdatarâ rjmusbmaýl sal mbusb.

Adpkrtbltj Lbcaj pkcrâ jojrmjr nbs fulmakljs cj ourbck sal prjstbr jn  ourbdjltk  ourbdjl tk k prkdjsb alcambcks. Ruajl sj ljebsj b prjstbrnk sjrâ mkldalbck mkl jn pbek cj ulb duntb cj :0.000 pjsjtbs (jltaálcbsj hky =00 jurks), quj jn DbeastrbckDbeastrbck-PrjPrjsacjltj adpklcrâ jl jn bmtk. ]a jn nnbdbck pjrsastj jl su ljebtavb sj cjcumaräb jn kpkrtulk tbltk cj munpb y jl su nuebr sjrâ nnbdbck jn supnjltj.

=20

Mundalbck jn skrtjk, cjn quj jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj  Oustamab jxtjlcjrâ bmtb, sj mklstatuarâ jn Sragulbn.

G. Ourbdjltk k prkdjsb prkdjsb cj nks nks cjsaelbcks Zlb vjz quj jn Sragulbn sj hbyb mklstatuack, sj prkmjcjrâ b rjmagar ourbdjltk k prkdjsb b nks sjnjmmaklbcks pbrb bmtubr mkdk ourbcks. Pujstks jl paj jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj carâ? „»Ourbl k prkdjtjl cjsjdpjòbr gajl y fajndjltj nb fulmaýl cjn  ourbck, mkl adpbrmabnac adpbrmabnacbc, bc, sal kcak la bfjmtk, jxbdalblc jxbdalblck k nb bmusbmaýl, bprjmablck nbs prujgbs y rjsknvajlck sa skl munpb gnjs k lk munpbgnjs cj nks cjnatks kgojtk cjn prkmjcadajltk nks bmusbcks..., bsä mkdk eubrcbr sjmrjtk cj nbs cjnagjrbmakljs;—. Nks ourbcks sj arâl bprkxadblck, cj ulk jl ulk, b nb prjsjlmab cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj y, mknkmbcks frjltj b án, carâl? „sä  ourk— k „sä prkdjtk—, y tkdbrâl bsajltk jl jn nuebr cjstalbck bn jfjmtk.

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, mublck tkcks hbybl ourbck k prkdjtack, dblcbrâ mkdjlzbr nb bucajlmab pÿgnamb.

3.

MJNJGWBMAÝL CJN OZAMAK KWBN? NB VA]SB9 ]Z]PJL]AÝL CJN OZAMAK KWBN. PK]AGNJ CA]KNZMAÝL CJN OZWBCK? ]Z] MBZ]B]

3.2 Mjnjgrbmaýl cjn ouamak krbn? nb vastb9 suspjlsaýl cjn ouamak krbn B. Bpnambmaýl cj nb NJMr (brt. 37.2 NKSO) Srbs jn ourbdjltk k prkdjsb, sj cbrâ mkdajlzk b nb mjnjgrbmaýl cjn ouamak krbn saeuajlck nk caspujstk jl nks brts. 680 y ss. cj nb NJMra, pbrb jn ouamak krcalbrak.

G. Wjenbs jspjmäfambs Zlb vjz mklstatuack jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck cj nb fkrdb yb jstucabcb, trbs jn ourbdjltk k prkdjsb, sj cbrâ mkdajlzk b nb mjnjgrbmaýl cjn ouamak krbn saeuajlck nk caspujstk jl nks brtämunks 680 y saeuajltjs cj nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn (muyk jstucak mkrrjspklcj b ktrk tjdb cj jstj nagrk), bulquj mkl majrtbs pbrtamunbracbcjs quj skl nbs jxpujstbs b mkltalubmaýl? -

Jn bmusbck k bmusbcks sj jlmkltrbrâl satubcks cj fkrdb quj sjb pksagnj su aldjcabtb mkdulambmaýl mkl nks cjfjlskrjs.

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Pbrb nb cjmasaýl cj mjnjgrbmaýl b pujrtb mjrrbcb, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, käcbs nbs pbrtjs, pbrtjs, cjmacarâ nk quj jstadj pjrtaljltj, prjvab mklsuntb bn Ourbck.

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Nb mjnjgrbmaýl cjn ouamak krbn rjquajrj nb bsastjlmab cjn bmusbck y cjn bgkebck cjfjlskr. cjfjlskr. Jstj ÿntadk ÿntadk jstbrâ b caspksamaýl cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck hbstb quj sj jdatb jn vjrjcamtk, tjlajlck jn ouamak krbn bltj jstj Sragulbn prakracbc frjltj b mubnquajr ktrk sjòbnbdajltk k bmtubmaýl prkmjsbn sjb mubn sjb jn krcjl ourascammaklbn bltj jn quj tjleb nuebr. Lk kgstbltj, sa hugajrj hugajrj vbraks vbraks bmusbcks y bneulk bneulk cj jnnks cjob cjob cj mkdpbrjmjr, pkcrâ jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj bmkrcbr, käcbs nbs pbrtjs, nb mkltalubmaýl cjn ouamak pbrb nks rjstbltjs.

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Nb busjlmab aloustafambcb cjn tjrmjrk, rjspklsbgnj mavan matbck jl cjgacb fkrdb lk sjrâ pkr sä dasdb mbusb cj suspjlsaýl cjn ouamak, la cj su jlouamabdajltk.

b. Bnjebmakljs prjvabs cj nbs pbrtjs bn Ourbck Jn ouamak mkdjlzbrâ djcabltj nb njmturb pkr jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab cj nks jsmratks cj mbnafambmaýl. ]jeuacbdjltj jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj bgrarâ ul turlk cj altjrvjlmaýl cj nbs pbrtjs pbrb quj jxpklebl bn Ourbck nbs bnjebmakljs quj jstadjl mklvjlajltjs b fal cj jxpnambr jn mkltjlack cj sus rjspjmtavbs mbnafambmakljs y nb falbnacbc cj nb prujgb quj hbl prkpujstk. Jl tbn kmbsaýl pkcrâl prkpkljr bn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj lujvbs prujgbs pbrb prbmtambrsj jl jn bmtk, rjsknvajlck jstj trbs kär b nbs cjdâs pbrtjs quj cjsjjl kpkljrsj b su bcdasaýl.

g. Jspjmabnacbcjs prkgbtkrabs Nks ourbcks, pkr djcak cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj y prjvab cjmnbrbmaýl cj pjrtaljlmab, pkcrâl caraear, djcabltj jsmratk, b tjstaeks, pjratks y bmusbcks nbs prjeultbs quj jstadjl mklcumjltjs b faobr y bmnbrbr nks hjmhks skgrj nks quj vjrsj nb prujgb. Nks ourbcks vjrâl pkr sä nks nagrks, ckmudjltks, pbpjnjs y cjdâs pajzbs cj mklvammaýl.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=22

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

Pbrb nb prujgb cj alspjmmaýl kmunbr sj mklstatuarâ jn Sragulbn jl su altjeracbc, mkl nks ourbcks, jl jn nuebr cjn sumjsk. Nbs canaejlmabs rjdatacbs pkr jn Oujz Alstrumtkr pkcrâl sjr jxhagacbs b nks ourbcks jl nb prâmtamb cj nb prujgb. Jn Dalastjrak Fasmbn, nks njtrbcks cj nb bmusbmaýl y nks cj nb cjfjlsb pkcrâl altjrrkebr bn bmusbck, tjstaeks y pjratks skgrj nbs mkltrbcammakljs quj jstadjl quj jxastjl jltrj nk quj dblafajstjl jl jn ouamak krbn y nk camhk jl nb fbsj cj alstrummaýl. ]al jdgbrek, lk pkcrâ cbrsj njmturb b camhbs prjvabs cjmnbrbmakljs, bulquj sj ularâ bn bmtb jn tjstadklak quj quajl altjrrkeb cjgj prjsjltbr jl jn bmtk. Nbs cjmnbrbmakljs jfjmtubcbs jl nb fbsj cj alstrummaýl, sbnvk nbs rjsuntbltjs cj prujgb bltamapbcb, lk tjlcrâl vbnkr prkgbtkrak cj nks hjmhks jl jnnbs bfardbcks. Mklmnuacb nb prâmtamb cj nb prujgb, nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl dkcafambr sus mklmnusakljs prkvasaklbnjs jl nks tárdalks cjn brt. 588.= y 3 NJMra, jl nks tárdalks cjn prkmjcadajltk bgrjvabck. Q bul mublck jl sus mklmnusakljs cjfalatavbs nbs pbrtjs mbnafambsjl nks hjmhks mkdk mklstatutavks cj ul cjnatk cj nks lk btra guacks bn jlouamabdajltk cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, ástj mkltalubrâ mklkmajlck.

M. ]uspjlsaýl cjn ouamak ouamak krbn Mublck, mklfkrdj b nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn, hbyb cj suspjlcjrsj nb mjnjgrbmaýl cjn ouamak krbn, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj pkcrâ cjmacar nb casknumaýl cjn Ourbck, quj bmkrcbrâ, jl tkck mbsk, sajdprj quj camhb suspjlsaýl sj hbyb cj prknklebr curbltj : k dâs cäbs.

C. Dkcafambmaýl cj nbs mklmnusakljs mklmnusakljs prkvasaklbnjs prkvasaklbnjs y mklmnusakljs mklmnusakljs cjfalatavbs cjfalatavbs Mklmnuacb nb prâmtamb cj nb prujgb, nbs pbrtjs pkcrâl dkcafambr sus mklmnusakljs mkl mnusakljs prkvasaklbnjs. Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj rjqujrarâ b nbs pbrtjs, jl nks tárdalks prjvastks jl nb Njy cj Jlouamabdajltk Mradalbn, pbrb quj dblafajstjl sa rbtafambl k dkcafambl sus mklmnusakljs alamabndjltj prjsjltbcbs y pbrb quj jxpklebl krbndjltj mubltk jstadjl prkmjcjltj skgrj nb vbnkrbmaýl cj nb prujgb y nb mbnafambmaýl ouräcamb cj nks hjmhks. Bul mublck jl sus mklmnusakljs cjfalatavbs nbs pbrtjs mbnafambsjl nks hjmhks mkdk mklstatutavks cj ul cjnatk cj nks lk btraguacks bn jlouamabdajltk cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck, jstj mkltalubrâ mklkmajlck.

3.7 Pksagnj casknumaýl cjn Ourbck? sus mbusbs Nb NKSO prjvá nbs saeuajltjs mbusbs cj casknumaýl cjn Ourbck? -

Pkr suspjlsaýl cjn ouamak ouamak mublck hbyb cj prknklebrsj dâs cj 3 cäb (mkdk bmbgbdks cj vjr).

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Mublck lk jxastb prujgb cj mbrek mkltrb jn bmusbck.

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Mublck jxastb mklfkrdacbc cj nbs pbrtjs mkl jn jsmratk quj sknamatj nb pjlb cj dbykr erbvjcbc.

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Mublck tkcbs nbs nbs pbrtjs bmusbckrbs cjsastbl cjsastbl cj nb bmusbmaýl.

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Pkr casknumaýl cjn Ourbck, sal sugsblbmaýl cj sus jfjmtks, trbs ulb tjrmjrb cjvknumaýl cjn bmtb.

Falbndjltj, pkr nk quj hbmj bn mjsj cjn Ourbck jl sus fulmakljs hbgrâ quj jstbr b nk caspujstk jl jn brtämunk 66 NKSO9 sjeÿl jn mubn, njäck jn vjrjcamtk, jn Ourbck mjsbrâ jl sus fulmakljs. Hbstb jsj dkdjltk nks supnjltjs hbgrâl pjrdbljmack b caspksamaýl cjn Sragulbn jl jn nuebr quj sj njs alcaquj. Pkr nk cjdâs vastb nb suspjlsaýl cjn ouamak, y sajlck nb casknumaýl cjn Ourbck kgojtk cj jstucak jl jn jpäerbfj saeuajltj, lks rjfjrarjdks bhkrb b nbs cjdâs mbusbs cj casknumaýl.

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jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

B. Casknumaýl pkr aljxastjlmab aljxastjlmab cj prujgb prujgb cj mbrek Zlb vjz mklmnuacks nks alfkrdjs cj nb bmusbmaýl, nb cjfjlsb pujcj sknamatbr cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, k jstj cjmacar cj kfamak, nb casknumaýl cjn Ourbck sa jstadb quj cjn ouamak lk rjsuntb nb jxastjlmab cj prujgb cj mbrek quj pujcb fulcbr ulb mklcjlb cjn bmusbck. ]a nb aljxastjlmab cj prujgb cj mbrek sknk bfjmtb b bneulks hjmhks k bmusbcks, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj pkcrâ cjmacar quj lk hb nuebr b jdatar vjrjcamtk jl rjnbmaýl mkl nks dasdks. Jl tbnjs supujstks sj camtbrâ, cjltrk cj tjrmjrk cäb, sjltjlmab bgsknutkrab dktavbcb.

G. Casknumaýl pkr mklfkrdacbc mklfkrdacbc cj nbs nbs pbrtjs pbrtjs Aeubndjltj, prkmjcjrâ nb casknumaýl cjn Ourbck sa nbs pbrtjs altjrjsbrjl quj sj camtj sjltjlmab cj mklfkrdacbc mkl jn jsmratk cj mbnafambmaýl quj sknamatj pjlb cj dbykr erbvjcbc, k mkl jn quj prjsjltbrjl jl jn bmtk, susmratk pkr tkcbs, sal almnusaýl cj ktrks hjmhks quj nks kgojtk cj ouamak, la mbnafambmaýl dâs erbvj quj nb almnuacb jl nbs mklmnusakljs prkvasaklbnjs. Nb pjlb mklfkrdbcb lk pkcrâ jxmjcjr cj sjas bòks cj pravbmaýl cj nagjrtbc, sknb k mkloultbdjltj mkl nbs cj duntb y pravbmaýl cj cjrjmhks. Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj camtbrâ nb sjltjlmab quj mkrrjspklcb, btjlcacks nks hjmhks bcdatacks pkr nbs pbrtjs, pjrk, sa jltjlcajsj quj jxastjl dktavks gbstbltjs pbrb jstadbr quj jn hjmhk oustamabgnj lk hb sack pjrpjtrbck k quj lk nk fuj pkr jn bmusbck, lk casknvjrâ jn Ourbck y dblcbrâ sjeuar jn ouamak. Bsadasdk, sa jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj jltjlcajrb quj nks hjmhks bmjptbcks pkr nbs pbrtjs pucajrbl lk sjr mklstatutavks cj cjnatk, k quj pujcb rjsuntbr nb mklmurrjlmab cj ulb mbusb cj jxjlmaýl k cj prjmjptavb btjlubmaýl, lk casknvjrâ jn Ourbck, y, prjvab bucajlmab cj nbs pbrtjs, skdjtjrâ b bqujn pkr jsmratk jn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk.

M. Casknumaýl pkr cjsastadajltk cjsastadajltk jl nb pjtamaýl pjtamaýl cj mklcjlb Mublck jn Dalastjrak Fasmbn y cjdâs pbrtjs bmusbckrbs, jl sus mklmnusakljs cjfalatavbs, k jl mubnquajr dkdjltk bltjrakr cjn ouamak, dblafjstbsjl quj cjsastjl cj nb pjtamaýl cj mklcjlb cjn bmusbck, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj casknvjrâ jn Ourbck y camtbrâ sjltjlmab bgsknutkrab.

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JN VJWJCAMSK? CJSJWDALBMAÝL CJN KGOJSK CJN VJWJCAMSK, CJNAGJWBMAÝL Q VJWJCAMSK9 AL]SWZMMAÝL B NK] OZWBCK]9 CJNAGJWBMAÝL Q VKSBMAÝL9 BMSB. ]JLSJLMAB

:.2 Cjtjrdalbmaýl cjn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk Mklfkrdj bn brt. =.2 NKSO, jn vjrjcamtk mklsastj jl cjmnbrbr prkgbck k lk prkgbck jn hjmhk oustamabgnj quj jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj hbyb cjtjrdalbck mkdk tbn, bsä bs ä mkdk bqujnnks ktrks hjmhks quj nks ourbcks cjmacbl almnuar y lk adpnaqujl vbrabmaýl sustblmabn cjn dasdk.

:.7 Jsmratk mkl mkl jn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk Mklmnuack jn ouamak krbn, cjspuás cj prkcumacks nks alfkrdjs y käcks nks bmusbcks, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj prkmjcjrâ b skdjtjr bn Ourbck pkr jsmratk jn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk mklfkrdj b nbs saeuajltjs rjenbs? b) Lbrrbrâ jl pârrbfks sjpbrbcks y ludjrbcks nks hjmhks bnjebcks pkr nbs pbrtjs y quj jn Ourbck cjgjrâ cjmnbrbr prkgbcks k lk, cafjrjlmablck jltrj nks quj fujrjl mkltrbraks bn bmusbck y nks quj rjsuntbrjl fbvkrbgnjs. Lk pkcrâ almnuar jl ul dasdk pârrbfk hjmhks fbvkrbgnjs y cjsfbvkrbgnjs k hjmhks cj nks quj ulks sjbl susmjptagnjs cj tjljrsj pkr prkgbcks y ktrks lk.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=2=

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

Mkdjlzbrâ pkr jxpkljr nks quj mklstatuyjl jn hjmhk pralmapbn cj nb bmusbmaýl y cjspuás lbrrbrâ nks bnjebcks pkr nbs cjfjlsbs. Pjrk sa nb mklsacjrbmaýl saduntâljb cj bqujnnks y jstks mkdk prkgbcks lk js pksagnj sal mkltrbcammaýl, sknk almnuarâ ulb prkpksamaýl. Mublck nb cjmnbrbmaýl cj prkgbck cj ul hjmhk sj alfajrb cj aeubn cjmnbrbmaýl cj ktrk, jstj hbgrâ cj sjr prkpujstk mkl nb cjgacb prakracbc y sjpbrbmaýl.  g) Jxpklcrâ cjspuás, saeuajlck aeubn mratjrak cj sjpbrbmaýl y ludjrbmaýl cj pârrbfks, nks hjmhks bnjebcks quj pujcbl cjtjrdalbr nb jstadbmaýl cj ulb mbusb cj jxjlmaýl cj rjspklsbganacbc. m) B mkltalubmaýl almnuarâ, jl pârrbfks sumjsavks, ludjrbcks y sjpbrbcks, nb lbrrbmaýl cjn hjmhk quj cjtjrdalj jn erbck cj jojmumaýl, pbrtamapbmaýl y dkcafambmaýl cj nb rjspklsbganacbc. c) Falbndjltj prjmasbrâ jn hjmhk cjnamtavk pkr jn mubn jn bmusbck hbgrâ cj sjr cjmnbrbck munpbgnj k lk munpbgnj. j) ]a fujrjl jlouamabcks cavjrsks cjnatks, jfjmtubrâ nb rjcbmmaýl rjcbmmaýl bltjrakr sjpbrbcb y sumjsavbdjltj pkr mbcb cjnatk. f) Aeubn hbrâ sa fujrjl vbraks nks bmusbcks. e) Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, b nb vastb cjn rjsuntbck cj nb prujgb, pkcrâ bòbcar hjmhks k mbnafambmakljs ouräcambs fbvkrbgnjs bn bmusbck sajdprj quj lk adpnaqujl ulb vbrabmaýl sustblmabn cjn hjmhk oustamabgnj, la kmbsakljl alcjfjlsaýl. ]a jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj jltjlcajsj quj cj nb prujgb cjravb ul hjmhk quj adpnaquj tbn vbrabmaýl sustblmabn, krcjlbrâ cjcumar jn mkrrjspklcajltj tbltk cj munpb.

Skdj lktb Jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck almkrpkrbrâ jn jsmratk mkl jn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk bn bmtb cjn ouamak, jltrjeblck mkpab cj jstb b nbs pbrtjs y b mbcb ulk cj nks ourbcks, y hbrâ mklstbr jl bqujnnb nbs pjtamakljs cj nbs pbrtjs quj fujrjl cjljebcbs.

Bsadasdk, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj rjmbgbrâ, jl su mbsk, jn mratjrak cjn ourbck skgrj nb bpnambmaýl cj nks gjljfamaks cj rjdasaýl mklcamaklbn cj nb pjlb y nb pjtamaýl k lk cj alcuntk jl nb prkpab sjltjlmab.

:.= Bucajlmab b nbs pbrtjs Bltjs cj jltrjebr b nks ourbcks jn jsmratk mkl jn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj karâ b nbs pbrtjs, quj pkcrâl sknamatbr nbs almnusakljs k jxmnusakljs quj jstadjl pjrtaljltjs, cjmacajlck bqujn cj pnblk nk quj mkrrjspklcb. Nbs pbrtjs muybs pjtamakljs fujrbl rjmhbzbcbs pkcrâl fkrdunbr prktjstb b nks jfjmtks cjn rjmursk quj hbyb nuebr mkltrb nb sjltjlmab.

:.3 Alstrummaýl b nks ourbcks Aldjcabtbdjltj, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj jl bucajlmab pÿgnamb, mkl bsastjlmab cjn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj

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jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

 Oustamab, y jl prjsjlmab cj nbs pbrtjs, prkmjcjrâ b hbmjrnjs jltrjeb b nks ourbcks cjn jsmratk jsmratk mkl jn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk. Bn dasdk tajdpk, njs alstruarâ skgrj jn mkltjlack cj nb fulmaýl quj tajljl mklfjracb, rjenbs quj raejl su cjnagjrbmaýl y vktbmaýl y nb fkrdb jl quj cjgjl c jgjl rjfnjobr su vjrjcamtk. Sbdgaál njs jxpklcrâ cjtjlacbdjltj, jl fkrdb quj pujcbl jltjlcjr, nb lbturbnjzb cj nks hjmhks skgrj nks quj hbyb vjrsbck nb casmusaýl, cjtjrdalblck nbs marmulstblmabs mklstatutavbs cjn cjnatk adputbck b nks bmusbcks y nbs quj sj rjfajrbl b supujstks cj jxjlmaýl k dkcafambmaýl cj nb rjspklsbganacbc. Skck jnnk mkl rjfjrjlmab b nks hjmhks rjmkeacks jl jn jsmratk quj sj njs jltrjeb. Muacbrâ jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cj lk hbmjr bnusaýl bneulb b su kpalaýl skgrj jn rjsuntbck prkgbtkrak, pjrk sä skgrj nb ljmjsacbc cj quj lk btajlcbl b bqujnnks djcaks prkgbtkraks muyb anamatuc k lunacbc hugajsj sack cjmnbrbcb pkr án. Bsadasdk alfkrdbrâ quj, sa trbs nb cjnagjrbmaýl lk njs hugajsj sack pksagnj rjsknvjr nbs cucbs quj tuvajrbl skgrj nb prujgb, cjgjrâl cjmacar jl jn sjltack dâs fbvkrbgnj bn bmusbck.

:.: Cjnagjrbmaýl y vktbmaýl B. Cjnagjrbmaýl cjn Ourbck ]jeuacbdjltj jn Ourbck sj rjtarbrâ b nb sbnb cjstalbcb pbrb su cjnagjrbmaýl. Prjsacacks alamabndjltj pkr bqujn muyk lkdgrj fujsj jn pradjrk jl sbnar jl jn skrtjk, prkmjcjrâl b jnjear bn pkrtbvkz. Nb cjnagjrbmaýl sjrâ sjmrjtb, sal quj laleulk cj nks ourbcks pujcb rjvjnbr nk jl jnnb dblafjstbck. Nb cjnagjrbmaýl tjlcrâ nuebr b pujrtb mjrrbcb, sal quj njs sjb pjrdatacb mkdulambmaýl mkl pjrsklb bneulb hbstb quj hbybl jdatack jn vjrjcamtk, bckptâlcksj pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj nbs djcacbs kpkrtulbs bn jfjmtk. ]a nb cjnagjrbmaýl curbsj tbltk tajdpk quj fujsj ljmjsbrak jn cjsmblsk, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, cj kfamak k b pjtamaýl cjn Ourbck, nk butkrazbrâ, dbltjlajlck nb almkdulambmaýl.

G. Bdpnabmaýl cj alstrummaklj alstrummakljss ]a bneulk cj nks ourbcks tuvajrj cucb skgrj mubnquajrb cj nks bspjmtks cjn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk, pkcrâ pjcar, pkr jsmratk y b trbvás cjn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab, nb prjsjlmab cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj pbrb quj bdpnäj nbs alstrummakljs. Nb mkdpbrjmjlmab cj jstj sj hbrâ jl bucajlmab pÿgnamb, bsastack cjn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab y jl prjsjlmab cjn Dalastjrak Fasmbn y cjdâs pbrtjs. Srblsmurracks cks cäbs cjscj jn alamak cj nb cjnagjrbmaýl sal quj nks ourbcks hamajrjl jltrjeb cjn bmtb cj nb vktbmaýl, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj pkcrâ mklvkmbrnjs b nb mkdpbrjmjlmab bltjrakr. ]a jl camhb mkdpbrjmjlmab laleulk cj nks ourbcks jxprjsbrb cucb skgrj mubnquajrb cj nks bspjmtks cjn kgojtk cjn vjrjcamtk, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj jdatarâ nbs alstrummakljs pjrtaljltjs mkl nks jfjmtks btraguacks jl nb NKSO b nb cjvknumaýl cjn bmtb.

M. Vktbmaýl Nb vktbmaýl sjrâ lkdalbn, jl bntb vkz y pkr krcjl bnfbgátamk, vktblck jl ÿntadk nuebr jn pkrtbvkz. Laleulk cj nks ourbcks pkcrâ bgstjljrsj cj vktbr. ]a bneulk alsastajrj jl bgstjljrsj, cjspuás cj rjqujrack pkr jn pkrtbvkz, sj hbrâ mklstbr jl bmtb y, jl su dkdjltk, sjrâ sblmaklbck pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj mkl 3:0,56 jurks cj duntb.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=2:

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

Laleulk cj nks ourbcks pkcrâ bgstjljrsj cj vktbr. ]a bneulk alsastajrj jl bgstjljrsj, cjspuás cj rjqujrack pkr jn pkrtbvkz, sj hbrâ mklstbr jl bmtb y, jl su dkdjltk, sjrâ sblmaklbck pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj mkl 3:0,56 jurks cj duntb. ]a, hjmhb nb mklstblmab y rjatjrbck jn rjqujradajltk pjrsastajrb nb ljebtavb cj vktk, sj cjobrâ lujvb mklstblmab jl bmtb cj nb quj sj cjcumarâ jn tjstadklak mkrrjspklcajltj pbrb jxbmmaýl cj nb cjravbcb rjspklsbganacbc r jspklsbganacbc pjlbn. Jl tkck mbsk, nb bgstjlmaýl sj jltjlcjrâ vktk b fbvkr cj lk mklsacjrbr prkgbck jn hjmhk pjroucamabn pbrb nb cjfjlsb y cj nb lk munpbganacbc cjn bmusbck.

b. Vktbmaýl skgrj nks hjmhks Jn pkrtbvkz skdjtjrâ b vktbmaýl mbcb ulk cj nks pârrbfks jl quj sj cjsmragjl nks hjmhks, tbn y mkdk fujrkl prkpujstks pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj. Nks ourbcks vktbrâl sa jstadbl prkgbcks k lk camhks hjmhks. Pbrb sjr cjmnbrbcks tbnjs, sj rjquajrj 5 vktks , bn djlks, mublck fujsjl mkltrbraks bn bmusbck, y : vktks, mublck fujsjl fbvkrbgnjs. ]a lk sj kgtuvajsj camhb dbykräb, pkcrâ skdjtjrsj b vktbmaýl jn mkrrjspklcajltj hjmhk mkl nbs prjmasakljs quj sj jstadjl pjrtaljltjs pkr quajl prkpkleb nb bntjrlbtavb y, lujvbdjltj rjcbmtbck bsä jn pârrbfk, sjrâ skdjtack b vktbmaýl hbstb kgtjljr nb alcambcb dbykräb. Nb dkcafambmaýl lk pkcrâ supkljr cjobr cj skdjtjr b vktbmaýl nb pbrtj cjn hjmhk prkpujstb pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj. Pjrk pkcrâ almnuarsj ul pârrbfk lujvk, k lk prkpujstk, sajdprj quj lk supkleb ulb bntjrbmaýl sustblmabn la cjtjrdalj ulb berbvbmaýl cj nb rjspklsbganacbc adputbcb pkr nb bmusbmaýl.

g. Vktbmaýl skgrj munpbganacbc k almunpbganacbc, rjdasaýl mklcamaklbn cj nb pjlb y pjtamaýl cj alcuntk ]a sj hugajsj kgtjlack nb dbykräb ljmjsbrab jl nb vktbmaýl skgrj nks hjmhks, sj skdjtjrâ b vktbmaýl nb munpbganacbc k almunpbganacbc cj mbcb bmusbck pkr mbcb hjmhk cjnamtavk adputbck. ]jrâl ljmjsbraks 5 vktks pbrb jstbgnjmjr nb munpbganacbc y : vktks pbrb jstbgnjmjr nb almunpbganacbc. Jn mratjrak cjn Ourbck skgrj nb bpnambmaýl bn cjmnbrbck munpbgnj cj nks gjljfamaks cj rjdasaýl mklcamaklbn cj nb pjlb, bsä mkdk skgrj nb pjtamaýl cj alcuntk jl nb sjltjlmab, rjqujrarâl jn vktk fbvkrbgnj cj malmk ourbcks.

:.6 Bmtb cj nb vktbmaýl Mklmnuacb nb vktbmaýl, sj jxtjlcjrâ ul bmtb mkl nks saeuajltjs bpbrtbcks? b) Zl pradjr bpbrtbck, alamabck cj nb saeuajltj fkrdb? „Nks ourbcks hbl cjnagjrbck cjnagjrbck skgrj nks hjmhks skdjtacks b su rjsknumaýl y hbl jlmkltrbck prkgbcks, y bsä nk cjmnbrbl pkr (ulbladacbc k dbykräb), nks saeuajltjs...—. ]a nk nk vktbck fujrb jn tjxtk tjxtk prkpujstk pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, pkcrâl nadatbrsj b alcambr su lÿdjrk. ]a jn tjxtk vktbck almnuyjsj bneulb dkcafambmaýl, jsmragarâl jn tjxtk tbn mkdk fuj vktbck.  g) Zl sjeulck bpbrtbck, alamabck cj nb saeuajltj fkrdb? „Bsadasdk, hbl jlmkltrbck lk prkgbcks, y bsä nk cjmnbrbl pkr (ulbladacbc k dbykräb), nks hjmhks cjsmratks jl nks lÿdjrks saeuajltjs cjn jsmratk skdjtack b lujstrb cjmasaýl—. ]jeuacbdjltj alcambrâl nks lÿdjrks cj nks pârrbfks cj camhk jsmratk, pucajlck rjprkcumar su tjxtk. m) Zl tjrmjr bpbrtbck, alamabck cj nb saeuajltj fkrdb? „Pkr nk bltjrakr, nks ourbcks pkr (ulbladacbc k dbykräb) jlmkltrbdks bn bmusbck... bmusbc k... munpbgnj/lk munpbgnj cjn hjmhk cjnamtavk cj...—. =26

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

Jl jstj bpbrtbck hbrâl ul prklulmabdajltk sjpbrbck pkr mbcb cjnatk y bmusbck. Cj nb dasdb fkrdb sj prklulmabrâl, jl su mbsk, skgrj jn mratjrak cjn Ourbck jl mubltk b nb bpnambmaýl bn cjmnbrbck munpbgnj cj nks gjljfamaks cj rjdasaýl mklcamaklbn cj nb pjlb quj sj adpusajrj, pbrb jn mbsk cj quj mklmurrbl nks prjsupujstks njebnjs bn jfjmtk, y skgrj nb pjtamaýl k lk cj alcuntk jl nb sjltjlmab. c) Zl mubrtk bpbrtbck, alamabck cj nb saeuajltj fkrdb? „Nks  ourbcks hbl btjlcack mkdk jnjdjltks cj mklvammaýl pbrb hbmjr nbs prjmjcjltjs cjmnbrbmakljs b nks saeuajltjs? ...—. Jstj bpbrtbck mkltjlcrâ ulb sumaltb jxpnambmaýl cj nbs rbzkljs pkr nbs quj hbl cjmnbrbck k rjmhbzbck cjmnbrbr cjtjrdalbcks hjmhks mkdk prkgbcks. j) Zl qualtk bpbrtbck jl jn quj quj hbrâl mklstbr nks almacjltjs bmbjmacks curbltj nb cjnagjrbmaýl, jvatblck tkcb acjltafambmaýl quj rkdpb jn sjmrjtk cj nb dasdb, sbnvk nb mkrrjspklcajltj b nb ljebtavb b vktbr. Jn bmtb sjrâ rjcbmtbcb pkr jn pkrtbvkz, b lk sjr quj casajltb cjn pbrjmjr dbykratbrak, jl muyk mbsk nks ourbcks cjsaelbrâl bn rjcbmtkr. ]a nk sknamatbrb jn pkrtbvkz, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj pkcrâ butkrazbr quj jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab k ul kfamabn nj buxanaj, jstramtbdjltj jl nb mklfjmmaýl k jsmraturbmaýl cjn bmtb. Jl nks dasdks tárdalks pkcrâ sknamatbrnk quajl hbyb sack cjsaelbck rjcbmtkr jl sustatumaýl cj bqujn.

:.5 Pksagnj cjvknumaýl cjn bmtb

Btjlmaýl Jn bmtb sjrâ fardbcb pkr tkcks nks ourbcks, hbmaálcknk jn pkrtbvkz pkr jn quj lk pujcb hbmjrnk pkr sä. ]a bneulk cj nks ourbcks sj ljebrb b fardbr, sj hbrâ mklstbr jl jn bmtb tbn marmulstblmab.

Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjvknvjrâ jn bmtb bn Ourbck sa, b nb vastb cj nb mkpab cj nb dasdb, bprjmabsj bneulb cj nbs saeuajltjs marmulstblmabs? b) Ruj lk sj hb prklulmabck skgrj nb tktbnacbc cj nks hjmhks.  g) Ruj lk sj hb prklulmabck prklulmabck skgrj nb munpbganacbc munpbganacbc k almunpbgaalmunpbganacbc cj tkcks nks bmusbcks y rjspjmtk cj nb tktbnacbc cj nks hjmhks cjnamtavks adputbcks. m) Ruj lk sj hb kgtjlack kgtjlack jl bneulb cj nbs vktbmakljs vktbmakljs skgrj camhks pultks nb dbykräb ljmjsbrab. c) Ruj nks cavjrsks prklulmabdajltks skl mkltrbcamtkraks,  gajl nks rjnbtavks b nks hjmhks cjmnbrbcks prkgbcks jltrj sä,  gajl jn prklulmabdajltk cj munpbganacbc rjspjmtk cj camhb cjmnbrbmaýl cj hjmhks prkgbcks. j) Ruj sj hb almurrack almurrack jl bneÿl cjfjmtk cjfjmtk rjnjvbltj jl jn jn prkmjcadajltk cj cjnagjrbmaýl y vktbmaýl. ]a jn bmtb almnuyjsj nb cjmnbrbmaýl cj prkgbck cj ul hjmhk quj, lk sajlck cj nks prkpujstks pkr jn Dbeastrbck, adpnaquj ulb

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=25

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

bntjrbmaýl sustblmabn cj jstks k cjtjrdalj ulb rjspklsbganacbc dâs erbvj quj nb adputbcb, sj tjlcrâ pkr lk pujstb. Bn tajdpk cj cjvknvjr jn bmtb, mklstatuack jn Sragulbn, bsastack cjn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj  Oustamab y jl prjsjlmab cj nbs pbrtjs, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj jxpnambrâ cjtjlacbdjltj nbs mbusbs quj  oustafambl nb cjvknumaýl y prjmasbrâ nb fkrdb jl quj sj cjgjl sugsblbr nks cjfjmtks cj prkmjcadajltk k nks pultks skgrj nks quj cjgjrâl jdatar lujvks prklulmabdajltks. Cj camhb almacjlmab jxtjlcjrâ jn Njtrbck cj nb bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab nb kpkrtulb bmtb.

:.8 Njmturb cjn vjrjcamtk Jxtjlcacb jn bmtb, nk hbrâl sbgjr bn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj jltrjeâlcknj ulb mkpab. Jstj, sbnvk quj prkmjcb nb cjvknumaýl, mklvkmbrâ b nbs pbrtjs pkr ul djcak quj pjrdatb su aldjcabtb rjmjpmaýl pbrb quj, sjeuacbdjltj, sj njb jn vjrjcamtk jl bucajlmab pÿgnamb pkr jn pkrtbvkz cjn Ourbck.

:.1 Casknumaýl cjn Ourbck y lujvk ouamak krbn ]a cjspuás cj ulb tjrmjrb cjvknumaýl pjrdbljmajsjl sal sugsblbr nks cjfjmtks cjlulmabcks k lk sj hugajsjl kgtjlack nbs ljmjsbrabs dbykräbs, jn Ourbck sjrâ casujntk y sj mklvkmbrâ ouamak krbn mkl ul lujvk Ourbck. ]a mjnjgrbck jn lujvk ouamak lk sj kgtuvajrj ul vjrjcamtk pkr pbrtj cjn c jn sjeulck Ourbck, pkr mubnquajrb cj nbs mbusbs prjvastbs bltjrakrdjltj, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj prkmjcjrâ b casknvjr jn Ourbck y camtbrâ sjltjlmab bgsknutkrab.

:.20 Mjsj cjn Ourbck jl sus fulmakljs Mkdk vadks, njäck jn vjrjcamtk, jn Ourbck mjsbrâ jl sus fulmakljs. Hbstb jsj dkdjltk nks supnjltjs hbgrâl pjrdbljmack b caspksamaýl cjn Sragulbn jl jn nuebr quj sj njs alcaquj.

JN VJWJCAMSK - Kgojtk - Bucajlmab cj nbs pbrtjs - Alstrummakljs b nks ourbcks - Cjnagjrbmakljs cjn Ourbck - Vktbmaýl? ∑

]kgrj nks hjmhks

∑

]kgrj nb munpbganacbc munpbganacbc k lk, lk, rjdasaýl rjdasaýl mklca maklbn cj nb pjlb y pjtamaýl cjn alcuntk.

- Bmtb cj nb vktbmaýl - Pksagnj cjvknumaýl cjn btb - Njmturb cjn vjrjcamtk - Casknumaýl cjn ourbck ourbck y lujvk ouamak krbn - Mjsj cjn ourbck jl sus fulmakljs

=28

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

:.22 ]jltjlmab? Mkltjlack cjn Vjrjcamtk B. Mkltjlack cj nb ]jltjlmab (brt. 50 NKSO) NKSO) Jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj prkmjcjrâ b camtbr sjltjlmab jl nb fkrdb krcjlbcb jl jn brtämunk 738.= cj nb NKPO (js cjmar jlmbgjzbdajltk y sjeuacbdjltj jl pârrbfks sjpbrbcks y ludjrbcks? bltjmjcjltjs cj hjmhk, hjmhks prkgbcks, fulcbdjltks cj cjrjmhk y fbnnk), almnuyjlck, mkdk hjmhks prkgbcks y cjnatk kgojtk cj mklcjlb k bgsknumaýl, jn mkltjlack mkrrjspklcajltj cjn vjrjcamtk. Bsadasdk, sa jn vjrjcamtk fujsj cj munpbganacbc, nb sjltjlmab mklmrjtbrâ nb jxastjlmab cj prujgb cj mbrek jxaeacb pkr nb ebrbltäb mklstatumaklbn cj prjsulmaýl cj alkmjlmab. Nb sjltjlmab, b nb quj sj ularâ jn bmtb cjn Ourbck, sj pugnambrâ y sj brmhavbrâ jl njebn fkrdb, jxtjlcajlck jl nb mbusb mjrtafambmaýl cj nb dasdb. B pbrtar cj bquä, nb NKSO castaleuj sjeÿl jn rjsuntbck cjn vjrjcamtk? -

Vjrjcamtk cj almunpbganacbc (brt. 65 NKSO) ]a jn vjrjcamtk vjrjcamtk fujsj cj almunpbganacbc, almunpbganacbc, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj camtbrâ jl jl jn bmtk sjltjlmab sjltjlmab bgsknutkrab cjn bmusbck b quj sj rjfajrb, krcjlblck, jl su mbsk, nb aldjcabtb pujstb jl nagjrtbc.

-

Vjrjcamtk cj munpbganacbc (brt. 68 NKSO) Mublck jn jn vjrjcamtk vjrjcamtk fujsj fujsj cj munpbganacbc, jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj mklmjcjrâ nb pbnbgrb bn Fasmbn y cjdâs pbrtjs pbrb quj, pkr su krcjl, alfkrdjl skgrj nb pjlb k djcacbs quj cjgj adpkljrsj b mbcb ulk cj nks cjmnbrbcks munpbgnjs y skgrj nb rjspklsbganacbc mavan. Jn alfkrdj sj rjfjrarâ, bcjdâs, b nb mklmurrjlmab cj nks prjsupujstks njebnjs cj nb bpnambmaýl cj nks gjljfamaks cj rjdasaýl mklcamaklbn, sa jn Ourbck hugajrj jdatack ul mratjrak fbvkrbgnj b jstb.

G Bmtb cj nbs sjsakljs (brtämunk 61 NKSO) ]jeÿl jn brt. 61 NKSO? -

Jn Njtrbck cj nb BO jxtjlcjrâ bmtb cj mbcb sjsaýl hbmajlck mklstbr cj fkrdb sumaltb nk dâs rjnjrjnjvbltj cj nk bmbjmack y cj fkrdb natjrbn nbs prktjstbs quj sj fkrdunjl pkr nbs pbrtjs y nbs rjsknumakljs cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj rjspjmtk cj nks almacjltjs quj fujsjl susmatbcks.

-

Jn bmtb sj njjrâ bn falbn cj mbcb sjsaýl, y sj fardbrâ pkr jn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj, nks ourbcks y nks bgkebcks cj nbs pbrtjs.

Bhkrb gajl jn mkltjlack cj jstj prjmjptk cjgj jltjlcjrsj tâmatbdjltj cjrkebck b nuz cjn brt. 7=0.= NKPO Nbs bmtubmakljs krbnjs y vastbs erbgbcbs y ckmudjltbcbs jl skpkrtj caeatbn lk pkcrâl trblsmragarsj. Jnnk rjspklcj bn hjmhk cj quj tbnjs bmtubmakljs krbnjs y vastbs sj rjeastrbrâl jl skpkrtj caeatbn jl nks tárdalks jxaeacks pkr jn matbck brt. 7=0 NKPO.

M. Wáeadjl cj rjmursks b. Mkltrb nbs ]jltjlmabs cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck quj sj mklstatuyj jl jn âdgatk cj nb BP Jl jstks mbsks, nbs sjltjlmabs camtbcbs jl 2ª Alstblmab, skl rjmurragnjs jl bpjnbmaýl bltj nb ]ª cj nk Mavan y Pjlbn cj nks Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab, mkdk ]ª cj nk Pjlbn, jl nks tárdalks ejljrbnjs prjvastks pbrb jstj rjmursk jl nks brts. 836 gas b - 836 gas f cj nb NJMra

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=21

Prkmjcadajltks Prkmjcadajl tks Oucamabnjs. C) Prkmjcadajl Prkmjcadajltk tk Pjlbn. Sjdb :2

]jrâl tbdgaál bpjnbgnjs nks butks camtbcks pkr jn Dbeastrbck-prjsacjltj cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck quj sj camtjl rjsknvajlck mujstakljs b quj sj rjfajrj jn brtämunk =6 cj nb Njy Kreâlamb cjn Sragulbn cjn  Ourbck bsä mkdk jl nks mbsks sjòbnbcks jl jn brtämunk 656 cj nb prjsjltj Njy. Nb ]bnb cj nk Mavan y Pjlbn sj mkdpklcrâ, pbrb mklkmjr cj jstj rjmursk, cj = Dbeastrbcks. Jn jsmratk cj altjrpksamaýl hbgrâ cj prjsjltbrsj cjltrk cj nks 20 cäbs saeuajltjs b nb lktafambmaýl cj nb rjsknumaýl bltj jn prkpak Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj bnjeblck bneulk cj nks saeuajltjs dktavks tbsbcks? b) Ruj jl jn prkmjcadajltk k jl nb sjltjlmab sj hb almurrack jl qujgrbltbdajltk cj nbs lkrdbs y ebrbltäbs prkmjsbnjs, quj mbusbrj alcjfjlsaýl, sa sj hugajrj jfjmtubck nb kpkrtulb rjmnbdbmaýl cj sugsblbmaýl. Jstb rjmnbdbmaýl lk sjrâ ljmjsbrab sa nb alfrbmmaýl cjlulmabcb adpnambsj nb vunljrbmaýl cj ul cjrjmhk fulcbdjltbn mklstatumaklbndjltj ebrbltazbck. B jstks jfjmtks pkcrâl bnjebrsj, sal pjrouamak cj ktrks? µ

nks rjnbmaklbcks jl nks brts. 8:0 y 8:2 NJMra (pbrb jn rjmursk cj mbsbmaýl pkr qujgrbltbdajltk cj fkrdb, kgojtk cj jstucak jl ktrk tjdb) jltjlcaálcksj nbs rjfjrjlmabs b nks Dbeastrbcks cj nks lÿdjrks : y 6 cj jstj ÿntadk mkdk tbdgaál hjmhbs b nks ourbcks9

µ

nb jxastjlmab cj cjfjmtks jl jn vjrjcamtk,

µ

gajl pkr pbrmabnacbc jl jl nbs alstrummakljs cbcbs bn Ourbck k cjfjmtk jl nb prkpksamaýl cjn kgojtk cj bqujn, sajdprj quj cj jnnk sj cjravj alcjfjlsaýl,

µ

gajl pkr mklmurrar dktavks cj nks quj cjgajrbl hbgjr cbck nuebr b su cjvknumaýl bn Ourbck y jstb lk hugajrb sack krcjlbcb.

 g) Ruj nb sjltjlmab hb almurrack jl alfrbmmaýl cj prjmjptk mklstatumaklbn k njebn jl nb mbnafambmaýl ouräcamb cj nks hjmhks k jl nb cjtjrdalbmaýl cj nb pjlb, k cj nbs djcacbs cj sjeuracbc k cj nb rjspklsbganacbc mavan. m) Ruj sj hugajsj sknamatbck sknamatbck nb casknumaýl cjn Ourbck pkr aljxastjlmab aljxastjlmab cj prujgb cj mbrek, y tbn pjtamaýl sj hugajrj cjsjstadbck alcjgacbdjltj. c) Ruj sj hugajsj bmkrcbck nb casknumaýl cjn cjn Ourbck y lk prkmjcajsj hbmjrnk. j) Ruj sj hugajsj vunljrbck jn cjrjmhk b nb prjsulmaýl prjsulmaýl cj alkmjlmab pkrquj, btjlcacb nb prujgb prbmprbmtambcb jl jn ouamak, mbrjmj cj tkcb gbsj rbzklbgnj nb mklcjlb adpujstb. Jl nks supujstks cj nbs njtrbs b), m) y c), pbrb quj pujcb bcdatarsj b trâdatj jn rjmursk, cjgjrâ hbgjrsj fkrdunbck nb kpkrtulb prktjstb bn tajdpk cj prkcumarsj nb alfrbmmaýl cjlulmabcb. Wjmagack jn „jsmratk cj altjrpksamaýl— k ulb vjz mklmnuack jn tárdalk pbrb rjmurrar, jn Njtrbck cj nb Bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab cbrâ trbsnbck b nbs cjdâs pbrtjs, pbrb quj, jl tárdalk cj : cäbs, adpueljl jn rjmursk k fkrdunjl „rjmursk supjcatbck cj bpjnbmaýl—. Falbnazbck jstj pnbzk, jnjvbrâ nks butks y nks jsmratks prjsjltbcks b nb ]ª cj nk Mavan y Pjlbn cjn Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab, y sj jdpnbzbrâ b nbs pbrtjs pbrb quj sj prjsjltjl bltj jnnb jl pnbzk cj 20 cäbs. -

]a jn bpjnbltj lk sj pjrsklbrj, sj cjmnbrbrâ cjsajrtk jn jn rjmursk y sj cjvknvjrâl pkr jn Njtrbck cj nb Bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab nks butks b nb BP, quj cjmnbrbrâ fardj nb sjltjlmab y prkmjcjrâ b su jojmumaýl.

-

Jl mbsk mkltrbrak, jn Njtrbck cj nb Bcdalastrbmaýl cj Oustamab sjòbnbrâ cäb pbrb nb vastb cjn rjmursk matblck b nbs pbrtjs pjrsklbcbs y, jl tkck mbsk, bn mklcjlbck y =¿ rjspklsbgnj mavan, camtâlcksj sjltjlmab jl nb 7ª alstblmab cjltrk cj nks : cäbs saeuajltjs b nb dasdb.

Mkltrb nb sjltjlmab camtbcb jl bpjnbmaýl pkcrâ altjrpkljrsj b su vjz rjmursk cj mbsbmaýl pkr alfrbmmaýl cj Njy k qujgrbltbdajltk cj fkrdb (jx. brt. 835 b) NJMra)

=70

 

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

Jn prkmjsk bltj jn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck

g. Mkltrb nbs ]jltjlmabs cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck quj sj mklstatuyj jl jn âdgatk cjn Sragulbn ]upjrakr cj Oustamab Mbgj altjrpkljr rjmursk cj mbsbmaýl jl nks tárdalks ejljrbnjs cj nb NJMra

m. Mkltrb nbs ]jltjlmabs cjn Dbeastrbck-Prjsacjltj cjn Sragulbn cjn Ourbck quj sj mklstatuyj jl jn âdgatk cjn Sragulbn ]uprjdk Lk mbgj rjmursk bneulk.

jcatkrabn    }         mjp

=72