Entregable 2
January 31, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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@CFXTZÀC FL Fstudbg df ngs trcstgrlgs df nc hglduhtc. @trc.Oø`fz Fnbzcjftm Cdrbclc Ãnvcrfz FLTZFOCJNF :. Hcsg hnàlbhg Nbh. Oucdcnupf Ubrbdbclc Oglzãnfz Xgnàs Hc`pus @crblc
HCXG HNBLBHG EBHMC DF BDFLTBEBHCHBØL LG@JZF9
Cldrâs @crtàlfz
EFHMC DF LCHB@BFLTG9
1? ‘ Cjrbn ‘ :114
FDCD9
3? Cógs
FXHGNCZBDCD9
Jchmbnnfrctg trulhg
GHVQCHBØL9
Zfpcrtbdgr df cnb`fltgs
FXTCDG HBUBN9
Xgntfrg
ZFNBOBØL9
Lg rfebfrf
LBUFN XGHBGFHGLØ@BHG9
Jcig
GZBFLTCHBØL XF]VCN9
Mftfrgsfxucn
F]Ã@FL @FLTCN Qchbfltf `cshunblg df fdcd `flgr cpcrfltf c nc hrglgnøobhc, grbfltcdg, grbfltcdg, hgl hgldbhbglfs df mbobflf y cnbóg rfouncr, bldu`fltcrbc cprgpbcdc c nc fdcd. Tcnnc cntc, hglstbtuhbøl fhtg`ørebhg f bltforbdcd cusfltf, hgl fxprfsbglfs df trbstfzc, `crhmc dfhcàdc y psbhg`gtrbhbdcd cefhtbvc `fnclhønbhc. Qrfsfltc chtbtud pcsbvc pfrg cnfrtc hgl mbpgctflhbøl, su dbshursg fs hglorufltf y hgmfrfltf, lg sf mcl rfvbscdg sbolgs df cnoulc cntfrchbøl fl nc fshrbturc, fl cnoulcs ghcsbglfs prfsfltc ul hursg nfltg y tcloflhbcn dfn pflsc`bfltg hgl hgltflbdg lg cnogràt`bhg (lg hrfctbvg), fl su dbshursg cpcrfhfl bdfchbglfs subhbdcs lfocdcs y fl ghcsbglfs bdfcs df orcldfzc (pfrtflfhbfltfs c nc cdgnfshflhbc). Lg prfsfltc bnusbglfs lb cnuhblchbglfs, su iubhbg fstã dfltrg df nc rfcnbdcd y dbs`blubdg, `bs`gs mcjbtucnfs df ul cdgnfshfltf. Eulhbglfs `fltcnfs supfrbgrfs sbl lbloulc cntfrchbøl lb tc`pghg df nfloucif, cnfrtc g `f`grbc, sus mcjbnbdcdfs vbsghglstruhtbvcs sf flhufltrcl fstcjnfs.
DCTGX EC@BNBCZFX @BF@JZG
@c`ã9 Zgscnjc
FDCD
ZFNCHBØL HGL FN QCHBFLTF
4? cógs
Nc `cdrf fs vfldfdgrc fl ulc tbfldc df hgnhmglfs, fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf sgstbflf ulc `cnc hg`ulbhchbøl hgl fnnc, ùlbhc`fltf hglvbvfl fl fn dfscyulg yc quf hucldg fn tfr`blc su turlg df trcjcig dfhbdf lg fstcr fl hcsc y csbstbr c iuocr eutjgn hgl sus c`bogs, nc `cdrf dfshrbjf c Cldrâs hg`g „ul juflg pcrc lcdc‐ y Cldrâs dfshrbjf c su `cdrf hg`g „ulc sfógrc quf yc ng tbflf hclscdg pufs sf prfghupc
fl fxhfsg df fn, qubfrf scjfr tgdg fn tbf`pg fl dgldf fstã y fsg nf `gnfstc pufs lg nf corcdc quf nf dbocl quf mchfr‐ Nc cjufnc sf dfdbhc cn mgocr, fn f n pchbfltf lg sgstbflf lbloulc hg`ulbhchbøl cul hucldg fnnc jushc fl rfpftbdcs Cjufnc9 Fspfrclzc
?4 cógs
ghcsbglfs chfrhcrsf g dfnfocrnf rfspglscj rfspglscjbnbdcdfs bnbdcdfs df hcsc, Cldrâs nc dfshrbjf hg`g „ulc vbfic vbfi c c`crocdc quf lg nf dbhf ng quf tbflf quf mchfr ‐
QZGJNF@ÃTBHCX OFLFZCNFX UBUBDCX FL NC EC@BNBC DFN XVIFTG Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf su `cdrf y su cjufnc ng tbflfl „sgjrfprgtfobdg‐, prfebfrf fstcr eufrc df hcsc
trcjcicldg y iuocldg eutjgn yc quf fl hcsc nf dfnfocl `uhmc `uhmcss tcrfcs dfn mgocr quf lg nf oustc mchfr, Cldrâs dfiø fn jchmbnnfrctg pcrc trcjcicr fltrfocldg hg`bdc yc quf fsg nf rfprfsfltc `cygr utbnbdcd pcrc ngs gjiftbvgs chtucnfs quf tbflf9 hg`prcrsf ulc `gtg y vbvbr sgng. Hg`g dctg rfnfvcltf prfsfltc `uhmg bltfrâs fl hglghfr c su pcdrf yc quf ng ùlbhg quf scjf df fn fs quf fs bloflbfrg y hg`pcrtfl oustgs pgr fn eutjgn.
FXTZCTFOBCX DF XGNVHBØL CLTF QZGJNF@CX EC@BNBCZFX Nc `cdrf dfn pchbfltf dfhbdf flvbcrng c vbvbr ulc sf`clc hgl nc pfrsglc hgl nc quf trcjcic rfpcrtbfldg cnb`fltgs, fstg hgl nc eblcnbdcd df quf fn vcngrf ncs hg`gdbdcdfs df su hcsc, nf rftbrø fn hfnuncr hg`g
pcrtf df nc `bs`c fstrctfobc, tc`jbfl dfhbdf rfcnbzcrnf ulc pufjc df cltbdgpblo pcrc hgrrgjgrcr sb sbouf g mc hglsu`bdg drgocs y ng nnfvc nn fvc c hglsuntc psbhgclcnàtbhc.
DFXCZZGNNG DF NC UBDC FTCQCX DFXCZZGNNG QZFLCTCN
BLECLHBC
CDGNFXHFLHBC
DFXHZBQHBØL DFXHZBQHBØL Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf fs prgduhtg df ul f`jcrczg lg dfsfcdg, `bs`g quf tuvg hg`g hglsfhuflhbc fn cjcldglg dfn pcdrf. Fn pchbfltf bldbhc quf su bleclhbc sf dfscrrgnng sbl `cygr hg`pnbhchbøl, su cjufnc sbf`prf euf nc flhcrocdc df su hubdcdg. Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf c nc fdcd df 38 cógs hg`flzø c prfsfltcr dbebhuntcd pcrc hglhnubr tcrfcs, `cltflfr fn bltfrâs fl ncs `bs`cs y sfoubr bldbhchbglfs. Hcdc vfz sf vufnvfl `ãs mcjbtucnfs ncs hglduhtcs vbgnfltcs y df dfscebø mchbc nc cutgrbdcd.
@GTBUG DF HGLXVNTC C nc fdcd df 38 cógs fn pchbfltf hg`bflzc c ecntcr c hncsfs yc quf rfebfrf lg hg`prfldfr ng quf fl fnncs sf nf prfsfltcjc y pgr ng tcltg nc fshufnc sfhuldcrbc dfhbdf hclcnbzcrng cn sfrvbhbg df Qsbqubctràc fl fn Mgspbtcn Oflfrcn dfn B@XX Yglc 3 (Uflcdgs), cmà fs dbcolgstbhcdg hgl Trcstgrlg pgr Dâebhbt df Ctflhbøl hgl Mbpfrchtbvbdcd (TDC-M) f blbhbc fn trctc`bfltg df @ftbneflbdctg y Ucnprgctg df sgdbg `bs`g quf suspfldf c ngs 36 cógs df fdcd, cn blorfscr c jchmbnnfrctg hg`bflzc c prfsfltcr hglduhtcs corfsbvcs, pcrtbhbpc fl pfnfcs hcnnfifrcs ncs hucnfs ng nnfvcl c nc fxpunsbøl df nc blstbtuhbøl, c ngs 3? cógs hglghf c Btzfn, su fx lgvbc, sgstflbfldg ulc rfnchbgl bltfr`btfltf quf cn tfr`blcr prgvghc fl fn ul bltfltg subhbdc y hglsu`g df sgnvfltfs.
DBEBHVNTCDFX QZFXFLTCDCX DFXDF NC CQCZBHBØL DF NC QZGJNF@ÃTBHC Fn pchbfltf mc dfhbdbdg trcjcicr rfpcrtbfldg hg`bdc pcrc pgdfr tflfr dblfrg, ng hucn nf rfprfsfltc ul `cygr jflfebhbg pcrc ngs gjiftbvgs bl`fdbctgs quf fn tbflf, su tbf`pg nbjrf ng pcsc eufrc df hcsc hgl c`bogs iuocldg eutjgn y prchtbhcldg erff stynf, lg cyudc fl ncs ncjgrfs dfn hcsc y dfsceàc hglstcltf`fltf ncs dfhbsbglfs df su cjufnc y su `cdrf rfspfhtg df su hg`pgrtc`bfltg y hg`g dfjf dbrbobrsf dfltrg dfn mgocr.
FTBGNGOÀC DF NC QZGJNF@ÃTBHC GZÀOFL JBGNØOBHG
VXG DF XVXTCLHBCX
DFXHZBQHBØL Xf rfcnbzø ulc vcngrchbøl fl nc quf fn pchbfltf euf dbcolgstbhcdg hgl hgl Trcstgrlg pgr Dâebhbt df Ctflhbøl hgl Mbpfrchtbvbdcd. Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf hglsu`g df sgnvfltfs fl ulc ghcsbøl.
CLTFHFDFLTFX EC@BNBCZFX DF NC QZGJNF@ÃTBHC
Lbloulg.
XBTVCHBGLFX FXTZFXCLTFX G DFXFLHCDFLCLTFX DF NC QZGJNF@ÃTBHC
Nc hglstcltf blsbstflhbc df nc `cdrf dfn pchbfltf hgl h gl quf fstâ fl hcsc, lg scnoc hgl c`bogs y cyudf fl ncjgrfs dfn mgocr fs ng quf oflfrcn`fltf dfsflhcdflc nc prgjnf`ãtbhc.
XBOLGX XBOLG
DFXHZBQHBØL
TBF@QG/ EZFHVFLHBC
BLTFLXBDCD G OZCDG
HG@GZJBNBDCD
Corfsbvbdcd
Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf fs corfsbvg hucldg lfhfsbtc df`gstrcr quf fs `figr quf ngs df`ãs y pufdf dfefldfrsf.
Df ngs 38 cógs c nc efhmc
Xfvfrg
Hglduhtcs gpgsbhbglbstcs
Ecntc df hglhfltrchbøl
Blqubftud
Hglduhtcs gpgsbhbglbstcs
Fn pchbfltf pchbfltf rfebfrf quf sf prfsfltcjc fl ncs hncsfs y chtucn`fltf fl fn trcjcig lg prfstc ctflhbøl pgrquf tbflf sufóg. Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf fstc blqubftg hucldg fstc dfsfspfrcdg pgr quf lg sf mchfl ncs hgscs hg`g fn qubfrf. Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf prfsfltc hglduhtcs gpgsbhbglbstcs hucldg su `cdrf y su cjufnc nf grdflcl
Df ngs 38 cógs c nc efhmc
@gdfrcdg
Brrbtcjbnbdcd y `cn mu`gr
Df ngs 38 cógs c nc efhmc
@gdfrcdg pfrsbstfltf
Ecntc df hglhfltrchbøl
Df ngs 38 cógs c nc efhmc
Corfsbvbdcd Xfvfrg
Ecntc df hglhfltrchbøl
quf mchfr.
XBLTG@CX XBLTG@CX XBLTG@CX
DFXHZBQHBØL
Trbstfzc
Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf fstc trbstf hucldg pbflsc fl su fx lgvbc Btzfn.
TBF@QG/ EZFHVFLHBC Df ngs 36 cógs c nc efhmc
Brrbtcjbnbdcd y `cn mu`gr
Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf sf sbfltf brrbtcjnf nc `cygr pcrtf dfn tbf`pg.
Df ngs 3? cógs c nc efhmc
@gdfrcdg pfrsbstfltf
Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf sf sbfltf dfhfphbglcdg dfsdf quf supg quf su pcpã cjcldglg c su `c`ã dfjbdg c su lchb`bfltg.
Df ngs 3? cógs c nc efhmc
Ghcsbglcn
Dfhfphbøl
BLTFLXBDCD G OZCDG
HG@GZJBNBDCD
@gdfrcdg
Dfhfphbøl Hglduhtcs gpgsbhbglbstcs Corfsbvbdcd
Trbstfzc
Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf dfsoclg nc `cygr pcrtf dfn tbf`pg, sbtuchbøl quf sf bltflsbebhc cn tflfr quf vgnvfr c hcsc.
Dfsoclg
Df ngs 38 cógs c nc efhmc
Xfvfrg
Trbstfzc
CLÃNBXBX LGXGNØOBHG B@QNBHCHBGLFX FL NC UBDC HGTBDBCLC DFN QCHBFLTF Fn pchbfltf prfsfltc ulc tgtcn rfsbstflhbc c nc cutgrbdcd ec`bnbcr y ncs b`pnbhchbglfs quf fnng hglnnfvc, crou`fltc sfltbrsf dfhfphbglcdg df mcjfr erchcscdg fl su vbdc fshgncr, sf flhufltrc dfsocstcdg dfjbdg c ncs ncrocs igrlcdcs i grlcdcs df trcjcig quf rfcnbzc dàc hgl dàc y hglstcltf` hglstcltf`fltf fltf sf sb sbfltf fltf trbstf pgr nc dfsbnusbgl c`grgsc quf vbvbø hgl su fx pcrfic. XBOLG/XBLTG@C
EGZ@C FL NC SVF BLTFZEBFZFL FL FN QCHBFLTF Fn pchbfltf rfebfrf quf cn `gstrcrsf hgl supfrbgrbdcd cefhtc sus rfnchbglfs Corfsbvbdcd ec`bnbcrfs y sghbcnfs. Fn pchbfltf `flhbglc quf nc ecntc df hglhfltrchbøl euf ul echtgr dftfr`blcltf Ecntc df pcrc fn cjcldglg fshgncr, chtucn`fltf lg tbflf ul jufl dfsf`pfóg ncjgrcn pgr hglhfltrchbøl nc `bs`c hcusc. Fn pchbfltf blebfrf quf cn fstcr blqubftg hglstcltf`fltf cntfrc nc dblã`bhc Blqubftud ec`bnbcr prgvghcldg hglduhtcs corfsbvcs. Hglduhtcs Dfjbdg c nc cntfrchbøl df nc dblã`bhc ec`bnbcr (lg mchfl ng quf yg qubfrg) fn gpgsbhbglbstcs pchbfltf prfebfrf bolgrcr y qufdcrsf hcnncdg. Dfrbvcdg df nc rupturc c`grgsc hgl su fx pcrfic fn pchbfltf prfsfltc rcsogs df Trbstfzc trbstfzc (cjctb`bfltg y pflsc`bfltg nfltg) rfeuobcldgsf fl prchtbhcr eutjgn mcstc cntcs mgrcs df nc lghmf. Brrbtcjbnbdcd y `cn Fn hglstcltf flgig dfrbvcdg df nc blsctbsechhbøl df lg pgdfr cnhclzcr nc mu`gr cutgrrfcnbzchbøl c su fdcd oflfrc fl ân brrbtcjbnbdcd, `cn mu`gr y corfsbvbdcd. Chgltfhf hg`g rcsog df trbstfzc f brrbtcjbnbdcd nc dfhfphbøl prgduhtg dfn Dfhfphbøl cusfltbs`g pctfrlcn pctfrlcn dfsdf fn blbhbg df su vbdc.
Dfsoclg
Fn pchbfltf prfsfltc chtbtud pcsbvc pfrg cnfrtc hgl mbpgctflhbøl cefhtcldg su dfsf`pfóg ncjgrcn.
UBLHVNCHBØL FLTZF XBOLGX R XBLTG@CX Xb tg`c`gs fl hufltc quf fn pchbfltf prfsfltc sbolgs tcnfs hg`g corfsbvbdcd, ecntc df hglhfltrchbøl, blqubftud y hglduhtcs gpgsbhbglbstcs y sbltg`cs hg`g trbstfzc, brrbtcjbnbdcd, `cn mu`gr, dfhfphbøl y dfsoclg pgdf`gs dfeblbr quf sf flhufltrcl fstrfhmc` fstrfhmc`fltf fltf rfnchbglcdgs yc quf tgdgs sus sbltg`cs sf flhufltrcl fl hg`grjbnbdcd df sus sbolgs dfrbvcdg dfn dfshgltrgn quf tbflf df su corfsbvbdcd, su hglstcltf dfsceàg c nc cutgrbdcd `ctfrlcn y nc erustrchbøl quf vbvf df lg pgdfr sfr y vbvbr c su `clfrc. `clfrc.
F]QNBHCHBØL TFØZBHC DF NC QZGJNF@ÃTBHC Tflbfldg fl hufltc nc bltfrchhbøl jbgnøobhc y vbvflhbcs prb`crbcs df `b pchbfltf, pufdg fltfldfr fn hcsg hg`g ulc egr`c dbeàhbn df bltfrchhbøl fl fn vblhung `cdrf mbig huyg fif prblhbpcn dfn pchbfltf fs nc ecntc df cutghgltflhbøl. Trcstgrlg pgr dfebhbt df ctflhbøl hgl mbpfrchtbvbdcd9 Qctrøl pfrsbstfltf df blctflhbl y/g mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd quf bltfrebfrf hgl fn eulhbglc`bfltg e ulhbglc`bfltg g fn dfscrrgnng, quf sf hcrchtfrbzc pgr blctflhbøl, mbpfrchtbvbdcd f b`punsbvbdcd.
B@QZFXBØL DBCOLØXTBHC Nufog df rfcnbzcr fn clãnbsbs dfn hcsg bdfltbebhc`gs quf fn pchbfltf prfsfltc cntfrchbglfs df nc ctflhbøl, sbltg`cs df clsbfdcd, nc blqubftud fl hgliultg hgl rcsogs dfprfsbvgs y dbs`bluhbøl df nc hglhfltrchbøl. Dfjbdg c quf prfsfltc ulc egr`c durcdfrc dfn hg`pgrtc`bfltg df orcdg fxhfsbvg df pfnfcs, vbgnflhbc, bltb`bdchbglfs, `fltbrcs rfbtfrcdcs, cusflhbc fl nc fshufnc, euocs dfn mgocr, dfsgjfdbflhbc nctfltf y hglduhtc dfscebcltf y prgvghctbvc, sgl hrbtfrbgs suebhbfltfs pcrc fn dbcoløstbhg
df Trcstgrlg pgr dfebhbt df ctflhbøl hgl mbpfrchtbvbdcd 834.13 (E21.:) Qrfsfltchbøl hg`jblcdc hgl orcvfdcd chtucn orcvf sfoùl fn DX@-6. DX@-6.
HZBTFZBGX DBCOLØXTBHGX DFN TZCXTGZLG R HNCXBEBHCHBØL Fn pchbfltf fstã hctfogrbzcdg dfltrg dfn Trcstgrlg pgr dfebhbt df ctflhbøl hgl mbpfrchtbvbdcd 834.13 (E21.:) Qrfsfltchbøl hg`jblcdc hgl orcvfdcd chtucn orcvf orcvf DX@ U Trcstgrlg pgr dfebhbt df ctflhbøl hgl mbpfrchtbvbdcd
HZBTFZBGX DFN QCHBFLTF Trcstgrlg pgr dfebhbt df ctflhbøl hgl mbpfrchtbvbdcd 834.13 (E21.:) Qrfsfltchbøl hg`jblcdc hgl orcvfdcd chtucn orcvf
C. Qctrl pfrsbstfltf df blctflhbl y/g mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd quf bltfrebfrf hgl fn eulhbglc`bfltg g fn dfscrrgnng, quf sf hcrchtfrbzc pgr (3) y/g (:)9
C. Qctrl pfrsbstfltf df blctflhbl y/g mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd quf bltfrebfrf hgl fn eulhbglc`bfltg g fn dfscrrgnng, quf sf hcrchtfrbzc pgr (3) y/g (:)9
3. Blctflhbgl9 l9 Xfbs (g `s) df ngs sboubfltfs s ltg`cs ltg`cs sf mcl `cltflbdg durcltf cn `flgs 5 `fsfs fl ul orcdg quf lg hglhufrdc hgl fn lbvfn df dfscrrgnng y quf cefhtc dbrfhtc`fltf ncs chtbvbdcdfs sghbcnfs y chcd â`bhcs/ncjgrcnfs9
c) Hgl erfhuflhbc ecnnc fl prfstcr nc dfjbdc ctflhbl c dftcnnfs g pgr dfshubdg sf hg`ftfl frrgrfs fl ncs tcrfcs fshgncrfs, fl fn trcjcig g durcltf gtrcs chtbvbdcdfs (p. fi., sf pcscl pgr cntg g sf pbfrdfl dftcnnfs, fn trcjcig lg sf nnfvc c hcjg hgl prfhbsbl).
Lgtc9 Ngs s ltg`cs Lgtc9 ltg`cs lg sgl sng ulc `clbefstchbl dfn hg`pgrtc`bfltg df gpgsbhbl, dfsce g, g, mgstbnbdcd g erchcsg fl nc hg`prflsbl df tcrfcs g blstruhhbglfs. Qcrc cdgnfshfltfs `cygrfs y cduntgs (3? y `s cógs df fdcd), sf rfqubfrf ul ` lb`g lb`g df hblhg s ltg`cs. ltg`cs.
c) Hgl erfhuflhbc ecnnc fl prfstcr nc dfjbdc df jbdc ctflhbl c dftcnnfs g pgr dfshubdg sf
h) Hgl erfhuflhbc pcrfhf lg fshuhmcr hucldg sf nf mcjnc dbrfhtc`fltf (p. fi., pcrfhf tflfr nc `fltf fl gtrcs hgscs, blhnusg fl cusflhbc df hucnqubfr dbstrchhbl cpcrfltf). d) Hgl erfhuflhbc lg sbouf ncs blstruhhbglfs y lg tfr`blc ncs tcrfcs fshgncrfs, ngs qufmchfrfs g ngs
hg`ftfl frrgrfs fl ncs tcrfcs fshgncrfs, dfjfrfs ncjgrcnfs (p. fi., blbhbc tcrfcs pfrg sf fl fn trcjcig g durcltf gtrcs chtbvbdcdfs dbstrcf rpbdc`fltf y sf fvcdf hgl echbnbdcd). (p. fi., sf pcscl pgr cntg g sf pbfrdfl dftcnnfs, fn trcjcig lg sf nnfvc c hcjg f) Hgl erfhuflhbc tbflf dbebhuntcd pcrc groclbzcr hgl prfhbsbl). j) Hgl erfhuflhbc tbflf dbebhuntcdfs pcrc `cltflfr nc ctflhbl fl tcrfcs g chtbvbdcdfs rfhrfctbvcs (p. fi., tbflf dbebhuntcd pcrc `cltflfr nc ctflhb l fl hncsfs, hglvfrschbglfs g nc nfhturc prgnglocdc). h) Hgl erfhuflhbc pcrfhf lg fshuhmcr hucldg sf nf mcjnc dbrfhtc`fltf (p. fi., pcrfhf tflfr nc `fltf fl gtrcs hgscs,
tcrfcs y chtbvbdcdfs (p. fi., dbebhuntcd pcrc ofstbglcr tcrfcs sf huflhbcnfs; dbebhuntcd pcrc pglfr ngs `ctfrbcnfs y pfrtflflhbcs fl grdfl; dfshubdg y dfsgroclbzchbl fl fn trcjcig; `cnc ofstbl dfn tbf`pg; lg hu`pnf ngs pnczgs).
e) Hgl erfhuflhbc fvbtc, nf dbsoustc g sf `ufstrc pghg fltusbcstc fl blbhbcr tcrfcs quf rfqubfrfl ul fseufrzg `fltcn sgstflbdg (p. fi., tcrfcs fshgncrfs g qufmchfrfs dg`âstbhgs; fl cdgnfshfltfs `cygrfs y cduntgs, prfpcrchbl df blegr`fs, blhnusg cusflhbc df hucnqubfr hg`pnftcr egr`uncrbgs, rfvbscr crt hungs hungs ncrogs). dbstrchhbfl l cpcrfltf). d) Hgl erfhuflhbc lg sbouf ncs :. Mbpfrchtbvbdcd f b`punsbvbdcd9 Xfbs b`punsbvbdcd9 Xfbs (g `s) df blstruhhbglfs y lg tfr`blc ncs tcrfcs ngs sboubfltfs s ltg`cs ltg`cs sf mcl `cltflbdg durcltf fshgncrfs, ngs qufmchfrfs g ngs dfjfrfs cn `flgs 5 `fsfs fl ul orcdg quf lg hglhufrdc ncjgrcnfs (p. fi., blbhbc tcrfcs pfrg sf hgl fn lbvfn df dfscrrgnng y quf cefhtc dbstrcf rpbdc`fltf y sf fvcdf hgl dbrfhtc`fltf c ncs chtbvbdcdfs sghbcnfs y echbnbdcd). chcdâ`bhcs/ncjgrcnfs9 f) Hgl erfhuflhbc tbflf dbebhuntcd pcrc groclbzcr tcrfcs y chtbvbdcdfs (p. fi., c) Hgl erfhuflhbc iuouftfc hgl g ognpfc ncs `clgs dbebhuntcd pcrc ofstbglcr tcrfcs sf g ngs pbfs g sf rftufrhf fl fn csbfltg. huflhbcnfs; dbebhuntcd pcrc pglfr ngs `ctfrbcnfs y pfrtflflhbcs fl grdfl; j) Hgl erfhuflhbc sf nfvcltc fl sbtuchbglfs fl quf dfshubdg y dfsgroclbzchbl fl fn sf fspfrc quf pfr`clfzhc sfltcdg (p. fi., sf trcjcig; `cnc ofstbl dfn tbf`pg; lg nfvcltc fl nc hncsf, fl nc gebhblc g fl gtrg nuocr df hu`pnf ngs pnczgs). trcjcig, g fl gtrcs sbtuchbglfs quf rfqubfrfl e) Hgl erfhuflhbc fvbtc, nf dbsoustc g sf `cltflfrsf fl su nuocr). `ufstrc pghg fltusbcstc fl blbhbcr tcrfcs quf rfqubfrfl ul fseufrzg h) Hgl erfhuflhbc hgrrftfc g trfpc fl sbtuchbglfs `fltcn sgstflbdg (p. fi., tcrfcs fl ncs quf lg rfsuntc cprgpbcdg. (Lgtc9 Fl fshgncrfs g qufmchfrfs dg`âstbhgs; fl
cdgnfshfltfs `cygrfs y cduntgs, cdgnfshfltfs g cduntgs, pufdf nb`btcrsf c fstcr prfpcrchbl df blegr`fs, hg`pnftcr blqubftg.) egr`uncrbgs, rfvbscr crt hungs hungs ncrogs). o) Hgl erfhuflhbc pbfrdf hgscs lfhfscrbcs f) Hgl erfhuflhbc fst „ghupcdg,‐ chtucldg hg`g pcrc tcrfcs g chtbvbdcdfs (p. fi., `ctfrbcnfs fshgncrfs, npbhfs, nbjrgs, blstru`fltgs, jbnnftfrg, nncvfs, pcpfnfs dfn trcjcig, ocecs, `vbn). m) Hgl erfhuflhbc sf dbstrcf hgl echbnbdcd pgr fst `ungs `ungs fxtfrlgs (pcrc cdgnfshfltfs `cygrfs y cduntgs, pufdf blhnubr pflsc`bfltgs lg rfnchbglcdgs). b) Hgl erfhuflhbc gnvbdc ncs chtbvbdcdfs hgtbdbclcs (p. fi., mchfr ncs tcrfcs, mchfr
sb „ng b`punscrc ul `gtgr‐ (p. fi., fs blhcpcz df fstcr g sf sbfltf blh `gdg fstcldg qubftg
durcltf ul tbf`pg prgnglocdg, hg`g fl rfstcurcltfs, rfulbglfs; ngs gtrgs pufdfl pflscr quf fst bltrclqubng g quf nf rfsuntc dbe hbn hbn sfoubrngs). o) Hgl erfhuflhbc rfspgldf blfspfrcdc`fltf g cltfs df quf sf mcyc hglhnubdg ulc prfoultc (p. fi., tfr`blc ncs ercsfs df gtrgs; lg rfspftc fn turlg df hglvfrschbl).
ncs dbnboflhbcs; fl cdgnfshfltfs `cygrfs y cduntgs, dfvgnvfr ncs nnc`cdcs, pcocr 834.13 (E21.:) Qrfsfltchbgl hg`jblcdc9 Xb sf ncs echturcs, chudbr c ncs hbtcs). hu`pnfl fn Hrbtfrbg C3 (blctflhb l) y fn Hrbtfrbg C: :. Mbpfrchtbvbdcd f b`punsbvbdcd9 Xfbs b`punsbvbdcd9 Xfbs (g `s) (mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd) durcltf ngs ntb`gs df ngs sboubfltfs s ltg`cs ltg`cs sf mcl `cltflbdg 5 `fsfs. durcltf cn `flgs 5 `fsfs fl ul orcdg quf lg Orcvfdcd chtucn orcvf9 orcvf9 Qrfsflhbc df `uhmgs hglhufrdc hgl fn lbvfn df dfscrrgnng y quf s ltg`cs ltg`cs cpcrtf df ngs lfhfscrbgs pcrc fn cefhtc dbrfhtc`fltf c ncs chtbvbdcdfs sghbcnfs y dbcolstbhg g df vcrbgs s ltg`cs ltg`cs pcrtbhuncr`fltf chcdâ`bhcs/ncjgrcnfs9 orcvfs, g ngs s ltg`cs ltg`cs prgduhfl dftfrbgrg lgtcjnf dfn eulhbglc`bfltg sghbcn g ncjgrcn. Lgtc9 Ngs s ltg`cs Lgtc9 ltg`cs lg sgl s ng ulc `clbefstchbl dfn hg`pgrtc`bfltg df gpgsbhbl, dfsce g, g , mgstbnbdcd g erchcsg pcrc hg`prfldfr tcrfcs g blstruhhbglfs. Qcrc cdgnfshfltfs `cygrfs y cduntgs (c pcrtbr df 3? cógs df fdcd), sf rfqubfrf ul ` lb`g lb`g df hblhg s ltg`cs. ltg`cs.
c) Hgl erfhuflhbc iuouftfc hgl g ognpfc ncs `clgs g ngs pbfs g sf rftufrhf fl fn csbfltg. j) Hgl erfhuflhbc sf nfvcltc fl sbtuchbglfs fl quf sf fspfrc quf pfr`clfzhc sfltcdg (p. fi., sf nfvcltc fl nc hncsf, fl nc gebhblc g fl gtrg nuocr df trcjcig, g fl gtrcs sbtuchbglfs quf rfqubfrfl `cltflfrsf fl su nuocr). h) Hgl erfhuflhbc hgrrftfc g trfpc fl sbtuchbglfs fl ncs quf lg rfsuntc cprgpbcdg. (Lgtc9 (Lgtc9 Fl cdgnfshfltfs g cduntgs, pufdf nb`btcrsf c fstcr blqubftg.) d) Hgl erfhuflhbc fs blhcpcz df iuocr g df ghupcrsf trclqubnc`fltf fl chtbvbdcdfs rfhrfctbvcs. f) Hgl erfhuflhbc fst „ghupcdg,‐ chtucldg hg`g sb „ng b`punscrc ul `gtgr‐ (p. fi., fs blhcpcz df fstcr g sf
sbfltf blh`gdg fstcldg qubftg durcltf ul tbf`pg prgnglocdg, hg`g fl rfstcurcltfs, rfulbglfs; ngs gtrgs pufdfl pflscr quf fst bltrclqubng g quf nf rfsuntc dbe hbn hbn sfoubrngs). e) Hgl erfhuflhbc mcjnc fxhfsbvc`fltf. o) Hgl erfhuflhbc rfspgldf blfspfrcdc`fltf g cltfs df quf sf mcyc hglhnubdg ulc prfoultc (p. fi., tfr`blc ncs ercsfs df gtrgs; lg rfspftc fn turlg df hglvfrschbl). m) Hgl erfhuflhbc nf fs dbe hbn h bn fspfrcr su turlg (p. fi., `bfltrcs fspfrc fl ulc hgnc).
b) Hgl erfhuflhbc bltfrru`pf g sf bl`bshuyf hgl gtrgs (p. fi., sf `ftf fl ncs hglvfrschbglfs, iufogs g chtbvbdcdfs; pufdf f`pfzcr c utbnbzcr ncs hgscs df gtrcs pfrsglcs sbl fspfrcr g rfhbjbr pfr`bsg; fl cdgnfshfltfs y cduntgs, pufdf bl`bshubrsf g cdfncltcrsf c ng quf mchfl gtrgs). J. Cnoulgs s ltg`cs ltg`cs df blctflhbl g mbpfrchtbvg-b`punsbvgs fstcjcl prfsfltfs cltfs df ngs 3: cógs. H. Ucrbgs s ltg`cs ltg`cs df blctflhbl g mbpfrchtbvgb`punsbvgs fstl prfsfltfs fl dgs g ` s hgltfxtgs (p. fi., fl hcsc, fl nc fshufnc g fl fn trcjcig; hgl ngs c`bogs g pcrbfltfs; fl gtrcs chtbvbdcdfs). D. Fxbstfl prufjcs hncrcs df quf ngs s ltg`cs ltg`cs bltfrebfrfl hgl fn eul hbglc`bfltg sghbcn, chcdâ`bhg g ncjgrcn, g rfduhfl nc hcnbdcd df ngs `bs`gs. F. Ngs s ltg`cs ltg`cs lg sf prgduhfl fxhnusbvc`fltf durcltf fn hursg df nc fsqubzgerflbc g df gtrg trcstgrlg psbhtbhg y lg sf fxpnbhcl `figr pgr gtrg trcstgrlg `fltcn (p. fi., trcstgrlg dfn fstcdg df lb`g, trcstgrlg df clsbfdcd, trcstgrlg dbsghbctbvg, trcstgrlg df nc pfrsglcnbdcd, bltgxbhchbl g cjstblflhbc df sustclhbcs). Fspfhbebhcr sb9
834.13 (E21.:) Qrfsfltchbgl hg`jblcdc9 hg`jblcdc9 Xb sf hu`pnfl fn Hrbtfrbg C3 (blctflhb l) y fn Hrbtfrbg C: (mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd) durcltf ngs ntb`gs 5 `fsfs.
834.11 (E21.1) Qrfsfltchbgl prfdg`blcltf hgl ecntc df ctflhbgl9 Xb l9 Xb sf hu`pnf fn Hrbtfrbg C3 (blctflhbl) pfrg lg sf hu`pnf fn Hrbtfrbg C: (mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd) durcltf ngs ntb`gs 5 `fsfs. 834.13 (E21.3) Qrfsfltchbgl prfdg`blcltf mbpfrchtbvc/b`punsbvc9 Xb mbpfrchtbvc/b`punsbvc9 Xb sf hu`pnf fn Hrbtfrbg C: (mbpfrchtbvbdcd-b`punsbvbdcd) y lg sf hu`pnf fn Hrbtfrbg C3 (blctflhb l) durcltf ngs ntb`gs 5 `fsfs. Fspfhbebhcr sb9 sb9
Fl rf`bsbgl pcrhbcn9 pcrhbcn9 Hucldg prfvbc`fltf sf hu`pn cl cl tgdgs ngs hrbtfrbgs, lg tgdgs ngs hrbtfrbgs sf mcl hu`pnbdg durcltf ngs ntb`gs 5 `fsfs, y ngs s ltg`cs sboufl dftfrbgrcldg fn eulhbglc- `bfltg sghbcn, chcdâ`bhg g ncjgrcn. Fspfhbebhcr nc orcvfdcd chtucn9
Nfvf9 Qghgs g lblol s ltg`c Nfvf9 Qghgs ltg`c fstl prfsfltfs `s quf ngs lfhfscrbgs pcrc fn dbcolstbhg, y ngs s ltg`cs ltg`cs sng prgduhfl dftfrbgrg ` lb`g lb`g dfn
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Orcvf9 Qrfsflhbc df `uhmgs s ltg`cs Orcvf9 ltg`cs cpcrtf df ngs lfhfscrbgs pcrc fn dbcolstbhg g df vcrbgs s ltg`cs ltg`cs pcrtbhuncr`fltf orcvfs, g ngs s ltg`cs ltg`cs prgduhfl dftfrbgrg lgtcjnf dfn eulhbglc`bfltg sghbcn g ncjgrcn.
QZGLØXTBHG Qsbhgtfrcpbc g psbhgclãnbsbs culcdg hgl nc ctflhbøl psbqubãtrbhc, pgdràc cyudcr c `figrcr fn fltfldb`bfltg psàqubhg bldbvbducn y sus rfnchbglfs hgl su fltgrlg df `b pchbfltf, yc quf fn vblhung blbhbcn hgl nc `cdrf euldc y dfnb`btc nc fstruhturchbøl psàqubhc, cn trctcr df cludcr lufvc`fltf fstc rfnchbøl ngs prghfsgs df hgltflhbøl sf vfràcl fl ulc `figrc hgltbluc. Zfsfrvcdg. Xf fspfrc quf hgl cyudc df nc psbhgtfrcpbc dfhbdc rforfscr c hncsfs, hgltbluf hgl su chtucn f`pnfg f `pnfg y grbfltcr c nc n c `cdrf fl rfnchbøl c nc dblã`bhc ec`bnbcr y su eulhbøl df cutgrbdcd cltf ân.
XVOFZFLHBCX Xf suobfrf c nc `cdrf rfcnbzcr fn fxc`fl cltbdgpblo, fstcjnfhfrnf bldbhchbglfs hncrcs, prfhbscs y sgstflbdcs df nc eulhbøl df Cldrâs dfltrg df nc ec`bnbc, csà hg`g ncs hglsfhuflhbcs cn lg hu`pnbr hgl ngs chufrdgs fstcjnfhbdgs y hgltblucr hgl nc tfrcpbc psbhgclcnàtbhc.
ZFEFZFLHBCX DF HGLXVNTC ZFEFZFLHBCX C`frbhcl Qsyhmbctrbh Cssghbctbgl-CQC. (:134). Ouàc df hglsuntc df ngs hrbtfrbgs dbcoløstbhgs dfn DX@-6 Cncrhøl, Z., Erff`cl, C. (:136) Zutcs gltgnøobhcs df nc lgsgngoàc psbqubãtrbhc9 ·Hø`g sf nnfoø cn DX@67,
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Oø`fz, F. (:1:1) „Cprgxb`chbglfs df fstudbg y trctc`bfltg df prgjnf`cs `fltcnfs‐ Qrfsfltchbøl Qgwfr Qgblt, @âxbhg.
Oø`fz,F. (:1:1) „Bltforchbl df hnlbhgs‐ Qrfsfltchbl Qgwfr Qgblt, @âxbhg
O`fz, F. (:1:1) „Qsbhgpctgngocs y cefhtchbglfs sghbcnfs‐ Qrfsfltchbl Qgwfr Qgblt, @âxbhg
Qcunc, B. (:116)„Fstudbg df hcsgs sgjrf fn dbstrâs ncjgrcn fl prgefsbglcnfs df nc fduhchbl fspfhbcn‐
@CQEZF @FDBHBLC, Ugn. 35 Lg.3.
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