Esol Grammar

Who fs It forP The book is designed primarily, but not exclusively, for adult students studying ESOL at schools and colleges in the United Kingdom. It can be used to support topic- and function-based class work. Alternatively, students can use it for self-study or for their own reference. The rationale underlying the book is to make grammar accessible, relevant and memorable. This is done by making use of step-by-step activities and clear contextualized language.

Level The material takes the Key Grammatical Structures at Entry Levels 1/2 from the Adult ESOL core curriculum as its basis. We know that the language profile of ESOL students at or around ‘pre-intermediate’ level is rarely an exact match for the Adult ESOL core curriculum level specifications. The book therefore attempts to take this ‘spiky profile’ of ESOL classes into account through accessible explanations and graded practice exercises.

Content The book contains 30 units, followed by grammar notes, a database containing vocabulary notes and other information, an answer key and a pronunciation key.

Approach The approach used in ESOL Practice Grammar asks students to infer the pattern or rule from context, rather than making overt statements about the language, to encourage genuine language development The ‘Use in Context’ section in each unit presents the grammar point through a realistic scenario, usually a naturalistic dialogue involving characters that ESOL students can identify with. Students are asked to focus on key elements of the language to help them understand the pattern or rule. Further clarification is provided by referring the students to appropriate grammar notes at the back of the book. A set of exercises practising the grammar point follows each ‘Use in Context’. These exercises are designed to account for differentiation within a class by offering a progressive degree of challenge. Where appropriate, the final exercise personalizes the grammar point with communicative interaction.

I would like to thank Sue Messenger and the ESOL students and teachers in the Skills for Life Department at Central Sussex College. Also thanks to Lin for her support throughout. The writing of a book like this necessarily involves reference to the corpus of published ELT grammar books. In this respect, I would like to acknowledge in particular the work of R Murphy (CUP) and D Beaumont (Macmillan/Heinemann). David King Author

6

am /is / are: the vert? be 1

8

there is / there are / it is / they are: the vert? be 2

11

The present continuous

14

/ / you / we / they: present simple 1

17

he / she / /£r: present simple 2

20

Imperatives

23

Question words

26

can / can't (cannot) / could / couldn't: modal verbs

30

have got

34

some / any: ciuantity 1

38

how much / how many / a lot / a few / a little: ciuantity 2

42

Making plurals: nouns

46

a / an / trAie: articles

49

the: the deFmite article

52

this / that / these / those: demonstratives

55

Pronouns

58

Adjectives

61

Adverbs

64

Prepositions o f time: in / o n / a n d h e 's a t a x i d r i v e r . W e a r e a s m a ll f a m il y o f f o u r p e o p le . O u r s o n is e i g h t a n d o u r l i t t l e g i r l is o n ly f iv e . O u r f a m ilie s a r e n ' t in E n g la n d — t h e y ' r e in S r i L a n k a . S o m e tim e s l i f e i s n 't e a s y b u t w e 'r e h a p p y ."

Complete this table and then check your answers on page 123. | 1 You He She It We They

Verb

Negative form

long form

I’m not

1am You are

You’re He’s

She is

/ You’re not He isn’t She isn’t

It’s We are They’re

Complete this table with answers to the questions. JI Answers Are you happy? Are you single? Are you a student? Are you English? How old are you? Where are you from? Is your friend English? Is your friend single? Is your car new? Is your car very old? Are your children very young? Are your parents in England?

Unit 1: am / /s

/ are

Yes, 1am. No, I’m not. Yes, _________ . No. I’m from Yes. she is. No. No. it Yes. Yes. the v No.

We aren’t / We’re not /

,

Practice Circle the correct option. They isn’t /{aren^}American.

a I’m not / I amn’t married.

g I’m / I is sorry I’m / 1is late.

b Food in England isn’t /aren’t cheap.

h My girlfriend has / is 22 years old.

c The teacher is /a re ill today.

i We ’re / We’m students at the college.

d My name am / is Magda.

j Is/A re your friend English?

e The weather in England isn’t/a re n ’t very hot.

k What is / are the capital city of your country?

1 Buses and trains in England isn’t / aren’t cheap.

Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right. a What’s your name? —

i 1 I’m a chef.

b Are you English?

2 This is my wife, Nasra.

c Where are you from? d How old are you? e Are you single?

\

3 I’m 31.

\

4 No, I’m married. \

5 It’s 34a Park Street.

f What’s your job? g Who is this?

\ 6 x.

I’m from Turkey.

7 She’s Syrian.

h What’s her nationality?

8 My name’s Ismail.

i What’s your address?

9 No, I’m not.

Write the correct form of be. ‘‘Hello, my name’s Myra. I (a ______ a student in an English class at the local college. My English

1b)______ very good, but I like my class because my teacher ( c ) _______ very nice! I (d )_______ 36 years old and I (e )______ from Pakistan. I ( f ) _______ not single, I (g )_______ married. My husband’s name

h) _____ Amir. He T : _______ 40 and he ( J ) _______ a driver for a supermarket.

4

Our children’s names (k )______ Adel and Answa. They V;_

pupils at the local primary school. They

m )______ good at English - much better than me! We n _

very rich but we (o';______ happy!”

Work with a classmate. Talk about yourself, your friends and family. For example: A: My name’s Youssef. I’m 28 and I’m a cook. What’s your job? B: I’m a bus driver.

Unit' Is am / /s

/ are

there fs / there are / ft fs / th e y a r e

the verb be z

Database \Z Cheng is talking about the street where he lives.

-> v ij

When do we use there fe / there are / It is / they areP (p a g e B€>)

Complete these sentences. 1 ___________

lots of families with young

children in our street.

2 ___________ all very friendly. 3 ___________ a supermarket. 4 ___________

a big shop with everything I need.

Look at the pictures and answer the B t f i questions using there are. Are there any shops in picture 1?

Are there any shops in picture 2?

8

U n it Si th e re is / th e re a r e / i t is / th e y a r e

'V liv e in a t?usy s t r e e t n e a r th e c it y c e n tre . T h e re a r e l o t s o f fa m ilie s w it h y o u n g c h ild r e n in o u r s t r e e t . T h e y a r e a ll v e r y f r ie n d ly . A t t h e e n d o f th e ro a d th e re a re s o m e s h o p s . There? s a s u p e r m a r k e t . I t ' s a b ig s h o p w it h e v e r y t h in g I n e e d . T h e r e 's a p u b a n d a c a f e . T h e r e 's a ls o a p o s t o f f i c e a n d a c a s h p o in t . T h e r e is n 't a c in e m a n e a r m y h o u s e b u t t h e r e 's a b ig o n e in t h e c i t y c e n t r e . s o i t is n 't f a r . T h e r e a r e a lw a y s l o t s o f c a r s p a r k e d in o u r s t r e e t . I t ' s a b ig p r o b le m ."

Circle the correct option. Thereby are a sandwich in the fridge.

a There is / are a car outside.

b There is /are three eggs in the fridge. c There is / are some / any new students in our class.

d There isn’t /are n’t a phone in my flat. e There isn’t / aren ’t some / any shops near here.

f There’s / There are some / any people in the office. g Are /Is there some/any good films on at the cinema?

Look at the picture and make sentences with there is / there are.

There. V a te.le.vi£io»\ in the corner. a ____________________________________ on the wall.

b _______________________________________ on the television. c ________________________________________ under the chair.

d ___________________________________________ on the table. e __________________________________________under the table.

f __________________________________________on the floor. g _____________________________________________ under the television.

Unitr Si there /s / there are / /tr /s / they are

Match the sentences. a There’s a TV in my bedroom.

1 It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk from here.

b There’s a bus stop at the end of this road. \

2 He’s my brother.

c There are some people outside. d There are some keys on the floor.

3 They are very good at English.

\

e There are only four women in my class. f

4 It’s a little shop. It sells cigarettes.

\

There’s a post office in the town centre.

\

5 It’s not far. 6 It’s old and the picture isn’t very good.

g There’s a boy in the photo.

7 I think they are police officers.

h There’s a newsagent’s on the corner.

8 They’re mine.

Work with a classmate. Talk about the place where you live: the town, the street, and the house, flat or room. For example:

A: There’s a supermarket in my town. There isn’t a cinema. B: Are there lots of young people in your street?

Think of your bedroom. Quickly draw the room and the things in it. Show your partner your drawing and ask and answer questions. For example:

A: Where is the desk? B: It’s under the window, next to the bed.

U n ft 2: th e re fs / th e re a r e / f t fs / th e y a r e

The present continuous

G 7Database I It’s Tuesday morning. What are they doing? Cheng is talking. Look at the green words. T o d a y I'm l e a r n in g E n g lis h . R a fic i is w o r k in g . A m ir i s n 't w o r k in g . H e 's lo o k in g f o r a Jo b . Jey a a n d Deva a re rft w o rk in g . T h e y 'r e s h o p p in g . M a g d a is n 't te a c h in g . S h e 's m o v in g h o u s e . I t ' s s u n n y t o d a y . I t i s n 't r a in in g .

She's moving house

How do we use m the present oontinuoueP ( page BB)

Complete the words in this table. 1am (I’m)

I’m not

learning English.

You are (You’re)

You aren’t

work

He

(He’s)

He

look

foraiob.

She

(She

She

mov

house.

It

rain

We are (We’re)

We aren’t

shop

They____ (They )

They

studv

It

I j

)

.... (It )

How do we write the ~ing form of these verbs? 1 shop = shopp_______ 2 move = mov 3 study = study_______

Complete these questions. 1 What_______ you do_____?

4 _______ she mov_____ house?

2 ____ you study____ ?

5 When_______ we eat_____ ?

3______ he look_____ for a job?

6 Where_____ they shop_____ ?

U nit 3: The presen t continuous

11

Practice Write the ~ing forms of these verbs. speak

a talk

b live

c work

d get

e take

f walk

g move

h drive

i

j use

k study

I shop

m speak

n have

o do

p phone

q go

r listen

s eat

t stay _

come

Complete these questions and sentences. What (kre. you doi ^ ? (do)

a She______________ television, (watch) b Where_______ he ________ ? (go)

e Amir is in bed. He_____________ . (work) f ____ you __________ the computer? (use)

c I ________________ my mother, (phone) g They________________ house this week, (move) d It _________________ to rain, (start)

3

12

h We________________ a party, (have)

Look at picture A. What are the people doing?

Unit; 3: The present? continuous

Winston iz d rirO d r^ a.

4

cia^

o-f w\d.

Where do you come from?

a Do you like the weather here?

____________________

b How many languages do you speak?

____________________

c Do you like English f

o

o

d

?

____________________

d Where do you work?

____________________

e Do you live in a flat or a house?

____________________

f Do you drive a car in England?

____________________

Complete the questions to match the answers. What kind of food do you I ilce. ?

a Where_________________ shopping?

I like Chinese food.

I go shopping in the city centre.

b What_________________ at the weekend?

I go out with my friends at the weekend.

c _________________ any sports?

No, I don’t.

d Who_________________ with? e What time_________________ ? f _______ _________ the cooking at home?

g What_________________ for lunch?

I live with my family. I get up at 7.30. Yes, I usually do the cooking at home. I usually have a sandwich.

Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about the things they usually do. For example: A: What do you do at the weekend? B: I usually go shopping and meet my friends.

Unft

/ / you / w e / they

15 1

he / she / It p re se n t sim ple 2 Database 14 D o e s R a f ic i w o r k ? Y e s . h e d o e s . Me d r iv e s a t a x i. W h a t d o e s A m ir d o r * A m ir d o e s n 't g o t o w o r k . H e d o e s n 't h a v e a Job . M o s t d a y s , h e g o e s in to to w n . W h a t d o e s M a g d a d o r9 S he t e a c h e s a t t h e u n iv e r s ity . D o e s i t r a i n a l o t in E n g la n d P Y e s , i t d o e s .

How do we use the present simple with he / ■ She / / 6 ? (p a g e 9 6 )

□

Complete the words in this table. He drives He has

a taxi, a job.

He does not (doesn’t) drive He (doesn’t) ------------

uJ

She.

She

It

It

(doesn’t) teach (

) rain

at university. a lot in England.

Complete these questions and answers. 1_____ Rafiq work? 2 Does Amir_____ a job? 3 Where_____ Magda teach? 4 _____ it rain a lot in England?

Yes, he __

. He drives a taxi.

No, he doesn’t. She______ at the university. Yes, it _____ .

U nit 5: he / she / i t

17

Write the he, she and it forms of these verbs by adding ~s or ~es. work w o rk *

a like

b teach

c study

d rain

e drive

f QO

g fly

h learn

i

1 do

k carry

1 read

m live

n finish

o cry

p listen

q come

r wash

s buy

t take

move

How do we say the verbs ending in ~s or ~es? Complete the verbs from Practice 1 in the correct category. one sound I ike.*, r < K d ________, g________ , f ________, I________ , m________ , d________ , r ________, I________, c________ , c________ , b________ , t ________

two sounds

feAche.£, st________, c________ , I________ , w________ three sounds f ______

Circle the correct option. She teach /({eache^at the university.

a He always come / comes late. b Does/Do Hamid like tea? c Jeya don’t/doesn’t like her job.

d Does she has/have breakfast every day? e What time does he usually gets / get up? f Amir doesn ’t play / plays football. g When do / does the film start / starts? h Takes he/Does he take sugar in his tea? i My son listens not / doesn’t listen to me.

Unit?S: he / s h e / ft:

Rafiq is a taxi driver. Read about his typical day. “When I take people to the airport I get up at 5 o’clock, but I usually get up at 7 o’clock. I usually work in the city centre. I have a quick breakfast, drive into the city centre and start work at about 8 o’clock. I usually have a coffee break at about 10.30 and I go to a cafe for lunch at 1.00.1take about 45 minutes for lunch. I finish work at about 6.00, but when it is busy I work late and I get up later the next day. Sometimes I don’t get home until 10.00 and I don’t have dinner. I like my work. It’s very interesting. ”

Now complete the text about Rafiq’s typical day using h e ... When he. t a X e £ people to the airport (a )_____________at 5 o’clock but b ___________________ at 7 o’clock. ■c ) __________________ in the city centre, (d )_______________ a quick breakfast,

(e )__________________ into the city centre and (?)_______________ work at about 8 o’clock. (g )______________________ a coffee break at about 10.30 and (h )_______________ to a cafe for lunch at 1.00. (T )______________ about 45 minutes for lunch. 0 ___________________ work at about 6.00 but when it is busy (k )______________ late and

(T)_______________ later the next day.

Sometimes m ______________________ home until 10.00 and ( n ) ___________________ dinner.

(o )______________ his work. It’s very interesting. Now write a short paragraph about a friend or family member using the third person. Use the paragraph about Rafiq as a guide. For example: ^he

w ^iArtJIy ^ e .t£ wp

how ^e.

7 . 3 0 , *he. \\(page97) Complete these examples. We often use have got to talk about: • • • •

illn e ss- I've. ^o± a bad headache. family - _____________a son and a daughter. shopping - ____________ any milk, coffee or eggs? things we have - ____________ a new house._____________ three bedrooms and a garden. I/You/W e/They

h a v e /’ve have not/haven’t

H e /S h e /It

h a s /’s has not / hasn’t

a headache. a daughter. a house. a garden.

got

Complete these questions and answers using have got.

30

1 ____ you _______any children?

Yes, I __

2 ____ she_______ any children?

No, she _

Unit 9: have gov

Practice Circle the correct form. (FvTgop/1 do have two brothers.

a They don’t have got / haven’t got many friends. b He has got /have got a new car. c Do you got/Have you got backache? d Have you got the time, please? Yes, I have got /have, e The house doesn’t got / hasn’t got a garage. f Has she got a mobile phone? No, she hasn’t / hasn’t got. g Do you know if they’s g o t/the y’ve got any children? h Has he got /Have he got a cold? i I think he is / has got a dog.

2

Look at these pictures. What’s the matter with these people? (See Database 13, pages 116-117.),

Hc.V ^ o t b^ck^che..

a

U nit 9: have g o t

31

f

3

Complete these questions and answers. A: Have. you q o t any sisters? B: Yes, I tave.. I've, ^ o t one.

a A : _______________ any brothers? B: Yes, I __________ . __________ three.

32

Unit 9t have g o t

b A : ________________ any eggs? B: Yes, we __________ . c A: _______________ a house? B: Yes, she _________ . ___________ a nice house. d A: _______________ a garden? B: No, it __________ a garden. e A : _______________ a girlfriend? B: No, I __________ . f A : _______________ an iPod? B: No, he _________ . g A : _______________ flu? B: No, they__________ .

Complete these sentences with the correct form of have ( ’ve) / haven’t / has ( ’s) / hasn’t g o t She's