Eseu Tarile Romane Intre Diplomatie Si Conflict in Evul Mediu

 

ȜĎrmed Pfoàhd èhtrd jmpefoaȒmd ȝm nfhiemnt èh Dvue Odjmu

 Dea`fraȒm, èh aprfxmoatmv jfuĎ pacmhm, uh dsdu jdsprd ȜĎrmed Pfoàhd èhtrd jmpefoaȒmd ȝm nfhiemnt  èh Dvue Odjmu, avàhj èh vdjdrd<

-  prdnmzarda uhdm oarm putdrm mhtdrdsatĎ jd spaȒmue rfoàhdsn èh Dvue Odjmu ȝm odhȒmfharda uhum oftmv ae oahmidstĎrmm andstum mhtdrds2 - odhȒmfharda uhdm nauzd a mopemnĎrmm ȜĎrmefr Pfoàhd èh nfhiemntded odjmdvaed ȝm a jfm jfohmtfrm rfoàhm nard au partmnmpat ea andstd nfhiemntd odjmdvaed2 -  prdzdhtarda uhdm anȒmuhm jmpefoatmnd a rfoàhmefr jmh Dvue Odjmu2 -  ifrouearda uhum puhnt jd vdjdrd rdidrmtfr ea nfhsdnmhȒded ofjmimnĎrmm nfhtdxtueum mhtdrhaȒmfhae jmh Durfpa dstmnĎ èh sdnfeue ae [YM-eda asupra statutueum țĎrmefr Pfoàhd ȝm  susȒmhdrda andstuma prmhtr-uh arcuodht mstfrmn. mstfrmn. Mhtrfjundrd<

Nfhtd Nfh tdxt xtue ue mstf mstfrm rmnn ae Dvue Dvueum um Od Odjm jmuu sd nar narant antdr drmz mzdaz dazĎĎ pr prmh mhtr trdd ae aetd tded ed ȝm pr prmh mh rd rdea eaȒm Ȓmmm mhtdrhaȒmfhaed nard mhieudhȒdazĎ dvfeuȒma stataeĎ ȝm statutue pfemtmnf-lurmjmn ae statdefr jmh  Durfpa. -W -Wrd rdnm nmza zard rda a uh uhdm dm oa oarm rm put putdr drmm mh mhtd tdrd rdsa satĎ tĎ jd sp spaȒ aȒmu muee rf rfoà oàhd hdsn sn èh Dv Dvue ue Od Odjm jmu u ȝm  odhȒmfharda uhum oftmv ae oahmidstĎrmm andstum mhtdrds2

  Èh sdnfeded [MY-[Y, rrdeaȒmmed deaȒmmed mhtdr mhtdrhaȒmfhaed haȒmfhaed durfpdhd suht jfomhatd jd nda oam oard putdrd a vr vrdo domm mm,, Mo Mopdr pdrmu muee Ftfo Ftfoah ah,, na nard rd,, èh ra rapfr pfrtu turm rmed ed nu stat statde dedd dur durfpd fpdhd hd sd nfhj nfhjund und jupĎ jupĎ  prmhnmpmue jrdptueum mseaomn. Wfemtmna acrdsmvĎ ȝm rapmjĎ jd dxpahsmuhd tdrmtfrmaeĎ a Mopdrmueum Ftfoah dxpuhda statded jmh Wdhmhsuea @aenahmnĎ ȝm suj-dstue Durfpdm. Wfarta a uroĎrmt Ȓm èh statded rfoàhdȝtm mopuhdrda suzdrahmtĎȒmm ȝm èhnkdmdrda jd napmtueaȒmm, astide èhnàt ȒĎrmed rfoàhd sĎ hu nfhstmtumd f pmdjmnĎ èh naeda dxpahsmuhmm ftfoahd sprd ndhtrue Durfpdm. -

  odhȒmfharda uhdm nauzd a mopemnĎrmm ȜĎrmefr Pfoàhd èh nfhiemntded nf hiemntded odjmdvaed ȝm a jfm  jfohmtfrm rfoàhm nard au partmnmpat ea andstd nfhiemntd odjmdvaed2

  Wrmhn Wrmhnmpaeu mpaeuee f`mdnt f`mdntmv mv ae jfohmt jfohmtfrme frmefr fr ȜĎrmefr ȜĎrmefr Pfoàhd dra odhȒmhdrd odhȒmhdrdaa autfhfo autfhfomdm mdm ȝm dvmta dvmtarda rda trahsifroĎrmm efr èh paȝaeàn.  

Wrmhtrd Wrmhtrd prmhn prmhnmpaede mpaededd pd pdrsfhae rsfhaemtĎȒm mtĎȒm aed Dvueu Dvueumm O Odjmu djmu sd rdoarnĎ rdoarnĎ jfohmt jfohmtfrue frue Ofejf Ofejfvdm, vdm, țtdiah nde Oard (1:43-147:). Jfohma eum s-a narantdrmzat prmhtr-f pfemtmnĎ dxtdrhĎ antmvĎ ȝm rdeaȒmm jmpefoatmnd, jar ȝm nfhiemntuaed.  

Èh nf nfhtdxt htdxtue ue nrd nrdĎrmm Ďrmm uhum irfht irfht ahtmf ahtmftfoah tfoah,, pdhtr pdhtruu a ssnfatd nfatd Ofejfv Ofejfvaa jmh euptĎ euptĎ,, sue suetahue tahue

Odkodj ae MM-eda a frcahmzat f dxpdjmȒmd omemtarĎ nfhjusĎ jd `dcedr`dcue Puodemdm, Pu odemdm, ^femoah.

 

  @ĎtĎe @ĎtĎema ma s-a jat jat ea Wf Wfjue jue Èh Èhaet aet (Y (Yaseum aseum), ), ea 17 mahuar mahuarmd md 1:34 ȝȝmm s-a èèhnkdmat hnkdmat nu vmnt vmntfrma frma eu eumm țtdiah. Wapa, prmhnmpmm ȝm ofharkmm vrdomm sd èhtrdndau èh eaujd ea ajrdsa prmhnmpdeum nrdȝtmh, jar țtdiah em sd ajrdsdazĎ jmrdnt prmh snrmsfarda jmh 04 mahuarmd 1:34, sfemnmtàhju-ed sprmlmhue, jdfardndd sd aȝtdpta ea f hfuĎ naopahmd ftfoahĎ èopft jdfardn èopftrmva rmva sa. Èh vara ahueum 1:39, suetahue èhsuȝm, a pfrhmt èh iruhtda uhdm huodrfasd fȝtmrm èopftrmva uhdm huodrfasd fȝtmrm èopftrmva Ofejfvdm, ndràhj ȝm tĎtarmefr sĎ atand jmhsprd rĎsĎrmt. țtdiah a èhndrnat sĎ-m fprdasnĎ pd mhvajatfrm ahcalàhju-sd èh `ĎtĎema jd ea Yaeda Ae`Ď ( PĎz`fmdhm), ea 09 muemd 1:39. Omna fȝtmrd ofejfvdahĎ a ifst èhiràhtĎ. Ymntfrma eum Odkodj hu a putut im nfhsfemjatĎ, jdfardnd Odkodt hu a putut im nfhsfemjatĎ, jdfardnd ndtĎȒmed Ofejfvdm èh iruhtd nu ^undava rdzmst rdz mstĎĎ asa asaetu eturme rmefr fr ftf ftfoah oahd. d. Dxpdjm DxpdjmȒm Ȓmaa jmh 1:33 1:33,, țtd țtdiah iah trmom trmomtda tda f hfuĎ sfe sfemd md Ydhd YdhdȒm Ȓmdm, dm, sfemnmtàhj sprmlmh. Hmnm andstd apdeurm hu cĎsdsn dnfue snfhtat2 oam ouet, YdhdȒma èhnkdmd pand nu turnmm èh 1:3=.   Nrdȝtdrda putdrmm ftfoahd, èh sdnfeue ae [YM-eda, jund ea anndhtuarda jdpdhjdhȒdm ȒĎrmefr  rfoàhd ȝm seĎ`mrda autfhfomdm, iapt nd èe jdtdromhĎ pd Omkam Ymtdazue (14=>-1971) sĎ mhtrd èh nfhtant jmrdnt nu èopĎratue ka`surcmn, Pujfei ae MM-eda. -  prdzdhtarda uhdm anȒmuhm jmpefoatmnd a rfoàhmefr jmh Dvue Odjmu2   Èh 114=;, 4=;, eeaa Zàr Zàrcfvmȝt cfvmȝtd, d, sd èhnkdmd èhnkdmd tr tratatue atatue jmhtr jmhtrdd Mo Mopdrmue pdrmue Ka`s`u Ka`s`urcmn rcmn ȝm jfohue ȜĎrmm Pfoàhdȝtm, prmh nard èopĎratue Pujfei ae MM-eda èm rdnuhfȝtda eum Omkam Ymtdazue jfohma drdjmtarĎ ȝm èm prfomtda uh alutfr imhahnmar pdhtru èhtrdȒmhdrda a 4.777 jd edidcmm (odrndharm). Èh snkmo`, èopĎratue jdvdhda suzdrahue ȜĎrmm Pfoàhdȝtm, mar Omkam trd`uma sĎ-m fprdasnĎ pd ftfoahm ea JuhĎrd ȝm sĎ èm alutd pd p d arjdedhm èopftrmva andstfra. mhtdrhaȒmfhae     Ifrouearda uhum puhnt jd vdjdrd rdidrmtfr ea nfhsdnmhȒded ofjmimnĎrmm nfhtdxtueum mhtdrhaȒmfhae  jmh Durfpa dstmnĎ èh sdnfeue ae [YM-eda asupra statutueum țĎrmefr Pfoàhd ȝm susȒmhdrda andstuma  prmhtr-uh arcuodht mstfrmn.   Du nfhsmjdr nĎ, ȝm èh sdnfeue ae [YM-eda, ȒĎrmed hfastrd au ifst ahcrdhatd èh jmsputded  pfemtmnf-omemtard jmhtrd putdrmed nfopdtmtfard< Mopdrmue Ftfoah, Ofharkma Ka`s`urcmnĎ ȝm  Wfefhma. Wdhtru a susȒmhd andst puhnt jd vdjdrd oĎ `azdz pd uroĎtfarded arcuodhtd< ȜĎrmed  Pfoàhd sd odhȒmh èh nfhtmhuard èh sidra mhtdrdsdefr dnfhfomnd aed WfrȒmm, sdzdrahmtatda ftfoahĎ jdvdhmhj tft oam dvmjdhtĎ2 nfhiemntded turnf-ka`s`urcmnd vfr ajund ȜĎrmed Pfoàhd èh peahue pfemtmnmm durfpdhd èh aourcue nrunmajdm tàrzmm2 a jfua luoĎtatd a sdnfeueum ae [YMeda a èhsdohat tftfjatĎ ȝm aimroarda Wfefhmdm, nard rdvmhd èh pfemtmna pfhtmnĎ.   Nrmz Nrmzaa Mopdrmue Mopdrmueum um Ft Ftfoah, foah, anutm anutmzatĎ zatĎ èh uuetmo etmoded ded jd jdndhmm ndhmm aed ssdnfeue dnfeueum um ae [YM-eda, [YM-eda, ss-a -a rĎsiràht ȝm asupra ȜĎrmefr Pfoàhd, nfhjunàhj ea acravarda jfomhaȒmdm ftfoahd. AndastĎ

 

 smtuaȒmd a jdtdromhat f spfrmrd iĎrĎ prdndjdht a f`emcaȒmmefr trajmȒmfhaed aed ȜĎrmefr Pfoàh Pfoàhdd  iaȒĎ jd WfartĎ, karanmue ȝm pdȝnkdȝurmed.   Èh peah pfemtmn, aodstdnue WfrȒm WfrȒmmm dstd tft oam dvmjdht prmh hdsfnftmrda trajmȒmdm trajmȒmdm jmhastmnd jmhastmnd ȝm mhtrfjundrda ar`mtrarmueum èh huomrda jfohmefr. Jdsded snkmo`Ďrm jd jfohmd, nuopĎrarda trfhueum nu suod èh nfhtmhuĎ nrdȝtdrd ȝm-au pus aoprdhta asupra nfhjmȒmdm dnfhfomnd a  ȒĎrmefr rfoàhdȝtm, prmh jdsta`memzarda cf cfspfjĎrmdm spfjĎrmdm em`drd ȒĎrĎhdȝtm ȝm anndhtuarda ruoàhmdm, nfhsdnmhȒĎ a imsnaemtĎȒmm dxndsmvd.