Esquema Global de Una Refineria

 

D_^TDA D_^ TDAN N HIFEN HI FENI I MD TBN UDJC UDJCBDU BDUCN CN Di prfpÿsctf mdi antdrcni prdsdbtnmf n ofbtcbunocÿb ds cbmconr db jfran hdbdrni, n qud tcpf md prfodsfs ds sfadtcmf di orumf db ubn rdjcbdrán y ofaf ds in sdoudbocn fpdrnocfbni db qud sd mdsnrrfiinb mcogfs prfodsfs. Onmn odbtrf rdjcbnmfr ds pnrtcouinr y ifs prfodsfs qud sd mdsnrrfiinb db ouniqucdr rdjcbdrán sfb md bnturnidzn auy vnrcnmn, pdrf db tãracbfs hdbdrnids, mco mcogfs gfs prfodsfs pudmdb sdr nhrupnmfs md in sch schucdbtd ucdbtd anbdrn< -  [rfodsfs md sdpnrnocÿb Jáscon (Mdonbtnocÿb, mdstcinocÿb). -  [rfodsfs md ]rnbsjfranocÿb f Ofbvdrscÿb (niqucinocÿb, ornqudf). -  [rfodsf md [urcjconocÿb f trntnacdbtf (Mdsuijurnocÿb, mdsgcmrfhdbnocfb) mdsgcmrfhdbnocfb) -  [rfodsf md adzoinmf -  [rfodsf md Nianodbnld y Mcstrceuocÿb. Db jfran hdbdrni, ifs prfodsfs nbtds adbocfbnmfs sd cbtdrofbdotnb dbtrd sc md in schucdbtd anbdrn< Di pdtrÿidf mdsgcmrntnmf, mdsgcmrntnmf, iinanmf orumf db ins rdjcbdráns, sd onicdbtn db ub gfrbf y sd onrhn db ubn ofiuabn md Mdstcinocÿb qud fpdrn n prdscÿb ntafsjãrcon, mfbmd sd sdpnrn db eutnbfs y hns güadmf aîs ichdrf, hnsficbns bf dstnecicznmns, bnjtn pdsnmn, qudrfsdbf, hns-fci pdsnmf y orumf md onedzn f rdscmuf. Di orumf md onedzn sd dbván n ftrf prfodsf, iinanmf tfrrd md vnoáf mfbmd sd sdpnrn db ubn ofrrcd ofrrcdbtd btd supdrcfr md hns-fci md v vnoáf noáf y ubn ofin m md d orumf rdmuocmf. In sdpnrnocÿb md prfmuotfs qud sd ifhrn db dstfs prfodsfs cbcocnids, bf prfmuod onaecfs db in bnturnidzn mdi orumf, scbf qud scapidadbtd ifs gcmrfonreurfs qud if ofbjfranb sd sdpnrnb db jubocÿb md ocdrtfs rnbhfs md tdapdrnturn md deuiicocÿb ins ounids nhrupnb n ifs mcvdrsfs gcmrfonreurfs qud ofapfbdb di pdtrÿidf. Di orumf rdmuocmf, fetdbcmf db in ofiuabn md vnoáf, sd dbván n ubn ubcmnm md ornqudf tãracof f md ofqucznocÿb rdtnrmnmn pnrn prfmuocr hns güadmf, hnsficbn md ofqucznocÿb, hnsÿidf y ofqud (rdscmuf) Ifs hnsÿidfs fetdbcmfs md md ins ubcmnmds md Mdstcinocÿb ntafsjãrcon y md vnoáf, nsá ofaf di prfvdbcdbtd mdi ofqucznmfr (ornqudnmfr tãracof) sd utcicznb ofaf nicadbtnocÿb n ins ubcmnmds md Ornqudf Ontniátcof f mddbOrnqudf ofb gcmrfhdbf. Dstns ubcmnmds vnb n rfapdr ins afiãouins pdsnmns ofapudstfs ouyns tdapdrnturns md md deuiicocÿb ofrrds ofrrdspfbmdb pfbmdb ni cbtdrvnif md in hnsficbn y mdi mdstcinmf ofaeustceid. Dstfs prfodsfs ofrrdspfbmdb n if ifs s p prfodsfs rfodsfs md trnbsjfranocÿb, mfbmd ins afiãouins m md d gcmrfonreurfs sfb rftns y db nihubfs onsfs rdofaecbnmns pfr ins rdnoocfbds prfvfonmns, pnrn nsá fetdbdr prfmuotfs md adlfr onicmnm. Ifs prfmuotfs prfodmdbtds mdi ornqudf ofb gcmrÿhdbf sfb snturnmfs. Ifs prfmuotfs cbsnturnmfs prfvdbcdbtds mdi Ornqudf Ontniátcof sd snturnb y su onicmnm sd adlfrn admcnbtd Udjfranmf Ontniátcof f Gc Gcmrfhdbnocÿb. mrfhdbnocÿb. Ins ofrrcdbtds md hnsficbn prfvdbcdbtds md ins ofiuabns md mdstcinocÿb, mdi Ofqucznmfr y md ins ubcmnmds md Ornqudf sd nicadbtnb n ub Udjfranmfr Ontniátcof, pnrn adlfrnr su büadrf md fotnbfs. Ins hnsficbns Udjfranmns sd dapidnb pnrn dinefrnr ins adzoins pnrn hnsficbns bfranids y dspdocnids.

 

  Ins ofrrcdbtds md hns güadmf md in ubcmnm md Mdstcinocÿb, mdi Ofqucznmfr y md ins ubcmnmds md Ornqudf, sd jrnoocfbnb db in sdoocÿb md rdoupdrnocÿb md vnpfr, db hns ofaeustceid, HI[ (hnsds icounmfs mdi pdtrÿidf, eîsconadbtd prfpnbf), gcmrfonreurfs cbsnturnmfs (prfpcidbfs, eutcidbfs y pdbtdbfs), eutnbf bfrani d csfeutnbf. Di hns ofaeustceid sd dapidn ofaf ofaeustceid db ifs gfrbfs md in rdjcbdrán, di eutnbf bfrani sd csfadrczn db in ubcmnm md Csfadrcznocÿb y db ofblubtf ofb ifs gcmrfonreurfs cbsnturnmfs y di csfeutnbf, prfvdbcdbtd md in rdoupdrnmfrn md vnpfr, sd nicadbtn n in ubcmnm md Niqucinocÿb pnrn in prfmuoocÿb md niqucintfs ifs ounids sd adzoinb ofb ins hnsficbns pnrn prfmuocr hnsficbns dspdocnids pnrn nutfaÿvcids y hnsficbns md nvcnocÿb. Ifs mdstcinmfs admcfs md in ubcmnmds md Mdstcinocÿb, mdi ofqucznmfr y md ins ubcmnmds md ornqudf, sd adzoinb ofb ifs ofaeustceids mcdsdi, Ofaeustceids pnrn rdnotfrds y ofaeustceid pnrn onidjnoocÿb. Di hnsfidf pdsnmf md in ubcmnm md Znoáf y di orumf rdmuocmf md ensd Bnjtdbcon f [nrnjábcon, sd prfodsnb pnrn fetdbdr ins ensds pnrn prdpnrnr ifs nodctds iuerconbtds.. Onmn rdjcbdrcn pfsdd su prfpcf y ubcof dsqudan md prfodsf, di ouni vcdbd mdtdracbnmf pfr di dqucpf mcspfbceid, ofstfs md fpdrnocÿb y mdanbmn md prfmuotf. Di afmdif ÿtcaf md jiulf pnrn ubn rdjcbdrán vcdbd mcotnmf pfr ofbscmdrnocfbds dofbÿacons, dofbÿacons, y bf gny mfs rdjcbdrcns qud sdnb cmdbtcons db sus fpdrnocfbds. Tbn erdvd mdsorcpocÿb md ifs tcpfs md prfodsfs hdbdrnids md ubn rdjcbdrcn ds in schucdbtd< _fb   nqudiifs db [rfodsfs md sdpnrnocÿb Jáscon (Mdonbtnocÿb, mdstcinocÿb)<   _fb ifs ounids sd  sd  nprfvdogn in mcjdrdbocn md mdbscmnmds md ifs ofapfbdbtds  ofapfbdbtds  md in adzoin pnrn fetdbdr in sdpnrnocÿb md ifs ofapfbdbtds. Di pdtrÿidf orumf sd sdpnrn jásconadbtd, admcnbtd Jrnoocfbnacdbtf db tfrrds tfrrds md mdstcinocÿb ntafs ntafsjãrcons jãrcons y md vnoáf, db hrupfs md afiãouins md gcmrfonreurfs ofb mcjdrdbtds cbtdrvnifs md tdapdrnturns md deuiicocÿb, mdbfacbnmfs ’jrnoocfbds‑. Db fonscfbds db ins rdjcbdráns ds   bdodsnrcf sdpnrnr nhun rdanbdbtd db di orumf, in ouni bf jud rdafvcmn db ins cbstninocfbds md onapf. [rfodsfs md ]rnbsjfranocÿb f Ofbvdrscÿb (niqucinocÿb, ornqudf)<   _fb prfodsfs mdstcbnmfs n afmcjconr f rfapdr ins afi afiãouins ãouins md ifs gcmrfonreurfs n jcb md trnsjfranrifs db prfmuotfs md anyfr ntrnotcvf ofadrocni. Ifs prfodsfs md ofbvdrscÿb aîs utcicznmfs pnrn afmcjconr di tnanþf y/f in dstruoturn md ins afiãouins md gcmrfonreurfs, sfb ifs schucdbtds< • Mdsofapfscocÿb (mcvcscÿb) admcnbtd gcmrfornqudf, ornqudf tãracof y ontniátcof, ofqucznocÿb y rupturn md in vcsofscmnm0 • Tbcjconocÿb (ofaecbnocÿb) admcnbtd niqucinocÿb y pficadrcznocÿb0 csfadrcznocÿb y rdjfran ontniátcon, • Nitdrnocÿb (rdotcjconocÿb) ofb csfadrcznocÿb • ]rntnacdbtf. [rfodsf md [urcjconocÿb f trntnacdbtf (Mdsuijurnocÿb, mdsgcmrfhdbnocfb, mdsninocÿb)<  Ftrns fpdrnocfbds md ins rdjcbdráns bdodsnrcns pnrn mnr sfpfrtd ni prfodsnmf dicacbnocÿb md mdi ifs gcmrfonreurfs sfb in rdoupdrnocÿb md rdscmufs ichdrfs0 in

 

nhun nanrhn0 di trntnacdbtf y rdjrchdrnocÿb md rdscmufs sÿicmfs, nhuns rdscmunids y nhun md prfodsf0 in prfmuoocÿb md gcmrÿhdbf0 in rdoupdrnocÿb md nzujrd, y di trntnacdbtf md hnsds îocmfs y hns rdscmuni. Di pdtrÿidf orumf sudid ofbtdbdr nhun, snids cbfrhîbcons, sÿicmfs db suspdbscÿb y trnzns adtîicons sfiueids db nhun. Di prcadr pnsf mdi prfodsf md rdjcbf ofbscstd db dicacbnr dstfs ofbtnacbnbtds admcnbtd mdsnicbcznocÿb (mdsgcmrntnocÿb), n jcb md rdmuocr in ofrrfscÿb, di tnpfbnacdbtf y in jfranocÿb md cborustnocfbds db di dqucpf, y dvctnr di dbvdbdbnacdbtf md ifs ontnicznmfrds db ins ubcmnmds md prfodsf. [rfodsf md adzoinmf