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Ubkkncrl Trãjnel

5

I–Lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul

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Il ebgtlxtl, ils e`crls lt ils tlgfngels Gluj lgolux lt fãs pbur ils lgtrlprcsls ä i–`brczbg 8484 > - Xãcgvlgtlr ils kbfàils f–nncrls… bu fcspnrnçtrl ! 8 - Kuipiclr ils pnrtlgnrcnts ? slui bg gl plut pius rclg ! 5 - Xlplgslr i–brangcsnbg pbur kclux cggbvlr 6 - Znibrcslr ils fbggãls lt erãlr in ebgngel < - Knçtrcslr ils gbuvlnux rcsquls gukãrcquls : - Trbkbuvbcr ug enfrl ràailklgtncrl lt gbrknj nfnptã 1 - Fãvlibpplr in euiturl gukãrcqul fls jlkkls lt fls `bkkls 0 - Nrlr lt fãicslr ils klciilurs tnilgts 3 - Xlgjbrelr il l-ilnflrs`cp fls fcrcalngts

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Jncrl fl in jbgebg UC ug netlur knolur fl in trngsjbrknbg

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Tbsnel

5 >6 >0 88 8: 54 55 5: 64 66

gukãrcqul

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Lgtrlprcsls klkhrls fu ECAXLJ Vlrkcgbibacl ECAXLJ lt puhicenbgs Hchicbarnp`cl Lspnels ECAXLJ I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

:> :6 :< :1 :3

 

Trãjnel Il ECAXLJ lst ugl nssbecnbg erããl lg >314. Ci rlarbupl pràs fl >64 arngfls lgtrlprcsls  lgtrlprcsls  lt brangcskls jrngáncs fngs tbus ils sletlurs Tnseni Hunrf f–nevctã f– nevctã (hngqul, nssurngel, nssurngel, ãglracl, fcstrch fcstrchu ubg, bg, Trãscflgt fu ECAXLJ  Trãscflgt Trãscfl gt f–Nxn f–Nxn Vle`gbibay cgfustrcl, slrvcels…) ncgsc qul fngs in sp`àrl Ulrvcels puhicqul. Gbtrl Xãslnu fl Arngfls Lgtrlprcsls n pbur kcsscbg fl « Trbkbuvbcr in euiturl gukãrcqul ebkkl sburel f–cggbvnbg lt fl plrjbrkngel  ½ lt pbur nkhcbg f–ïtrl « ug enrrljbur f–cgjbrknbgs, f–cgjbrknb gs, fl rãlxcbgs, f–ãe`ngals f–ãe`ngals lt f– f–brclgtnbgs brclgtnbgs sur i–lgtrlprcsl i– lgtrlprcsl nu eŕur fu kbgfl gukãrcqul ½. In rãlxcbg fu ECAXLJ sur in gãelssncrl trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul fl gbs lgtrlprcsls s–cgserct fngs ug ibga ebgguuk quc n fãhutã ä i–beenscbg i–beenscbg fl gbtrl 64àkl nggcvlrsncrl lg 84>4. Ci s–lst neebkpnagã fl in pnrubg f–ug prlkclr buvrnal « I–lgtrlprcsl gukãrcqul ? quliils strntãacls pbur 84>5, fngs gbtrl slebgf buvrnal « Lgtrlprcsls lt Euiturl  Euiturl  Gukãrcqul   ½, gbus fãercvcbgs ils nsplets cgtngachils f–ugl euiturl Gukãrcqul quc ebkprlgf fls vnilurs, fls ebkpbrtlklgts, fls erbyngels lt fls prnquls lgeburnaãls ckpicectlklgt bu lxpicectlklgt, lg nfãqunbg nvle ils lxcalgels fu gukãrcqul nu slcg f–ugl lgtrlprcsl. Gbus cgfcqucbgs qul « in euiturl gukãrcqul sl enrnetãrcsl pnr in ebgngel, vnilur elgtrnil elgtrn il fngs ug kbgfl ebkpilxl lt kbuvngt, pnr fl gbuvlnux kbfls fl kngnalklgt jbgfãs sur ils ãe`ngals `brczbgtnux `brczbgtnux lt in prbfuebg fl iclgs, in rlebggncssngel pnr ils pncrs, hnsãl sur in ebkpãtlgel piutöt qul sur il rnga `cãrnre`cqul, ug rlsplet fu frbct ä i–lrrlur, ugl il trnvnci  ½.  ½. vnibrcsnbg fls cgfcvcfus lt ugl jbrkl fl eb`ãscbg fngs Nuoburf–`uc, ell gbuvliil puhicenbg jnct in sygt`àsl fls cfãls lt ebgtrchubgs fl gbs >53 lgtrlprcsls klkhrls. Flsgãl nux Fcrcalngts lt nux ebiinhbrntlurs fl gbs lgtrlprcsls, liil n pbur nkhcbg fl ebgstrucrl ugl vcscbg fls lgolux strntãacquls lt kngnaãrcnux nuxqulis slrn ebgjrbgtãl i–lgtrlprcsl ä i–`brczbg 8484, lt fls fãs qu–liil nurn ä rlilvlr. Ell rlprãslgtnbg ãinhbrãl pnrr fls rãsuitnts fu prbarnkkl CUF fl in pnrtnaãl CUF fl Jbgfnbgn ãtã ECAXLJ ECAXLJ, , kncs änussc fls rnppbrts cssus rnppbrts  cssus fls arbupls fl trnvnci fu ECAXLJ, ECAXLJ, fls ebgtrchubgs fls f ls FUC lt fl eliils fl i–ãebsystàkl ibrs fls fcãrlgts rlgflz-vbus nggulis f–ãe`ngals. Lgg, ell rlprãslgtnbg pnrtnaãl s–nppucl sur in scgauinrctã fu ECAXLJ, e–lst-ä-fcrl in scgauinrctã fu rlanrf fl in Jbgebg UC sur i–lgtrlprcsl. E–lst pburqubc el fbeuklgt lst ebgstruct lg flux pnrls. In prlkcàrl pnrl prãslgtl i–Lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul lg cflgngt ? 6 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

- ä in jbcs ils lgolux, e–lst-ä-fcrl el qul i–bg plut anaglr bu plrfrl lg jncsngt bu lg ãvctngt fl jncrl quliqul e`bsl, susectãs pnr il gukãrcqul pbur i–lgtrlprcsl 8484 = - kncs ãanilklgt ils fãs, e–lst-ä-fcrl e–lst-ä-fcrl ug lgslkhil f–bhstneils f–bhstneils qu–ci jnut jrnge`cr pbur nlcgfrl ug elrtncg bholej, qul elin sbuiàvl pbur ils fcrcalngts. In fluxcàkl pnrl lst ebgsnerãl ä in ebgtrchubg fl in Jbgebg UC ä in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl. Lg llt, sc ils lgolux fãercts, quc pbrtlgt sur fls prbhiãknquls tliils qul i–cggbvnbg buvlrtl, ils fbggãls, in ebiinhbrnbg, ils ebkpãtlgels bu lgebrl in sãeurctã, sbgt hclgs fls lgolux trngsvlrsls pbur i–lgtrlprcsl, cis g–lg nppliilgt pns kbcgs fls rãpbgsls lt fls ebgtrchubgs fl in Jbgebg UC. Lt ci lst fl gbtrl flvbcr, lgtrlprlglurcni lt sbecãtni, fl sncscr ils bppbrtugctãs pbur klglr ä hclg i–lgtrlprcsl vlrs i–àrl gukãrcqul. Fàs ibrs, lg qunictã fl Fcrcalngts, sbkkls-gbus lg klsurl fl pbslr ug rlanrf iuecfl lt ãeincrã sur i–ckpnet qul els lgolux lt fãs nurbgt nu slcg fl gbs lgtrlprcsl lgtrlprcslss ä 8484 2 Nu ECAXLJ, gbus sbkkls ebgvncgeus qul plgslr in trngscbg gukãrcqul fl gbs lgtrlprcsls ä 8484, e–lst fàs nuoburf–`uc ? • snvbcr `nrkbgcslr vctlssl, cggbvnbg lt lenectã ebiilevl = • pbuvbcr ebgeciclr plrjbrkngel ãebgbkcqul lt lgvcrbgglklgt brangcsnbggli = • vbuibcr kbhcicslr ils vnilurs f–lganalklgt, fl ebbpãrnbg lt fl ebgngel. Tnseni Hunrf GH/ Elt buvrnal vclgt ãanilklgt ebkpiãtlr ils trnvnux qul il ECAXLJ n rãelkklgt klgãs nvle i–CJN (Cgstut (Cgstut Jrngáncs fls Nfkcgcstrntlurs) Nfkcgcstrntlurs) lg vul fl kclux npprã`lgflr ils bppbrtugctãs lt ils rcsquls nssbecãs nu gukãrcqul ! gukãrcqul !

Lgolux lt Fãjs

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: I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

I–Lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl i–àrl fu gukãrcqu gukãrcqul l Ell prlkcàrl prlkcàrl pnrl lst ebgsner ebgsnerãl ãl nux lgolux icãs nu gukãrcqul pbur i–Lgtrlprcsl 8484 lt ils fãs qul ils fcrcalngts fbcvlgt rlilvlr. Ng fl ebkprlgfrl ils lgolux lt ils fãs qul in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul pbsl f–brls lt fãoä ä gbs lgtrlprcsls lt quc jnábgglrbgt gbs brangcsnbgs ä i–`brczbg 8484, ci lst lsslgli f–nvbcr f–nhbrf ä i–lsprct quliquls pbcgts fl rlpàrl.

1 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Il ebgtlxtl,

ils e`crls lt ils tlgfngels Flux jbcs pius fl fbggãls bgt ãtã prbfuctls nu eburs fl els flux flrgcàrls nggãls qul flpucs il fãhut fl i–`ukngctã ! \g kbgfl fl pius lg pius ebggletã

Bg ebkptl nuoburf–`uc pius fl flux kciicnrfs f–cgtlrgnutls (ebgtrl sluilklgt slczl kciicbgs lg >33 kciicnrfs fl ebkptls sur fls rãslnux sbecnux (fbgt ug kciicnrf sur Jnelhbbm, 68< kciicbgs sur Vwclr), 34 kciicnrfs f–l-kncis lt 58< kciicbgs fl p`btbs sbgt ãe`ngaãs e`nqul obur. \g jbcsbgglklgt fl fbggãls

Flux jbcs pius fl fbggãls bgt ãtã prbfuctls nu eburs fl els flux flrgcàrls nggãls qul flpucs il fãhut fl i–`ukngctã. \gl trngsjbrknbg fl i–neeàs nux snvbcrs E`nqul obur, pius f–ug kciicnrf fl rle`lre`ls sbgt lletuãls sur 0

Abbail. I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Fls gbuvliils jrbgàrls pbur il kngnalklgt f–lgtrlprcsl \gl elgtncgl fl gbuvliils nppicenbgs sur Cgtlrglt nppnrncsslgt e`nqul obur. \gl ecvcicsnbg fu rcsqul 155 brfcgntlurs pbrtnhils sbgt plrfus, vbiãs bu buhicãs ä Xbcssy E`nrils fl Anuil pnr slkncgl, 8 pnr obur fngs il trncg Tnrcs-Hruxliils. Tnrcs-Hruxliils. Ulibg il Eiuscj (Eiuh fl in Uãeurctã fl i–Cgjbrknbg i–Cgjbrknbg Jrngáncs), lg 84>5, quntrl lgtrlprcsls jrngáncsls sur fcx bgt suhc fls plrtls fl slrvcels lsslglis lt 51 % bgt ãtã vcekls fl vbis. \gl suprãknl fls Ãtnts-\gcs… Uur ils :6 lgtrlprcsls Cgtlrglt fbgt in enpctnicsnbg hburscàrl lst supãrclurl supãrclu rl ä >,< kciicnrf fl fbiinrs, sluilklgt 8 % fl ell enpctnicsnbg sbgt il jnct fl rkls lurbpãlggls, ebgtrl 05 % fl rkls nkãrcencgls. …Kncs fls ntbuts pbur in Jrngel I–ãfcbg 84>6 fu einsslklgt Jbrhls ebgsnerl `uct lgtrlprcsls jrngáncsls pnrkc ils elgt pius cggbvngtls fu kbgfl. Uur ils elgt prlkcàrls lgtrlprcsls kbgfcnils kbgfcnil s lg tlrkls fl EN, bgzl sbgt jrngáncsls. Ils arngfls lgtrlprcsls lkpibclgt pius flfl 5,1ilur kciicbgs fl sninrcãs ä i–ãtrngalr lt yjrngáncsls rãnicslgt pius fl in kbcã nevctã. « Lg 84>5, pbur in 6àkl nggãl ebgsãeuvl, in Jrngel lst in gnbg in kclux rlprãslgtãl fngs il « Flibcl Jnst 4 ngs 2 Cgvlsr fngs il rlfrlsslklgt ãebgbkcqul. Xnppbrt t`ãknqul, Oucg 84>6. p. 8>. >

Lgolux lt Fãjs

3

 

Tnr nciilurs, lg 84>5, 1> % fls Jrngáncs pbssãfnclgt ug brfcgntlur pbrtnhil, 4 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Ils tlgfngels tle`gbibacquls ? il gukãrcqul erãl fls rupturls knolurls Fl gbkhrlux enhcglts fl ebgslci lt lxplrts cflglgt, e`nqul nggãl, ils tle`gbibacls quc erãlrbgt fls rupturls. Gbus nvbgs e`bcsc fl gbus jbenicslr sur ils fbuzl tle`gbibacls fcsrupvls cflgãls >8 tle`gbibacls pnr il enhcglt KeMcgsly. Els tle`gbibacls bgt ãtã ouaãls fcsrupvls fcsrupvls fu jnct fl ilur ãvbiubg rnpcfl, fu inral puhice qu–liils ebgelrglgt, fu e`ngalklgt qu–liils lgtrnçglgt fngs ils kbfls fl vcl lt fl trnvnci lt fl ilur pbtlgli fl erãnbg fl rce`lssl ? ncgsc, i–ckpnet sur i–ãebgbkcl fl els fbuzl tle`gbibacls slrnct fl >6 ä 55 444 kciicnrfs fl fbiinrs pnr nggãl  ousqu–lg  ousqu– lg 848> Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

i–cgjbrknqul ebgtlxtunicsãl, in « ankcenbg ½, ils fãebuvlrtls lt tle`gbibacls bplg sburel, in plrsbggnicsnbg prãfcevl, il Eibuf   plrsbggli, in rlebggncssngel alstuliil, in huscglss cgtliicalgel  lg tlkps rãli… Kncs, kïkl sc els tlgfngels tle`gbibacquls sbgt aãgãrnilklgt ebgscfãrãls pnr ils lxplrts ebkkl fbtãls f–ug pbtlgli fl erãnbg fl rce`lssl, fls cgelrtufls flklurlg flklurlgtt ? •  Ils cggbvnbgs icãls nux gbuvliils tle`gbibacls sbulgfrbgtliils vrncklgt in erbcssngel fu f u TCH lt i–lkpibc i–lkpibc 2 Uur el flrgclr flrg clr pbcgt, ils ngniysls fcvlralgt. •  Ebkklgt aãrlr lg pnreuiclr in tlgscbg lgtrl fls tèe`ls nutbknsnhils quc gl slrbgt pius lletuãls pnr fls `ukncgs `uknc gs lt ugl jrnebg f‐lkpibcs tràs qunicãs pbur fls cgfcvcfus quc knçtrcslgt il inganal cgjbrknqul lt i–ngniysl fls fbggãls 2

>8 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Gluj lgolux lt fãs pbur ils lgtr lgtrlprcsls lprcsls

ä i–`brczbg 8484

>5 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Xãcgvlgtlr Xãcgvlg tlr ils kbfàils f– f–nncrls… nncrls… >

bu fcspnrnçtrl ! Il rcsqul fl fcspnrnçtrl, pbur ugl lgtrlprcsl, g–n onkncs ãtã nussc prãslgt !

Il ebgtlxtl ? ugl fãstnhcicsnbg fls lgtrlprcsls Ils tle`gbibacls bgt ebgscfãrnhilklgt nhncssã ils hnrrcàrls ä i–lgtrãl sur ils knre`ãs lt il fãvlibpplklgt fls kbfàils fl arntuctã bgt jnvbrcsã i–ãklralgel fl kbfàils f–nncrls vlgus fãstnhcicslr ils pbscbgs nequcsls pnr ils netlurs `cstbrcquls fngs in piupnrt fls sletlurs. Fl jnct, ä i–àrl gukãrcqul, ils npprbe`ls lxcstngtls pbur ãinhbrlr lt fãercrl ils kbfàils f–nncrls gl sbgt pius nfnptãls nux gbuvlnux kbfàils f–lgtrlprcsls. Ils tle`gbibacls lt ils slrvcels flvclgglgt bhsbiàtls pius rnpcflklgt qul pnr il pnssã, ils ebgsbkkntlurs piãhcsectlgt i–cggbvnbg lt i–lxpãrclgel eiclgt, il hlsbcg f–nacictã pàsl sur ils enpnectãs fl prbfuebg lt ils systàkls f–cgjbrknbg, in ebbpãrnbg flvclgt cgebgtburgnhil… Fngs el ebgtlxtl kbuvngt, il rcsqul fl fcspnrnçtrl, pbur ugl lgtrlprcsl, g–n onkncs ãtã nussc prãslgt ? e–lst f–nciilurs el quc kbvl in ebiinhbrnbg lt ils niicngels lgtrl fls netlurs sbuvlgt ebgeurrlgts.

>6 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

In ebbpãbg nact ebkkl ug ngfbtl jnel nu pãrci fl fãeicg quc klgnel ils lgtrlprcsls, quliil qul sbct ilur tnciil. El ebgtlxtl ousl ugl rãlxcbg sur i–cflgenbg fls jbrels lt fls jnchilssls fls arngfls brangcsnbgs pnr rnppbrt ä ilurs ebgeurrlgts. Ä i–`brczbg 8484, in enpnectã ä rlgbuvlilr sbg kbfàil f–nncrls slrn fãtlrkcgngtl pbur in erbcssngel lt in rlgtnhcictã fls arngfls lgtrlprcsls.

Ils lgolux ? enpctnicslr sur ils fbggãls lt jnvbrcslr i–lxpãrclgel i– lxpãrclgel eiclgt Ils fbggãls

Ils fbggãls ebgstulgt i–br gbcr flarngfls flkncg. Kncs, slibg il enhcglt Anrtglr, 0< % fls pius brangcsnbgs ebgstulgt i–i–br br fu einsslklgt Jbrtugl < Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Ils fãs ? sl fcãrlgeclr lt cggbvlr • Ebkprlgfrl ? ci lst jbgfnklgtni fl hclg nssckcilr ils kbfàils fl sls ebgeurrlgts lt ils strntãacls fls netlurs fu gukãrcqul, els flrgclrs ãtngt nutngt fls klgnels pbtlgliilss qul fl pucssngts ilvclrs fl fãvlibpplk pbtlgliil fãvlibpplklgt. lgt. • Vrngsjbrklr ? ils arngfs arbupls, surtbut s–cis sbgt ãebgbkcqulklgt pucssngts, ãprbuvlgt sbuvlgt fls fceuitãs ä trngsjbrklr ilur brangcsnbg lt ä cgtãarlr i–cggbvnbg, fu jnct fl ilur ebkpilxctã. • Ãebutlr Ãebutlr ?  ? ngecplr ils hlsbcgs fls ebgsbkkntlurs lt prcvciãaclr i–lxpãrclgel eiclgt suppbslgt fl jncrl ãvbiulr ils kbfàils f–nncrls lg plrknglgel, ng fl fãvlibpplr i–nacictã fl i–lgtrlprcsl. • U–niiclr ? erãlr fls pnrtlgnrcnts strntãacquls nvle i–ãebsystàkl fl i–lgtrlprcsl, lg pnreuiclr ils jburgcsslurs, neeãiàrl ils prbelssus f–cggbvnbg lt fl rãfuebg fu kl tb knrmlt . • Noustlr Noustlr ?  ? in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul fbct prlgfrl lg ebkptl il ebgtlxtl lt ils lgolux kãlrs fl i–lgtrlprcsl. • Cggbvlr Cggbvlr ? ? il snvbcr-jncrl jrngáncs lg tlrkls fl fãvlibpplklgt fãvlibpplkl gt fl ibaceclis plut flvlgcr fl pius lg pius strntãacqul pbur i–lgtrlprcsl.

>: I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil fl kbfàil f–nncrls fngs ug lspnel gukãrcqul ? ZCUBX Bknr N. Li Unwy lt Jrngecs Tlrlcrn, flux ãebgbkcstls fl i–\gcvlrsctã fl Enicjbrgcl fu Uuf, nrklgt qul ils npprbe`ls lxcstngtls pbur fãercrl fls kbfàils f–nncrls gl sbgt pns nfnptãls nux gbuvlnux kbfàils f–lgtrlprcsls f–lgtrlprcsls gukãrcquls. gukãrc quls. Cis prbpbslgt ug gbuvlnu enfrl fl rãjãrlgel nfnptã ä el ebgtlxtl gukãrcqul, quc n ãtã fãtnciiã fngs ug rnppbrt fl rle`lre`l puhicã pnr in Jbgfnbg ECAXLJ. Il kbfàil ZCUBX ebkpbrtl ecgq ãiãklgts ? \gl prbpbscbg fl Znilur ? Znilur ? cflglr in vnilur jburgcl nu eiclgt gni, kïkl sc i–lgtrlprcsl g–lst qu–ug knciibg f–ugl e`nçgl pius vnstl. \gl Cgtlrjnel ? Cgtlrjnel ? pbur jnecictlr i–usnal, in sckpicectã lt il enrnetàrl prnqul prnq ul fls prbfucts lt slrvcels. \gl pintljbrkl fl Ulrvcels ? e–lst e–lst il « tlrrncg fl olu ½ sur ilquli ilq uli ils pnrtlgncrls vbgt ebiinhbrlr, iä bó in vnilur slrn nsslkhiãl lt bó ils ebgsbkkntlurs neeàflrbgt ä ugl prbpbscbg fl vnilur. \g kbfàil f–Brangcsnbg ? f–Brangcsnbg ? ebkprlgfrl lg qubc i–lgtrlprcsl lst fãplgfngtl fls nutrls. \g kbfàil fl Xlvlgus ? cflglr ils prãjãrlgels fls uicsntlurs uics ntlurs lt ils prcx qul ils ebgsbkkntlurs sbgt prïts ä pnylr. \g kbfàil f–nncrls rãussc lst eliuc quc pnrvclgt ä nicaglr ils fcãrlgts ebkpbsngts  ebkpbsngts  fl ZCUBX, fl jnábg ä jburgcr in klciilurl prbpbscbg fl vnilur, eliil quc neerbçt in vbibgtã fl pnylr fl in echil fl eiclgts vcsãl, tbut lg fckcgungt ils ebýts gãelssncrls pbur jburgcr ils slrvcels prbpbsãs. Lgolux lt Fãjs

>1

 

Kuipiclr ils pnrtlgnrcnts ? 8

slui bg gl plut pius rclg ! I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 slrn ugl brangcsnbg tbtnilklgt ckhrcquãl nu slcg f–ug ãebsystàkl fngs ilquli fl gbuvlnux pnrtlgnrcnts strntãacqu strntãacquls ls lt fls niicngels sl gbulgt, nussc hclg nvle ils eiclgts, ils jburgcsslurs qul ils ebgeurrlgts !

Il ebgtlxtl ? ugl trngsjbrknbg prbjbgfl fl i–ãebsystàkl In kuipicenbg fls lspnels fl erãnbg fl vnilur ebgstul ugl tlgfngel iburfl pbrtãl pnr il gukãrcqul. Eliuc-ec nkàgl ils lgtrlprcsls ä s–buvrcr, fu jnct fl in fãkuipicenbg fls cgtlrnebgs plrkcsls pnr in kbhcictã, ils acslklgts fl fbggãls, ils bholts ebggletãs... Ell lxcalgel nux lgtrlprcsls lgtrlprc sls fl rlplgslr ilurs strntãacls f–niicngels f–niicngels nu slcg flckpbsl ilur ãebsystàkl. Elt ãebsystàkl lst tràs ãtlgfu, nvle ugl kuipicectã f–netlurs ? ils ANJN (Abbail, Nppil, Jnelhbbm, Nknzbg), ils stnrt-ups, ils TKL cggbvngtls, ils ebkkugnutãs, ils eiclgts, ils ebiinhbrntlurs, ils nutblgtrlprlglurs, ils jburgcsslurs, ils pbuvbcrs puhices lt ils cgstubgs pbicquls, ils ebiilevctãs ibenils, ils brangcskls fl rãauinbg, ils cgstngels cgtlrgnbgnils... >0 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 slrn fbge ugl brangcsnbg tbtnilklgt ckhrcquãl nu slcg f–ug ãebsystàkl fngs ilquli fl gbuvlnux pnrtlgnrcnts strntãacquls lt fls niicngels sl gbulgt, nussc hclg nvle ils eiclgts, ils jburgcsslurs qul ils ebgeurrlgts. Ä i–àrl fu « eb-quliqul e`bsl ½, ugl lgtrlprcsl gl plut pius rãusscr sluil sur sbg knre`ã, gbtnkklgt lg rncsbg fl in rnpcfctã f–nppnrcbg fl gbuvlnux kbfàils f–nncrls, fl ebgeurrlgts « vlgus fl guiil pnrt ½ lt fu rlgbuvliilklgt neeãiãrã fls tle`gbibacls.

Ils lgolux ? ngecplr lt s–niiclr  Ngecplr i–ãvbiubg fls fcãrlgts netlurs

In knçtrcsl fl i–ãebsystàkl pnssl pnr ugl ngecpnbg fl i–ãvbiubg fls fcãrlgts netlurs quc il ebkpbsl ? ils netlurs fls kãlrs trnfcbgglis fl i–cgjbrknqul gl sbgt pns gãelssncrlklgt elux fl i–ãebsystàkl netuli, gc, f–nciilurs, fl eliuc fl flkncg. Elrtncgs fcspnrnçtrbgt bu juscbgglrbgt, juscbggl rbgt, f–nutrls f–nutrls ãklralrbgt, hlnuebup hlnu ebup s–niiclrbgt…

Ncgsc, ãtnhicr in hbggl rlinbg nvle il hbg pnrtlgncrl, quc plut ïtrl ug jburgcsslur, ckpbsl fl pnrtnalr ebgobcgtlklgt ils bppbrtugctãs lt ils rcsquls, fl s–lganalr sur i–nlcgtl f–bholejs ebkkugs, fl pnrtnalr fl in vnilur. Lt el pnrtnal fl vnilur vcsl ä nppbrtlr quliqul e`bsl fl gbuvlnu lt fl pbscj nux pnrtlgncrls, lt cg lt  cg gl fbct gl fbct ils ncflr ä erbçtrl. Ci lst pbsschil fl klrl lg pinel fls pnrtlgnrcnts strntãacquls fàs ibrs qul i–bg n fls bholejs ebkkugs fl erãnbg fl vnilur. E–lst lg elin qul il pnrtlgnrcnt lst strntãacqul lt qu–ci lst tbut ä jnct fcãrlgt fl in rlinbg trnfcbggliil eiclgt-jburgcsslur (kïkl knolur), fngs inquliil ils pnrls sbgt icãls pnr ug ebgtrnt fl jburgcturl fl slrvcel. Ils flfu e`nqul pnrl fcàrlgtfls lt i–ãqucichrl flebgtrncrls. in rlinbg sl erãlbholejs oustlklgt jnct qul ils bholejs pnrls sbgt Lgolux lt Fãjs

>3

 

Ils fãs ? il fcnibaul lt in ebgngel • Ebiinhbrlr ? i–ug fls fãs enrnetãrcsqul fls pnrtlgnrcnts slrn fl aãrlr il pnrnfbxl lgtrl, f–ug eötã, ils rlssburels cgtlrgls (fbgt ils FUC) quc ãprbuvlgt fls fceuitãs, vbcrl sl `lurtlgt ä fls rãscstngels, ä ebiinhbrlr lt, f–ug nutrl eötã, il knre`ã, quc ckpbsl ugl ãtrbctl ebiinhbrnbg pbur kclux cggbvlr. • Fcnibaulr Fcnibaulr ?  ? ils lgtrlprcsls sbgt ebgjrbgtãls ä ug fã f–cgtlrbpãrnhcictã euiturliil fl kngcàrl ä jncrl fcnibaulr tbus ils netlurs ckpicquãs, kïkl s–cis gl pnrtnalgt pns ug inganal ebkkug. • Ãtnhicr in ebgngel ? ebgngel ? ugl rlinbg pnrtlgnrcnil rlpbsl tbuoburs sur in ebgngel. Ncgsc, ci gl s–nact pns fl « ebiinhbrlr pbur ebiinhbrlr ½, kncs fl ebiinhbrlr pbur anaglr lgslkhil, ng fl erãlr fls ebkkugnutãs quc lganalgt ils eiclgts lt ils ebiinhbrntlurs.

84 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil ? X-Icgm fl Xlgnuit X-Icgm lst il jruct f–ug pnrtlgnrcnt fl ibga tlrkl lgtrl Xlgnuit lt Vbk-Vbk. X-Icgm lst ugl tnhill kuikãfcn cgtãarãl, pcibtãl pnr ugl ebkkngfl tneil bu pnr ugl ebkkngfl vbenil ãvbiuãl. Liil rlarbupl, sur ug kïkl ãerng tneil fl 1 pbuels, pbue ls, ils fcãrlgtls jbgebgs icãls nu kuikãfcn fngs in vbcturl ? gnvcanbg, rnfcb, tãiãp`bgcl, klssnalrcl, hclg-ïtrl, ãeb-ebgfuctl. Uluil, Xlgnut g–nurnct pns pu suppbrtlr il huscglss ensl. ensl. I–cgtãrït fl Xlgnuit, lg s–niicngt nvle Vbk-Vbk ãtnct f–nuaklgtlr in vnilur nobutãl pbur sls eiclgts, fl kclux ils ebggnçtrl lt f–nkãicbrlr il gcvlnu fl slrvcel. Elt lxlkpil ciiustrl i–cfãl fl pintljbrkl fl slrvcels ? Xlgnuit n nobutã fls slrvcels ä sls prbfucts lg jnvbrcsngt i–lxpãrclgel eiclgt lt lg rãfucsngt il Vckl tb Knrmlt .

8> Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Xlplgslr i–i–brangcsnbg brangcsnbg 5

pbur kclux cggbvlr Ils lgtrlprcsls fbcvlgt niilr e`lre`lr i–cggbvnbg fngs ils usnals « fl in rul ½, s–buvrcr ä i–cgtliicalgel ebiilevl fl ilur ãebsystàkl lt gl pius rãfucrl i–cggbvnbg ä ugl pbpuinbg f–cgcãs !

Il ebgtlxtl ? knçtrcslr ils usnals Ils usnals gukãrcquls ils pius cggbvngts gl sbgt pius susectãs pnr ils lgtrlprcsls. lgtrlprcs ls. Eliils-ec fbcvlgt niilr e`lre`lr i–cggbvnbg fngs ils usnals « fl in rul ½, s–buvrcr ä i–cgtliicalgel ebiilevl fl ilur ãebsystàkl lt gl pius rãfucr rãfucrll i–cggbvnbg ä ugl pbpuinbg f–cgcãs. Ell tlgfngel iburfl, qul e`neug plut bhslrvlr nu qubfclg, hbuilvlrsl ils kbfàils brangcsnbgglis fls lgtrlprcsls. Il gukãrcqul jnvbrcsl ug jbgebgglklgt kntrcecli lt trngsvlrsni fngs i–lgtrlprcsl, bó in ebiinhbrnbg s–nvàrl cgebgtburgnhil. Kncs in ebiinhbrnbg lg cgtlrgl sl `lurtl ä fls rãscstngels cgfcvcfuliils, nux plsngtlurs brangcsnbggliils lt nux `nhctufls euiturliils.

88 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

In fceuitã ebgscstl ä rãusscr ä kcxlr ils euiturls lt ils usnals nu eŕur kïkl fls kãlrs ng fl pnrvlgcr ä cgsulr ebiinhbrnbg kuifcsecpicgncrl, aãgãrntrcel f–cggbvnbg. Ci gl jnutugl tbutljbcs pns sl trbkplr f–bholej ? in ebiinhbrnbg rlstl ug kbylg nu slrvcel f–ugl gnictã (i–cggbvnbg, in plrjbrkngel, in erãnbg fl vnilur…)..

Ils lgolux ? rljbgfrl i–brangcsnbg lt jnvbrcslr in piurcfcsecpicgnrctã U–npprbprclr ils usnals gukãrcquls iä bó cis ãklralgt U–npprbprclr

ckpbsl fl snvbcr kcxlr ils fãknre`ls f–cggbvnbg tbp-fbwg lt hbbk-up hbbk-up,, bu il erbwfsburecga erbwfsburecga   lt in X&F… gukãrcquls Br Br,, in prãpbgfãrngel fls fl s scibs lt f–ugl euiturl euit url `cãrnre`cqul fngs ils arngfls brangcsnbgs vbgt ä i–lgebgtrl fl els npprbe`ls cggbvngtls quc gãelssctlgt il fãvlibpplklgt fls fãknre`ls ebiinhbrnvls ? il rnb rcsquls/hãgãels rlstl fcecil ä ãvniulr fngs i–npprbe`l ebiinhbrnvl fàs ibrs qu–ci y n ugl plrtl fl ebgtröil pbur il kngnalr lt ugl rlfcstrchubg fu pbuvbcr. Ci jnut fbge neebkpnaglr ils usnals

i–ãqucpls i–ãvbiubg ãvbiubg fls ebkpbrtlklgts ebkpbr tlklgts lt fls prnquls lg trnvnciingt nvle fls piurcfcsecpicgncrls. piurcfcsecpicgncr ls. Ils lgolux brangcsnbgglis brangcsnbggli s sbgt icãs ä in fcsplrscbg aãbarnp`cqul lt ä in kuieuiturnictã kuieuiturn ictã fls ãqucpls ? kïkl sc ils buis gukãrcquls e`lre`lgt ä pniiclr ell fcsplrscbg, in ibenicsnbg, il tlkps fl fãpinelklgt, ils fcãrlgtls ingauls lt euiturls ebgstulgt fls pbcgts f–nlgbg.

85 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Ils fãs ? enptlr i–cggbvnbg

lt trngsjbrklr ils ebkpãtlgels • Aibhnicslr ? erãlr fls pintljbrkls fcactnils aibhnils pbur jnecictlr il trnvnci fls ãqucpls (kuignbgnils, lg sctunbg fl kbhcictã) pbur enptlr tngt i–cggbvnbg qul i–lxpãrclgel eiclgt. Els pintljbrkls gukãrcquls sbgt lsslgliils fngs in trngsjbrknbg fls brangcsnbgs. •flEnpctnicslr  sur ils rãslnux sbecnux lt ils ebkkugnutãs jngs. • Lxpãrcklgtlr ? brangcslr fls ãvàglklgts pbur cggbvlr (@nemntbg, e`niilgals fl i–cggbvnbg). • Xlebgaurlr Xlebgaurlr ? ? trngsjbrklr ils ebkpãtlgels lt nfnptlr ils rlssburels `ukncgls pbur rlebggnçtrl ils fãknre`ls ebiinhbrnvls (vnibrcsnbg, rlebggncssngel, rãtrchubg, cflgenbg fls ilnflrs), kncs nussc pbur lgenfrlr ils prnquls lt neebkpnaglr il e`ngalklgt (frbct ä in fãebgglxcbg, alsbg fu strlss, e`nrtls f–usnals…).

86 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil ? il `nemnt`bg Ubecãtã Aãgãrnil

sur ils bholts ebggletã ebggletãss

Lg betbhrl 84>6, in Ubecãtã Aãgãrnil n rãugc ugl elgtncgl fl fãvlibpplurs, flscaglrs, stnrt-ups lt ãtufcngts pbur fãjrce`lr ils usnals fls bholts ebggletãs lg knàrl fl rlinbg hngencrl kuiengni. Npràs nvbcr prãslgtã ilurs cfãls lt jbrkã ilurs ãqucpls piurcfcsecpicgncrls, piurcfcsecpicgncr ls, ils pnrecpngts bgt lu 60 `lurls pbur erãlr ilur nppicenbg. Ell cgcnvl prbibgal in fãknre`l fl eb-erãnbg cgcãl pnr in hngqul fl fãtnci Ubecãtã Aãgãrnil flpucs piusclurs nggãls, gbtnkklgt ä trnvlrs in pintljbrkl UAltvbus. In hngqul nvnct ãanilklgt brangcsã, lg knc 84>6, ug `nemnt`bg pbur « rãcgvlgtlr in FUC FU C fl flkncg ½. I– I–bholej ãtnct fl rãugcr tbutls ils ebkpãtlgels rlqucsls pbur erãlr fls nppicenbgs nkãicbrngt ils prbelssus lt il qubfclg fls fãvlibpplurs nu slcg fls FUC ? erãlr fl gbuvlnux buisilspbur ncflr ilsf–cgjbrknbg, fãvlibpplurs äjnvbrcslr ebiinhbrlr ä fcstngel, bpkcslr ãe`ngals in jbrknbg lgtrl fãvlibpplurs.

8< Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

6

Znibrcslr ils fbggãls lt erãlr in ebgngel In fbggãl lst i–br gbcr fl flkncg, elin ckpbsl nux lgtrlprcsls f–ïtrl nacils  pbur vnibrcslr lt sãeurcslr sãeurcslr elt nej nej strntãacqul strntãacqul !

Il ebgtlxtl ? enpctnicslr sur il Eibuf  lt  lt il Hca Fntn Eibuf   lt Hca Fntn  Fntn  rlprãslgtlgt i–bppbrtugctã fl erãlr fl gbuvlnux

prbfucts lt slrvcels fngs in piupnrt fls sletlurs ãebgbkcquls (sngtã, nutbkbhcil, nssurngel…). nssurngel…). Kncs cis pbslgt nussc in qulsbg eruecnil fl i–cgjbrknbg lt fl sn prbtlebg. Nvle il Eibuf ,

i–lgtrlprcsl sbrt fl sls jrbgàrls lt, fngs ell fygnkcqul, in knçtrcsl fls fbggãls ebgstul i–ugl fls eiãs fl in ebkpãvctã ? ci s–nact, fãsbrkncs, f–ãinhbrlr fls gbuvlnux kbfàils f‐nncrls nvle lt nutbur fl in fbggãl, bó qu–liil sl sctul, lt fl erãlr fl gbuvlnux prbfucts lt slrvcels ä pnrr fl sbg lxpibctnbg. Uc in fbggãl lst i–br gbcr fl flkncg, elin ckpbsl nux lgtrlprcsls f–ïtrl nacils pbur vnibrcslr lt sãeurcslr elt nej strntãacqul ? kncs ebkklgt ebgeciclr lgolux huscglss lt ãt`cqul fngs i–lxpibctnbg fls fbggãls 2 Bg sbuicagl sbuvlgt i–lgolu fl in prbtlebg fls fbggãls plrsbggliils 8:

lt fl in vcl prcvãl fngs i–lxpibctnbg ebkklrecnil fls fbggãls. I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Kncs i–lgolu ãt`cqul lst kbcgs rnne`ã ä in gbbg fl vcl prcvãl, quc lst gbbg plrsbggliils ourcfcqul, qu–ä(quc eliillst f–cgkctã. Xlspletlrtle`gcqul, in prbtlebg fls ugl fbggãls ugl prbtlebg fl suplrvcscbg, fl sãeurctã) gl sut pns ä rlspletlr il eiclgt lg tngt qu–cgfcvcfu lt ä anaglr sn ebgngel. Ci jnut ãanilklgt prbtãalr sbg cgkctã, e–lst-ä-fcrl prlgfrl lg ebkptl il eiclgt fngs sbg cgtãarctã, il trnctlr ebkkl tli lt gbg ebkkl ug prbfuct. Nuoburf–`uc, bg gl prlgf pns nsslz lg ebkptl in gãelssctã fl prbtãalr i–cgfcvcfu fu p`ãgbkàgl f–cgtruscbg fngs sbg cgkctã. Tnrlciilklgt, nvle il Hca Fntn, Fntn, in enpnectã ä ebiiletlr fls fbggãls qul i–bg gl snvnct pns enptlr ousqu–ä prãslgt (pnr lxlkpil nvle in aãbibenicsnbg), pucs p ucs in enpnectã ä ils erbcslr erbcsl r nvle f–nutrls f–nutrls cgjbrknbgs (i–nppãtlgel f–ug eiclgt pbur ug prbfuct, pnr lxlkpil), jnvbrcslgt i–cggbvnbg ebkklrecnil lt in plrsbggnicsnbg. Tnrniiàilklgt, in pbsschcictã fl trnctlr ä jnchil ebýt, lt rnpcflklgt, fls vbiukls ckpbrtngts fl fbggãls fl qunictã, fcspbgchils fngs fls jbrknts vnrcnhils, ãinract il e`nkp fls pbsschils. Fngs in klsurl bó i–nequcscbg fl els fbggãls plut s–lletulr fãsbrkncs g–ckpbrtl bó, lt prlsqul ä i–cgsu fls netlurs ebgelrgãs, ils lgolux lg knàrl fl prbtlebg fls ichlrtãs cgfcvcfuliils flvclgglgt eruecnux. Fàs ibrs, quliils sbgt ils ickctls ä gl pns fãpnsslr pbur prãslrvlr in ebgngel fls eiclgts 2 Gbus sbkkls fngs ug ebgtlxtl aãgãrnicsã \g ebgtlxtl fl fãngel, lt slibg piusclurs ãtufls rãelgtls (Brngal, aãgãrnicsã CFNVL), pius fl trbcs-qunrts fls eiclgts jbgt plu bu pns fl fãngel ebgngel fngs ils lgtrlprcsls lt jburgcsslurs quc trnctlgt lt aàrlgt ilur fbggãls plrsbggliils. \g ibga e`lkcg rlstl ä jncrl fngs el fbkncgl ! Lgolux lt Fãjs

81

 

Ils lgolux ? ebgngel lt qunictã • Kcslr sur in qunictã fls fbggãls ? i–lgtrlprcsl pburrn erãlr fl in vnilur ä pnrr fl i–lxpibctnbg i–lxpibctnbg fls fbggãls f bggãls qu– qu –ä in ebgfcbg qu– qu–liil liil kngcpuil fls fbggãls fl qunictã. • Znibrcslr Znibrcslr ils  ils acslklgts fl fbggãls strueturãls struetu rãls lt gbg strueturãls. • Erãlr in ebgngel ? ci jnut erãlr ils ebgfcbgs fl in ebgngel fngs fng s i–uicsnbg fls fbggãls (lt pius lgebrl sc liils sbgt ebiiletãls vcn fls bholts ebggletãs) = enr ci g–y n pns f–ãebgbkcl gukãrcqul sngs ebgngel, lt vlciilr ä el qul ils cgfcvcfus pucssl s–npprbprclr lt aãrlr lenelklgt cflgtã gukãrcqul. • Anrngr i–ãt`cqul ?ilur i–ãt`cqul ? e–lst e–lst il plgfngt fl in ebgngel ebgng el fngs ug kbgfl gukãrcqul. I–ãt`cqul, fngs sls ebkpbsngtls ourcfcqul lt sbecãtnil, fbct ncgsc ïtrl ebgscfãrãl ebkkl ug nej strntãacqul pbur ils lgtrlprcsls.

Ils fãs ? ãt`cqul lt lrs fl ebgngel Trbkbuvbcr fls ràails ãt`cquls pinel i–lgtrlprcsl fngs ugl sctunbg fl ancg ebkpãj (icã ãanilklgt ä sbg cknal) pnr rnppbrt ä sls ebgeurrlgts. Il prcgecpni fã slrn fl jncrl ãklralr ug systàkl fl ebgngel, anrngssngt in erãnbg fl vnilur lt i–cggbvnbg. El fã plut ïtrl anagã pnr fls npprbe`ls ebgscstngt ä ? • Linhbrlr fls e`nrtls pbur anrngr in trngspnrlgel • Jnvbrcslr ils pnrtlgnrcnts nvle ils eiclgts (lganalr ils eiclgts) • Jncrl nppli ä fls lrs fl ebgngel • Trbpbslr fls e`bcx ãeincrãs nu eiclgt • Lfuqulr lt slgschcicslr ils uicsntlur uicsntlurss 80

• Xlspletlr il enfrl iãacsinj lxcstngt kïkl s–ci lst cgnhbu • Cgstnurlr ugl abuvlrgngel nfnptãl. I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil ? Nxn lt il Aucfl fu hbg slgs

gukãrcqul

I–nssurlur Nxn n puhicã ug aucfl prnqul, rãsuitnt f–ugl fãknre`l pnrecpnvl, pnrecpnv l, klgãl sur quliquls slkncgls lg 84>5, lt quc n erbcsã fls ebgtrchubgs fl ebiinhbrntlurs, f–uicsntlurs lt f–lxplrts lxtãrclurs sur il gukãrcqul. Il Aucfl fu hbg slgs gukãrcqul rlarbupl fl gbkhrlux ebgslcis lt pbcgtsnutbur f–nlgbg pbur surjlr sur Cgtlrglt sngs fngalr, fl `uctcgfcsplgsnhils t`àkls ? - Trbtãalr sn vcl prcvãl lt sls fbggãls - Tnrnkãtrlr sls prbis prbis sur ils rãslnux sbecnux, sbecnux , usurpnbg f–cflgtã f–cfl gtã lt fãicgqungel gukãrcqul - Zãrclr in nhcictã fl i–cgjbrknbg sur Cgtlrglt - Aãrlr sn l-rãputnbg - Ebgstrucrl sn rãputnbg prbjlsscbggliil - Fãvlibpplr sn knrqul - Xlinbg lkpibylur-lkpibyã sur ils rãslnux sbecnux - Ebkklgt fbgglr ugl ãfuenbg gukãrcqul ä kls lgjngts 2

83 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Knçtrcslr ils gbuvlnux rcsquls <

gukãrcquls Vbutl jnciil knolurl plut sl trngsjbrklr lg ugl ercsl f–lgtrlprcsl, sbuvlgt arnvl  pbur i–cknal lt in plrjbrkngel bpãrnbggliil !

Il ebgtlxtl ? fls gbuvlnux rcsquls Nuoburf–`uc, ils lgtrlprcsls gl fcspbslgt qunscklgt pius fl jbgebgs lsslgliils cgfãplgfngtls fu systàkl f–cgjbrknbg ? tbutl jnciil knolurl plut sl trngsjbrklr lg ugl ercsl f–lgtrlprcsl, sbuvlgt arnvl pbur i–cknal lt in plrjbrkngel bpãrnbggliil. Il gukãrcqul lst ãvcflkklgt sburel fl rcsquls. Uc in fãkntãrcnicsnbg ils rãfuct, liil lg erãl f–nutrls. Els rcsquls gukãrcquls sbgt fcvlrs (pcrntnal, lspcbggnal, plrtl fl slrvcels lsslglis, snhbtnal, huas huas…). …). Cis cgtlrvclgglgt, pnr nciilurs, fngs ug ebgtlxtl bó prãfbkcglgt ils netlurs ngaib-snxbgs fl in sãeurctã cgjbrknqul, qu–ci s–nacssl fl ibaceclis, f–buis fl fãtlebg f–cgtruscbg, lte.

54 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Ils lgolux ? cgvls cgvlsr r pbur prãslrvlr in sãeurctã lt in ebkpãvctã Ci s–nact nvngt tbut fl rlr pnr fu gukãrcqul pbur nuaklgtlr in ebkpãvctã fls lgtrlprcsls. Ils rcsquls gukãrcquls fbcvlgt nibrs ïtrl ebgscfãrãs ä i–nugl fl in strntãacl. Uãeurctã ... Ting gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl

In sãeurctã gukãrcqul jnct pnrl cgtãarngtl fu ping gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl. Uc i–bg nfklt qul in sãeurctã fls ux lst jbgfnklgtnil pbur in ebkpãvctã fls lgtrlprcsls, i–cgvlssslklgt i–cgvlssslkl gt fngs in sãeurctã fls systàkls systàkls f–cgjbrknbg flvclgt nibrs ugl vãrctnhil prcbrctã.

Ils fãs ? slgschcicslr lt knçtrcslr • Ulgschcicslr ? lg knàrl fl sãeurctã, ils lgtrlprcsls fbcvlgt fbc vlgt trnvnciilr ä in jbcs sur ils nsplets tle`gcquls, kncs ãanilklgt sur in jbrknbg, in slgschcicsnbg slgschci csnbg lt i–cgjbrknbg fls ebiinhbrntlurs sur ils rcsquls icãs nu gukãrcqul lt ä sls usnals. • Xlgjbrelr in sbuvlrncgltã  ? fãvlibpplr ugl icàrl jrngáncsl fl in sãeurctã gukãrcqul, nvle fls ebkpãtlgels jrngáncsls lg sãeurctã, kcerbprbelsslurs lt cgjbrknqul lkhnrquãl, rlgjbrelr il ebgtröil fls lgtrlprcsls sur ils tle`gbibacls fl sãeurctã, fl pius lg pius vctnils fngs ug ebgtlxtl fl ebkpãbg ãebgbkcqul kbgfcnil.

5> Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

\g lxlkpil lxlkpil ? il slrcbus ankl « Mllp ng Lyl ½ fu ECAXLJ Nueugl pbicqul fl sãeurctã gukãrcqul, sc hclg plgsãl sbct-liil, sbct-liil, gl snurnct ïtrl lenel sngs qu–liil sbct ebggul lt pnrtnaãl pnr tbus. Tbur ebgtrchulr ä in rãussctl fl el pnrtnal, pbur qul e`neug fl gbus gl rcsqul pns fl flvlgcr il « knciibg jnchil ½ fu systàkl f–cgjbrknbg fl sbg lgtrlprcsl, il ECAXLJ n ãinhbrã ugl sbiubg iufcqul… Hnpsã « Mllp ng Lyl ½, il slrcbus ankl prbpbsl ankl prbpbsl ä e`nqul obulur fl flvlgcr « i–ngal anrfclg ½ f–ug sninrcã fl i–lgtrlprcsl. Ci il suct fngs fcãrlgts ugcvlrs ? ä sbg fbkcecil, nu hurlnu, lg vbynal… lt ci fbct i–ncflr ä prbtãalr sls fbggãls ! E`neug pburrn npprlgfrl ncgsc, lg obungt, qulis sbgt ils rcsquls gukãrcquls quc klgnelgt sbg lgtrlprcsl fngs ils sctunbgs eburngtls fl sbg ebgtlxtl prbjlsscbggli.

58 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

:

Trbkbuvbcr ug enfrl ràailklgtncrl lt gbrknj nfnptã Ils usnals nurbgt tbuoburs ug « ebup f–nvngel ½ (vbcrl piusclurs)

sur il ebrpus iãacsinj lt gbrknj !

Il ebgtlxtl ? il rltnrf fu frbct sur ils usnals Jnel ä i–neeãiãrnbg tle`gbibacqul lt nux gbuvlnux rcsquls qu–liil jnct ãklralr, ils enfrls ourcfcqul lt gbrknj s–nfnptlgt nvle ilgtlur, f–nutngt pius qul il gukãrcqul pbsl fls qulsbgs quc fãpnsslgt inralklgt il slui enfrl gnbgni. ^u–ci s–nacssl fl frbcts fl prbprcãtã cgtliiletuliil, fl in prbtlebg fls fbggãls, fl in sãeurctã, fl in ebgjbrkctã, ils tlxtls (ibcs, fcrlevls lt ràailklgts lurbpãlgs, gbrkls lt stngfnrfs cgtlrgnbgnux) sbgt gbkhrlux, s–neeukuilgt, s–nfnptlgt lt ãvbiulgt nvle hlnuebup fl fceuitãs pbur prlgfrl lg ebkptl ils gbuvlnux ebgtburs fls prnquls lt fls rcsquls gukãrcquls. Ils usnals nurbgt tbuoburs ug « ebup f–nvngel ½ (vbcrl piusclurs) sur il ebrpus iãacsinj lt gbrknj ? e`nqul tle`gbibacl ãklralgtl lt e`nqul usnal nssbecã sbuiàvlgt fl gbuvliils qulsbgs ourcfcquls lt rãailklgtncrls. 55 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Ils lgolux ? ug enfrl aibhni, il rlsplet fls ichlrtãs Tlut-bg jnvbrcslr i–ãklralgel f–ug enfrl ourcfcqul lt gbrknj aibhni, nppicenhil lg Jrngel, lt, pius inralklgt, lg Lurbpl, gbtnkklgt fngs ils fbkncgls fls frbcts fl prbprcãtã cgtliiletuliil cgtliiletuliil lt fl in vcl prcvãl 2 Fngs ils fãknre`ls fl ebiinhbrnbg (bplg (bplg cggbvnbg, erbwfsburecga erbwfsburecga…), …), bó i–nvngtnal ebkpãj lst ãp`ãkàrl, i–lgolu knolur rlstl eliuc fl in prbprcãtã cgtliiletuliil, nvle in rlkcsl lg enusl fu hclgjbgfã fu ebpyrca`t  lt  lt eliil fl in prbtlebg fl in vcl prcvãl pnr il rlgjbrelklgt fl rãailklgtnbgs fl survlciingel. Il gukãrcqul jnct ãklralr ugl tlgscbg lgtrl rãauinbg lt ichlrtã fngs in fls fàs nncrls. Lt ell fbcvlgt tlgscbg flvclgt pbur ilsebgfuctl lgtrlprcsls ibrs qu–liils nrhctrlr prbhiãknqul lgtrl rlsplet fl in vcl prcvãl lt fãvlibpplklgt f–nevctãs ebkklrecnils hnsãls sur fl gbuvlnux kbfàils f–nncrls bu sur in trngsjbrknbg fls kbfls fl kngnalklgt (kbhcictã, Eibuf …). …).

Ils fãs ? cflgtã gukãrcqul, gbrknicsnbg • Ebgtröilr ? nfrlsslr in t`ãknqul fl i–cflgtã gukãrcqul nu gcvlnu gnbgni bu pnr ils cgstngels lurbpãlggls lt gl pns in incsslr ä in sluil

56

npprãecnbg fls ANJN. • Xnssurlr ? jnvbrcslr i–ãklralgel f–ug systàkl fl ebgngel lurbpãlg i–ãklralgel lurbpãl g (Eibuf, Hca Fntn). Fntn). Tbur il rlsplet fl in vcl prcvãl, ils lgtrlprcsls flvrbgt ïtrl prbnevls lt vlciilr ä gl pns sl trngsjbrklr lg nalgt fl survlciingel fl ilurs eiclgts. • Anrngr in ebgjbrkctã fl i–lgtrlprcsl nux tlxtls rãacssngt sbg sletlur lt nux tlxtls lgenfrngt ils usnals fu gukãrcqul (aãrlr ils rcsquls fl ebgtrnfcebg, gbtnkklgt fngs il fbkncgl fu Eibuf ). ). • Ngecplr ? ils lgtrlprcsls fbcvlgt ïtrl nlgvls nux tle`gbibacls quc pburrnclgt jncrl i–bholt f–ugl gbrknicsnbg, cflglr ils nevctãs fl gbrknicsnbg plrglgtls ä sucvrl/ä rlobcgfrl lt erãlr fls iclgs lgtrl X&F lt gbrknicsnbg. I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil ? il prbolt fl ràailklgt lurbpãlg sur in prbtlebg fls fbggãls ä enrnetàrl plrsbggli In pbsschil ãvbiubg rãailklgtncrl, nu gcvlnu lurbpãlg, sur in prbtlebg fl in vcl prcvãl fngs ils prbelssus fl trnctlklgt fl fbggãls lst ugl ciiustrnbg fl in gãelssncrl nfnptnbg fu enfrl iãacsinj. El prbolt fl ràailklgt lurbpãlg sur in prbtlebg fls fbggãls cgtrbfuct cgtrbfuct ils gbbgs fl « Trcvney Hy Flscag ½ lt fl « Trcvney Ckpnet Nsslssklgt  ½.   ½. Els npprbe`ls slrbgt rlgfuls bhicantbcrls, lg t`ãbrcl, lg 84>:, fngs tbutl i–\gcbg lurbpãlggl ? • In « Trcvney hy flscag  flscag  ½ ckpbsl fl prlgfrl lg ebkptl fls nsplets icãs ä in vcl prcvãl, fàs ils gbrkls fl ebgelpbg fls buis tle`gbibacquls tle`gbiba cquls = • Il « Trcvney Ckpnet Nsslssklgt   ½ ckpbslrn nux lgtrlprcsls fl rãnicslr fls ngniysls f–ckpnets f–ckpnets sur in vcl prcvãl, qul il Fntn Trcvney Belr, kncs Belr,  kncs nussc il FUC, flvrbgt klglr prãninhilklgt ä in kcsl lg ŕuvrl tfl elrtncgs trnctlklgts ä `nuts e–lst-ä-fcrl quc ebgelrglgt ebgelrglg fls fbggãls slgschils (fl sngtã,rcsquls, lt`gcqul, pbicqul…). I–bholej lst f–ãvniulr ils rcsquls icãs ä in prbtlebg fl in vcl prcvãl fls cgfcvcfus (pnr lxlkpil fngs ils fbkncgls fu knrmlga ebkpbrtlklgtni, fl in hcbkãtrcl bu fls bholts ebggletãs).

5< Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Fãvlibpplr in euiturl gukãrcqul 1

fls jlkkls lt fls `bkkls Ils buis ebiinhbrnjs, gbtnkklgtt ils rãslnux sbecnux, jnvbrcslgt gbtnkklg in erãnvctã lt i–cggbvnbg ? cis ebgtrchulrbg ebgtrchulrbgtt nussc ä rlgjbrelr il iclg sbecni fngs i–lgtrlprcsl !

Il ebgtlxtl ? ãvctlr ugl jrneturl gukãrcqul Ils lgolux fu gukãrcqul gl sl ickctlgt pns ä in sluil qulsbg fl in ebkpãvctã fls lgtrlprcsls. Lg pnreuiclr, ci s–nact nussc, pbur ilurs fcrcalngts, f–nacr lg netlurs rlspbgsnhils, tngt sur il ping lgvcrbgglklgtni qul sbecni. Ebkklgt 2 Ci ebgvclgt f–ïtrl nlgjs nu rcsqul fl jrneturl gukãrcqul lg cgtlrgl lt nu hclg-ïtrl nu trnvnci, fl anrngr il frbct ä in fãebgglxcbg, fl prbkbuvbcr in fcvlrsctã lt fl jnvbrcslr i–nequcscbg fl ebkpãtlgels gukãrcquls... Ils buis ebiinhbrnjs, gbtnkklgt ils rãslnux sbecnux, jnvbrcslgt in erãnvctã lt i–cggbvnbg ? cis ebgtrchulrbgt nussc ä rlgjbrelr il iclg sbecni fngs i–lgtrlprcsl.

5: I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Ils lgolux ? fãkntãrcnicslr, prãslrvlr ils rnppbrts `ukncgs Ousqu–bó pbusslr in fãkntãrcnicsnbg fl i–lgtrlprcsl ebkprbklrl in qunictã lt i–cgtlgsctã fls rnppbrts `ukncgs 2

Il ebiinhbrnj gl vn pns fl sbc 

sngs

Il ebiinhbrnj gl vn pns fl sbc, pnreuicàrlklgt pbur ils prlkcàrls icagls fl kngnalklgt quc sl trbuvlgt fãsnrkãls jnel ä ell prbjbgfl trngsjbrknbg, nvle, sbuvlgt, ug slgklgt fl fãpbsslsscbg f–ugl pnrl fl ilur pbuvbcr lt fl ilurs rlspbgsnhcictãs.

Fl pius, in rlinbg nu gukãrcqul g–lst pns fl kïkl gnturl slibg qul ils ebiinhbrntlurs sbgt lg rlinbg fcrletl bu cgfcrletl nvle ils eiclgts. Ils fcrcalngts lt kngnalrs fbcvlgt fbge ïtrl nlgjs ä el qu–ci g–y nct pns fl enssurl lgtrl ils fcãrlgtls entãabrcls f–uicsntlurs fngs i–lgtrlprcsl.

51 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Ils fãs ? neebkpnaglr lt kbvlr • Kbhcicslr Kbhcicslr ?  ? ils kngnalrs cgtlrkãfcncrls sbgt nussc ils netlurs fl i–ãvbiubg gukãrcqul, nvle ug neebkpnaglklgt, enr ils nrchuts fu ilnflrs`cp ilnflrs`cp e`ngalgt.  e`ngalgt. • Ubecnicslr  ? jncrl fu rãslnu sbecni cgtlrgl ug suolt fl rlinbgs sbecnils, i–cgtãarlr nux prbelssus kãlr, gbtnkklgt fngs il enfrl fl in kbhcictã (ebggletlr ils ebkkugnutãs lt ils prbelssus). • Kbvlr Kbvlr ? ? nssurlr ugl prbklssl f– f–ãpngbucsslklgt pbur pbur i–lgslkhil i–lgslkhil fls ebiinhbrntlurs lg 8484 ? olugls, sãgcbrs, kãlrs, FUC, pnrtlgncrls… • Tnrtnalr Tnrtnalr ?  ? ci s–nact f–neebkpnaglr i–ãvbiubg fls ebkpbrtlklgts lt fls prnquls lg trnvnciingt nvle fls ãqucpls piurcfcsecpicgncrls (sbecbibauls, lrabgbkls, kãflecgs…). • Lgenfrlr ? fngs il enfrl fls pbicquls fl HSBF (Hrcga ( Hrcga ybur bwg flvcel), ïtrl vcacingt pbur neebkpnaglr ell buvlrturl quc tlgf ä lnelr ils jrbgàrls lgtrl vcl prcvãl lt prbjlsscbggliil ? anrngr il frbct ä in fãebgglxcbg, klrl lg pinel fls fcspbscjs fl alsbg fu strlss, fãgcr fls e`nrtls f–usnals… Uur tbus els suolts, il pnrtlgnrcnt lgtrl in FUC, in FX@ lt in Fcrlebg fl in Ebkkugcenbg lst cgfcsplgsnhil = e–lst f–nciilurs ä trnvlrs i–neebkpnaglklgt fu e`ngalklgt qul elrtncgls lgtrlprcsls rãusscsslgt f–brls lt fãoä ilur trngsjbrknbg lg cgtlrgl.

50 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil ? il enfrl fl rãjãrlgel ECAXLJ

sur in euiturl gukãrcqul

Lg ãinhbrngt ug enfrl fl rãjãrlgel fl in euiturl gukãrcqul , il ECAXLJ n sbu`nctã klrl ä fcspbscbg fls fcrcalngts, ug bui fl rãlxcbg strntãacqul quc plrklt fl ? • Fãvlibpplr ugl rlprãslgtnbg pnrtnaãl fl el qu–lst in euiturl gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl = • Bhtlgcr ils plrelpbgs fls netlurs, lt lg ãvniulr ils ãenrts = • Cflglr ils ntbuts lt ils jrlcgs f–ugl lgtrlprcsl lg knàrl fl euiturl gukãrcqul = • Cgclr ugl fãknre`l fl fcnibaul, kbhcicslr ils netlurs lt ãinhbrlr fls pings f–nebg.

53 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Nrlr lt fãicslr ils klciilurs 0

tnilgts In aulrrl fls tnilgts g–lst pns flvngt gbus ? liil n fãoä ebkklgeã !

Il ebgtlxtl ? nrlr lt fãicslr ils tnilgts Ebggletã gnvlklgt, nacil lt ä i–ncsl fngs fls lgvcrbgglklgts cgelrtncgs kuieuiturlis, il ebiinhbrntlur 8484, vn vlgcr e`niilgalr ils `nhctufls, ils brangcsnbgs lt ils kbfls fl kngnalklgt, fngs ug ebgtlxtl bó in rlinbg lgtrl ils netlurs crn hclg nu-fliä fl in FUC lt fls kãlrs, lg cgtãarngt ãanilklgt ils pnrtlgncrls fl i–lgtrlprcsl. In aulrrl fls tnilgts g–lst pns flvngt gbus ? liil n fãoä ebkklgeã.

64 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Ils lgolux ? cflglr ils ebkpãtlgels, jnvbrcslr in kcxctã aãgãrnbggliil Nvle ugl pyrnkcfl fls èals fãjnvbrnhil lt fls fceuitãs fl rlerutlklgt, ils ebkpãtlgels icãls nu gukãrcqul slrbgt-liils lgebrl fngs i–lgtrlprcsl lg 8484 2 El g–lst pns elrtncg, enr ils gbuvliils ebkpãtlgels pburrnclgt g–ïtrl g–ïtrl pius nppbrtãls qul pnr fls pnrtlgncrls pnrtlgnc rls lxtlrgls quc slrnclgt systãknqulklgt pnrls prlgngtls fls prbolts.  Ngecplr ils hlsbcgs lg ebkpãtlgels

\g fls jbrklr lgolux lst ils hlsbcgs lg ebkpãtlgels lt fl fàsf–ngecplr kncgtlgngt ils ebiinhbrntlurs pbur ilur plrklrl f–ãvbiulr, pnr lxlkpil nvle i–nequcscbg fl ebkpãtlgels lg nre`ctleturl, cgtãarnbg, huscglss cgtliicalgel… cgtliicalgel …

Ell lxcalgel f–nfnptnbg f–nfnptnbg fls ebkpãtlgels ebgelrgl ebge lrgl tbus ils kãlrs fl i–lgtrlprcsl quc gl pluvlgt pl uvlgt s–lxlrelr s–lxlrelr sngs il systàkl f–cgjbrknbg. f–cg jbrknbg. Tbur elin, il ebiinhbrntlur lg 8484 enpctnicslrn sur sbg rãslnu prbjlsscbggli nvle fls ebkkugnutãs ebkkugnu tãs cgtlrgls bu lxtlrgls ä i–lgtrlprcsl quc nppbrtlrbgt ils klciilurls klc iilurls prnquls sur el quc qu c sl jnct fngs f–nutrls f–nutrls lgtrlprcsls, f–nutrls sletlurs lt fngs f–nutrls pnys. Bg vlrrn ncgsc sl fãvlibpplr ugl vãrctnhil kcxctã aãgãrnbggliil, fl tlrrctbcrls lt fl pãrckàtrls, f–netlurs (cgtlrgls/lxtlrgls). Nibrs qu–ci g–ãtnct pns rnrl qu–ug cgaãgclur trnvnciil sur in kïkl tle`gbibacl plgfngt qucgzl ngs, nuoburf–`uc, ci fbct jncrl ãvbiulr sls ebkpãtlgels nu eburs fl sn enrrcàrl, e`ngalr f–ãqucpl, fl pnys, vbcrl f–lgtrlprcsl. 6> Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Ils fãs ? lgeburnalr il kngnalklgt cgtlrkãfcncrl, susectlr il ilnflrs`cp gukãrcqul • Xlerutlr ils klciilurs pbur ïtrl plrjbrkngt lt ilnflr . • Trbkbuvbcr ? ebgscfãrlr qul fls « gbg-e`ljs ½ pucsslgt lux nussc flvlgcr fls ilnflrs  ? fls olugls, fls sãgcbrs, fls ebiinhbrntlurs fl pnys fcãrlgts, quc gl sbgt pns cgsercts fngs fls pbscbgs `cãrnre`cquls, kncs quc, pnr i–lxlkpinrctã fl ilur ntufl lt ilurs usnals cggbvngts, flvclgglgt fls ilnflrs gukãrcquls. • Enpctnicslr  ? fãvlibpplr fls ebkpãtlgels icãls ä i–lxpibctnbg fls fbggãls pbur erãlr fl in vnilur ä trnvlrs il trnctlklgt fl i–cgjbrknbg. • Nicaglr Nicaglr ? ? rlgfrl ebkpnhils ils bholejs cgfcvcfulis lt ils bholejs ebiilejs f–ug trnvnci ebiinhbrnj.

68 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

\g lxlkpil ? in Fcactni Nenflky  f–Brngal  f–Brngal Ng fl rãpbgfrl nux lgolux fu gukãrcqul, Utãp`ngl Xce`nrf, Trãscflgt Fcrletlur aãgãrni f–Brngal, n ingeã lg betbhrl 84>5 il prbarnkkl Fcactni Ilnflrs`cp Cgscfl. Cgscfl. El prbarnkkl n pbur hut f–neeãiãrlr in fcactnicsnbg fu Arbupl pbur ebgtrchulr ä sn trngsjbrknbg lt ä ugl klciilurl lenectã fl sls kbfls fl jbgebgglklgt. In Fcactni Nenflky lst il vbilt « ½ fl elfngs prbarnkkl. Ci vcsl nppbrtlr ug s beil ebkkug sbeil fljbrknbg ebggncssngels il fbkncgl fu ägukãrcqul ä i–lgslkhil fls >:: 444 sninrcãs fu Arbupl, quli qul sbct ilur kãlr. Ncgsc, in Fcactni Nenflky pbrtl sur trbcs fcklgscbgs ? • In slgschcicsnbg fls ebiinhbrntlurs nux lgolux fl in fcactnicsnbg cgtlrgl pbur Brngal, • In jbrknbg ä i–uicsnbg fls cggbvnbgs fu f u Arbupl (ebkkl in 6A) lt fls buis cgtlrgls (ebkkl ebbpglt , ug bui fl ebgjãrlgel lg icagl fu Arbupl), • I–npprbprcnbg lt in kcsl lg plrsplevl fls rãslnux sbecnux lt fl ilur röil.

65 Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Xlgjbrelr il l-ilnflrs`cp  3

fls fcrcalngts \g fcrcalngt quc gl ebkprlgf pns, bu gl snct pns lxlrelr sbg ilnflrs`cp gukãrcqul  jnct rntlr rntlr ug vcrnal ä sbg lgtrlprcsl !

Il ebgtlxtl ? ebgeciclr alsbg f–lgtrlprcsl lt gukãrcqul Fngs ug kbgfl bó il gukãrcqul lst plráu ebkkl ug ilvclr knolur f–cggbvnbg lt fl trngsjbrknbg pbur ils lgtrlprcsls, ils fcrcalngts fbcvlgt neebkpnaglr, scgbg ckpuislr, il kbuvlklgt. Cis fbcvlgt fbge knçtrcslr ä in jbcs ils ebkpãtlgels rlinvls ä in alsbg f–ugl lgtrlprcsl lt ils enpnectãs ä fãvlibpplr ugl vcscbg strntãacqul icãl nu gukãrcqul.

66 I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Ils lgolux lgo lux ? kbgtrlr i– i –lxlkpil, s–lgtburlr s–lgtburlr f–lxplrts f–lxplrts

Nuoburf–`uc, ug fcrcalngt quc gl ebkprlgf pns bu gl snct pns lxlrelr sbg ilnflrs`cp ilnflrs`cp   gukãrcqul jnct rntlr ug vcrnal ä sbg lgtrlprcsl. Ils enfrls fcrcalngts jrngáncs (gbtnkklgt ils olugls fl kbcgs fl 64 ngs) quc bgt fls rlspbgsnhcictãs fngs fls lgtrlprcsls fctls einsscquls fbcvlgt, lux nussc, kbgtrlr fnvngtnal f–nppãtlgel lt ugl klciilurl ebkprã`lgscbg ebkprã `lgscbg fu gukãrcqul.

Unvbcr nfnptlr

sbg ilnflrs`cp

Ncgsc, i–lgolu fl gbkhrlux fcrcalngts, ràails lst fl snvbcr nfnptlr ilur pbur ilnflrs`cp  ilnflrs`cp   ä fl gbuvliils lt fl gbuvlnux ebfls cgfucts pnr il gukãrcqul ? ebgstrucrl fls rlinbgs lgtrl ils fcãrlgts kãlrs, aãrlr ils e`ngalklgts, fãvlibpplr ugl vcscbg aibhnil lt strntãacqul, lgeburnalr i–cggbvnbg lt i– i –lxpãrcklgtnbg…

Tnrniiàilklgt, ils fcrcalngts fbcvlgt s–lgtburlr f–lxplrts lg tle`gbibacls fl i–cgjbrknbg, lg prbfucts lt slrvcels, lg rlinbg eiclgt, lte. Cis pburrbgt fbgglr ug slgs ä in trngsjbrknbg fl ilur lgtrlprcsl, lgtrlprcs l, nu slrvcel f–ug bholej cflgã lt ebkkugcquã. Els lgolux ckpbslgt fl gbuvliils jnábgs fl trnvnciilr quc `lurtlgt in vcscbg tràs ebgelptuliil fls fcrcalngts jrngáncs, `nhctuãs ä rããe`cr ibgatlkps nvngt f–nacr. Fngs il ebgtlxtl fl in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul, ils fcrcalngts fbcvlgt, nu ebgtrncrl, nacr lg kïkl tlkps qu–cis rããe`csslgt lt prlgfrl fnvngtnal fl rcsquls. 6< Lgolux lt Fãjs

 

Ils fãs ? pãfnabacl lt npprlgssnal • Lxpicqulr ? (rl)fbgglr rãauicàrlklgt fu slgs nux nebgs, nebg s, lg rlanrf fl in strntãacl fl i–lgtrlprcsl lt fl in ebgtrchubg fls cgfcvcfus. • Knçtrcslr Knçtrcslr ? ? brangcslr in fcactni ictlrney  fls  fls fcrcalngts, pnr lxlkpil pnr fls slsscbgs f–ãe`ngals nvle ils FUC ? ils fcrcalngts fbcvlgt cflglr ils cgvlssslklgts cgvlssslklgts fl ilur lgtrlprcsl fngs il gukãrcqul, ïtrl enpnhils f–lg ebkprlgfrl ils hãgãels ãebgbkcquls bu kngnaãrcnux, ncgsc qul ils rcsquls nssbecãs. Ils olugls enfrls fcrcalngts fbcvlgt, pbur ilur pnrt, fãvlibpplr ilur ebggncssngel lt ilur ebkprã`lgscbg fu gukãrcqul, fl kngcàrl ä fãecflr fls cgvlssslklgts gãelssncrls ä jncrl fngs il fbkncgl pbur trngsjbrklr ilur lgtrlprcsl. • Kbgtrlr i–i–lxlkpil lxlkpil ? i–lxlkpinrctã i–lxlkpinrctã fls fcrcalngts fngs i–lganalklgt fls fãknre`ls ebiinhbrnvls lst cgfcsplgsnhil. I–nhslgel fl ilnflrs`cp   ebgstul ug jrlcg eincrlklgt cflgã nu sueeàs fls ilnflrs`cp fãknre`ls ebiinhbrnvls, nu kïkl trl qul il kngqul fl einrtã fngs ils bholejs. •fnvngtnal « Vrngsvlrsnicslr Vrngsvlrsnicslr ½ ? rãbrangcslr ilsfbggngt jbgebgspius lg cgtlrgl, lg klngt fl trngsvlrsnictã lt lg f–nutbgbkcl nux netlurs. • Nssbeclr Nssbeclr   ? e`ngalr in rãpnrbg fls pbuvbcrs fngs i–lgtrlprcsl pbur jncrl ãklralr ils ebgfcbgs fl fãvlibpplklgt fl i–nacictã ? rlarbuplr ils kãlrs, ils jncrl trnvnciilr lgslkhil… • Zbcr ibcg ? ibcg ? niilr nu-fliä fl in prcsl fl ebgseclgel fls fcrcalngts, nutrlklgt fct cgvlsr, sngs ibacqul fl rltbur sur cgvlssslklgt ckkãfcnt. 6: I–lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul...

 

Jncrl fl in jbgebg UC ug netlur knolur

fl in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul E –lst in rlspbgsnhcictã sbecãtnil fu FUC qul f–npprã`lgflr tbus ils lgolux fu gukãrcqul ! I–cggbvnbg buvlrtl, ils fbggãls, ils fãknre`ls ebiinhbrnvls, in kbhcictã, i–nacictã, ils pnrtlgnrcnts, ils ebkpãtlgels lt in sãeurctã… Ä g–lg pns fbutlr, ils lgolux quc bgt ãtã fãercts fngs in prlkcàrl pnrl fl el fbeuklgt sbgt ebibssnux pbur fls arngfs arbupls fbgt il sueeàs s–lst ebgstruct fngs ug lgvcrbgglklgt fcãrlgt lt pbur in Jbgebg UC, quc fbct rãpbgfrl ä els prbhiãknquls pbur klglr ä hclg in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl. Vbut elin s–lletul fngs ug enfrl kuignbgni lt fngs ug `brczbg tlkpbrli fl pius lg pius eburt, bó il rlgbuvliilklgt jrãqulgt fls tle`gbibacls prbfuct ug slgklgt f–neeãiãrnbg plrpãtuliil. Nutngt fl ebgtrncgtls nuxquliils in Jbgebg UC, kncs nussc ils nutrls jbgebgs fl i–lgtrlprcsl fbcvlgt s–nfnptlr pbur prlgfrl lg ebkptl, prlsqu–lg tlkps rãli, i–ãvbiubg fls ebkpbrtlklgts fls eiclgts lt noustlr ils prbfucts lt slrvcels, slrvce ls, nvleeb`ãrlgt ug systàkl systàkl f–cgjbrknbg quc fbct ïtrl buvlrt lt nacil, tbut lg rlstngt lt sãeurcsã.

61

Lgolux lt Fãjs  

Xlfãgcr in erãnbg fl vnilur In gukãrcsnbg fu huscglss nkàgl il systàkl f–cgjbrknbg, lt fbge in FUC, ä ïtrl fcrletlklgt ckpicquãs fngs in e`nçgl fl vnilur, lt gbg pius flklurlr ugl sckpil jbgebg suppbrt bu ug elgtrl fl ebýt. In jbgebg UC ãvbiul, pnr nciilurs, sbus i–llt f–ugl fbuhil cgulgel ? cgtlrgl, nvle i–ãiãvnbg fu gcvlnu fl knturctã fls uicsntlurs, lt lxtlrgl, nvle i–ckpbrtngel neerul fu eiclgt gni. Nvle in « slrvcecsnbg i–buvlrturl fls lgtrlprcsls surjbcs, ilur ãebsystàkl, in jbgebg UC½lstltcgebgtburgnhil pbur nssurlr, ä in in ebgvlralgel lt in eb`ãrlgel fu systàkl f–cgjbrknbg, in sãeurctã lt i–nacictã, i–cggbvnbg… Fngs el ebgtlxtl, in jbgebg UC sl trbuvl e`niilgaãl sur tbutls ils fcklgscbgs fl sls röils lt kcsscbgs.

60

I lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i àrl fu gukãrcqul...  

U–ckpicqulr fngs in abuvlrgngel fu gukãrcqul

Il gukãrcqul gukãrcqu l g–nppnrlgt g–nppnrlgt pns pn s qu–ä qu–ä i–CV, i–CV, kncs il gukãrcqul guk ãrcqul gl sl rãfuct pns gbg pius, gc ä i–l-huscglss i–l-huscglss,, gc nu knrmlga fcactni lt/bu nu eiclgt gukãrcqul. Il gukãrcqul lst trngsvlrsl ä i–lgtrlprcsl lt ebgelrgl tbutls ils fcrlebgs, qu–liils sbclgt suppbrt bu kãlrs. In qulsbg fl in abuvlrgngel fu gukãrcqul lst ckpbrtngtl. Nuoburf–`uc, piusclurs strueturnbgs sbgt pbsschils, niingt ousqu–ä in  Obcgt Zlgturl ½ lgtrl in FUC lt erãnbg f–ugl ä pnrtfcrcaãl lgàrlpnr (« ug in Fcrlebg fu lgtã Knrmlga) E`clj Fcactni Belr  bu   bu hclg lgebrl nvle in erãnbg fl gbuvlnux röils fl Huscglss cgjbrknbg Belr bu E`clj Fntn Belr  fbgt   fbgt in kcsscbg lst fl vnibrcslr il enpctni cgjbrknbggli fl i–lgtrlprcsl.

Trãslgel

fl in Jbgebg UC

Kncs cg gl, gl, quli qul sbct il kbfàil, in Jbgebg UC lst systãknqulklgt prãslgtl fngs ils prbolts lkhnrqungt ug vbilt gukãrcqul. gukãrcqu l. I–ckpbrtngt I–ckpbrtngt lg tlrkl fl abuvlrgngel,

g–lst pns in fãgcbg fu pãrckàtrl (ä quc rlvclgt qubc 2) kncs hclg i–niicngel ä ãanictã fl pbuvbcr lgtrl tbus ils netlurs fl i–lgtrlprcsl, i–lgtrlprcsl, quc qu c plut sluil, slui l, nu vu fu enrnetàrl trngsvlrsni fu gukãrcqul, plrklrl ebrrletlklgt in trngsjbrknbg fl i–lgtrlprcsl. In Jbgebg UC fbct ïtrl prbnevl pbur cgclr lt lgtrltlgcr il fcnibaul sur il gukãrcqul nvle ils fcrcalngts. E–lst in rlspbgsnhcictã sbecãtnil fu FUC qul f–npprã`lgflr ils lgolux fu gukãrcqul, ugl pbsturl quc nkàgl ils FUC ä ïtrl kbcgs « cgaãgclurs tle`gceclgs ½ lt f–nvngtnal « cgaãgclurs huscglssklg ½.

63

Lgolux lt Fãjs  

Vrnvnciilr fl ebgelrt nvle ils kãlrs Uc il gukãrcqul g–lst pns qu–nncrl fl tle`gbibacls, kncs nussc fl trngsjbrknbgs fngs ils kbfls fl trnvnci lt fl kngnalklgt, nibrs in alsbg lt i–uicsnbg fl i–CV fngs ils brangcsnbgs ebgstul ugl hbggl bppbrtugctã fl klrl lg pinel fls gbuvliils prnquls. I–CV lt ils kãlrs fbcvlgt nvngt tbut trnvnciilr lgslkhil sur il gukãrcqul. Fcrlebg knrmlga, fcrlebg ebkklrecnil, fcrlebg fl in ebkkugcenbg, FX@ bu lgebrl fcrlebg ourcfcqul sbgt nutngt fl pnrtlgncrls kãlrs fl in FUC fngs in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul. Ci ebgvclgt f–brangcslr in ebiinhbrnbg lt il rãslnu, il fãvlibpplklgt fls pnrtlgnrcnts lgtrl els fcãrlgtls lgtãs. Npprlgfrl ä trnvnciilr fcãrlkklgt nvle ils kãlrs suppbsl f–lxpãrcklgtlr (Eibuf , Hca Fntn, Fntn, kbhcictã…), fl fcnibaulr nu qubfclg, f–neelptlr f–npprlgfrl fls pius olugls aãgãrnbgs, fl trnvnciilr lg pintlnu lt lg kbfl prbolt (nvle fls kãt`bfls nacils), lg ebgslrvngt i–ãqucichrl lgtrl fls plts prbolts nacils lt fls arngfs prbolts strueturngts.

. I–nlcgtl fls bholejs f–nacictã ckpicqul fls prbolts ctãrnjs lt cgerãklgtnux nux eyeils eburts (cis fbcvlgt nrrcvlr sur il knre`ã pius vctl lt sbgt bhsbiàtls pius rnpcflklgt). Ci s–nact iä f–nacictã cgerãklgtnil quc lkhnrqul ils gbbgs f–ãvbiubg, ä in hnsl kïkl fl in trngsjbrknbg fl i–lgtrlprcsl. Xãnevctã lt cgkctã

I–nacictã huscglss flkngfãl ä i–brangcsnbg lxcal qul i–CV sbct tbut nussc nacil. El quc scagcl gbtnkklgt, fl pius lg pius fl alsbgs fl prbolts lg kbfl pintlnu pbur

CV-Kãlr 

jnvbrcslr in rãnevctã lt i–cgkctã CV CV-Kãlr -Kãlr.. Ci jnut tbutljbcs anrflr ä i–lsprct ils fceuitãs ä trnvnciilr lg kbfl pintlnu fngs il enfrl f–ugl brangcsnbg fcstrchuãl. N el trl, i–brangcsnbg fu gukãrcqul fngs ug lgvcrbgglklgt aibhni lt fcstrchuã slrn ugl qulsbg elgtrnil pbur in Jbgebg UC. 

In Xlvul fu Fcactni fu Fcactni fu knrfc 8 slptlkhrl 84>6 - Ils < kbts quc bgt ug slgs fcãrlgt pbur il FUC lt il fcrletlur knrmlga



Lgolux lt Fãjs  

Lgg, i–nacictã flkngfl ugl knturctã fl in pnrt fls flux netlurs, UC lt Kãlrs. Uc i–ugl fls flux pnrls g–lst pns susnkklgt knturl, nibrs i–uicsnbg fl tliils kãt`bfls lst rcsquãl, vbcrl flstruetrcel fl vnilur. Il e`ngalklgt euiturli ebgelrgl fbge nutngt il knrmlga lt ils kãlrs (gãelssctã fl ebgjbrkctã) qul i–CV (slgschcicsnbg fl i–CV nux lgolux lt nu ryt`kl fu huscglss).

Knctrcslr ils jbgfnklgtnux tle`gcquls Ils seãgnrcbs fl trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul, rãnicsãs lg ãtrbctl ebiinhbrnbg nvle ils kãlrs s–nppuclgt lg tbcil fl jbgf sur el quc g–lst pns gãabecnhil ? in sãeurctã. Ibrsqul ils kãlrs bu il knrmlga vluilgt niilr pius vctl lt prlgfrl ugl sbiubg lxtlrgl - el qul i–bg nppliil ebkkugãklgt il s`nfbw CV   bu fl kngcàrl pius pbscvl il cg-huscglss ebkpuga, ebkpuga, in FUC fbct ïtrl prãslgtl pbur nssurlr quliqulss prcgecpls fl hnsl gbtnkklgt i–nre`ctleturl quliqul i–nre`ctleturl lt in sãeurctã fls systàkls f–cgjbrknbg. Il FUC nssurl ug röil fl anrfclg fu tlkpil, lt f–bre`lstrntlur huscglss nu slgs pbscj fu tlrkl. In sãeurctã g–lst hclg sýr pns ugl kcsscbg ãklralgtl fl in Jbgebg UC, tbutljbcs, liil prlgf ugl ckpbrtngel neerul nu rlanrf fls rcsquls gukãrcquls. Ils kngcàrls fl i–nhbrflr lt fl in trnctlr sbgt kbfcãls. Ci gl s–nact pius fl pnrilr fl sãeurctã pãrckãtrcqul bu hclg f–nhbrflr in sãeurctã ebkkl ugl ebgtrncgtl, kncs hclg piutöt fl prbkbuvbcr in sãeurctã ebkkl ug « huscglss lgnhilr ½.

8 kbcs, • ugl ãqucpl f–nre`ctleturl f–lgtrlprcsl rlgjbreãl.

5. • ECAXLJ, Abuvlrgngel fu Gukãrcqul ? Erãnbg fl vnilur, knçtrcsl fls rcsquls lt niibenbg fls rlssburels, rlssburels, 84>6. • ECAXLJ, Ils Gbuvlnux Xöils fl in Jbgebg UC ? Kcsscbgs, ebkpãtlgels lt knrmlga fl in jbgebg, jbgebg, 84>6. • ECAXLJ, Ils Netls f–BTCB, Lgtrlprcsl 8484 ? ^ulis lgolux strntãacquls lt kngnaãrcnux pbur in jbgebg UC 2 , slptlkhrl 84>6. • ECAXLJ, In jbgebg cgjbrknqul nu fã fu gukãrcqul, ebkptl-rlgfu fu plt fãoluglr fl in ebkkcsscbg Ilkbcgl, ouciilt 84>6. • ECAXLJ, ebkptl-rlgfu fu fçglr ilnflrs`cp, ilnflrs`cp, ouciilt 84>6. i–lgtrlprcsl fl flkncg, nvrci 84>6. • ECAXLJ, Kngãl FUC, Flsscglr i–lgtrlprcsl

• ECAXLJ, Lgtrlprcsls lt euiturl gukãrcqul, 84>5 • ECAXLJ, i–Lgtrlprcsl gukãrcqul, quliils strntãacls ä 84>< 2 , Guvcs, 84>4. • FNIIB_, Pnvclr, Vlgfngels fls VCE, gbus g–nvbgs lgebrl rclg vu...Vbut vn s–neeãiãrlr . • FLIBCVVL, Ãtufl sur ils usnals kbhcils fls Jrngáncs, Jrngáncs, 84>5. • LTN\INXF, Nggl, ACIILU E`rcstli (sbus in fcr.), ^uliil Jrngel fngs >4 ngs 2 Cgvlsr fngs il rlfrlsslklgt ãebgbkcqul. ãebgbkcqul. Xnppbrt t`ãknqul, Oucg 84>6. • Jbgfnbg ECAXLJ, Ils Lsslglis, 84>8-84>6 • CJN-ECAXLJ, Il Ebgslci f–nfkcgcstrnbg f–nfkcgcstrnbg lt in trngscbg gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl, 84>5.

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Lgolux lt Fãjs  

• KeMcgsly Jrngel, Neeãiãrlr Jrngel, Neeãiãrlr in kutnbg gukãrcqul fls lgtrlprcsls? lgtrlprcsls? ug acslklgt fl erbcssngel lt fl ebkpãvctã pbur in Jrngel, Jrngel, Ulptlkhrl 84>6. • KeMcgsly Aibhni Cgstutl, Fcsrupvl tle`gbibacls? Nfvngels t`nt wcii trngsjbrk icjl, huscglss, ngf t`l aibhni lebgbky , Kny 84>5. • Xbingf HLXALX Utrntlay Ebgsuitngts, lg ebiinhbrnbg nvle Enp Fcactni, Fu rnrnpnal ä in trngsjbrknbg. I–nvlgturl I–nvlgturl gukãrcqul ugl e`ngel pbur in Jrngel, slptlkhrl 84>6. • QNVUBG, QNVUBG, Xce`nrf, Xc e`nrf, V`l Juturl? 8.

Frbct fl prbprcãtã cgtliiletuliil

Vbutls ils puhicenbgs fu ECAXLJ sbgt kcsls arntuctlklgt ä in fcspbscbg fu pius arngf gbkhrl, kncs rlstlgt prbtãaãls pnr ils ibcs lg vcaulur sur in prbprcãtã cgtliiletuliil. Lst nutbrcsãl in ebpcl fu trl lt f–lxtrncts fl nvlgul fl Klsscgl 153 lgtrlprcsls klkhrls. Flsgã nux Fcrcalngts lt nux ebiinhbrntlurs fl gbs lgtrlprcsls, ci n pbur nkhcbg fl ebgstrucrl ugl vcscbg fls lgolux strntãacquls nuxqulis slrn ebgjrbgtãl i–lgtrlprcsl ä i–`brczbg 8484, lt fls fãs qu–liil nurn ä rlilvlr… ½. «

In prlkcàrl pnrl fl elt buvrnal prãslgtl i–Lgtrlprcsl 8484 ä i–àrl fu gukãrcqul. In slebgfl pnrl lst ebgsnerãl ä in ebgtrchubg fl in Jbgebg UC ä in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcqul fl i–lgtrlprcsl. Tbsnel fl Olng-Jrngábcs T@LIC_BG  Fcrletlur Aãgãrni Nfobcgt, Uncgt-Abhncg …elt buvrnal ebgstul pbur gbs ebkctãs fl fcrlebg ugl arciil fl ileturl fls lgolux strntãacquls lt fãs kngnaãrcnux cgfucts pnr in trngsjbrknbg gukãrcquls fl gbs lgtrlprcsls… N el trl, ci slrn ug suppbrt fl fcnibaul nvle ils nfkcgcstrntlurs, ils fcrlebgs aãgãrnils lt ils kãlrs pbur ãinhbrlr lgslkhil ils ebgfcbgs fl rãussctl fl in strntãacl fl gbs lgtrlprcsls nu slcg fu kbgfl gukãrcqul… ½. «