Envejecimiento Saludable

 

 

A@STATRTE TBCEKB@SB DB BSTRDAES SR^BVAEVBS LAC. FB@ATE HRÍVBX

B^ADBKAELEGAM Q SMLRD ^RFLACM Ktre. HEVGB MDVAÍ@ LÓ^BX SMLMXMV

B@YBHBCAKAB@TE SMLRDMFLB

DM@M SM@DAYBV GRMVDMDE @MVM@HE LACB@CAMTRVM B@ B@IBVKBVËM SBGR@DM ^MVCAML

TBCEKÍ@, CELAKM? => DB DACABKFVB DBL 6>6=

 

Ë@DACB8 A@TVEDRCCAÓ@8......................................................................................................= EFHBTAYE GB@BVML8..............................................................................................6 EFHBTAYE BS^BCËIACE8...... BS^BCËIACE8.............. ................. .................. .................. .................. ................. .......................................6 ...............................6 HRSTAIACMCAÓ@8.......................................................................................................3 DBIA@ACAÓ@...........................................................................................................4 TBEVËMS SEFVB BL B@YBHBCAKAB@TE...... B@YBHBCAKAB@TE............... .................. .................. .................. ...........................2 ..................2  MS^BCTES SECAMLBS DBL B@YBHBCAKAB@TE.......... B@YBHBCAKAB@TE................... .................. ...........................=> ..................=> Bl Tárka`e B`vbhbcbr Smtasimcteramkb`tb8........ Smtasimcteramkb`tb8................. .................. .................. .................. .....................=6 ............=6 Bl B`vbhbcakab`te Mctave8................ Mctave8......................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ................. .....................=3 .............=3  MLAKB@TMCAÓ@ SMLRDMFLB............. SMLRDMFLB...................... .................. .................. .................. ....................................=3 ...........................=3  MCTAYADMD IËSACM............. IËSACM...................... ................. ................. .................. .................. .................. ................. ................. ....................=4 ...........=4 CRADMDES CEV^EVMLBS....... CEV^EVMLBS................ .................. .................. ................. ............................................. ......................................=4 .=4 VBLMCAE@BS SBZRMLBS....... SBZRMLBS................ .................. ................. ................. .................. ........................................=2 ...............................=2 KB@TB MCTAYM....... MCTAYM............... ................. .................. .................. .................. ................. ................. .................. ...............................=9 ......................=9 ^VBYB@CAÓ@ DB CMËDMS Q MCCADB@TBS....... MCCADB@TBS................ ...................... .....................................=9 ........................=9 TMFM]RASKE Q MLCEJELASKE.......................................................................=9 CRADMDE DB LMS BKECAE@BS Q LMS VBLMCAE@BS....................................=7 CRADMDES KÁDACES Q MSASTB@CAM IMVKMCÁRTACM................ IMVKMCÁRTACM.................................=7 .................=7 SAGRB M^VB@DAB@DE...... M^VB@DAB@DE............... .................. .................. ................. ................. .................. .................. ............................=: ...................=: CRADMV LM CMSM Q MDM^TMVLM......................................................................=: VBLMCAE@MVSB............... VBLMCAE@MVSB...... .................. .................. ................. ................. .................. ............................... ......................................=: ................=:  MCB^TMV Q DASIVRTMV DBL ^RBSTE ]RB ]RB SB ECR^M B@ LM IMKALAM. IMKALAM... ...=: .=:  MCB^TMV BL B@YBHBCAKAB@TE Q DASIVRTMVLE.......... DASIVRTMVLE........................................=: ..............................=: ^ELËTACMS Q VBCRVSES SECAMLBS Q SM@ATMVAES............ SM@ATMVAES....................................=1 ........................=1

 

CE@CLRSAÓ@8........................................................................................................6= VBIBVB@CAMS............... VBIBVB@CAMS...... .................. ................. ................. .................. .................. .................. .................................... ...................................66 ........66

 

A@TVEDRCCAÓ@8 Bl b`vbhbcakab`te bs u` precbse `mturml b` lm vadm, bs lm ce`sbcub`cam db ar  cukplab`de mýes, dbl pmse dbl tabkpe per lms pbrse`ms. ^er tm`te, lm vbhbz bs u`m btmpm kís db lm vadm qub sa lm mcbptmke mcbptmkess ce` `mturml `mturmladmd admd dasirut dasirutmrbkes mrbkes db tedms lms epertu`admdbs qub `es prbsb`tm, qub se` kucjms. Bs u`m btmpm qub sb sublb mire`tmr ce` kís tabkpe lafrb, pubs prefmflbkb`tb jbkes ia`mlazmde tmrbms qub `es jm` ecupmde durm`tb mýes, ceke lm cram`zm db les jahes b jahms, lm mctavadmd lmferml iubrm db cmsm, btc. ^er bste, bs u`m btmpm qub sb `es prbsb`tm llb`m db epertu`admdbs db pedbr jmcbr bse qub sabkprb jbkes qubrade qubrad e y db sbguar pmrta pmrtacapm`d capm`de e db u`m ierkm mctavm b` lm vadm secaml y imkal imkalamr amr m trmvás db mctavadmdbs db velu`tmramde, rbcrbmtavms, db mprb`dazmhb pbrkm`b`tb, bxprbsaó` culturml, btc. B` dbia`atavm, db tb`br u` b`vbhbcakab`te mctave. Bl preg pregrb rbsa save ve b` b`vb vbhb hbca caka kab` b`te te db lm pe pefl flmc mcaó aó` ` bs u` u`m m db lms lms pr pra` a`ca capm pmlb lbss cmrmctbrëstacms db `ubstrm secabdmd mctuml. Bstb b`vbhbcakab`te eflagm m b`tb`dbr  y mtb`dbr lms `ubvms `bcbsadmdbs secamlbs, bce`ókacms, pelëtacms, btc., qub sb bstí` gb`brm`de, msë ceke m pe`br lm karmdm b` les mspbctes prbvb`taves. B` bstb kmrce, lm ^sacegbre`telegëm sb ce`iagurm jey dëm ceke u` cmkpe mplacmde db grm` rblbvm`cam pmrm pedbr ce`trafuar, dbsdb bl ce`ecakab`te psacelógace, ml fab`bstmr y m lm cmladmd db vadm db les caudmdm`es. Tb`br u` b`vbh b`vbhbcakab bcakab`te `te mctave y smludmf smludmflb, lb, sag`aiacm pmrtaca pmrtacapmr pmr b` lm secabdmd db mcubrde ce` `ubstrms `bcbsadmdbs, dbsbes y cmpmcadmdbs, sag`aiacm mprevbcjmr ml kíxa kí xak ke lms ep eper ertu tu`a `adm dmdb dbss db tb`br b`br fub` fub`m m sm smlu lud d iësac ësacm, m, sb sb`t `taar` r`es es fab` fab` bkecae`mlkb`tb y daspe`br db u` b`ter`e secaml imvermflb. Bl efhbtave bs bxtb`dbr  lm cmladmd y bspbrm`zm db vadm m bdmdbs mvm`zmdms. Ce` bstb preybcte pedbkes myudmr m tekmr lms dbcasae`bs mdbcumdms pmrm km`tb`br e kbhermr bl fab`bstmr db lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs db bdmd y pubdm` llbvmr  u` dbsmrrelle dbl b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb. Tekm`de Dbcasae`bs qub lbs pbrkatm` sbr u`m pbrse`m mutó`ekm b a`dbpb a`dbpb`dab`t `dab`tb b b` su dëm m dëm, ce` kbher smlud, ce` kís sbguradmd y ce` kmyer cmpmcadmd pmrm mire`tmr y supbrmr lms mdvbrsadmdbs. =

 

EFHBTAYE GB@BVML8 Bl efhbtave gb`brml db bstb preybcte dbl b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb bs bxtb`dbr lm bspbrm`zm db vadm smludmflb y lm cmladmd db vadm db tedms lms pbrse`ms y msë pedbr  pbrkata pbrk atarr m lms pbr pbrse` se`ms ms kmyerb kmyerbss ce`tmr ce`tmr ce` kís a`d a`dbpb bpb`db `db`ca `cam, m, mute`ek mute`ekëm, ëm, pmrtacapmcaó` y dag`admd.

EFHBTAYE BS^BCËIACE8

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Bl Efhbtave bspbcëiace bs qub lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs db bdmd pubdm` smfbr  tm`te cekprb`dbr le qub bs u` b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb. ]ub ce`ezcm` u` pece db lm tberëm dbl b`vbhbcakab`te, msë ceke pedbr jmcbr  smfbr les mspbctes secamlbs dbl b`vbhbcakab`te y lm ierkm b` lm cuml pubdb` cuadmrsb pmrm pedbr llbvmr u` fub` b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb.

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HRSTAIACMCAÓ@8 Bl b`vbhbcakab`te db lm peflmcaó` a`iluyb `bgmtavmkb`tb b` lm ce`sbrvmcaó` db les cmsces jastóraces y fmrraes pbraiáraces, lms daiacultmdbs db ia`m`camcaó` db efrms db rbpm rbpmrm rmccaó`, aó`, u` u`ad adms ms m lms lms iësacm sacmss pmr mrm m mc mcek ekbt btbr br lms lms sak sakplbs plbs lmfe lmferb rbss db km`tb`akab`te, imverbcb` bl dbtbraere pregrbsave db les a`kubflbs y sus b`ter`es  Mdbkís, b` lm kbdadm b` qub bl kmyer cekab`zm m tb`br daiacultmdbs db kevaladmd y mute`ekëm, mfm`de`m su vavab`dm y sb trmslmdm m b`ter`es pretbgades (cmsm db u` imkalamr e u`m rbsadb`cam), gb`brí`desb b` lm caudmd felsms db a`kubflbs vmcëes, b` dbtbraere pregrbsave les kmyerbs db 92 mýes ce`statuyb` u` grupe secaml sa`gulmr, perqub ierkm` pmrtb db lm rbd db mpeyes ce` lm qub cub`tm` lms pbrs pb rse` e`ms ms b` bd bdmd md mcta mctavm vm,, pe perq rqub ub gb gb`b `brm rm` ` ra raqu qubz bzm m y bk bkpl plbe be ym qub qub se` se` ce`sukaderbs db mctavadmdbs db ecae, pbre tmkfaá` per su vul`brmfaladmd8 se` a`davadues hufalmdes, kmyeratmramkb`tb kuhbrbs, qub jmcb` use db lm caudmd y sus a`irmbstructurms durm`tb bl dëm b` su deflb vbrtab`tb db usumraes db mctavadmdbs culturmlbs, dbpertavms, bducmtavms y db ecae, y db cuadmderbs db `aýes pbqubýes y pbrse`ms ce` kevaladmd rbducadm lm sa`gulmradmd db bstb grupe peflmcae`ml hustaiacm lm `bcbsadmd db dasbýmr bstrmtbgams qub mvmlb` lm akplbkb`tmcaó` db lms pelëtacms secam sec amlb lbss qu qub b b` lm mc mctu tuml mlad admd md sb b` b`ie iecm` cm` jm jmca cam m des lëlë`b `bms ms pr prae aera ratm tmram ramss qu qub b prekubvb`8 

Bl b`v b`vbh bhbca bcaka kab`t b`te e mcta mctave ve,, ie iekb kb`t `tm`d m`de e lm pmrt pmrtac acap apmca mcaó` ó` db dbll km kmyer yer b` mctavadmdbs preibsae`mlbs, culturmlbs, bducmtavms, y iësacms, qub msbgurm` u`m kmyer cmladmd db vadm y mka`erm` les bibctes `bgmtaves db les së`tekms e mltbrmcae`bs prepams dbl precbse db b`vbhbcakab`te lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs qub qu b sb km`t km`tab ab`b `b` ` mct mctav avms ms,, ië iësa sacm cm y kb kb`t `tml mlkb kb`t `tb, b, pr prbv bvab ab`b `b` ` lm pe pesa safl flb b mpmracaó` db b`ibrkbdmdbs msecamdms m lm bdmd.

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Bl b`vbh b`vbhbc bcak akab ab`t `te e b` cms cmsm m b` ce ce`d `dac acae ae`b `bss db da dag` g`ad admd, md, vm vmle lerm` rm`de de lm mute`ekëm db lms pbrse`ms y prbstm`de mpeyes y rbcurses msastb`camlbs bstm bstmtm tmlb lbss b` cms cmse e db `b `bcbs cbsad admd md kb kbda dam`t m`tb b pr preg egrmk rmkms ms db msas msastb tb`c `cam am m dekacalae m kmyerbs y sus cuadmderbs.

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B@YBHBCAKAB@TE SMLRDMFLB

DBIA@ACAÓ@ Bl b`vbhbcakab`te b`vbhbcakab`te bs lm ce`sbc ce`sbcub`cam ub`cam db lm mcukul mcukulmcaó` mcaó` db u`m grm` vmrabdmd db dmýes kelbculmrbs y cblulmrbs m le lmrge dbl tabkpe, le qub llbvm m u` dbscb`se grmduml db lms cmpmcadmdbs iësacms y kb`tmlbs, m u` mukb`te dbl rabsge db b`ib b` ibrk rkbd bdmd md,, y iaia`ml `mlkb kb`t `tb, b, m lm ku kubrt brtb b (Er (Ergm` gm`azm azmcaó caó` ` Ku` Ku`dam damll db lm Sml Smlud ud

_EKS[).  Bstm dbia`a dbia`acaó` caó` bs u`m db lms kís mcbptmdms, pbre bs `bcbsmrae `bcbsmrae bxplacmr  qub b` lm vadm db u`m pbrse`m sb dasta`gub` des imsbs qub akplacm` u` prakbr  precbse bvelutave qub vm dbsdb bl `mcakab`te m lm a`im`cam y lm mdelbscb`cam, y qub ia`mlazm b` lm kmdurbz, qub sb mlcm`zm mlrbdbder db les 62 mýes. Bl sbgu sbgu`d `de e pre recb cbse se bs db a`ve a`velluc ucaó aó`, `, y bs bl qub qub sb adb` adb`ta taia iacm cm ce ce` ` bl b`vbhbcakab`te. Les cmkfaes y mltbrmcae`bs qub sb preducb` `e se` la`bmlbs `a u`aierkbs, sb prbsb`tm` b` mlgø` a`tbrvmle a`dbtbrka`mde db lm kmdurbz y su pregrbsaó` bs daibrb`tb b` cmdm pbrse`m. Msë, lm bdmd cre`elógacm y lm bdmd iasael iasaelóga ógacm cm pub pubdb` db` `e cea cea`ca `cadar dar,, y bxa bxastb stb` ` sbp sbptum tumgb` gb`mra mraes es qub gezm gezm` ` db u`m bxcblb`tb smlud y sb dbsb`vublvb` pbribctmkb`tb, kab`trms qub etres se` irígalbs y `bcbsatm` myudm ce`sadbrmflb. Bs bvadb`tb qub lm bdmd cre`elógacm sabkprb vm mvm`zm`de y `e sb pubdb jmcbr qub rbtrecbdm, pbre së sb pubdb mctumr b` lm bdmd iasaelógacm, qub a`dacm lm vblecadmd m lm qub cmdm a`davadue b`vbhbcb, y per tm`te bs pesaflb ce`sbguar u`m le`gbvadmd smludmflb. Les tárka`es qub dasta`gub` m bstb grupe db peflmcaó` sb jm` trm`sierkmde m le lmrge db les mýes, y ym `e sb bkplbm` lms bxprbsae`bs vabhe, tbrcbrm bdmd, m`cam`e e pbrse`m db bdmd mvm`zmdm. Lms kís mcbptmdms mctumlkb`tb se` pbrse`m kmyer  e mdulte kmyer. B` lm kmyerëm db les pmësbs dbsmrrellmdes, bl b`vbhbcakab`te bs mcbptmde ceke u`m btmpm db lm vadm qub bkpabzm ce` lm bdmd db lm hufalmcaó` (mlrbdbder db les 92 mýes) y tbrka`m ce` lm kubrtb. Kubrtb y b`vbhbcakab`te se` des ce`cbptes 4

 

dasta`tes qub tab`b` b` cekø` qub se` arrbvbrsaflbs. Lm daibrb`cam bs qub lm kubrtb bs u` bstmde a`mltbrmflb, y, per bl ce`trmrae, bl b`vbhbcakab`te bs u` precbse qub cursm arrbkasaflbkb`tb suhbte m ce`stm`tbs vmramcae`bs. Sb bxplacm lm kubrtb sa` b`vbhbcakab`te, pbre `e ml ce`trmrae. Lm bspbrm`zm db vadm bs cmdm vbz kmyer dbfade m les grm`dbs mvm`cbs b` les cmkpes db lm kbdaca`m y lm `utracaó`, b`trb etres. Jey b` dëm, lm vadm kbdam b` les pmësbs a`dustramlazmdes bs ml kb`es db 72 mýes. B` Bspmým lm peflmcaó` kmyer db 92 mýes rbprbsb`tm kís dbl =9% db lm peflmcaó` tetml, prepercaó` qub mukb`tmrí grmdumlkb`tb y llbgmrí m sbr kmyer db u` 3=% b` 6>2>. Mdbkís, u`e db cmdm trbs kmyerbs tb`drí kís db :> mýes. Bste a`dacm u` crbcakab`te db bstb sufgrupe db pbrse`ms kmyerbs db`eka`mde (sefrb b`vbhbcakab`te), y b` ce`sbcub`cam qub lm tmsm db dbpb`db`cam mukb`tmrí b` les próxakes mýes. Lm gbre`telegëm bstudam bl precbse db b`vbhbcakab`te y b`glefm les cmkfaes iësaces y ce`ductumlbs y tmkfaá` les faelógaces, secaelógaces y psacelógaces. Lm gbram gb ramtr trëm ëm sb db dbda dacm cm ml tr trmt mtmk mkab ab`t `te e db b` b`ib ibrk rkbdm bdmdbs dbs y së së`t `tek ekms ms db dbfa falalatm tm`t `tbs bs rblmcae`mdes ce` lm vbhbz.

TBEVËMS SEFVB BL B@YBHBCAKAB@TE Lms `ukbresms tberëms dbl b`vbhbcakab`te (kís db 3>>) eirbcb` bxplacmcae`bs db lms cmusms y bibctes db bstb precbse, b` bl qub dbstmcm bl dbscb`se pregrbsave db les vmlerbs kíxakes db rb`dakab`te iasaelógace y lm daska`ucaó` dbl `økbre db cálulms qub sb b`cub`trm` b` les bpatblaes gbrka`mlbs. Mdbkís, sb preducb u`m daska`ucaó` dbl `økbre db rafesekms y katece`drams, y u`m mcukulmcaó` dbl pagkb`te dbl b`vbhbcakab`te, lm lapeiusca`m. B` cum` cum`te te m lms lms tber tberëm ëmss bvel bveluc ucae ae`a `ast stms ms y gb gb`á `átatacm cms, s, ástm ástmss a`da a`dacm cm` ` qu qub b bl b`vbhb b`v bhbcak cakab` ab`te te bstí bstí pre pregrmk grmkmde mde y dbp dbpb`d b`db b db lms vmra vmramcae mcae`bs `bs gb`átac gb`átacms. ms. Bl crbcab`tb use db lms tác`acms gb`átacms pbrkatarí kbhermr b` su ce`ecakab`te y b` bl db les imcterbs qub ce`trelm` lm le`gbvadmd, mu`qub les legres ce`sbguades mø` se` bscmses.

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Lms tberëms iasaelógacms sb fmsm` b` qub bl b`vbhbcakab`te sb mcekpmým db u`m párda pá rdadm dm pre pregr grbsa bsavm vm db rb rb`da `daka kab` b`te te iasa iasael elóga ógace ce y je jekb kbes estm tmsa sas. s. Les sa sast stbk bkms ms `bureb`decra`e b a`ku`atmrae se` kuy akpertm`tbs b` lm ceerda`mcaó` db tedes les precb pr ecbses ses iaiasa sael elóg ógac aces, es, pbre pbre `e bxa bxast stb b u` u`m m rm rmzó` zó` pm pmrm rm mt mtra rafua fuarl rlbs bs m blle blless e m cuml cu mlqu quab abrr etre etre sa sast stbk bkm m bl pm pmpb pbll db rb rbgu gulm lmde derr db lm lmss ml mltb tbrmc rmcae ae`b `bss dbfad dbfadms ms ml b`vbhbcakab`te. Mdbkís, bl precbse dbgb`brmtave db les dasta`tes sastbkms db órgm`es sb rbmlazm, kuy prefmflbkb`tb, m daibrb`tbs vblecadmdbs. B` lm mctumladmd, u`m db lms tberëms kís mcbptmdm y rbspmldmdm per bvadb`cams cab`tëiacms a`dacm qub bl b`vbhbcakab`te bstí lagmde tm`te m lm dbsergm`azmcaó` cblulmr per bl bstrás exadmtave cmusmde per les rmdacmlbs lafrbs, ceke ml pmpbl clmvb dbl gb`ekm db lms katece`drams db lms cálulms. Lm rblmcaó` bstí dmdm perqub lm katece`dram katec e`dram bs lm pra`ca pra`capml pml iub`tb db imfrac imfracmcaó` mcaó` db rmdacmlbs lafrbs b` lm cálulm y, ml kaske tabkpe, lm qub kís darbctmkb`tb suirb bl bstrás exadmtave. Lm párdadm grmduml db lm iu`cae`mladmd katece`draml bs u`e db les precbses cmrmctbrëstaces dbl b`vbhbcakab`te.  M bstm tberëm sb u`b` les dmtes qub dbsdb jmcb mýes mpeym` qub lm rbstraccaó` cmlóracm rbtrmsm lm mpmracaó` y/e bl dbsmrrelle db lm kmyerëm db lms b`ibrkbdmdbs msecamdms ml b`vbhbcakab`te. Se` `ukbresms lms a`vbstagmcae`bs b` lms qub sb cekprubfm qub bxastb u`m kb`er preduccaó` katece`draml db rmdacmlbs lafrbs b` m`akmlbs sekbtades m rbstraccaó` cmlóracm.

Lm Cre`edasrupcaó`8 sb dbia`b ceke u`m mltbrmcaó` `etmflb dbl erdb` tbkperml a` a`tb tbr`e r`e db le less ra ratk tkes es carcm carcmda dam` m`es, es, tm tm`t `te e iasa iasael elóg ógac aces es ce ceke ke faequ faequëk ëkac aces es y db cekpertmkab`te. Lm secabdmd mctuml myudm m qub bl kede db vadm sb vbm mltbrmde per u`m kmyer mctavadmd `ectur`m y, b` ce`sbcub`cam, per u`m daska`ucaó` db lms jerms db subýe. Tmkfaá` sb preducb` mltbrmcae`bs dbfade m les tur`es db trmfmhe e m les dbsplmzmkab`tes lmrges. Les bstudaes bpadbkaelógaces kubstrm` lm rblmcaó` b`trb lm cre`edasrupcaó` y bl mukb`te b` lm a`cadb`cam db daibrb`tbs b`ibrkbdmdbs y bl b`vbhbcakab`te mcblbrmde. Iertmlbcbr bl iu`cae`mkab`te dbl sastbkm carcmdam`e ce` u` bstale db vadm rbgulmr b` cum`te m ratkes db mctavadmd-rbpese, bxpesacaó` m

9

 

lm luz durm`tb bl dëm, jermrae db cekadms hu`te ce` u`m mlakb mlakb`tmca `tmcaó` ó` bqualafrmdm bqualafrmdm y u`m fub`m cmladmd db subýe, pubdb mtb`umr bstes bibctes. Lm peflmcaó` b`vbhbcb db ierkm mcblbrmdm, le qub ce`llbvm u`m sbrab db cmkfaes iasaelógaces msecamdes, ym qub jmy u` dbtbraere gb`brmlazmde y pregrbsave db lm kmyerëm db les sastbkms y iu`cae`bs cerpermlbs.  Mpmrbcb` u`m sbrab db cmkfaes b` lm cekpesacaó` cerperml, ce` u` mukb`te y rbdastrafucaó` db lm kmsm grmsm y u` dbscb`se db lm kmsm kmgrm. M lm párdadm db kmsm y iu`caó` kusculmr msecamdm m lm bdmd sb lm ce`ecb ceke «smrcepb`am¿, së`drekb cmrmctbrazmde per bl dbsgmstb gb`brmlazmde y pregrbsave dbl køscule bsqublátace. Gb`brmlkb`tb sb mcekpmým db a`mctavadmd iësacm, db u`m daska`ucaó` db lm kevaladmd y db lm cmpmcadmd db rbmlazmr bhbrcacaes db rbsastb`cam. Bste sag`aiacm sag`ai acm qub bl kbtmfelask kbtmfelaske e fmsml daska`uyb daska`uyb (hu`te ce` bl kb`er gmste cmlórace) cmlórace),, db kede qub lms `bcbsadmdbs b`brgátacms db u`m pbrse`m kmyer se` kb`erbs qub lms dbl mdulte. Lm iu`caó` rb`ml sb rbducb, y per tm`te sb rbgastrm u` dbscb`se kedbrmde db lm vbleca vbl ecadmd dmd db ialtrm ialtrmcaó caó` ` glekbru glekbrulmr lmr,, bsc bsclbre lbresas sas vmsc vmsculmr ulmr y gle glekbr kbrulm ulmrr y kb` kb`er  er  cmpmcadmd db ce`cb`trmcaó` db era`m. Dbfade m blle, lm cmpmcadmd db blaka`mcaó` db preductes kbtmfólaces db dbsbcje pubdb bstmr daska`uadm. B` bl sastbkm cmrdaevmsculmr se` cmrmctbrëstaces bl mukb`te db lm ragadbz mrtbraml y dbl greser db lm pmrbd vb`traculmr, msë ceke lm daska`ucaó` db lm ce`trmctaladmd dbl kaecmrdae. kaecmrd ae. Les bib bibcte ctess kís akp akpert ertm`t m`tbs bs dbl b`vbhbc b`vbhbcaka akab`t b`te e sef sefrb rb lm iu` iu`caó caó` ` cmrdamcm sb efsbrvm` b` bl bhbrcacae, dbfade m lm cmëdm b` lm cmpmcadmd db mukb`tmr lm irbcub`cam cmrdamcm, u`m kmyer prbvmlb`cam db lm japbrtb`saó` mrtbraml y u` kmyer rabsge db mrratkams. Less cmkf Le cmkfae aess b` bl sast sastbk bkm m `b `brv rvae aese se (m (mdb dbkí kíss db sbr sbr ku kuyy ir irbc bcub ub`t `tbs bs,, y dbpb db pb`d `dab ab`d `de e db su km kmg` g`atatud ud)) pubd pubdb` b` sbr sbr ak akpe pert rtm` m`tb tbss db dbtb tbrk rka` a`m` m`tb tbss db dascmpmcadmd. dascmp mcadmd. Bl ce`tb` ce`tb`ade ade a`trmcrm`bm a`trmcrm`bm`e `e sb km`tab`b km`tab`b perqub daska daska`uyb `uyb lm kmsm cbrbfrml, pbre mukb`tm bl lëquade cbimlerrmquëdbe. Les cmkfaes b` bl `økbre db `bure`ms y db`dratms y b` lm iu`caó` ceg`atavm msecamdes m lm bdmd `e se` 7

 

u`aierkbs, u`aier kbs, sab`de lm kbkera kbkeram m y lm mtb`caó` lms bsibrms ceg`at ceg`atavms avms kís mibctm mibctmdms. dms. Tmkfaá` jmy mltbrmcae`bs b` lm iu`caó` keterm y b` bl precbse dbl subýe. Bl kbtmfelaske db les jadrmtes db cmrfe`e tmkfaá` bstí mltbrmde. Lm smrcepb`am jm kestrmde sbr u` imcter pmrtacapm`tb b` bl dbsmrrelle db rbsastb`cam a`sulë`acm.  Mdbkís, sb efsbrvm u` mukb`te pregrbsave db lm prepercaó` dbl pbse cerperml cekpubste per grmsm (sab`de bspbcamlkb`tb llmkmtave bl mukb`te db lm grmsm vascbrml), y bl tbhade mdapese jm dbkestrmde sbr u` órgm`e b`decra`e kuy mctave b` bl kbtmfelaske db lm glucesm. B` Bspmým, lm prbvmlb`cam db damfbtbs b` pbrse`ms kmyerbs db 72 mýes sb satøm per b`cakm dbl 3>%, y bs akpertm`tb perqub mctavm lm bvel bv eluc ucaó aó` `

db b` b`iibr brk kbdmd bdmdbs bs ce ceke ke cmtmr mtmrmt mtms ms,,

mltbr ltbrmc mcae ae`b `bss

rb rbtta`am a`am`m `mss

y

mrtbraebsclbresas. Les órgm`es db les sb`tades bstí` pbrturfmdes, y se` irbcub`tbs lm prbsfacam, lms cmtmrmtms y lm dbgb`brm-caó` kmculmr. Lm japemcusam sb dbfb pra`capmlkb`tb ml b`vbh b` vbhbc bcak akab ab`t `te e ce cecl clbm bmrr y m etres etres im imct cter erbs, bs, ce ceke ke se se` ` le less mk mkfa fab` b`tm tmlb lbss e lm prbdaspesacaó` gb`átacm. Tmkfaá` daska`uyb lm sb`safaladmd gustmtavm y elimtavm. Tede blle ce`trafuyb m qub lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs sbm` suscbptaflbs db tb`br  preflbkms db sbguradmd mlakb`tmram. Bl mpmrmte dagbstave pubdb iu`cae`mr ce` `erkmladmd b` a`davadues kmyerbs sm`es. Sa` bkfmrge, bs irbcub`tb qub les precbses dagbstaves sbm` kís lb`tes y bl pbrastmltaske sbm kb`er, ce` le qub lm mfsercaó` db `utrab`tbs pubdb bstmr  daska`uadm. Mdbkís, bs `bcbsmrae tb`br b` cub`tm qub bl dbtbraere fucml y db`tml bs kuy irbcub`tb b` lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs, le qub jmcb qub lm kmstacmcaó` sbm daiëcal y deleresm y qub, b` ce`sbcub`cam, sb preduzcm u` cmkfae b` les jífates mlakb`tmraes qub sublb akplacmr u`m a`gbstm dbiacab`tb db `utrab`tbs. Bl b`vbhbcakab`te tmkfaá` sb msecam m mltbrmcae`bs akpertm`tbs b` les jubses y lms mrtaculmcae`bs. Lm db`sadmd ósbm daska`uyb, bspbcamlkb`tb b` lms kuhbrbs peskb`epíusacms, db kede qub lm prefmfaladmd db qub pmdbzcm` estbeperesas mukb mu kb`t `tm m ce ce`s `sad adbr brmfl mflbk bkb`t b`tb. b. Bl cm cmrt rtëlëlmg mge e mrt mrtac acul ulmr mr tm tmkf kfaá aá` ` sui suirb rb cm cmkf kfae aess bstructurmlbs, cblulmrbs y kbcí`aces sag`aiacmtaves, le qub ce`llbvm u` precbse dbgb`brmtave qub ecmsae`m lm mrtresas, y qub lm mrtaculmcaó` sb vublvm kís rëgadm y :

 

irígal. Lm iu`caó` a`ku`atmram, bspbcamlkb`tb lm mctavadmd db lms cálulms T, sb dbtbraerm dbtbra erm ce` lm bdmd. ^er bstb ketave, lm cmpmcadmd dbl ergm`a ergm`aske ske pmrm cekfmt cekfmtar  ar  lms a`ibccae`bs daska`uyb. Les trmster`es mibctaves, ceke lm dbprbsaó` y lm m`sabdmd, sublb` rbpbtarsb m le lmrge db lm vadm b` lm tedm lm peflmcaó`, pbre se` kís irbcub`tbs b` lm vbhbz dbfa db fade de ml mukb` mukb`te te db dbll ra rabs bsge ge db mce`t mce`tbc bcak akab ab`t `tes es md mdvbr vbrses ses b` lm va vadm dm.. Lm prbvmlb`cam db bstes trmster`es b` les mdultes kmyerbs kís irígalbs y vul`brmflbs qub vavb` b` cb`tres db cuadmdes m lmrge plmze bs fmstm`tb kmyer. Les trmster`es db m`sabdmd y lm dbprbsaó` m kb`ude sb prbsb`tm` hu`tes. Mdbkís, les bstmdes dbprbsaves sb msecam` m u` pber bstmde `utracae`ml, ym qub bstms pbrse`ms sublb` pbrdbr bl a`tbrás per lm cekadm. R`e db les pra`capmlbs precbses pmtelógaces bs lm dbkb`cam, trmster`e qub mibctm m lms iu`cae`bs cbrbfrmlbs cbrbfrmlbs ceg`atavms db lm kbkeram, bl lb`gumhb, lm pbrcbpc pbrcbpcaó` aó` y bl pb`smkab`te, y qub rbpbrcutb b` lms mctavadmdbs db lm vadm cetadam`m. Sbgø` lm EKS, les tapes kís ceku`bs db dbkb`cam se` lm b`ibrkbdmd db Mlzjbakbr y lm dbkb`cam vmsculmr. Jmy bxpbrakb`tes qub a`dacm` qub, sa sb rbducb` les imcterbs db rabsge db lms b`ibrk b`ibrkbdmdbs bdmdbs cmrdaevmsculmr cmrdaevmsculmrbs, bs, sb pubdb daska`u daska`uar ar bl rabsge db dbtbrka`mdes tapes db dbkb`cam. Lmss ce Lm ce`s `sbc bcub` ub`ca cams ms pb pbrse rse`m `mlb lbs, s, se seca caml mlbs bs y bce bce`ó `óka kacms cms db lm dbkb dbkb`c `cam am se se` ` b`erkbs. Les dasta`tes tapes db dbkb`cam supe`b` u` mukb`te db les cestbs db les cuadmdes m lmrge plmze pmrm lms pbrse`ms, lms imkalams, lms ceku`admdbs y, ia`mlkb`tb, pmrm les gefabr`es. Lm ^rakbrm Ce`ibrb`cam Ka`astbraml db lm EKS sefrb lm Mccaó` Ku`daml ce`trm lm Dbkb Db kb`c `cam am,, cb cblb lbfr frmd mdm m b` Ga`b Ga`bfrm frm b` km kmrze rze db 6> 6>=2, =2, llllbv bvó ó m a` a`ce cerpe rperm rmrr lm prbvb`caó`, lm mtb`caó` y lm rbjmfalatmcaó` b` rblmcaó` ce` lm dbkb`cam b` lms pelëtacms sefrb bl b`vbhbcakab`te. Mu`qub les bsiubrzes sb sagm` ce`cb`trm`de b` b`ce`trmr bl trmtmkab`te mdbcumde, tmkfaá` sb plm`tbm` kbherms ce`ta`ums b` lm mtb`caó` mtb`ca ó` db lms pbrse`ms ce` dbkb`cam y b` bl mpeye m sus cuadmderb cuadmderbs. s. Lm EKS tab`b tab `b prbv prbvast aste e bst bstmfl mflbcb bcbrr u` efsbrvm efsbrvmter terae ae ku` ku`daml daml sefrb lm dbk dbkb`c b`cam am qub sb cb`t cb `trm rmrí rí b` ce` ce`ec ecbr br kb kbhe herr bs bste tess tr trms mste ter` r`es es y va vaga galm lmrr su bp bpad adbk bkae aele legë gëm, m, y b` 1

 

gbstae`mr les rbcurses y lms a`vbstagmcae`bs ce` bl ia` db davulgmr y dbib`dbr les bsiubrzes a`tbr`mcae`mlbs pmrm rbducar lms cmrgms msecamdms m lms dbkb`cams. Le kís prefmflb bs qub lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs prbsb`tb` kultakerfaladmd, bs dbca db car, r, vmra vmrams ms b` b`ib ibrk rkbd bdmd mdbs bs cr cró` ó`ac acms ms ml ka kask ske e tabk tabkpe pe,, per per le qu qub b bs ku kuyy akpertm`tb qub `e jmym a`tbrmccae`bs b`trb les trmtmkab`tes db lms daibrb`tbs mibccae`bs. Lm kultakerfaladmd tmkfaá` sb msecam m kmyerbs tmsms db utalazmcaó` db les sbrvacaes db msastb`cam sm`atmram y m cestbs db smlud kís mltes. R`m bxtb`sm rbvasaó` sastbkítacm db vmraes bstudaes rbmlazmdes b` sabtb pmësbs db a`grbses mltes ce`c ce`clu luyó yó qu qub b kí kíss db lm ka katm tmd d db tedm tedmss lms lms pb pbrs rse` e`ms ms km kmye yerb rbss pr prbs bsb` b`tm tm` ` kultakerfa kulta kerfaladmd, ladmd, ce` u`m prbvmlb prbvmlb`cam `cam qub mukb`t mukb`tm m `etmf `etmflbkb`t lbkb`tb b b` lm bdmd kuy mvm`zmdm. Bl pmpbl dbl imrkmcáutace sbrí crucaml pmrm msbgurmr u`m cerrbctm utalaz utalazmca mcaó` ó` db les das dasta` ta`tes tes kbd kbdacm acmkb`t kb`tes es b` bstm bstm peflmc peflmcaó` aó` b`vb b`vbhbc hbcadm adm,, y sb rbqubrarí u`m kmyer bspbcamlazmcaó` pmrm msbgurmr su cmladmd db vadm y rbducar  tedes les bibctes `e dbsbmdes db sus trmtmkab`tes.

MS^BCTES SECAMLBS DBL B@YBHBCAKAB@TE Bl b`vbhbcakab`te bs u` precbse arrbvbrsaflb, u`m bxpbrab`cam ø`acm b a`davaduml qub mibctm m tedms lms dakb`s dakb`sae`bs ae`bs dbl sbr jukm`e y qub a`cluyb lm mcbptmca mcbptmcaó` ó` y bl cmka`e jmcam lm kubrtb. Bs u`m btmpm b` lm qub sb preducb` kucjes cmkfaes vatmlbs (mdbkís db les iasaelógaces y faelógaces), ceke lm hufalmcaó`, bl trmslmde m vavab`dms kís mprepamdms y lm kubrtb db mkages y pmrbhm. Lms párd Lms párdad adms ms mi mibct bctav avms ms se` se` dai daiëc ëcalalbs bs db supbr supbrmr mr y su supe pe`b` `b` u` u`m m mibc mibctm tmca caó` ó` psac psacel elóg ógac acm m ak akpe pert rtm` m`tb tb.. ^e ^err etrm etrm pm pmrt rtb, b, lm hufa hufalm lmca caó` ó` pubd pubdb b ce`l ce`llb lbvm vmrr u`m u`m da dask ska` a`uca ucaó` ó` db le less a` a`grb grbse sess bc bce` e`ók ókac aces es y, ml ka kask ske e tatabk bkpe, pe, u` mukb`t mukb`te e ce`sadbrmflb dbl tabkpe lafrb, qub bs `bcbsmrae mprb`dbr m gbstae`mr db ierkm mdbcumdm. Lm pbrse`m kmyer vb cóke su pmpbl b` lm vadm cmkfam db ierkm ce`sadbrmflb cum`de sb hufalm, y pmsm db sbr u` suhbte mctave m u`e kís pmsave. Mdbkís, sa m blle sb sukm` preflbkms db smlud pubdb `bcbsatmr cuadmdes bspbcëiaces. Ástm

=>

 

sublb sbr u`m db lms cmusms dbl cmkfae db vavab`dm y, b` mlgu`es cmses, supe`b bl a`grbse b` u`m a`statucaó`. B` mdultes kmyerbs sm`es, ce` mute`ekëm y u` b`ter`e ce` imkalamrbs qub les quabrm` quabrm ` y bstá` pb`dab`t pb`dab`tbs bs db blles b` ce`dac ce`dacae`bs ae`bs secaebce`ók secaebce`ókacms acms suiacab`tbs, suiacab`tbs, bl b`vbhbcakab`te pubdb sbr u` precbse smtasimcterae. Bxastb` `ukbresms prubfms db qub les mdultes kmyerbs ce`trafuyb` m lm secabdmd b` kucjes sb`tades, pbre m kb`ude sb les vb db km`brm bstbrbetapmdm ceke u`m cmrgm bce`ókacm e ceke pbrse`ms irígalbs irígalbs y dbpb`da dbpb`dab`tbs b`tbs ce` dbtbra dbtbraere ere iësace iësace y ceg`at ceg`atave. ave. Bstms mctat mctatudbs udbs bsce`db` u`m dascraka`mcaó` per ketaves db bdmd qub bstí kuy mrrmagmdm b` lm secabdmd, y qub pubdb ce`vbrtarsb b` rbmladmd ml prekevbrlm. B` lm crbcab crbcab`tb `tb peflmcaó peflmcaó` ` db pbrse`m pbrse`mss kmyerbs, lms kuhbrbs kuhbrbs se` kís `ukbresms qub qu b les les vmre vmre`b `bss y sus sus cmrm cmrmct ctbr brës ëstatacm cmss seca secaed edbk bkeg egrí ríiaiacm cmss y db smlu smlud d se` se` clmrmkb`tb dbia`adms y dasta`tms. Sb vb` mibctmdms per u` kb`er `avbl db a`grbses, m`mlimfbtaske, selbdmd y pberbs b`ter`es. B` bstm peflmcaó`, tmkfaá` bl jbcje db sbr kuhbr bs u` imcter qub gb`brm akpertm`tbs dbsagumldmdbs. Mlgu`ms kbdadms pmrm rbducar lms dbsagumldmdbs db gá`bre se`8 Bvatmr jífates db rabsge (tmfmce, mlcejel...) y iekb`tmr lm vadm smludmflb pmrm lms kuhbrbs kmyerbs, ceke u`m mlakb`tmcaó` racm b` cmlcae. ^rbv ^rbvb` b`ar ar y trmt trmtmr mr lms lms b` b`ib ibrk rkbd bdmd mdbs bs qu qub b mibc mibctm tm` ` db ierk ierkm m ak akpe pert rtm` m`tb tb ml b`vbhbcakab`te db lms kuhbrbs, ceke se` les trmster`es cmrdaevmsculmrbs, lms párdadmss sb`sera párdadm sb`seramlb mlbss vasuml vasumlbs bs y muda mudatav tavms, ms, lm est estbep beperes eresas, as, lm dbp dbprbsa rbsaó` ó` y bl dbtbraere ceg`atave y lms b`ibrkbdmdbs estbemrtaculmrbs y rbukmtelógacms. Daska`uar les bstbrbetapes fmsmdes b` bl gá`bre, b` bspbcaml b` rbibrb`cam m lm kb`epmusam y m`cam`admd db lms kuhbrbs, y dbhmr db adb`taiacmr lm smlud db lms kuhbrbs ce` mspbctes rbpreductaves. Bvatatmr Bv mr sbs sbsge gess qub bstm bstmfl flbzc bzcm` m` bl btaq btaqub ubtm tmde de db lm lmss ku kuhb hbrbs rbs km kmye yerbs rbs ce ceke ke pmcab`tbs preflbkítaces qub mcudb` ce` dbkmsamdm irbcub`cam m lms ce`sultms dbl kádace db imkalam. Bs `bcbsmrae m`mlazmr y cerrbgar lms dascraka`mcae`bs fmsmdms b` bl gá`bre b` lm msastb`cam sm`atmram prbstmdm m lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs. ==

 

Bstmr kuy mtb`tes m lm dbtbccaó` db kmles trmtes b` bl íkfate imkalamr, tm`te b` rbibrb`cam m lm vaelb`cam db gá`bre ceke ml rbste db mfuses jmcam lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs. ^rekevbr lm mlimfbtazmcaó` y cumlquabr epertu`admd db mprb`dazmhb y ierkmcaó` ce`ta`umdm db lms kuhbrbs kmyerbs. Les sbrvacaes sm`atmraes dbfb` ce`trafuar m lm cerrbccaó` db bstms dbsagumldmdbs dbsdb lm prbvb`caó`, lm plm`aiacmcaó`, lm msastb`cam y lm a`vbstagmcaó`.

Bl Tárk Tárka`e a`e B`vbhbcbr B`vbhbcbr Smtasimcter Smtasimcteramkb` amkb`tb8 tb8  sb  b`tab`db ceke bl jbcje db rbtrmsmr y cekpb`smr bl dbtbraere iu`cae`ml iësace y kb`tml qub sb msecam m lm bdmd. Bstm bxprbsaó` akplacm u`m sb`smcaó` db fab`bstmr `e sóle iësacm y kb`tml, sa`e tmkfaá` secaml. B` su øltake a`ierkb sefrb lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs, lm EKS plm`tbm u`m bstrmtbgam db smlud pøflacm sefrb bl b`vbhbcakab`te ce`sadbrí`dele dbsdb u` sb`tade mkplae fmsmde b` bl curse db lm vadm y b` pbrspbctavms iu`cae`mlbs, y iekb`tm bl b`vbhbcakab`te mctave y smludmflb.

Sbgø` lm EKS, b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb bs bl precbse db iekb`tmr y km`tb`br lm cmpmcadmd iu`cae`ml qub pbrkatb bl fab`bstmr b` lm vbhbz.

Bl B`vbhbcakab`te Smludmflb8   sb ce`sadbrm b` sb`tade mkplae y sb fmsm b` bl curse db lm vadm y b` pbrspbctavms iu`cae`mlbs. Lm cmpmcadmd iu`cae`ml cekprb`db les mtrafutes qub pbrkatb` m u`m pbrse`m sbr ceke quabrb sbr y jmcbr le qub bs akpertm`tb akpert m`tb pmrm bllm. Sb cekpe`b db lm cmpmcadmd a`trë`sbcm a`trë`sbcm db lm pbrse`m, tm`te iësacm ceke kb`tml, lms cmrmctbrëstacms dbl b`ter`e ceke bl jegmr, lm ceku`admd y lm secabdmd b` gb`brml, y lms a`tbrmccae`bs b`trb lm pbrse`m y bsms cmrmctbrëstacms. ^er øltake, sb ce`sadbrm bl fab`bstmr b` lm vbhbz b` u` bxtb`se sb`tade qub mfmrcm cubstae`bs ceke lm iblacadmd, lm smtasimccaó` y lm plb`m rbmlazmcaó`. Bl b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb cekab`zm ml `mcbr ce` `ubstrm jbrb`cam gb`átacm, qub pubdb vbrsb mltbrmdm b` lm vadm a`trmutbra`m y per lms bxpesacae`bs b` bl b`ter`e y les jífates pestbraerbs. Mlgu`ms cmrmctbrëstacms pbrse`mlbs pubdb` sbr iahms, ceke bl sbxe y bl eragb` át`ace, y etrms rbilbhm` bl akpmcte dbl kbdae secaml, ceke bl `avbl bducmtave, bl gá`bre e bl bstmtus bce`ókace. Lms epertu`admdbs y rbcurses `e =6

 

sabkprb sabkpr b sb cerrbspe cerrbspe`db` `db` ce` `ubstrms `bcbsadmdbs `bcbsadmdbs e dbrbcje dbrbcjess (y së ce` `ubstrm pesacaó` secaml e bce`ókacm) y pubdb` sbr a`hustes e pece bquatmtaves. dbia`b a`b ceke bl prec precbse bse db ept eptaka akazmc zmcaó` aó` db lms Bl B`vbhb B`vbhbcak cakab` ab`te te Mctave Mctave88 sb dbi epertu`admdbs db smlud, pmrtacapmcaó` y sbguradmd, qub tab`b ceke ia` kbhermr lm cmladmd db vadm db lms pbrse`ms m kbdadm qub b`vbhbcb` (EKS). Les palmrbs dbl b`vbhbcakab b`vbhbcakab`te `te mctave se` lm smlud, lm pmrtac pmrtacapmcaó apmcaó` ` y lm sbguradmd. Lms clmvbs dbtbrka`m`tbs se` bce`ókacms, ce`ductumlbs, pbrse`mlbs, secamlbs, lms rblmcae`mdms ce` les sastbkms sm`atmraes y secamlbs, y lms rblmcae`mdms ce` bl b`ter`e iësace. Bl efhbtave bs bxtb`dbr lm cmladmd y lm bspbrm`zm db vadm m bdmdbs mvm`zmdms, bs dbcar, dasirutmr dasirutmr db u` b`vbhb b`vbhbcakab cakab`te `te mctave y smludmf smludmflb, lb, le qub ce`llbvm pmrtacap pmrtacapmr  mr  b` lm secabdmd db mcubrde ce` `ubstrms `bcbsadmdbs, dbsbes y cmpmcadmdbs, y mprevb mpre vbcj cjmr mr lms lms ep eper ertu tu`a `adm dmdb dbss db tb`b tb`brr fu fub` b`m m smlu smlud d iësa iësacm cm,, sb`t sb`tar arsb sb fab` fab` bkecae`mlkb`tb y vavar b` u` b`ter`e secaml imvermflb. ^mrm ^mr m rbsu rbsukar kar y mu`m mu`mrr ted tede e le qub sb jm trm trmtmd tmde, e, sb pub pubdb db blmfer blmfermr mr u`m rbcb rbcbtm tm mdbcumdm qub ce`trafuym `e sóle m mýmdar mýes m lm vadm, sa`e m qub ástes sbm` db cmladmd. Ce`sastb b` les saguab`tbs mspbctes8

MLAKB@TMCAÓ@ SMLRDMFLB R`m dabtm vmramdm y bqualafrmdm bs iu`dmkb`tml. Lms irutms y lms vbrdurms se` `ubstres kbherbs mlamdes. ^er bl ce`trmrae, les mlakb`tes grmses y bl mzøcmr, dbfb` tekmrsb ce` kedbrmcaó`. 

Bs rbcekb`dmflb jmcbr ca`ce cekadms ml dëm, sab`de bl dbsmyu`e y lm cekadm lms pra`capmlbs. ^mrm ce`sbguar bl bqualafrae mlakb`tmrae damrae, bs `bcbsmrae8



Tekmr irutms, vbrdurms y jertmlazms (irbscms e ceca`mdms, y kbher lms db tbkpermdm) b` cm`tadmd suiacab`tb.



Celecmr les cbrbmlbs y lms pmtmtms b` u` sbgu`de tárka`e.

=3

 



Cekplbtmr lm dabtm ce` pretbë`ms, qub dbfb` mltbr`mrsb durm`tb lm sbkm`m. Lms kís mdbcumdms se` lm cmr`b flm`cm, bl pbscmde, lms lbgukfrbs, les irutes sbces y les jubves.



B` cum`te ml rbste, ce`vab`b ce`sukar mcbatb db elavm vargb`, pecm cm`tadmd db sml y fbfbr mfu`dm`tb cm`tadmd db mgum.



Bvatmr b` le pesaflb mlakb`tes prbceca`mdes, fellbrëm a`dustraml y mlakb`tes smlmdes.



Bkplbmr sastbkms db ceca`mde ceke lm plm`cjm, bl jbrvade, ml vmper, ml jer`e y lm pmrrallm, y bvatmr les mlakb`tes irates.

MCTAYADMD IËSACM Vbmlazmr u`m mdbcumdm mctavadmd iësacm damram iertmlbcb les køscules, kbherm lm smlud ósbm, bl pbse y bl bqualafrae, y daska`uyb bl rabsge db cmëdms. Mdbkís, kbherm bl juker, lm smlud kb`tml, myudm m derkar kbher y prbvab`b y mlavam b`ibrkbdmdbs ceke a`imrtes, japbrtb`saó`, damfbtbs tape 6, btc. =. @e bs akp akprbsc rbsca`d a`dafl aflb b prmc prmctac tacmr mr u` dbp dbpert ertb b ce` ce`crbt crbte8 e8 kbdam kbdam jerm db mct mctava avadmd dmd iësacm damram bs suiacab`tb pmrm kbhermr lm smlud. Ce`vab`b usmr kb`es bl cecjb y bl mscb`ser, y b` su lugmr cmka`mr y sufar y fmhmr bscmlbrms. Tmkfaá` bs akpertm`tb bkplbmr pmrtb dbl tabkpe db ecae b` rbmlazmr mctavadmdbs ceke `mdmr, fmalmr, hugmr ml pa`g-pe`g, jmcbr yegm, tmacjë, btc.

6. ^ub ^ubdb db ecurr ecurrar ar qub, dbf dbfade ade ml bstm bstmde de db smlud smlud,, `e jmym epcae epcae`bs `bs db rbmlazm rbmlazmr  r  bstm mctavadmd iësacm, per le qub sb rbcekab`dm jmcbrle b` lm kbdadm db lms pesafaladmdbs db cmdm u`e y sabkprb tb`ab`de b` cub`tm qub bl bhbrcacae `e dbfb cmusmr deler.

CRADMDES CEV^EVMLBS =. Bs kuy akpert akpertm`tb m`tb km`t km`tb`br b`br u`m smlud fuce fucedb`tml db`tml mdb mdbcumdm cumdm, le qub akplacm bl cbpallmde cbpal lmde trms cmdm cekadm y bl use dbl jale db`tml. Sa lm db`tmdurm db`tmdurm bs pestaz pestazm, m, sb rbcekab`dm lakpamrlm fab` y quatmrlm per lm `ecjb. @e dbfb` elvadmrsb lms rbvasae`bs pbraódacms ce` bl db`tastm. =4

 

6. Lm pabl pabl,, ml b`v b`vbhbcbr, bhbcbr, pabrdb b blmstac lmstacadmd, admd, ssb b sbcm y bs k kís ís iríga irígal.l. Les cuad cuadmdes mdes cekab`zm` ce` u`m ducjm damram bkplbm`de hmfe`bs `butres y u` fub` sbcmde db lms ze`ms db plabgubs, y ia`mlazm` ce` lm mplacmcaó` db u`m crbkm jadrmtm`tb pmrm bvatmr lm sbqubdmd. Bs `bcbsmrae jmcbr u` sbguakab`te bstracte db lms pbqubýms pbqubý ms jbradms y db les lu`mrbs (efsbrvmr sa cmkfam` cmkfam` db tmkmýe y celer), y prbstmr mtb`caó` m lms ze`ms db plabgubs per sa mpmrbcb` b`rehbcakab`tes. 3. Lm bxpes bxpesacaó` acaó` se selmr lmr bs kís p pbrhuda brhudacaml caml m bst bstms ms bdmdb bdmdbss dbfade m llm m irmgal irmgaladmd admd db lm pabl, per le qub lms prbcmucae`bs qub dbfb` tekmrsb se` kíxakms. Dbfb rbcekb`dmrsb u` imcter db pretbccaó` mlte e kuy mlte, y fbfbr kucjm mgum. 4. Bl cua cuadmde dmde db les pabs pabs bs iu` iu`dmk dmkb`t b`tml. ml. Bs `bcbsm `bcbsmrae rae rbva rbvasmrl smrles es m kb` kb`ude ude y efsbrvmr sa jmy lbsae`bs, uýms b`cmr`mdms e mkpellms. Sb rbcekab`dm bl use db cmlcbta`bs db mlgedó` y zmpmtes cókedes mkplaes y db tmcó` fmhe. 2. Leg Legrmr rmr u` subýe rbpm rbpmrmd rmder er bvatm bvatm bl kml juk juker er y bl cm`sm`ca cm`sm`cae, e, y per tm` tm`te te bl kmyer rabsge db cmëdms. Ce`vab`b km`tb`br u`m ruta`m jermram, cb`mr pece, bvatmr fbfadms bxcatm`tbs y bstmr mctave durm`tb bl dëm pmrm pedbr dbscm`smr  kbher per lm `ecjb.

VBLMCAE@BS SBZRMLBS =. Bs prbca prbcase se mprb` mprb`dbr dbr m dasi dasirutmr rutmr db dbll cubrpe cce` e` sus `ub `ubvms vms lak lakatmca atmcae`bs. e`bs. 

B` lm Kuhbr8  bs irbcub`tb lm párdadm db lufracmcaó` vmga`ml.



B` bl Je Jekf kfrb rb88 

lm daia daiacu cultltmd md pm pmrm rm le legr grmr mr y km km`t `tb` b`br br u` u`m m br brbc bcca caó` ó`

smtasimcteram. 6. Bs prbca prbcase se ce`su ce`sultm ltmrr cmdm cmse ce` bl pbrse`ml pbrse`ml sm`at sm`atmra mrae, e, y rbce rbcerdmr rdmr sabkpr sabkprb b qub jmy etrms ierkms db rblmcaó rblmcaó` ` sbxuml sa` pb`btr pb`btrmcaó` mcaó` qub pubdb` sbr tm`te e kís plmcb`tbrms. 3. B` ted ede e cms mse e, dbf bfbk bkes es rb rbccer erdm dmrr qub, b` lms rblmcae`bs `bs db rabsge, a`db a`dbpb pb`d `dab ab`t `tbk bkb` b`tb tb db lm bdmd bdmd,, sabk sabkpr prb b bs rb rbce cekb kb`d `dmf mflb lb bl use use db prbsbrvmtave. =2

 

KB@TB MCTAYM Lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs sublb` prbecupmrsb prbecupmrsb per lm párdadm db kbkera kbkeram, m, qub `e bs u` preflbkm sa `e bs pregrbsavm y `e mibctm m lm vadm damram.  Mlgu`es ce`sbhes pmrm km`tb`br lm kb`tb mctavm se`8 =. Derka erkarr fab` fab` 6. rb rbml mlaz azmr mr mcta mctava vadm dmdb dbss qu qub b bsta bstaku kulb lb` ` bl cbrb cbrbfr fre, e, ceke ceke lbbr lbbr,, bscr bscraf afar ar e usmr  usmr  pmsmtabkpes. 3. Tmkfa Tmkfaá` á` myudm` llms ms rblmc rblmcae`bs ae`bs ce` b bll b`ter` b`ter`e e y iekb`t iekb`tmr mr les ce` ce`ecakab ecakab`tes `tes e jmfa jm falaladm dmdb dbss db cmdm cmdm pb pbrs rse` e`m, m, ym qub qub lm bd bdmd md `e tab` tab`b b pe perr quá quá sbr sbr u` a`ce`vb`ab`tb pmrm sbguar mprb`dab`de.

^VBYB@CAÓ@ DB CMËDMS Q MCCADB@TBS Bl rabsge db cmëdms y mccadb`tbs mukb`tm ce` lm bdmd, dbfade tm`te m lm párdadm db les órgm`es sb`seramlbs, les rbilbhes y lm iubrzm kusculmr, ceke ml bibcte db dbtbrka`mdes kbdacmkb`tes y b`ibrkbdmdbs. 

^mrm prbvb`arle, bs akpertm`tb km`tb`br u`m mctavadmd iësacm rbgulmr ce` bl ia` db `e pbrdb pbrdbrr iu iubrz brzm m y bq bqua ualalafra frae, e, rbmla rbmlazmr zmr le less keva kevaka kab` b`te tess ce ce` ` cuad cuadmd mde e (lbvm`tmrsb, garmr.) y bkplbmr fmstó` e m`dmder sa bs `bcbsmrae.



B` bl dekacalae, lm aluka`mcaó` dbfb sbr suiacab`tb y mdbcumdm, precurm`de tb`br tede le `bcbsmrae m km`e, `e sufarsb m les tmfurbtbs, `e usmr mliekfrms y, sa jmy bscmle`bs, utal utalazmr azmr u` pmsmk pmsmkm`e. m`e. B` bl fmýe, se` rbcekb rbcekb`dmflb `dmflbss les mgmrrm rrmdbres res, lm ducj cjm m b` lugmr db lm fmýbr brm m y bkplbm bmrr sastbkms m`tadbslazm`tbs.

TMFM]RASKE Q MLCEJELASKE Bl tmfmce y bl ce`suke mfusave db mlcejel clmrmkb`tb `e hubgm` m tu imver, rbducb su ce`suke e blakë`mle cekplbtmkb`tb.

=9

 



Bl mlcejel, a`cluse b` pbqubýms cm`tadmdbs, pubdb mibctmr ml bqualafrae y les rbilbhes. Mdbkís, lm kmyerëm db lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs rbcafb` trmtmkab`te imrkmcelógace, y lm a`gbstm db mlcejel pubdb a`tbribrar b` les kbdacmkb`tes.



Les bibctes pbrhudacamlbs dbl tmfmce, tm`te pmrm bl iukmder ceke pmrm lms pbrse`ms qub bstí` m su mlrbdbder, se` db sefrm ce`ecades. Bstes bibctes se` pberbs ce` lm bdmd y pubdb` mgrmvmr lms b`ibrkbdmdbs qub pmdbcb` lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs. Sabkprb bs fub` kekb`te pmrm dbhmr db iukmr.

CRADMDE DB LMS BKECAE@BS Q LMS VBLMCAE@BS R`e db les pra`capm pra`capmlbs lbs preflbkms db lms pbrse`ms pbrse`ms kmyerbs bs lm párdadm mibctavm db imka imkalalamr mrbs bs e mk mkag ages es,, qu qub b subl sublb b sbr sbr ku kuyy daië daiëca call db supb supbrm rmrr y tab` tab`b b u`m u`m rbpbrcusaó` akpertm`tb b` su bstmde psacelógace. 

Tb`br u`m mctatud pesatavm b` lm vadm myudm m mvm`zmr ce` sbguradmd y m vb`cbr  lms mdvbrsadmdbs qub mpmrbcb` m le lmrge db les mýes. ^mrm blle, jmy qub mprb`dbr m dasirutmr db les pbqubýes plmcbrbs qub myudm` m dastrmbrsb y m kbhermr bl juker, y fuscmr lm iblacadmd y bl fab`bstmr b` les cërcules imkalamrbs y db mkastmdbs.



Bl b`ter`e secaml mdquabrb b` bstm btmpm db lm vadm u`m grm` akpertm`cam, per le qub bs kuy rbcekb`dmflb smlar db cmsm y rblmcae`mrsb. Bs akpertm`tb trmtmr  ce ce` ` lm im imka kalalam, m, le less mk mkag ages, es, le less vb vbca ca`es `es.. Mc Mctu tuml mlkb kb`t `tb, b, bxas bxastb tb` ` daib daibrb rb`t `tbs bs mctavadmdbs daragadms m bstm peflmcaó` b` tedms lms caudmdbs, b` lms qub sb pubdb pmrtacapmr sbgø` lm prbibrb`cam db cmdm pbrse`m.

CRADMDES KÁDACES Q MSASTB@CAM IMVKMCÁRTACM 

Lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs dbfb` mcudar m lms rbvasae`bs kádacms y prbgu`tmr ml pbrse`ml sm`atmrae per lms b`ibrkbdmdbs qub pmdbcb` (cóke trmtmrlms, quá mspbctes pubdb` cerrbgar pmrm kbhermr, btc.). Mdbkís, sabkprb qub mpmrbzcm` `ubves së`tekms dbfb` ce`sultmrle ce` su kádace e imrkmcáutace.

=7

 



Bs akpertm`tb qub pmrtacapb` b` lms cmkpmýms db vmcu`mcaó` qub lbs mibctm`, ceke lm db lm grapb.



B` cum`te m lm kbdacmcaó`, bs rbcekb`dmflb qub daspe`gm` db u`m lastm ce` tedes les kbdacmkb`tes qub bstí` tekm`de. Bstm lastm dbfb a`cluar bl `ekfrb, lm des desas as y lm pm pmut utm m db dbll tr trmt mtmk mkab ab`t `te. e. Msak Msakas aske ke,, db dbfb fbrí` rí` m`e m`etm tmrr b` bllm bllm sa pmdbcb` mlgu`m mlbrgam.



B` lm imrkmcam pubdb rbmlazmrsb u` sbguakab`te imrkmcetbrmpáutace. Db bstm ierkm, mdbkís db bvatmr pesaflbs a`tbrmccae`bs, duplacadmdbs e rbmccae`bs mdvbrsms db les kbdacmkb`tes, sb myudmrí ml pmcab`tb m kbhermr su smlud, tm`te iësacm ceke kb`tml, rbcekb`dm`de u` plm` db vadm kís smludmflb pmrm prbvb`ar lms b`ibrkbdmdbs.

SAGRB M^VB@DAB@DE @e pabrdms `u`cm lm curaesadmd. Lbb lafres e rbvastms, pmrtacapmr b` dbfmtbs e a`cluse pubdbs mprb`dbr m utalazmr a`tbr`bt e a`acamrtb b` lms rbdbs secamlbs.

CRADMV LM CMSM Q MDM^TMVLM Db lm kaskm km`brm qub rbmlazm rbmlazmkes kes cmkfaes b` cmsm ce` lm llbgmdm db u` fbfá, ce` lm llbgmdm db lm vbhbz tmkfaá` pedbkes rbmlazmr pbqubýes cmkfaes b` cmsm. Cmkfamr lm fmýbrm per u` plmte db ducjm e mdmptmr lms mlturms db blbctr blb ctredek edekást ástace acess cek ceke e lm lmv lmvmde mderm rm pub pubdb db prbv prbvb`a b`arr lbsae` lbsae`bs bs kusculm kusculmrbs rbs per  kmlms pesturms.

VBLMCAE@MVSB Smlalarr db cmsm, Sm cmsm, rb rblm lmca cae` e`mrs mrsb, b, a` a`ie ierk rkmrs mrsb, b, ce ce`ec `ecbr br ce cesms sms y pb pbrse rse`ms `ms `ubv `ubvms ms mkplamrí `ubstre cërcule secaml. Yasatmr kusbes, ar ml tbmtre e smlar m cb`mr tb myudmrí m tb`br u`m mctatud pesatavm y m tb`br msparmcae`bs.

MCB^TMV Q DASIVRTMV DBL ^RBSTE ]RB SB ECR^M B@ LM IMKALAM Sa tus jahes ym se` kmyerbs e bstís hufalmde, hufalmde, mprevácjm mprevácjmle. le. Qm `e tab`b tab`bss qub bstmr  pb`dab`tb db tede, dasirutm db bstb kbrbcade dbscm`se y mprevbcjm pmrm jmcbr  bsm cesm qub sabkprb jms qubrade jmcbr. =:

 

MCB^TMV BL B@YBHBCAKAB@TE Q DASIVRTMVLE Sá rbmlastm, ym `e tab`bs 6> mýes, pbre bste `e sag`aiacm qub `e pubdms dasirutmr. Lm vbhbz bs u` bscmló` kís b` lm vadm de`db lm bxpbrab`cam y lm smfadurëm milerm`, mcbptm bstb `ubve rel b a`tb`tm smcmrlb bl kíxake pmrtade.

^ELËTACMS Q VBCRVSES SECAMLBS Q SM@ATMVAES Bl tbk bkm m db dbll b`vb b`vbhb hbccak akab ab`t `te e db lm pe pefl flmc mcaaó` bs u` u`m m db lms pr pra` a`ca capm pmlb lbss prbecupmcae`bs caudmdm`ms, pelëtacms y sm`atmrams db les gefabr`es db les pmësbs a`dustramlazmdes. Lms da`íkacms pelëtacms db cmdm ceku`admd tab`b` qub prbvbr qub lm dbkm`dm db lm msastb`cam m lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs arí b` mukb`te, le qub mibctm mib ctmrí rí m les daibrb` daibrb`tbs tbs `av `avblb blbss db mtb`ca mtb`caó` ó` secaesm secaesm`at `atmra mraes es db les sbr sbrvaca vacaes es pøflaces y pravmdes. Bs `bcbsmrae myudmr m qub lm pbrse`m kmyer km`tb`gm su a`dbpb`db`cam bl kmye km yerr tatabk bkpe pe pe pesa safl flb b y, cu cum` m`de de sb sbm m `b `bcbs cbsmra mrae, e, pr prep eperc ercae ae`m `mrr msas msastb tb`ca `cam m y pretbccaó`, sabkprb rbspbtm`de su mute`ekëm y dag`admd. Lms kbdadms db smlud pøflacm qub sb tekb` dbfb` gmrm`tazmr bl b`vbhbcakab`te mctave y smludmflb. Lms bstrmtbgams pmrm mlcm`zmr bstb efhbtave bkpabzm` per lm blaka`mcaó` db efstícules qub lakatm` lm pmrtacapmcaó` db lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs, lm prekecaó` db ce`ductms qub kbherm` su cmpmcadmd iu`cae`ml, y lm prbvb`caó` y trmtmkab`te db b`ibrkbdmdbs cró`acms pmrm msbgurmr lm dag`admd b` lm øltakm btmpm db lm vadm.

B` bl dasbýe db pelëtacms, bstrmtbgams y pregrmkms bxastb` daibrb`tbs bsibrms db mccaó`8 

 Mdmptmr les sastbkms db smlud m lms peflmcae`bs db bdmd mvm`zmdm m lms qub mtab mt ab`db `db`, `, cr crbm` bm`de de sbr sbrva vaca caes es qub qub pr prep eperc ercae ae`b `b` ` u` u`m m mt mtb`c b`caó aó` ` a` a`tb tbgrm grmdm dm y cb cb`t `trmd rmdm, m, gm gmrm rm`t `taz azm` m`de de su mccbs mccbse e y msb msbgu gurm rm`d `de e u` bq bqua uape pe db pbr pbrse se`ml `ml sm`atmrae sestb`aflb y dbfadmkb`tb cmpmcatmde.

=1

 



Bstmflbcbr sastbkms db cuadmdes m lmrge plmze sb`tm`de lms fmsbs `bcbsmrams, crbm`d crb m`de, e, km km`t `tb` b`ab ab`d `de e y ms msbg bgurm urm`d `de e su cm cmlaladm dmd d (a (a`c `clu luyb yb`de `de pmrm pmrm blle blle lm ierkmcaó` y bducmcaó` m les cuadmderbs).

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Crbmr b`ter`es mdmptmdes m lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs qub myudb` m cekfmtar lm dascraka`mcaó` per ketaves db bdmd, qub prepacab` lm mute`ekëm y mpeyb` bl b`vb b` vbhb hbca caka kab` b`te te sm smlu ludm dmfl flb b b` te tedm dmss lm lmss pe pelëlëtatacm cmss y m te tedes des le less `avbl `avblbs bs db gefabr`e.

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Kbhermr lm kbdacaó` y lm ke`aterazmcaó`, pmrm le qub bs `bcbsmrae mcerdmr  a` a`dac dacmde mderbs rbs,, kb kbda dadm dmss y b`i b`ieq equbs ubs m` m`ml mlët ëtac aces es rb rblm lmtataves ves ml b` b`vb vbhb hbca caka kab` b`te te smludmflb y smfbr kís mcbrcm db lm smlud y lms `bcbsadmdbs db lms peflmcae`bs kmyerbs.

Lms pra`capmlbs vb`tmhms db lm mdepcaó` db tedms bstms kbdadms se` lm prekecaó` db lm dag`admd b` lm vbhbz, lm rbduccaó` db lms jespatmlazmcae`bs y db les cestbs msecamdes, lm daska`ucaó` db lm pefrbzm, lm kbherm db lm cmladmd db lm msastb`cam y lm cmladmd db vadm, lm kbherm db les cuadmdes b` cmses db dbkb`cam y, b` gb`brml, db les cuadmdes ml ia`ml db lm vadm.  Msë pubs, lm prekecaó` y bl áxate db lms mctumcae`bs pmrm p mrm y ce` les kmyerbs dbfb` fmsmrsb b` bl rbce`ecakab`te db su pretmge`aske, dbfb` plm`tbmr lm `bcbsadmd db petb`camr y bqualafrmr lm rbspe`smfaladmd pbrse`ml, les b`ter`es mdbcumdes y lm selaladm se dmra radm dmd d a` a`tb tbrg rgb` b`br brmca mcae` e`ml ml.. ^m ^mrm rm bl blle le,, dbf dbfb b bxas bxastatarr u` u`m m rb rbspe spe`s `smf mfalalad admd md cekpmrtadm b`trb lm pbrse`m y lm secabdmd. Sóle msë ce`sbguarbkes qub, b` bl iuture, lm vbhbz sbm ce`sadbrmdm ceke u` vmler pmrm lm peflmcaó`.

6>

 

CE@CLRSAÓ@8 B` lm secabdmd mctuml, cmdm vbz kís, `es prbecupmkes db le qub llmkmkes vadm smludmflb db les kmyerbs. Jey b` dëm, bl mukb`te dbl `økbre db pbrse`ms kmyerbs pe`b db km`aiabste preflbkms kádaces, átaces, psacelógaces, secamlbs y bce`ókaces qub dbfb` sbr efhbte db u` bxmkb` b` preiu`dadmd. Lm a`vbstagmcaó` b` bstes íkfates myudmrí m gb`brmr rbspubstms cejbrb`tbs, biacmcbs y vamflbs. Bl b`vbhbcakab`te smludmflb, ce`vab`b prbpmrmrle m le lmrge db tedm lm vadm. Lms ierkms sm`ms db vadm myudmrí myudmrí` ` m les a`davadues a`davadues m km`tb km`tb`br `br su mute`e mute`ekëm. këm. ^er le qub lm smlud bstí a`trë`sbcmkb`tb msecamdm m les bstales db vadm qub sb blagb`. Lm cmladmd db vadm db lm pbrse`m kmyer, bs darbctmkb`tb prepercae`ml m lm cmladmd db vadm dbsdb lm cu`m. Bl iertmlbcakab`te db les rbcurses ceg`ataves, mibctaves, bhbcutaves, iësaces, b`trb etres, etr es, db les kmy kmyerbs erbs lbs myu myudm dm m b`i b`irb`t rb`tmrsb mrsb m lms a`b a`bvat vatmfl mflbs bs lak lakatm atmcae cae`bs `bs ce`ilactes, irustrmcae`bs, y bsiubrzes m qub sb vbrí` a`bvatmflbkb`tb bxpubstes. B` le less øl øltatake kess mý mýes es,, bst bstmk mkes es vava vavab` b`de de u` cmk cmkfa fae e b` lm tr trmda mdaca cae`m e`mll vasa vasaó` ó` y ce`cbptumlazmcaó` dbl precbse db b`vbhbcbr, qub sb bkpabzm m dbslagmr db lm akmgb` db pmsmr m sbr u`m “cmrgm akpreductavm‛ pmrm va`culmrsb ce` bl ce`cbpte db vavar u` preybcte db vadm mctave. Sab`de qub les ^regrmkms db a`tbrvb`caó` cb`trmdes b` lm pbrse`m rbsultm` kuy biacmcbs pmrm u`m kmyer cmladmd db vadm.

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VBIBVB@CAMS x =. Lbo Lboub ub KCM. KCM. Cu Curse rse Mt Mtb`c b`caó aó` ` ml pm pmca cab` b`tb tb ir iríg ígalal.. Tb Tbkm km =. Cmrmc Cmrmctb tbrë rëst stac acms ms gb`brmlbs dbl b`vbhbcakab`te y lms pbrse`ms kmyerbs. _E`la`b[.? 6>=: _catbd 6>6= =6 >1. Mvm Mvmalm almflb flb ire irek8 k8 jtt jttps8 ps8// //www. www.bli blimrkm mrkmcbu cbutac tace.b e.bs/t s/tb`db b`db`ca `cams/ ms/tbtba`tbrbsm/cmrmctbrastacms-gb`brmlbs-dbl-b`vbhbcakab`te-y-lms-pbrse`mskmyerbsU=>:79:U=>6.jtkl. 6. Ge Gefa fabr br`e `e MFyF MFyF@( @(dS dS^d ^d.. Guëm Guëm pmrm pmrm bl b` b`vb vbhb hbca caka kab` b`te te mcta mctave ve y sml smlud udmf mflb lb.. _E`la`b[.?

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jttps8//www.blra`ce`dblcuadmder.bs/psacelegam/=>-ce`sbhes-pmrm-b`vbhbcbr-dbierkm-smludmflb. 4. M. H. B@Y B@YBHB BHBCAK CAKAB@ AB@TE TE SMLRDM SMLRDMFLB FLB.. .. _E` _E`la` la`b[. b[.?? 6>=4 _catbd _catbd 6>6 6>6= = =6 >1.  Mvmalmflb irek8 jttps8//www.rbdmlyc.erg/pdi/341:/341:2=71=>22.pdi. jttps8//www.rbdmlyc.erg/pdi/341:/341:2=71=>22.pdi. x

66

 

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