Error Proofing
February 13, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Ykjhm >
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
NCMAHN
FUMAJAC IFDDMAXY & JAX\FH]IXJFAY
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC FWM\WJMS
SF\@YBFU MRUMIXNXJFAY - Sby Nrm Sm Bmrm Urflkmd Ytntmdmat
HMGJAM I]\\MAX YXNXM
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC U\FFGJAC NSN\MAMYY & XMIBAJ^]MY XMIBAJ^]MY
L\NJAYXF\DJAC - Urflkmd Yfkvjac Yfkutjfas Yfkutjfas ]tjkjzjac ]tjkjzjac Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
HMWMKFU NIXJFA UKNAY & JDUKMDMAXNXJFA JDUKMDMAXNXJFA
IKFYJAC & S\NU-]U Ykjhm <
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
^]NKJXZ YXMU IBN\X
JAIJHMAXY UM\ UN\X F\ UUD
NLI Ifdpnay - Sjhcmt Sjhcmt Nssmdl Nssmdlkjms kjms Iurrmat Ytntm
YNDUKM IBN\X
NIXJFA UKNAY SJXB NIX]NK F\ MYX. \MY]KXY
Jdprfvmh Urfimssjac 4 >85 ppd
^]NKJXZ DMNY]\M
\mhuimh Bnahkjac 4 >55 ppd Mrrfr Urffgjac 4 25 ppd Urmvmatntjvm Dnjatmanaim 4 75 ppd
XN\CMX
XJDM XJDM G\NDM FG NIXJFA UKNAY © Ifpyrjcbt Cmamrnk Dftfrs. Nkk rjcbts rmsmrvmh.
Ykjhm 9
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
U\FOMIX YMKMIXJFA
DN@M NKK UMFUKM NGGMIXMH NSN\M FG SBNX JY CFJAC XF BNUUMA
YMKMIX
• I]YXFDM\ ^]NKJXZ IFAIM\A • BJCB \UUD / \MUMNX U\/\‚s UN\X JA IFAX\FKKMH YBJUUJAC •• IB\FAJI ^]NKJXZ U\FLKMD • BJCB SN\\NAXZ JDUNIX • BJCB IFYX FG ^]NKJXZ
HMGJAM I]\\MAX YJX]NXJFA • U\FIMYY GKFS & HNXN SF\@YBMMXY • ^]NKJXZ \MY]KXY
XMND DMDLM\Y • CD U\FH]IX/U\FIMYY MACJAMM\ • Y]UUKJM\ UM\YFAAMK (MAC\., DGC, ^]NKJXZ, FUM\NXF\Y, MXI) • U]\IBNYJAC • Y]UUKJM\ ^]NKJXZ MACJAMM\ • I]YXFDM\ \MU\MYMAXNXJWM
• U\FIMYY DMNY]\MY • U\FLKMD HMGJAJXJFA
JHMAXJGZ
KFF@ GF\ AMS FUUF\X]AJXJMY
UFYYJLKM IN]YMY
Urfimss \MIFCAJ_M MGGF\XY FG UMFUKM
• L\NJAYXF\DJAC • = SBZ‚s • IN]YM & MGGMIX HJNC\ND • YXF\ZLFN\H • IFKKMIX XBM HNXN • \]A IBN\XY • G\M^]MAIZ HJYX\JL]XJFA • UJIXFC\NUB • YINXXM\ HJNC\NDY • U\FIMYY INUNLJKJXZ YX]HZ • HMYJCA FG MRUM\JDMAXY • U\FIMYY HJYYMIXJFA
MWNK]NXM NAH NHO]YX FUM\NXJFA?
G\FD?VVVVV VVVVV VVVVVVV VVVVVV VVVV
^]NAXJXZUM\YBJGX?VVV VVVVVV VVVVV
X F ? V VV V VV VVVV VVVVVVV VV V VV V VV V VV V H MY I\ J U JXF A GF A .F
F M U N \ JX A F
M KD MMX AX J M D B A N HS DNIBJAM F \ @ SNK@
I]YXFDM\IZIKMXJDM?VVVV VVVVVV VVVVVV VV
Y B J G?XV VVVV VV V
Y X N A H N \ HJ A U\FIMYYYXFI@
^
F U M \ XNF \ I I ZK MX J M D? V VV V VV V VV V VV V VV V VV
^ ] N JK X Z IBMI@
I\JXJINK
I
FUM\NXJFA
>
=
<
8
YNGMXZ
UKNA & JDUKMDMAX
NANKZ_M XBM HNXN YMKMIX CFFH JHMNY
9
SF\@YXNXJFAN\MNH\NSAXF YINKM 59/=55 tjdms mvmry hny6
Sjtb nkk fg kjgm‚s hjstrnitjfas...... Nrm yfu >55% surm tbnt yfu wfukh amvmr dn`m n djstn`m6!!!!
Ykjhm 2
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
MRNDUKMY FG M\\F\Y NX SF\@ . . . •
Djssjac Unrts µ
•
Gfrcmttjac tf nssmdlkm n pnrt - sirmws, knlmks, frjgjim tulms...
Djsnssmdlkmh Unrts µ
Djsnssmdlky - kffsm pnrts, upsjhm hfwa, aft nkjcamh m.c. - lrni`mts (lni`wnrhs), smnks (aft nkjcamh), sirmws (kffsm), knlmks (upsjhm hfwa), ...
•
Jaifrrmit Urfimssjac µ
•
Hjspfsjac fg n pnrt rmomitmh nt tmst tf t f tbm wrfac pjkm
Jaifrrmit Unrts µ
\mtrjmvjac nah nssmdlkjac tbm wrfac pnrt grfd n dfhmk djx smkmitjfa smnks, knlmks, lrni`mts, insms...
Ykjhm :
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBNX NLF]X M\\F\Y NX SF\@6
JAO]\JMY
Djstn`ms 4 Kfst Xjdm, Kfst Dfamy, nah pfssjlky Kfst Lusjamss!!!! Lusjamss !!!! Ykjhm >5
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
U\FLKMD YMKMIXJFA I\JXM\JN • Bjcb Unrts pmr Djkkjfa • Bjcb U\/\ Grmqumaiy • Ibrfaji ^unkjty Urflkmd • Bjcb Ifst fg ^unkjty • UGDMN Jhmatjgjmh Nrmns • Bjcb Snrrnaty Ifst Ykjhm >>
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
U\FLKMD YXNXMDMAX
4
KFYX Ykjhm ><
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
MGGMIXY FG U\FLKMD I]YXFDM\
Y]UUKJM\
Ykjhm >9
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBZ HF B]DNA
M\\F\Y FII]\ SBMA MWM\ZFAM JY GF\ ^]NKJXZ6
Ykjhm >8
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBZ HF M\\F\Y BNUUMA6
Xbm qunkjty fg na fpmrntfr hmpmahmat prfimss js nggmitmh ly tbm? @afwkmhcm @afwkmhcm
Wjcjknaim Wjcjknaim
(Y`jkk)
Fpmrntfr
(Nttmatjfa tf hmtnjk)
Na fpmrntfr dust bnvm bnvm `afwkmhcm `afwkmhcm fg tbm ofl ja frhmr tf `afw wbnt tf hf nah wbma n qunkjty pnrt bns lmma prfhuimh Ja nhhjtjfa, n `afwkmhcmnlkm fpmrntfr dny bnvm tf lm lm vjcjknat wjtb mnib pnrt prfhuimh tf lm surm jt dmmts nkk tbm qunkjty mxpmitntjfas
Ykjhm >=
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
@AFSKMHCM NAH WJCJKNAIM
MRNDUKM? J dny lm na mxpmrt nt hrjvjac n inr (@AFSKMHCM) L]X..... Fiinsjfankky, J kfi` dy `mys Fiinsjfankky, ja tbm inr fr rua fut fg cns (KNI@ FG WJCJKNAIM!!!)
Ykjhm >7
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Umfpkm Umfpkm Wnrjntjfa Wnrjntjfa \mkjmg Lrmn`s \ftntjfa Fvmrtjdm Ifvmrncm
Wnrjfus Umfpkm Hfjac Faky Fam Ofl!!!!
Ybjgt-Ybjgt Xrnasgmrs Gnrd-Jas
Wnrjfus? Kmvmks fg Xrnjajac @afwkmhcm fg Xftnk Urfhuit @afwkmhcm fg Iustfdmr \mqujrmdmats \mqujrmdmats Dmtbfhs fg Umrgfrdjac Ofl
Ykjhm >3
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Umfpkm Wnrjntjfa Wnrjntjfa Umfpkm \mkjmg Lrmn`s
@AFSKMHCM \ftntjfa
Fvmrtjdm Ifvmrncm
Wnrjfus Umfpkm Hfjac Faky Fam Ofl!!!!
Ybjgt-Ybjgt Xrnasgmrs Gnrd-Jas
Wnrjfus? Kmvmks fg Xrnjajac @afwkmhcm fg Xftnk Urfhuit @afwkmhcm fg Iustfdmr \mqujrmdmats \mqujrmdmats Dmtbfhs fg Umrgfrdjac Ofl
Ykjhm >2
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Umfpkm Umfpkm Hjstrnitjfas Hjstrnitjfas Sbnt hf yfu tbja` fg tbjs amw hmsjca6
Fvmrtjdm tfajcbt6 Xbjs js bfw tbjs ofl cfms...
Xbmrm‚s n prflkmd wjtb tbm pnrts yfu‚rm dn`jac....
Lfrmhfd Lrmn` tjdm!!! Dnibjam‚s hfwa...
Sbnt nrm yfu hfjac tfajcbt6
FFUY!!!!!!
Ykjhm >:
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Umfpkm Umfpkm Hjstrnitjfas Hjstrnitjfas Sbnt hf yfu tbja` fg tbjs amw hmsjca6
Fvmrtjdm tfajcbt6 Xbjs js bfw tbjs ofl cfms...
Lfrmhfd
WJCJKNAIM
Xbmrm‚s n prflkmd wjtb tbm pnrts yfu‚rm dn`jac....
Lrmn` tjdm!!!
Dnibjam‚s hfwa...
Sbnt nrm yfu hfjac tfajcbt6
FFUY!!!!!!
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBZ N\M DJYXN@MY N U\FLKMD6 Ifst
us dfamy
Ifst
us tjdm
Inusm
us hnacmr/pfssjlkm jaoury
Ykjhm 7,555 kfst pjmims fg dnjk pmr bfur • >. Gfrim Ymasfr
8. Yupmr Yfaji
>9. Dmtmr \mkny
7. Ifuatmr
>8. Wjlrntjfa Ymasfr
3. L Lm mnd \mgkmitfr
>=. Nutfdntji Dmnsurmdmat
2. Urmssurm Ymasfr
Ykjhm 73
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\-U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
(Uf`n-Zf`m) IFAIMUX XBM DFYX MGGMIXJWM XZUMY FG M\\F\ AFXJGJINXJFA DMNAY Cmttjac tbm Fpmrntfr‚s Nttmatjfa? • Wjsunk Yj Yjcank cank (gknsb (gknsbjac jac kjcbt js lmst) kfuh nah pmrsjstma pmrsjstmat, t, m.c. lurcknr nknrd) • Nuhjf Yjcank ((kfuh • Urftmitjvm Lnr Lnrrjmr rjmr (tf prm prmvmat vmat hmgmit fr fpmrntfr jaoury) • Sbma usmh? kfw hmgmit fiiurrmaim rntm nah wbma rmpnjrs ina lm dnhm.
Ybuttjac Hfwa tbm Fpmrntjfa? • ]pfa hmtmit hmtmitjac jac n ‛afa-ifagfrdnaim— tbm fpmrntjfa js sjdpky sbut hfwa, j.m. tbm amxt pnrt wjkk aft lm prfimssmh. • Sbma usmh? rmkntjvmky bjcbmr fiiurrmai fiiurrmaim m rntms nah wbma rmpnjrs nrm aft pfssjlkm.
Ykjhm 72
Ykjhm 7:
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\-U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
(Uf`n-Zf`m) IFAIMUX MRNDUKMY FG UF@N-ZF@M‚Y GF\ XBM XB\MM DFYX IFDDFA U\FLKMDY Urflkmd Xypm
Djssjac Ifdpfamats
Mrrfr Urffgjac Jastnkkmh Ifuatmr tf vmrjgy
Xypm fg Ymasfr ]smh
Xypm fg Jatmrvmatjfa ]smh
Djirf-swjtib
Dnibjam jatmrkfi`
Afam
Afam
Urfxjdjty swjtib
Dnibjam jatmrkfi`
Urfimss smqumaim
Afam (nkk gjxturms
Afam
gjxturjac
spmijnkky hmsjcamh)
Wmrjgyjac if ifdpfamat
Kjcbt tr trnasdjssjfa
ifrrmit audlmr fg ifdpfamats Urm-ifuatjac tbm audlmr fg ifdpfamats Gjxturm nt tbm fpmrntjfa tf hmtmit tbm prmsmaim fg ifdpfamat grfd tbm prmvjfus fpmrntjfa
Jaifrrmit Urfimssjac
Srfac Ifdpfamats
sbnpm, wmjcbt, fr hjdmasjfa swjtibms
Wjhmf f frr n nu uhjf n nkknrds
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\-U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
(Uf`n-Zf`m) IFAIMUX LMYX YMAYJAC JHMNY Sbnt js tbm lmst dmtbfh gfr smasjac gkujh kmvmks gfr n dnibjam6 Sbnt js tbm lmst dmtbfh gfr smasjac dncamts gfr mkmitrji dftfrs6 Sbnt nrm tbrmm pfssjlkm dmtbfhs gfr smasjac lurs fa n iykjahmr lfrm6 Sbnt js tbm lmst dmtbfh gfr hmtmitjac tbm prmsmaim fg na F-rjac6
Ykjhm 35
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Gfur Intmcfrjms fg Mrrfrs - ^umstjfas tf Ns`6666
Djssjac µ
Unrts
Js tbmrm n dfhmk djx suib tbnt sfdm dfhmks rmqujrm n pnrt wbjkm ftbmrs rmqujrm aftbjac nt nkk ja tbnt kfintjfa6
µ
Js tbmnitjvjty6 pnrt nssmdlkmh ns n sdnkk pnrt ngtmr sfdm dnja µ
Js tbm pnrt hjggjiukt tf smm ngtmr lmjac nssmdlkmh6
Ykjhm 3>
Ykjhm 3<
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Djssjac Djssjac Unrts Unrts tbmpnrt pnrt Js tbm ? ? uatfuibmh ja Js ]asmma fr ]asmma fr uatfuibmh ja sulsmqumat prfimss stmps6 sulsmqumat prfimss stmps6 Hjggjiukt tf smm hurjac nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf smm hurjac nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf nssmdlkm6 Hjggjiukt tf nssmdlkm6 Hjggjiukt tf smm ngtmr nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf smm ngtmr nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf hjggmrmatjntm lmtwmma prm Hjggjiukt tf hjggmrmatjntm lmtwmma prm nah pfst nssmdlky6 nah pfst nssmdlky6
AF
Jdpkmdmat fpmrntfr jastruitjfas, vjsunk njhs nah trnjajac ns djajdud rmqujrmdmat
ZMY Ina naytbjac lm hfam tf rmsfkvm tbjs Ina naytbjac lm hfam tf rmsfkvm tbjs ja hmsjca hmsjca fg fg prfhuit/prfimss6 ja hmsjca fg prfhuit/prfimss6 Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb naftbmr pnrt6 naftbmr pnrt6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6
ZMY
AF Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr tbm pnrt bns lmma nssmdlkmh6 pnrt bns lmma -nssmdlkmh6 tbm Hmtmitjfa hmvjim tfrqum Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - tfrqum ifuatmr, pbftfmkmitrji mym fvmr ifuatmr, pbftfmkmitrji mym fvmr ifatnjamr, kjdjt swjtib nt ifatnjamr, kjdjt swjtib nt hjspmasmr,.... hjspmasmr,....
Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg pnrt Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg pnrt js djssjac. js djssjac. Kfi` Kfi`fut futhmvjim hmvjim- -kjdjt kjdjtswjtib, swjtib, ifahuitjvjty smasfr...
Jdpkmdmat Mrrfr Urffgjac (prfimss/hmsjca ibnacm nah/fr hmtmit/kfi` fut hmvjim) Wmrjgy rmsukts
ifahuitjvjty smasfr...
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Lrnjastfrd Mrrfr Urffgjac Dmibnajsd
Djssjac Unrts - Xbfucbt Ytnrtmrs •
•
Dn`m vjsjlkm/flvjfus jg djssjac µ
Ifkfr ifatrnst
µ
Wjsjlkm nt audmrfus fpmrntjfas nah pni`
µ
]sm djrrfrs
µ
Ufsjtjfa fg pnrt ns dfvms hfwa kjam
µ
Wjsunk njh/pjiturm pfstmh wjtb pnrt prmsmat nah na h bjcbkjcbtmh
\mhmgjam prfimss µ
•
•
•
Nssmdlkm mnrky ja prfimss
µ
Yuiimssjvm ibmi`
µ
\mnrrnacm duktjpkm wrjtm-up tf mkjdjantm ‛sfdmtjdms hf/sfdmtjdms hfa‚t—
Dfajtfr pnrt suppky µ
Faky suppky pnrts ammhmh gfr tbnt dfhmk (af qumstjfas-jg tbmrm nrm pnrts prmsmat, usm tbmd)
µ
Kft ifatrfk, ifuat pnrts-dust mqunk # pjmims prfhuimh
Ymasfrs µ
Ubftfmkmitrji myms tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
µ
Kjdjt swjtib tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
Dfhjgy hmsjca µ
Mkjdjantm pnrt
Ykjhm 39
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Ykjhm 38
Gfur Intmcfrjms fg Mrrfrs-^umstjfas tf Ns`6666
Djsnssmdlkmh Unrts µ
Js tbm fpmrntjfa hjggjiukt gfr tbm fpmrntfr tf smm ns tbmy pmrgfrd tbm ofl6
µ
Js tbmrm na nssmdlky fr pfsjtjfajac fpmrntjfa tbnt ina lm ifdpkmtmh jaifrrmitky6
Ykjhm 3=
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Djsnssmdlkmh Djsnssmdlkmh Unrts Unrts Js tbm tbmpnrt pnrt ? ?smm hurjac nssmdlky6 Js Hjggjiukt tf Hjggjiukt tf smm hurjac nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf nssmdlkm6 Hjggjiukt tf nssmdlkm6 Hjggjiukt tf smm ngtmr nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf smm ngtmr nssmdlky6 Hjggjiukt tf hjggmrmatjntm lmtwmma prm Hjggjiukt tf hjggmrmatjntm lmtwmma prm nah pfst nssmdlky6 nah pfst nssmdlky6 Kni`jac c cujhms ujhms fr gjxturms gfr pr prfpmr fpmr Kni`jac cujhms fr gjxturms gfr prfpmr nssmdlky fr prfpmr nkjcadmat6 nssmdlky fr prfpmr nkjcadmat6
AF
Jdpkmdmat fpmrntfr jastruitjfas, vjsunk njhs nah trnjajac ns djajdud rmqujrmdmat
ZMY Ina naytbjac lm hfam tf rmsfkvm tbjs Ina naytbjac lm hfam tf rmsfkvm tbjs ja hmsjca hmsjca fg fg prfhuit/prfimss6 ja hmsjca fg prfhuit/prfimss6 (cujhms, gjxturms, nutfdntjfa) (cujhms, gjxturms, nutfdntjfa) Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb naftbmr pnrt6 naftbmr pnrt6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6
ZMY
AF Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr Sbnt hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr tbm pnrtina bnslm lmma djsnssmdlkmh6 tbm pnrt bns lmma djsnssmdlkmh6 Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - tfrqum ifuatmr, Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - tfrqum ifuatmr, pbftfmkmitrji mym, kjdjt swjtib pbftfmkmitrji mym, kjdjt swjtib
Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg pnrt Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg pnrt js djsnssmdlkmh. js djsnssmdlkmh. Kfi` fut hmvjim - kjdjt swjtib, smasfr... ifahuitjvjty Kfi` fut hmvjim - kjdjt swjtib, ifahuitjvjty smasfr...
Jdpkmdmat Mrrfr Urffgjac (prfimss/hmsjca ibnacm nah/fr hmtmit/kfi` fut hmvjim) Wmrjgy rmsukts
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Lrnjastfrd Mrrfr Urffgjac Dmibnajsd Djsnssmdlkmh Djsnssmdl kmh Unrts- Xbfucbt Ytnrtmrs •
Wjsunk njhs µ
•
\mhmgjam prfimss µ µ
•
•
Yuiimssjvm ibmi`
Frcnajzm gfr dnxjdud mnsm nah vjsjljkjty
Ymasfrs µ
Ubftfmkmitrji myms tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
µ
Kjdjt swjtib tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
Dfhjgy/hmsjca gjxturm µ
•
Nssmdlkm mnrky ja prfimss
Sfr`pknim frcnajzntjfa µ
•
Wjsunk njh/pjiturm pfstmh wjtb ifrrmit pfsjtjfa bjcbkjcbtmh
]anlkm tf nssmdlkm jaifrrmitky
Dfhjgy hmsjca µ
Mkjdjantm pnrt
µ
Urmvmat djsnssmdlky - m.c. twf sjzms fg stuhs
Ykjhm 37
µ
Urfvjhm cujhms fr rmgmrmaims
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Ykjhm 33
Gfur Intmcfrjms fg Mrrfrs-^umstjfas tf Ns`6666 Jaifrrmit Urfimssjac
Js tbmrm na fpmrntjfa tbnt rmqujrms n rmifcajtjfa fg sfdm ibnrnitmrjstji tf hmtmrdjam wbnt tf hf wjtb tbm pnrt amxt6 CFFH
\MOMIXY
Ykjhm 32
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Jaifrrmit Jaifrrmit Urfimssjac Urfimssjac Hfmstbm tbmfpmrntjfa fpmrntjfarmqujrm rmqujrmrmifcajtjfa rmifcajtjfa Hfms fg sfdm ibnrnitmrjstji tf hmtmrdjam fg sfdm ibnrnitmrjstji tf hmtmrdjam wbnt tf hf wjtb tbm pnrt6 wbnt tf hf wjtb tbm pnrt6
AF
(m.c. \mh kjcbt jahjintms pknim ja rmomit (m.c. \mh kjcbt jahjintms pknim ja rmomit pjkm, vjsunk jaspmitjfa gfr prm-hmgjamh pjkm, vjsunk jaspmitjfa gfr prm-hmgjamh hmgmits) hmgmits)
Jdpkmdmat fpmrntfr jastruitjfas, vjsunk njhs nah trnjajac ns djajdud rmqujrmdmat
ZMY naytbjac lmhfam hfamtftfrmsfkvm rmsfkvmtbjs tbjs Ina naytbjac lm jaIna hmsjca hmsjca fg fg prfhuit/prfimss6 ja hmsjca fg prfhuit/prfimss6 (gjxturms, nutfdntjfa) (gjxturms, nutfdntjfa) Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb naftbmr pnrt6 naftbmr pnrt6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6
ZMY
AF Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr tbmpnrt pnrtbns bnslmma lmmajaifrrmitky jaifrrmitky tbm prfimssmh6 prfimssmh6 Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - rmsmt luttfa, Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - rmsmt luttfa, pbftfmkmitrji mym, kjdjt swjtib pbftfmkmitrji mym, kjdjt swjtib
Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg pnrt Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg pnrt js jaifrrmitky prfimssmh. js jaifrrmitky prfimssmh. Kfi` fut hmvjim - kjdjt swjtib, ifahuitjvjty Kfi` fut hmvjim - kjdjt swjtib, smasfr...
Jdpkmdmat Mrrfr Urffgjac (prfimss/hmsjca ibnacm nah/fr hmtmit/kfi` fut hmvjim) Wmrjgy rmsukts
ifahuitjvjty smasfr...
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Lrnjastfrd Mrrfr Urffgjac Dmibnajsd
Jaifrrmit Urfimssjac- Xbfucbt Ytnrtmrs •
•
Wjsunk njhs µ
^unkjty nkmrt jahjintjac bjcb pftmatjnk gfr mrrfr
µ
Gjxturm fr tmdpkntm futkjajac prm-hmgjamh hmgmits
µ
Lfcmy fr sndpkm lfnrhs gfr vjsunk jaspmitjfa
\mhmgjam prfimss µ
µ
•
Nutfdntm
Sfr`pknim frcnajzntjfa µ
•
\msmt fr ni`afwkmhcm lut nt tbm npprfprjntm amxt fpmrntjfa
Ympnrntm nah ikmnrky knlmk rmomit kfintjfas/ifatnjamrs
Ymasfrs µ
Ubftfmkmitrji myms tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
µ
Kjdjt swjtib tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
Ykjhm 3:
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Ykjhm 25
Gfur Intmcfrjms fg Mrrfrs-^umstjfas tf Ns`6666
Jaifrrmit Unrts
Js tbmrm n smkmitjfa fg pnrts ja grfat fg tbm fpmrntfr tbnt wfukh nkkfw gfr tbm wrfac pnrt tf lm ibfsma nah nssmdlkmh6
Ykjhm 2>
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Jaifrrmit Jaifrrmit Unrts Unrts tbmrmn nsmkmitjfa smkmitjfafgfgpnrts pnrtsnvnjknlkm nvnjknlkm JsJstbmrm nt tbm wfr`stntjfa6 nt tbm wfr`stntjfa6 Nrm sjdjknr pnrts nssmdlkmh fatf tbm Nrm sjdjknr pnrts nssmdlkmh fatf tbm prfhuit nt tbm sndm kfintjfa6 prfhuit nt tbm sndm kfintjfa6
AF
Jdpkmdmat fpmrntfr jastruitjfas, vjsunk njhs nah trnjajac ns djajdud rmqujrmdmat
ZMY Ina Inanaytbjac naytbjaclm lmhfam hfamtftfrmsfkvm rmsfkvmtbjs tbjs ja hmsjca hmsjca fg fg prfhuit/prfimss6 ja hmsjca fg prfhuit/prfimss6 (Ifasfkjhntjfa, smpnrntm fpmrntjfas) (Ifasfkjhntjfa, smpnrntm fpmrntjfas) Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb Ina tbm pnrt lm ifdljamh wjtb naftbmr pnrt6 naftbmr pnrt6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6 Ina tbm pnrt lm mkjdjantmh6
ZMY
AF Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr Sbnt ina lm hfam tf hmtmit wbmtbmr tbmjaifrrmit jaifrrmitpnrt pnrtbns bnslmma lmma tbm nssmdlkmh6 nssmdlkmh6 Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - lnr ifhm, Hmtmitjfa hmvjim - lnr ifhm, pbftfmkmitrji mym, kjdjt swjtib pbftfmkmitrji mym, kjdjt swjtib
Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg tbm Kfi` fut sulsmqumat fpmrntjfa jg tbm jaifrrmit pnrt js hmtmitmh jaifrrmit pnrt js hmtmitmh Kfi` fut hmvjim - kjdjt swjtib, ifahuitjvjty Kfi` fut hmvjim - kjdjt swjtib, smasfr...
Jdpkmdmat Mrrfr Urffgjac (prfimss/hmsjca ibnacm nah/fr hmtmit/kfi` fut hmvjim) Wmrjgy rmsukts
ifahuitjvjty smasfr...
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Lrnjastfrd Mrrfr Urffgjac Dmibnajsd
Jaifrrmit Unrts- Xbfucbt Ytnrtmrs •
•
Dn`m vjsjlkm/flvjfus jg jaifrrmit pnrt µ
Ifkfr ifhm - dntib pnrt tf prfhuit
µ
Wjsjlkm nt audmrfus fpmrntjfas nah pni`
µ
Ufsjtjfa fg pnrt ns dfvms hfwa kjam
µ
Wjsunk njh/pjiturm pfstmh wjtb ifrrmit pnrt prmsmat nah bjcbkjcbtmh
\mhmgjam prfimss µ
•
µ
Yuiimssjvm ibmi`
µ
\mnrrnacm duktjpkm wrjtm-up tf smpnrntm nssmdlky fg kj`m pnrts
Dfajtfr pnrt suppky µ
•
•
Nssmdlkm mnrky ja prfimss
Faky suppky pnrts ammhmh gfr tbnt dfhmk
Ymasfrs µ
Ubftfmkmitrji myms tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
µ
Kjdjt swjtib tf hmtmit, kfi` fut uatjk ifrrmitmh
Dfhjgy/hmsjca gjxturm µ
]anlkm tf nssmdlkm jaifrrmit pnrt
Ykjhm 2<
Dfhjgy hmsjca µ
Mkjdjantm pnrt
µ
Urmvmat nssmdlky fg jaifrrmit pnrt Ykjhm 29
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Mrrfr-Urffgjac Urfimss ‛^uji` \mspfasm / ^uji` Jdpkmdmatntjfa— Inahjhntms gfr Mrrfr Urffgjac
Gjrst Xjdm ^unkjty (G.X.^.) nt Fpmrntjfa
Yystmdntji
Hmpnrtdmatnk
Urflkmd
Ifatnjadmat
Yfkvjac
Ytntjfa
Urfimss
Amtwfr`
Jatmrank
Iustfdmr
Uknat
\momits
Nuhjt
(UUD)
Snrrnaty Jagfrdntjfa
Jastjtutjfankjzm tbm Yfkutjfa nah tbm Facfjac Ifatrfk
Ifatjaufus Jdprfvmdmat
Jastjtutjfankjzm
Fppfrtuajty Urflkmd Yfkvjac Hfiudmatntjfa
Urmvmat
Ymkmit
=. Mvnkuntm
Xbm Mrrfr Urffgjac Urfimss? ’ ]tjkjzms n duktj-guaitjfank npprfnib ’ Js hrjvma ly Iustfdmr Yntjsgnitjfa nah nkkfws gfr ^uji` rmspfasm nah jdpkmdmatntjfa fg sfkutjfas ’ Js usmh tf ‛@jkk— prflkmds ’ Js hfiudmatmh ja tbm ‒Urflkmd Yfkvjac Hfiudmat‚ (UYH) ’ Yuppfrts Ifatjaufus Jdprfvmdmat Dmtbfhfkfcy Dmtbfhfkfcy
8. Jdpkmdmat
>. Jhmatjgy
Umfpkm & Xmndwfr`
% >% HMGMIX HMGMIX \NXM (::% (::% ZJMKH) ZJMKH) FG NKK YXNXJFAY >% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
Imkk >
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
Imkk <
>%
>%
>%
>%
Hmgmit \ntm
Hmgmit \ntm
Hmgmit \ntm
Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
Imkk 8 >% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
Imkk 9 >% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
>% Hmgmit \ntm
\MY]KXY JA 32% IFAGF\DJAC U\FH]IXY Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
U\FIMYY GNKKF]X XNLKM Imatmrmh Urfimss Urfimss inpnljkjty rntjf 5.=5 5.3= >.55 >.>5 >..95 >.85 >.=5 >.75 >.35 >.25 99,755.55 2
Ykjhm 2=
Ykjhm 27
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
HJHA‚X HJHA‚XSNYB SNYB BNAHY BNAHY
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC Jdpkmdmatntjfa Urfimhurm? • Urfhuit Xffkjac Hmsjca Ubnsm ·
Urmhjit Uftmatjnk ^unkjty Hmgmits hurjac Urfhuit Xffkjac Hmsjca Ytncm.
]sm HGD tf dfhjgy Xffkjac Hmsjca tf Urmvmat Uftmatjnk Hmgmits grfd Fiiurrjac ja Urfhuitjfa Jhmatjgjmh. lnsmh fa Uftmatjnk Hmgmits
Lujkh Uf`n-Zf`m Hmvjims jatf tbm Urfimss wbmrm Hmsjca ‛Gjxms— ina aft lm Jaifrpfrntmh.
Ykjhm 23
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC
Jdpkmdmatntjfa Urfimhurm (Ifatjaumh)? • Urfhuitjfa Ubnsm · \mtrf-gjt
Uf`n-Zf`m Hmvjims jatf Mxjstjac
Xffkjac ]sm ^unkjty Bjstfry tf Xnrcmt Uftmatjnk Mrrfr Urffgjac Nppkjintjfa Yjtms Fltnja Ymt-]p Fpmrntfr Japut ns tf Sbmrm tf Nppky ‛Mrrfr Urffgjac— Hmvjims Hmvjims ns wmk wmkkk ns tbm Xypm fg Hmvjims tf ]sm.
Ykjhm 22
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC Yfdm Mrrfr Urffgjac Cujhmkjams? •
Ytnahnrhjzm Urmss Ybut Bmjcbts
• •
]tjkjzm Hjcjtnk Urfimss Unrndmtmr Cncms Nppky Kfintjac Hmvjims Hmvjims tf Hjms, Gjxturms Gjxturms,, Mti.
•
Cncms Urm-inkjlrntmh prjfr tf Ytnrt fg Ymt-]p
•
]tjkjzm Ifddfa/—^uji` Ifaamit Gjttjacs nah
•
Ikndpjac Bnrhwnrm ‛Fam Sny— Kfnhjac
•
>55% Ifdpfamat Urmsmaim Ibmi`
•
Wmrjgy ‛Dnibjam Iyikm Ifdpkmtmh—
Ykjhm 2:
•
Hmtmitmh ‛Mrrfr— Ytfps Urfimss Ykjhm :5
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
INY]NK IFAAMIXJFAY LMXSMMA HMGMIXY NAH B]DNA M\\F\Y Ytrfacky Ifaamitmh
Budna Mrrfrs Inusms fg Hmgmits djttmh Urfimssjac Urfimssjac Mrrfrs Mrrfrs Ymttjac ]p Sfr`pjmims Djssjac Unrts Srfac Unrts Urfimssjac Srfac Sfr`pjmim Djsfpmrntjfa Nhoustdmat Mrrfr
Ifaamitmh a
f a m a J
n s s D
f s v
f i u c G
h s D
s m N
m u S
a J
w f Y
Y
s p
A
Y
Jdprfpmr Mqujpdmat Ymtup Jdprfpmr Xffks nah Ojcs YF]\IM? A@Y/Gnitfry Dncnz Dncnzjam jam ‛Uf`n-Zf`m—
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
SF\@YBFU FLOMIXJWM Xf jdprfvm tbm U\FIMYY ly bmkpjac pmfpkm prmvmat M\\F\Y nah jairmnsm tbm ibnaims fg HMXMIXJFA, sf tbnt GNJK]\M DFHM fiiurrmaims nrm MKJDJANXMH.
Ykjhm :>
Ykjhm :<
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Sfr`sbfp Nitjfa Jtmds
Af.
Yuppkjmr?
Kfintjfa?
CD Luymr?
Irmntjvjty Xmnd?
Nitjvjty Xypm? Xypm?
YHM?
Nitjvjty Hntm?
Gfkkfw up Hntms?
Nitjfa Jtmd
-
\mspfasjljkjty
Xnrcmt Hntm
Urfcrmss Ifddmats
Ykjhm :9
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqum Sfr`sbfp Y]DDN\Z FG \MY]KXY
HNXM FG SF\@YBFU?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV SF\@YBFU?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV YBF\X XM\D G/] HNXM?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV KFAC XM\D G/] HNXM?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
Y]UUKJM\?V VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV CD YUFAYF\JAC HJWJYJFA?VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV U\FIMYY?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV UUNU \M^]J\MDMAXY NHH\MYYMH (Z/A)?VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV I\MNXJWJXZ XMND ANDM & A]DLM\?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV NGXM\ SF\@YBFU
UN\NDMXM\Y
LMGF\M SF\@YBFU
JDU\FWMH YXNXM (I]\\MAX SMM@) DMNY]\M
YBF\X XM\D (5-7 DFY)
% JDU\FWMDMAX
IFYX FG ^]NKJXZ
DMNY]\M
% JDU\FWMDMAX
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVV
NIX]NK
GJ\YX XJDM GF\MINYX
^]NKJXZ VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVV
NIX]NK
U\FIMYY GF\MINYX
INUNLJKJXZ VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVV
NIX]NK
FWM\NKK ^]NKJXZ GF\MINYX
DMNY]\M
VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVV NIX]NK
IFDDMAXY? Ukmnsm jahjintm tbm dmnsurms usmh? (Aft nkk dmnsurms dmnsurms ammh tf lm usmh hurja hurjac c wf wfr`sbf r`sbfp) p)
Mxndpkms fg Ifst fg ^unkjty jdprfvmdmats 4 rmhuimh / mkjdjantmh sirnp &/fr rmwfr`, rmhuitjfa fg mximss javmatfry. Gjrst Xjdm ^unkj ^unkjty ty 4 jdpr jdprfvmdm fvmdmat at ja ja mah fg kkjam jam qunkjt qunkjty y rmsukts. rmsukts. Urfimss Inpnljkjty 4 jdprfvmdmat ja prfimss inpnljkjty. Fvmrnkk ^unkjty Dmnsurm 4 hmgmits pmr pnrt fr rrppd.
XMND KMNHM\Y?
KFAC XM\D (7->< DFY) DMNY]\M
% JDU\FWMDMAX
UBFAM? © >::= Ifpyrjcbt Cmamrnk Dftfrs. Nkk rjcbts rmsmrvmh.
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBNX JY AMIMYYN\Z XF LM Y]IIMYYG]K6 • Dnancmdmat Yuppfrt • Xmnd Dmdlmrs wbf? • Nrm tmnd pknymrs • Ifdduajintm wmkk Aft mdpfwmrmh ngrnjh tf ifatrjlutm •• Nrm • Bnvm tbm hmsjrm tf sfkvm sfkvm prflkmds • Ina dn`m jt bnppma
Ykjhm :8
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
XMND \MIFDDMAHNXJFA @MZ N\MNY? • FUM\NXF\Y & JAYUMIXF\Y G\FD YX]HZ N\MN • U\FIMYY NAH HMYJCA MACJAMM\ • ^]NKJXZ \MU\MYMAXNXJW \MU\MYMAXNXJWM M • Y@JKKMH X\NHMY • DNANCMDMAX \MU\MYMAXNXJW \MU\MYMAXNXJWM M - DJHHKM XF ]UUM\ KMWMKY • DNA]GNIX]\JAC \MU\MYMAXNXJW \MU\MYMAXNXJWM M FUXJFANK N\MNY? • DNJAXMANAIM \MU\MYMAXNXJWM \MU\MYMAXNXJW M • FXBM\ XMIBAJINK \MU\MYMAXNXJW \MU\MYMAXNXJWMY? MY? • JAH]YX\JNK MACJAMM\
Ykjhm :=
• ]AJFA \MU\MYMAXNXJW \MU\MYMAXNXJWM M Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
XMND DMDLM\Y HMYJ\MH LNI@C\F]AH
@AFSKMHCM NAH MRUM\JMAIM FG XBM U\FIMYY LMJAC YX]HJMH.
UFYYMYYJAC N XMDUM\NDMAX XF SF\@ JA XMNDY NAH IFAX\JL]XM XF XMND CFNKY.
SJKKJAC XF DN@M IBNACM NAH XBJA@ LMZFAH AF\DNK U\NIXJIMY.
MDUFSM\MH XF YUMN@ GF\ F\CNAJ_NXJFA NAH @AFSKMHCMNLKM @AFSKMHCMN LKM XF SBFD XF \MNIB GF\ I\JXJINK HMIJYJFAY F\ NAYSM\Y XF ^]MYXJFAY.
JAAFWNXJWM NAH I\MNXJWM XBJA@JAC U\FIMYY.
NLJKJXZ XF \MU\MYMAX NAH NAH IFAWMZ NXXJX]HMY NXXJX]HMY FG N\MN / G]AIXJFA \MU\MYMAXMH.
NSN\M FG JAH]YX\Z JAH]YX\Z NAH IFDUNAJMY IFDUMXJXJWM IFDUMXJXJWM YJX]NXJFA, NAH AMMH XF IBNACM.
]AHM\YXNAH NAH NIIMUX XBNX XBM SF\@YBFU
Ykjhm :7
U\FIMYY DNZ JAWFKWM KFAC BF]\Y.
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Y]CCMYXMH JAGF\DNXJFA GF\ \MWJMS • UGDMN Hntn • Jatmrank Nuhjt Jagfrdntjfa • Ifatrfk Ukna • Urfimss Gkfw • \fft Inusm Inusm Nankysjs Umrgfrdmh tf Hntm • Urfimss Inpnljkjty • Iustfdmr \momitjfas/Snr \momitjfas/Snrrnaty rnaty Jagfrdntjfa • Yirnp \ntm Jagfrdntjfa ly Inusm • Uf`n-Zf`m Hmvjims • Ftbmr6
Ykjhm :3
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
IBMI@KJYX
YXNX]Y
JXMD IFAGM\MAIM \FFD-@JI@FGG DMMXJAC HNZ FAM, XJDM XLH, KN\CM MAF]CB GF\ XMND DMDLM\Y, YXNGG, NAH WJYJXF\Y. - X\NAYUN\MAIZ U\FOMIXF\ - WBY XNUM DNIBJAM - MNYMK MNYMK SJXB DN\@M\Y IFAGM\MAIM \FFD-S\NU-]U DMMXJAC KNYX HNZ, HNZ, XJDM XLH, KN\CM MAF]CB GF\ XMND DMDLM\Y, YXNGG, YXNGG, NAH WJYJXF\Y. - X\NAYUN\MAIZ U\FOMIXF\ - WBY XNUM DNIBJAM - MNYMK MNYMK SJXB DN\@M\Y IFAGM\MAIM \FFD-GF\ MNIB SF\@YBFU XMND G\FD HNZ FAM XJKK KNYX HNZ HNZ KN\CM MAF]CB GF\ ]U XF > = UMFUKM. - X\NAYUN\MAIZ U\FOMIXF\ - MNYMK SJXB SJXB D]K D]KXJ-IFKF\MH XJ-IFKF\MH DN\@M\Y NAH UKMAXZ FG M MNYMK NYMK UNUM\ UNUM\ - WBY XNUM DNIBJAM - DNY@JAC XNUM - KNZF]X FG \FFD IFAH]IJWM XF CFFH XMND JAWFKWMDMAX JAWFKWMDMAX (AFJYM, G]\AJX]\M IFAGJC]\N IFAGJC]\NXJFA, XJFA, XMDUM\NX]\M XMDUM\NX]\M IFAX\FK). - NIIMYY XF IFUZ DNIBJAMY GF\ IFUJMY NAH X\NAYUN\MAIJMY. X\NAYUN\MAIJMY. - KFINXJFA KFINXJFA IKFYM XF SF\@YJ XM GF\ JDUKMDMAXN JDUKMDMA XNXJFA SF\@YBFU. - LKNA@ X\NAYUN\MAI X\NAYUN\MAIJMY JMY NAH DN\@M\Y NWNJKNLKM NJKNLKM.. L\MN@F]X \FFD(Y)-GF\ SF\@YBFU XMND XF DMMX JA Y]LC\F]UY N NX X WN\JF]Y XJDMY. SF\@YBFU XMND DMDLM\Y YMKMIXMH. UN\XJIJUNAX \MWJMS FG U\FIMYY NAH U]\UFYM/MRUMIXNXJFAY (CD XF NYYJYX6). SF\@YJXM NAH NGGMIXMH N\MN \MWJMS FG SF\@YBFU UKNAY NAH U]\UFYM/MRUMIXNXJFAY U]\UFYM/MRUMIXNXJFAY (CD XF NYYJYX6). DMYYNCM IMAXM\ N\\NACMDMAX MYXNLK MYXNLKJYBMH JYBMH GF\ UN\ UN\XJIJU XJIJUNAXY NAXY NAH WJYJXF\Y, ANDM XNCY XNCY GF\ MNIB XMND DMDLM\ (AFX YXJ YXJI@ I@ FA XZUM). \MG\MYBDMAXY GF\ DF\AJAC NAH NGXM\AFFA (IFGGMM, UFU UFU,, G\]JX, SNXM\) GF\ XMNDY NAH @JI@FGG DMMXJAC. K]AIB N\\NACMDMAXY XF DJAJDJ_M X\NWMK XJDM (JG U\MYMX DMA], @MMU FA KJCBX YJHM). UN\XJIJUNAX UN\XJIJU NAX DNXM\JNKY NWNJKNLK NWNJKNLKM. M. - S\JXJAC UNH & UMA - YNGMXZ M^]JUDMAX - SF\@YBMMXY SF\@YBMMXY (CD XF U\FWJHM)
Ykjhm :2
- IKJULFN\H F\ BN\H S\JXJAC Y]\GNIM Y]\GNIM FXBM\ NXXMAHMMY NXXMAHMMY GF\ @JI@FGG NAH S\NU-]U DMMXJAC JHMAXJGJMH.
Uncm > fg <
IBMI@KJYX
YXNX]Y
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
Uncm < fg <
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
NXXMAHMMY ANDM
IFDUNAZ
I]\\MAX OFL NYYJCADMAX L]YJAMYY UBFAM
Ykjhm >5>
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Sfr`sbfp Nitjfa Jtmds Yuppkjmr?
Kfintjfa?
CD Luymr?
Irmntjvjty Xmnd?
Nitjvjty Xypm? Xypm?
YHM?
Nitjvjty Hntm?
Af.
Gfkkfw up Hntms? Hntms?
Nitjfa Jtmd
-
\mspfasjljkjty
Xnrcmt Hntm
Urfcrmss Ifddmats
Ykjhm >5<
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqum Sfr`sbfp Y]DDN\Z FG \MY]KXY
HNXM FG SF\@YBFU?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV SF\@YBFU?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV YBF\X XM\D G/] HNXM?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV KFAC XM\D G/] HNXM?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
Y]UUKJM\?VVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV CD YUFAYF\JAC HJWJYJFA? VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV U\FIMYY?VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV UUNU \M^]J\MDMAXY NHH\MYYMH (Z/A)?VVVVV VVVVVVVVVV I\MNXJWJXZ XMND ANDM & A]DLM\?VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV NGXM\ SF\@YBFU
UN\NDMXM\Y
LMGF\M
JDU\FWMH YXNXM (I]\\MAX SMM@)
SF\@YBFU
DMNY]\M
IFYX FG ^]NKJXZ
YBF\X XM\D (5-7 DFY)
% JDU\FWMDMAX
DMNY]\M
% JDU\FWMDMAX
KFAC XM\D (7->< DFY) DMNY]\M
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV NIX]NK
GJ\YX XJDM ^]NKJXZ
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV NIX]NK
U\FIMYY INUNLJKJXZ
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV NIX]NK
FWM\NKK ^]NKJXZ GF\MINYX
DMNY]\M
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV NIX]NK
IFDDMAXY? Ukmnsm jahjintm tbm dmnsurms usmh?
Mxndpkms fg Ifst fg ^unkjty jdprfvmdmats 4 rmhuimh / mkjdjantmh sirnp &/fr rmwfr`, rmhuitjfa fg mximss javmatfry.
(Aft nkk dmnsurms ammh tf lm usmh hurjac wfr`sbfp) wfr`sbfp)
Gjrst Xjdm dm ^unkjty ^unkjty 4 jdprfvmdmat jdprfvmdmat ja mah mah fg kjam kjam qunkjty rmsukts. Urfimss Inpnljkjty 4 jdprfvmdmat ja prfimss inpnljkjty. inpnljkjty. Fvmrnkk ^unkjty Dmnsurm 4 hmgmits pmr pnrt fr rrppd.
?
% JDU\FWMDMAX
?
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
HMGJAM I]\\MAX YXNXM • N\MNY FG JAWMYXJCNXJFA NAH IFAGJ\DNXJFA? IFAGJ\DNXJFA? • U\FIMYY GKFS HJNC\ND • \MWJMS FG U\FLKMD N\MN • UGDMN • JAXM\ANK N]HJXY NAH JAGF\DNXJFA • \FFX IN]YM NANKZYJY MGGF\XY XF HNXM • I]YXFDM\ \MOMIXJFAY • IFAX\FK UKNAY
• IFDUKMXM ‛Y]DDN\Z FG \MY]KXY— I]\\MAX YXNXM
Ykjhm >59
Ykjhm >58
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
UFXMAXJNK GNJK]\M DFHM NAH MGGMIXY NANKZYJY (U\FIMYY GDMN)
GDMN Audlmr VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV Uncm VVVVVVVVV fg VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
Urfi Urfims msss \ms ppfa fassjljk jljkjt jtyyVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVV VVVVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV
Ur Urmmpnr nrmh mh ly VVV VVVV VVVVVV VVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVV VVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVV VVVV VVVVVV
Dfhm Dfhmkk Zm Zmnr nr(s (s)) / Wm Wmbj bjik ikm( m(s) s)VV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVV@m V@myy Hn Hntm tmVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VV
GDMN GDMN Hn Hntm tm (F (Frj rjc. c.)V )VVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV VVVV (\ (\mv mv.) .)VV VVVV VVVV VVVV VV
Jtmd tmdVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV VVVV VVVVVVVV VVVVVV VV
Ifrm XmndVVVVVVVVVV XmndVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV :
>5
>>
><
>9
Y M W
I k n s s
Urfimss Guaitjfa
\mqujrmdmats
Uftmatjnk Gnjkurm Dfhm
Uftmatjnk Mggmit(s) fg Gnjkurm
>8
Uftmatjnk Inusm(s)/ Dmibnajsd(s) fg Gnjkurm
>=
i i u r
>7
>3
Iurrmat Urfimss Ifatrfks
H m t m i
>2
>:
< DFY) DMNY]\M
^]NKJXZ
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV NIX]NK
GJ\YX XJDM ^]NKJXZ
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV NIX]NK
GF\MINYX
INUNLJKJXZ
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV NIX]NK
FWM\NKK ^]NKJXZ DMNY]\M
GF\MINYX
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV NIX]NK
IFDDMAXY?
mnsm mnsm a in m
m dmns dmnsur urms ms usm usm ?
(Aft nkk dmnsurms dmnsurms ammh ammh tf lm usmh hurjac hurjac wfr`sbfp wfr`sbfp))
Mxndpkms fg Ifst fg ^unkjty jdprfvmdmats 4 rmhuimh / mkjdjantmh sirnp &/fr rmwfr`, rmhuitjfa fg mximss javmatfry. Gjrst Xjdm Xjdm ^unkjty 4 jdprfvmdmat jdprfvmdmat ja ma mah h fg kjam qunkjty rmsukts. rmsukts. Urfimss Inpnljkjty 4 jdprfvmdmat ja prfimss inpnljkjty.
% JDU\FWMDMAX
Urfimss Inpnljkjty
jdprfvmdmat ja prfimss inpnljkjty.
Fvmrnkk ^unkjty Dmnsurm 4 hmgmits pmr pnrt fr rrppd.
? ?
SBNX JY M\\F\ U\FFGJAC6 BFS NAH SBM\M HF SM NUUKZ JX6
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBNX JY M\\F\ U\FFGJAC6 Mrrfr MrrfrUrffgjac Urffgjacjs jstbm tbmnitjvjty nitjvjtyfg fgnwnrmamss, nwnrmamss,hmtmitjfa, hmtmitjfa,nah nah prmvmatjfa prmvmatjfafg fgmrrfrs mrrfrswbjib wbjibnhvmrsmky nhvmrsmkynggmit? nggmit? F Fuurriiuussttffd dmmrrss F Fuurrppmmffppkm km
((hhmmggmmiittss)) ((ja jaou ourrjm jmss))
nah nahrmsukt rmsuktja jaSNYXM! SNYXM! Nwnrmamss? Bnvjac tbm gfrmtbfucbt tbnt n djstn`m ina lm dnhm, ifdduajintjac tbm pftmatjnk, nah pknaajac tbm hmsjca fg tbm prfhuit fr prfimss tf hmtmit fr prmvmat jt. Hmtmitjfa? Nkkfwjac tbm djstn`m tf bnppma lut prfvjhjac sfdm dmnas fg hmtmitjac jt nah nkmrtjac Hmtmitjfa? Nkkfwjac sfdmfam sf tbnt wm gjx jt lmgfrm smahjac jt tf fur iustfdmr. Urmvmatjfa? Aft nkkfwjac tbm pfssjljkjty gfr tbm djstn`m tf fiiur ja tbm gjrst pknim.
Ykjhm >5:
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBZ HF SM Y]CCMYX M\\F\ U\FFGJAC6 U]\UFYM FG M\\F\ U\FFGJAC MGGF\X? •
Hrjvm sjdpkm nah jamxpmasjvm hmvjims jatf fur prfimssms tf bmkp pmfpkm aftjim mrrfrs
@MZ IFAIMUXY / NYY]DUXJFAY? •
Umfpkm wnat tf hf n cffh ofl
•
Umfpkm dn`m djstn`ms
• •
Na mrrfr faky lmifdms n hmgmit jg jt‚s pnssmh fa Xbm faky wny tf aftjim mrrfrs js tf bnvm hmvjims hf >55% jaspmitjfa (aft pmfpkm)
Ykjhm >>5
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
YF]\IMY FG HMGMIXY FDJXXMH U\FIMYYJAC U\FIMYYJAC M\\F\Y M\\F\Y YMXXJAC ]U SF\@UJMIMY DJYYJAC UN\XY S\FAC UN\XY U\FIMYYJAC S\FAC SF\@UJMIM DJYFUM\NXJFA NHO]YXDMAX M\\F\ M^]JUDMAX AFX YMX ]U U\FUM\KZ
Ykjhm >>>
XFFKY NAH OJCY JDU\FUM\KZ U\MUN\MH Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
HJGGM\MAX @JAHY FG M\\F\Y GF\CMXG]KAMYY M\\F\Y H]M XF DJY]AHM\YXNAHJAC M\\F\Y JA JHMAXJGJINXJFA M\\F\Y DNHM LZ NDNXM]\Y SJKKG]K M\\F\Y JANHWM\XMAX M\\F\Y M\\F\Y H]M XF YKFSAMYY M\\F\Y H]M XF XBM KNI@ FG YXNAHN\HY Y]\U\JYM M\\F\Y
Ykjhm >><
JAXMAXJFANK M\\F\Y Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
GJWM XZUMY FG HMGMIX FII]\\MAIMY >. JANUU\FU\JNXM YXNAHN\H FUM\NXJAC U\FIMH]\MY F\ DMXBFHY. >9
(]YM NUU\FU\JNXM DNXM\JNKY NAH JAYUMIX IN\MG]KKZ FA \MIMJUX)
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Ykjhm >>8
GJWM XZUMY FG HMGMIX FII]\\MAIMY 8. SF\A DNIBJAM LMN\JACY F\ XFFKY (IN\\Z F]X XBF\F]CB DNJAXMANAIM NAH XFFK DNANCMDMAX)
=. YJDUKM DJYXN@MY F\ JDUM\GMIXKZ IFAX\FKKMH XNY@ MRMI]XJFA
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
_M\F ^]NKJXZ IFAX\FK IFDUFAMAXY • YF]\IM JAYUMIXJFA? • Ibmi`s gfr gn gnitfrs itfrs tbnt inusm mrrfrs, aft tbm rmsuktjac hmgmit. (Kfintfr pja)
• >55% JAYUMIXJFA? • ]sms jamxpmas jamxpmasjvm jvm Uf`n-Zf`m hmvjims tf jaspmit jaspmit nutfdntjink nutfdntjinkky ky gfr mrrfrs mrrfrs fr h hmgmitjvm mgmitjvm fpmrntjac ifahjtjfas. (Kjdjt swjtib). • JDDMHJNXM IF\\MIXJWM NIXJFA? • Fpmrntjfas nrm stfppmh jastnatky wbma n dj djstn`m stn`m js dnhm nah aft rmsudmh uatjk jt‚s ifrrmitmh. (Dnibjam js sbut hfwa)
• \MIFCAJ_M XBNX UMFU UMFUKM KM N\M B]DNA NAH ]YM UF@N-ZF@M HMWJIMY XF G]KGJKK ‛IBMI@JAC
Ykjhm >>=
G]AIXJFAY—. Ykjhm >>7
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
YF]\IM JAYUMIXJFA DNANCMDMAX IZIKM IN]YM
\MY]KX
8. Xbmsm nrm duktjpkm nssmdlky fpmrntjfas.
>. Ybjacf wnats tf smt-up dnay fg tbmsm sdnkk ijrikms.
Hmgmit Mrrfr
(sdnkk iyikm) Ifavmatjfank Hmgmit
Nitjfa
Ibmi` nah gmmhlni`
Dnancmdmat Iyikm (knrcm iyikm) 9. Ybjacf wn wnats ats tf hjsifurncm tbmsm fr dn`m sbfrtmr.
Nitjfa
Ibmi` nah
gmmhlni` >3
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC Xmibajqums? •
Hmsjca Gfr Dnaugniturnljkjty (HGD)
Xmibajqum tbnt \msukts ja Hmsjcas tbnt Inaaft lm Jaifrrmitky Dnaugniturmh fr Nssmdlkmh. Nssmdlk mh. Xbjs Xmibajqum Xmibajqum ina nksf lm usmh tf jt‚s ‛Yjdpkjgy— rmhuim ifst . tbm Hmsjca nah tbmrmgfrm
Ykjhm >>2
Ykjhm >>:
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
HMYJCA YXNCM - LMYX FUUF\X]AJ FUUF\X]AJXZ XZ XF JDUNIX ^]NKJXZ & IFYX
IBNAIMY GF\ ^]NKJXZ & IFYX JDU\FWMDMAXY
IFYX
IFYX XF JDUKMDMAX
XJDM
YXN\X FG U\FH]IXJFA
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
M\\F\ U\FFGJAC XMIBAJ^]MY
HMYJCA U\MWMAXY DJYNYYMDLKZ
Ykjhm >55% Cffh Unrts grfd tbm Gjrst Ujmim fa
‛_mrf ^unkjty Ifatrfk? Yfurim Jaspmitjfa nah tbm Uf`n-Zf`m Yystmd— Ybjcmf Ybjacf0 >:27
Ykjhm >
Ykjhm >55% Jaspmit
Hmgmit Hmtmitjfa - Ytfps Urfimss
Nvfjhnaim - \flust Urfhuit / Urfimss Hmsjcas - Nutfafdntjfa
NSN\MAMYY
HMXMIXJFA
U\MWMAXJFA
* >55% jaspmitjfa gfr ifatnjadmat fg n hmgmit sbfukh sbfukh lm jdpkmdmatmh faky ns n tmdpfrnry gjx, ns jt, jt, tff, js sulomit tf fpmrntfr vjcjknaim.
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
LNYJI G]AIXJFAY FG N UF@N-ZF@M YZYXMD • YB]XHFSA • IFAX\FK • SN\AJAC
Ykjhm >. C]JHM UJAY FG HJGGM\MAX YJ_MY 95
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Sbmrm Uf`n-Zf`m js tmibajinkky fr mifafdjinkky uagmnsjlkm ja
Jaifrpfrntm Uf`n-Zf`m guaitjfas jatf suiimssjvm
smkg-ibmi` systmd...
ibmi` systmds.
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
Ykjhm >9>
MRNDUKMY FG M\\F\Y NX SF\@ •
Djssjac Unrts µ
•
µ
Djsnssmdlky - kffsm pnrts, upsjhm hfwa, aft nkjcamh
m.c. - lrni`mts (lni`wnrhs), smnks (aft nkjcamh), sirmws (kffsm), knlmks (upsjhm hfwa), ...
Jaifrrmit Urfimssjac µ
•
Gfrcmttjac tf nssmdlkm n pnrt - sirmws, knlmks, frjgjim tulms...
Djsnssmdlkmh Unrts
•
...
Hjspfsjac fg n pnrt rmomitmh nt tmst tf t f tbm wrfac pjkm
Jaifrrmit Unrts
\mtrjmvjac nah nssmdlkjac tbm wrfac pnrt grfd n dfhmk djx smkmitjfa smnks, knlmks, lrni`mts, insms...
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
U\FLKMD YXNXMDMAX
4
KFYX
Ykjhm >9<
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
SBNX JY XBM \FFX IN]YM6666
Ykjhm >99
Ykjhm >98
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
U\FLKMD YFKWJAC U\FIMYY Gfr Iustfdmr Yntjsgnitjfa Jastjtutjfankjzm
Ifatjaufus Jdprfvmdmat
Ymkmit
Urmvmat =. Mvnkuntm
8. Jdpkmdmat
>. Jhmatjgy
Umfpkm & Xmndwfr`
9. Ukna
9=
MWNK]NXM
Mvnkuntm \msukts
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
XMND U\FIMYY YXMU? >. JHMAXJGZ GNJK]\MY U\JF\JXJ_M GNJK]\MY YMKMIX FAM HFI]DMAX I]\\MAX IFAHJXJFA 97
HFI]DMAX AMS IFAHJXJFA YMKMIX AMRX GNJK]\M NAH LMCJA YXMU >
Ykjhm >93
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
XFFKY GF\ NANKZYJY Gkfw Ibnrt
Gjsblfam Hjncrnd
Unrmtf Ibnrt
Urflkmd
Bjstfcrnd
Urflkmd
= Sby‚s
\ua Ibnrt
Sby Sby Sby Sby Sby \fft Inusm
Yinttmr Ukft
Ifatrfk Ibnrt
Ujitfcrnpb
Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
JDUKMDMAXNXJFA • X\Z HJGGM\MAX JHMNY • Mrrfr Urffgjac Hmvjim / Xffk • Amw Ifatnjamrs • Hjggmrmat Urfimss (ns` Mdpkfymms tf try) • Hjggmrmat Gkfw fg Dntmrjnks • Hmtmitjfa fg Hmgmits • \m-rfutm • INKK YFDMFAM • Uni`ncjac • Hmsjca Ibnacms • Knyfut Ibnacms • Npprfvnks grfd Hjvjsjfa • UNUM\SF\@ • Srjtm U.D. Urfimss
Ykjhm >92
• \m-Srjtm Urfimss Ytmps • Uuribnsm Frhmr • \mvjsm / \mvjsmh Knyfut Mrrfr Urffgjac Xmibajqums
FYLF\A‚Y \]KMY GF\
L\NJAYXF\DJAC • Irjtjijsd Gfrljhhma • Grmmwbmmkjac Maifurncmh • ^unatjty (Cfjac gfr n kft fg jhmns) • Ifdljam nah Mxpnah - Bjtib-bj`jac
Ykjhm >9:
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