EOI - UNIT 1

Adjetives to describe people The following positive and negative Personality Adjectives are in common use in the English language: POSITIVE PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES A-E

E-J

J-R

adaptable efficient adorable elated agreeable eminent  joyous alert enchanting lucky alluring encouragin kind ambitious g kind-hearted amused energetic knowledgeabl boundless entertainin e brave g level bright enthusiasti likeable calm c lively capable excellent lovely charming excited loving cheerful exclusive mature coherent exuberant modern comfortabl fabulous nice e fair obedient confident faithful painstaking cooperativ fantastic peaceful e fearless perfect courageou fine placid s frank plausible credible friendly pleasant cultured funny plucky dashing generous productive dazzling gentle protective debonair glorious proud decisive good punctual decorous happy quiet delightful harmoniou receptive detailed s reflective determine helpful relieved d hilarious resolute diligent honorable responsible discreet impartial rhetorical dynamic industrious righteous eager instinctive endurable  jolly

NEGATIVE PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES

R-Z

A-D

romantic seemly selective selfassured sensitive shrewd sincere skilful successfu l smiling splendid steadfast stimulatin g succinct talented thoughtful thrifty tough trustworth y unbiased unusual upbeat vigorous vivacious warm willing wise witty wonderful zany zealous

abrasive abrupt abusive afraid aloof ambiguou s angry annoyed anxious arrogant ashamed awful bad belligeren t bewildere d boorish bored boring callous careless clumsy combativ e confused cowardly crazy creepy cruel cynical dangerou s deceitful defeated defective defiant demonic depresse d deranged

D-H

disagreeabl ignorant e ill disillusione irresolute d  jealous disturbed  jittery domineerin lacking g lazy draconian lonely embarrasse malicious d materialisti envious c erratic mean evasive mysterious evil naive faded nasty fanatical naughty fierce nervous filthy noisy finicky obnoxious flashy outrageous flippant panicky foolish pathetic forgetful possessive frantic quarrelsom fretful e frightened repulsive furtive ruthless greedy sad grieving scary grouchy secretive gruesome selfish grumpy silly guarded slow gullible sneaky helpless snobbish hesitant sore homeless spendthrift horrible squeamish hungry

These adjectives are common to talk about people’s appearance: ADJECTIVES FOR PEOPLE'S APPEARANCE adorable clear adventurous cloudy aggressive colorful

glamorous gleaming gorgeous

I-S

plain poised precious

S -W stingy strange sulky tacky tense terrible testy thickskinned thoughtles s threatenin g tight timid tired tiresome troubled truculent typical undesirabl e unsuitable unsure upset uptight vague vengeful venomous volatile voracious vulgar wary wasteful weak weary wicked worried worthless wretched

alert attractive average beautiful blue-eyed bloody blushing bright clean

Feature  Arm

crowded cute dark drab distinct dull elegant excited fancy filthy

graceful grotesque handsome homely light long magnificent misty motionless muddy old-fashioned

quaint shiny smoggy sparkling spotless stormy strange ugly ugliest unsightly unusual wide-eyed

Vocabulary for Description long, short, lank, lanky, bony, rounded, well-shaped

Bearing

posture, bear oneself well, hold one's body upright, stooping

Build

large, small, powerful, slight, heavy, slim, solid, delicate, strong, spare, stocky, neat, sturdy, graceful

Cheekbones

long, high, prominent, perfect, sculptured, broken, cracked, fractured

Cheeks

wide, chubby, plump, hollow, sunken, with dimples, with creases, blushing, pink, rosy, scarlet, ashen, pale, pallid, pasty, cool, smooth, soft, flushed, hot, ruddy, tear-stained, wet, hamster, hamster-like, rouged, stubby, unshaven

Chin

clean-shaven, double, protruding, massive, pointed, round, decided

Constitution

strong, feeble, vigorous, frail, rugged, delicate, iron, weak (poor)

Ears

curving, earlobe, lop-eared, pointed, pointy, floppy

Eye-lashes

winged, straight, thin, artificial, false, thick, short, long, curling

Eyebrows

amber, arched, bushy, dark, jet-black, heavy, thick, enquiring, querying, questioning, quizzical, cynical, sardonic, sceptical, surprised, amused, derisive, mocking, lifted, raised, pencilled, raise (knit) one's brows, shaggy, unkempt, plucked, shaped, straight, thin, well-marked

Eyelids

big, large, heavy, hooded, drooping, swollen with tears, lower, upper, closed, half-closed, lowered

Eyes

firm, blue, brown, bulging, close-set, cross-eyed, dark, deep, deep-set, full and blood shot, gray, hazel, hazel-eyed, pale, sunken, wide-set, left / right, green, greedy, hungry, downcast, sad, solemn, soulful, cold, expressionless, glassy, glazed, lifeless, steely, vacant, penetrating, piercing, intelligent, keen, sharp, shrewd, curious, prying, anxious,, angry, cruel, fierce, mad, staring, wild, dazed, unfocused, unblinking, half-closed, narrowed, short-sighted, sightless, unseeing, dry, cloudy, misty, moist, rheumy, tear-filled, tearful, watery, soft, velvety, warm, clear, limpid, liquid, bright, brilliant, luminous, lustrous, sparkling, starry, sleepy, tired,

Feature

Vocabulary for Description weary, dark-ringed, exhausted, red-rimmed, bleary, bloodshot,, baggy, puffy, swollen, beady, piggy, protuberant, sunken, hooded, hollow, heavylidded, wide-apart, wide-set, close-set, narrow, wide, enormous, large, huge, big, golden

Face (complexion)

dark, fair, florid, olive, pasty, sallow, pale, sunburnt, swarthy

Face (in general)

clear-cut, clean-cut, craggy, delicate, fine, prominent, striklng, indistinct, vague, coarse, ugly, plain, ordinary, soft, small, regular, sharp, large, irregular, f ull face, profile,

Face (shape)

angular, oval, square, long, round, thin, wrinkled, freckled, with a beauty spot or a mole, with a dimple in the chin, with a pointed beard and moustache

Figure

well-made, shapeless, graceful, ill-made, lithe, clumsy, superb, ordinary, perfect, flawed, lean, tat, slight, stout, neat, well-fed, bony, paunchy, slm, plump, slender, stocky

Fingers

thumb, forefinger, bony, lean, skeletal, skinny,, delicate, elegant, slender, slim, chubby, fat, plump, podgy, blunt, spatulate, square-tipped, gnarled, arthritic, gentle, capable, deft, nimble, skilful, skilled, nerveless, nervous, clumsy, dirty, filthy, grubby, sticky, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger, finger nail

Forehead

broad, narrow, domed, retreating, furrowed, wrinkled, smooth, sloping, high, domed, low, large, wide, small

Gait

Steady, unsteady, heavy, light, swaggering, rolling, strolling, shuffling, stumbling, waddling, walk with a stoop, a limp, halting, walk with a halt (with a limp), awkward, swaying

General appearance

apearance, looks, look, look like, resemble, take after somebody, family likeness, (not) look oneself, look wretched, look one's best, look one's age, attractive, unattractive, impressive, unimpressive, good-looking, ill favoured, pleasant-looking, unpleasant looking, pretty, repulsive, charming, ugly, lovely, common, beautiful, plain, nice, usual, handsome, unsightly, eyesore

Hair

flaxen, auburn, golden, red, reddish, fair, blond(-e), ash-blond, chestnut, silvery, grey(-ing), black, jet-black, brown, brunette, dark, mop of hair, abundant, thin, luxuriant, short, spiky, thick, straight, long, bald-headed, wavy, dishevelled, crisp, cumpled, curly, mangled, silky

Hair (men's hairstyle & haircut)

closely·cropped head of hair, crew cut, head of curly hair, partly bald head, bald patch, bald head

Hair (women's hairstyle)

ponytail, swept-back hair, swept-up hair, pinned·up hair, bun, chignon, plaits, bunches, chaplet hairstyle, gretchen style, chaplet, coiled plaits, curled hair, falling downwards curls, shingle, shingled hair, bobbed hair, pageboy style, earphones, earphone, hair rollers, hair pin, hair spray (fixing spray)

Feature

Vocabulary for Description

Hairdo

hair-cut, hairdo, hairstyle, hairset, halrwaving, hair-dressing, grow one's hair, wash one's hair, brush one's hair, comb one's hair, wear one's hair short, shoulder-long, shoulder-length, braided, wear one's hair parted In the middle, on one side, wear one's hair In a knot, fringe (AmE: bang), knot of hair, strand of hair, wisp of hair, tuft of hair, lock, hair care, trimmed, bow, ribbon, afro look, parting, centre parting, side parting, hair drier, cap, gown

Hands

beautiful, delicate, pretty, soft, firm, soft, limp, knotted, claw-like, hairy, clammy, nervous, shaking, trembling, unsteady, steady, careless, clumsy, capable, expert, practised, skilful, skilled, open, outspread, clean, glowed, ringed, ringless,, dirty, filthy, greasy, grubby, sticky, sweaty, unwashed, frail, arthritic, gnarled, delicate, well-manicured,, coarse, rough, workroughened, work-reddened, work-worn, plump, fat, thick, Short

Head & Neck

big, small, round, square, hold one's head high, slender, thin, thick

Jaws

artificial, false, pointed, square, bottom, lower, broken, dislocated, fractured, top, upper, jutting, lantern, thrusting, slack, clenched, set, firm, strong

Legs

Leg, long, short, stumpy, slender, crooked, beautiful, good, shapely (fine), muscled, muscular, powerful, strong, bow-shaped, skinny, findly, thin, bandy, hairy, lank, stout, large, small, narrow, limb

Lips

weak-willed, full, sensual, sensuous, well-shaped, parted, well-cut, thin, top, upper, bottom, lower, fleshy, thick, moist, chapped, cracked, dry, painted, compressed, firm

Marks

mole, scar, dimple

Moustache, beard and whiskers

side·whiskers, sideboards, sideburns, clean shaven, smooth cheeks, stubby, unshaven, stubble beard, full beard, moustache, military moustache, English-style moustache, shadow, thick, thin, bushy, clipped, curly, drooping, droopy, neat, military, pencil, handlebar, toothbrush, tufty, walrus, waxed, nicotine-stained, false

Mouth

firm, hard, strong, big, cavernous, enormous, generous, huge, large, wide, full, sensual, sensuous, well-shaped, lopsided, wet, dry, tight, gaping, halfopen, cruel, hungry, swollen, toothless, full-lipped, lipless, thin, loose, slack, soft, hot, warm, stern, small, beautiful, chiselled, handsome, lovely, pretty,, strong-willed

Nose

aquiline, big, bulbous, enormous, huge, large, nostrils, aristocratic, elegant, pink, red, shiny, bridge of the nose, flat, flattened, tip of the nose, curved, Roman, flat, beaky, hooked, crooked, snub, tip -tilted, narrow, thin, straight, pointed, sharp, little, small, stubby, tiny, fleshy, long, prominent, strong, turned up, upturned

Shoulders

big, broad, great, huge, manly, massive, muscled, muscular, powerful, strong, wide, tense, tight, tired, bare, square, round, bony, bowed, delicate, shapely, slim, sloping, high, narrow, thin, hollow chest, throw

Feature

Vocabulary for Description one's chest with pride, waist, be slim at the waist

Stature, height & shape,

imposing, diminutive, short, middle-sized, be 6 feet high, be of medium / average height, tall

Step

firm, careful, gingerly, heavy, delicate, light, brisk, quick, rapid, smart, slow, measured footstep, stride with a firm step

Teeth

twisted, close-set, big, enormous, huge, sparse, even, straight, gappy, crooked, jagged, misshapen, broken, missing, needle-sharp, razor-sharp, sharp, baby, milk, wisdom, canine, savage, back, front, bottom, top, capped, false, gold, loose, wobbly, yellow, decayed, rotten, perfect, splendid, strong, white, pearl-like, pearl-white, good, healthy, uneven, prominent, sticking out, large, small, perfect, imperfect

Remember that, when describing someone's physical appearance or character, we must bear in mind a few words concerning physical description and personality. We have to differentiate between "to look", "to look like" and "to be like" . When do we use each of them? 1.

2.

3.

Look + adjective: We use the verb "to look" followed by an adjective when asking about physical appearance. For example: She looks younger than me. This cake looks delicious, but it's horrible. Look like + noun: We use the verb "to look like" followed by a noun when ask ing about physical appearance, too. For example: What's that building? It looks like a factory. What do you look like? (Cómo eres?) I am tall and thin. / I am short and fat. We use the verb "to be like" when asking about personality. For example: What are you like? I am a shy person / I'm an extrovert person.

Adverbs of frecuency

Family members parents / male / daughter / uncles / aunts / siblings / niece / nephew / cousins / in-laws / brother-in-law / father-in-law / mother-in-law / grandparents / great-uncle / grandchildren / daughter-in-law / great-aunt / sister-in-law / great-grandmother / son-in-law / step-mother / biological / half-sisters / step-sisters / relatives / grandson

Times of the day MIDNIGHT This is the middle of the night (00:00 hours). MIDDAY This is the middle of the day, also called "NOON" (12:00 hours). MORNING This is the time from midnight to midday. AFTERNOON This is the time from midday (noon) to evening. From 12:00 hours to approximately 18:00 hours. EVENING This is the time from the end of the afternoon to midnight. From approximately 18:00 hours to 00:00 hours. DAWN This is the time when the sun rises or comes up (sunrise). DUSK This is the time when the sun sets or goes down (sunset).

Present simple and continuous review

Pronunciation & spelling of third person singular  Although the morphological suffix for third person singular verbs in the simple present tense is s or -es, the suffix is pronounced differently depending on the sound of the last syllable of the verb. If the last syllable of the verb sounds like:

s, se, ce [s]*z, ze [z]sh [š]ch [č]j, dge [ĵ], Then the suffix is pronounced as a voiced es [әz]or [iz]. For example: 

faces [feisәz] or [feisiz]

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misses [mIsәz] or [mIsiz]

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dozes [douzәz] or [douziz]

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hushes [hәšәz] or [hәšiz]

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catches [kætčәz] or [kætčiz]

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nudges [nәĵәz] or [nәĵәz]

If the last syllable of the verb is a voiceless sound, then the suffix is pronounced as an unvoiced s [s]. Voiceless sounds are produced by not vibrating the larynx, or voice box, in the throat. The voiceless, or unvoiced, sounds in English are: p, pe [p]t, tt, te [t]k, ck, ke [k]f, gh [f]th [θ]h [h]y [j] For example: 

breaks [breiks]

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counts [kaunts]

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drinks [driŋks]

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hopes [houps]

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likes [laiks]

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sits [sIts]

If the last syllable of the verb is a voiced sound, then the suffix is pronounced as a voiced z [z]. Voiced sounds are produced by vibrating the larynx, or voice box, in the throat. The voiced sounds in English are: m, me [m]n, ne [n]ng [ŋ]b, be [b]d, de [d]g, ge [g]v, ve [v]th [ð]w [w]r, re [r]l, ll, le [l]  All vowels in English are also voiced sounds. For example: 

calls [ko:lz]

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destroys [distroiz]

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gives [gIvz]

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moans [mounz]

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sobs [sobz]

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tries [traiz]

When a word ends in [s], [sh], [ch], [z], [j] the -es is pronounced as a separate syllable: [ɪz]. Therefore, if a verb ends in one of these sounds, the present tense will have one more syllable than the simple form. Examples: fix (1 syllable)-->fixes (2 syllables) kiss (1 syllable)-->kisses (2 syllables) wash (1 syllable)-->washes (2 syllables)

watch (1 syllable)-->watches (2 syllables) damage (2 syllables)-->damages (3 syllables) memorize (3 syllables)-->memorizes (4 syllables) exercise (3 syllables)-->exercises (4 syllables)

The spelling rules for third person singular when talking about present simple are: 

The ending is -es  when the word ends in -s/-ss/-sh/-ch/-x/-o. Eg: misses, goes, teaches, washes, fixes.

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Verbs ending in -y  change to ie before the ending -s. Eg: studies.

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Verbs ending in -ay -ey- oy- uy do not change. Just add -s. Eg: plays, enjoys, buys.

4.2. Stative and dynamic verbs How to use stative and dynamic verbs Some English verbs, which we call state, non-continuous or stative verbs, aren't used in continuous tenses (like the present continuous, or the future continuous). These verbs often describe states that last for some time. Here is a list of some common ones: STATIVE (OR STATE) VERB LIST like

know

belong

love

realise

fit

hate

suppose

contain

want

mean

consist

need

understand

seem

prefer

believe

depend

agree

remember

matter

mind

recognise

see

own

appear

look (=seem)

sound

taste

smell

hear

astonish

deny

disagree

please

impress

satisfy

promise

surprise

doubt

think (=have an opinion)

feel (=have an opinion)

wish

imagine

concern

dislike

be

have

deserve

involve

include

lack

measure (=have length, etc)

possess

owe weigh (=have weight)  A verb which isn't stative is called a dynamic verb, and is usually an action. Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic: Be 

be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous, it means 'behaving' or

'acting' 

you are stupid = it's part of your personality, youare being stupid = only now, not usually

Think 

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think (stative) = have an opinion I think that coffee is great think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head What are you thinking about? I'm thinking about my next holiday

Have 

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have (stative) = own I have a car have (dynamic) = part of an expression I'm having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break

See 

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see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand I see what you mean I see her now, she's just coming along the road see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with I've been seeing my boyfriend for three years I'm seeing Robert tomorrow

Taste 

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taste (stative) = has a certain taste This soup tastes great The coffee tastes really bitter taste (dynamic) = the action of tasting The chef is tasting the soup ('taste' is the same as other similar verbs such as 'smell')