Escultura de Unas

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

 HA\@J = @sdujturf i` uöfs

@h `stf uhaifi fpr`hi`r`kbs f...  



Dbhbd`r jfs iastahtfs tádhadfs i` `sdujturf y fpjadfdaôh i` prôt`sas i` uöfs. \fjbrfr jf tádhadf kæs fi`dufif i` fdu`rib dbh jfs dfrfdt`rëstadfs i` jfs uöfs sbmr` jfs qu` s` vf f trfmfgfr. ]`fjazfr dbrr`dtfk`ht` jfs iastahtfs tádhadfs i` `sdujturf y fpjadfdaôh i` prôt`sas i` uöfs.

Q `stuiafr`kbs...       

Jf castbraf i` jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs. Jf i`lahadaôh i` dfif kátbib. Fhæjasas y dbhtrfahiadfdabh`s dbhtrfahiadfdabh`s i` dfif s`rvadab. Jbs dbskátadbs y ÷taj`s `kpj`fibs. _r`pfrfdaôh i` jf jækahf uhnu`fj. Yádhadfs i` fpjadfdaôh i` dfif tádhadf. Kbifs y ÷jtakfs t`hi`hdafs.

Futbr`s7 @stc`r ]bdcf, Gufh _`irb Jfrf y _rfib Nôk`z

6|=6

 

Castbraf af i`j i`j frt` i` `sdujpar `sdujpar uöfs 6. Castbr  Hu`strfs uöfs sbh dbkb uhf dfrtf i` pr`s`htfdaôh y hbs pu`i`h i`lahar. F v`d`s `s dbkpjadfi dbkpj adfib b t`h`r t`h`r uhfs uöfs akp`dfmj`s akp`dfmj`s,, ma`h pbr lfjtf i` ta`kpb, pbrqu` hb sbh sulada`ht`k`ht` iurfs, r`sast`ht`s b lj`xamj`s. _br `stf rfzôh jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs s` cfh mbbk

dbhv`rtaib `h uh v`rifi`rb

`h tbib `j kuhib.

Dfif p`rsbhf `s ial`r`ht` y ta`h` iastahtfs h`d`saifi`s pbr `sb `s drudafj dbhbd`r jfs  pbsamajaifi`s i` dfif tádhadf pfrf sftaslfd`r jf i`kfhif i`j dja`ht`. Jf `sdujturf i` uöfs `s uhb i` jbs s`rvadabs kæs i`kfhifibs `h `j kuhib i` jf `státadf y sbh prbd`sbs qu` `stæh `h dbhtahuf `vbjudaôh pbr jb qu` r`qua`r`h uhf lbrkfdaôh dbhtëhuf. dbhtëhuf. @j bran`h i` jfs uöfs sahtátadfs puib t`h`r junfr `h @naptb yf qu` lfrfbh`s y n`ht` i` jf kæs fjtf `sdfjf sbdafj usfmfh uöfs i` brb uhaifs f fhajjbs. Fsëkaskb s` `stfmj`daô uh dôianb i`p`hia`hib i` dôkb s` i`dbrfmfh jfs uöfs, sa `stfmfh kfquajjfifs i` dbjbr`s vavbs jf p`rsbhf qu` jfs judëf p`rt`h`dëf f jf lfkajaf r`fj y sa `rfh dbjbr`s fpfnfibs dbrr`spbhiëfh f `sdjfvbs. Yfkmaáh `h Dcahf, jbs s`öbr`s pbi`rbsbs i` jf ápbdf, i`gfmfh dr`d`r sus uöfs b s` fpjadfmfh kft`rafj`s dbkb djfrf i` cu`vb, d`rf b n`jftahf  pfrf dbhs`nuar jbhnatui`s i` uöfs dbhsai`rfmj`s pbrqu` `stfs r`pr`s`htfm r`pr`s`htfmff pbi`r, futbraifi b uh rfhnb sup`rabr. Cby `h iëf `xast`h iastahtbs sast`kfs y fdfmfibs i` `sdujpaibs i` uöfs, `stf trfiadaôh frrfhdf f prahdapabs prahdapabs i` jf iádfif i` jbs dahdu`htf dahdu`htf akpujsfib pbr fdtrad`s i` Cbjjywbbi. @s `h jbs föbs s`s`htf dufhib uh i`htastf `stfibuhai`hs` i`sdumr` jfs  prbpa`ifi`s i`j fdrëjadb pfrf jfs uöfs. Jfs prak`rfs s` r`fjazfrbh dbh pbjëk`rb i`htfj  p`rb dbkb `stb p`rguiadfmf f jf uöf hfturfj dbh `j ta`kpb s` sustatuy`rbh pbr r`sahfs fdrëjadfs y pr`pfrfibs i` n`j.

²Tfmëfs qu`…2 @j `stfib i` jfs uöfs i`p`hi` i`j `stfib aht`rhb i`j brnfhaskb, `j `quajamrab ka kah` h`rf rfjj y jf dbrr dbrr`d `dtf tf fjak`htfdaôh. @j dfm`jjb y jfs uöfs sbh  prbjbhnfdabh`s qu`rftahazfifs i` jf prbpaf pa`j.

@h jbs föbs s`t`htf jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs b uöfs frtaladafj`s s` dbhva`rt`h `h uh s`rvadab kuy pbpujfr, `sp`dëladb `h jbs sfjbh`s i` m`jj`zf qu` dbka`hzf `h @stfibs Phaibs y \bdfmujfrab i`si` fjjë s` `xta`hi` fj r`stb i`j kuhib. Fuhqu` jf kbif prbva`h` i` Hbrt`fkáradf, cfstf cfd` fjnuhbs föbs `j k`rdfib `stuvb ibkahfib pbr jbs fsaætadbs qu` utajazfmfh kft`rafj`s i` kfjf dfjaifi prbv`ha`ht`s i` Dcahf y \a`thfk, jb qu` prbvbdô_bjëk`rb7 qu` quëkadbs Tbhdbkpu`st Tbhdbkpu`stbs hfturfj lbrkfibs bs i`bran`htfhtb @stfibs Phaibs `kp`zfrf f prbiudar fdrëjadbs i` k`gbr dfjaifi. Föbs i`spuás fpfr`d` dbkb ahhbvfdaôh `j n`j i` jækpfrf b n`j ujtrfvabj`tf. Jbs prak`rbs tfrifmfh kudcb `h dbkb sahtádb, s`dfr i`maib f jf jækpfrf, dfkmafhib `j sast`kf `j r`sujtfib lu` uh s`dfib kæs ræpaib pbr kbjádujfs i`

y `j p`nfib kæs s`hdajjb. Kæs tfri` s` vfh kbialadfhib jfs tádhadfs ahadaæhibs` jf nrfh tfkföb, dbhbdaifs dbkb kfdrbkbjádujf i`dbrfdaôh i` uöfs.

6. 6.6. 6. @sd @sdujt ujturf urf i` uöfs uöfs dbh fdr fdrëja ëjadb db b pbr pbrd`j d`jfhf fhf

Kbhôk`rb7 sbh jbs dbkpu`stbs i` mfgb p`sb kbj`dujfr f pfrr i` jbs dufj`s s` bm

Jf prak`rf tádhadf i` `sdujpaib i` uöfs qu` fpfr`d` `h `j k`rdfib `s jf i` uöfs i`  pbrd`jfhf b `sdujpaifs `h fdrëjadb y sanu` sa`hib jf kæs dbhbdaif y sbjadatfif pbr jbs dja`ht`s. I`spuás vfh surna`hib hu`vfs tádhadfs dbh prbiudtbs iastahtbs qu` fpbrtfh btrfs v`htfgfs dbkb `j fsp`dtb hfturfj, jf lj`xamajaifi, duaifib i` sbpbrt`s uöfs, átd.b mfs`s i` fpbyb qu` s` fifptfh p`rl`dtfk`ht` f jf uöf p Yap7 sbh uhbs @j kft`rafj qu` s` utajazf `s jf k`zdjf i` uh dbkpu`stb fdrëjadb i` bran`h sahtátadb7 uh  pbjvb pbjëk`rb, (m`hzbj, p`rôxaib, iaôxaib, sëjad`, tatfhab) dbh uh jëquaib kbhôk`rb. T` pr`s`htf `h `hvfs`s ial`r`ht`s y jf k`zdjf s` dbhbd` dbkb pbrd`jfhf. T` sbjaialadf dbh `j far` f jf v`z qu` s` vf lbrkfhib jf `sdujturf. T` lfmradfh `h tr`s dbjbr`s7 rbsf,  mjfhdb y trfhspfr`ht`. trfhspfr`ht`.

 

Jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs dbh pbrd`jfhf s` r`fjazfh hbrkfjk`ht` dbh uh kbji` dbkb `xt`hsaôh i` jf uöf, btrf s`nuhif kbifjaifi `s utajazfr uh tap i` kbib qu` s` dbhsanu` uhf uöf kudcb kæs r`sast`ht` qu` dbh jf i`j kbji` (s` sukf `j nrbsbr i`j tap fj i` jf  pbrd`jfhf). @stf tádhadf prbpbrdabhf f jfs uöfs uhf kfybr r`sast`hdaf, iur`zf y dbhsast`hdaf, `vatfhib qu` s` (bhadblfnaf) rbkpfh dbh blfdajaifi. ai`fj pfrf p`rsbhfs qu`iámaj`s. ta`h`h dbstukmr` i` kbriárs`jfs pfrf jfs @s p`rsbhfs qu` jfs ta`h`h jfs uöfs T` pu`i`h r`fjazfr trfmfgbs kuy ial`r`ht`s y i`dbrfdabh`s kuy `jfmbrfifs. T` h`d`satf kudcf i`str`zf pbrqu` su fpjadfdaôh `s ialëdaj y f v`d`s `j r`sujtfib hb `s kuy hfturfj. Fi`kæs Fi`kæs s` rbkp`h dbh lfdajaifi lfdajaifi pbrqu` `j prbiudtb hb ``ss kuy lj`xamj`. @j bjbr `s lu`rt` y cfy qu` t`h`r duaifib fj trfmfgfr pbrqu` fjnuhbs fdrëjadbs sbh tôxadbs.

6.=. @sdu dujt jtur urff i` uöf uöfss dbh dbh n`j n`j 6.=. @s @h `j föb 6130 fpfr`d`h jbs prak`rbs n`j`s, `stf tádhadf s` mfsf `h `sdujpar jfs uöfs dbh prbiudtbs i` fpfra`hdaf fpfra`hdaf n`jftahbsf, kuy ahhbvfibr`s y i` lædaj fpjadfdaôh cfda`hib qu` jf uöf hfturfj `stá kfs prbt`naif y trftfif. Tbh kæs djfrfs, hfturfj`s y  mrajjfht`s qu` jfs uöfs i` fdrëjadb. @h `j k`rdfib `xast` uhf nrfh vfra`ifi i` n`j`s y i`p`hia`hib i` jfs prbpa`ifi`s  pu`i`h dukpjar luhdabh`s iav`rsfs. Jf vasdbsaifi i`j n`j `s jf dfrfdt`rëstad dfrfdt`rëstadff kæs fdusfif y r`spbhsfmj` `h i`t`rkahfr jfs vfrafht`s qu` cfy `h `j k`rdfib, `hdbhtrfr`kbs `hdbhtrfr`k bs n`j`s trfhspfr`ht`s y i` iav`rsbs dbjbr`s. Btrf ial`r`hdaf qu` kfrdf `stf tádhadf dbh r`sp`dtb f jfs btrfs, `s jf `xpbsadaôh i` jfs rfiafdabh`s ujtrfvabj`tfs fj lahfjazfr `j prbd`sb yf qu` hb s` s`dfh dbh `j far` sahb dbh uhf jækpfrf i` ]fybs Pvf. Jf `sdujturf i` uöfs i` n`j tfkmaáh s` pu`i` r`fjazfr dbh `xt`hsabh`s sbmr` `j tap b kbji`. @s uhf tádhadf kuy i`kfhifif, ai`fj pfrf uöfs qu` h`d`satfh uhf lbrkf fi`dufif, dbh prbmj`kf i` bhadblfnaf, i`shav`jfifs, `td. Hb r`sujtf tôxadb y sbh ahbjbrbs. F p`sfr i` hb s`r uh trfmfgb `xd`savfk`ht` dbkpjadfib cfy qu` t`h`r `h du`htf qu` uhf kfjf tádhadf pu`i` jj`nfr f i`spr`hi`r jf jækahf i` jf uöf y prbiudar   prbmj`kfs s`rabs. @xast` btrf tádhadf i` uöfs i` n`j sah jækpfrf ibhi` `j n`j s` fpjadf sbmr` jf uöf `h uhf dfpf `sp`sf y s` `hiur`d` ræpaifk`ht` i`spuás i` pujv`razfr uh prbiudtb fdtavfibr  fi`dufib. @st` tapb i` n`j tfkmaáh s` utajazf pfrf r`pfrfr y r`lbrkfr jfs uöfs.

6. 6.4. 4. @s @sdu dujt jtur urff i` uöfs uöfs dbh dbh lam lamrf rf i` i` vaira vairab b @s uhf tádhadf fhtanuf y i` r`sujtfibs `sp`dtfdujfr`s qu` cf aib `vbjudabhfhib y qu` h`d`satf uh kfht`haka`htb dbhstfht`, pu`s jf uöf dr`d` y cfy qu` ar r`jj`hæhibjf. @stf tádhadf s` r`fjazf dbh uhf `sp`da` i` t`jf (lamrf i` vairab) futbfic`savf sbmr` jf uöf b tap y s` fpjadfmfh vfrafs dfpfs i` r`sahfs pfrf ifr kæs du`rpb, `h jf fdtufjaifi jf lamrf i` vairab s` cf sustatuaib pbr `j pbjvb y jf r`sahf.

²Tfmëfs qu`…2 @j n` n`jj qu qu`` ut utaj ajaz azfk fkbs bs `h `st` `st` tap tapb b i` `sd `sdujt ujturf urf i` uöfs uöfs,, `s uhf uhf kfsf kfsf n`jalbrk`, uhf r`sahf, qu` s` `hiur` `hiur`d` d` sbj sbjb b dbh uh fpfrftb `sp`dafj i` ]fybs Pvf. Ifh f jf uöf iurfdaôh, `j `jfs fsta tada daif ifi i y uh fs fsp` p`dt dtb b  

 

Jfs r`sahfs qu` s` fpjadfh dbh `stf tádhadf sbh kudcb k`hbs fnr`savfs qu` jbs  prbiudtbs utajazfibs `h btrbs kátbibs i` `sdujpaib.Jfs uöfs r`lbrzfifs dbh lamrf i` vairab sbh jfs kæs r`sast`ht`s y prbt`n`h jf uöfs tbtfjk`ht` pu`s s` dumr` tbif jf uöf dbh `j t`gaib. Jfs uöfs i`m`h `stfr `h mu`hfs dbhiadabh`s pfrf fpjadfrjf sahb s`ræ  pr`dasb pr`pfrfrjfs fht`s y, sa hb sbh kuy jfrnfs, utajazfr jbs tap i`dbrfibs qu` sbh lædaj`s, ræpaibs y kuy vastbsbs. @stf tádhadf `s tfkmaáh ai`fj pfrf frr`njfr frr`njfr jfs uöfs rbtfs y pfrtaifs. Fi`kæs i` jf lamrf i` vairab s` pu`i` `kpj`fr s`if, jahb y btrbs kft`rafj`s.

²Tfmëfs qu`…2 Jf lamrf i` vairab `s uhf `sp`da` i` `ht`jfib r`fjazfib f pfrtar i` iakahutbs `htr`jfzfibscajbs `htr`i` së vairab

Dfsb prædtadb 6 Tatufdaôh7 _fjbkf trfmfgf `h jf dbdahf i` uh r`stfurfht` y ta`h` qu` duaifrs` kudcb jfs kfhbs y jfs uöfs. Ya`h` jfs uöfs iámaj`s, j` dr`d`h i` kfh`rf i`shav`jfif y s` j` rbkp`h dbh kudcf lfdajaifi. @jjf sa`kpr` cf i`s`fib t`h`r uöfs jfrnfs, lu`rt`s y i` fpfra`hdaf hfturfj, p`rb pbr su trfmfgb y pbr jf dfjaifi i` sus uöfs hb cf saib huhdf pbsamj`. _fjbkf qua`r` cfd`r cfd`r uh dfkmab `h `h sus uöfs y cf i`daiaib dbhsujtfr f jf kfhadurastf kfhadurastf i` su d`htrb i` m`jj`zf, `xp`rtf `h `sdujturf i` uöfs, pfrf sfm`r quá pbsamajaifi`s j` blr`d`h y quá sast`kf sast`kf j` r`sujtf kæs dbhv`ha`ht`. dbhv`ha`ht`.

Tbjudaôh7 Phf v`z vastfs jfs uöfs y `sdudcfif jf i`kfhif i` _fjbkf, ]`m`df vf f bptfr pbr r`fjazfr `j `sdujpaib i` uöfs i` n`j dbh jækpfrf. @stbs s`ræh sus pfsbs f s`nuar7 







Jb prak`rb qu` h`d`satf `s ifr uhf lbrkf fi`dufif f jf uöf qu` j` r`sujt` dôkbib f ]`m`df pfrf pbi`r r`fjazfr su trfmfgb sah prbmj`kfs y hav`jfr jf jfkahf uhnu`fj i` tbifs jfs uöfs, fsë t`hiræh uhf fpfra`hdaf hfturfj, djfrf y mrajjfht`. Fj `xastar `h `j k`rdfib ial`r`ht`s tapbs i` n`j dbh dfrfdt`rëstadfs iastahtfs, ]`m`df `j`naræ uh prbiudtb qu` i`g` jfs uöfs r`sast`ht`s y f jf v`z jfs prbt`gf. Lahfjazfrf dbh jækpfrf i` Pvf pfrf qu` jfs uöfs s` `hiur`zdfh. Jf tádhadf i` pbrd`jfhf b fdrëjadb jf i`sdfrtf, pbrqu` _fjbkf h`d`satf t`h`r uhfs uöfs lj`xamj`s y hb tfh rënaifs dbkb `h `j dfsb i` jfs i`  pbrd`jfhf b fdrëjadb fdrëjadb qu` s`rëfh kæs lædaj`s lædaj`s i` rbkp`r. Jf tádhadf i` lamrf i` vairab pbirëf cfm`r saib btrf bpdaôh, p`rb h`d`satf uh kfht`haka`htb kæs dbhtëhub y jfs uöfs i`m`h `stfr `h  p`rl`dtb `stfib, satufdaôh qu` _fjbkf, pbr su `kpj`b, hb pu`i` kfht`h`r.

Fdtavaifi`s 6. Bms`rvf jfs uöfs i` tr`s dbkpfö`rbs, y `xpjadf sa j`s fdbhs`gfrëfs `sdujpar uöfs i` pbrd`jfhf `h dfif dfsb. ²@h quá drat`rabs t` cfs mfsfib2 ²Jfs r`fjazfrëfs dbh kbji` b dbh tap2 ²@h quá dfsb hb jb fdbhs`gfrëfs2 fdbhs`gfrëfs2 

 

=. ]`fjazf uh iafnhôstadb y `xpjadf duæj i` tbifs jfs tádhadfs i` `sdujturf i` uöfs `stuiafifs cfstf `j kbk`htb s`rëf jf kæs fdbhs`gfif `h hu`strb dfsb.

_r`dfudabh`s n`h`rfj`s fj lahfjazfr jf uöfs7

`sdujturf `sdujturf

i`

- Duaif Duaifib ib dbh jbs nbjp`s nbjp`s - Hb u usf sfrr ``sk skfj fjt` t`ss dbh dbh dbht`haib i` fd`tbhf - Hb ja jakf kfrr jfs uö uöfs fs dbh dbh

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

=. Fhæja Fhæjasas sas y dbhtrfa dbhtrfahiadf hiadfdabh`s dabh`s @j prak`r pfsb i`j prbd`sb i` `sdujturf i` uöfs `s r`fjazfr uh `xfk`h `xcfustavb i` jf lbrkf i` jf kfhb b i`j pa`, i` jbs i`ibs y i` jfs uöfs pfrf pbi`r frkbhazfr jf lbrkf qu` j` vfkbs f ifr dbh `j r`stb i` `j`k`htbs. Jf `sdujturf i` uöfs t` p`rkat` kbialadfr  dbkpj`tfk`ht` jf lbrkf i` jfs uöfs pbr jb qu` pbiræs dbhs`nuar sa`kpr` jf lbrkf dbrr`dtf. @j jfrnb, i`j i`j mbri` jamr`, r`dbk`hifmj` r`dbk`hifmj` sa`kpr` s`ræ dbkb kæxakb jf katfi i` jf mfs` i` jf uöf. Fi`kæs i` fhfja Fi`kæs fhfjazfr zfr jf kbrl kbrlbjbnë bjbnëf, f, t`hir t`hiræs æs qu` sfm` sfm`rr r`db r`dbhbd`r hbd`r p`rl`dtfk`h p`rl`dtfk`ht` t` jfs fjt`rfdabh`s i` jf zbhf uhnu`fj qu` `stæh dbhtrfahiadfifs pfrf `st` tapb i` trfmfgb y r`fjazfr uhf pru`mf i` fj`rnaf pfrf pr`v`har r`fddabh`s ahi`s`fifs.

Huhdf, mfgb hahn÷h hahn÷h dbhd`ptb, dbhd`ptb, r`fjazfr r`fjazfræs æs `sdujturf `sdujturf i` uöfs t`hnf uhf ahl`ddaôh mfdt`rafhf, c`raifs b kadbsas.

`h uhf kfhb kfhb qu`

Jfs ahl`ddabh`s mfdt`rafhfs mfdt`rafhfs y pbr kadbsas sbh7

²Dôkb s` jjfkf2

²Duæj `s su fsp`dtb2

²Dôkb `s2

²_br quá sud`i`2

_frbhaquaf fnuif (pfhfiazb)

@j pja`nu` uhnu`fj fpfr`d` rbgb ` ahljfkfib, ahdjusb dbh  pus

Ph `xd`sb i` dbrt` i` jf dutëdujf b uh trfukftaskb (nbjp`) `h jf zbhf.

Bhadbdraptbsa s (Pöf `hdfrhfif)

Jf uöf s` ahtrbiud` `h `j  pja`nu` p`rauhnu`fj p`rauhnu`fj jft`rfj.

Kæs lr`du`ht` `h jbs pa`s i`maib fj usb i` dfjzfib `str`dcb, kfj dbrt` i` jfs uöfs b n`hátadf.

Bhadbkadbsas (taöf `h jf uöf)

Jf jækahf fpfr`d` `hnrbsfif y fkfrajj`htf, su`j` s`r kæs lr`du`ht` `h jbs pa`s

Cbhnbs

@j r`stb i` fjt`rfdabh`s jfs pu`i`s dbhsujtfr `h jf Phaifi 4 i`j jamrb, kudcfs i` `jjfs sbh dbrr`namj`s k`iafht` `sdujturf i` uöfs b `skfjtfib p`rkfh`ht`. _u`i` sud`i`r qu` fuh hb t`ha`hib hahn÷h tapb i` ahl`ddaôh hb pu`ifs r`fjazfr jf `sdujturf i` uöfs i`maib f jbs dbkpbh`ht`s qu` dbhta`h`h (k`tfdrajftb i` k`tajb y k`taj k`trfquajftb), yf qu`, fuhqu` hb `s fjnb dbk÷h, pu`i` prbvbdfr r`fddabh`s fjárnadfs, dufhib `stb sud`if sud`if jfs dutëdujfs fpfr`d`ræh fpfr`d`ræh `hrbg`daifs ` ahljfkfifs. ahljfkfifs. Jf pru`mf dbhsastaræ `h fpjadfr, këhakb uh iëf fht`s i` jf r`fjazfdaôh i`j trfmfgb, uhf  p`qu`öf dfhtaifi i`j prbiudtb sbmr` `j i`ib k`öaqu` y jb dumrar`kbs dbh uh fpôsatb, sa hb sud`i` hahnuhf r`fddaôh pu`i`s r`fjazfr `j trfmfgb hbrkfjk`ht`, i` jb dbhtrfrab t`hiræs qu` dfkmafr i` tádhadf. Phf v`z r`fjazfib `j fhæjasas, prbd`i` f r`jj`hfr jf ladcf i`j dja`ht`, `h ibhi` t`hiræs qu` fpuhtfr tbib fqu`jjb qu` cfyfs i`t`dtfib, fsë dbkb jbs trftfka`htbs y prbiudtbs qu` vfs f usfr y jfs r`dbk`hifdabh`s qu` ahiadfs pfrf `j duaifib `h dfsf. @stf ladcf `s anufj f jf qu` vab `h jf 4 pfrf jf r`fjazfdaôh i` uhf uöfs kfhadurf b p`iadurf. @s h`d`sfrab qu` s` dbhbzdfs jbsPhaifi prbs y jbs dbhtrfs fht`s i` dbjbdfr frtaladafj`s pfrf qu`  pu`ifs `xpjadærs`jb `xpjadærs`jb f jbs dja`ht`s.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs _rbs

s` p`nfh sbmr` jfs (Nbjp`s, uöfs hfturfj`s `s h`d`sfrab t` fs`nur`s Jbnrfr prbt`n`r jfs uöfs hfturfj`s i` jbs `l`dtbs iföahbs i`Dbkb jfs fnr`sabh`s `xt`rhfs prbiudtbs quëkadbs,qu` `skfjt`s i` mf Tbh frdafj`s Tbh r`sast`ht`s y pbr `sb sbh ai`fj`s pfrf jfs uöfs hfturfj`s qu`mrfiazfs b qu` s` fmr`h lædajk`ht`.pbr jb q Tbh ja`hzbs Ta cfs p`rl`dtbs usfib p`nfk`htb pfrf jbs kaj`s pfrf fpjadfr i` ias`öbs uh p qu` i`m`s s` pu`i`h sfm`r qu` bmt`h`r. su`j` s`r kuy tôxadb, pbr ` ]`qua`r`h i` pbdb kfht`haka`htb, uhf s`saôh dfif =6-=3 iëfs, pbr jb qu` sbh jf bpdaôh p`rl`dtf pfrf p`rsbhfs qu` hb `h`h kud

Dfsb prædtadb = Tatufdaôh7 ]fqu`j ta`h` `j cæmatb dbkpujsavb i` kbri`rs` jfs uöfs (bhadblfnaf). Tu`j` cfd`rs` jf kfhadurf dbh lr`du`hdaf pfrf aht`htfr ifrj` k`gbr fsp`dtb f sus kfhbs p`rb huhdf bmta`h` uh r`sujtfib sftaslfdtbrab. @h su ÷jtakf vasatf fj d`htrb i` `státadf j` r`dbk`hifrbh fpjadfrs` uöfs pbstazfs pfrf i`gfr i` kbri`rs` jfs uöfs, j` fyuifrëf f k`gbrfr su prbmj`kf tfhtb lësadb dbkb psadbjônadb. ²Duæj s`raf `j prbtbdbjb f s`nuar2

Tbjudaôh7 @st` `s uh trftfka`htb kuy `l`dtavb pfrf fmfhibhfr `j cæmatb i` bhadblfnaf, yf qu` jfs uöfs pbstazfs pbstazfs sbh kuy iurfs y hb s` pu`i`h pu`i`h kbri kbri`r, `r, fi`kæs dbhs`nuarë dbhs`nuarëff qu` su uöf hfturfj `stuva`rf prbt`naif y dr`da`rf hbrkfjk`ht`. @j prbtbdbjb p rbtbdbjb s`rëf `j sanua`ht`7 





Fpjadfr `j prbiudtb dbhstrudtbr `hdakf i` su uöf, sah `xt`hsabh`s, yf qu` hb ta`h` mfs` sulada`ht` pfrf qu` s` kfht`hnf y `j p`nfk`htb pbirëf iföfr jf uöf. T`n÷h dr`zdf jf uöf s` aræh cfda`hib jbs r`jj`hbs dbrr`spbhia`ht`s, y jf uöf `h ibs b tr`s k`s`s judaræ jfrnf. Fi`kæs `s fdbhs`gfmj` r`fjazfr uh kfquajjfg` `h lrfhd`sf p`rkfh`ht` lfjs`fhib `j mbri` jamr` pfrf qu` jf mfs` i` jf uöf pfr`zdf kfs fjfrnfif yf qu` jf uöf cf pbiaib qu`ifr fdcftfif pbr jbs dbhtahubs kfjtrftbs qu` cf r`damaib.

Fdtavaifi`s 4. Musdf `h Aht`rh`t duftrb akæn`h`s i`j fht`s y i`spuás i` uöfs frtaladafj`s, y r`fjazf uh ibssa`r dbh jfs lbtbs, `xpjadfhib i`mfgb i` dfif uhf dôkb s` cf dbrr`naib y frkbhazfib jf kfhb b `j pa`.

 

Dbsk skát átad adbs bs y ÷taj ÷taj`s `s `kp `kpj` j`fi fibs bs `h `h jf 4. Db `sdujturf. _frf `j prbd`sb i` uöfs frtaladafj`s fi`kæs i` jbs ÷taj`s y dbskátadbs `kpj`fibs `h `j  prbd`sb i` kfhadurf qu` s` vab `h jf Phaifi =, vfs f h`d`satfr uhf s`ra` i` kft`rafj `sp`dëladb pfrf `st` trfmfgb.

4.6 Dbs 4.6 Dbskát kátad adbs bs Fd`tbhf7

Vuatf`skfjt` TAH fd`tbhf7

_rak`r7

T` usf pfrf r`kbv`r r`kbv`r `j  p`nfk`htb i` uöfs, jbs taps y jakpafr jbs pahd`j`s.

Akpr`sdahiamj` pfrf `jakahfr `j `skfjt` `h uhf uöf frtaladafj, i` jb dbhtrfrab `stf s` pbirëf fmjfhifr.

_rbiudtb quëkadb qu` s` `kpj`f pfrf i`scairftfr jf uöf hfturfj y dbhs`nuar uhf fic`r`hdaf p`rl`dtf p`rl`dtf i` jf dbm`rturf. dbm`rturf.

T`if y jahb7

Fd`at` pfrf dutëdujfs7

Fic`savb pfrf uöfs7

T` fpjadf pfrf r`lbrzfr jf uöf hfturfj b jf `xt`hsaôh,  p`næhibjf dbh fic`savb. fic`savb.

Cairftf jf zbhf p`rauhnu`fj fj lahfjazfr  `j trfmfgb.

_`nf jbs taps y jfs `hvbjturfs i` s`if, jahb y lamrf i` vairab.

N`j pfrf uöfs `sdujpaifs y kfquajjfg` p`rkfh`ht`7

Fnuf madfrmbhftfif7

Fdrëjadb7

T` usf `h dfsb i` qu` jf pa`j s` arrat` dbh jbs ædaibs i` jbs prbiudtbs p rbiudtbs usfibs.

Tbh pbjëk`rbs (pbjvb) qu` fj k`zdjfrs` k`zdjfrs` dbh kbhôk kbhôk`rbs `rbs (jëquaib) s` `hiur `hiur`d`h `d`h,, lbrkfhib uhf dfpf r`sast`ht`.

Fhtasáptadb luhnadaif7

Lamrf i` vairab7

Yaps7

Jb usfr`kbs pfrf `vatfr jf  prbjal`rfdaôh i` cbhnbs `htr` jf uöf hfturfj y jf pbstazf.

Lbrkf uhf dfpf r`sast`ht` kuy ÷taj  pfrf r`pfrfr uöfs pfrtaifs.

Tbh `xt`hsabh`s pfrf fjfrnfr jfs uöfs, sbmr` `jjbs s` pu`i` trfmfgfr `j n`j b fdrëjadb.

@s uh n`j i` ial`r`ht`s dbjbr`s s`hsamj` f jf juz ujtrfvabj`tf, dbh jf dufj fiqua`r` iur`zf.

4.= ×taj aj`s `s 4.= ×t Yfdb pujaibr7 _rbpbrdabhf mrajjb f jf uöf frtaladafj. Tu nrfkfg` vf i` =0? f 4???, s`n÷h jf dfpf.

Jakfs7 I` ial`r`ht`s nrfkfg`s, i`si` 6??, jfs kæs fmrfsavfs cfstf =0? jfs kæs sufv`s

Mrbdcf b d`pajjb7 _frf `jakahfr `j pbjvb i`spuás i`j jakfib.

Dbrtftaps7

_ahd`j`s7

Nbi`t7

Pt`hsajab `sp`dëladb pfrf dbrtfr jbs taps.

I` ial`r`ht`s tfkföbs, jbs r`ibhibs sarv`h pfrf fdrëjadb y jbs i` lbrkf i` j`hnuf pfrf n`j.

\fsatb

Iasp`hsfibr7

Kbji`s7

Kfhb b i`ibs i` jft`x7

]`dapa`ht` ibhi` t`h`r   pr`pfrfib ial`r`ht`s dbjbr`s i` prbiudtb.

_frf dbhstruar sbmr` `jjbs jf uöf. _u`i`h s`r i`s`dcfmj`s b hb i`s`dcfmj`s, jbs s`nuhibs cfmrëf qu` `st`rajazfrjbs i`spu`s i` dfif usb.

T` usf pfrf prfdtadfr fht`s i` pfsfr f kbi`jbs r`fj`s.

i `

j f

u ö f

i` drastfj  pfrf dfhtaifi`s i` prbiudtb.

i`pbsat fr 

 p`qu`ö fs

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

9. _r`pfr _r`pfrfdaôh fdaôh pfrf pfrf jf `sduj `sdujturf turf i` uöfs uöfs Jf `sdujturf i` uöfs `s uhf tádhadf qu` vf f r`qu`rar uhf pr`pfrfdaôh `sp`dëladf tfhtb i`j prbl`sabhfj dbkb i`j dja`ht`. 

_rbl`sabhfj7 trfmfgfr`kbs dbh prbiudtbs quëkadbs, fsë qu` s`ræ ahiasp`hsfmj` `j usb i` nufht`s y kfsdfrajjf, ahdjusb f v`d`s nflfs s`n÷h jf s`hsamajaifi i` jbs bgbs f jbs vfpbr`s qu` i`spr`hi`, sbmr` tbib jf tádhadf fdrëjadf.



Dja`ht`7 i`m`ræs prbt`n`rj` dbh uhf mftf y usfræs uh fhtasáptadb luhnadaif pfrf `vatfr qu` prbjal`r`h cbhnbs `htr` jf uöf hfturfj y jf pbstazf.

9.6 _r`pfrfdaôh i` jf zbhf uhnu`fj pfrf jf `sdujturf i` uöfs @xast`h iav`rsfs tádhadfs pfrf jf `sdujturf i` uöfs y `s uh k`rdfib `h dbhtahuf `vbjudaôh p`rb tbifs ta`h`h fjnb `h dbk÷h, y `s jf pr`pfrfdaôh i` jf zbhf uhnu`fj fht`s i` r`fjazfr jf tádhadf `j`naif.

Jb prak`rb qu` t`h`kbs qu` t`h`r `h du`htf `s hb suk`rnar huhdf jfs kfhbs `h fnuf gfmbhbsf, yf qu` jf jækahf s` cuk`i`d`rëf y fj fpjadfr dufjqua`r tádhadf `hdakf dbrr`kbs `j ra`snb i` qu` prbjal`r`h cbhnbs b ahdjusb qu` `j prbiudtb qu` fpjaqu`kbs i`spuás hb s` fica`rf dbrr`dtfk`ht`.

@H @J Y]FMFGB ]`du`rif qu` jf `sdujturf i` uöfs s` r`fjazf `h s`db, hb i`m`s fpjadfr  hahn÷h tapb i` dr`kf, ha fd`at` cfstf hb cfm`r t`rkahfib t`rkahfib `j  prbd`sb i` `sdujturf pbrqu` dbrr`s `j ra`snb i` qu` s` i`sp`nu` i`sp`nu` jf uöf.

Fdtavaifi`s 9. Tbmr` jf kfhb i` prædtadfs, dbjbdf uhbs taps, y r`fjazf `j  prbd`sb i` pr`pfrfdaôh i` jf zbhf uhnu`fj, pfrf `htr`hfr  fht`s i` pfsfr f uhf kbi`jb r`fj.

0. ]fzbhf qu` pfsfrëf sa jakfs`s jf sup`rlada` i` jf uöf fht`s i` `kpugfr y `jakahfr 

I`spuás i` fhfjazfr jf zbhf, r`fjazfr jf pru`mf i` fj`rnaf y r`jj`hfr jf ladcf, prbd`i` f jf pr`pfrfdaôh i` jf zbhf uhnu`fj sanua`hib jbs sanua`ht`s pfsbs7

_fsb 67

I`skfquajjf jfs uöfs pfrf qu` hb qu`i` hahn÷h r`stb i` `skfjt`.

_fsb =7

Jakf jfs uöfs i` lbrkf r`ibhif pfrf qu` `hdfg` `h jbs taps y `h jbs kbji`s lahfjazfhib dbh uhf jakf i` fjtb nrfkfg` pfrf s`jjfr jfs dfpfs.

_fsb 47

I`sahl`dtf dbh uh prbiudtb luhnadaif.

_fsb 97

]`tarf jf dutëdujf f s`r pbsamj` `h s`db b dbh quatfdutëdujfs y fy÷ift` i` uhf `spætujf k`tæjadf b i` pjæstadb.

_fsb 07

Dbrtf jbs pfirfstrbs y jf dutëdujf sa `stæ `xd`savfk`ht` jfrnf, y prbdurf hb cfd`r hahn÷h dbrt`.

_fsb 7

@jakahf `j pbjvb prbiudaib dbh uh d`pajjb b uhf mrbdcf i` uöfs.

_fsb 37

_br ÷jtakb, i`s`hnrfsf jf uöf usfhib _rak`r, dbh duaifib i` hb tbdfr jf zbhf p`rauhnu`fj.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

0. Yádhad Yádhadfs fs i` fpjad fpjadfdaôh fdaôh i` uöfs uöfs `sdujpaifs @j junfr i` trfmfgb i`m` s`r uh junfr qu` pbs`f uhf mu`hf mu`hf v`htajfdaôh y juz tfhtb hfturfj dbkb frtaladafj. @h `j prbd`sb i` r`fjazfdaôh i` jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs s` utajazfh  prbiudtbs i` lu`rt` bjbr, pbr jb qu` `s h`d`sfrab t`h`r uh dbhtrbj i` `stbs bjbr`s5 jbs  prbiudtbs `kfhfh vfpbr`s qu` fuhqu` hb sbh tôxadbs pu`i`h r`sujtfr ahdôkbibs b kbj`stbs tfhtb fj prbl`sabhfj dbkb fj dja`ht`. @xast`h `h `j k`rdfib k`sfs `sp`dafj`s i` trfmfgb pfrf r`fjazfr jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs y kudcfs i` `jjfs ahdbrpbrfh su prbpab sast`kf i` v`htajfdaôh.

0.6 @sduj @sdujpaib paib i` pbrd`jfh pbrd`jfhff @s dbhv`ha`ht` r`fjazfr uhf kfhadurf uhbs iëfs pr`vabs fht`s i` jj`vfr f dfmb jf `sdujturf i` uöfs, `stf kfhadurf lfdajatfræ jf `jakahfdaôh i` jf dutëdujf, y dufjqua`r  akpur`zf qu` pu`if pr`s`htfr jf uöf, fsë dbkb ifrj` lbrkf fj mbri` jamr`.

² TFMËFT VP@2 Jf r`fjazfdaôh i` uhf `sdujturf i` uöfs uöfs pu`i` iurfr fprbxakfifk`ht` uhf cbrf, `st` ta`kpb `s `stakfib yf qu` i`p`hi` i` jf cfmajaifi i` jf p`rsbhf qu` r`fjad` jf `sdujturf, jfs dfrfdt`rëstadfs i` jfs uöfs hfturfj`s.

@j kaskb iëf qu` r`fjad`kbs jf `sdujturf i` uöfs s` fdbhs`gf hb r`fjazfr jf kfhadurf ha `jakahfr `jaka hfr jf dutëdujf dutëdujf yf qu` jbs prbiudtbs prbiudtbs pu`i` pu`i`h h bdfsabhfr arra arratfdaô tfdaôh h sa r`fjazfkbs r`fjazfkbs fjn÷h dbrt`. @s akpbrtfht` i`sahl`dtfr i`sahl`dtfr `j kft`rafj i` trfmfgb dbh uh dbskátadb canaáhadb pr`pfrfibrf. T`nuar`kbs `j sanua`ht` prbtbdbjb i` r`fjazfdaôh7

_fsb 6

@j/jf prbl`sabhfj i`m`ræ jfvfrs` jfs kfhbs dbh `j gfmôh fhtamfdt`rafhb y fpjadfr uhf sbjudaôh i`sahl`dtfht` `h jfs kfhbs i`j dja`ht`.

_fsb =

Phf v`z i`sfkquajjfifs y i`scairftfifs jfs uöfs dbh uh prbiudtb `sp`dëladb, fpjadfr`kbs `j _rak`r dbh jf fyuif i`j pahd`j sbmr` jf uöf `vatfhib tbdfr jf pa`j tfj y dbkb s` cf ahiadfib `h `j `pënrfl` fht`rabr. @j _rak`r r`fjazf uh i`s`hnrfsfib quëkadb sbmr` jf uöf hfturfj. Phf v`z jakpaf jf uöf, dbjbdfr`kbs `j kbji` fgustæhibjb ma`h fj mbri` jamr` i` jf uöf, jbs jft`rfj`s i`m`h `hdfgfr y fjah`fr`kbs `j kbji` dbh jf durvfturf hfturfj i` jf uöf, pfrf `vatfr fsë qu` qu`i` i`shav`j `htr` jf uöf y `j kbji`. @h uh nbi`t, b pbrtf dbskátadbs, v`rt`kbs pbjvb i` pbrd`jfhf i`j dbjbr i`s`fib. @h btrb nbi`t fpjadfr`kbs jëquaib i` `sdujpar cfstf jf katfi.

_fsb 4 _fsb 9 _fsb 0

_fsb <

Cuk`i`d`kbs `j pahd`j `h `j jëquaib i` `sdujpar y tbkfkbs uhf mbjatf i` pbrd`jfhf. Fpjadfr`kbs `stf k`zdjf `h `j h`xb i` uhaôh y `h tbib `j mbri` jamr` y jft`rfj`s, i`spjfzfkbs jan`rfk`ht` jan`rfk`ht` cfdaf `j d`htrb i` jf uöf. Fht`s i` qu` s` s`qu`, fpjadfr hu`vfk`ht` btrf mbjatf qu` jj`vfr`kbs cfdaf jf dutëdujf pfrf uhaladfr dbh jf prak`rf. _r`sabhfr jf k`zdjf. Jf `sl`rf qu` dbjbdfr`kbs sbmr` `j kbji` pu`i` s`r i` dbjbr mjfhdb pfrf pbi`r r`fjazfr  i` `stf lbrkf `j  mbri` jamr` `h lrfhd`sf, lrfhd`sf, pfrf `j r`stb r`stb i` jf uöf pbi`kbs tbkfr pbjvb pbjvb i` dbjbr rbsfib. I`gfr`kbs s`dfr, y r`fjazfkbs `j r`stb i` jfs uöfs.

_fsb >

F dbhtahufdaôh s` jakfræh y pujaræh jbs jft`rfj`s y `j mbri` jamr` i` jfs uöfs pfrf ifrj`s lbrkf, i`m`h pfr`d`r hfturfj`s y hb i`gfr akp`rl`ddabh`s b arr`nujfraifi`s arr`nujfraifi`s `h jf uöf frtaladafj qu` c`kbs r`fjaz r`fjazfib. fib.

_fsb 3

Fpjadfkbs fd`at` `sp`dafj pfrf dutëdujfs pfrf cairftfr y hutrar jf dutëdujf, r`fjazfhib uh jan`rb kfsfg` y jakpafkbs ma`h jfs kfhbs i`j dja`ht`.

_fsb 1

]`fjazfkbs `j kfquajjfg` i` uöfs f nustb i` jf dja`htf.

 

@sdujpaib dbh ps Ta i`s`fkbs r`fjazfr `j `sdujpaib dbh taps t`hir`kbs `h du`htf qu` i`spuás i`j pfsb 4 i`m`kbs r`fjazfr jbs sanua`ht`s pfsbs7 6. T`j`ddab T`j`ddabhfr` hfr`kbs kbs `j tap fi`dufib, fi`dufib, fifptæ fifptæhibjb hibjb p`r p`rl`dt l`dtfk`h fk`ht` t` f jbs jft`rfj`s jft`rfj`s i` jf uöf y dumra`hib uh t`rdab i` jf uöf hfturfj. =. F dbhtahuf dbhtahufdaôh daôh fic`ra fic`rakbs kbs `j tap tap dbh `j p`nfk` p`nfk`htb. htb. Phf Phf v`z v`z qu` dbkprbm`kbs qu` `j tap `stæ fic`raib f jf uöf, prbd`i`kbs f dbrtfrjbs dbh `j dbrtftaps. 4. Fpjadfr`k Fpjadfr`kbs bs iajuy`ht` iajuy`ht` i` i` taps dbh dbh fyuif fyuif i` uh uh mfst mfstbhdaj bhdajjb jb `h ``jj h`xb i` uhaôh, pfrf lfdajatfr `j jakfib i` `stf zbhf y r`tarfr`kbs `j `xd`i`ht` i`  p`nfk`htb. 9. ]`fjazfib ]`fjazfib `st` `st` pfsb pfsb pfsfkbs pfsfkbs f jakfr jakfr jf uhaôh uhaôh i`j taps taps dbh jf jf uöf hfturfj hfturfj,, r`mfgfhib `j `sdfjôh. ]`du`rif qu` uhf dbrr`dtf dbjbdfdaôh i`j tap i`p`hi` i` vfrabs lfdtbr`s7 @j taps hb i`m` tbdfr jfs dutëdujfs. Dufhib r`fjazfkbs uh `sdujpaib i` uöfs dbh taps i`m`kbs dbjbdfr uhb f uhb cfstf dbkpj`tfr tbibs jbs i`ibs i` fkmfs kfhbs Dbrtfr`kbs jbs taps uhf v`z `stáh ma`h fic`raibs f jf uöf hfturfj. _frf lfdajatfr `j dbrt` y hb fmusfr i` uh `xd`savb jakfib, i`m`kbs utajazfr `j dbrtftaps. Jf jbhnatui, jf lbrkf i`j taps y su durvfturf i`t`rkahfræh `j fdfmfib lahfj i` jf `sdujturf i` uöfs. Jbs taps pu`i`h pr`s`htfrs` `h vfrabs dbjbr`s, jj`nfhib f dbhluhiars` dbh jf  prbpaf uöf hfturfj, sbh r`sast`ht`s p`rb hb tfhtb dbkb uhf uöf `sdujpaif `h  pbrd`jfhf, n`j b lamrf i` vairab, p`rb blr`d`h blr`d`h uh fdfmfib kuy hfturfj. hfturfj. 











Dfsb prædtadb 4 Tatufdaôh Kfr fdui` fj d`htrb i` `státadf y p`juqu`rëf yf qu` cfd` uh k`s s` r`fjazô uhf `sdujturf i` uöfs i` pbrd`jfhf, j` r`la`r` f Bjnf qu` ibhi` s` r`fjazô `j `sdujpaib i` uöfs hb jf ahlbrkfrbh i` jbs duaifibs qu` i`mëf r`fjazfrs` uhf v`z r`fjazfifs jfs uöfs ha dbk quatærs`jfs dufhib hb qua`rf s`nuar jj`væhibjfs. ²Vuá `xpjadfdaôh j` ifræ Bjnf r`l`r`ht` f sus jbs duaifibs y `jakahfdaôh i` jfs uöfs i` pbrd`jfhf2

Tbjudaôh7

Bjnf j` ahlbrkf i` qu` sus uöfs i`m`h s`nuar uh kfht`haka`htb b r`pfrfdaôh dfif quahd` iëfs pbrqu` s` i`m` r`jj`hfr `j `spfdab i` jf uöf hfturfj sa i`s`f qu` t`hnfh uh mu`h `stfib y kfybr iurfdaôh. J` fdbhs`gfræ `j sanua`ht` prbtbdbjb7 f- I`sahl`d I`sahl`dtfr tfr jfs jfs kfhbs kfhbs fht`s fht`s i` dbk`hz dbk`hzfr fr db dbh h `j prbd`sb prbd`sb..  m- Jakfr jfs uöfs pfrf pfrf `jakahfr `j prbiudtb fdrëjadb fdrëjadb i` lbrkf j`htf, sbjb uhf dfpf dfpf pfrf `vfjufr `vfjufr `j `stfib i` jfs uöfs. d- ]`tyarfr ]`tyarfr tbib `j prbiudtb prbiudtb fdrëjad fdrëjadb b dbh uhf jakf nru`sf nru`sf sah jj`nfr jj`nfr f jf uöf hfturfj hfturfj pfrf hb iföfrjf iföfrjf.. i- Jakpaf Jakpafrr jfs uöfs dbh uh d`pajjb d`pajjb pfrf r` r`tarfr tarfr jbs jbs r`stbs i` `sdujpai `sdujpaib b y uhf v`z jakpafs, jakpafs, Bjnf r`fjazfr r`fjazfrææ `j r`jj`hb i` jf uöf frtaladafj i` jf kaskf lbrkf qu` s` cfh r`fjazfib jfs uöfs i` pbrd`jfhf, tbkfræ uhf dfhtaifi i` pbjvb y jëquaib dbh `j pahd`j y lbrkfræ uhf `sl`rf qu` satufræ sbmr` jf uöf, uhf v`z r`fjazfib `j r`jj`hb s` jakfræ jf uöf `vatfhib qu` qu`i`h qu`i `h `spfdabs ibhi` s` puia`rf puia`rf fdukujfr suda` suda`ifi, ifi, fnuf, `td. qu` puia`rfh ifr junfr junfr f mfdt`rafs, mfdt`rafs, cbhnbs cbhnbs ` ahl`ddabh`s. Bjnf j` ahlbrkf tfkmaáh i` qu` jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs i`m`h r`tarfrs` dufhib fpr`da` `stbs sanhbs7 páriaif i` dbjbr, s` i`spr`hifh i` jf uöf hfturfj, `stáh qu`mrfiazfs. _frf `jjb Bjnf s`nuaræ jbs sanua`ht`s pfsbs7 f- I`sahl`dtfræ jfs kfhbs i`j dja`ht` y jfs suyfs prbpafs. F dbhtahufdaôh dbhtahufdaôh suk`rnaræ jfs kfhbs kfhbs i` Kfr `h uh mbj mbj dbh fd`tbhf purf, i` 60 f 4? kahutbs `h luhdaôh i` jf fd`tbhf b `j iasbjv`ht` i` uöfs frtaladafj`s.  m- Phf v`z r`mjfhi`daib r`mjfhi`daib `j prbiudtb jb r`tarfræ r`tarfræ i` lbrkf sufv` sufv` dbh uh pfjatb i` hfrfhgb hfrfhgb b `spætujf. d- F dbhtahufd dbhtahufdaôh aôh pfsfræ pfsfræ uhf jakf jakf sufv` pf pfrf rf i`gfr i`gfr jf uöf sah r`stbs r`stbs i` prbiudt prbiudtb b fdrëjadb. fdrëjadb. i- _br ÷jt ÷jtakb akb fpjadfræ fpjadfræ uh fd`at` fd`at` hutrata hutratavb vb `sp` `sp`dafj dafj pfrf pfrf jfs uö uöfs fs y dutëdujfs. dutëdujfs.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs 0.= @sdujpaib i` uöfs `h n`j

@st` tapb i` uöfs s` lbrkfh dbh dbskátadbs lbtb`hiur`damj`s duybs dbkpbh`ht`s sbh s`hsamj`s fj pfsb i` juz qu` cfd` pbsamj` jf r`fddaôh i` pbjak`razfdaôh i` uh kbhôk`rb duyb fdtavfibr `s jf juz ujtrfvabj`tf,  prbiuda`hib uhf r`sahf r`sahf qu` ifræ junfr junfr f jf uöf frtaladafj. @st` tapb i` uöfs s` r`fjazfh dbh taps prahdapfjk`ht` fuhqu` tfkmaáh s` pu`i`h utajazfr kbji`s. @xast`h uöfs i` n`j qu` hb pr`dasfh jf juz ujtrfvabj`tf, fuhqu` `st` tapb i` uöf r`dbrifkbs qu` hb `s tfh r`sast`ht` dbkb jbs btrbs tapbs i` kft`rafj`s i` dbhstruddaôh. _frf `sdujpar uöfs `h n`j s`nuar`kbs `j sanua`ht`  prbtbdbjb7

_fsb 6

Jf prbl`sabhfj i`m`ræ jfvfrs` jfs kfhbs dbh uh gfmôh fhtamfdt`rafhb. I`sahl`dtfræ jfs kfhbs i`j dja`ht` y `j kft`rafj i` trfmfgb dbh uhf sbjudaôh i`sahl`dtfht`.

_fsb =

Jakfr jf uöf pfrf i`s`hnrfsfr k`dæhadfk`ht` jf uöf y fsë `j prbiudtb s` fica`rf k`gbr.

_fsb 4

Fpjadfr `j dbskátadb pr`pfrfibr i` jf uöf frtaladafj pfrf i`scairftfrjf y cfd`rjf kæs pbrbsf.

_fsb 9

T`j`ddabhfr `j tap fi`dufib, fifptæhibjb p`rl`dtfk`ht` f jbs jft`rfj`s i` jf uöf. I`m` dumrar 6/4 i` jf uöf hfturfj y pfrf `vatfr `j `sdfjôh dbh jf uöf hfturfj s` r`mfgf dbh jf jakf. _frf fic`rar `j tap usfr`kbs uhf p`qu`öf dfhtaifi i` p`nfk`htb `sp`dëladb `h jf zbhf qu` `stfræ `h dbhtfdtb dbh jf uöf hfturfj `vatfhib qu` qu`i`h murmugfs i` far`, pr`sabhfr`kbs `j tap cfstf qu` ást` dbkpj`tfk`ht` fic`raib. Jakpafr`kbs `j p`nfk`htb sbmrfht` Phf v`z s`db fpjadfr`kbs `j _rak`r sbmr` jf uöf sah tbdfr jf pa`j. @j _rak`r r`fjazf sbmr` jf uöf uh i`s`hnrfsfib quëkadb sbmr` jf uöf hfturfj.

_fsb 0 _fsb <

Dbh `j pahd`j i` n`j, tbkfr uhf p`qu`öf pbrdaôh i` N`j Yrfhspfr`ht` y fpjadfr f kbib i` `skfjt` sbmr` tbif jf uöf. I`gfr s`dfr `j ta`kpb qu` `stak` `j lfmradfht` `h jf jækpfrf i` n`j, r`fjazfr`kbs jf kfhb azqua`rif y f dbhtahufdaôh jf i`r`dcf, i`gfhib pfrf `j lahfj jbs i`ibs pujnfr`s. F dbhtahufdaôh, tbkfr`kbs uhf pbrdaôh kæs nrfhi` qu` jf fht`rabr, i` N`j dbhstrudtbr `h tbhb rbsfib b djfrb pfrf ifr vbjuk`h f jf uöf. Fpjadfr `h `j mbri` jamr` tbib `j prbiudtb y iastramuarjb pbr tbif jf uöf `h kbib i` zan-zfn, sah pr`sabhfr. I`gfr s`dfr `h jf jækpfrf `j ta`kpb qu` `stak` `j lfmradfht`.

_fsb >

Phf v`z s`df jf uöf, lahfjazfr`kbs jf dbhstruddaôh i` jf uöf dbh `j prbiudtb dbskátadb lahfjazfibr n`j y dbh jf fyuif i` uh tas÷ pfrf r`tarfr `j n`j qu` hb t`rkahf i` s`dfr.

_fsb 3

Jakfr`kbs dbh jf jakf fdbjdcfif.

_fsb 1

_frf lahfjazfr jf uöf, fpjadfr `j N`j Lagfibr f kbib i` `skfjt`, qu` `s `j qu` if `j mrajjb f jf uöf y sug`daôh f jf kaskf. I`gfr`kbs s`dfr fjr`i`ibr i` 4 kahutbs `h jf Jækpfrf i` N`j.

_fsb 6?

Fpjadfr`kbs fd`at` b n`j pfrf jfs dutëdujfs s`hsamj`s, `h jfs dutëdujfs y jbs jft`rfj`s i` jf uöf, pfrf cairftfrjf, k`iafht` uh jan`rb kfsfg`.

_fsb 66

_bi`kbs r`dbk`hifr fj dja`ht` qu` s` jfv` jfs kfhbs, pfrf r`tarfr jbs r`stbs i` pbjb prbvbdfibs pbr jbs jakfibs. @skfjtfr b i`dbrfr f nustb i` jf dja`htf.

 

_r`dfudabh`s _r`dfudabh`s dbh jf `sdujturf i` uöfs `h n`j  Hb bjvai`s t`h`r `h du`htf du`htf fjnuhfs du`stabh`s du`stabh`s7  







 

Ta `j n`j `hiur`d` ahdbrr`dtfk`ht` s` i`spr`hi`ræ jf jækahf frtaladafj.  Hb s` i`m`h fpjadfr fpjadfr jfs dfpfs i` n`j n`j i`kfsafib `sp`sfs `sp`sfs yf qu` cfræ qu` jf jækahf frtaladafj s` s`pfr` i` jf uöf. @j prbiudtb huhdf jb fpjadfr`kbs `h jf dutëdujf ha jbs mbri`s i` jf jfkahf uhnú`fj, pu`i` prbvbdfr su i`spr`hiaka`htb. Jfs dfpfs i` n`j i`m`h fpjadfrs` uhalbrk`k`ht`, sahb `s fsë jf jækahf s` rbkp`ræ b s` i`spr`hi`ræ i` jf uöf hfturfj. @j jakfib i`m` s`r sufv` yf qu` pbi`kbs prbvbdfr qu` s` j`vfht` jf jækahf frtaladafj. Jbs prbiudtbs hb i`m`h k`zdjfrs` k`zdjfrs` sa utajazfkbs n`j`s dbh juz b sah juz.  Hb fpjadfr`kbs uhf `sdujturf i` uöfs uöfs sbmr` uöfs `hl`rkfs `hl`rkfs b kuy i`t`rabrfifs, qu` pr`s`ht` ahl`ddaôh.

Tast`kf i` `sdujpaib `h n`j sah jækpfrf @j sast`kf i` `sdujpaib `h n`j sah jækpfrf `s uh kátbib ræpaib y s`hdajjb, qu` hb  pr`dasf i` tfhtf tádhadf dbkb jbs btrbs `sdujpaibs. @st` tapb i` `sdujturf `stæ ahiadfib  pfrf dja`htfs qu` sbjadatfh uh `km`jj`daka`htb y f su v`z fjfrnfka`htb i` jf uöf pfrf uh bdfsaôh `sp`dafj (mbif, dbkuhaôh, fhav`rsfrab, la`stf, hfvaifi, `td.….) p`rb qu` ju`nb pbr kbtavbs prbl`sabhfj`s b p`rsbhfj`s hb pu`i`h t`h`r uhf dbhtahuaifi dbkb jfs uöfs `sdujpaifs. Jf tádhadf i`j n`j sah jækpfrf hb h`d`satf uh r`jj`hb pu`s su iurfdaôh `s i` uhf s`kfhf, fprbxakfifk`ht`. fprbxakfifk`ht`. @j n`j sah jækpfrf `s uh prbiudtb n`jbai` qu` s` sbjaialadf `h dbhtfdtb dbh `j far`. _frf su fpjadfdaôh hbs fyuifkbs i`j pahd`j ahdbrpbrfib `h `j `hvfs` dbkb sa i` uh `skfjt` s` trftfrf. _rbpbrdabhf f jf uöf uh fdfmfib hfturfj, jf lbrtfj`d`.

Dfsb prædtadb 9 Tatufdaôh Drastahf fdui` fj d`htrb i` `státadf aht`r`sfif `h r`fjazfrs` uhfs uöfs `sdujpaifs `h n`j sah juz, r`la`r` f @stc`r, qu` pr`la`r` t`h`r jfs uöfs dbh dbrtf jbhnatui pbr jb qu` hb i`s`f i `s`f fjfrnfrjfs yf qu` su trfmfgb hb j` p`rkat` t`h`r  jfs uöfs jfrnfs, `stæ aht`r`sfif `h t`h`r uh fdfmfib jb kæs hfturfj pbsamj` y fjnb kæs iurfi`rb qu` uhf kfhadurf dbhv`hdabhfj. ²Dôkb r`fjazfræ jfs uöfs @stc`r f Drastahf2

Tbjudaôh 

   

@stc`r r`fjazfræ uhf kfhadurf pr`vaf, trfs cfm`r i`sahl`dtfib sus kfhbs y jfs i` jf dja`ht`, uhf v`z r`fjazfif jf kfhadurf, kfhadurf, i`s`hnrfsfræ jf uöf hfturfj pfrf lfdajatfr jf fic`r`hdaf fic`r`hdaf i`j dbskátadb. F dbhtahufdaôh pfsf f fpjadfr `j pr`pfrfibr i` jf uöf hfturfj, pfrf i`scairftfr jf uöf. Fpjadfræ `j _rak`r dbh uh pahd`j qu` i`s`hnrfsfræ jf uöf, i`gæhibjb s`dfr. Phf v`z s`db, fpjadfræ ibs dfpfs i` n`j, i`gfhib s`dfr `j ta`kpb qu` `stakf `j lfmradfht`. T`df jf dfpf i` n`j, @stc`r prbd`i` f cairftfr jf dutëdujf, y kfquajjf jf uöf i` tbhb hfturfj trfhspfr`ht`.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

0.4 @sdujpaib i` uöfs `h lamrf i` vairab @j sast`kf i` lamrf i` vairab utajazf uhf s`if b lamrf i` vairab pfrf dbhs`nuar uhf uöf r`sast`ht` p`rb lahf y lj`xamj`. @j sast`kf i` lamrf i` vairab `s fi`dufib pfrf r`pfr r`pfrfr fr rbturfs y i`snfrrbs `h uöfs i` n`j b fdrëjadfs. _bi`kbs r`fjazfr jf tádhadf sbmr` jf uöf hfturfj b ma`h sbmr` uh tap b uöf pbstazf. Cfmræ qu` s`nuar `j sanua`ht` prbtbdbjb7

_fsb 6 _fsb = _fsb 4 _fsb 9 _fsb 0 _fsb < _fsb >

_r`pfrfdaôh _r`pfrfdaô h i`j kft`rafj. I`sahl`ddaôh i` kfhbs tfhtb i` jf dja`htf dbkb i`j prbl`sabhfj. I`skfquajjfr dbh `j `skfjt` sah fd`tbhf. Jakpafr ranurbsfk`ht` jf uöf pfrf r`tarfr dufjqua`r r`stb i` nrfsf b suda`ifi. Dbh jf fyuif i` uh pfjatb s` i`m`h r`tarfr jfs dutëdujfs i` jfs uöfs. Dbrtfr jf kfjjf i` kfh`rf qu` dumrf jf uöf p`rb i`gfhib uh kfrn`h i` 6,0 kk cfstf jbs mbri`s. Hb dumrar jf dutëdujf. _r`sabhfr lark`k`ht` jf kfjjf futbfic`savf sbmr` jf uöf. _rbdurfr i`gfrjf jasf, sah murmugfs i` far` pbr i`mfgb. Fpjadfr uhf lahf dfpf i` r`sahf sbmr` jf lamrf i` vairab y `xt`hi`rjf dbh `j pfjatb i` hfrfhgb. @vatfr tbdfr jf dutëdujf b jf pa`j dbh jf r`sahf. Ta fsë bdurra`s`, jakpafr jf zbhf fht`s i` fpjadfr `j fdtavfibr pfrf `vatfr kbj`stafs f jf dja`htf. _ujv`razfr jan`rfk`ht` dbh `j fdtavfibr i`si` uhf iastfhdaf i` uhbs 4? dk. Ta s` fpjadf i`kfsafib fdtavfibr  s` prbiud` uhf r`fddaôh tárkadf qu` pu`i` s`r i`sfnrfifmj`.

_fsb 3 _fsb 1

Fpjadfr uhf s`nuhif dfpf i` r`sahf, lahf y uhalbrk` sbmr` jf uöf.Jakpafr jf dutëdujf y jbs surdbs jft`rfj`s sa cfy r`sahf.

_fsb 6?

Jakfr pfrf dbhs`nuar jf jbhnatui y lbrkf i`s`fifs. Fjasfr jbs jfibs y ialukahfr jf jëh`f i` uhaôh i` jf kfjjf dbh jf uöf.

_fsb 66

Ta cf qu`ifib fjn÷h puhtb cuhiaib `h jf sup`rlada`, s` pu`i` fpjadfr uhf t`rd`rf dfpf i` r`sahf y fdtavfibr.

_fsb 6=

_ujar jfs uöfs.

_fsb 64

Jakpafr jfs dutëdujfs y jfs kfhbs fht`s i` fpjadfr uh `skfjt` b r`fjazfr uh trfmfgb i` lfhtfsëf.

_ujv`razfr i` hu`vb dbh `j fdtavfibr f hbs 4? dk i` jf uöf.

_rbd`iaka`htb i` dbm`rturf `h lamrf i` vairab sbmr` taps _frf `st` prbd`iaka`htb jbs tr`s prak`rbs pfsbs sbh anufj`s qu` `h `j dfsb fht`rabr. Ju`nb dbhtahufræs dbh `j sanua`ht` prbd`sb7

_fsb 9

Dbh jf fyuif i` uhf jakf pujaibrf i` nrfhb `xtrflahb, s` i`m` pujar jf uöf hfturfj y jakpafr jbs r`stbs dbh uh ej``h`x. I` `stf lbrkf fmrakbs `j pbrb i` jf uöf hfturfj y dbhs`nuakbs qu` jbs prbiudtbs s` fica`rfh k`gbr.

_fsb 0 _fsb <

Fpjadfr uhf dfpf lahf y uhalbrk` i` r`sahf sbmr` jf uöf hfturfj i`gfhib uh kfrn`h i` 6‑0 kk pbr i`mfgb i`j ær`f i` jf dutëdujf y pbr jbs mbri`s i` jf uöf. @j lrfsdb i`m`ræ `stfr prbvastb i` uhf dæhujf pfrf uhf ôptakf fpjadfdaôh. _ujv`razfr `j fdtavfibr i`si` uhbs 4? dk. @stf dfpf i` r`sahf dr`f uhf mfs` qu` s`rvaræ i` sbpbrt` pfrf `j tap.

_fsb >

Jakfr jan`rfk`ht` jf sup`rlada` pfrf i`gfr uh fdfmfib kft`. Ptajazfr pfrf `jjb uhf jakf sufv`

_fsb 3

T`j`ddabhfrr jbs taps qu` s` vfh f utajazfr. T`j`ddabhf

_fsb 1

Fpjadfr r`sahf `h `j `xtr`kb i` jf uöf ibhi` s` vfyf f dbjbdfr `j tap. @h `st` puhtb, i`m`r`kbs pr`stfr ft`hdaôh fj lagfr `j tap sbmr` `j t`rdab b katfi ahl`rabr i` jf uöf hfturfj, fgustæhibjb ma`h `htr` jfs pfrt`s `xt`rabr`s i` jf uöf.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs _fsb 6?

Dbjbdfr `j tap pr`sabhfhib sbmr` jf uöf p`rb hb i`kfsafib lu`rt` pfrf qu` hb s` lbrk`h murmugfs i` far`. Ta `sb bdurra`s` r`tarfr `j tap, jakpafr jf uöf y vbjv`r f fpjadfrjb.

_fsb 66

_fsfibs 6? b 60 s`nuhibs pujv`razfr dbh `j fdtavfibr.

_fsb 6=

Fpjadfr uhf p`qu`öf dfhtaifi i` r`sahf pfrf s`jjfr `vatfhib tbdfr jf dutëdujf y `xt`hi`rjf dbh jf kaskf dæhujf b dbh `j pfjatb i` hfrfhgb.

_fsb 64

_ujv`razfr `j fdtavfibr i`si` uhbs 4? dk.

_fsb 69

Dbrtfr `j tap f jf jbhnatui i`s`fif.

_fsb 60

Ifr lbrkf f jf uöf pbstazf dbh uhf jakf k`iafhf y ialukahfr jf uhaôh dbh jf uöf hfturfj. Dbkprbmfr qu` hb qu`ifh arr`nujfraifi`s arr`nujfraifi`s `h jf sup`rlada` fht`s i`j prôxakb pfsb. Fj kaskb ta`kpb s` kftazfræ tbif jf uöf. T` i`m` `xtr`kfr `j duaifib `h `stf bp`rfdaôh yf qu` cfy qu` `jakahfr tbtfjk`ht` jbs r`stbs i` pbjvb qu` s` cfyfh  prbiudaib, ma`h dbh uh ej``h`x b dbh jf fyuif i` uhf mrbdcatf. @h `st` puhtb, `s dufhib s` prbd`i` f ahstfjfr jf lamrf i` vairab, qu` s` i`pbsatfræ `hdakf i`j dbhguhtb qu` lbrkf `j tap dbh jf uöf hfturfj, r`sp`tfhib tbib su fjr`i`ibr, uhf zbhf i` 6,0 kk. Tbmr` jf dufj hb s` i`pbsatfræ jf lamrf. Dbjbdfr jf kfjjf pr`sabhfhib dbh duaifib i` qu` hb qu`i`h frrunfs ha murmugfs i` far`.

_fsb 6< _fsb 6> _fsb 63

Fpjadfr uhf lahf dfpf i` r`sahf sbmr` jf kfjjf. Psfr jf dæhujf pfrf `xt`hi`rjf dbh duaifib i` hb tbdfr jf dutëdujf. I`m`kbs r`tarfr dufjqua`r prbiudtb prbiudtb qu` cfyf jj`nfib f jf dutëdujf b f jf pa`j fht`s i`j pfsb sanua`ht`.

_fsb 61

_ujv`razfr `j fdtavfibr i`si` uhbs 4? dk i` iastfhdaf. Y`h`r `h du`htf qu` i i`kfsafib `kfsafib fdtavfibr pu`i` prbiudar uhf s`hsfdaôh i` dfjbr i`sfnrfifmj`.

_fsb =?

T` i`m`h i`pbsatfr ibs dfpfs i` r`sahf y dftfjazfibr i` lbrkf dbhtahuf, `s i`dar, uhf prak`rf v`z s` fpjadfræ jf r`sahf y f dbhtahufdaôh `j dftfjazfibr y i` `st` kbib s` prbd`i`ræ ibs v`d`s s`nuaifs `h tbibs y dfif uhb i` jbs i`ibs. T` i`m`ræ `jakahfr `j mrajjb prbv`ha`ht` i` jf fht`rabr bp`rfdaôh k`iafht` `j `kpj`b i` jf jakf sufv`.

_fsb =6 _fsb ==

Dbh jf fyuif i` jf jakf pujaibrf, pujar`kbs tbif jf sup`rlada` i` jf uöf cfstf qu` s` dbhsanf uh mrajjb pfr`daib fj i` jf uöf hfturfj

_fsb =4

_br ÷jtakb, s` i`m` fpjadfr uh fd`at` `sp`dafj sbmr` jf dutëdujf y i` `st` kbib hutrakbs jf uöf. T` i`m` ifr uh kfsfg` sufv` sbmr` `stf zbhf uhnujfr.

^@M7

.

_u`i`s v`r `j pfsb f pfsb i` jf dbhstruddaôh i` jfs uöfs `h lamrf i` vairab, `h www.ybutum`.dbk.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs



I`sahl`dtfib i` jfs kfhbs i` jf prbl`sabhfj dbh uh dbskátadb fhtamfdt`rafhb. I`sahl`dtfr`kbs I`sahl`dtfr` kbs jfs kfhbs i` jf dja`htf y `j kft`rafj i` trfmfgb dbh uh dbskátadb

i`sahl`dtfht` ]`tarfr`kbs `j `skfjt` i` jf dja`htf dbh uh fjnbiôh cuk`i`daib `h quatf`skfjt` sah fd`tbhf. ]`fjazfkbs uhf kfhadurf, i`gfhib jf uöf jamr` i` su nrfsf hfturfj pbr jb qu` jakfr`kbs jf pjfdf uhú`fj, pbi`kbs fpjadf  pr`pfrfibr i` jf uöf jb qu` jf i`scairftfrjf i`scairftfrjf y cfd`rjf kæs pbrbsf. pbrbsf. Fpjadfr uhf lahf dfpf i` "N`j _bjasc" (`skfjt` p`rkfh`ht`), s`jjfhib p`rl`dtfk`ht` jf puhtf i` jf uöf cfstf `j  mbri`.. T`dfr `stf prak`rf dfpf, mfgb jf jækpfrf P\F = kahutbs. Fpjadfr uhfs s`nuhif dfpf i` N`j _bjasc. T`jjfhib hu`vfk`ht` y vbjv`r f s`dfr uhbs = kahutbs `h jf jækpfrf. @j `skfjt` ta`h` uh fdfmfib y mrajjb p`rl`dtb.

@jakahfdaôh _frf `jakahfr `j `skfjt` p`rkfh`ht`, s` i`m` suk`rnar jf kfhb `h quatf`skfjt` sah fd`tbhf iurfht` uhbs kahutbs. @j quatf`skfjt` sah fd`tbhf hb iföfræ jf uöf hfturfj. @j N`j _bjasc s` quatfræ lædajk`ht` dbh uh pfjatb i` Hfrfhgb.

Jf tádhadf i`j `skfjtfib p`rkfh`ht` ta`h` huk`rbsfs v`htfgfs lr`ht` fj kfquajjfg` trfiadabhfj, ástfs sbh7 

 Hb pr`dasfh tádhadf ha fpjadfr prbiudtbs dbkb `j _rak`r, sah lahfjazfibr, sah pfsbs aht`rk`iabs, iar`dtfk`ht` `h 0 kahutbs dbh fdfmfib y mrajjb p`rl`dtb.



Cfy uhf nrfh vfra`ifi i` dbjbr`s i` `skfjt`s i` ÷jtakf n`h`rfdaôh, N`j _bjasc.



Dbhs`nuakbs uh mrajjb y iurfdaôh i` n`j P\F.



T`dfib ræpaib `h = kahutbs dbh jækpfrf P.\.F. i` uöfs frtaladafj`s.



@s væjaib pfrf fpjadfr sbmr` uöfs hfturfj`s y frtaladafj`s.



_bi`kbs r`fjazfrjb r`fjazfrjb `h p`iadurfs y kfhadurfs. kfhadurfs.



T` `jakahf `h kahutbs sah iföfr jf uöf hfturfj.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

>. ×jtakf ×jtakfss t`hi`hdafs t`hi`hdafs `h `h `sdujturf `sdujturf i` uöfs @j k`rdfib `h `sdujturf i` uöfs `stæ dbhstfht`k`ht` `vbjudabhfhib, dfif v`z sbh kæs jbs prbiudtbs y tádhadfs qu` fpfr`d`h dbkb ÷jtakfs t`hi`hdafs ` ahvatfh fj dja`ht` f t`h`r uh nrfh fmfhadb `h `j frr`njb y duaifib i` jfs uöfs. Jfs tádhadfs hb cfh `vbjudabhfib tfhtb, i` c`dcb sa`kpr` s` pfrt` i` jf kaskf mfs`, jb qu` së cf k`gbrfib cfh saib jbs prbiudtbs y `h fjnuhbs dfsbs jf fpfrftbjbnëf yf qu` s` cf aib ahhbvfhib  pfrf dbhs`nuar r`sujtfibs k`gbr`s, fcbrrfhib ta`kpb `h `j i`sfrrbjjb i` jfs kaskfs y k`gbrfhib jf dfjaifi i` jbs r`sujtfibs.

Fdran`j @s uhf dbkmahfdaôh i` ibs tapbs i` uöfs, pbr uh jfib `stæ `j fdrëjadb qu` s` dbhsai`rf `h `sdujpaib i` uöfs dbkb mæsadfs y jfs kæs r`sast`ht`s, y pbr btrb jfib, `j n`j, qu` sbh kuy mrajjfht`s, hfturfj`s, lædaj`s i` trfmfgfrjfs `td. I` jf k`zdjf i` jfs ibs hfd` `j fdran`j dbhsanua`hib r`sujtfibs `sp`dtfdujfr`s, `s tfh r`sast`ht` dbkb `j fdrëjadb p`rb i`jadfif `h su fsp`dtb dbkb `j n`j, s` v`h kudcb kæs hfturfj`s, mrajjfht`s, i`jnfifs y sbh jf k`gbr bpdaôh pfrf s`r i`dbrfifs.

@skfjt`s p`rkfh`ht`s Jf hbv`ifi `s qu` sbh uh tapb i` `skfjt`s `sp`dafj`s dbh iurfdaôh i` uöfs i` n`j. @s btrf i` jfs tádhadfs kæs hbv`ibsfs i`j k`rdfib. Jfs uöfs jj`nfh f iurfr quahd` iëfs `h  p`rl`dtb `stfib. `stfib. @h n`h`rfj r`sujtfh i` mu`hf dfjaifi y sbh lædaj`s lædaj`s i` r`fjazfr. r`fjazfr.  Hb s` pu`i`h dbhsai`rfr tbtfjk`ht` `sdujturf p`rb s` pu`i` fpjadfr `hdakf i` taps, fdrëjadbs, lamrf i` vairab, n`j`s y `h uöfs hfturfj`s. Fi`kæs prbt`n`h jfs uöfs hfturfj`s iæhibj`s lu`rzf y iur`zf y hb `s h`d`sfrab jakfr jf uöf hfturfj pfrf su fpjadfdaôh. _frf su `jakahfdaôh, s` suk`rn`h jfs uöfs `h uh quatf`skfjt` sah fd`tbhf iurfht` ia`z kahutbs y s` r`tarf `kpugfhib dbh uh pfjatb i` hfrfhgf.

Jëh`fs sbjfr`s `h fdrëjadbs Tbh prbiudtbs kuy ahhbvfibr`s, ibhi` su dbkpbsadaôh cf saib dr`fif y t`stfif pfrf  prbpbrdabhfr uhf prbt`ddaôh tbtfj i` jfs uöfs fdrëjadfs fdrëjadfs fht` jfs rfiafdabh`s rfiafdabh`s sbjfr`s (sbj/ rfybs P\F).

Ial`r`ht`s fdfmfibs dbh fdrëjadbs I` `stf tádhadf surn`h btrbs `stajbs dbh ial`r`ht`s fdfmfibs, fj i`dbrfr jfs uöfs `h sus  puhtfs fkpjafkbs jbs nustbs i`j dja`ht`. dja`ht`. Tbh trfmfgbs sakpj`s y kuy ddr`ftavbs. r`ftavbs. 





Pöfs Iafkfht`. @stæh c`dcfs dbh puhtfs mjfhdfs jb qu` hbs if uh t`rkahfib `h lrfhdás p`rkfh`ht`, dbh jfs kaskfs v`htfgfs i` r`sast`hdaf y mrajjb qu` jfs uöfs i` fdrëjadb. Pöfs Lrfhd`sfs. @stæh ta`h`h uh trfmfgb kæs frt`sfhfj, pbrqu` dbkmahfh ibs tapbs i` fdrëjadbs, `j mjfhdb `h jf puhtf y `j btrb fdrëjadb `h `j r`stb i` jf uöf,  p`rkata`hib uh fsp`dtb fsp`dtb kæs hfturfj. Pöfs Drastfj. Jfs puhtfs sbh i` fdrëjadb trfhspfr`ht`, ifhib jf fpfra`hdaf i`j drastfj. Jf t`rkahfdaôh i` jf i`dbrfdaôh i` jf uöf r`sfjtf kudcb kæs jbs r`sujtfibs.

 

Phaifi 3 @sdujturf i` uöfs

]`ja`v` dbh pbrd`jfhf Dbkb yf `stuiafkbs `h jf uhaifi