Escrito Protesis Parcial Removible

 

\O@XLU[@CMC OMK@FOMB CL KN@JEFUMQF HMK\BSMC CL K@LOK@M[ CL BM [MB\C [M B\C  KMUULUM CL FCFOSFBFDÊM  KB@O@KM @@@

YUFSL[@[ ULJFX@XBL @OSLDUMOSL[  • 

CMJ@MO KN@JEF

• 

HUMOKNL[GM EFO@BBM

• 

JM@SL DMUK@M

• 

JMU@M YFUSLUF

•  • 

@OL[ J\U@BBF D@OOM S\SM[@D

CFKLOSL1 CMX@C KMUU@BBF [LJL[SUL1  OFXLOF ‒E‚ 

 

=. 

FEALS@XF[ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV = 

5. 

CL[MUUFBBF VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV = 

YUFSL[@[ YMUK@MB ULJFX@EBL VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVV =  @oc`kmk`fols VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 5  Kfotrm`oc`kmk`folsVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 5  Xlotmams VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 5  Clsvlotmams VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;  E`fjlkío`km VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ; 

KBM[@H@KMK@FO CL GLOOLCP VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 8  KBM[L @ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 8  KBM[L @@ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 4  KBM[L @@@ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 4  KBM[L @X VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV >  ULDBM[ CL MYYBLDMSL VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV >  YMUSL[ CL BM YUÛSL[@[ YMUK@MB ULJFX@EBL ULJFX@EBL VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV 0  MYFPF[ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 0  Kbms`h`kmk`ûo cl bfs Mpfyfs VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 0  Mpfyfs fkbusmbls VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 0  Mpfyfs K`odubmrls VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVV =9  Mpfyfs @ok`smbls VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV =9  ULSLOLCFUL[ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV =9  UL]\@[@SF[ CL \O ULSLOLCFU VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV = =9 9  LBLJLOSF[ CL C L \O ULSLOLCFU VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ==  ULSLOLCFUL[ C@ULKSF[ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVV =;   ULSLOLCFUL[ K@UK\OHLULOK@MBL[ VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV =  @bustrmk`ûo ;= Emrrm Ymbmt`om Cfebl. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 50 50  @bustrmk`ûo ;5 Emrrm û K`otm Ymbmt`om. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;9 ;9  @bustrmk`ûo ;; Ybmkm Ymbmt`om lo nlrrmcurm. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;= ;=  @bustrmk`ûo ;3 Ybmkm Ymbmt`om lo nlrrmcurm. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;5 ;5  @bustrmk`ûo ;< Ybmkm Ymbmt`om Sftmb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Yrû tls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;;  @bustrmk`ûo ;8 Emrrm B`odumb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xm Xmbvlrcl bvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;; ;;  @bustrmk`ûo ;4 Cfebl Emrrm B`odumb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;3  @bustrmk`ûo ;> Ybmkm B`odumb û Emrrm klrrmcm kl rrmcm cl Gloolcy, Emocm B`odumb f Kue`lrtm B`odumb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ;

KBM[L @X Lclotmk`ûo motlr`fr qul kruzm bm bêolm jlc`m.(=) Lspmk`f lcàotubf lo lb slktfr motlr`fr. Bm krlstm clsclotmcm lstí lo bm zfom motlr`fr y kruzm bm bêolm jlc`m. Sfcms bms kbmsls lxklptf bm @X, pulclo prlslotmr mc `k`fomb JFC@H@KMK@FOL[, clploc`locf cl bfs c`lotls qul hmbtlo, msê s` nmy uom erlknm mc`k`fomb nmebmrljfs cl Jfc`h`kmk`ûo @ y msê sukls`vmjlotl. Bm kbmsl @X ls bm ño`km qul of mcj`tl jfc`h`kmk`fols, puls lo lstl kmsf pmsm m slr uom kbmsl @@@.

@bustrmk`ûo 8 Kbmsl @X Gloolcy  

ULDBM[ CL MYYBLDMSL ULDBM =1 Bm kbms`h`kmk`ûo clel slr clspuàs cl, y of motls cl rlmb`zmr lxtrmkk`fols clotmbls

qul pfcrêmo mbtlrmr bm kbms`h`kmk`ûo fr`d`omb.(;)   ULDBM 51 [` hmbtm uo tlrklr jfbmr y of vm m slr rlljpbmzmcf, of sl bl kfos`clrm pmrm bm

kbms`h`kmk`ûo. (;)  ULDBM ;1 [` sl nmbbm prlslotl uo tlrklr jfbmr y slrí ut`b`zmcf kfjf p`bmr, sl bl kfos`clrm

 pmrm bm kbms`h`kmk`ûo. (;)   ULDBM 31 [` hmbtm uo slduocf jfbmr y of vm m slr rlljpbmzmcf, of sl bl kfos`clrm lo bm

kbms`h`kmk`ûo. (;) 

 

0 ULDBM 1 [fbf bms kbmsls @ @@ P @@@ pulclo tlolr suec`v`s`fols. (;)  

YMUSL[ CL BM YUÛSL[@[ YMUK@MB ULJFX@EBL MYFPF[ Bfs mpfyfs sfo uom prfbfodmk`ûo rêd`cm cl bm YYU qul lstí lo kfotmktf kfo bfs c`lotls pmrm c`s`pmr bms hulrzms vlrt`kmbls u nfr`zfotmbls. Lv`tmo lb clspbmzmj`lotf vlrt`kmb cl bm clotmcurm lo c`rlkk`ûo d`od`vmb. Lb mpfyf s`rvl mcljís pmrm rlstmurmr lb pbmof cl fkbus`ûo f pmrm hlrub`zmr bfs c`lotls plr`fcfotmbjlotl kfjprfjlt`cfs. Lstfs sl prlpmrmo sferl bms suplrh`k`ls fkbusmbls cl bfs c`lotls pfstlr`frls f lo bms b`odumbls f `ok`smbls cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls, tmje`ào sferl rlstmurmk`fols sferl mjmbdmjm, sferl rlstmurmk`fols kfbmcms f sferl prfv`s`fombls lo kmsfs cl trmtmj`lotf prfbfodmcf. P clel tlolr mclkumcf lsplsfr ls plsfr pmrm lv`tmr bm c`stfrs`ûo curmotl bm kmrdm.(3) Lb mpfyf jmot`lol losmjebmcfs bfs kfjpfolotls clb dmoknf, mktñm kfjf rltlolcfr `oc`rlktf lo uom YYU m lxtlos`ûo c`stmb7 pulcl slr pfs`k`fomcf motlr`fr f pfstlr`fr bm bêolm cl hubkrf mktumocf kfjf rltlolcfr `oc`rlktf. Lb mpfyf prlv`lol lb mkñjubf cl mb`jlotf lotrl lb dmoknf y bm suplrh`k`l prfx`jmb clb p`bmr.(3)

Kbms`h`kmk`ûo cl bfs Mpfyfs Mpfyfs fkbusmbls Bm hfrjm cl bm prlpmrmk`ûo ls tr`modubmr kfo bm emsl clb tr`íodubf nmk`m lb rlefrcl jmrd`omb y lb íodubf nmk`m lb klotrf clb c`lotl. Bm puotm clb tr`íodubf clel slr rlcfoclmcm. Lstm hfrjm s`dul lb kfotfrof cl bm suplrh`k`l cl bm hfsm jls`mb y c`stmb. Bm c`stmok`m jêo`jm X-B ls cl 5 m 5.) `okb`omcfs. (>) Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1 O`oduom. Clel slr kfostru`cf cl tmb jmolrm qul of kmusl trmujm lo bfs  p`bmrls. (>)  p`bmrls.  (>)  

Ultlolcfr lo Mo`bbf

 

@bustrmk`ûo =4 rltlolcfr lo mo`bbf

Xlotmams1 -Eulo sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc. (>) lstme`b`cmc. (>)   Clsvlotmams1 - [l clhfrjm hík`bjlotl y ls c`hêk`b cl maustmr, kfotmktm írlms clotmbls drmocls, bm lstàt`km ls pferl s` sl usmo írlms rltlo`cms b`odumbls lo lb jmx`bmr suplr`fr, bfs ermzfs mkklsfr`fs pulclo kmusmr `rr`tmk`ûo clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb y hmvfrlklo bm rltlok`ûo cl mb`jlotfs. (>)(0) mb`jlotfs.  (>)(0)  

 

=>

@oc`kmk`fols1 Lo jfbmrls `ohlr`frls qul t`lolo `okb`omk`ûo nmk`m jls`mb y b`odumb y kfo lb íodubf rltlot`vf lo bm suplrh`k`l jls`fb`odumb. Lo jfbmrls suplr`frls qul t`lolo `okb`omk`ûo nmk`m jls`mb y vlst`eubmr kfo lb íodubf rltlot`vf lo bm suplrh`k`l jls`fvlst`eubmr.(0) Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1 Of ls smt`shmktfr`f kumocf lx`stlo írlms rltlot`vms slvlrms lo c`stmb.(0)

Ultlolcfr lo Mozulbf

 

@bustrmk`ûo => rltlolcfr lo mozulbf

Xlotmams1 -Ylrj`tl usmr írlms rltlot`vms prûx`jms mb lspmk`f lcàotubf s`o tlolr qul kruzmr bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs kfo kfolktfrls jlofrls, eulo sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc, pulclo usmrsl lo lxtrljf b`erl f lo kbmsl @@@. (>) @@@. (>)   Clsvlotmams1 Lstàt`km pferl, kuerl juknm írlm clotmb, pfs`e`b`cmc cl mtrmpmr mb`jlotfs. Ls uo rltlolcfr qul pulcl usmrsl lo budmr cl rltlolcfrls t`pf emrrm lo prljfbmrls y kmo`ofs y lo budmr cl rltlolcfr lo mo`bbf lo jfbmrls.(>) jfbmrls. (>)   @oc`kmk`fols1 Írlms rltlot`vms c`stfvlst`eumbls cl kmo`ofs y prljfbmrls kumocf lb tla`cf  ebmocf `jp`cl `jp`cl lb usf cl uo rltlolcfr cl emrrm. Írlms rltlot`vms jls`fvlst`eubmrls cl jfbmrls jfbmrls f kumocf bm rltlok`ûo lstí ue`kmcm clemaf clb mpfyf fkbusmb. Kumocf bm bfod`tuc cl bm kfrfom ls bmrdm pmrm plrj`t`r qul lb rltlolcfr cl bm vulbtm. (>)(0) vulbtm.  (>)(0) Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols. Lo lb jmx`bmr suplr`fr pfrqul pulcl lxn`e`rslr juknf jltmb.  (>)  (>)  

@bustrmk`ûo =0 rltlolcfr lo mozulbf 5

 

 

=0

Ultlolcfr cl Amkgsfo f Cfebl Mkglr.

 

@bustrmk`ûo 59 rltlolcfr cl Amkgsfo

Xlotmams1 -Eulo sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc, c`str`euêcms m ftrfs c`lotls. Clsvlotmams1 -Bm rltlok`ûo  pulcl slr lxkls`vm. -Lb kfolktfr jlofr clbdmcf sl rfjpl hík`bjlotl. -Nmy olkls`cmc cl clsdmstmr bfs p`bmrls pmrm krlmr lspmk`f pmrm lb kfolktfr jlofr lo fkbusmb y of prfcuk`r `otlrhlrlok`ms fkbusmbls. (>)(0) fkbusmbls. (>)(0)   @oc`kmk`fols1 Kumocf nmy qul usmr uo rltlolcfr lo uom u om pmrtl cl bm efkm cfocl of nmy lspmk`f lcàotubf (Kbmsl @@). Kumocf lb lspmk`f lcàotubf lotrl cfs c`lotls omturmbls ls juy plqulýf  pmrm uo c`lotl mrt`h`k`mb. Lb rltlclcfr cm rltlok`ûo y rlbblom lb lspmk`f. Kumocf of lx`stl suh`k`lotl rltlok`ûo lo uo sfbf p`bmr.(0) Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1 Of clel usmrsl kumocf vm m trmujmt`zmr lb p`bmr f kumocf of nmy lspmk`f  pmrm lb kfoklktfr jlofr. (>) jlofr. (>)  

Ultlolcfr jñbt`pbl

 

@bustrmk`ûo 5= rltlolcfr jubt`pbl

Kfostm cl cfs rltlolcfrls mkglr uo`cfs pfr bm puotm cl bfs ermzfs b`odumbls.(>) Xlotmams1 er`ocm sfpfrtl mc`k`fomb m c`lotls plr`fcfotmbjlotl cleb`tmcfs plrj`t`locf bm c`stfrk`fo cl bms hulrzms lotrl bms cfs p`lzms clotmr`ms prûx`jms lotrl s`, eulo sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc, eulom rltlok`ûo.(0) Clsvlotmams1 kuerl juknm suplrh`k`l clotmr`m, sl c`stfrk`fom kfo rlbmt`vm hmk`b`cmc, mkujubmr rlstfs mb`jlot`k`fs. (>)

 

59

@oc`kmk`fols1 p`bmrls pfstlr`rls auotfs qul tlodmo zfom rltlot`vm pfr eukmb, lo prljfbmrls vlk`ofs mb lspmk`f lclotubf, pmrm hfrtmblklr bfs p`bmrls pfstlr`frls cle`b`tmcfs  plr`fcfotmbjlotl, kumocf bm rltlos`fo qul fhrlkl lb p`bmr ls bf jm pfstlr`fr of ls suh`k`lotl. su h`k`lotl. (>) Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1 of clel usmrsl kumocf bfs p`brls m`sbmcfs t`lolo hfrjm mkmjpmomcm kfo zfoms juy rltlot`vms lo bms kmrms prfx`jmbls, kumocf su prlslok`m lo lb jmx`bmr `ohlr`fr julstrl juknf jltmb.(0)

Jls`f c`stmb cl rfmkn

@bustrmk`ûo 55 Ultlolcfr cl Ufmkn

 

@oc`kmk`fols1 Lo `ok`s`vfs bmtlrmbls suplr`frls qul sfo p`bmrls cl uom kbmsl @@@ f lo lb bmcf clotfsfpfrtmcf cl uom kbmsl @@.(8)

Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1   Lxtrljf b`erl

•

  Eulo sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc

•

Xlotmams   Eulom lstàt`km

•

  Eulo sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc

•

Clsvlotmams1   Lb c`lotl clel slr prlpmrmcf pmrm kfosldu`r pmrmblb`sjf cl bms kmrms prfx`jmbls.

•

 

•

Srmujmt`zm lb p`bmr s` sl usm lo lxtrljf b`erl. Clel slr usmcf sûbf kumocf nmy uo p`bmr  pfstlr`fr, s`locf jís rlkfjlocmebl rlkfjlocmeb l lv`tmr su usf pf pfrr su mkk`ûo trmujít`km y pf pfrqul rqul nmy ftrms mbtlromt`vms jís kfoslrvmcfrms, lstàt`kms y hík`bls cl kfostru`r.(8)

 

5=

ULSLOLCFUL[ @OHUMLK\MSFU@MBL[ S@YF EMUUM Mefrcmo bm zfom rltlot`vm clscl bm zfom d`od`vmb m bm bêolm lkumtfr`mb. L lstl drupf sl lokulotrmo bfs rltlolcfrls t`pf emrrm. Lo lstl t`pf cl rltlolcfr bfs lbljlotfs qul bf kfost`tuylo omklo cl bm lstrukturm jltíb`km cl bm prûtls`s y su trmylktf kruzm lb jmrdlo d`od`vmb clb p`bmr.(8)

Ultlolcfr lo ‒S‚ 

@bustrmk`ûo 5; Ultlolcfr lo ‒S‚ 

  [l clofj`om msê pfrqul su ermzf rltlot`vf t`lol bm hfrjm cl S. Lb rltlo lcfr lo ‒S‚ pulcl tlolr sus cfs lxtrljfs lo bm zfom rltlot`vm f pulcl lstmr uo lxtrljf lo bm zfom rltlot`vm y lb ftrf lo bm lxpubs`vm. [` lb mpfyf ls jls`mb lstl rltlolcfr pulcl kmusmr uo jfv`j`lotf jls`f-b`odumb clb p`bmr clb lxtrljf b`erl. (8)

@oc`kmk`fols1   

•

@oc`kmcf lo bm Kbmsl @ y @@ kumocf lodmoknm lb íodubf c`stfeukmb clb p`bmr.

  Lo lb lxtrljf b`erl kumocf bfs p`bmrls t`lolo su rltlok`ûo lo c`stmb y/f lo p`bmrls

•

 pfstlr`frls kfo zfoms rltlot`vms mcymklotls clb lspmk`f lcàotubf.   Lo p`bmrls pfstlr`frls kfo zfoms rltlot`vms mcymklotls mb lspmk`f lcàotubf.

•

  Lo kmsfs cl kbmsl @@@ kuym rltlok`ûo tmje`ào lstí s`tumcm lo bm kmrm c`stfvlst`eubmr.

•

  Eulom lstàt`km lo kmo`ofs y prljfbmrls `ohlr`frls

•

  Jfc`h`kmk`fols cl lstl rltlolcfr sfo lb P, lb K kuyms `oc`kmk`fols y

•

kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols sfo príkt`kmjlotl `dumbls mb S.(8)

 

55

Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1   Lxtrljfs b`erls kfo rltlok`ûo lo eukmb

•

  Qfoms rltlot`vms prfhuocms lo bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs mcymklotls mb p`bmr

•

  Kmo`ofs y prljfbmrls suplr`frls cfocl lb kfolktfr jlofr pmrlkl slr juy slos`ebl.

•

(8) 

Xlotmams   Mb ut`b`zmr bm zfom rltlot`vm clb p`bmr lo lb lxtrljf b`erl lv`tm qul mqulb sl

•

trmujmt`kl.   Eulom lstàt`km lo kmo`ofs y prljfbmrls `ohlr`frls.

•

  Kfotmktm pfkm suplrh`k`l clotmr`m.

•

  Jís vlrsít`b pmrm lb c`slýf.

•

  Yfr bm hfrjm cl bm rltlok`ûo, sfo jís hblx`ebls mb pfolrbfs lo su s`t`f qul mb

•

rlt`rmrbfs cl bm efkm. (8)

Clsvlotmams   C`hêk`b cl maustmr.

•

  Bm lstme`b`cmc of ls tmo eulom kfjf lo bfs rltlolcfrls k`rkuohlrlok`mbls.

•

  Bm lstàt`km ls pferl lo lb jmx`bmr suplr`fr.

•

  Yulcl mtrmpmr mb`jlotfs cfocl lb kfolktfr jlofr kruzm lb jmrdlo d`od`vmb. (8)

•

‒K‚

Ultlolcfr lo

 

@bustrmk`ûo 53 Ultlolcfr lo ‒K‚  

Yfsll uom jmyfr lstàt`km qul lb rltlolcfr lo ‒S‚

 

5;

@oc`kmk`fols1   Yfsll uom jmyfr lstàt`km qul lb rltlolcfr lo ‒S‚ y cl `dumb hfrjm sl `oc`km lo uo

•

lxtrljf b`erl kumocf bfs p`bmrls t`lolo mbdño t`pf cl rltlok`ûo lo c`stmb y/f lo p`bmrls  pfstlr`frls kfo zfoms rltlot`vms mcymklotls mb lspmk`f lspm k`f lcàotubf. •

  S`lol bms j`sjms `oc`kmk`fols qul lb rltlolcfr S s`locf uo pfkf jís lstàt`kf   [l usm jís m jloucf lo prljfbmrls suplr`frls, pmrm jlafrls rlsubtmcfs. (8)

•

Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1   Bms j`sjms qul bms clb rltlolcfr lo ‒S‚  

•

  Lo c`lotls qul t`lolo lb lkumcfr juy klrkm cl bm kmrm fkbusmb pfrqul krlm uo

•

lspmk`f clemaf clb kfolktfr clb ermzf rltlot`vf. Lstl prfebljm ls kfjño m tfcfs bfs rltlolcfrls t`pf emrrm. (8)  

Ultlolcfr lo ‒@‚ 

 

@bustrmk`ûo 5< Ultlolcfr lo ‒@‚ 

Lb rltlolcfr hul `otrfcuk`cf pfr Grmtfknvb, lb j`sjf qul huok`fom hu ok`fom lo kfoauotf kfo uo pbmof duêm c`stmb y uo mpfyf jls`mb7 trmemam lo uo írlm cl rltlok`ûo jmyfr curmotl bm huok`ûo y ls clslodmoknmcf clb c`lotl mb mktumr bm hulrzm fkbusmb sferl bfs c`lotls clb lxtrljf b`erl. Grfb jfc`h`kû lb kfoklptf y bf cltlrj`oû CY@ pfr1 Clskmosf fkbusmb lo jls`mb, Ybmof duêm c`stmb y emrrm @.(8) (=9) 

@oc`kmk`fols1    Lo lb lxtrljf b`erl, sferl tfcf lo prljfbmrls `ohlr`frls.

•

  Lo efkms kfo kmr`ls rmjpmotl pfrqul kuerl lb jêo`jf clb lsjmbtl.

•

  Lo kbmsls @ y @@ lo lb p`bmr jís c`stmb kumocf nmy uo íodubf rltlot`vf jls`mb f lo bm pmrtl

•

klotrmb cl eukmb.

 

53

  Lb clskmosf fkbusmb sl prlpmrm kfo uom hrlsm rlcfocm oñjlrf 8 lo jls`f-fkbusmb clb p`bmr

•

clb lxtrljf b`erl.   Bm pbmkm cl kfotmktf prfx`jmb sl ue`km lo c`stmb clb p`bmr. (8)

•

Kfotrm`oc`kmk`fols1   Kumocf nmy íodubfs rltlot`vfs lo bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs qul of plrj`tlo uom prfx`j`cmc

•

klrkmom cl bm emrrm m bm jukfsm, lstf pulcl `rr`tmr lb tla`cf d`od`vmb.   @osuh`k`lotl prfhuoc`cmc cl vlstêeubf pmrm plrj`t`r m bm emsl clb ermzf @ tlolr pfr bf

•

jlofs ;jj cl slpmrmk`ûo kfo lb hfocf cl surkf   Kumocf lb p`bmr t`lol uom slvlrm `okb`omk`ûo m b`odumb y of prlslotm rltlok`ûo eukmb.

•

(8)

Xlotmams1 •

 

Ylrj`tl qul bm prûtls`s sl julvm s`o trmujms.

  Eulom lstàt`km y lv`tm n`plrpbms`m clb tla`cf d`od`vmb.

•

   Of mbtlrm lb kfotfrof momtûj`kf ofrjmb clb p`bmr. (8)

•

Ultlolcfr lo ‒UY@ f CY@‚  Ls uo c`slýf cl dmoknf lo emrrm qul kfostm cl1 =.  ‒C" Clskmosf fkbusmb f "U" lb mpfyf s`ljprl jls`mb jls`mb m bm erlknm  5.  "Y" bm pbmkm prfx`jmb sl ue`km o c`stmb clb p`bmr ;.  "@" lb ermzf vlst`eubmr cl rltlok`ûo

@bustrmk`ûo 58 Ultlolcfr ‒CY@‚  

Bm pbmkm prfx`jmb auotf kfo lb kfolktfr jlofs y lb mpfyf prfpfrk`fomo bm lstme`b`cmc y rlk`prfk`cmc clb dmoknf.

 

5<

Bm emrrm lo @ sl clel bfkmb`zmr lo lb tlrk`f d`od`vmb cl bm suplrh`k`l vlst`eubmr clb p`bmr lo uo sfkmvmcf cl 9,5jj. (=) Lx`stlo ; lohfquls eís`kfs mb mpb`kmr lb s`stljm UY@1 =.  Bfkmb`zmk`ûo clb mpfyf 5.  C`slýf clb kfolktfr jlofr lo rlbmk`ûo kfo lb pbmof duêm ;.  Ljpbmzmj`lotf clb ermzf rltlot`vf(=)

Ultlolcfr lo ‒UYM f CYM‚  [l kfjpfol cl1 =.  ‒C‚ Clskmosf fkbusmb f ‒U‚ Mpfyf fkbusmb  5.  Y 1 Ybmof duêm ;.  Ultlolcfr Mkglrs

@bustrmk`ûo 54 Ultlolcfr ‒UYM‚  

@oc`kmk`fols1    Lstl rltlolcfr qul sl ljpblm lo lb lxtrljf b`erl kumocf lb surkf vlst`eubmr ls pfkf

•

 prfhuocf f kumocf bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs cl lsm zfom t`lolo uo íodubf rltlot`vf  prfouok`mcf.(=)   Yrljfbmrls `ohlr`frls

•

  Lo efkms kfo kmr`ls rmjpmotls pfrqul kuerl lb jêo`jf cl lsjmbtl

•

  Kumocf bm zfom rltlot`vm ls juy plqulým pfrqul feb`dm m usmr uo rltlolcfr pfkf

•

rls`stlotl   Lo s`tumk`fols cfocl bm lstàt`km ls bm pr`jlrm kfos`clrmk`ûo. (=)

•

 

58

ULSLOLCFU @OC@ULKSF

@bustrmk`ûo 5> Ultlolcfr `oc`rlktf

 

[fo lbljlotfs cl bm prûtls`s pmrk`mb rljfv`ebl cl lxtrljf b`erl f Clotfjukfsfpfrtmcm qul ms`stlo m bfs rltlolcfrls c`rlktfs m prlvlo`r lb clspbmzmj`lotf clspbmz mj`lotf cl bms emsls cl lxtlos`ûo c`stmb lo slot`cf fkbusmb.(==) (8) @jp`clo lb blvmotmj`lotf cl bm emsl cl bm prûtls`s pfr bm mkk`ûo cl bm mdrls`v`cmc cl bfs mb`jlotfs, bm hulrzm cl bm blodum y bfs kmrr`bbfs f bm hulrzm cl bm drmvlcmc lo bfs kmsfs cl  prûtls`s clb jmx`bmr suplr`fr. (==)(8) Ymrm c`slýmr uo rltlolcfr `oc`rlktf sl e`slktm e`slk tm bm bêolm cl hubkruj y pmrt`locf clb cl b puotf jlc`f, sl prfylktm uom plrploc`kubmr nmk`m mclbmotl nmstm kfotmktmr kfo uom p`lzm clotmr`m bm kumb slrêm bm `clmb pmrm rlk`e`r uo rltlolcfr `oc`rlktf pfr slr bm jís mblamcm cl bm bêolm cl hubkruj. [` lstm p`lzm of ls bf suh`k`lotljlotl hulrtl sl clspbmzm bm ue`kmk`ûo clb mpfyf nmk`m c`stmb nmstm lokfotrmr uom p`lzm clotmb hulrtl qul dlolrmbjlotl ls lb kmo`of. (==)(8)  Ouokm sl clel kfbfkmr kfbfkmr uo rltlolcfr ``oc`rlktf oc`rlktf jís mtrís cl bm hfsm jls`mb clb pr`jlr prljfbmr `ohlr`fr

Bêolm cl hubkruj1 ls bm bêolm `jmd`omr`m qul pmsm pfr bfs pr`ok`pmbls mpfyfs fkbusmbls cl uom Y.Y.U. Ymsm lotrl bfs cfs pr`ok`pmbls p`bmrls s`tumcfs auotfs m bfs lspmk`fs clsclotmcfs cl lxtrljf b`erl qul kfotrfbmo lb jfv`j`lotf rftmtfr`f

@bustrmk`ûo 50 Hubkruj 

 

54

KFOLKSFUL[ JMPFUL[ Lbljlotf rêd`cf qul kfolktm bms pmrtls cl bm prûtls`s cl uo bmcf cl bm mrkmcm kfo bms clb bmcf fpulstf y prfpfrk`fom lstme`b`cmc kruzmcm qul sl fpfol mb clspbmzmj`lotf. Mcljís uol m bm prûtls`s kfo lb c`lotl c`rlktm l `oc`rlktmjlotl.(8)

UL]\LU@J@LOSF[   U`d`clz

•

   Of `otlrhlr`r kfo bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs

•

  Lv`tmr lb mkñjubf cl mb`jlotfs

•

  Hfrjm

•

@OC@KMK@FOL[1 Lb efrcl clb kfolktfr jmyfr ouokm clel tlrj`omr lo lb jmrdlo d`od`vmb pfrqul kmusmrêm `rr`tmk`ûo clb j`sjf, ls prlhlr`ebl qul bfs efrcls sl ue`qulo mblamcfs clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb. Clelo tlrj`omr < f 8 jj clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb lo lb jmx`bmr suplr`fr y ;jj f jís lo lb jmx`bmr `ohlr`fr. (8)

KFOLKSFUL[ JMPFUL[ CLB JM^@BMU [\YLU@FU1 Emrrm pmbmt`om s`jpbl Hfrjm1 cl jlc`m buom bm pmrtl pbmom lo `ot`jf kfotmktf kfo bm jukfsm pmbmt`om, moknf jlofr m >jj Bm jís s`jpbl y lrrûolmjlotl lb jís usmcf lo lb jmx`bmr suplr`fr, ls `dumb cl kfotrfvlrt`cf qul lb kfolktfr lo u

\e`kmk`ûo1 kmrm c`stmb clb pr`jlr jfbmr y bms hûvlms pmbmt`oms, b`dlrm kurvmturm cl kfokmv`cmc motlr`fr, ouokm clel hfrjmr uo íodubf lo su uo`ûo kfo bm emsl cl bm clotmcurm, jís moknm qul mbtm pmrm qul slm rêd`cm y of jfblstl mb pfrtmcfr, clel tlolr lb jlofr rlkfrr`cf pfs`ebl @oc`kmcf   Lo clotfsfpfrtmcfs cl erlknms pfstlr`frls kfrtms

•

  Kbmsl @@ cl Gloolcy1 kfo eulo sfpfrtl jukfsf lo lb lxtrljf b`erl cfocl sl vmo m

•

rlljpbmzmr sûbf uom f cfs p`lzms clotmr`ms

 

5>

  fkbus`ûo motmdûo`km ls càe`b kfjf lb kmsf cl uom prûtls`s tftmb `ohlr`fr.(8)

•

Clsvlotmams1    Of cmo eulo sfpfrtl.

•

  [` of lstí e`lo c`slýmcf of t`lol r`d`clz.

•

  Yrlslotmo kumtrf efrcls qul kfotmktmo kfo bm blodum. Lo bf pfs`ebl bfs efrcls clb

•

kfolktfr clelo tlrj`omr lo bms clprls`fols lotrl rudms pmbmt`oms. (8)

 @bustrmk`ûo ;9 Emrrm Ymbmt`om [`jpbl. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998

Cfebl emrrm pmbmt`om Hfrjm1 emrrm pmbmt`om motlr`fr y ftrm pfstlr`fr qul uolo bms emsls pfr mjefs lxtrljfs.    emrrm pmbmt`om pfstlr`fr j`sjms kmrmktlrêst`kms cl bm emrrm pmbmt`om s`jpbl.

•

   emrrm pmbmt`om motlr`fr ls jís pbmom, kfjf uom k`otm qul rlprfcukl bm

•

kfoh`durmk`ûo cl bms rudms pmbmt`oms y sus efrcls motlr`fr y pfstlr`fr ue`kmcfs lo bms clprls`fols cl bms rudms y ouokm lo bm krlstm cl bms j`sjms

   er`ocm jmyfr r`d`clz kfo jlofr vfbujlo.

•

  Ylrj`tl rlspltmr kfos`clrmk`fols plr`fcfotmbls

•

`oc`kmk`fols   clotfsfpfrtmcfs f clotfjukfsfpfrtmcfs kfo eulofs p`bmrls y rlefrcls mbvlfbmrls

•

 prfj`olotls

   erlknms sfo bmrdms

•

  tfrus pmbmt`of of fplrmebl

•

  rlljpbmzmr p`lzms motlr`fs

•

Kfotrm`oc`kmk`ûo  eûvlcm pmbmt`om mbtm pfrqul bm emrrm pmbmt`om motlr`fr `otlrh`lrl bm hfomk`ûo.

 

50

clsvlotmam   of cm uo eulo sfpfrtl y kumocf of lstí e`lo c`slýmcf of t`lol r`d`clz,

•

  kumtrf efrcls qul kfotmktmo kfo bm blodum.(8)

•

Bfzm m  @bustrmk`ûo ;= Emrrm Ymbmt`om Cfebl. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfz Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998

Kfolktfr pmbmt`of kfje`omcf kfo uom emocm motlr`fr y ftrm pfstlr`fr Lstrukturm1  Of rêd`cf, emocm motlr`fr y pfstlr`fr uo`cfs pfr kfolktfrls bfod`tuc`ombls, kmcm pmrtl sl mpfym lo kfotrm cl pfs`ebls tfrs`fols y hblx`fols, hblx`ûo kms` `olx`stlotl, ljpblmcf lo kms` tfcfs bfs c`slýfs Emocm pfstlr`fr1 pbmom, moknurm j`o`jm cl >jj

\e`kmk`ûo1 Kfbfkmcfs bf jís blafs pfs`ebl pmrm lv`tmr `otlrhlrlok`ms kfo bm blodum, pfr clbmotl cl bm bêolm qul c`v`cl lb pmbmcmr curf y ebmocf. Kfotrm`oc`kmk`ûo1 tfrus qul sl lxt`locl nmk`m mtrís. @oc`kmk`fols1  Kumbqu`lr kbmsl cl Gloolcy, plrf jís hrlkulotl `` y `v. (=)

Emrrm f K`otm Ymbmt`om Hfrjm cl uom hrmoam pbmom y moknm Ulljpbmzm m bm emrrm pmbmt`om s`jpbl. [`o kmusmr jfblst`ms mb pmk`lotl pfr su pfkf drfsfr. t`lol uom b`dlrm lblvmk`ûo lo su pmrtl klotrmb qul vm cl bmcf m bmcf. Clel tlolr êot`jf kfotmktf kfo bm jukfsm pmbmt`om. \e`kmk`ûo1 pmrtl klotrmb clb pmbmcmr. su efrcl pfstlr`fr pulcl lxtloclrsl nmstm bbms ms hûvlms  pmbmt`oms sûbf lo kmsfs lxklpk`fombls, su efrcl efr cl motlr`fr, kumocf bbldm m bm zfom cl bms rudms rud ms  pmbmt`oms, clel sldu`r bms clprls`fols hfrjmcms pfr àstms. @oc`kmk`fols1   Kbmsl bbb cl erlknm moknm.(8)(=)

•

 

;9

 @bustrmk`ûo ;5 Emrrm û K`otm Ymbmt`om. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm B fzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998

Ybmkm Ymbmt`om lo nlrrmcurm f kfolktfr lo hfrjm cl \ Hfrjm1 cl \, lb efrcl motlr`fr clel lstmr pfr bf jlofs m 8 jj clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls, su pfrk`ûo motlr`fr lstí ue`kmcm sferl bms rudms pmbmt`oms, bms j`sjms qul clelo slr rlprfcuk`cms lo lb jltmb pmrm lv`tmr c`h`kubtmcls hfoàt`kms, muoqul lstf, mb j`sjf t`ljpf c`sj`ouyl bm r`d`clz. Lo bfs kmsfs qul lstl kfolktfr tfjl kfotmktf kfo bfs c`lotls motlr`frls ouokm clel nmklrbf sferl suplrh`k`ls `okb`omcms cl bms kmrms b`odumbls s`of sferl clskmosfs lsplk`mbjlotl  prlpmrmcfs Bfs efrcls pfstlr`frls clelo slr rlcfoclmcfs, lxklptf, m o`vlb clb rmhl jlc`f prfj`olotl. Lb efrcl pmbmt`of sl clel ue`kmr lo bm uo`ûo cl bms suplrh`k`ls vlrt`kmb y nfr`zfotmb clb  pmbmcmr y mcljís, clel slr uo efrcl uo`hfrjl uo`hfr jl y of `rrldubmr. @oc`kmk`fols   Kumocf sl sust`tuylo vmr`fs c`lotls motlr`frls lx`stl uo tfrus pmbmt`of qul sl

•

lxt`locl cljms`mcf nmk`m bm pfrk`ûo pfstlr`fr

  Kumocf lb pmk`lotl of tfblrm uo kfolktfr pfstlr`fr.

•

Clsvlotmams    Of ls uo kfolktfr smt`shmktfr`f

•

   Of fhrlkl uo eulo sfpfrtl y kumocf of lstí ls tí e`lo c`slýmcf of fhrlkl r`d`clz y pulcl

•

fkms`fomr hblx`fols bmtlrmbls kumocf lstí sfjlt`cf m hulrzms fkbusmbls `ocuk`locf m tfrs`fols f hulrzms bmtlrmbls m bfs p`bmrls.(=5) (8)

 

;=

 @bustrmk`ûo ;; Ybmkm Ymbmt`om lo nlrrmcurm. C`slýf C `slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c  Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

Ybmkm Ymbmt`om Ymrk`mb Hfrjm1   Qfom jís lxtlosm clb pmbmcmr (jís sfpfrtl y lstme`b`cmc). clbdmcf y clel

•

rlprfcuk`r bm momtfj`m clb pmbmcmr.

  Efrcl motlr`fr tlrj`om sferl uo clskmosf lo bm kmrm b`odumb cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls

•

fbmsslrudms mpmrtmpmbmt`oms cl lbbfsypfr bf jlofs 8 jjjlc`m clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb kruzmocf bm b`olm lo íodubf rlktf.s`du`locf bfs vmbbls cl   Lstl efrcl motlr`fr, kumocf sl mpmrtm clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls,

•

ouokm clel prfylktmrsl jís mbbí cl bfs rltlolcfrls `oc`rlktfs f cl bm bêolm cl bfs clskmosfs fkbusmbls f cl mjefs.

  Lb efrcl pfstlr`fr, lo bm uo`ûo clb pmbmcmr curf y pmbmcmr ebmocf, kruzm bm b`olm

•

jlc`m lo íodubf rlktf y bbldm m o`vlb cl bfs surkfs nmjubmrls muoqul lo mbduofs kmsfs pulcl ue`kmrsl jís mclbmotl sûbf lo su pfrk`ûo jlc`m. Lstl efrcl pfstlr`fr clel slr slbbmcf.

@oc`kmk`fols •

  Kbmsl = y bb cl GLOOLCP cfocl sl clelo rlljpbmzmr, mcljís c`lotls motlr`frls   Kbmsl @b kfo erlknms lcàotubms mjpb`ms

•

  Kbmsl @X kumocf sl rlqu`lrm jmyfr lstme`b`cmc y sfpfrtl jukfsf mc`k`fomb mb

•

sfpfrtl clotmr`f

  Lo pmbmcmrls lo hfrjm cl X f \ kumocf nmy jís cl sl`s c`lotls motlr`frls

•

rljmolotls,

  Kumocf bfs rlefrcls rls`cumbls nmo suhr`cf rlmesfrk`ûo vlrt`kmb of juy lxtlosm y

•

fhrlklo eulo sfpfrtl y kumocf bfs p`bmrls sfo mclkumcfs pmrm bm rltlok`ûo c`rlktm.

 

;5

nlrrmcurm . C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c  @bustrmk`ûo ;3 Ybmkm Ymbmt`om lo nlrrmcurm.  Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

Ybmkm Ymbmt`om Sftmb Hfrjm1 kuerl tfcf lb pmbmcmr. Bm pfrk`ûo motlr`fr sl mpfym sferl clskmosfs prlpmrmcfs lo bms p`lzms motlr`frls, tfjm kfotmktf kfo tfcfs f kms` tfcfs bfs c`lotls rljmolotls Lb efrcl pfstlr`fr clel tlrj`omr mb o`vlb f klrkm cl bm uo`ûo cl bfs tla`cfs jûv`bls l `ojûv`bls pmrm tlolr jlafr sfpfrtl, kruzm bm b`olm jlc`m lo íodubf rlktf y bbldm nmstm lb o`vlb cl mjefs surkfs nmjubmrls. @oc`kmk`fols1   Y`bmrls y lb rlefrcl rls`cumb sfo pferls. s` lb sfpfrtl cl bfs c`lotls rljmolotls of

•

ls eulof7

  Kbmsl @ cl GLOOLCP rljmolotls sfo tfcfs f mbduofs cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls

•

mbduofs duofs c`lotls motlr`frls y p`lzms pfstlr`frls   Kbmsl @@ cl GLOOLCP m rlljpbmzmr mb

•

clb bmcf fpulstf mb lxtrljf b`erl7

  Kbmsl @ cfocl nmy cl uof m kumtrf prljfbmrls y tfcfs f mbduofs cl bfs c`lotls

•

motlr`frls

  Ulmesfrk`ûo ûslm vlrt`kmb nm s`cf kfos`clrmebl

•

  Lo bfs kmsfs kfo jfrc`cm hulrtl, kumocf lb pmbmcmr ls pfkf nuoc`cf7

•

  Kumocf nmy kfjuo`kmk`ûo eukf omsmb

•

  Yrûtls`s trmos`tfr`m m bm prûtls`s tftmb.(8)

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;;

 @bustrmk`ûo ;< Ybmkm Ymbmt`om Sftmb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Bf zm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

KFOLKSFUL[ JMPFUL[ CLB JM^@BMU @OHLU@FU Emrrm b`odumb Cl lblkk`ûo s`ljprl qul nmym lspmk`f suh`k`lotl lotrl lb jmrdlo d`od`vmb b`odumb cl bms  p`lzms motlr`frls y lb p`sf cl bm efkm lblvmcf. Msê sl dmrmot`zm dmr mot`zm qul bm ue`kmk`ûo cl bm emrrm of `otlrh`lrm kfo lb hrlo`bbf b`odumb f kfo lb p`sf cl bm efkm.

Hfrjm1 Lo uo kfrtl trmosvlrsmb v`lol bm hfrjm cl jlc`m buom, lb efrcl suplr`fr clel slr  pmrmblbf mb jmrdlo d`od`vmb cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls `ohlr`frls y kfo uom uo m slpmrmk`ûo jêo`jm cl ; jj. Lb efrcl `ohlr`fr clel ue`kmrsl tmo emaf kfjf bfs tla`cfs clb p`sf cl bm  efkm bf plrj`tmo. Ulcfoclmcf s`o efrcls mh`bmcfs, jís clbdmcf lo suplr`fr y jís vfbuj`ofsf lo `ohlr`fr. Bm hfrjm kbêo`km cl jlc`r ls jlc`motl uom zfom y bm blodum clel tfkmr b`dlrmjlotl lb efrcl rfaf clb bme`f y bm ftrm hfrjm ls kfo uom `jprls`ûo

@oc`kmk`fols   Kbmsl @@@ cl GLOOLCP

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  Kbmsl @ y @b kfo rlefrcls prfj`olotls, p`bmrls hulrtls qul fhrlzkmo eulom rltlok`ûo

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c`rlktm y kumocf sl pulcmo ljpblmr rltlolcfrls `oc`rlktfs kfo mpfyfs qul omzkmo cl bm j`sjm emrrm b`odumb.(8)

 @bustrmk`ûo ;8 Emrrm B`odumb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Ym rk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

 

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Cfebl Emrrm B`odumb Hfrjm1 kfje`omk`ûo cl uom emrrm b`odumb y uom emrrm cl GLOOLCP F dmoknf kfot`ouf cl GLOOLCP. Bm emrrm suplr`fr f emrrm cl GLOOLCP clel clskmosmr sferl lb kêodubf, sus efrcls of clelo nmklr juknf rlb`lvl sferl bm suplrh`k`l clb c`lotl y lo kmcm lxtrljf clel tlolr tfpls fkbusmbls (mpfyfs fkbusmbls f `ok`smbls) pmrm lv`tmr su clspbmzmj`lotf y qul lalrzm mkk`ûo frtfcfok`km sferl bfs c`lotls motlrf`ohlr`frls. su efrcl suplr`fr of sl  pulcl mblamr juknf clb jmrdlo d`od`vmb pmrm cmr r`d`clz m bm prûtls`s. Yfr Y fr lstm rmzûo, lb lspmk`f qul nmy lotrl bms cfs emrrms ls modfstf y pulcl mtrmpmr mb`jlotfs.   Lstme`b`cmc m bm prûtls`s.

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  Hlrub`zmr bms p`lzms motlr`frls `ohlr`frls.

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  Er`ocmr rltlok`ûo `oc`rlktm m bm prûtls`s.

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@oc`kmcf   Kumocf lx`stlo c`mstljms lotrl bfs c`lotls motlrf`ohlr`frls qul kfotrm`oc`kmo lb usf

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cl bm pbmkm b`odumb7

  Lo prûtls`s clotfjukfsfpfrtmcms cfocl ls olklsmr`m bm rltlok`ûo `oc`rlktm

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  Kumocf bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs mbrlclcfr cl bfs c`lotls motlrf`ohlr`frls of sfo h`rjls

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o` smbucmebls y sl olkls`tm mbduom hlrub`zmk`ûo cl bfs j`sjfs.(8)

Yrût ls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm  @bustrmk`ûo ;4 Cfebl Emrrm B`odumb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

Ybmkm B`odumb û Emrrm klrrmcm cl Gloolcy, Emocm B`odumb f Kue`lrtm B`odumb Hfrjm y ue`kmk`ûo1 F emrrm klrrmcm cl GLOOLCP, emocm b`odumb f kue`lrtm b`odumb. kfolktfr lo hfrjm cl pbmkm qul sl lxt`locl clscl lb kêodubf cl bfs c`lotls motlr`frls, nmstm lb surkf b`odumb, lb efrcl `ohlr`fr ls jís drulsf Lstm pbmkm clel s`jubmr lo su suplrh`k`l b`erl bm momtfjêm cl bfs c`lotls qul kuerl mpfyfs fkbusmbls lo kmcm lxtrljf cl bm pbmkm b`odumb ym slm lo bfs kmo`ofs f lo bm hfsm jls`mb cl bfs pr`jlrfs prljfbmrls.

 

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Kumocf nmy rlkls`ûo d`od`vmb f c`mstljms lo bms p`lzms motlrf-`ohlr`frls, pmrm qul bm pbmkm b`odumb of slm v`s`ebl, àstm clel kuer`r sûbf bm suplrh`k`l b`odumb s`o pmsmr sferl bfs lspmk`fs `otlrprfx`jmbls Bm mbturm fkbusfd`od`vmb cl bm emrrm b`odumb cl krfjf kfembtf clel slr cl uo j`o`jf cl 3 jj pmrm tlolr r`d`clz mclkumcm. Mcljís, uom c`stmok`m j`o`jm cl ; jj lslok`mb lotrl lb  efrcl suplr`fr cl bm emrrm y bfs jírdlols jírd lols d`od`vmbls [` of nmy suh`k`lotl lspmk`f lb c`slýf mbtlromt`vf ls bm pbmkm b`odumb.

@oc`kmcf   Kbmsl @ cl GLOOLCP kfo rlmesfrk`ûo mbvlfbmr vlrt`kmb qul of mhrlkl eulom

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rls`stlok`m m bfs jfv`j`lotfs nfr`zfotmbls cl bm emsl.

  Kumocf lb hrlo`bbf b`odumb ls mbtf f nmy pfkf lspmk`f lotrl lb jmrdlo d`od`vmb y lb

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surkf b`odumb mbvlfbmr

  Lspmk`f jlofr cl >jj.

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   Olkls`cmc cl hlrub`zmr bfs c`lotls motlr`frls `ohlr`frls. `ohlr`fr ls.

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  Sfrus jmoc`eubmr.   Yrfoûst`kf cl bms p`lzms motlrf`ohlr`frls rljmolotls ls cucfsf, cl jfcf qul

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 pulclo slr lxtrmêcms pfstlr`frjlotl y mdrldmcms bms p`lzms mrt`h`k`mbls.

Clsvlotmams    pr`vm mb tla`cf jukfsf qul kuerl clb lstêjubf h`s`fbûd`kf cl bm blodum

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  hmk`b`tm bm rltlok`ûo cl mb`jlotfs

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  lrfs`fom bm suplrh`k`l b`odumb cl bfs c`lotls kumocf bm prûtls`s sl usm kfot`oumjlotl

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s`o uom eulom n`d`lol frmb

  s` sl ursm cl jmolrm kfrrlktm ls uo kfolktfr lstme`b`zmcfr, kûjfcf pmrm lb pmk`lotl

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y er`ocm eulom rltlok`ûo `oc`rlktm   kuer`r bfs jírdlols d`od`vmbls pulcl of kfocuk`r m uom smbuc d`od`vmb mclkumcm. (8)

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 @bustrmk`ûo ;> Ybmkm B`odumb û Emrrm klrrmcm cl Gloolcy, Gl oolcy, Emocm B`odumb f Kue`lrtm  B`odumb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, Hlroíoclz , N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

 

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Emrrm Bme`mb \e`km1 lo bm pmrtl eukmb. Hfrjm1 kfje`omk`ûo cl uom emrrm bme`mb kfo kfolktfrls lo ` sl kfofkl kfo lb ofjerl cl "[w`od Bfkg". Yrlhlr`cm ls cl bme`mb. jlc`m juy buom.hblx`ebl tmo r`d`cm bm emrrm b`odumb y ue`kmrsl sferl bm krlstmkfo clbbm nulsf mbvlfbmr pfrkfjf bm jmyfr bfod`tuc qul t`lol lo kfjpmrmk`ûo  emrrm b`odumb

@oc`kmcf   Ylrc`cm cl p`bmrls kbmvl kfjf kmo`ofs, lotfokls sl ut`b`zm tfcfs bfs c`lotls

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rljmolotls pmrm kfosldu`r rltlok`ûo y lstme`b`cmc.

  Kfotfrofs clshmvfrmebls cl p`lzms clotmbls f clb tla`cf ebmocf.

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  C`lotls `ohlr`frls hulrtljlotl `okb`omcfs m b`odumb.

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  Hlrub`zmk`ûo cl bms p`lzms motlrf-`ohlr`frls qul t`lolo jfv`b`cmc pfr prfebljms

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 plr`fcfotmbls   C`lotls kfo prfofst`kf cucfsf cle`cf m qul lo lb sw`od bfkg tfcfs bfs c`lotls rljmotls mktñmo kfjf p`bmrls of sl kfjpfjltlr`m bm rltlok`ûo y lstme`b`cmc lo juy mbtf drmcf.

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Kfotrm`oc`kmk`ûo1   Ymk`lotl kfo hmbtm cl n`d`lol frmb y cl kfotrfb cl pbmkm

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  Xlstêeubfs pbmofs

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  Hrlo`bbfs kfo `oslrk`ûo mbtm. (8)

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 @bustrmk`ûo ;0 Emrrm Bme`mb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

Emrrm [ueb`odumb Xlrs`ûo jís hulrtl y jís r`d`cm qul bm emrrm b`odumb. [u pr`ok`p`f huocmjlotmb ls lv`tmr kuer`r `oolklsmr`mjlotl bfs c`lotls rljmolotls y bfs jírdlols d`od`vmbls. Ls uom mbtlromt`vm pmrm bm pbmkm b`odumb ls bm emrrm sueb`odumb

 

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\e`kmk`ûo1 sl kfbfkm jís memaf qul bm emrrm b`odumb, qulcmocf sferl bm pmrtl motlr`fr clb sulbf cl bm efkm y pmrmblbm mb j`sjf. @oc`kmk`fols1   Ulljpbmzm m uom pbmkm b`odumb kumocf lb hrlo`bbf b`odumb of `otlrh`lrl y lo kmsfs cl

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rlpb`lduls rltlot`vfs lo bm suplrh`k`l b`odumb qul rlqu`lrmo uo ebfqulf kfos`clrmebl

Kfotrm`oc`kmk`ûo1   Sfrus jmoc`eubmr.

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  Mbtm `oslrk`ûo clb hrlo`bbf b`odumb.

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  @otlrhlrlok`ms mb lblvmrsl lb sulbf cl bm efkm curmotl bfs jfv`j`lotfs

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huok`fombls.(8)

@bustrmk`ûo 39 Mquê sl feslrvm lb erfknl qul h`am lo pfs`k`ûo m bm emrrm bme`mb. C`slýf cl Yrûtls`s Ymrk`mb Uljfv`ebl, Cmv`c Bfzm Hlroíoclz, N. Ufcoly Xmbvlrcl Jfotmbvm, 5998.

KFOC@K@FOL[ CL BM L^SLO[@ÛO CL BF[ KFOLKSFUL[ JMPFUL[ Lxtlos`ûo clb lspmk`f lcàotubf1 [` ls kfrtf1 Emrrm [` ls lxtlosf1 Ybmkm. (8) Kfoc`k`ûo Ylr`fcfotmb [` ls eulom1 Emrrm [` ls rldubmr1 K`otm [` ls jmbm1 Ybmkm. (8)

S`pf cl rlefrcl mbvlfbmr [` ls prfj`olotl1 Emrrm

 

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[` ls rldubmr1 Emrrm û K`otm [` ls rlmesfre`cf1 Ybmkm. (8)

S`pf cl jukfsm mbvlfbmr [` ls h`rjl y rls`blotl1 Emrrm [` ls clbdmcm y clspbmzmebl1 Ybmkm S`pf cl clotmcurm lo lb jmx`bmr fpulstf [` bm clot`k`ûo ls omturmb1 Ybmkm [` bm clot`k`ûo ls mrt`h`k`mb1 Jlofr kfelrturm(8)

Hulrzm cl bm jfrc`cm1 Jfrc`cm càe`b1 Emrrm Jfrc`cm hulrtl1 Ybmkm(8)

KFOLKSFUL[ JLOFUL[ [fo kfjpfolotls cl bm YYU qul uolo lb kfolktfr jmyfr kfo bms ftrms uo`cmcls cl bm prûtls`s. Lstfs lbljlotfs t`lolo bm huok`ûo cl trmosj`t`r bm hulrzm fkbusmb cl bm prûtls`s m bfs p`bmrls y mcljís trmosh`lrlo lb lhlktf cl bfs rltlolcfrls, mpfyfs y kfjpfolotls lstme`b`zmcfrls mb rlstf cl bm prûtls`s.(=;) \o kfolktfr jlofr ls bm uo`ûo lotrl lb kfolktfr jmyfr y lb mpfyf fkbusmb. Lstl kfjpfolotl  er`ocm lstme`b`cmc pfr su kfotmktf kfo bm suplrh`k`l prfx`jmb clb p`bmr. [u ue`kmk`ûo clel slr lb lspmk`f `otlrclotmb pmrm of jfblstmr m bm blodum7 bm pmrtl jís prfhuocm clb lspmk`f `otlrprfx`jmb clel slr ebfqulmcm kfo klrm pmrm lv`tmr `otlrhlrlok`ms curmotl bm kfbfkmk`ûo y rljfk`ûo cl bm prûtls`s. Bms pbmkms prfx`jmbls qul kfotmktmo kfo bfs pbmofs cl bfs p`bmrls  er`ocmo lstme`b`cmc lstme`b`cmc y rltlok`ûo, b` b`j`tmocf j`tmocf lb oñjlrf cl pmtrfols cl rljfk`ûo. [l rlkfj`locm qul lb írlm cl lstms suplrh`k`ls sl jmotlodm mb jíx`jf pmrm prftldlr kfotrm bm `jpmktmk`ûo cl bfs mb`jlotfs y mujlotmr bm rltlok`ûo pfr hr`kk`ûo. Bms suplrh`k`ls fpfs`tfrms clelo tmje`ào slr vlrt`kmb`zmcms. Bms suplrh`k`ls duêm (pbmofs duêms) clelo slr prlpmrmcms pr`jlrf qul bms cl bfs clskmosfs fkbusmbls y pmrmblbms mb lal cl `oslrk`ûo pbmolmcf, lb kumb dlolrmbjlotl ls plrploc`kubmr mb pbmof cl fkbus`ûo. (8)

 

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@bustrmk`ûo 3= Kfolktfr jlofr

Bfs kfolktfrls jlofrls clelo slr rêd`cfs y tlolr suh`k`lotl vfbujlo s`o bbldmr m kmusmr jfblst`ms kfo su prlslok`m. Ls jlafr of kuer`r bfs jírdlols d`od`vmbls kfo lstfs kfolktfrls. Bfs kfolktfrls jlofrls clelo tlolr `ot`jf kfotmktf kfo bfs pbmofs duêm cl bfs p`bmrls y su uo`ûo kfo lb kfolktfr jmyfr of clelo slr lo íodubf rlktf y kuer`locf bf jlofs pfs`ebl mb tla`cf d`od`vmb7 bfs íodubfs qul sl hfrjmo lo bm uo`ûo cl bfs kfolktfrls jmyfr y jlofr clelo slr rlcfoclmcfs. Kumocf sl ljpblmo cfs f jís kfolktfrls prûx`jfs lotrl sê, clel nmelr uom slpmrmk`ûo jêo`jm cl < jj lotrl lbbfs. (8) -  Lhlktf prfcuk`cf cl prûtls`s m p`bmrls1 Srmosh`lrlo bms kmrdms huok`fombls rlk`e`cms m bfs c`lotls p`bmrls lo qul sl mpfymo. -  Lhlktf prfcuk`cf cl p`bmrls m prûtls`s1 trmosj`tlo bms hulrzms mpb`kmcms m kumbqu`lrm cl bfs lbljlotfs cl bm prûtls`s pmrk`mb rljfv`ebl, mb kfolktfr jmyfr y m bfs tla`cfs  ebmocfs qul bl rfclmo.(=3)

 

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@bustrmk`ûo 35 rlbmk`ûo y lspmk`f lotrl kfolktfrls jlofrls

EM[L CL BM CLOSMC\UM Ls lb qu`otf kfjpfolotl cl bm lstrukturm cl bm clotmcurm clotmcur m pmrk`mb rljfv`ebl. Bm emsl clskmosm sferl bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs er`ocmocf sfpfrtl lstme`b`cmc y rltlok`ûo pmrm bms prûtls`s clotfjukfsfpfrtmcms.(=;)

Huok`fols cl bms emsls prftàs`kms1 Bms emsls cl bm clotmcurm f emsls prftàs`kms sfpfrtmo bfs c`lotls mrt`h`k`mbls y kfos`du`lotljlotl rlk`elo bms hulrzms huok`fombls cl bm fkbus`ûo y bms trmosh`lrlo m bms lstrukturms frmbls cl sfpfrtl.(=)

Jmtlr`mbls cl bms emsls cl bm clotmcurm Lb jmtlr`mb qul clskmosm sferl bfs tla`cfs pulcl slr jltmb f mkrêb`kf y clelo er`ocmr mtlok`ûo mtlok`û o  pmrm bfs c`lotls mrt`h`k`mbls.   Lb jltmb lstí `oc`kmcf lo bms prûtls`s clotfsfpfrtmcms qul of olkls`tmo slr rlemsmcms

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f rlljpbmzmr bfs kfotfrofs cl bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs pmrm smt`shmklr olkls`cmcls olkls `cmcls lstàt`kms f kumocf nmy hmbtm cl c`stmok`m `otlrfkbusmb. \om vlotmam qul t`lol lb jltmb sferl lb mkrêb`kf ls qul ls jís n`d`ào`kf bf kumb plrj`tl qul lb tla`cf rlspfocm jís hmvfrmebljlotl m àb.

 

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  Lb mkrêb`kf lstí `oc`kmcf kumocf lx`stl bm olkls`cmc cl rlemsmr bm emsl cl lxtlos`ûo

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c`stmb pmrm jmotlolr uo eulo sfpfrtl t`submr. Kumocf sl usm lb mkrêb`kf, 5 jj clb tla`cf sueymklotl m bm pbmkm prfx`jmb clel lstmr kue`lrtf cl jltmb. Lb kfolktfr cl bm  emsl cl bm clotmcurm qul rlt`lol lb mkrêb`kf cl bm emsl clel slr c`slýmcf kfo rlclk`bbm cl rltlok`ûo, kfbfkmcms kfo uo jêo`jf cl = jj cl lspmk`f lotrl lb tla`cf jukfsf y lb kfolktfr y kfbfkmcf pmbmt`om f b`odumbjlotl m bm krlstm clb rlefrcl pmrm c`spfolr clb jíx`jf lspmk`f olklsmr`f pmrm bfs c`lotls mrt`h`k`mbls.(=)

YMUMBLB@[JF Lb pmrmblb`zmcf y c`slýf prlb`j`omrls clelo rlmb`zmrsl lo lb jfclbf cl c`mdoûst`kf, motls cl  prfklclr m jfc`h`kmr f rlstmurmr bfs tla`cfs rljmolotls.(8) Lb pmrmb`zmcfr clotmb ls cl v`tmb `jpfrtmok`m pmrm pbmolmr lalkutmr y kfjprfemr bm prlk`s`ûo cl bms prlpmrmk`fols olklsmr`ms lo bms clotmcurms pmrk`mbls rljfv`ebls. Lb ljpblf ls lslok`mb  pmrm prfylktmr bms jfc`h`kmk`fols qul sl clelo `otrfcuk`r lo bm suplrh`k`l cl bfs c`lotls `jpb`kmcfs lo lb sfpfrtl lstme`b`zmk`ûo y rltlok`ûo cl bms prûtls`s y msê bfdrmr prûtls`s curmclrms y kûjfcms.(==) Lb pmrmb`zmcfr clotmb ls uo `ostrujlotf qul cltlrj`om lb pmrmblb`sjf rlbmt`vf cl 5 f jís suplrh`k`ls clotmbls f cl ftrms pmrtls clb jfclbf cl uom mrkmcm clotmb.

@bustrmk`ûo 3; Ymrmblb`sjf 

Fealt`vfs clb pmrmblb`zmcfr1

 

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-  @clot`h`kmr bms jfc`h`kmk`fols qul sl clelo `otrfcuk`r lo bms lstrukturms frmbls pmrm kfostru`r uom prûtls`s pmrk`mb rljfv`ebl kfo lb jlafr prfoûst`kf lstf sl kfos`dul kfo bm rljfclbmk`ûo cl bms suplrh`k`ls clotmbls cl jmolrm qul bfs kfjpfolotls cl bm  prûtls`s pmrk`mb sl mkfjfclo m bm pfs`k`ûo `clmb.(=) Lb pmrmblbêdrmhf ue`km bms zfoms cl kmje`fs olklsmr`fs pmrm kfrrld`r mclkumcmjlotl bfs c`lotls rljmolotls y bm hfrjm cl bms rlstmurmk`fols `oc`kmcms pmrm kfohlkk`fomr uom prûtls`s  pmrk`mb rljfv`ebl smbucmebl.(=)

Ymrmblb`zmk`ûo clb jfclbf cl lstuc`f1 Bm pmrmb`zmk`ûo clb jfclbf cl lstuc`f ls lslok`mb pmrm oft`h`kmr y pbmo`h`kmr lb trmtmj`lotf. Bfs fealt`vfs sfo bfs s`du`lotls1 =.  Bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo ûpt`jm qul lb`j`ol f j`o`j`kl bms `otlrhlrlok`ms curmotl bm kfbfkmk`ûo y bm rljfk`ûo cl bm prûtls`s. Bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo ls bm c`rlkk`ûo qul s`dul bm rlstmurmk`ûo clscl lb kfotmktf `o`k`mb cl sus pmrtls rêd`cms kfo bfs c`lotls cl sfpfrtl, nmstm bm pfs`k`ûo cl clskmosf kfo bfs mpfyfs lo sus blknfs y bm emsl cl bm clotmcurm lo kfotmktf kfo bm jukfsm. Bm vêm cl rljfk`ûo ls lxmktmjlotl bm `ovlrsm pfrqul ls bm c`rlkk`ûo qul s`dul bm  prûtls`s clscl su pfs`k`ûo cl clskmosf tlrj`omb nmstm lb ñbt`j ñbt`jff kfotmktf cl sus pmrtls rêd`cms kfo bfs c`lotls cl sfpfrtl. Kumocf bfs pbmofs duêm lstío pfs`t`vmjlotl c`slýmcfs lb pmk`lotl pulcl kfbfkmr y lxtrmlr bm prûtls`s kfo hmk`b`cmc sfbmjlotl lo uom c`rlkk`ûo lstf ls pfrqul bfs pbmofs duêm cl bms suplrh`k`ls clotmbls sfo pmrmblbfs m bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo. 5.  @clot`h`kmr bms suplrh`k`ls clotmbls prfx`jmbls qul sfo f clelo slr pmrmblbms pmrm qul mktñlo kfjf pbmofs duêm curmotl bm `oslrk`ûo y rljfk`ûo. ;.  Bfkmb`zmr y jlc`r bms zfoms cl bfs c`lotls sue susklpt`ebls cl rltlok`ûo. 3.  Cltlrj`omr bm olkls`cmc cl lb`j`omr qu`rñrd`kmjlotl írlms cl `otlrhlrlok`m clotmbls u ûslms f slblkk`fomr ftrm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo. .  Kfoslrvmr bm pfs`k`ûo clb jfclbf lo rlbmk`ûo kfo bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo pmrm huturms rlhlrlok`ms.(=)

Hmktfrls qul cltlrj`omo bm trmylktfr`m cl `oslrk`ûo1    Ybmofs duêm duêm

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Bms suplrh`k`ls cl bfs c`lotls prfx`jmbls clelo qulcmr pmrmblbms lotrl sê pmrm qul mktñlo kfjf pbmofs duêms mb kfbfkmr y lxtrmlr bm prûtls`s. Bfs pbmofs duêm msldurmo lb pmsf cl bms pmrtls rêd`cms cl bm prûtls`s pfr bms zfoms cl `otlrhlrlok`m. Cl lstm hfrjm lb pmk`lotl pulcl kfbfkmr lxtrml bm clotmcurm s`o hfrzmr bfs c`lotls y bls`fomr bfs tla`cfs sueymklotls. Bfs pbmofs duêm msldurmo, ms`j`sjf bm huok`ûo cl sfpfrtl cl bfs dmoknfs, su rltlok`ûo y lstme`b`zmk`ûo. Ymrm qul uo dmoknf fhrlzkm rltlok`ûo su ermzf rltlot`vf sl clel hblx`fomr y pfr lbbf bfs pbmofs duêm fhrlklo uom c`rlkk`ûo pfs`t`vm mb jfv`j`lotf cl bm prûtls`s nmstm qul mbkmozm bm pfs`k`ûo tlrj`omb.(==)    Írlms rltlot`vms rltlot`vms

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Bms írlms rltlot`vms clploclo cl kmcm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo y clelo kfotmktmr kfo bfs  ermzfs rltlot`vfs cl bfs dmoknfs qul sl vlo feb`dmcfs m hblx`fomr sferl bms suplrh`k`ls kfovlxms mb kfbfkmr lxtrml bm clotmcurm. Bm rltlok`ûo clplocl sfbmjlotl cl bm rls`stlok`m clb jltmb m bm clhfrjmk`ûo. Ymrm qul uo dmoknf slm rltlot`vf su vêm cl lskmpl of clel slr pmrmblbm m bm vêm cl lotrmcm puls lo lstl kmsf of sl vlrêm hfrzmcf m hblx`fomr y dlolrm bm rls`stlok`m kfofk`cm kfjf rltlok`ûo. Yfr kfos`du`lotl, bm rltlok`ûo clb dmoknf clplocl cl bm  prlslok`m cl uom trmylktfr`m cl `oslrk`ûo y rljfk`ûo rljfk `ûo clh`o`cms. Bm rltlok`ûo clel slr suh`k`lotl pmrm kfotrmrrlstmr bms hulrzms rmzfomebls cl clsmbfaf lo ftrms pmbmerms bm jêo`jm mklptmebl kmpmz cl rls`st`r lstms hulrzms. Bm rltlok`ûo sl pulcl fetlolr mklptmebljlotl pfr uof cl lstfs jàtfcfs1

 

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=.  Ls kmje`mr bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo pmrm mujlotmr f c`sj`ou`r lb íodubf cl kfovlrdlok`m klrv`kmb cl bm suplrh`k`l rltlot`vms fpulstms cl bfs p`bmrls. 5.  Mbtlrmr bm hblx`e`b`cmc cl bfs ermzfs clb dmoknf kmje`mocf su c`slýf su tmjmýf y bfod`tuc f lb jmtlr`mb cl kfostrukk`ûo. (==)  

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 @otlrhlrlok`m1  @otlrhlrlok`m1 Bms prûtls`s sl clelo c`slýmr cl jmolrm qul lotrlo y smbdmo s`o lokfotrmr `otlrhlrlok`ms lo bfs c`lotls f lo bfs tla`cfs ebmocfs. [l pulcl slblkk`fomr uom vêm cl lotrmcm kfo uom `otlrhlrlok`m s`ljprl qul lstm sl pulcl lb`j`omr curmotl bm  prlpmrmk`ûo cl bm efkm f sferl lb jfclbf cl trmemaf jlc`motl uo ebfqulf jfclrmcf. jfclrmcf . Lo efkm sl pulcl lb`j`omr bm `otlrhlrlok`m pfr k`rudêm lxtrmkk`ûo jfc`h`kmk`ûo cl bms suplrh`k`ls `otlrhlrlotls f mbtlrmocf bfs kfotfrofs clotmbls kfo rlstmurmk`fols. (==)

   Lstàt`k  Lstàt`km1 m1

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Kfo uom trmylktfr`m cl `oslrk`ûo mclkumcm ls pfs`ebl kfbfkmr bfs c`lotls mrt`h`k`mbls cl bm hfrjm jís lstàt`km y kfo bm jlofr kmot`cmc cl dmoknfs cl jltmb v`s`ebls. Bm bfkmb`zmk`ûo cl bms írlms rltlot`vms `ohbuyl lo bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo slblkk`fomcm y pfr tmotf bms írlms rltlot`vms sl clelo bfkmb`zmr plosmocf s`ljprl lo bm kfbfkmk`ûo jís lstàt`km cl bfs dmoknfs. kumocf bms rlstmurmk`fols sl nmdmo pfr ft ftrfs rfs jft`vfs sl clelo kfotfrolmr pmrm bm v`sumb`zmk`ûo jêo`jm cl bfs dmoknfs cl jltmb. Dlolrmbjlotl bm zfom qul clskuerl bm jlofr kmot`cmc cl jltmb lstí lo lb írlm jís c`stmb d`od`vmb clb c`lotl qul plrj`tl bm trmylktfr`m cl `oslrk`ûo y lb kfotfrof cl bm rlstmurmk`fols. (==) Bm lstàt`km clk`cl, msê j`sjf bm lblkk`ûo cl bm vêm cl `oslrk`ûo kumocf sl clelo rlljpbmzmr c`lotls motlr`frls lo lstfs kmsfs sl rlqu`lrlo juknms vlkls uom vêm cl `oslrk`ûo jís vlrt`kmb pmrm qul tmotf bfs c`lotls mrt`h`k`mbls kfjf bfs c`lotls omturmbls mcymklotls of sl clemo jfc`h`kmr lxkls`vmjlotl. Bm lstàt`km t`lol pr`jmkêm sferl ftrfs hmktfrls y pfr kfos`du`lotl bm prlpmrmk`ûo cl bfs p`bmrls s`o `otlrhlrlok`ms y bm fetlok`ûo cl pbmofs duêm y rltlok`ûo, clelo lstmr lo mrjfoêm kfo bm trmylktfr`m cl `oslrk`ûo y kfo lstàt`km. Muoqul lb pr`jlr fealt`vf ls bm kfoslrvmk`ûo cl bfs tla`cfs ûrmbls rljmolotls bm lstàt`km tmjpfkf clel pfolr lo plb`drf lb àx`tf cl bm clotmcurm pmrk`mb ls mkfoslamebl rlljpbmzmr bfs c`lotls motlr`frls kfjf prûtls`s h`ams s`ljprl qul slm pfs`ebl y

 

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lsplk`mbjlotl kumocf bm lh`kmk`m jlkío`km y huok`fomb cl uom clotmcurm pmrk`mb rljfv`ebl rlqu`lrm uom prlpmrmk`ûo clotmb s`do`h`kmt`vm. (==)

YUFSFKFBF KBÊO@KF YMUM KFOHLKK@ÛO CL \OM YUÛSL[@[ YMUK@MB ULJFX@EBL  

=. N`stfr`m kbêo`km.(=