Envi Case Digests

SIAIN ENTERPRISES vs F.F. CRUZ & CO. Case Digest G.R. No. 146616

SIAIN ENTERPRISES, INC. v. F.F. CRUZ & CO., INC. 500 SCRA 406 (2006), THIRD DIVISION ( Carp!"#!ra Carp!"#!ra$%, $%, '.) That the foreshore area had been reclaimed does not remove it from its classification classification of foresho foreshore re area subject to the preferential preferential right to lease of the littoral owner.

FACTS Wester !isa"as I#$stria% Cororatio 'WES!ICO( )i%e# a )ores*ore %ease a%i+atio over t*e )ores*ore %a# a#,a+et to +ertai %ots registere# i its a-e. It evet$a%%" it*#re it*#re t*e a%i+a a%i+atio tio a# )i%e# a etiti etitio o )or registr registratio atio over t*e sa-e )ores*o )ores*ore re %a# it* t*e t*e Co$rt o) First Ista+e o) I%oi%o. T*e +ase as/ *oever/ ar+*ive# as WES!ICO0s reresetative +o$%# o %oger e +ota+te#/ a# %ater o/ WES!ICO *as +ease# oeratios. F.F. Cr$2 & Co. 'F.F. Cr$2( )i%e# it* t*e 3$rea$ o) a#s/ I%oi%o Cit" a )ores*ore %ease a%i+atio over a )ores*ore %a#/ a ortio o) *i+* is a#,a+et to t*e %ot revio$s%" o++$ie# " WES!ICO. Sia Eterrises I+. 'SIAIN( $r+*ase# t*e roerties revio$s%" oe# " WES!ICO )ro- t*e Deve%o-et 3a5 o) t*e P*i%iies. It s$se$et%" )i%e# a )ores*ore %ease a%i+atio over t*e )ores*ore %a# a#,a+et to t*e roerties it o$g*t )ro- D3P. Uo %earig t*at 178 %iear -eters o) t*e )ores*ore %a# s$,e+t o) F.F. Cr$29s )ores*ore %ease a%i+atio over%ae# t*at +overe# " its )ores*ore %ease a%i+atio/ SIAIN )i%e# a rotest : a%%egig t*at it eig t*e oer o) t*e roert" a#,oiig t*e over%aig area/ it s*o$%# e give re)ere+e i its %ease. F.F. Cr$2/ arg$e# t*at SIAIN -$st ot e give re)eretia% rig*t si+e t*e area i #is$te is +%assi)ie# as ;re+%ai-e#‖a# t*at t*e oers*i as ot " -eas o) a++retio. T*is arg$-et *as ee s$staie# " t*e a# as/ i )a+t -ore t*a roves its iterest to $ti%i2e it. As +orre+t%" arg$e# " SIAIN/ ere WES!ICO0s etitio )or registratio *i+*/ as state# ear%ier/ as ar+*ive# " t*e tria% +o$rt/ $rs$e# $t evet$a%%" #eie#/ WES!ICO o$%# ot *ave ee arre# )ro- )i%ig ae a )ores*ore %ease a%i+atio. Paret*eti+a%%"/ t*e etitio )or registratio o) WES!ICO as ar+*ive# ot o a++o$t o) %a+5 o) iterest $t e+a$se it +ease# oeratios #$e to )ia+ia% reasos.

ag$a a5e Deve%o-et A$t*orit" v CA GR No. 1181?8 e+$tive Or#er N o. @? series o) 1@:7 *i+* rovi#es/ t*$s Se+. 4. A##itioa% Poers a# F$+tios. T*e a$t*orit" s*a%% *ave t*e )o%%oig oers a# )$+tios '#( ress%" grate# to it " %a / it is %i5eise a sett%e# r$%e t*at a a#-iistrative age+" *as a%so s$+* oers as are e+essari%" i-%ie# i t*e e>er+ise o) its e> ress oers. I t*e e>er+ise/ t*ere)ore/ o) its e>ress o ers $#er its +*arter as a reg$%ator" a# $asi,$ #i+ia% o#" it* rese+t to o% %$tio +ases i t*e ag$a a5e regio/ t*e   a$t*orit" o) t*e DA to iss$e a +ease a# #esist or#er is/ er)or+e/ i-%ie#. NOTE =OWE!ER/ rits o) -a#a-$s a# i,$+tio are e"o# t*e oer o) t*e DA to iss$e.

+%$sive%"( it*i t*e +o-ete+e o) t*e ot*er #eart-ets. T*e t*eor" is t*at t*e a#-iistrative a$t*orities are i a etter ositio to reso%ve $estios a##resse# to t*eir arti+$%ar e>ertise a# t*at errors +o--itte# " s$or#iates i t*eir reso%$tio -a" e re+ti)ie# " t*eir s$eriors i) give a +*a+e to #o so It -a" e a##e# t*at stri+t e)or+e-et o) t*e r$%e +o$%# a%so re%ieve t*e +o$rts o) a +osi#era%e $-er o) avoi#a%e +ases *i+* ot*erise  o$%# $r#e t*eir *eavi%" %oa#e # #o+5ets. A%t*o$g* t*e #o+trie o) e>*a$stio #oes ot re+%$#e i a%% +ases a art" )ro- see5ig ,$#i+ia% re%ie)/ +ases *ere its oserva+e *as ee #isregar#e# re$ire a strog s*oig o) t*e ia#e$a+" o) t*e res+rie# ro+e#$re a# o) i-e#ig *ar-. Reso#ets ,$sti)" t*eir )ai%$re to oserve t*e a#-iistrative ro+ess o t*e )o%%oig e>+etios to t*e #o+trie o) e>*a$stio o) a#-iistrative re-e#ies '1( atet i%%ega%it"M a# '?( a #eia% o) #$e ro+ess. =oever/ reso#ets )ai% to s*o t*at t*e istat +ase -erits t*e a%i+atio o) t*ese e>+etios. J$risr$#e+e a))ir-ig t*e )ai%$re to oserve t*e #o+trie o) e>*a$stio #$e to a #eia% o) #$e ro+ess ivo%ves ista+es *e t*e art" see5ig o$trig*t ,$#i+ia% itervetio as #eie# t*e oort$it" to e *ear#. =ere/ reso#ets a#-it t*at iste+e o) a *earig )or t*is $rose re#ers t*e a%%egatio o) a #eia% o) #$e ro+ess it*o$t -erit. T*e )ai%$re o) t*e reso#ets to s*o t*at t*e istat +ase )a%%s it*i t*e e>+etios to t*e #o+trie o) e>*a$stio e+essitates i t*e #$e oserva+e o) e>*a$stig t*e roer a#-iistrative re-e#ies e)ore see5ig ,$#i+ia% itervetio.

*.R. N!. +0+0- '$/ -0, +'UAN ANTONIO, ANNA ROSARIO a1 'OSE AFONSO, a$$ r1a3% OPOSA, 31!r, a1 r%pr%%1% / %r par%1 etitioers/ vs. THE HONORA7E FU*ENCIO S. FACTORAN, 'R., 1  8apa8/ a % S%8r%ar/ !9 % D%par3%1 !9 E1vr!13%1 a1 Nara$ R%!r8%, a1 THE HONORA7E ERI7ERTO U. ROSARIO, Pr%1: ':% !9 % RTC, #a;a, 7ra18 66, reso#ets. I% W*et*er +*i%#re *ave t*e %ega% sta#ig to )i%e t*e +ase

Fa8 T*is +ase is $i$e i t*at it is a +%ass s$it ro$g*t " 44 +*i%#re/ t*ro$g* t*eir arets/ +%ai-ig t*at t*e" rig t*e +ase i t*e a-e o) t*eir geeratio as e%% as t*ose geeratios "et $or. Ai-ig to sto #e)orestatio/ it as )i%e# agaist t*e Se+retar" o) t*e Deart-et o) Eviro-et a# Nat$ra% Reso$r+es/ see5ig to *ave *i- +a+e% a%% t*e ti-er %i+ese agree-ets 'TAs( i t*e +o$tr" a# to +ease a# #esist )ro- a++etig a# arovig -ore ti-er %i+ese agree-ets. T*e +*i%#re ivo5e# t*eir rig*t to a a%a+e# a# *ea%t*)$% e+o%og" a# to rote+tio " t*e State i its +aa+it" as ares atriae. T*e etitioers +%ai-e# t*at t*e DENR Se+retar"9s re)$sa% to +a+e% t*e TAs a# to sto iss$ig t*e- as +otrar" to t*e *ig*est %a o) *$-a5i# t*e at$ra% %aQa# vio%ative o) %aiti))s9 rig*t to se%)reservatio a# eret$atio. T*e +ase as #is-isse# i t*e %oer +o$rt/ ivo5ig t*e %a o oi-air-et o) +otra+ts/ so it as ro$g*t to t*e S$re-e Co$rt o +ertiorari.

R$1: es. T*e S$re-e Co$rt i gratig t*e etitio r$%e# t*at t*e +*i%#re *a# t*e %ega% sta#ig to )i%e t*e +ase ase# o t*e +o+et o) itergeeratioa% resosii%it". T*eir rig*t to a *ea%t*" eviro-et +arrie# it* it a o%igatio to reserve t*at eviro-et )or t*e s$++ee#ig geeratios. I t*is/ t*e Co$rt re+ogi2e# %ega% sta#ig to s$e o e*a%) o) )$t$re geeratios. A%so/ t*e Co$rt sai#/ t*e %a o oi-air-et o) +otra+ts -$st give a" to t*e e>er+ise o) t*e o%i+e oer o) t*e state i t*e iterest o) $%i+ e%)are.

A 3UGA3KAAN TRI3A ASSOCIATION/ I+. vs RA%a atio *" t*e tr$+ 5 s*o$%# ot e )or)eite#. Private res o#ets/ *oever/ )ai%e# to s$-it t*e re$ire# e>%aatio. ater/ t*e Regioa% E>e+$tive Dire+tor o) DENR s$staie# etitioer a"$gaKs a+tio o) +o)is+atio a# or#ere# t*e )or)eit$re o) t*e tr$+5 ivo5ig Se+tio 6:A o) Presi#etia% De+ree No. 8B as a-e#e# " E>e+$tive Or#er No. ?. Reso#ets t*e aea%e#. Pe#ig reso%$tio *oever o) t*e aea%/ a s$it )or re%evi as )i%e# " t*e rivate reso#ets agaist etitioer a"$ga a# E>e+$tive Dire+tor/ *i+* t*erea)ter iss$e# a rit or#erig t*e ret$r o) t*e tr$+5 to rivate reso#ets. Petitioer a"$ga a# E>e+$tive Dire+tor 3agga"a )i%e# a -otio to #is-iss it* t*e tria% +o$rt +ote#ig/ inter alia/ t*at rivate reso#ets *a# o +a$se o) a+tio )or t*eir )ai%$re to e>*a$st a#-iistrative re-e#ies. T*e tria% +o$rt #eie# t*e -otio to #is-iss/ *i+* t*e CA a))ir-e# $o etitioerKs aea%.

ISSUES 1.

WLN a a+tio )or re%evi roser to re+over a -ova%e roert" *i+* is t*e s$,e+t -atter o) a a#-iistrative )or)eit$re ro+ee#ig i t*e DENR $rs$at to Se+tio 6:A o) P. D. 8B.  NO.

?.

WLN t*e Se+retar" o) DENR a# *is reresetatives e-oere# to +o)is+ate a# )or)eit +ove"a+es $se# i trasortig i%%ega% )orest ro#$+ts i )avor o) t*e gover-et.  ES.

RATIO First%"/ t*e Co$rt *e%# t*at e)ore a art" is a%%oe# to see5 t*e itervetio o) t*e +o$rt/ it is a re+o#itio t*at *e s*o$%# *ave avai%e# o) a%% t*e -eas o) a#-iistrative ro+esses a))or#e# *i-. T*e re-at$re ivo+atio o) +o$rtKs itervetio is )ata% to oeKs +a$se o) a+tio. I t*e +ase at ar/ t*ere is o $estio t*at t*e +otrovers" as e#ig e)ore t*e Se+retar" o) DENR *e it as )orar#e# to *i- )o%%oig t*e #eia% " t*e etitioers o) t*e -otio )or re+osi#eratio o) rivate reso#ets t*ro$g* t*e or#er o) J$%" 1?/ 1@:@. I t*eir %etter o) re+osi#eratio #ate# J$e ?:/ 1@:@/ rivate reso#ets +%ear%" re+ogi2e t*e rese+e o) a a#-iistrative )or$- to *i+* t*e" see5 to avai%/ as t*e" #i# avai%/ i t*e reso%$tio o) t*eir +ase. Se+o#%"/ as to t*e oer o) t*e DENR to +o)is+ate/ SECTION 6:A. Administrative Authority of the Department or His Duly Authorized Representative To Order  Confiscation. I a%% +ases o) vio%atio o) t*is Co#e or ot*er )orest %as/ r$%es a# reg$%atios/ t*e Deart-et =ea# or *is #$%" a$t*ori2e# reresetative/ -a" or#er t*e +o)is+atio o) a" )orest ro#$+ts i%%ega%%" +$t/ gat*ere#/ re-ove#/ or ossesse# or aa#oe#/ a# a%% +ove"a+es $se# eit*er " %a#/ ater or air i t*e +o--issio o) t*e o))ese a# to #isose o) t*e sa-e i a++or#a+e it* ertiet %as/ reg$%atios a# o%i+ies o t*e -atter.

It is/ t*$s/ +%ear )ro- t*e )oregoig rovisio t*at t*e Se+retar" a# *is #$%" a$t*ori2e# reresetatives are give t*e a$t*orit" to +o)is+ate a# )or)eit a" +ove"a+es $ti%i2e# i vio%atig t*e Co#e or ot*er )orest %as/ r$%es a# reg$%atios. ast%"/ as to t*e +otetio t*at si+e t*e" are ot %ia%e )or $a%i)ie# t*e)t/ t*e t*e" s*o$%# ot *ave e+essari%" *ave +o--itte# a +ri-e $#er Se+. 6:. T*is is $-eritorio$s. Wit* t*e itro#$+tio o) E>e+$tive Or#er No. ? a-e#ig Se+tio 6: o) P.D. 8B/ t*e a+t o) +$ttig/ gat*erig/ +o%%e+tig/ re-ovig/ or ossessig )orest ro#$+ts it*o$t a$t*orit" +ostit$tes a #isti+t o))ese i#ee#et o )ro- t*e +ri-e o) t*e)t $#er Arti+%es 78@ a# 718 o) t*e Revise# Pea% Co#e/ $t t*e ea%t" to e i-ose# is t*at rovi#e# )or $#er Arti+%e 78@ a# 718 o) t*e Revise# Pea% Co#e. T*is is +%ear )ro- t*e %ag$age o) E>e+$tive Or#er No. ? *e it e%i-iate# t*e *rase  s*a%% e g$i%t" o) $a%i)ie# t*e)t as #e)ie# a# $is*e# $#er Arti+%es 78@ a# 718 o) t*e Revise# Pea% Co#e  a# iserte# t*e  or#s  s*a%% e $is*e# it* t *e ea%ties i-ose# $#er Arti+%e 78@ a# 718 o) t*e Revise# Pea% Co#e  .

G.R. No. 79538. October 18, 1990 FELIPE YSAEL, !R. " CO., INC., petitioner , vs.  T#E $EP%TY E&EC%TIVE SECRETARY, T#E SECRETARY OF ENVIRONENT AN$ NAT%RAL RESO%RCES, T#E $IRECTOR OF T#E '%REA% OF FOREST $EVELOPENT ()* T+IN PEAS $EVELOPENT AN$ REALTY CORPORATION, respondents . FACTS O O+toer 1?/ 1@6B/ etitioer etere# ito a ti-er %i+ese agree-et it* t*e Deart-et o) Agri+$%t$re a# Nat$ra% Reso$r+es/ reresete# " t*e Se+retar" Jose Fe%i+iao/ *erei it as iss$e# a e>+%$sive %i+ese to +$t/ +o%%e+t a# re-ove ti-er e>+et ro*iite# se+ies it*i a se+i)ie# ortio o) $%i+ )orest %a#  it* a area o) B4/@?8 *e+tare s %o+ate# i t*e -$i+ia%it" o) ire o J$%" 71/ ?88@/ *i%e t*e ot*er *a%) as a%%oe# to e %ogge# " Fi%iias oggers/ I+. it*o$t t*e ee)it o) a )or-a% aar# or %i+ese. T*e %atter etities ere +otro%%e# or oe# " re%atives or +roies o) #eose# Presi#et Fer#ia#