Ericsson Parameter
Short Description
Ericsson Parameters....
Description
Ericsson Parameters Summary Parameter
Description
Range
BSPWRB
Base Station output power
0 -> 63 dbm
Ericsson Dafault Value
SingTel Recommended Value
45
45 dBm
Remarks Note that RBS2301 and 2302 only can supports till 33dbm
900: 31 GSM 1800: 33toto47dbm 45dbmInInodd odd values only BSPWRT
Base Station output power for the non-BCCH RF channel numbers
0 -> 63 dbm
45
Note that RBS2301 and 2302 only can supports till 33dbm
GSM 900: 31 to 47dbm In odd values only GSM 1800: 33 to 45dbm In odd values only CGI
BSIC
BCCHNO BCCHTYPE
Cell Global Identity (conisists of MCC-MNC-LACCI) MCC - Mobile Country Code
MCC : 3 digits
-
MNC - Mobile Network Code
MNC : 2 or 3 digits depending Mncdigithand)
Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED
-
LAC - Location Area Code
LAC: 1 to 65535
-
CI - Cell Identity
CI : 0 to 65535
-
NCC - Network Coloue Code
NCC: 0 to 7
-
BCC - Base station colour code
BCC: 0 to 7
-
0 to 7
Absolute RF channel number for BCCH
1 to 124( GSM900)
-
-
512 to 885 (GSM1800)
-
-
NCOMB
NCOMB
Base Station Identity Code (consists of NCCBCC) In Singtel GSM900, we are only allow to use 1, 4 and 6 for NCC BSIC = NCC BCC eg NCC=4 , BSIC will ranges from 40 to 47 Bcch - Broadcast Control Channel
Type of BCCH 1) COMB - indicates that the cell has a combined BCCH and SDCCH/4 2) COMBC - indicates that the cell has a
COMB, COMBC, NCOMB
The BCCH is always allocated to time slot number 0 in the defined ARFCN
combined BCCH and SDCCH/4 with CBCH subchannel
ARFCN - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
3) NCOMB - indicates that the cell does not have any type of combines BCCH and SDCCH/4
CBCH - is used for transmission of messages when the function Short Messages Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB) is activate in the cell CBCH - Cell Broadcast Channel Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED
AGBLK
Number of reserved access granted blocks
0 to 7 if non-combined Bcch is used
1
1 AGBLK
Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED
6
5 CCCH
Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED
0 to 2 if combined Bcch and SDCCH/4 is used
MFRMS
Multiframes Period - defined period of transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to 2 to 9 CCCH multiframes the same paging subgroups
FNOFFSET
Frame Number Offset - Indicates the time difference from the FN generator in the BTS
0 to 1325 TDMA Frames
ECSC
Early Classmark Sending Control - indicates if an MS in the cell is allowed to use
No - Early sending is not allowed
early classmark Sending.
Yes - Early sending is allowed
0
0 TDMA Frame
Yes
YES
To prevent that all cells on a site send BCCH channels at the same time it is possible to define a deviation with respect to the FN generator called FNOFFSET. By using FNOFFSET on a synchronised two or three sector site the time for decoding BSIC can be reduced. RBS2000 and 200 only support the range 0 to 1023.
The parameter ECSC has to be set to YES in order to allow the MS to send the MS mutliband and/or multislot capability.
TSC
Training Sequence Code
0 to 7
Same as BCC
1,4,7
MSTXPWR
Maximum transmit power for MS on connnection
13 to 43 dbm (GSM900) odd values only
33
33 dBm
4 to 30 dbm (GSM1800) odd values only
30
30 dBm
-
ACTIVE
TCH
TCH
STATE
Cell or Channel Group state
ACTIVE, HALTED
HOP
Frequency hopping status
ON, OFF, TCH
ON: The hopping status for the channel group is hopping for TCH and SDCCH
The cell or channel group is active or halted SDCCHs as well as TCHs can hop. A bcch will not hop even if it belongs to a channel group defined as hopping
OFF: The hopping status for the channel group is non hopping TCH: The hopping status fpr the channel group is hopping for TCH only HSN
Hopping Sequence Number
0 to 63
HSN=0 : cyclic hopping sequences
system
1 to 63
defined
HSN=1 to 63 : pseudo random sequences The number of required basic physical channels NUMREQBPC (BPCs) in a channel group
8 to 128 in steps of 8, SYSDEF
DCHNO
Absolute RF channel number
1 to 124( GSM900)
Related to BCCH plan
512 to 885 (GSM1800)
SDCCH
Required number of SDCCH/8
TN
SYSDEF
16 to 96 range
SYSDEF: system defined limit [ 1 TRX = 8]
-
32 ARFCN
0 to 16
1
1 sdcch
Timeslot number where the SDCCH/8 will be located.
0 to 3 (normal cell). 0, 2 (extended range cell).
1
1st TimeSlot
CBCH
Cell Broadcast Channel
Yes, No
No
NO
SCHO
SDCCH handover switch
ON, OFF
OFF
OFF
ON - handovers on SDCCH are allowed; OFF - handovers on SDCCH are not allowed
DTXD
Discontinuous Transmission Downlink
ON, OFF
OFF
OFF
Note: ON: DTX DL is enabled for the cell; OFF: DTX DL is disabled for the cell
DTXU
Uplink DTX indicator
0 to 2
1
1
GSM900: max 31 DCHNO, GSM1800: max 31 DCHNO, GSM1900: max 31 DCHNO
Refer to notes for different types of configurations
TN is only valid for CCHPOS = TN and must be equal for all channel groups in a cell.
Uplink discontinuous transmission means that the MS does not
0: The MSs may use uplink discontinuous transmission
transmit continuously, but only when necessary, thus being able
1: The MSs shall use uplink discontinuous transmission
to save batteries
2: The MSs must not use uplink discontinuous transmission MAIO
Mobile Allocation Index Offset
0 to 15 or DEFAULT
FHOP
Frequency Hopping
BB, SY
BB: Baseband hopping SY: Synthesiser hopping
DEFAULT BB
DEFAULT
SingTel using Baseband Hopping for GSM900 System, RF Hopping for GSM1800
CHGR
A cell is divided into one or more channel groups which contain all physical channels on an arbitrary number of frequencies. Cells with a subcell structure must have at least one channel group defined in each subcell. 0 to 15
0
0
0 (for cells without a subcell structure). n/a (for overlaid subcells). 0 (for underlaid subcells).
SCTYPE
Subcell type. SingTel does not use Intelligent Underlay Overlay [IUO]
-
-
UL The subcell type is underlaid. OL The subcell type is overlaid.
CELL DATA
HCSBAND Layer
LAYER
Defines which cell layers belong to the specified HSCBAND. Layer 1 has the highest priority (microcell)
LAYERTHR
The signal strength threshold is used for ranking of cells in different layer within each HCSBAND 0 to 150 dbm
UL, OL
1 to 8
2
1 /2
75
75 dBm / 95 dBm
Layer Hysteresis - signal strength is used for ranking cells in different layers within each LAYERHYST HCSBAND
0 to 63db
2
2 dB
PSSTEMP
Signal strength penalty temporary offset
0 to 63db
0
0 dB
PTIMTEMP
specifies the duration during which PSSTEMP is valid
0 to 600 seconds
FASTMSREG Handling of fast-moving mobiles switches
ON, OFF
CSYSTYPE
GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, MIXED
MBCR
Specifies system type -for the cell Multi Bandthe Cells Reported defines the nos of neighbours from each frequency band that shall be
0 to 3
0
0 second
OFF
OFF
GSM900
GSM900
0
0 or 1
The HCS feature with 3 layers allows building a network in a two- or three-layered structure. The higher layers can for example be used for large cells and the lower for small cells. Cells in layer 1 have higher priority than cells in layer 2, which in turn have higher priority than cells in layer 3.
Unless it is an Ericsson G18 cell, then it will be specified as GSM1800 0 The multiband MS reports the strongest identified neighbours irrespective of the frequency band used in the cells. 1 The multiband MS attempts to report, at least, the strongest identified neighbour cells in each frequency band.
reported in the measurement report
IDLE MODE Cell Selection Criteria: C1, C2 ACCMIN
Minimum received signal level in dbm at the MS for permission to access the system
CCHPWR
Maximum transceiver power level an MS may use when accessinf on a control channel
47 to 110 dBm
- 110 dBm
- 104 dBm
A low value of ACCMIN means that the coverage in idle mode is improved at the expense of the risk of having an increased number of call setup failures
CRH
Cell Reselection Hysteresis - receiving signal strength hysteresis for required cell reselection
13 to 43 (GSM900)
33
33 dBm
4 to 30 (GSM1800)
30
30 dBm
4
4 dB
C1(N) > C1 + CRH
1, 4, 6
1,4,6
Up to 8 NCCs can be defined
No
No
HIGH
HIGH
0
0 dB / 4 = 8 dB
0 to 14 in steps of 2db
over location area border (LAC) NCCPERM
PLMM (NCC) Permitted - defined the allow NCCs (Network Colour Code) on the BCCH carriers
0 to 7
for which the MS is permitted to send measurement reports CB
Cell Bar Access
Yes, No
CBQ
Cell Bar Qualify - HIGH: The cell has high priority; LOW: The cell has low priority
HIGH, LOW
CRO
Cell Reselection Offset - defines an offset to encourage or discourage MSs to select the cell
0 to 63 [0 dB to 126 dB in steps of 2 dB)
while it is camping on another cell, eg: perforam a cell reselection TO
Temporary Offset - defines a negative offset applied to CRO
The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs C2 = C1 + CRO − TO * H(PT − T) for PT ≠ 31 C2 = C1 − CRO for PT = 31
0 to 7 [0 dB to infinite dB in steps of 10 dB]
0
0 dB
The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs
PT
Penalty time - defines duration for which TO is applied
0 to 31 [0 sec to 620 sec in steps of 20 sec]
0
0 / 31
T3212
Defines the time-out value that controls the location updating procedure,
0 to 255 deci hours [Infinite time out to 25.5 hours]
40
20 = 2 hours
The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs
DOUBLE BA List
MBCCHNO
Absolute RF channel number for measurement on BCCH
LISTTYPE
identifies which type pf list the chosen frequencies will be on
1 to 124 (GSM900)
-
MBCCHNO is the BCCH allocation, i.e. it indicates to the MS the frequencies that must be monitored and measured in idle, active or both modes.Up to 32 BCCH carriers 32 BCCH in the List can be defined by specifying their ARFCN
512 to 885 (GSM1800) IDLE, ACTIVE, Omited
-
IDLE/ ACTIVE
16
16
RLINKUP is used by the BSC to determine when to disconnect the call upon repeated failure in decoding the SACCH.
16
A counter that is given the value RLINKT is started in the MS after the assignment of a dedicated channel. Two units increase the counter if the SACCH data is successfully decoded. One unit decreases it if it cannot be successfully decoded. If the counter reaches the value zero, then the call release is initiated.
63
If the measured timing advance value for an access burst is equal to or greater than MAXTA, then the connection set-up signalling is terminated by the system.
NO
NO
If the cell is an extended range cell, traffic at a distance of greater than 35 km between the MS and the BTS can be supported
Extended range RLINKUP
Radio Link Time-out - the maximum value of the radio counter for the uplink
RINKT
Radio Link Time-out - the maximum value of the radio downlink counter
MAXTA
Maximum timing advance before an MS is considered lost
XRANGE
Extended range cell
1 to 63 SACCH periods (480ms)
8 to 64 in steps of 4 SACCH periods (480ms)
0 to 63 (normal cell)
YES, NO
16
63
Filter control for measurement SSEVALSD
Signal strength filter for speech/data
1 to 9
6
6
1 to 5: General FIR filters;
QEVALSD
Quality filter for speech./data
1 to 9
6
6
7: Exponential filter; 8: First order Butterworth filter
SSVALSI
Signal strength filter for signalling only
1 to 9
6
6
9 Median filter
QEVALSI
Quality filter for signalling only
1 to 9
6
6
SSLENSD
Length of signal strength filter speech/data
1 to 20 SACCH periods
QLENSD
Length of quality filter for speech/data
1 to 20 SACCH periods
SSLENSI
Length of signal strength filter for signalling only 1 to 20 SACCH periods
QLENSI SSRAMPSD
Length quality filter strength for signalling Rampingof length of signal for only speech/data
SSRAMPSI
Ramping length of signal strength for signalling only
4
10
12
12
4
10
12
12
1 to 20 SACCH periods
5
5
1 to 20 SACCH periods
2
6
0 to 18
3
3
1 to 20 SACCH periods
6: Straight Average filter
1 SACCH period (480 ms).
LOCATING DATA : Basic ranking of cell data MISSNM
Max no of consecutive missing measurements for serving cell or neighbouring cell permitted before old measurements are considered invalid
BSTXPWR
is the BTS output power on all frequencies other than is theBcch BTSfrequency output power on the [ BCCH frequency 0 to 80 dbm
50
50 dBm
BSPWR
]
50
50 dBm
MSRXMIN
Minimum required signal strength received at the MS in a given cell to consider the cell 0 to 150 dbm
100
100 dBm
as a possible candidate for handover
0 to 80 dbm
Maximum number of consecutive missing measurements for a serving cell or neighbouring cell permitted before all old measurements are considered invalid.
BSRXMIN
Minimum required signal strength received at the BTS, at the reference point, to consider the 0 to 150 dbm
116
116 dBm
0 to 150 dbm
0
0 dBm
0 to 150 dbm
max 150
150 dBm
OFF
ON
ON
ON
0
1
NOPREF
NOPREF
cell as a possible candidate for handover MSRXSUFF
Sufficient signal strength received at the MS to consider the cell selectable for further ranking according to the magnitude of the path loss
BSRXSUFF
Sufficient signal strength received at the BTS, at the reference point, to consider the cell selectable for further ranking according to the magnitude of the path loss
AW
Assignment to worst cell switch. Identifies if assignment to worse cell is allowed from that cell ON, OFF
GPRS Channel administration GPRS
Activates/deactivates GPRS support in the cell
ON, OFF
FPDCH
used to dedicate a number of traffic channels in the cell for GPRS only
0 to 8
used in the channel allocation algorithm to determine where the first dedicated PSET of PDCHALLOC PDCH be allocated LAST When allocating dedicated PDCH it must not be allocated on the non-hopping BCCH frequency. If no channels are available on other frequencies than the non-hopping BCCH frequency ondemand channels are allocated instead, until the requirement is fulfilled.
NOPREF, FIRST, LAST
The dedicated Pdch will not be pre-empted by circuit switched traffic
note: NOPREF: the channel alocation algorithm should not consider this parameter
FIRST When allocating the first dedicated PDCH it must be allocated on the nonhopping BCCH frequency. If no channels are available on the non-hopping BCCH frequency on-demand channels are allocated instead, until the requirement is fulfilled.
CHCODING
CHCODING is used to the GPRS channel-coding scheme.
CS 1 or 2 for Ericsson R8
PILTIMER
When an on-demand PDCH becomes idle it is placed in the idle list for the packet switched domain and PILTIMER is started. When the PILTIMER expires for a PDCH the channel is returned to circuit switched domain.
1 to3600.
GPRSPRIO
0 (pre-empt GPRS connection when needed for voice) 16 (pre-empt all but 1 idle GPRS ts)
0,16,24
CS 2
CS 2
20 seconds
20 seconds
0
0 or 1
INACTIVE
ACTIVE
95 dBm
24 (pre-empt only idle GPRS ts, leave busy GPRS connections alone) MS power control DMPSTATE
Dynamic MS power control state
ACTIVE, INACTIVE
SSDES
Defines the target value for the desired signal strength uplink measured by the BTS during the stationary phase.
47 to 110 dbm
85
INIDES
Defines the target value for the desired signal strength uplink measured by the BTS during the initial phase.
47 to 110 dbm
70
85 dBm
5
5 SACCH
The value of SSLEN > INILEN.
2
2 SACCH
Faster when value is lower
70
30%
SSLEN
LCOMPUL
Length of stationary signal strength filter 3 to 15 SACCH periods Path loss Length ofcompensator initial signal factor, strengthuplink. filterWhen set to 0, 2 to 5 SACCH periods zero, no power control towards SSDES is performed. 0 to 100%
PMARG
Power margin on the new channel at assignment, intra-cell handover and subcell change and on the old channel at assignment failure or handover failure. 0 to 20 dB
QDESUL
Desired quality uplink
0 to 70 dtqu
QLEN
Length of the uplink quality filter
1 to 20 SACCH periods
INILEN
8
3 dB
20
35 dtqu
8
12 SACCH
Lower desired SS to prevent interference in Urban Area
QCOMPUL
Quality deviation compensation factor, uplink
0 to 60 %
30
30% MS power regulation is performed at intervals specified by REGINT. A new power order is issued only if the calculated power level is different from the current MS power level.
REGINT
Regulation interval, stationary, uplink
1 to 30 SACCH periods
3
3 SACCH
DTXFUL
Number of measurements periods before the full set of measurements are used 0 to 40 SACCH periods
5
5 SACCH
INACTIVE
ACTIVE
OFF
OFF
SDCCH power control switch. Identifies if power control on SDCCH is allowed on non BCCH frequencies.
Lower desired SS to prevent interference in Urban Area
The MS can change the power level in steps of 2 dB with a maximum of 8 steps per SACCH period.
BTS power control DBPSTATE
Dynamic BTS power control state
ACTIVE, INACTIVE
SDCCHREG
SDCCH power control switch
ON, OFF
SSDESDL
defines the target value for the desired signal strength downlink as measured by MS in different parts of the power control interval.
47 to 110 dbm
70
90 dBm
REGINTDL
Regulation interval, downlink
1 to 10 SACCH periods
5
1 SACCH
SSLENDL
Length of downlink signal strength filter
3 to 15 SACCH periods
5
4 SACCH
LCOMPDL
Path Loss compensator factor, downlink
0 to 100 %
70
20%
QDESDL
Desired quality, downlink
0 to 70 dtqu
20
0 dtqu
QCOMPDL
Quality deviation compensation factor, downlink
0 to 60 %
30%
60%
QLENDL
Length of downlink quality filter
1 to 20 SACCH periods
8
5 SACCH
BSPWRMIN
Min allowed output power for the BTS at the locating reference point on the non Bcch freqs
20
20 dB
62
61
10 dB
10 dB
-20 to +50 dbm
Faster steps of powering up by 2 dB at 1 SACCH When set to zero there is no power control towards SSDESDL. RxQual = 0 When set to zero, no quality compensation is performed.
Urgency Conditions for Handover [Locating Algorithm] Timing advance limit for handover - Urgency detection parameter
0 to 63 (normal cell) Bits periods (bp)
TALIM determines the maximum timing advance that the MS is recommended to use in the cell
0 to 219 (extended range cell) bp
PSSBQ
Signal strength penalty when handover due to bad quality. This penalty is valid during PTIMBQ
0 to 63 db
PSSTA
Signal strength penalty when handover doe to too 0 to 63 db large timing advance. It is valid during PTIMTA
63
63 dB
PTIMBQ
Penalty time when handover due to bad quality
0 to 600 seconds
10
15 sec
PTIMTA
Penalty time when handover due to too large timing advance
0 to 600 seconds
10
10 sec
QLIMDL
Quality limit downlink for handover. Urgency detection parameter
0 to 100 dtqu
55
55 dtpu
Deci transformed GSM quality units (dtqu).
QLIMUL
Quality limit uplink for handover. Urgency detection parameter
0 to 100 dtqu
55
55 dtpu
Deci transformed GSM quality units (dtqu).
63 dB
63 dB
15
15
TALIM
Handover Failure PSSHF
Signal strength penalty at handover failure
0 to 63 db
PTIMHF
Penalty time at handover failure
0 to 600 seconds
Intra cell handover IHO
Intra handover switch: ON - Intra cell handover is allowed; OFF - Intra cell is not allowed
ON, OFF
TMAXIHO
Timer for handover counter
0 to 60 seconds
OFF
OFF
6
6 seconds
SingTel does not use Intra-Cell Handover. [Globe: ON ] 6
TIHO
Intra cell handover inhibition timer
0 to 60 seconds
10
5 seconds
MAXIHO
Maximum number of consecutive intra-cell handovers
0 to 15
10
3
3
3
QOFFSETUL Offset for quality uplink
-50 to +50 dtqu
0
0
10
QOFFSETDL Offset for quality downlink
-50 to +50 dtqu
0
0
10
SSOFFSETUL Offset for signal strength uplink
-30 to +30 db
0
0
0
SSOFFSETDL Offset for signal strength downlink
-30 to +30 db
0
0
0
Idle Channel Measurements
ACTIVE, PASSIVE, NOALLOC
ACTIVE: The measurements made are used for statistical purposes and at channel allocation. PASSIVE: No idle channel measurements are made. NOALLOC: The measurements are used for statistical purposes only.
ICMSTATE
Idle Channel Measurement State
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
INTAVE
The number of measurements that should be used in the calculation of the interference band for a channel 1 to 31 SACCH periods
6
6 SACCH
LIMITn
defines threshold limits for five different interference bands
LIMIT1 = 0 to 59
2
2
Band 1 : -108 dBm
LIMIT2 = 1 to 60
6
6
Band 2 : - 104 dBm
LIMIT3 = 2 to 61
12
12
Band 3 : - 98 dBm
LIMIT4 = 3 to 62
22
25
Band 4 : - 85 dBm
INACTIVE
ACTIVE
CELL LOAD SHARING CLSSTATE
Cell load sharing active/inactive for an individual cell
ACTIVE, INACTIVE
CLSACC
Percentage of available full rate capable traffic channels in a target cell at or below which no
1 to 100 %
40%
40%
0 to 99 %
20%
20%
ON, OFF
OFF
ON
75%
75%
5 seconds
5
-
-
For CLSSTATE activation to have effect, CLSSTATE must be activated
handovers due to Cell Load sharing will be accepted
CLSLEVEL
Percentage of available full rate capable traffic channels at which or below which Cell load sharing
The value of of CLSLEVEL must be less than the value of CLSACC
evaluations are initiated. HOCLSACC
Handover due to cell load sharing accepted to this cell
RHYST
Hysteresis reduction parameter - determines how much hysteresis can be reduced in the cell load sharing 0 to 100 % evaluation
CLSRAMP
Cell load sharing ramping time parameter.
Ericsson 1 locating algorithm: TRHYST KHYST LHYST TROFFSET KOFFSET Neighbouring LOFFSET
0 to 30 seconds
Ericsson 3 locating algorithm: HIHYST LOHYST HYSTSEP OFFSET
Cell Relation SingTel is using Ericsson 3 Algorithm Ericsson 1 CELLR
Related Cell designation
1 to 7 Characters
The interval during which value of RHYST is ramped up from zero to the final value.
KHYST
Signal strength hystersis when evaluating K-cells
0 to 63db
3 dB
3 dB
LHYST
Path Loss hystersis when evaluating L-cells
0 to 63db
3 dB
3 dB
TRHYST
Signal Strength hysteresis for a K- and L- cell border segment
KOFFSET
Signal strength offset when evaluating K-cells
LOFFSET
Path Lloss offset when evalutaing L-cells
TROFFSET
Signal strength offset for a K- and L-cell border segment
BQOFFSET
Signal strength region for bad quality urgency handovers
CAND
Candidate Type
-63 to 63 db
2 dB
3 dB
0
3 dB
-63 to 63 db
0
0 dB
-63 to 63 db
0
0 dB
0 to 63db
63 dB
3 dB
AWN, NHN, BOTH
BOTH
BOTH
3 dB
3
0 to 63 db
If set to 6 dB, Slower handover to CELLR
If set to 0 dB, faster handover to CELLR
AWN: Neighbour at assignment to worse cell NHN: Neighbour at normal handover and at assignment to better cell BOTH: Both of the above AWOFFSET
Signal strength region where assignment to worse cell is allowed 0 to 63 db
3 dB -> 20 dB when Serving cell is Congested, to offload to other cell [CELLR]
Ericsson 3 HIHYST
Signal strength hysteresis when evaluating high signal strength cells
0 to 63 db
5 dB
5 dB
LOHYST
Signal strength hysteresis when evaluating low signal strength cells
0 to 63 db
3 dB
3 dB
HYSTSEP
Signal strength separator for high and low signal strength cells
0 to 150 dbm
90 dBm
90 dBm
OFFSET
Signal strength offset
-63 to 63 db
0
3 dB
The parameter is represented by OFFSETN, if the value is in the range (−63, -1) dB. Positive values, (0, 63) dB, is represented by OFFSETP.
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