ESCALA Sara Traducida

 

 Bvmeumakr0 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[Jbhnm0 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[Vmhlbgtb0[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ 

  Bshmem pmrm em Bvmeumhløg y Hmeljlhmhløg ab em Mtmxlm (XMSM) =) Vkslh kslhlø løg g Vmsk Vmsk

3) Ab plb/Vmrmak ( slg hmezmak)

Xb eb plab me pmhlbgtb qub hmilgb ugm alstmghlm pmrmebem m pmrba bg em qub sb lgheuym amr em vubetm y

Xb eb plab = qub sb imgtbgdm ab plb rbem`mak, 3 hkg

pmsks bg tígabi slg mpkyk ( + ab =6 pmsks).

pmsk bg tígabi ( slg bspmhlk bgtrb tmeøg-pugtm). Vrkcmr slg hmezmak, hkg k`ks mclbrtks. Vkr hmam

6 Gkrime. Xlg alhuetmabs bg em Imrhnm, dlrk y hmilgm bg tígabi (sb pbriltb jmeek ab = pmsk)

hkgalhløg, 8 lgtbgtks. Xb hmelhm be ib`kr lgtbgtk.

= Vbqubýms alhuetmabs, søek kcsbrvmcebs humgak hmilgm =6 pmsks hkgsbhuvks bg tígabi.

6 Gkrime, mdumgtm pkslhløg tígabi 7=6 sbd

3 Rg pkhk rmrm, em imrhnm bg tígabi ab + ab =6 pmsks gk bs pkslceb slg mpkyk 8 Alhuetma vlslceb, prkcebims bg be dlrk, akgab gbhbsltm gbhbsltm mpkyk

eks plbs m em ilsim meturm meturm y `ugtks, y 8 qub rbmelhb ug

= Hmpmz ab bstmr hkg eks plbs `ugtks slg cmemghbk, pbrk gk rbmelzm pkslhløg ab tígabi 7 =6 sbd 3 Mdumgtm em pkslhløg ab plb hkg eks plbs `ugtks 7 =6 sbd, pbrk hkg cmemghbk

1 Vrkcebims imrhmaks, mpkyk lgtbriltbgtb rbqubrlak

8 Mdumgtm ab plb 7 =6 sbd bg pkslhløg ab plb gmturme, slg plbs `ugtks

2 Alhuetma sbvbrm, skpkrtb pbrimgbgtb, gbhbsltm mpkyk ab = cmstøg k ug crmzk.

1 Mdumgtm ab plb 7=6 sbd bg pkslhløg gmturme hkg mpkyk lgtbriltbgtb

: Hmilgm + ab =6 i søek hkg drmg mpkyk ( 3 cmstkgbs k mgamakr)

2 Mdumgtm ab plb 7=6 sbd bg pkslhløg gmturme hkg mpkyk ab = crmzk hkgstmgtb

4 Hmilgm - =6 i skek s kek hkg drmg mpkyk ( ab pbrskgm k mgamakr)

: Gk sb imgbgb ab plb 7 =6 sbd hkg mpkyk

> Gk pubab hmilgmr gl hkg myuam.

VRGQRMHLØG [[[[[[

VRGQRMHLØG[[[[[[

8) Xbgtmak

1) Alsturclks bg be nmcem

Xb eb plab qub sb imgtbgdm sbgtmak slg mpkymr eks plbs,

Xb kcsbrvm be nmcem aurmgtb ugm hkgvbrsmhløg

hkg eks k`ks mclbrtks y crmzks bxtbgalaks me jrbgtb.

gkrime

6 Gkrime, sb imgbgb sbgtmak slg alhuetms 7 =6 sbd

6 Gkrime

= Vbqubým alhuetma, cmemghbk

= Eldbrks alsturclks bg be nmcem

3 Cmemghbk hkgstmgtb, pbrk bstm sbgtmak 7=6 sbd slg mpkyk

3 Imykrbs alsturclks, pbrk bs jíhle bgtbrabreb

8 Xb imgbgb sbgtmak 7=6 sbd hkg mpkyk lgtbriltbgtb

8 Medugms pmemcrms skg lgtbeldlcebs

1 Lghmpmz ab imgtbgbrsb sbgtmak 7=6 sbd hkg mpkyk hkgstmgtb

1 Iuhnms pmemcrms lgtbeldlcebs 2 Xøek sb eb bgbgabg pmemcrms subetms : Nmcem lgtbeldlceb

VRGQRMHLØG [[[[[[[[ VRGQRMHLØG [[[[[[[[[[

 

  2) Vrub Vrubcm cm aba abak k ‘ pks pkslh lhlø løg g

:) Qbst Abak ‘ Gmrlz Gmrlz

Xb rbmelzm sbpmrmak hkg hmam emak . Vmhlbgtb sbgtmak

Xb rbmelzm sbpmrmak hkg hmam emak. XL bs gbhbsmrlk,

høikak. Xl bs gbhbsmrlk hkg trkghk y plbs mpkymaks. Be

trkghk y plbs mpkymaks. Xb plab me pmhlbgtb qub eebvb

bvmeumakr sb slbgtm bgjrbgtb y sb plabg 2 ikvlilbgtks

be abak ab su gmrlz me abak abe bvmeumakr, qub sb

ab sbýmemr ríplaks y hkgsbhuvks liprbabhlcebs. Eks ikvlilbgtks bgbg qub tbgbr ugm mipeltua ab 86 hi

sbgtmrí bgjrbgtb abe pmhlbgtb. Eks ikvlilbgtks bgbg qub sbr m ugm vbekhlama ikabrmam. Em

y ugm jrbhubghlm ab = ikvlilbgtk hmam 3 sbd. Eks

pugtumhløg sb rbmelzm sbdðg em mipeltua abe tbicekr

ikvlilbgtks bgbg qub rbmelzmreks sbýmemgak hkg be

aurmgtb be ikvlilbgtk.

abak égalhb y ek iís ríplak y prbhlsk pkslceb. Xb hmelhmg eks ðeiks 8 ikvlilbgtks.

6 Gk nmy tbicekr

6 Xlg alsibtrém = Alsibtrém 5 2 hi 3 Alsibtrém 5 =2 hi 8 Alsibtrém 7 =2 hi

= Qbicekr ab ugm mipeltua 5 3 hi 3 Qbicekr ab ugm mipeltua 5 2 hi 8 Qbicekr hkg ugm mipeltua 7 2 hi 1 Lghmpmz ab rbmelzmr eks 2 ikvlilbgtks

1 Lghmpmz ab rbmelzmr eks 2 ikvlilbgtks

VRGQRMHLØG Abrbhnm[[[[[[[ Lzqulbram[[[[[[[[ ( a+l)/3 [[[[[[

VRGQRMHLØG Abrbhnm[[[[[[[ Lzqulbram[[[[[[[[ ( a+l)/3 [[[[[[

>) tmeøgbsplgleem 4) Hkgtmhtk Ikvlilbgtks ríplaks metbrgmvks Xb rbmelzm emak pkr sbpmrmak. Hmam emakhmam pkr sbpmrmak. Vmhlbgtb tuicmak bg em hmim, hkg ems plbrgms sb slbgtm høikak. Xl bs gbhbsmrlk mpkyk ab bsrmams. Xb ebXb plab qub eebvb be tmeøg ab ug plb absab plbs y trkghk. eb plabg =6 rbpbhlkgbs metbrgmvms be ab em bsplgleemab abhmam em plbrgm y eky ablglhlk prkgk-suplgmhløg imgkhkgtrmemtbrme ek iís ríplams abselhb be tkcleek ab alhnm Qlbgb 8 abe prbhlsmsnmstm pkslcebs. Xb rbmelzm ugmplbrgm. abikstrmhløg lgtbgtks. Be ikvlilbgtk ab abselzmilbgtk abcb bxmilgmakr ab ugms =6 rbpbhlkgbs bg hlheks ab 4 sbd. rbmelzmrsb = sbd.hkg Xl aurmgtb be ikvlilbgtk gk Xb ilab bebg bipk bxmhtua hkgtmhtm be tmeøg hkg em bsplgleem sb pugtðm ug 1 6 Gkrime, slg lrrbduemrlamabs y bg 5=6 sbd 6 Gkrime = Vbqubýms lrrbduemrlamabs y bg 5=6 sbd = Vbqubýks prkcebims, hkgtmhtk imgtbglak 3 Medugms lrrbduemrlamabs, alhuetma pmrm alsgdulr clbg ikvlilbgtk medugm lgtbrruphløg, pbrk8bg 5=6 sbd 3medðg Hemrks prkcebims,hkg sbpmrm be hkgtmhtk abe tmeøg vbhbs aurmgtb ems 8 rbpbhlkgbs. 8 Iuhnms lrrbduemrlamabs, sb alsgdubs vmrlms y alhuetmabs bghkgtmhtk eks ikvlilbgtks, rbmelzm 8lgtbrruphlkgbs Xbvbrks prkcebims, plbrab be abe plb 1 kekiís bg 7=6aurmgtb sbd vbhbs ems 8 rbpbhlkgbs

hkipebtms ems =6 rbpbhlkgbs 1 Gk pubab rbmelzmr em prubcm

VRGQRMHLØG Abrbhnm[[[[[[[ Lzqulbram[[[[[[[[ ( a+l)/3 [[[[[[ VRGQRMHLØG Abrbhnm[[[[[[[ Lzqulbram[[[[[[[[ ( a+l)/3 [[[[[[